nfyr dh xyh

y?kq miU;kl
vdkYifud (Non-Fiction)
lR; ?kVukvksa ,oa lR; pfj=ksa ij vk/kkfjr

ys[kd%&
fuf[ky lcykfu;k

fuf[ky lcykfu;k ifCyds'kUl

www.nspmart.com

i
çFke laLdj.k % ckS) o"kZ (B.E.) 2562 ¼bZlk o"kZ C.E. 2019½

lokZfèkdkj lqjf{kr&bl iqLrd ds lHkh vfèkdkj çdk'kd ds ikl

lqjf{kr gSa vkSj bl iqLrd dk fdlh Hkh çdkj iqu% fuekZ.k djuk
tSls fd QksVks dkWih] ohfM;ks ;k vkWfM;ks fjdkfM±x] QksVks ds }kjk ;k
iqu% çdk'ku djuk çfrcafèkr gSA

çdk'kd ,oa forjd%&

Nikhil Sablania Publications
fuf[ky lcykfu;k çdk'ku
B - 3-72, Sector-11, Rohini,
Delhi-110085
Mobile: 8851188170, 8447913116, 8527533051
Email: info@nspmart.com, sablanian@gmail.com

nfyr dh xyh
¼y?kq miU;kl½
vdkYifud Non-Friction
ys[kd%&
fuf[ky lcykfu;k
ISBN : 978-81-937683-9-6

eqæd%& Hkkjr Hkw"k.k izSl

ii
 fo"k; lwfp
çkDdFku v
Hkkx ,d % nso uxj 1
Hkkx nks % ukS lkS lrjg 7
Hkkx rhu % lwuh xfy;k¡ 15
Hkkx pkj % ch&Cykd ikdZ uacj nks 22
Hkkx ik¡p % dcwrj[kkuk 27
Hkkx Ng % muds cPps vkSj gekjs cPps 30
Hkkx lkr % gekjh efgyk,a vkSj mudh efgyk,a 36
Hkkx vkB % ej?kV ;k nfyrksa dh cfLr;k¡ 38
Hkkx ukS % nfyr dh csVh 42
Hkkx nl % lÙkk vkSj u'ks dk O;kikj 46
Hkkx X;kjg % O;kikj dh jkg 50
Hkkx ckjg % èkeZ ifjorZu 53
milagkj 58

iii
esjk ;g miU;kl lefiZr gS mu vufxur nfyrksa
dks tks fganqoknh uhfr;ksa pyrs rax cfLr;ksa esa de
vk;q esa gh ekSr ds eq¡g esa pys x,A eSa lyke
djrk gw¡ mu nfyrksa dks ftUgksaus ,slh dky
dksBjh uqek cfLr;ksa esa Hkh vius thou dks
lajf{kr djds j[kk vkSj viuh vkus okyh ih<+h
dks ,d u;k thou fn;kA

iv
 çkDdFku
yxHkx Ng o"kks± ds Hkhrj fy[kk x;k ;g miU;kl iw.kZr% lR;
?kVukvksa vkSj lR; pfj=ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA dksbZ ikBd ;g ç'u
djsxk fd vkf[kj ,d y?kq miU;kl fy[kus esa bruk oä D;ksa yxk\
bl miU;kl dks eSaus tc fy[kuk çkjEHk fd;k rc esjh mez cÙkhl
o"kZ dh Fkh vkSj vc eSa mUrkyhl ikj dj pqdk gw¡A cÙkhl o"kks± dh
;knksa dks ,d ne ls dSls fudkyk tk ldrk gS \ dqN ;knsa vkrh gSa
rks mUgsa fy[kus ds ckn fQj ls ,d Le`fryksi lk gks tkrk gSA ;knksa
dks nksgjkus vkSj mls ys[kuh yk;d cukus esa le; yxrk gSA ;g
esjh ;knsa gSa ij esjh thouh ughaA gk¡ dqN ckrsa esjs thou ls tqM+h
gSaA
bls fy[kus dh çsj.kk eq>s dbZ rjg ls feyhA ,d ckj ys[kd
MkW- lq[k yky /kuh th us dgk fd nfyr dqN fy[krs gh ugha gSA
tks fy[kk MkW- vEcsMdj th us fy[kkA vkt ds le; esa D;k gks jgk
gS vkusokyh ihf<+;ksa dks dSls irk pysxkA mudh ckr esjs fnekx esa
?kj dbZ xbZA vkSj eSaus bl miU;kl ds ek/;e ls nfyrksa dh ,d
cLrh dk fiNys rhl lkyksa dk bfrgkl fy[kkA ;g gkyk¡fd ,d
miU;kl gS] ij bfrgkl dk Hkh ,d fgLlk gSA bfrgkl dsoy lÙkk
;k jktuhfr dk gh ugha gksrkA yksxksa dk thou Hkh ,d bfrgkl gh
gSA
,d ckj eSa ,d lsfeukj esa x;kA ogk¡ nfyr lkfgR; fcd jgk
FkkA nks egk'k; vk, vkSj ckrsa cukus yxs fd yks vktdy lkfgR;
Hkh nfyr gks x;kA eq>s mudh ckr ij gSjkuh gqbZA tc fo'o esa

v
vfÝdh ewy ds yksxksa ds lkfgR; dh fof'k"B igpku gS] ukjhoknh
lkfgR; dh vyx igpku gS] vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd cky lkfgR; Hkh gS
rks nfyr lkfgR; ls fdlh dks D;k ijgst gSA vly esa ,sls yksx
pkgrs gh ugha fd dksbZ nfyr ¼vuqlwfpr tkfr dk O;fä½ viuh
ckr fy[ksA os tc mldh ckr fy[ksaxs] ljdkj ls /ku ywVsaxs] yksxksa
dh okg&okgh ik,axs vkSj nqfu;kHkj ds lkfgR; mRloksa esa ?kweus tk,axs
rks vius lkfgR; dks xoZ ls nfyr lkfgR; crk dj is'k djsaxsA ij
;fn nfyr O;fä fy[ks rks ,slk mls ugha djuk pkfg,A ,sls yksx
vkSj dqN ugha cfYd vius /keZ 'kkL=ksa ds fo/kku ds eqrkfcd gh ckr
dgrs gSA vkf[kj ,d nfyr cqf)thoh cu tk, ;g ,sls yksxksa dks
dSls Hkk,xk D;ksafd muds xzaFkksa esa bldk fojks/k gSA
ikBdksa ls vuqjks/k gS fd og bl miU;kl dks [kqys fnekx ls
ysA lekt esa laokn gksuk pkfg,A ;g miU;kl ,d laokn gSA muds
lkFk Hkh tks blds pfj= gSa vkSj muds lkFk Hkh tks FkksM+h cgqr
ekuork j[krs gSaA esjh bl miU;kl ls eq[; vis{kk ;gh gS fd oafpr
rcds dks Hkh ogh lk/ku vkSj volj feys tks prqj vkSj fo'ks"k
yksxksa dks feyrs gSaA

