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San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite VISITORS: DEVELOPMENT OF VITAL SIGN

MONITORING SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL PATIENTS A Design Project Presented to the
Faculty of Computer Engineering Department of San Sebastian College – Recoletos de
Cavite In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in
Computer Engineering By: Alpajaro, John Rafaelle A. Panganiban, Juan Miguel DG.
Tañag, Karl Manuel Vales, Dean Nikkolie H. November 2020 San Sebastian College –
Recoletos de Cavite TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 – PROBLEM AND ITS
BACKGROUND ……………… 1.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………….1 1.2
Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………2 1.2.1 Gene
rroblem……………………………………………...2

1.2.2 Specific P……………………………………..2 1.3 Objective of the Study … 1.3.1 Gene rve……
1.3.2 Sve…… 1.4 Importance and Significance of the Study ……… 1.5 Definition of Terms
…… 1.6 Scope & Delimitation …………………………………………………....5 1.6.1 S 1.6.2
Delitation………………………………………………….5 1.7 Conceptual Framework
………………………………………………… ...6 CHAPTER II – RELATED LITERATURE
………………………………… .. … … 7 2.1 Foreign Literature …… . ……… … 7 2.2 Local Literature
……… . ……... ...8 2.3 Synthesis ……………………………………………………………… ....10 CHAPTER III –
METHODOLOGY 3.1 Materials and Method … .. ……..11 3.1.1 Materials ………… … . … .
…..11 3.1.1.1 Hardware ……… . ……11 3.1.1.2 Software ……… . …..19 3.1.2 Method
………………………………………………… …………..20 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite
3.2

System Development Life Cycle ………………… 3.3 Component Integration

…………………………………………………25 3.4 System Block Diagram
…………………………………………………26 3.5 Developed Design Project
……………………………………………..28 3.6 Estimated Cost …………………………………………………
………29 APPENDICES APPENDIX A ………… APPENDIX B …………………………………………………
……………32 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite ACKNOWLEDGMENT With
boundless love and appreciation, the developers would like to extend their heartfelt
gratitude and appreciation to the people who helped them bring this study into reality.

The researchers would like to extend their profound gratitude to the following:
Foremost, the developers would like to offer this endeavor to our Almighty God for the
strength, courage, peace of mind, and good health to finish this study. To their adviser,
Engr. Paolo Roberto O. Lozada, MEng-CpE, whose expertise, consistent guidance, ample
time spent and consistent advice helped them bring this study into success; To their
head professor, Engr. Airon Gail M. Montealegre, ECE, for his favorable response and
consistent advice regarding the study.

To their professors, for teaching and making them into a determined, well- oriented,
and professional individual; Last but not the least, to their respective parents, whose
love and guidance are always with them and for the never-ending support and
motivation that they are showing to the developers. 1 San Sebastian College – Recoletos
de Cavite CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter presents the
introduction, scope and limitation, statement of the problem, objectives of the study
significance of the study, scopes and limitations, hypotheses, and the definition of
terms. 1.1 Introduction Vital signs are estimations of the body's most fundamental
capacities. The 4 main vital signs routinely monitored by healthcare providers include
Body temperature, Pulse rate, Respiration Rate, and Blood pressure.

Vital signs help perceive or monitor medical issues. They can be measured in a clinical
setting, at home, at the site of an emergency zone, or elsewhere. (The Johns Hopkins
Medicine, 2020) Monitoring system its fundamental is to allow users to capture data,
process, and systematically disseminate information. The monitoring system enables us
to measure trends of various indicators based on the information gathered in the field.
A monitoring system is fundamental in supporting post-catastrophe relief and
recuperation. (MONITORING INFORMATION SYSTEM, n.d.)

