Assessment 1: Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

PART 1 - IDENTIFICATION
2. Characteristic that is related with the hereditary factor.
• Alleles
3. An organism with different alleles.
• Heterozygous
4. Allele set that an organism has.
• Genotype
5. The expression of the allele set.
• Phenotype
6. Hypothesis that states that traits from parents were just compounded together.
• Blending. Blending Hypothesis, Blending Theory
7. The person that studied hereditary traits within garden peas.
• Gregor Mendel
8. The law that states that two alleles from a heritable character separates from each other during gamete
formation.
• Law of Segregation
9. Type of dominance wherein both traits are expressed.
• Co-dominance
10. Type of dominance wherein neither traits are expressed.
• Incomplete Dominance
11. Pattern of inheritance where it affects both sexes but passed only by females.
• Mitochondrial inheritance

PART 2A - ANALYSIS
In humans, earwax consistency follows the Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance. Wet earwax is the dominant trait
over dry earwax. Using the letter that represents the element TUNGSTEN in the periodic table, answer the
following.
12.What is the letter that represents the DOMINANT allele?
•W
13.What is the letter that represents the recessive allele
•w
14.What are the possible genotypes of the wet earwax trait? (HOMOZYGOUS)
• WW
15.What are the possible genotypes of the wet earwax trait? (HETEROZYGOUS)
• Ww
16.If the person has dry earwax, his/her genotype for earwax trait should be?
• ww
PART 2B - ANALYSIS
Assume that coat color in cows follow the Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance. Let the dominant trait be black
coat, and the recessive trait be white coat (not albino). Using the first letter of the first name of your BIOLOGY
2 instructor, answer the following.
17.What is the possible genotype of a cow that has a white coat?
• pp
18.What are the possible genotypes of a cow that has a black coat? (HOMOZYGOUS)
• PP
19.In a situation where incomplete dominance is observed, what is the phenotype of the heterozygous cow?
• Gray, Grey
20.In a situation where codominance is observed, what is the genotype of a cow with patches of black and
white?
• Pp
21.What pattern of inheritance is present if only cows from a white female parent generates white cows
regardless of sex of the offspring?
• Mitochondrial Inheritance

PART 3 - PROBLEM SOLVING

Assume that there was a trihybrid cross within this test-cross:
XxYYZz crossed to xxYyZz
22.What is the probability (in percent) of having a genotype [xxYYzz] in this cross?
• 6.25%
23.What is the probability (in percent) of having a genotype [xxYYZz] in this cross?
• 12.50%
24.What is the resulting percentage if all genotype frequencies were added?
• 100%
 Assessment 2 - Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
IDENTIFICATION
4.This is the phenomena where a gene affects multiple traits whether they are related or unrelated.
• Pleiotropy
5.The phenomena where a gene could cancel out the expression of another gene.
• Epistasis
6.A trait that is controlled by a gene having multiple alleles.
• Multiple Allele Trait
7.A trait that is controlled by one or multiple trait that could have a compounding effect on the phenotype.
• Polygenic Trait
8.The phenomena where traits are inherited more likely if they are in a single locus.
• Gene Linkage
9.The effect of direct sunlight to skin tone and color.
• Environmental Effects on Phenotype, Environmental Effect on Phenotype.
10.The genotype of O BLOOD TYPE is written as:
• ii
11.The phenotype of IAi blood type (LETTER ONLY).
•A

TRUE OR FALSE
Write [DOMINANT] if the statement is true, else, write [recessive].
12.Skin color is highly dependent on genotype, that the environmental effects are highly negligible
• recessive [false]
13.There are four allelic combinations for the human ABO blood groups.
• recessive [false]
14.Gene linkage follows the law of independent segregation strictly, where traits are equally distributed from
parents to child ensuring the proper partitioning of all alleles.
• recessive [false]
15.Person A lives in a highly tropical country and due to his darker complexion, his blood type is TYPE A.
• recessive [false]
16.A person with blood type O has no antigens in his/her blood.
• DOMINANT [true]
ANALYSIS 1A
Write what only is asked, write all answers in uppercase letters, except for the answers that are in genotype
form. Follow main instructions. NOT FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS WILL GARNER NO POINTS EVEN THE
ANSWER IS CORRECT.
Two babies, baby A and baby X, were mismatched in a hospital nursery. The only presented traits are their
blood type from the screening that was performed where baby A has blood type B while baby X has blood type
O. On the other room there are two couples that are worrying that they may get the wrong baby. Couple Z has
both blood type A individuals while couple X has AB blood type and an O blood type.
17.Who are the parents of baby A? (Write only the letter of the couple)
•X
18.Who are the parents of baby X? (Write only the letter of the couple)
•Z
19.Which baby has a probable homozygous recessive genotype? (Write only the letter)
•X
20.Who are the parents of the baby mentioned in the previous question? (Write only the letter)
•Z
21.Couple X are individuals that are both blonde and blue-eyed, does this matter in the expression of the
baby’s blood type? (YES/NO)
• NO

