ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND AGRICULTURE

HISTOLOGY LABORATORY REPORT

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m e k o n e n / 0 8 7 3 / 1 2
T e k l e U G R

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Y o r d a n o s U G R / 8 9 9 6 / 1

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D e m i s s i e

TITLE :Observation of examining blood cells

Objective :todifferentiate the morphologyof red blood cell

indifferent species.

the objective is to reveal and develop criteria for the animal

species determination based on the morphometric parameters of
RBCs

Abstractthe main aim is to reveal and develop criteria for the

animal species determination based on the morphology of red
blood cells especially we are supposed to distinguish the species
which has a nucleus in its red blood cell or enucleated. It was
conducted onWhole blood of Equine,Cattle,Dog.

Blood samples were taken from two common site of blood

aspiration (jagular vein and ear vein) after cleaning the area with
alcohol with safe restraining of the donor.

INTRODUCTION

The total number of red cells, and thus the oxygen-carrying

capacity, remains constant over time in healthy animals.

Mature red blood cells have a limited life span; their production
and destruction must be carefully balanced, or disease develops.

The Production of red blood cells begins with stem cells in the
bone marrow and ends with the release of mature red blood cells
into the body’s circulation.

Within the bone marrow, all blood cells begin from a single cell
type called a stem cell.

The stem cell divides to form immature forms of red blood cells,
white blood cells, or a platelet-producing cell.

Those immature cells then divide again, mature even more, and
ultimately become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.
When the number of red blood cells is too low, this is called
anaemia. Having too few red blood cells means the blood carries
less oxygen, resulting in fatigue and weakness.

When the number of red blood cells is too high, which is called
polycythaemia, blood can become too thick, impairing the ability
of the heart to deliver oxygen throughout the body. An animal’s
metabolism is geared to protect both the red blood cells and the
haemoglobin from damage.

But let us see The RBC in These species

In the Equines

The RBC Can be measured in a laboratory using an instrument

called a hemoglobinometer.

It is measured in grams/decilitre (or g/dl). The normal range

for haemoglobin concentration in red blood cells for horse

In the ovine
Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) are widely used as an antigen to
study the immune competence of animals. Since routine
toxicology includes data mainly provided with rat toxicity
studies, there is a need for easy, specific, and reproducible
assays of antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes in the rat

3. In the canines

In a normal dog, 35% to 55% of the blood will be red blood

cells. If the PCV is below 35%, the dog is generally considered
anaemic. Others tests to determine if a dog is anaemic include
the red blood cell count and the haemoglobin account.

Procedure

1. beforewe drop a drop of blood on the slide we gently shacked

the blood sample stored in EDTA.
2. we dropped a drop of blood on our prepared slide by capillary
tube.

3. We used a technique of thin smear to prepare our specimen

and waited until it drys.

4. Then we stained the specimen with Wright's stain and waited

for 3 minutes.
5. After that, we added a distilled water and waited for 5
-8minutes and raised it slowly with tap water. After a moment
the specimen was dried and was prepared for visualization under
a light microscope.
6. Finally, we drop an oil immersion on the specimen and
observe it under a magnification power of 100x.
RESULT

Study of the observed results are

Under Normal circumstance or healthy condition, the Canine

mature erythrocyte of the adult is verylarge, uniform and
biconcave disc or with central pallor morphological structure.
Recognition of the spherocytic shape changes more clearly than
the other species which lack central pallor. Has longer life span.

In Equine under normal circumstance or healthy condition, the

morphology of erythrocyte is relatively smaller and they are
connected to one another. Also lack the central pallor. Therefore,
the identification of sphere shaped or spherocytic-shape is very
difficult to recognize.

Bovine erythrocytes are similar in size to the equine erythrocytes

and have some amount of central pallor (lacking some amount of
central pallor). they are biconcave in shape with width of 5-6
micrometre. Some amount of unequal size(anisocytosis) may
occur.

Chicken and bird have nucleus but we cannot able to see them
due to ability of our microscope (need electron microscope to
see clearly) and cannot able to get the blood sample respectively.

Ovine erythrocytes are smaller than the other which are

displaced faraway from each other relatively comparing to other
species erythrocytes. The size of the red blood cells of ovine is
very smaller and the very smaller size makes the cells to be
interpreted erroneously. Therefore, the cell cannot be interpreted
and analysed easily as that of bovine cells or red blood cells and
can’t be interpreted by with instruments calibrated for the study
ad interpretation of other blood cells.
Discussion

The result shows that morphology OF RBC is species-

dependent. For example as compared to Bovine(cattle) ,
canines(dog) RBC is larger and concave in shape and small in
number ,while RBC of Bovine is biconcave or nearly spherical
in shape. Equine(horse) has a similar morphology of RBC as the
rest of the species except a shallowconcavity of RBC. In
addition, the RBC of dogs, cattle and horses do not pose a
nucleus.

Conclusion

This research allow us to conclude that morphology of RBC is helpful

to differentiate the animal species like that of canine, ovine, and
horse. As well as it is important for this observation of blood because
in order to examine or identify the samples any experiment