There are some patients are being confined in a hospital because they need to be
monitored, some cannot afford to stay for a long time in a hospital because of high
hospital bills and there are patients that have a personal caretaker at home. It is a good
thing to have someone who will monitor your situation especially when your life is at
risk. Therefore, 2 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite we will develop a Vital
Sign Monitoring System that can be used at home or in the hospital that will show the
vitals of the patient.
The primary concern of the study is to design and develop a Vital Sign Monitoring
System. The developers will create hardware that can monitor the vitals of the patient.
The system will hold all the data regarding the vitals that will be shown in the mobile
app. The project will ensure that the provided information is accurate. 1.2 Statement of
the Problem 1.2.1 General Problem How to create a Vital Monitoring System? 1.2.2

Specific Problem ? How to design the hardware that can monitor the health of a person?
? How to create a system that can show the vitals of a person? ? How to create a mobile
app that can connect to the system? 1.3 Objective of the Study 1.3.1 General Objective
The goal of this study is to create and develop a Vital Sign Monitoring System to
monitor the health of a person thru a mobile app. 3 San Sebastian College – Recoletos
de Cavite 1.3.2 Specific Objective ? To design an electronic device that can be used on a
person. ? To create a program that can function properly. ? To gain information on the
vitals of the person. ? The program must be understandable. 1.4

Importance and Significance of the Study The VISITORS is designed to monitor the
health vitals of the patient which can be accessible by their caretaker or doctor to watch
over them even if they are not physically with the patient. Through this device, they
would know if there is a sudden outburst that would threaten the life of the patient. The
significance of the device is that it can send a message to notify the caretaker or doctor
that the patient would need medical attention. TO THE PEOPLE - The VISITORS can
notify the caretaker to help those people who quickly need medical attention. TO THE
HOSPITAL - The VISITORS can help in monitoring the health of the patients.

4 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite TO THE DEVELOPERS - The VISITORS will
allow the developers to test their skill and gain more experience as they apply their
knowledge and innovation in creating the device TO THE FUTURE RESEARCHER - This
study will help future developers to have a reference in creating devices that are similar
or for other studies that are related to this. 1.5 Definition of Terms Vital – is concerned
with or necessary to the continuation of life. Monitoring System – are answerable for
controlling the technology utilized by an organization to dissect their performance, and
to recognize and alert about the conceivable mistake.

Pulse Rate - is a measurement of the pulse or the occasions the heart thumps every
moment. The ordinary heartbeat for grown-ups goes from 60 to 100 thumps for each
minute. Blood Pressure - is the force of the blood pushing against the artery during
withdrawal and unwinding of the heart. Typical blood pressure is systolic of under 120
and diastolic of under 80 (120/80). 5 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite
Respiration Rate - is the number of breaths an individual takes for each minute.
Ordinary breath rates for a grown-up individual reach from 12 to 16 breaths for each
minute.

Body Temperature - the normal temperature of the human body. Normal body
temperature can range from 36.5 degrees Celsius to 37 degrees Celsius for a healthy
adult. 1.6 Scope & Delimitation The developers set that the scopes and delimitation of
the VISITORS are stated below: 1.6.1 Scope The VISITORS will only give the vital of the
patient who has been connected to the device. The device will show the pulse rate,
blood pressure, respiration rate, and body temperature. 1.6.2 Delimitation ? The
VISITORS only gives the vital information of the patient who has been connected to the
device.

? The VISITORS can only be used by one patient per device. 6 San Sebastian College –
Recoletos de Cavite 1.7 Conceptual Framework Based on the preceding concept,
theories, and other findings of related literature, studies, and insights taken from them, a
conceptual model was developed as shown below: Input Process Output Fig.1
Conceptual framework of a Vital Sign Monitoring System, the input devices are placed
on the person that is connected to the RPI and will be connected to the system that can
be viewed on a mobile phone.