vi
 Hkkx ,d
nso uxj
cpiu fnYyh esa nso uxj ds vius ukuk Kku pUn ds edku
esa 'kq: fd;kA vPNk cM+k dejk Fkk ij esjh utj vkl ikl ds
edkuksa ij jgrh FkhA cM+k gqvk rks irk pyk fd og edku iatkc
ls vk, 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds FksA cgqr cf<+;k edku FksA cM+k xsV] [kwc isM+
ikSèks vkSj xkM+h Hkh [kM+h gksrh FkhA vHkh dqN fnuksa igys ek¡ us crk;k
fd og edku igys pekjksa dks vaxzstksa ds tekus esa feys FksA og
xjhc vkSj vui<+ FksA 'kknh C;kg dtkZ ys dj djrs FksA cgqr de
iSls esa iatkc ls vk, [k=h 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks fxjoh j[ks FksA u vDy]
u iSlk] u f'k{kk vkSj u gh lkekftd :rck vkSj nc&nckA ogha
iatkc ls vk, [k=h Hkys gh 'kj.kkFkhZ Fks ij muds ikl vPNk iSlk]
f'k{kk] og Hkh dke èkaèks dh vkSj lkekftd :rck vkSj nc&nck] lc
FkkA gk¡] lkekftd Hkkouk ugha] ij ykyp FkkA edku x,] fQj irk
ugha og pekj dgk¡ pys x,A ek¡ bruk gh tkurh gSA
ukuk th dh ljdkjh ukSdjh FkhA irk ugha D;ksa ij xkM+h t#j
?kj ds lkeus [kM+h gksrh FkhA jkst lqcg og vkWfQl tkus ls igys
eq>s vkSj vius HkkbZ bZ'oj pUn [kksjoky ds cPpksa dks xkM+h dh ,d
NksVh lSj ij ys tk;k djrs FksA muds rhu cPps Fks & lcls cM+h
yM+dh ckyk tks fd vHkh iSarhl dh gks xbZ gksxh vkSj mldh vHkh
rd 'kknh ugha gqbZ gS] mlls NksVk yM+dk dkdw ftldk fd eq[; uke
'kk;n eqds'k Fkk vkSj tks fd tokuh 'kq: djus ls igys gh 'kjkc
1
vkSj xqV[ks dh yr ls ej x;k] ij esjs fglkc ls og xjhch] vf'k{kk
vkSj detksj lkekftd psruk dk f'kdkj gks dj ej x;k vkSj ,sls
gh fdrus nfyr ;qod tokuh iwjh djus ls gh igys gh ej tkrs gSaA
lquk gS fd gekjh jSxj tkfr esa igys dkQh psruk FkhA 'kk;n bldk
dkj.k vkfFkZd cy FkkA ek¡ crkrh gS fd nso uxj vaxzstksa ds clk,
gq, Fks ftl ls fd peM+s dk dke dj ldsaA igys lkjs nso uxj esa
peM+s dh [kkysa yVdh gksrh FkhA gekjh tkfr ds yksx [kkyksa ds cM+s
lsB O;kikjh FksA ckn esa tc fgUnw foHkktu ds ckn vk, rks mUgksaus
ukd eq¡g cukuk 'kq: dj fn;kA vaxzstksa dk jkt tk pqdk Fkk vkSj
vc lÙkk czgke.kksa dh dk¡xzsl ljdkj ds gkFk esa FkhA ge fgUnqvksa ds
fglkc ls NksVh tkfr ds gSaA ij lp rks ;g gS fd tc ge fgUnw gh
ugha gS rks tkfr dgk¡ ls vk xbZ vkSj NksVs dSls gks x, \ le; ds
lkFk tc eSa cM+k gqvk rks mu yksxksa ds laidZ esa vk;k ftUgsa Å¡ph
tkfr dk dgk tkrk gS] ij og lc eq>s vthc ls yxsA fdlh ij
iSlk vR;kfèkd gkoh Fkk] fdlh ij #rcs dh pkg] dksbZ dkeqdrk dk
ekjk rks dksbZ xzgksa u{k=ksa dkA dksbZ Hkh lkekftd ugha FkkA lc
ijs'kkuA gekjs yksxksa dks nso uxj ls chl fdyksehVj dke ds fy,
[knsM+ fn;k x;kA nwljs fgUnqvksa dh lkekftd lkft'k dk gfFk;kj
vk;Z lekt] vFkkZr fgUnw cuus dh lnL;rk] ftldh fd dher Fkh
fd mudh xqykehA gekjs dqN ew[kZ yksx muds bl "kMîa= dk f'kdkj
gks x,A le> ugha ik, fd ekal] tkuoj vkSj peM+k mudh fdruh
cM+h rkdr Fkh vkSj NksM+ fn;k ml dke dksA cu x, muds xqykeA
og rks MkW- Hkhe jko vEcsMdj th dh cnkSyr dqN yksxksa dks
ljdkjh ukSdfj;k¡ fey xbZ ojuk ml le; esa [kf=;ksa us ftl
2
j¶rkj ls vkSj èkeZ dh lgk;rk ls fnYyh dh t+ehu] dke èkaèkksa vkSj
ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa ij dCtk tek;k Fkk] okYehfd] jSxj] pekj]
[kVhd] èkksch] iklh] Mkse] vkfn 'kk;n vkt oSls gh gksrs tSls fd
lkalh] uV vkfn yksxksa dk gky gS ftUgsa fd u gh rks vaxzst jkt dh
enn feyh vkSj u gh dksbZ etcwr nfyr lekt dhA
igys vxj nfyr lekt fgUnqvksa dk xqyke Fkk vkSj vius
lekt ds fy, dqN ugha dj ikrk Fkk rks vc og ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa
dk xqyke cu pqdk FkkA nfyrksa ds T;knkrj mu dke èkaèkksa dks ftuls
fd og etcwr curs Fks èkkfeZd "kMîa= ds tfj,] mUgsa lkekftd
cfg"dkj dk Mj fn[kk dj [kqn gh NksM+us ij etcwj dj fn;k x;k
vkSj og ftuls u gh rks dksbZ etcwrh vkrh Fkh vkSj tks fd 'kkjhj
ds fy, ?kkrd Fks tSls fd lQkbZ dk dke] ,sls dke ;g dg dj
lkekftd #rcs dk çyksHku ns dj djok, xk, fd buls c<+ dj rks
nqfu;k esa dksbZ nwljk dke ugha gSA dkSu dgrk gS fd vkj{k.k [kRe
gksxkA tc rd jgsxk nfyr fgUnqvksa ds xqyke jgsaxsA vc ;g fdlh
dke ds ugha jgsA buesa ls vf/kdka'k O;kikj èkaèks ds yk;d ugha gSA
u buds ikl èku gS u lkekftd psrukA u fn'kk gS u MkW-
vEcsMdjA
rks ge lHkh dks xkM+h dh lSj esa cM+k etk vkrkA bZ'oj th]
tks fd vHkh thfor gh gSa ¼bl miU;kl dks iwjk fy[kus rd ej pqds
Fks½ vkSj lquk gS fd t;iqj esa ?kkV xsV ds jSxjksa ds eksgYys okys ml
,d NksVs ls dejs esa vius thou ds fnu xqtkj jgs gSa tgk¡ muds
ekrk&firk us uydksa dh Bsdsnkjh dk dke NksM+ dj dckM+h dk dke

