Piping Hanger Presentation1

Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
KEPRI - LAST
Piping & Hanger
Korea Electric Power Research Institute

Power Generation Research Laboratory
Jung-Seob Hyun
Copyrightⓒ KEPRI-LAST All rights reserved. The Total Solution for Plant Life
KEPRI - LAST
Stress
Analysis
Fatigue Test
Diagnosis of
Piping & Support Data Base
System
KEPRI - LAST
Contents
1. Session 1 : Introduction of Piping System (0.5hr)

Introduction
Damage Examples of Pipe and Supports
2. Session 2 : Design of Piping System (1.0hr)

Introduction
Piping Codes and standards
Basic equations of piping stress analysis
Stress evaluation of piping system
KEPRI - LAST
3. Session 3 : Piping Support System (1.0hr)

Introduction
Support(Hanger) Type & Load System
Damage examples of piping & hanger system
4. Session 4 : On-line Monitoring System of Piping (0.5hr)

Introduction
Development of Measurement Device for 3-D Piping
Displacement
On-line Monitoring Technology
KEPRI - LAST
【 Session 1 : Introduction of Piping System 】
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Damage Examples of Pipe and Supports
1. Introduction Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
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• What is the piping displacement?
- Thermal expansion of Piping Line expands toward 3 axis direction

- Piping hangers support thermal expansion load and deadweight during operation
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• What is the piping supports?
- Hanger, Restraint and Snubber are types of piping support

- If piping support is rigid, it creates excess stress at the piping welding area
2. Damage examples of piping & support Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
KEPRI - LAST
Damage examples of pipe (1)
● Swelling of steam pipe ● Pipe cracks
- in the end of creep life - Excess displacement by
- surface hair crack, swelling frequent start-
start-up, shut-
shut-down
- swelling area - Contacted with concrete floor,
Dia. : 209mm -> 230mm Longitudinal cracks by
Length : 550mm compression stress above
- Since1993, We have managed life allowable stress
consumption -> prevention
of pipe rupture
KEPRI - LAST
Damage examples of pipe (2)
● Pipe Deviation
● Pipe Rupture
- Deviation of main steam and
- Rupture in weld area at
hot reheat line
elbowed pipe
- Damage of hydraulic snubber
- It caused by excess stress
- It caused by abnormal
concentration
displacement of sticked
hangers
KEPRI - LAST
Damage examples of pipe hanger (1)
● Error of cold position setting ● Crack of pipe Lug area
- It needs adjustment of hanger - Crack of pipe lug at rigid
load and cold position when hanger
hanger is installed during the - rigid hanger is installed at 1/3
construction position of vertical pipe line
- Wrong adjustment induced - stress concentration in lug
rigid hanger motion area during the frequent start-
start-up,
- Adjust correct cold position by shut-
shut-down
using the hanger Turnbuckle
KEPRI - LAST
Damage examples of pipe hanger (2)
● high vibration of turbine casing ● Hanger rod rupture

by support deviation - Rod rupture is induced by abnormal
- Abnormal displacement due to displacement and high vibration
support deviation - Crack due to stress concentration
- Deviation and excess vibration of by hanger rod rupture
turbine casing body
- It need to balance pipe support by
adjusting pipe hanger
KEPRI - LAST
Life extension by early detection

and preventive maintenance
of pipe line
m
te
Cracked shape of elbowed pipe Damage of Pipe support
ys
ts
or
● Increase of abnormal displacement
● Rapid increase of technical
pp
supports for piping and support of pipe line
su
&
pe
● Frequent start-up, shut-down ● Abnormal vibration of pipe line
pi
and severe operating condition by damaged supports
of
ce
an
● Replacement of pipe line by cracks in the weld area

en
● Increase of old power plants

nt
above 20 years (about 70%)

ai
M
Importance of
maintenance for piping
● Pipe Swelling in the end of life before the pipe rupture and supports
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Damage mechanism of pipe
• Creep
• Circumferential direction :
- thermal expansion of pipe
- Type Ⅳ crack by creep cavity,
- Bending Stress
• Longitudinal direction :
- internal pressure of pipe
- residual stress in weld area
- swelling in the end of creep damage
• Thermal fatigue or creep-fatigue
• Independent thermal fatigue or
dependent creep-fatigue in
frequently start-up, shut-down
• material degradation
• Creep-fatigue voids, embrittlement,
hardening, softening, corrosion by
material degradation
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Damage mechanism of pipe support (hanger)
• Stick of rotating arm