In the Mobile phone, the users will be able to see the vital information of a person. Once
the person who is connected to the device reaches a critical condition on his vitals, the
system will notify the user about it. Sensors Signal Processing Display the information of
the vitals of the person in the mobile app 7 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite
CHAPTER II RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents a review of related literature
and studies underlying the outline of the body. 2.1

Foreign Literature Vital signs - The objective of this review was to introduce the best
accessible data identified with the observing of patient vital signs concerning their
purpose, constraints, the ideal frequency of measurement, and what measures ought to
establish vital signs. The review likewise tried to distinguish additional issues of
significance related to the individual boundaries of temperature measurement, blood
pressure evaluation, pulse measurement, and respiratory rate measurement. (wood,
Conrolea, 2004).

A blood glucose monitoring system - incorporates a generally planar expendable

adhesive patch having a needle-type glucose sensor and a second electrode mounted
consequently, just as first and second electrode connectors anticipating from an upper
surface of the patch and being in electrical association with the separate terminals. 8
San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite A microprocessor worn by the client has
positive and negative leads for determined association with the particular terminal
connectors and constantly monitoring current transmitted by the sensor and showcases
relating normal degrees of blood glucose on a presentation board (DeMarzo, 1990).

Miniaturized real-time monitoring system for l-lactate and glucose using

microfabricated multi-enzyme sensors - taking into account a miniature manufactured
multi-enzyme silicon sensor chip with stream channels coordinated on the chip. The
sensors were created in control technology. They were portrayed in test arrangements.
The cross-talking conduct was explored and was discovered to be practically irrelevant.
The linear measurement range of both glucose and lactate sensors was enormous
enough for the handiest applications (Perdomo et al., 2000). 2.2

Local Literature INTELLIGENT ANNOUNCEMENT BOARD - This study aimed to develop

an intelligent announcement board that gives updated announcements and
simultaneous information dissemination to both UIC Bonifacio and Fr. Selga campus.
This device or system consisted of three (3) system units, two (2) 32 inches flat-screen
television, two (2) PIR sensors or motion sensors, and a GSM Module. This study was
made of the experimental development method and descriptive approach. The gathered
data were then recorded and analyzed by the researchers and statistician to find out
whether the device achieved its objectives.

The findings of the study revealed that the device functioned with 9 San Sebastian
College – Recoletos de Cavite a very high level of efficiency as depicted by the overall
rating from the evaluators. The features of the device were materialized which led to the
attainment of the objectives of this study (Capricho, Lim, Urquiza, & Yu, 1970).
ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE - This study aimed to design an electronic stethoscope that
allowed medical practitioners and patients to hear internal body noise coming from the
heart, lungs, and diaphragm through an audio speaker.

This is a portable device and powered only by DC (direct current) supply such as a
battery. The sound of the device output will be determined and compared with the
traditional stethoscope to the electronic s tethoscophe deviceons andes effvenl t
evaluated by specific respondents related to technology engineering and health care.
This project design entailed a descriptive and experimental development method. The
effectiveness of the output of the study was based on how satisfied are the evaluators in
using the device.

The findings of the study were based on the functionality test performance, and on the
overall evaluation results from respondent perceptions and decisions on the device. The
researchers concluded that the features of the device, portability, and the sound
produced by the device including the VU meter, were satisfied, attains its purpose and
specifications, and work properly (Quinamot, Paciente, Sorolla, & Masalta, 2004).
Information system development in support of national health program monitoring and
evaluation: the case of the Philippines - The Department of Health of 10 San Sebastian
College – Recoletos de Cavite the Philippines has perceived that information assortment
is a necessary piece of most, if not all, wellbeing administration conveyance components
of the essential medical care approach.

The redesign cycle started with the Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS),
which is answerable for the assortment and spread of information to exercises in all
public-health offices in the nation, except for those occurring on a clinic inpatient
premise. This advancement puts the Philippines in an administration position among
governments in conquering the primary imperative in assessing the advancement
towards accomplishing the objective of wellbeing for all by the year 2000, that
requirement being lacking data backing to the administrative cycle (Robey and Lee,
1990). 2.4 Synthesis From the literature stated above, the developers come up with the
idea of creating a design for a contactless patient monitoring system.