3
djrs gq, viuh ftUnxh fcrkbZ vkSj fQj og dqN lkyksa esa gekjh
ek¡ dh ,d cqvk dk vkSj muds dqN cPpksa dk Hkh vkljk cuk]
mudh ,d NksVh iq=h Hkh gS] ftls fd dkspjh cqykrs FksA mlds ckjs
esa eq>s dqN irk ughaA og rc cgqr gh NksVh FkhA mls Hkh lSj esa cM+k
etk vkrk FkkA esjk Ldwy xzs fQYM uke dk ,d NksVk lk Ldwy Fkk
tks fd vkt Hkh puk ekfdZV esa gS vkSj vc fLçaxMsYl cu x;k gSA
Ldwy dksbZ xksjs jax dh vkSj irys psgjs dh iSus uSu uD'kksa okyh
efgyk pykrh Fkh tks fd çèkkukpk;kZ Hkh FkhA eSa jkst lqcg mUgsa
bafXy'k esa xqM ekWfu±x dh txg rqryk dj MqM ekWfu±x dg nsrk FkkA
og dkQh vPNh vkSj I;kj ds LokHkko okyh efgyk FkhA Ldwy ekuksa
cl dejksa dk dSn[kkuk gksA u [ksy dk eSnku vkSj u nkSM+us Hkkxus
dh txgA cPps Hkh cgqr gh 'kjkjrhA ,sls gh ,d fMCcs uqek fjD'ks
ls ?kj ij ykn fn;k tkrkA ?kj dk NksVk dejk] Ldwy dh Dykl dk
NksVk dejk Fkk vkSj fjD'ks dk NksVk fMCckA ij ,d fnu ?kj okys
,d nwljh txg ys x,A eq>s jkr dh ;kn gSA Åij ,d NksVk lk
dejk ftl ij iyLrj Hkh ugha FkkA [kqys fctyh ds rkj ds lgkjs
,d cYc fiyh jkS'kuh ns jgk FkkA dejs esa ,d i<+us dh Vscy vkSj
,d dqlhZ FkhA ,d ewaNksa okyk vkneh FkkA crk;k x;k fd og esjk
cM+k ekek gSA eq>s le> ugha vk;k fd ;g ekek dgk¡ ls vk x;kA
vly esa og i<+kbZ ds fy, mlh edku esa jg dj i<+ jgs FksA
chp dh dqN ;knsa gSa ij fudkyuk eqf'dy gSA cl bruk ;kn
gS fd ,d fnu ukuk th ds lkFk eSa nso uxj okys edku ij mudh
thi esa x;k tgk¡ mUgksaus vius ml dejs dks rkyk yxk fn;k ftlesa