• It caused by oxide scale because
hanger installed at outside
• Scale over of Travel indicator

• It caused by sticking of rotating arm
or internal spring
• Design error of hanger load,
displacement, thermal movement
• Rupture of hanger spring or Rod

• It caused by surface corrosion,
stress corrosion of hanger spring
• Rod rupture by rigid motion of sticked

hanger in over-loaded pipe line
KEPRI - LAST
【 Session 2 : Design of Piping System 】
Contents
1. Concept of Piping System
2. Piping Codes and standards
3. Basic equations of piping stress analysis
4. Stress evaluation of piping system
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1. Piping Design
1.1 Pipe properties
1) Pipe O.D(I.D) : tolerance
2) Material : Carbon Steel, Alloy steel(A335-P11,P12,P22,P91), Stainless Steel
3) Pipe Wall Thickness : Nominal, Average, Minimum, Maximum
4) Fluid Contents : Steam, Water, Oil, Gas
5) Insulation : Rock wool, Pearlite, Calcium Silicate
6) Modulus of Elasticity : Material, Temp
7) Thermal Expansion Coefficient : Material, Temp
1.2 Design Considerations : Loadings

1) Internal & external Pressure : Design pressure
2) Hammering or Jet Force due to sudden pressure change
3) Deadweight of fluids, pipe, insulation
4) Wind, snowfall, vibration and seismic loads
5) Reaction forces of supports
6) Thermal expansion Loads
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1.3 Design Considerations : Operating Conditions
1) Design condition
- Deadweight(fluids, insulation, valve etc.)
- design pressure
- seismic load
2) Normal operation
- Deadweight
- Internal pressure
- thermal expansion load
3) abnormal operation
- Deadweight
- Internal pressure
- thermal expansion load
- Dynamic loads
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1.4 Design Limits : Stresses
1) Primary stress(by the pressure)

Normal, shear or bending stresses generated
by the imposed loading which are necessary
to satisfy the laws of equibrium of internal
and external forces and moments
- Dead load by the weight
- longitudinal and circumferential stresses due
to internal pressure
2) Secondary stress(by the thermal)
Varying from positive to negative across
the pipe wall thickness because of differential
radial deflection of the pipe wall
- circumferential bending stress in a curved pipe
3) Localized stress
Peak stress due to stress concentration
- stress by local discontinuity + primary + secondary
- a source of direct failure
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1.5 Design Limits : Allowable Stress
1) 62.5% stress of yield stress at operating temperature
2) 0.01% creep stresss during 1,000hr at operating temperature
3) Equation by the ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code
SA = 1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh
-> 1.25 f (Sc + Sh) : include safety factor f
-> 1.25 (Sc + Sh) : generally consider safety factor is “1”
where, Sc : allowable stress of material at ambient temeprature

Sh : allowable stress of material at operating temperature
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2. Piping Codes and Standards

The objective of Code rules and Standards : achieve minimum requirements
for safe construction.
<List of primary standard and specifications>
1) American National Standard Institute(ANSI)
- ANSI B 16.5 : Spec. of piping fitting
2) Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve & Fitting Industry(MSS)
- MSS SP-58 : Material, design, manufacturers of pipe hangers and supports
- MSS SP-69 : Selection and application of pipe hangers and supports
- MSS SP-89 : Fabrication and installation practices of pipe hangers and supports
3) American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME)
- B31.1 : Power piping
- B31.2 : Fuel gas piping
- B31.3 : Chemical plant & petroleum refinery piping
- B31.4 : Liquid petroleum transportation piping
4) American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM)
- Spec. of Piping material
5) American Welding Society(AWS)
6) American Petroleum Institute(API)
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3. Basic Equations of Piping Stress Analysis