The researchers design the VISITORS to provide easy communication between the
patient and medical staff. VISITORS is designed to eliminate the system where the
patient or the guardian needs to find or go to the nurse station for the basic needs. The
project sought to boost the efficiency and response of every medical staff to their
patients. 11 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology used in the development of this study. It
includes materials and methods, system diagrams, and cost analysis. 3.1 Materials and
Method 3.1.1 Materials 3.1.1.1 Hardware Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Motherboard
Specifications: ? Broadcom BCM2711, Quad-core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @
1.5GHz ? 4GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM 12 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite ?
2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz IEEE 802.11ac remote, Bluetooth 5.0, BLE ? Gigabit Ethernet ? 2 USB
3.0 ports; 2 USB 2.0 ports.

? Raspberry Pi standard 40 pin GPIO header (fully backward compatible with previous
boards) ? 2 × micro-HDMI ports (up to 4kp60 supported) ? 2-lane MIPI DSI display
port ? 2-lane MIPI CSI camera port ? 4-pole stereo audio and composite video port ?
H.265 (4kp60 decode), H264 (1080p60 decode, 1080p30 encode) ? OpenGL ES 3.0
graphics ? Micro-SD card slot for booting an operating system and information
storage ? 5V DC by USB-C connector (minimum 3A*) ? 5V DC by GPIO header (minimum
3A*) ? Power over Ethernet (PoE) empowered (requires separate PoE HAT) ? Operating
temperature: 0 to 50 degrees C ambient 13 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite
Sandisk Ultra Micro SDHC Class 10 UHS-I 16GB Specifications: ? (Speed up to 80MB/s)
from SDSQUNB to SDSQUNS ? Authentic: BUY ONLY ORIGINAL QUALITY GUARANTEE ?
Memory Capacity: 16GB ? Type: MicroSDHC Card ? Class: Class 10 UHS-I ? Transfer Rate:
up to 80MB/s ? Waterproof ? Shockproof ? Compatible with Smartphones and
Cameras ? OS Compatibility: Windows 2000 or later, Mac OS 10.4

or la 14 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite 7 inch HDMI LCD (B) for Raspberry
Pi Specifications: ? 800x480 hardware resolution ? Capacitive touch control ? Supports
popular mini PCs such as Raspberry Pi, BB Black, as well as general desktop computers ?
When works with Raspberry Pi, supports Raspbian/Ubuntu/Kali/Retropie/WIN10 IOT,
driver free ? When working as a computer monitor, supports Windows 10/8.1/8/7, five-
points touch, and driver free ? The backlight can be turned off to lower power
consumption 15 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite Arduino Uno
Specifications: ? Microcontroller: ATmega328P ? Operating Voltage:5V ? Input Voltage
(recommended):7-9V ? Input Voltage (limit):7-9V ? Digital I/O Pins:14 (of which 6
provide PWM output) ? PWM Digital I/O Pins:6 ? Analog Input Pins:6 ? DC Current per
I/O Pin:20 mA ? DC Current for 3.3V Pin:50 mA ? Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P of
which 0.5