4
ge jgrs FksA dqN ckr vius NksVs HkkbZ bZ'oj ds lkFk dh vkSj ge
ogk¡ ls py fn,A ukuk th jkr esa ekfy'k okys ls ekfy'k djokrs
FksA vPNs bL=h fd, gq, lQkjh lwV igurs FksA ikl esa ,d ukbZ Fkk
ftlls fd og vDlj cky dVokrs FksA vk¡xu dejs ls cM+k Fkk
ftlesa tyscs ¼'kgrwr½ dk isM+ Fkk ftl ij eksVs&eksVs dkys tyscs
¼'kgrwr½ yxrs FksA ?kj ds vkxs cM+k jksM+ Fkk ftldk uke VSad jksM+
gSA ?kj ds lkeus ukFkh ukuh jgrh Fkh ftls fd ukFkh [kVhduh ds
uke ls iqdkjk tkrk FkkA [kVhd ekal dk dke djus okys dks dgrs
gSaA ukFkh ukuh cgqr cf<+;k ehV dh Hkkth cukrh FkhA fljh] ik,]
QsQM+s vkfnA eq>s rks I;kj ls lhjh ¼cdjs ;k HksM+ dk ew¡g½ dh mrjh
nquh ¼Hkquh½ gqbZ [kky [kkus dks nsrh ftlds iSls Hkh ugha ysrhA eS cM+s
pko ls [kk;k djrk FkkA cpiu ls eq>s nwèk vkSj ekal dk cM+k 'kkSd
gSA ge ogk¡ [kwc gksyh eukrs Fks tks fd eSa vc ugha ekurkA vkneh
çse esa ikxy ls gks dj dSls vkSjrksa ds lkFk gksyh [ksyrs Fks vkSj
'kk;n vkSjrksa dks Hkh og vPNk yxrk FkkA ij fgnqvksa ds bu R;kSgkjksa
dk nfyrksa ds chp esa çpyu fganh fQYesa ns[k&ns[k dj T;knk gqvk
gS vkSj fganh fQYeksa ds vfèkdka'k ys[kd vkSj funsZ'kd czgke.k gq,
gSa ftUgksaus fdlh fe'kujh dh Hkkarh tkus vutkus esa vius èkeZ dk
çpkj fd;kA rks bruk lcdqN NksM+ dj ukuk th ogk¡ ls tk jgs FksA
esjk eu ml le; mnkl FkkA eq> ls esjk lalkj fNu jgk FkkA ckn
esa ukuk th ds e¡>ys HkkbZ lwjtHkku us rkyk rksM+ dj ml dejs ij
Hkh dCtk dj fy;k vkSj fQj ckn esa mlls NksVs lqjs'k us rks og
gM+i gh fy;kA chl lky rd dsl pyk] ,d ljnkj [k=h odhy us
ukuk th dh dekbZ dk eksVk fgLlk gM+ikA ij lp rks ;g gS fd
5
gekjs ukuk th ,d vlyh nfyr Fks tks fd lcds }kjk ew[kZ cuk
fn, tkrs FksA ftanxh Hkj mUgsa :i;s iSls ls T;knk xe bl ckr dk
jgk fd HkkbZ&HkkbZ u jgk vkSj u cgu&cgu u jghA tekuk cny
pqdk FkkA vc lekt ugha FkkA flQZ iSlkA vkSj Åij ls dk¡xzslh
ljdkj vkSj mldh neudjh czãk.koknh uhfr;k¡A