ASME B31.1 Analysis of piping components
1) Stress due to sustained loads
2) Stress due to occasional loads

k = 1.15 ( < 10% of 24hr operating period)
= 1.2 (<1% of 24hr operating period)
3) Thermal expansion loads
P : Internal pressure, Do : Outer diameter, tn : Wall thickness, i = stress concentration factor

MA : Moment of sustained loads, MB : Moment of occasional loads,
MC : Moment of thermal expansion loads, f : safety factor, Z : Section modulus of piping
SL : stress summation by sustained loads
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4. Stress Evaluation of Piping System

Piping Analysis Program(Pipepak, ANSYS etc.)
1) Thermal expansion loads

A. Thermal expansion
where, : Thermal expansion movement

: Thermal expansion coefficient
L : Piping length
T : Metal temperature
B. Flexibility of piping
- Check the displacement of piping support(hanger)
- Check distance of supports, support type, pipe length
Computer program Optimal flexibility
C. Thermal stress analysis
- Requirement stress : 65 - 75% of allowable thermal stress SA
- Apply modelling, boundary condition, thermal loads
- Calculate thermal stress by using the piping analysis program
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2) Calculate Thermal Stress ● ASME B31.1 Power Piping Code
● Piping modelling - Isometric

Drawing
● Input loads - sustained loads,

occasional, thermal loads
● Input boundary condition

Boiler, Turbine, supports
● Analysis Dead Weight

- Compare design load
● Analysis displacement/stress
- Compare design data
extra displacement Bad supports
● Simulation
- Cause analysis
● Optimal repair
- Pipe & supports
KEPRI - LAST
KEPRI - LAST
【 Session 3 : Piping Support System 】
Contents
1. Support (Hanger) Type
2. Structure of Piping Supports
3. Inspection of Piping Supports
4. Adjustment of Piping Hanger
5. Replacement of Piping Hanger
6. Damage examples of Hanger
1. Support Type Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
KEPRI - LAST
A. Support deadweight (pipe, insulation, fluids) and thermal expansion loads
- Rigid, Constant Spring and Variable Spring Hanger
B. Restraint 3D movement by the thermal expansion (Anchor, Guide, Stopper)
C. Prevent piping shock by the vibration, hammering occasional loads(Snubber)
KEPRI - LAST
Type Name Functions Installation
Vertical movement is 0mm or
Rigid Hanger
< 2mm
A device used specifically to
Hanger
Spring Hanger sustain a portion of weight of the Vertical movement < 50mm
or
(Variable Hanger) Piping system plus any Load change rate ≤ 25%
Support
superimposed vertical loading.
Vertical movement > 50mm
Constant Hanger
Load change rate ≤ 6%(theory)
Anchor Full fixation
Any device which prevents, resist, Prevent ratation
Guide
Restraint or limits the free thermal movement one direction movement
Restraint of the piping.
Prevent translatory movement
(Stopper)
Spring type
A device primarily intended to resist
Snubber
displacement of the piping due to high resistance against rapid
Brace Hydraulic Snubber The action of any forces other than displacement caused by
Mechanical Snubber those due to thermal expansion or dynamic loads
to gravity.
Shock Absorber
2. Structure of piping supports Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
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2.1 Constant spring hanger
○ Horizontal movement : < 4 degree ( swing )
○ Support constant load
○ Variable support load : ±10%
○ Read vertical movement Indicated by Travel Index Plate
○ Vertical movement : > 50mm
○ Load change rate : Theoretically “0”, but really < 6%
● Lever Type
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Horizontal Type (Old Type)
Installation Hole
of Locking Rod
Vertical Type (New Type)
Horizontal Type (New Type)
Locking Device
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Locking before hydro test
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● How to calculate pipe displacement ?
A. Index plate divided by 10 space
B. Design maximum Travel 140mm, Cold movement : 0, Hot movement : 7
C. Pipe vertical movement : 98mm
- 1 space : 140/10=14mm
- total 7 space : 14×7=98mm
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● Sliding Type
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A. Directly Calculate Index from plate
B. Insert locking device before hydro test
Locking Device
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● Typical damage of constant spring hanger
Locking state during operation Separation Indicator from travel Scale over – Upper/Lower Limit
Locking state during operation Interfere with pipe and hanger Internal corrosion or rust
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2.2 Variable spring hanger
○ Small size, Small weight
○ Sometimes used as Rigid hanger by lock pin
○ Load travel is linear
(indicated by Index Plate)
○ Load change rate : < 25%
○ Vertical movement : < 50mm
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Old Type (locking by Pin Inserting) New Type (Locking by Nut)
Locking Device
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A. Directly Calculate Index from plate
- Read the travel and load values in the name plate at cold and hot position
- Read the lower position of spring plate
B. Insert locking device before hydro test
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● Typical damage of variable spring hanger
Internal corrosion and rust
Locking state Scale over