KB used by bootloader ? SRAM:2 KB (ATmega328P) ? EEPROM:1 KB (ATmega328P) 16

San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite ? Clock Speed:16 MH Pulse Sensor
Specification: ? Plug and Play type sensor ? Operating Voltage: +5V or +3.3V ? Current
Consumption: 4mA ? Inbuilt Amplification and Noise cancellation circuit. ? Diameter:
0.625” ? Thickness: 17 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite MAX30205
Specifications: ? 0.1°C Accuracy (37°C to 39°C) ? 16-Bit (0.00390625°C) Temperature
Resolution ? 2.7V to 3.3V Supply Voltage Range ? One-Shot, Shutdown Modes for
Reduced Power Consumption ? 600µ (type) Operating Supply Current ? Selectable
Timeout Prevents Bus Lockup ? Separate Open-Drain OS Output Operates as Interrupt
or Comparator/Thermostat Output ? 3x3 mm, 8-pin TDFN package (0.65mm pitch) ?
Operating Temperature range: 0°C to +50°C (+32°F to +122°F) 18 San Sebastian College
– Recoletos de Cavite Blood Pressure Sensor Specification: ? Large LCD size :55 x 44mm
with digit height 18mm; ? 2x90 groups memory function; ? Average calculating for the
latest 3 times measurement value; ? Blood pressure classification (WHO) indicator; ?
Irregular heartbeat (IHB) indicator; ? Year/month/date/time function; ? Accuracy
:Pressure +/-3mmHg; ? Pulse+/-5%; ? Power by 4 AA size alkaline batteries or AC/DC
power supply; ? Silence design; ? Automatic power-off function; 19 San Sebastian
College – Recoletos de Cavite 3.1.1.2 Software Raspbian Raspbian is a free operating
system dependent on Debian-enhanced for the Raspberry Pi equipment.

An operating system is the arrangement of fundamental projects and utilities that make
your Raspberry Pi run. Notwithstanding, Raspbian gives in more than a pure OS: it
accompanies more than 35,000 packages, pre-arranged programming packaged in a
decent organization for simple establishment on your Raspberry Pi. 20 San Sebastian
College – Recoletos de Cavite Android Studio Android Studio is the official Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) for Android app development, based on IntelliJ IDEA.

On top of IntelliJ's powerful code editor and developer tools, Android Studio offers even
more features that enhance your productivity when building Android apps 3.1.2 Method
ONLINE RESEARCH Online research methods (ORMs) are manners by which researchers
can gather information utilizing the web. They are likewise alluded to as Internet
research, Internet science, or Web-based strategies. Huge numbers of these online
research strategies are identified within existing research approaches however re- 21
San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite invent and re-imagine them in the light of
new advances and conditions related to the web.

OBSERVATION Observation is a method of gathering information through noticing.

Observation data collection method is delegated a participatory report because the
researcher needs to submerge herself in the setting where her respondents are while
taking notes and additionally recording. INTERVIEW An interview is an organized
discussion where one member poses inquiries, and the different gives answers. The
questioner poses inquiries to which the interviewee responds, usually giving data.

SURVEY Survey research is the assortment of information achieved by asking people

inquiries either face to face, on paper, by mobile, or on the web. Conducting surveys is
one type of essential research, which is collecting information directly from its source.
The data gathered may likewise be gotten to therefore by different gatherings in
auxiliary researches. 22 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite 3.2

System Development Life Cycle Planning Designing Developing Testing Maintenance 23

San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite Planning During this phase, the developers
observed and interviewed to identify the problems in monitoring the vital signs of a
patient and what the developers can do to lessen the workload of a caretaker or doctor.
Based on the research that the developers had conducted, a device that can monitor the
patient vital sign in Real-time that can be accessed through mobile apps can lessen their
workload.

Designing During this phase, the developers will create a finished design of the device.
The design will include both software and hardware. Each hardware will be connected
and the software will be used to operate the hardware. The developers researched what
hardware is needed and what software to use. Developing In this phase, the developers
will look for what component is the best to use for the device. Then creating the
software that can monitor and send the information to a mobile app. Testing In this
phase, the developers will conduct a test on each component that will be used on the
device.

The Raspberry Pi, Arduino, LCD Screen, Body Temperature Sensor, Blood Pressure
Sensor, and Pulse Rate Sensor will be tested if each component will 24 San Sebastian
College – Recoletos de Cavite function properly when it is connected. The software will
be tested by checking if it will show the information gathered by the sensors on the LCD
Screen and if the information can be accessed on the mobile app. Maintenance In this
phase, it will include the checking of all the components if it is still intact and
functioning. The developers know how to fix the device if there is a broken component
or a wired loose that prevents it from functioning properly.

