Q1:

Change programs helps the management to control the installation of new process in order to have
better results. Mostly the change programs are considered at the end on the mistakes they don’t focus
on activities but on results. Hammer and Campy considered the change programs and defined the
Business Process engineering as

“It is the change of business processes, business transformation, focus and workplace environment”

b)

Now a days environment is becoming dynamic and company cannot survive if it don’t accept the
change. Change need many things, it can be the change in the processes, could be the design change,
and could be also change in the quality of quantity as per need of customers. They considered the word
“Workplace Environment” the most important as change is just applied by the top management but
have to be followed to the lower level and middle level. By taking the views of employees and
stakeholders can make the change applicable easy and it can make the environment change on ease.
People will work creatively and will feel empowered in doing so. The second important word they
considered is the “Focus”, focusing on the customer needs and wants will make the business more run
over. The change according to the FOCUS can lead the business to higher ranks.

Q2: LEAN:

It is the approach which eliminate the waste materials which actually don’t pay value to your business. It
removes the step which are waste for the process and include the step which is valuable. It helps the
business in

1. Eliminating the process of cycle time

2. Improvement in the service and product time of delivery

3. it also eliminates the generation of defect

4. it cut down the levels of inventory

it is a never ending process of removing waste from the process so it is chain of continuous
improvement

Value of LEAN:

Value is the concept which is related to the customer perception about the product.

The process is something which converts the input to output and it is classified in to three categories

1. Non-Value added activity: these activity don’t add up in the products, it is just the waste which
increase the cost of the product and the customer don’t pay for these waste rather it increase the
dissatisfaction of the customer
2. Value Added Activity: these activities are important for the product and it processes It increase the
quality and productivity of the product

3. Enabling Value added activity: These values don’t add value to the customer but they are important
for the processes.

In any of the above processes 80 to 85% are the non value adding activities and the aim of LEAN is to
eliminate that waste of 80 to 85% non value added activity so it can improve the quality of processes
and products also.

Six SIGMA:

The SIX sigma is the approach of solving problems. It focuses on the customer satisfaction and its goal is
of continuous improvement with less defects.

GOAL

The goal of six sigma is to make the effective process with 99.99996% defect free.
The actual goal is to have the 3.4 defects in a million.

Process of SIX SIGMA

Six Sigma conatins the following process.

The process contains DEFINE: first of all define the problem and the objectives one want to achieve. The
Second is MEASURE: make a list what u want to improve and how can u improve this by measuring
them. Third is to ANAYLZE: take a look on all the processes and define those factors which are actually
influencing he processes rather they are internal or external. Fourth is to IMPROVE: when the problem is
defined and identified improve it at once and make sure the improvement is continuous. The last is
CONTROL: identifying the problem and solving it is not a thing, the actual thing is to make it sustainable
through out. Assurity of improvement must be taken into account,

The most common factors in the LEAN and SIX SIGMA are

Customers

Processes

Employees

The basic objective of both the quality standard is to focus the customer needs at first and eliminate the
mistakes at maximum. After being customer considered they focus on their processes to eliminate the
most waste or mistakes in the processes to make it cost effective and quality made. And on the last they
focus of their employees to make them motivated and feel empowered in doing every goal and
objective.

Q3:

ISO 9001:2015

a)

b)

Verification and Validation

Verification and Validation are those procedures which are independent in nature and they are
commonly used together in order to check the service, product and to specify that whether the
requirement has been met or not. And they see whether the customer needs is being fulfilled or not.
Both of them are the critical components of the ISO 9000.

As per JURAN the TQM is Quality Planning, Quality Control and Quality Improvement and both of the
concepts are aligned clearly because their basic motive is also to improve the quality of the product and
fulfil the customer needs.

Crosby focused on the principle of DOING IT RIGHT AT FIRST TIME. He focused on that performance
standard must have zero defect and the validation and verification also says that they check the service
and products to identify that there is no defect in the pieces and they continuous remain checked in
order to sustain the quality.
Q4: Information Security is the practice to prevent the people for unauthorized access to the
information of the company. It is the prevention of using the confidential information. The confidential
means not to disclose the information to those people which are not known.

Information Security management are necessary for any of the organization as they look after the secret
information of your company and make them secure from both ends physically and non physically. The
trade secrets are one of the big assets of the company and they need to be secure by all means. Leakage
of trade secrets can make the company fall down in the market because all of your information Is being
shared to your competitors.

Information Security Management covers all the operations of Information Technology in the business
as in this era of ONLINE the most important factor is your IT. Business today create, aggregate and store
massive amount of information in their self. So it need to be protected from the competitors.