– It is not locking state in this picture – Upper/Lower Limit
Deviation of installed position
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● Indicator of variable spring hanger
- Read the travel and load values in the name plate at cold and hot position
- Read the lower position of spring plate
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2.3 Other hangers
● Unbalancing loads of rigid hanger rod
* In the case of rigid hanger, it must inspect installation load
● Malfunction of anchor and guide
● Rupture damage of rod
● Damage of snubber
KEPRI - LAST
KEPRI - LAST
Load Variability of Spring Hanger
V = (Wh-Wc) / Wh (%)
Cold Load
Load Variability
Displacement
Hot Load
ex) Variable spring hanger, k =10kg/mm,

δ = 10mm, Wc = 400kg
Pipe displacement Wh, V = ?
3. Inspection of piping supports Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
KEPRI - LAST
3.1 Introduction
1) Preliminary data
○ Isometric Drawing
- position of Hangers
* Isometric drawing must be referred during inspection for confirming
position and installation of piping support
○ Drawing of Pipe Hanger
○ Recording of operating and inspection in the past
2) Inspection time
○ before the O/H (Hot state)
○ during the O/H (Cold state)
* Hanger is inspected minimum 7 days after the plant is shut down
○ After the O/H (Hot state) : in case of adjusting hanger travel
* Indicator position must be recorded before and after overhaul
3) Inspection
(1) External appearance
○ Bolting and nuts area (high vibration area)
○ deformation and rupture of components
○ Locking state
○ interfere with pipe
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3.2 Analysis of inspection results
(1) Recording of indicator travel
○ Recording all items
- Inspection date, power output, pipe line name, hanger number,
hanger specifications, design values
○ Recording cold and hot position of travel without omission on the basis
isometric drawing
○ Use the Excel program for graphing data as possible
* Actual piping displacement is represented with graphs using Excel
program and is compared to that of design displacement
<example>
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(2) Analysis of design and actual displacement for hanger travel
○ Design and actual displacement (normal state)
250
Design displacement
Actual displacement
200
150
100
50
0
C001 C002 C003 C004 C005 C006 C007 C008 C009 C010
160
Design displacement
140 Actual displacement
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
511- 511- 511- 512- 514- 516- 521- 521- 521- 522- 524- 526-
C003 C005 C006 C003 C001 C001 C003 C005 C006 C003 C001 C001
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○ Design and actual displacement (abnormal state)
250
Des ign dis placement
200 Actual dis placement
150
100
50
0
511- 511- 511- 511- 521- 521- 521- 521- 002- 002- 002- 002-
-50
C001 C003 C006 C007 C001 C003 C005 C007 C001 C004 C005 C008
-100
180 Design displacement

Actual displacement
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
C001 C002 C003 C004 C005 C006 C007 C008 C009 C010 C011 C012 C013 C014 C015 C016 C017 C018 C019 C020
-20
-40
4. Adjustment of piping hanger Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
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○ Preliminary action
- Preparation of Scaffolds and Chain block
- Cleaning bolts, nuts and hanger turnbuckle area
○ Recording travel indicator