6
 Hkkx nks
ukS lkS lrjg
nso uxj NksM+ dj ,d ubZ nqfu;k esa ços'k fd;kA ml fnu
ukuk th ds lkFk nso uxj ds dejs dks rkyk yxkus vkSj fQj mlds
ckn ubZ txg esa jgus pys tkus dh ;knsa cgqr xgjkbZ esa nch iM+h
gSaA ;kn vkrk gS fd ukuk th dh esVkMksj esa cSB dj eSa ogk¡ x;k
FkkA ml le; dh tks ;knsa gSa muesa dqN [k+kl gS ukS lkS lrjg
¼917½A ukS lkS lrjg mu fnuksa Mh-Vh-lh- dh cl eknh iqj ls nso
uxj ds chp pyk djrh FkhA ;knksa dks Hkh 'kk;n txg dh mruh gh
t:jr gksrh gS ftruh fd balku dksA tSls bUlku dk ftLe [kqyh
txg ij vkuafnr gks tkrk gS] cM+h vkSj fo'kky txgksa dks ns[k dj
>we mBrk gS] oSlh gh balku dh ;knsa Hkh gksrh gSaA tSls fdlh rax
txg ij balku dk 'kjhj ?kqVus yxrk gS vkSj ogk¡ ls nwj Hkkxus ds
fy, NViVkus yxrk gS 'kk;n oSlh gh ;knsa Hkh gSaA ;knksa dks Hkh
[kqysiu dk ,glkl pkfg, gksrk gSA blhfy, ml fnu nso uxj
NksM+us ds ckn dh esjh tks ;knsa gSa muesa Hkh fiNyh ;knksa esa gS eknh
iqj dk cl LVSaM vkSj ukS lkS lrjg cl uacjA
jkst lqcg eEeh vkWfQl ds fy, rS;kj gks dj eq>s Hkh vius
lkFk Ldwy NksM+us ds fy, ys tkrh tks fd vHkh ogha puk ekfdZV
okyk FkkA 'kk;n mUgha fnuksa eq>s ;g irk pyk fd esjk Ldwy puk
ekfdZV esa gSA lqcg&lqcg rS;kj gks dj eSa vkSj eEeh Mh-Vh-lh- ds
cl LVSaM ij vk tkrsA cl LVSaM cgqr cM+k vkSj [kqyk&[kqyk yxrk
7
FkkA 'kk;n mlh le; eSaus Mh-Vh-lh- cl esa lQj djuk 'kq: fd;k
FkkA og cM+h&cM+h lh yxrh FkhA eq>s Mjkouh ij vPNh yxrh FkhA
lqcg&lqcg yksx LVSaM ds ,d rjQ ukS lkS lrjg cl ds fy, ykbZu
yxkrs Fks rks nwljh rjQ fdlh vkSj ds fy,A cM+k gqvk rks irk pyk
fd nwljh rjQ yksx ukS lkS pkSgÙkj ¼974½ ds fy, ykbZu yxkrs Fks
tks fd MkW- vEcsMdj uxj tkrh FkhA rc eSaus igyh ckj vEcsMdj
'kCn lquk FkkA tc dHkh eEeh ;g crk;k djrh fd dSls fgUnqvksa ds
}kjk ge ls vkSj gekjs peM+s ds dke ls ?k`.kk djus ds dkj.k peM+s
dh cukbZ vkSj jaxkbZ dk dke nso uxj ls cUn djok fn;k x;k Fkk
vkSj fgUnqvksa ds lkekftd cfg"dkj vkSj ?k`.kk ls rax vk dj dqN
yksxksa us ;g dke lnk ds fy, NksM+ fn;k Fkk rc og MkW- vEcsMdj
uxj dk Hkh ftØ djrh fd peM+s ds dke dks czgke.kksa dh dk¡xzslh
ljdkj us ogk¡ rCnhy dj fn;k FkkA ij nwj gksus dh otg ls] cgqr
ls jSxj vkSj pekj tks fd bl dke dks dj jgs Fks vkSj cgqr vPNh
dekbZ dj jgs Fks] muds fy, nwj tk dj dke djuk equkflc u
jgkA gj dke èkaèks ds vius&vius lu lkèku gksrs gSa vkSj dke dks
mtkM+uk yksxksa dks mtkM+us ds cjkcj gSA ij dk¡xzsl ljdkj mu
fgUnqvksa dk usr`Ro djrh gS vkSj lÙkk gkfly djus ds fy, nfyr
vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+s lEekt dks ew[kZ cukrh gSA rks og lc ykbZu
yxk dj ukS lkS pksgÙkj esa p<+ dj MkW- vEcsMdj uxj peM+s dk
dke djus tkrs FksA ckn esa esjs ,d cpiu ds pekj fe= us crk;k
Fkk fd muds cgqr ls fj'rsnkj MkW- vEcsMdj uxj jgrs FksA nks lky
igys eSa nfyr ys[kd MkW- ,l-,y- ¼lq[k yky½ èkuh th ls feyus
x;kA og Hkh pekj gSaA muds ?kj tkrs gq, eSaus dbZ lkyksa ckn clksa
8
ij vEcsMdj uxj fy[kk gqvk ns[kkA yxHkx chl lky cknA lkjh
;knsa fnekx esa ?kqeM+ iM+hA vkSj vc eSa MkW- vEcsMdj th ls u flQZ
ifjfpr Fkk cfYd muds vuds ys[kksa dk vè;Uu djrs&djrs dkQh
lkjh ckrsa le>us Hkh yxk FkkA esjh utjksa us mu clksa esa ls ukS lkS
pksgÙkj uacj dh cl dks [kkstuk pkgk ij og ugha feyh] fQj lkspk
fd 'kk;n uacj cny x;k gks] rks [kkstuk pkgk fd 'kk;n fdlh ij
eknh iqj fy[kk gksA ij og Hkh ugha feykA laidZ VwV pqdk FkkA eknh
iqj vkSj MkW- vEcsMdj uxj dkA eknh iqj] MkW- vEcsMdj uxj
vkSj nso uxj dkA fnYyh cny xbZ gSA tgk¡ dHkh nfyrksa dh tkfr;ka
u flQZ esgur etnwjh djrh Fkh cfYd O;kikj èkaèkk Hkh djrh Fkh og
nfyrksa fd fnYyh mtM+ pqdh gSA fnYyh dk ;g bfrgkl vkt eSa
igyh ckj fy[k jgk gw¡A nfyrksa dk fnYyh dk bfrgkl Hkh 'kk;n eSa
gh vkt igyh ckj fy[k jgk gw¡A eSa nfyr gw¡A nnZ lgk gSA ;g ys[ku
mldh ihM+k gSA nfyr nck gS ij [k+Re ugha gqvk gSA dgrs gSa fd
fnYyh lkr ckj mtM+hA ij 'kk;n fdruh gh ckj vkSjA nfyrksa dh
fnYyh dk bfrgkl ugha gSA nfyrksa dks fdruh gh ckj mtkM+k x;kA
ij ,d vkSj fnYyh clh gSA MkW- vEcsMdj uxj ds bZnZ&fxnZ nks ckrsa
mHkj dj vkrh gSA ,d rks gS Hkkjr ds ncs dqpys lekt cgqla[;d
nfyr vkSj fiNM+s lekt dh cgqla[k;k dk tjk lh txg ij