ANALYSIS 1B
A hypothetical animal, scientifically known as /Asupin lagunensis/, has three color variations: rainbow, gold,
and transparent. After sequencing, it was discovered that the gene coding for rainbow color is 'R' and the gold
color is coded by 'r', while the gene coding for full opacity is 'O' while 'o' codes for no opacity. A pair of
heterozygous rainbow-colored /Asupin lagunensis/, were obtain and crossed with each other.
22.Compute for the phenotypic ratio of TRANSPARENT organisms. EXPRESS IN FRACTION FORM.
• 4/16
23.Compute for the phenotypic ratio of GOLD-colored organisms. EXPRESS IN FRACTION FORM.
• 3/16
24.Compute for the phenotypic ratio of RAINBOW-colored organisms. EXPRESS IN FRACTION FORM.
• 9/16
25.What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant RAINBOW-colored organism?
• RROO
26.What is the genotype of a GOLD-organism but with hybrid gene for opacity?
• rROo
 Assessment for Lesson 3 - Pedigree Analysis
IDENTIFICATION
4. The individual being studied for the pedigree analysis.
• Proband
5. A square denotes what sex?
• Female
6. A circle denotes what sex?
• Male
7. Two individuals connected by broken lines denote what kind of relationship?
• Extramarital mating
8. Two individuals connected by two lines denote what kind of relationship?
• Consanguineous marriage

ANALYSIS 1

9. What is the mode of inheritance of the trait in this diagram?

• Autosomal Dominant
10. Based on your answer on number 9, what type of allele causes the disease? Dominant or recessive?
• Dominant
11. How many children does I-1 and I-2 have?
•6
ANALYSIS 2

12. Given that there are half-shaded individuals, what method of inheritance does this trait have?
• X-Linked Recessive
13. How many children does individual II-4 and II-5 have?
•3
14. What sex is the carrier of this trait?
• Female
15. What is the genotype of IV-7? (PROPER NOTATION FOR THE METHOD OF INHERITANCE)
• XrXr
16. What is the phenotype of IV-7?
• Bald
 Assessment for Lesson 4 - Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (Basic)
IDENTIFICATION
4. What do you call the explanation of the flow of genetic information within biological systems?
• Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
5. Who stated that DNA makes RNA and RNA makes proteins?
• Francis Crick
6. A major stage in [question 1] where the DNA is "converted" mRNA.
• Transcription
7. Where does the mRNA go when it is called to form the amino acid for proteins?
• Ribosome
8. The owner of the photo where Watson and Crick described the helical structure of DNA.
• Rosalind Franklin
9. Write the full name of DNA.
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
10. What group of nitrogenous bases does Adenine and Guanine belong?
• Purines
11. How many bonds does the bonding of Guanine and Cytosine have?
•3
12. What rule states that the specific bonding between base pairs is AT/GC?
• Chargaff’s Rule
13. In DNA replication, this is the mode of replication where each strand of the double helix will serve as the
template for the new strands.
• Semi-conservative
14. This enzyme unzips the double stranded DNA.
• DNA Helicase
15. This enzyme relaxes the strands of the growing DNA.
• Topoisomerase, DNA Topoisomerase
16. Irregularities formed in the lagging strand of the growing DNA sequence due to the discontinuous method
of elongation.
• Okazaki Fragments
17. An enzyme in transcription where it supplies the complementary bases to the growing sequence.
• RNA Polymerase
18. Type of RNA that serve as the template code in translation.
• MRNA
19. The three letter sequence in the mRNA used to decode the specific amino acid.
• Codon
20. What site in the large subunit of the ribosome accepts the incoming tRNA? (LETTER ONLY)
•A
21. What enzyme is responsible in methionine movement and peptide bond formation
• Peptidyl Transferase
ANALYSIS 1
Write what only is asked, write all answers in uppercase letters, except for the answers that are in genotype
form. Follow main instructions. NOT FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS WILL GARNER NO POINTS EVEN THE
ANSWER IS CORRECT.
CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE

5’-ATGAAGTTTGGCACTTAA-3’