① Hot state
② Cold state
③ Discussion of adjust method
○ Adjustment of hanger travel

① Adjust hanger travel by using the hanger turnbuckle
· adjust hanger travel : rotate turnbuckle
- From top point(“0”) to bottom point(“10”) : rotate turnbuckle in clockwise
- From bottom point to top point : rotate turnbuckle in counterclockwise
② Adjust hanger load by rotating nuts for using the load change
· adjust hanger load : rotate nuts
- Increase hanger load : rotate nuts in clockwise
- decrease hanger load : rotate nuts in clockwise
③ Observation of adjacent hangers
- From high-elevation to low-elevation
④ Recording travel indicator at final cold position
○ Recording travel indicator at hot state
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5. Replacement of piping hanger Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
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○ Working condition
- Limit position of travel indicator at cold and hot state
(It is impossible to adjust indicator)
- Abnormal position (there is no change travel indicator) at cold/hot state
- Severe corrosion and rust in internal components
- Rod bending
- Crack or rupture of hanger rod or internal spring
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○ Preliminary action
- Preparation of Scaffolds and Chain block
- Cleaning bolts, nuts and hanger turnbuckle area
- Locking hanger
- Install and load chain block
○ Disconnect of old hanger
- Separation of turnbuckle
- Grinding of weld parts
- Move down of old hanger by using the chain block
○ Installation of new hanger
- Confirmation of hanger number with isometric drawing
- Move up of new hanger by using the chain block
- Connection of new hanger and structural attachments
- Connection of new hanger and sling rod
(After connected, remove lock pin)
- Conjunction of turnbuckle and Adjust travel
- Removal of scaffolds and chain block
- Recording of cold travel
6. Damage Examples of Hanger Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
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6.1 Stick of rotating arm
- Main damage of hanger
- It caused by oxide scale because hanger installed at outside
- At operating, indicator is not moved
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6.2 Spring & Rod Rupture of Constant and Spring hanger

- Spring rupture : Outside installed hanger, brittle fracture induced by
surface
corrosion, stress corrosion
- Rod rupture : perfectly stick inside hanger. when it was over-loaded,

neck area of rod is fractured
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6.3 Cracks of Support Lug
- P.T Check of support lug for not moving spring hanger
- crack of weld area
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○ Damage examples of piping & hanger system
A. ULSAN Power Plant #4 Hot Reheat Pipe

B. SAMCHUNPO Power Plant #4 Main Pipe Line
C. Dong-hae Power Plant #1 Main Steam Line
D. Ho-nam Power Plant #2 HP Bypass Line
KEPRI - LAST
A. Damage of Hot Reheat Pipe for ULSAN Power Plant #4
1) History
- After construction, hot reheat pipe is producing excess displacement
in vertical pipe line over 20 years
- From this phenomenon, Pipe is contacted with conctrete floor
- Crack is generated by over stress in welded area of elbow
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2) Displacement and thermal stress analysis
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3) Over Stress
- When elbow of vertical line is contacted with concrete floor,
234% of allowable stress is generated at cracked area
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4) Repair of cracked area
- Welding and heat treatment of cracked area
- Movement up(70mm) of Vertical line by using the hydraulic device and rigid hanger(U12)
- U14, U16, U17, U18 Hanger balancing at cold state
- Digging 100mm concrete floor for stress relaxation
5) Replacement of pipe
- Calculate plastic deformation
- Test of tension, indentation, hardness
- Replacement of 35m pipe line
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B. Damage of Main Pipe Line for SAMCHUNPO Power Plant #4

1) History
○ When HIP shell center line GIB key is released, HIP shell movement of TBN casing
excess limit of movement
○ Movement of Front Standard & Sole Plate
○ high vibration of TBN
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2) Thermal expansion of main pipe line
○ Displacement of hot reheat line and main steam line is unbalancing due to sticked hanger
Shell movement of casing excess limit
Move Front Standard & Sole Plate
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3) Displacement and thermal stress analysis
<Hot Reheat Line>
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Cut and Insert