25 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite 3.3 Component Integration The figure
shown above is the component integration of the device using Raspberry Pi and the
Arduino. The Raspberry Pi will be used as a server to send the information through the
internet. The Arduino will be used to gather the information from the sensors then
sends it to the Raspberry Pi. Then the Raspberry Pi will show the information to the LCD
screen and to the Mobile App that is accessed by the caretaker or doctor. 26 San
Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite 3.4

System Block Diagram Mobile Application Flowchart Stop Start Connect to the
Raspberry Pi server Open the app Click Patient Status Optional: See Patient needs 27
San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite Block Diagram MOBILE PHONE Mobile
Phone Body Temperature Sensor Pulse rate Sensor Blood Pressure Sensor Monitor and
sends information to the Mobile App Display the information gathered by the sensor
PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT 28 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite 3.5 Developed
Design Project 29 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite 3.6 Estimated Cost 3.7
Technical Requirements Items Quantity Estimated Cost Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 1
3,249.75 16GB Micro SD card 1 193 MAX30205 1 2,898.67 7” TouchscrLC Screen 1
2,999.75 Arduino 1 249.75 Pulse Sensor 1 1,207.77 Blood Pressure Sensor 1 479 Total
11,277.69 30 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite APPENDIX A References 31
San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite LockonroHill Page, T. (2004, July 14). Vital
signs.

Retrieved October 25, 2020, from

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1479- 6988.2004.00012.x DeMarzo, A.
P. (1990, April 09). US4953552A - Blood glucose monitoring system. Retrieved October
27, 2020, from https://patents.google.com/patent/US4953552A/en Perdomo, J., Hinkers,
H., Sundermeier, C., Seifert, W., Morell, O., & Knoll, M. (2000, December 04). Miniaturized
real-time monitoring system for l-lactate and glucose using microfabricated multi-
enzyme sensors. Retrieved October 27, 2020, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0956566300000877 Capricho, N.,
Lim, K., Urquiza, N., & Yu, J. (1970, January 01). INTELLIGENT ANNOUNCEMENT BOARD.
Retrieved October 27, 2020, from https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=12852 Quinamot,
S., Paciente, A., Sorolla, M., & Masalta, C. (2004, March 01).

ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPE. Retrieved October 27, 2020, from

https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=12850 Robey, J., & Lee, S. (1990). Information system
development in support of national health program monitoring and evaluation: The
case of the Philippines. Retrieved October 27, 2020, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2375128/ 32 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de
Cavite APPENDIX B Interview 33 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite Name
Emily DG. Castañeda Infection Control Nurse at Cavite Naval Hospital Date: October 28,
2020 Time: 10:05 PM 34 San Sebastian College – Recoletos de Cavite Questions 1. How
many years do you have in the medical field? A: 28years 2.

When doing rounds, what is the step by step procedure you do on checking up a
patient? A: Procedure during rounds look at the physical appearance of a patient if there
is any abnormality if there are IVck if itevel ods remaining, talk to the patient first
introduce self and ask the patient regarding health status and give health teaching's as
needed 3. How often do you check up on your patients in a day? A: Check patient
frequently now a minimum of 4- 5 depends on tent’ health status. 4. Is there any chance
that you or someone forgot to check the patient's vitals upon doing rounds? A: There is
a specific time if taking the vitals sign of a patient not necessary during rounds of
endorsement. 5.

Do patients request for bedsheet change? If so, how often? 35 San Sebastian College –
Recoletos de Cavite A: Patient does request for change of bed sheet, in our institution
change of bed sheet is MWF or every two days. 6. Did you had a problem
checking/monitoring the patient's vital signs? A: No problem in checking a pent’s vitgn s
it is the basic knowledge in the medical field. 7. Will it be helpful if there is a device that
can monitor the patient's vitals and notify you if they need something? A: Nowadays in
the new normal it is really helpful if there are easy-to-use devices that can help monitor
a patient's vital signs without the medical practitioner doing it for the patient example
digital BP app the patient can take his own BP.

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