22. Replicate this DNA strand by encoding the complementary strand. (Include the directionality 5'-3' or 3'-5')
• 3’-TACTTCAAACCGGTGAATT-5’
23. Transcribe the resulting replicant here. (don't include directionality)
• AUGAAGUUUGGCACUUAA
24. Translate the resulting mRNA here using the provided codon chart. Observing the proper way to write the
amino acids.
• MET-LYS-PHE-GLY-THR-STOP
 Assessment for Lesson 5 -Central Dogma of Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Technology
IDENTIFICATION
Write what only is asked, write all answers in uppercase letters, except for the answers that are in genotype
form. Follow main instructions. NOT FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS WILL GARNER NO POINTS EVEN THE
ANSWER IS CORRECT.
4. Is the process of wherein the DNA is replicated and implanted into a recipient cell to create an individual
organism with same traits as the donor organism. *Take note that this question refers only to the organism and
not to the genetic material.*
• Cloning
5. This process is where the DNA is converted to RNA.
• Transcription
6. This process involves the ribosomes and their amino acid chain products.
• Translation
7. The enzyme that creates the peptide bonds between each amino acid sequences.
• Peptidyl Transferase
8. Write the scientific name of the organism where the polymerase in PCR is derived. *Take note that the
scientific name should be written correctly, otherwise the answer will be incorrect* (Indicate if the text is bold
(*), italic (/), or underline (_) by attaching the right symbols. e.g. (*bold*, /italic/, _underline_)
• /Thermus aquaticus/
9. What is the temperature range needed for the denaturation process in PCR? (in degC, provide the number
only)
• 94-98
10. What is the temperature needed for the elongation process in PCR? (in degC, provide the number only)
• 72
11. The process in PCR where the primers from the PCR cocktail attach.
• Annealing
12. The first step to do with a genome when it is needed to be studied or investigated.
• Fractionation, To break up, Fractionate
13. Who invented the PCR protocol? (NAME INPUT SHOULD BE: SURNAME, FIRST NAME MI.)
• Mullis, Kary B.
ANALYSIS
Consider the following DNA strand:

14. Replicate the strand by providing the complementary strand. *Provide the directionality USE THE
APOSTROPHE KEY NOT THE TILDE KEY*
• 5'- GCG ATG CTG CAT GTT TCT ACC CGG GCC CGG TTG CTT AAG CAG GTT GAC GCA TAC
CCT TGG AAT GCA TGA CGC ATT GAC GCA TTG ACG CAT-3'
15. Transcribe the recently produced strand. *Provide directionality USE THE APOSTROPHE KEY NOT THE
TILDE KEY *
• 3’-CGC UAC GAC GUA CAA AGA UGG GCC CGG GCC AAC GAA UUC GUC CAA CUG CGU AUG
GGA ACC UUA CGU ACU GCG UAA CUG CGU AAC UGC GUA-5’
16. Translate your recently produced strand.
• MET-GLY PRO-GLY-GLN-ARG-ILE-ARG-PRO-THR-ALA-TYR-GLY-ASN-LEU-THR-CYS-VAL-THR-
ALA-STOP

• 3’-CGC UAC GAC GUA CAA AG|A UGG GCC CGG GCC AAC GAA UUC GUC CAA CUG CGU AUG GGA
ACC UUA CGU ACU GCG UAA CUG CGU AAC UGC GUA-5’

• 3’-CGC UAC GAC GUA CAA AG| AUG GGC CCG GGC CAA CGA AUU CGU CCA ACU GCG UAU GGG
AAC CUU ACG UAC UGC GUA ACU GCG |UAA CUG CGU A-5’
 Assessment 6: Plant and Animal Development

5. Mode of reproduction which promotes genetic diversity and variation. (Answer only, no need to add the word
reproduction since it is mentioned in the question)
• Sexual Reproduction

6.Part of the male reproductive organ that ascends/descends according to the temperature.
• Scrotum

7.Plants have these structures to have a more genetically diverse population through reproduction.
• Flower

8.This is the layer of blood and tissue that covers the uterine walls of the female reproductive organ during her
cycle.
• Endometrium

9.The part of the female reproductive organ that covers the clitoris.
• Clitoral Hood/ Labia

10.Type of plant tissue where the transport of water and nutrients occur.
• Xylem tissue

11.Type of ground cell tissue that are thin but flexible.

• Parenchyma Cells

12.The plant hormone that causes formation of the apical cell if it is found in high concentration.
• Auxin

13.This type of root system is constructed to have more surface area in the soil.
• Fibrous root system

14.A form of plant tissue that cannot differentiate and divide into new cells due to the condition.
• Permanent Tissue

15.The phenomena where more than one cell impregnated the egg cell.
• polyspermy
16.The phenomenon that occurs in the eggs of animals which have large amounts of yolk in their eggs,
• Yolk Polarity

17.A layer that is composed of glycoproteins and is jelly like in nature.

• zona pellucida

18.The result of the zygote being divided.

• Blastomere