New Pipe
System2 System3 Deviation System2 System3 Deviation Design

Hanger Hanger Hanger Hanger Deviation
10mm 66mm 56mm 62mm 77mm 15mm 20.8mm
Rehabiliation of Piping design displacement
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C. Damage of Main Pipe Line for Dong-hae Power Plant #1
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51E Hanger (13 Floor)
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D. Damage of Pipe Line for Ho-nam Power Plant #2

- Diagnosis of main pipe hanger (Main Steam, Hot Reheat, Cold Reheat)
- Actual displacement of Main Steam, Hot Reheat Line Hanger is agree with
design displacement
160
90
Design Displacement
Design Displacement
80 140 Actual Displacement
Actual Displacement
70 120
Total Displacement (mm)

60 100
50 80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0
0
-20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 5 10 15 20 25
Main Steam Line Hanger No.
Hot Reheat Line Hanger No.
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- Abnormal displacement of HP Bypass Line 70 Design Displacement
Actual Displacement
60

50
40
30
20
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
HP Bypass Line Hanger No.
2001. 4
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【 Session 4 : On-line Monitoring System of Piping
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Development of Measurement
Device for 3-D Piping Displacement
3. On-line Monitoring Technology
1. Introduction Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
KEPRI - LAST
q To introduce on-line displacement monitoring

system for high temperature piping
q To understand importance of pipe displacement

measurement to provide a high degree of confidence in
piping system
q To introduce an experience that on-line displacement

monitoring system applies to steam piping to measure
pipe displacement
KEPRI - LAST
Objectives
q To introduce on-line displacement monitoring
system for high temperature piping
q To understand importance of pipe displacement

measurement to provide a high degree of confidence
in piping system
q To introduce an experience that on-line

displacement monitoring system applies to steam
piping to measure pipe displacement
2. 3D Disp. Measurement Device
KEPRI - LAST
LVDT type piping displacement measurement
The distance and angles at one point in the spherical coordinate
can be measured and transformed into rectangular coordinate
- Two encoder measures 2 angles Θ and Φ
- One LVDT measures the distance ‘r’
Moving point A
(Universal joint)
A
φ angles θ, φ
(Encoder 2)
Distance
Y r
θ (LVDT)
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Multi-link type piping displacement measurement

1. To minimize any possible error depending on an installation location.
2. To reduce the weight of instruction and cut down cost
- Link l1 and l2 are constant. θ1, θ2 and θ3 is absolute angle that is
measured from encoder.
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Laboratory test
True value Measured value
Test
X Error Error Error
No. Y Z range range range
X (mm) Y (mm) Z (mm)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (%) (%) (%)
1 300 300 300 300.12 +0.04 300.40 +0.13 300.39 +0.13
2 400 400 400 400.09 +0.02 400.22 +0.05 400.23 +0.05
3 250 350 300 249.87 -0.05 350.16 +0.04 300.28 +0.09
4 200 300 400 199.82 -0.09 300.44 +0.15 400.15 +0.03
Two types of equipment have precise measurement
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The demonstration in the field(LVDT type)
Actual displacement at installed

location under full load
X : 22mm
Y : -37 mm
Z : 26mm
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The results of demonstration
Sudden Drop
5times
3. On-line Monitoring Technology Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
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The field application : LVDT type, B fossil power plant
On-line Monitoring
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Monitoring program
Monitor part Control part
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The measured results(LVDT type, ‘B’ fossil power plant)
200
MS2-X
Full Power MS2-Y
MS2-Z
150 MS2-L
MS12-X
Preheat Turbine
of Turbine MS12-Y
Start
Boiler Start MS12-Z
100 MS12-L
Preparation for MS23-X
Hanger
……..
Operation MS23-Y
Unlocking
MS23-Z
Displacement (mm)
50
MS23-L
-50
-100
-150
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Period (day)
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The field application : Multi-link type, ‘T’ fossil power plant
Monitor part
Control part
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The measured results (2th floor, ‘T’ fossil power plant)
piping displacement measurement of ‘T’ fossil power plant (Turbine inlet)