NksVs&NksVs ?kjksa] rax xfy;ksa okys ekSgYyksa ftudh fd dHkh ejEer
ugha dh tkrh] esa ?kqV&?kqV dj jgukA dqN edku Bhd&Bkd gSa rks
xfy;k¡ rax vkSj [kLrk gkykr esa gSaA dqN ekSgYys cgqr gh NksVs&NksVs
edkuksa ds dk¡xzsl ikVhZ }kjk clk, gq, gSaA 'kk;n ;gk¡ Le`fr;k¡ tUe
ugha ysrhA ij tks nwljh ?k`.kkLin ckr utj vkrh gS og gS fgUnw]
9
fl[kksa vkSj tSfu;ksa ds cM+s&cM+s QkeZ gkml tks fd bl bykds dk
bruk cM+k fgLlk dCt+k fdk, cSBs gSa ftlesa fd nfyr vkSj fiNM+s
lekt dh dbZ tkfr;ksa ds yk[kksa yksx jgrs gSa] vkSj muds bykdksa ls
Hkh cM+s] bu QkeZ gkmlksa ds bykds esa ,d gtkj yksx Hkh ugha jgrs
gksaxs ij ,d rhljh ckr Hkh tks MkW- vEcsMdj uxj bykds ds
bZnZ&fxnZ ns[kus dks feyrh gS] og gS lsuk dh Nkofu;ka vkSj çf'k{k.k
f'kfojA ij ;g lsuk fdldh lqj{kk dj jgh gS \ Hkkjr ds cgkj ds
fdlh vkSj vkØe.kdkjh dh ;k bu QkeZ gkmlksa esa jgus okyksa dhA
vHkh gky gh esa fdlh vnkyr us fnYyh ds nkS lkS pkyhl QkeZ
gkmlksa dks fu;fer dj fn;k gSA ,slk dkSulk fu;e gS tks fd ;g
dgrk gS fd yk[kksa balkuksa ds jgus dh txg esa ,d gtkj balkuksa dks
jgus dh txg nh tk, \ tfLVl oh-vkj- —".k v¸;j ¼tks fd
czkã.k gSa½ us viuh ,d iqLrd esa ftØ fd;k gS fd dSls lqçhe dksVZ
ds cgqr ls ttksa us nf{k.kh fnYyh esa cuh cM+h&cM+h dksBh okys
ekSgYyksa ds eqdíeksa esa u flQZ xSj&ftEesokjuk cfYd vijkfèkd
joS;k viuk;k x;k vkSj vius Åaps #Rcksa dk Qk;nk mBk dj fnYyh
esa cM+h&cM+h txg okys ekSgYys cukus okyksa dks] dkuwu dk laj{k.k
blhfy, fn;k D;ksafd buesa ls dbZ ?kj Hkkjr ds çeq[k ttksa ds FksA
mUgksaus tkfrokn dh Hkh fuank dh] ij pwd x, fd bldk cM+k dkj.k
tkfrokn T;knk gSA Å¡ph tkfr vFkkZr fgUnw] lekt ds mu 'kks"kdksa
dk xqV gS tks fd nfyr] vkfnoklh vkSj 'kwæksa dk 'kks"k.k djrs gSaA
lekt ds bu rhu phFkM+ksa dh rjDdh dk vFkZ gS fd og dgha u
dgha 'kks"kd cu tkrs gSaA tSls fd dksbZ 'kwæ fiNM+k ;kno baMLVªh
yxkrk gS rks mls e'khuksa ij dke djus ds fy, de&ls&de esa
10
balku <w¡<us iM+saxsA pw¡fd O;kikj ds dbZ Lrjksa tSls dh [kqnjk O;kikj]
QqVdj O;kikj] fu;kZr vkSj ekyokgh ds lkèkuksa ij] dqN tkfr;ksa ds
fgUnqvksa] Å¡ph tkfr ds ljnkjksa] tSfu;ksa] ikjfl;ksa vkSj Å¡psa eqlykekuksa
dk T;knk dCtk gS] ftldh otg ls mls Hkh mUgha ds tSlk 'kks"kd
cukuk iM+sxk tSls fd og lc gSaA rc gh mls dqN equkQk gksxk vkSj
og vkxs O;kikj dj ik,xkA nfyrksa esa Hkh dqN yksx 'kks"kd oxZ dk
fgLlk cu tkrs gSa ij rc Hkh fgUnw èkeZ dh Øwjrk mudk lkFk ugha
NksM+rhA vkneh rks viuh tkfr cny ugha ldrk vkSjrksa ds fy, ;g
vklku gS fd og fdlh fgUnw ls 'kknh dj ys tks fd Å¡ph tkfr dk
gS ftlls fd og yqIr gks tk,A tSls 'kkjhfjd cykRdkj dh f'kdkj
efgyk lekt esa viuk eq¡g fn[kkus ls ?kcjkrh gS pw¡fd lekt mlls
Hkh cM+k nfjank gS ftlus fd mlds lEeku dks Bsl igqapkbZ gSA Bhd
mlh rjg nfyrksa dh f'kf{kr yM+fd;k¡ Hkh tkfrokn ds cykRdkj #ih
vieku ls cpus ds fy, fdlh nfyr ;k vkfnoklh dh txg fgUnw
dks pqurh gS ftlls fd lekt esa mudk vkSj tkfrxr cykRdkj u
gksA ;g ,slk gS tSls dksbZ xqyke vius vkdk dh xqykeh ls NwVus dh
txg] vius vkSj xqyke Hkkb;ksa dks NqM+kus dh txg] lnk ds fy,
mldh xqykeh Lohdkj dj ysA blls T;knk vieku D;k dqN vkSj
gks ldrk gS \ u nfyrksa dh tehu gS] u vkSjrA dksbZ mudks [kk,
tk jgk gS ftldk mUgsa irk Hkh ugha gSA muds dke can dj fn,
tkrs gSa] ekSgYys mtkM+ fn, tkrs gSa] mu ij 'kks"k.k djus okyksa dk
og èkeZ lukru crk dj ykn fn;k tkrk gS ftlesa mudh xqykeh
fNih gS vkSj nfyr cSy dh rjg ;g lc yknrk gSA ukS lkS pksgÙkj
vc ugha pyrhA eknh iqj dk cl vìk Hkh vc ugha gSA vc ml
11
cl LVSaM dk bykdk ,d çeq[k O;kikjh dsaæ cu x;k gS tgk¡ lM+dksa
ij nfyr] vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+s lekt ds yksx ekal] lCth vkSj
Qy csprs gSa vkSj fgUnw T;knkrj nqdkusa [kksys cSBs gSaA igys nqdkusa
Hkh T;knkrj nfyrksa esa okYehfd] pekj] jSxj] [kVhd vkSj vNwr
flafèk;ksa vkfn dh Fkh ij nso uxj ds mu iM+ksl okys pekjksa dh rjg
og Hkh mUgksaus fdlh [k=h ;k cfu, ds gkFkksa xaok nh FkhA tks ugha
xaok ik, og vkt Hkh nqdku pyk jgs gSaA eknh iqj ds cl LVSaM ds
ihNs lCth dh eaMh FkhA nks&pkj jsM+h okys dsys lsc vkfn Qy cspk
djrs FksA jSxjksa] pekjksa] cykb;ksa vkfn dh dqN vkSjrsa lM+d ij
vnjd] fephZ] yglqu vkfn cspk djrh FkhA cl LVSaM vkSj mlds
vkl&ikl dk bykdk [kqyk&[kqyk FkkA eEeh vkSj eSa LVSaM ij vkrs
FksA ukS lkS lrjg dh nwljh rjQ Mh-Vh-lh- dk ,d NksVk lk dejk
Fkk ftlesa fd pkyd vkSj daMDVj vkjke ds fy, cSBk djrs FksA
eEeh dgrh tk dj vady ls irk dj ds vkvks fd cl fdrus cts
pysxhA jksM+ eq>s dkQh cM+k yxrk Fkk ij] fQj Hkh eSa Mj dks dkcw
esa dj ds ml ikj tkrk vkSj irk djds vk tkrkA ge nks rjg dh
clksa esa cSB dj tk;k djrs FksA ,d ftlesa nksuksa] vkneh vkSj vkSjr
lQj fd;k djrs Fks vkSj nwljh ftlesa dsoy vkSjrsa gh lQj fd;k
djrh FkhA igyh cl esa rks balku Bwal&Bwal dj ykn fn, tkrs FksA
ij nwljh esa FkksM+k [kqykiu gksrk Fkk tks fd Bhd yxrk FkkA Hkjh cl
esa T;knkrj vkneh rS;kj gks dj tkrs Fks tks fd T;knkrj ekfld
ukSdfj;ksa esa Fks vkSj og Hkh 'kk;n ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa esaA buesa nfyr
tkfr;ksa ls cgqr de gksrs FksA vfèkdrj iatkc ls vk, [k=h] Hkkjr
ds nwljs jkT;ksa ds i<+s fy[ks czkã.k vkSj dqN tkV vkSj ;kno vghj
12
T;knk gksrs FksA ;s fn[kus esa nfyrksa ls vyx FksA FkksM+s T;knk yEcs]
jax esa lQsnh fy,] iSus uSu uD'kksa okysA ;s T;knk prqj FksA ;g
nfyrksa dh rjg vkil esa T;knk ckrsa ugha djrs FksA T;knk cgl Hkh
ugha djrs FksA T;knkrj pqi jgrs FksA ekuks fd bUgsa lc irk gksA
nwljh cl esa T;knkrj nfyr efgyk,sa gksrh Fkha tks fd T;knkrj jSxj
vkSj pekj FkhA og T;knkrj viuh ikjaifjd os'kHkw"kk igurh FkhA
dksbZ Hkh lyokj deht ugha igurh FkhA dbZ rks pk¡nh ds eksVs&eksVs
vkHkw"k.k iguk djrh Fkh tks fd muds fy, dher ls T;knk J`axkj
dk çrhr FkkA muesa vfèkdrj çkS<+ gksrh Fkh vkSj dqN eè;e mez
dhA dksbZ toku ;k dqokajh ugha gksrh FkhA çkS<+ efgykvksa esa ls
T;knkrj foèkok,¡ Fkh ;k og ftUgsa viuh Lora= dekbZ us vkfFkZd
:i ls etcwr dj fn;k FkkA eè;e mez okyh rks 'kk;n lc foèkok,a
gh FkhA esjh ek¡ Hkh ,d foèkok FkhA og vkSjrsa eksrh uxj esa IykfLVd
QSfDVª;ksa esa pIiy dh dVkbZ vkfn djus tkrh] dqN pDdh ij
vukt chuus] dqN #bZ ds xíksa dh flykbZ djus vkSj esjh ek¡ vdsyh
ljdkjh DydZ dh ukSdjh djus tks fd esjs firk dh e`R;q ij mUgsa
feyhA fgUnw èkeZ foèkok ls thus dk gd Nhu ysrk gSA vxj og ftank
jg tkrh gS rks mlds 'kjhj ls [ksyus ds fy, rks lkjs fgUnw enZ cu
tkrs gSa ij mls lEeku dk thou nsus ;k mlds cPpksa dks cki dk
I;kj nsus esa mudh enkZuxh [k+Re gks tkrh gSA nfyr Hkh vc bu
ukenZ fgUnqvksa dh dqçFkkvksa dks viukus yxs FksA vc nfyrksa ds enks±
us viuh foèkok cslgkjk vkSjrksa dks vkSj vius gh lekt ds vukFk
cPpksa dks lgkjk] I;kj vkSj cki dk lk;k nsus dh ctk; fdlh
cfu,] [k=h] tSuh] ljnkj ;k rsyh dh QSfDVª;ka vkSj nqdkus pykus
13
ds fy, NksM+ fn;kA ij og vkSjrsa [kwc galrh] vkil esa [kwc ckrsa
djrh vkSj lcls T;knk etk rks ;g ns[k dj vkrk fd og viuh
jktLFkkuh ;k czt dh Hkk"kk esa yksd xhr xkrh] rkfy;k¡ ctkrh vkSj
dqN rks pyrh cl esa ukpus Hkh yxrhA cl ds MªkbZoj vkSj daMDVj
tks fd vfèkdrj tkV gksrs Fks] mUgsa Hkh bl ekuoh; lH;rk dh ml
laL—fr dk vkHkkl gksrk ftlesa u`R; gS] laxhr vkSj xkus gSa vkSj
,d euq";rk dh Hkkouk gSA ij ;g laL—fr ml cl esa viuh
vk[kjh lk¡ls ys jgh FkhA tc LVSaM vkrk rks mu vkSjrksa ds psgjksa
ls [k+q'kh mrj tkrhA rc mUgsa ;g ,glkl gks tkrk fd mUgsa vc ml
va/ksjs lius esa ços'k djuk gS tks fd fdlh va/ks dq¡, dh rjg mUgsa
[kk jgk gSA mrjrs le; og lc ,dne xexhu gks tkrhA xkus
ukpus okyh og efgyk,¡ vpkud fdlh futhZo lh oLrq dh rjg
iafä cuk dj cl ds ckgj [kqn dks èkdsy nsrhA rc Mªkboj vkSj
daMDVj ds psgjs Hkh cny tkrsA og fdlh tYykn ds tSls cs#[ks gks
tkrsA mudk dke [kRe gks pqdk FkkA os xqykeksa dks dkj[kkuksa vkSj
nqdkuksa rd yk pqds FksA xqykeksa dks èkdsyus dh fdlh vkSj dks t#jr
ugha iM+hA xjhch vkSj lkekftd psruk dh deh xqyke dks dkcw esa
djus ds fy, dkQh FkhA MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj th us tkfrokn ds
vius ys[k esa fy[kk gS fd fgUnw foèkok dks tykrs Fks ftlls fd uj
vkSj eknkvksa dk vuqikr iwjk jgs vkSj T;knk eq¡g ugha Hkjus iM+sA
nfyr vc fgUnw curs tk jgs FksA os foèkokvksa dks tyk rks ugha ikrs
Fks ij lM+us ds fy, NksM+ jgs FksA