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The measured results (8th floor, ‘T’ fossil power plant)
piping displacement measurement of ‘T’ fossil power plant (Y-piece)

KEPRI - LAST
Re-adjustment of 8th floor, ‘T’ fossile power plant
• Recover steam pipe displacement by re-adjustment of hanger
Before After
Design Design
Compensation Compensation
Measurement Measurement
Conclusion Vision & Passion for Core Tech.
KEPRI - LAST
(1) The study developed an LDVT type and a Multi-link type measurement
device to measure 3-dimensional thermal expansion displacement of the
pipe and developed a program that can measure and monitor obtained data
from the measurement devices on-line.
(2) Three-dimensional data that were gained from the two-type displacement
measurement devices turned out to be similar to the ones in normal
operations from each direction, proving the credibility of the displacement
monitoring system. In the case of ‘P’ fossil plant, piping displacement out
of the designed displacement range was found, indicating that an
adjustment of hanger that is supporting the piping was necessary for
better management of fossil plant durability.
(3) The developed system is expected to greatly contribute to stable

operations of main piping if it is applied to various domestic power plants
and further applied to high-temperature and high-pressure piping such as
in the heat absorption and in the oil-chemistry industry.
KEPRI - LAST
Thank you!
Korea Electric Power Research Institute
(KEPRI)
Jung-Seob Hyun

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Vision & Passion for Core Tech.

Piping & Hanger

Korea Electric Power Research Institute

1. Session 1 : Introduction of Piping System (0.5hr)

2. Session 2 : Design of Piping System (1.0hr)

3. Session 3 : Piping Support System (1.0hr)

4. Session 4 : On-line Monitoring System of Piping (0.5hr)

【 Session 1 : Introduction of Piping System 】

- Thermal expansion of Piping Line expands toward 3 axis direction

- Hanger, Restraint and Snubber are types of piping support

● high vibration of turbine casing ● Hanger rod rupture

Life extension by early detection

● Replacement of pipe line by cracks in the weld area

● Increase of old power plants

above 20 years (about 70%)

• Stick of rotating arm

• Scale over of Travel indicator

• Rupture of hanger spring or Rod

• Rod rupture by rigid motion of sticked

【 Session 2 : Design of Piping System 】

1.2 Design Considerations : Loadings

1) Primary stress(by the pressure)

where, Sc : allowable stress of material at ambient temeprature

2. Piping Codes and Standards

3. Basic Equations of Piping Stress Analysis

1) Stress due to sustained loads

2) Stress due to occasional loads

P : Internal pressure, Do : Outer diameter, tn : Wall thickness, i = stress concentration factor

4. Stress Evaluation of Piping System

1) Thermal expansion loads

where, : Thermal expansion movement

● Piping modelling - Isometric

● Input loads - sustained loads,

● Input boundary condition

● Analysis Dead Weight

extra displacement Bad supports

【 Session 3 : Piping Support System 】

Horizontal Type (New Type)

Locking before hydro test

Old Type (locking by Pin Inserting) New Type (Locking by Nut)

Internal corrosion and rust

Locking state Scale over

Deviation of installed position

ex) Variable spring hanger, k =10kg/mm,

180 Design displacement

○ Recording travel indicator

○ Adjustment of hanger travel

○ Recording travel indicator at hot state

6.2 Spring & Rod Rupture of Constant and Spring hanger

- Rod rupture : perfectly stick inside hanger. when it was over-loaded,

○ Damage examples of piping & hanger system

A. ULSAN Power Plant #4 Hot Reheat Pipe

- U14, U16, U17, U18 Hanger balancing at cold state

- Digging 100mm concrete floor for stress relaxation

- Test of tension, indentation, hardness

- Replacement of 35m pipe line

B. Damage of Main Pipe Line for SAMCHUNPO Power Plant #4

Cut and Insert

System2 System3 Deviation System2 System3 Deviation Design

Rehabiliation of Piping design displacement

C. Damage of Main Pipe Line for Dong-hae Power Plant #1

51E Hanger (13 Floor)

D. Damage of Pipe Line for Ho-nam Power Plant #2