14
 Hkkx rhu
lwuh xfy;k¡
eknh iqj ls nsouxj dh cl ukS lkS lrjg ls eSa vkSj eEeh
jpuk flusek ls vkxs vkus okys jkèkk Lokeh lRlax ds ckx ds ckgj
mrj tkrs FksA ;g ogh jpuk flusek gS tks fd iVsy uxj ds ikl
çlkn uxj esa fLFkr gSA ikl gh esa jktsUæ uxj gSA çlkn uxj fdl
ds uke ij iM+k ;g rks irk ugha ij iVsy uxj uke 'kk;n oYyHk
iVsy ds uke ij j[kk x;k Fkk vkSj jktsUæ uxj jktsUæ çlkn ds
uke ijA çlkn uxj] iVsy uxj vkSj jktsUæ uxj ds chp esa vkrk
gS] vkSj nso uxj ls lVk gqvk gSA çlkn uxj esa gh nfyrksa] fiNM+ks
dks lsarkfyl ds ckn czgke.kksa dh bafnjk xk¡èkh okyh dk¡xzsl ljdkj us
viuk çlkn fn;kA tgk¡ vaxzstksa us Ms<+ lkS ls fipgÙkj xt ds nks
rjQ [kqys edkuksa ls nso uxj clk;k Fkk] mlh ds cktw esa nfyrksa
dks mtkM+ dj fgUnqvksa us gksVy] flusek ?kj vkSj vius vkfQl dh
Å¡ph bekjrs cuokbZA vkSj nfyrksa ds [kkrs esa vkbZ eknh iqj dh rax
cLrh ftlesa iPphl ;k 'kk;n ckbZl xt ds NksVs&NksVs edku Bw¡ls
x,A ;g dqnjr ds cs#[kh gh dfg, fd bu ubZ bekjrksa esa ls ,d
esa cuus ds dqN lkyksa ckn vkx yx xbZ vkSj og n'kdksa rd can
iM+h jghA ;g flusek ?kj Hkh fiNys ,d n'kd ls can iM+k gSA balku
dks mtkM+ dj iwath dks mxkus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA vc cl bekjr
gSA fdrus balku bu bekjrksa ds fy, [k+Re fd, x,] vxj bldk
fglkc ;g iwathifr fgUnw] fl[k vkSj tSuh yxkrs rks lksprs fd iwath
ls mUgsa D;k feyk] cl FkksM+k vkjkeA ij brus eklweksa dks cs?kj dj
15
ds mudh ftUnxh mtkM+ dj vkjke dh ftUnxh thuk D;k balkfu;r
gS \ 'kk;n balkfu;r dh cksyh og Hkwy pqds gSaA ugha rks og ,slk
ugha djrsA dSlk Hkh fodkl yksxksa dks mtkM+ dj] mUgsa [kRe djds
ugha fd;k tkrkA vxj dy dks nfyr] vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+k oxZ
Hkh blh jkg ij py iM+sxk rks egkfouk'k dh fLFkfr vk tk,xhA MkW-
vEcsMdj th us ckS) èkEe dk jkLrk viuk dj 'kk;n bl
egkfouk'k dks jksd fn;kA ckS) èkEe n;k vkSj 'kkafr dk èkEe ekuk
tkrk gSA vkt tc ,d nfyr] vkfnoklh ;k dksbZ fiNM+k vius
vrhr dks [kkstrk gqvk MkW- vEcsMdj rd igqaprk gS rks mls ckS)
èkEe dk ekxZ utj vkrk gS] ftlls fd og lkekftd vk?kkrksa dh
izrkM+uk ls 'kkar gks tkrk gSA ij 'kks"kd fgUnw tks fd vc iwathifr
cu x;k gS vkSj ckdh lekt Hkh vc lekt u jg dj iwath dk
xqyke cu x;k gS] ,sls lekt esa vc nnZ dh Hkkouk bl lius ls
[k+Re gks tkrh gS fd og Hkh ,d fnu fgUnqvksa ds leku iwathifr
cusxkA ij iwath fodkl dk y{; ugha gks ldrhA iwath ls lekt
mBrk ugha VwV tkrk gSA iwath vkSj iwath dk liuk lekt dks flQZ
vkSj flQZ ew[kZ cukus dk ,d [ksy gSA vlyh [ksy lkekftd psruk
dks nckus dk gS tks iwathifr tkurk gS] blhfy, nsj lcsj NqV&iqV
rjhds ls lkekftd psruk dks iSnk ugha gksus nsrkA vkSj balku flQZ
bl iwathifr dk f[kykSuk ek= cu dj jg x;k gSA tc mldk eu
djrk gS rc mruh iw¡th :ih pkch Hkj nsrk gS vkSj viuh ethZ ls
ml f[kykSus dks pyk, j[krk gS tc rd fd mls t:jr gksrh gSA
tc f[kykSuk [kqn pyus yk;d cu tkrk gS rks ;k rks mls [k+Re djus
ds u,&u, rjhds btkn fd, tkrs gSa ;k fQj mls NksM+ fn;k tkrk
16
gSA nfyrksa dks Hkh 'kgj clkus rd pkch Hkj&Hkj ds j[kk tkrk gS]
vkfnokfl;ksa dks rks Qsad fn;k tkrk gS ;k FkksM+h pkch ns dj pkyw
j[kk tkrk gS] 'kwæksa ;k dgsa fd fiNM+k lekt rks bl pkch dk xqyke
cu pqdk gSA mls vc bldh ijokg ugha gS fd nwljs esa fdruh pkch
Hkjh tkrh gSA mls brus lkyksa esa [kwc pkch feyh gS fd mls bldh
vknr iM+ xbZ gS vkSj mls vxj ;g ugha feyrh rks og fryfeykus
yxrk gSA pkch pwafd fgUnw dgs tkus okys mPp lekt ds ikl gS rks
og mldh pkch ds fy, dqN Hkh dj nsus dks rS;kj gks tkrk gS] ij
vius vkdkvksa dks ,d lhek rd gh #"V djrk gS D;ksafd mls pkch
dh [kqjkd tks pkfg,A nfyr dks ;g [kqjkd ugha feyhA vxj feyrh
rks bldk vlj lkjs Hkkjr ij iM+rkA vkt Hkkjr esa nqfu;k ds
lcls T;knk xjhc vkSj 'kk;n fdlh Hkh ns'k ds eqdkcys lcls T;knk
vehj yksx gSaA bl vkfFkZd [kkbZ dk dkj.k gS fgUnqvksa dh lksph
le>h lkft'k ftlds dkj.k fd vkt ;g ns'k VwVrk fc[kjrk ut+j
vkrk gSA eqlykekuksa dks og ilan ugha djrs ij muls Mjrs Hkh gSaA
fl[kksa dks cs'kd og pqi djk lds gSa ij vc ,slk ugha dj ldrsA
ckdh muds ;k os nwljksa ds lkFk fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa Hkkxhnkjh gSaA
nfyrksa us Hkh blesa ,d xqipqi Hkkxhnkjh dj yh gS fd vxj
FkksM+h&FkksM+h pkch mUgsa Hkh feyrh jgs rks og xk¡èkh ds xwaxs] cgjs vkSj
vaèks vkSj jke ds lsod cUnj guqeku cus jgsaxs vkSj leqæ eaFku ls
fudyh mudh 'kjkc ds lkFk ,sls fpids jgsaxs tSls iraxk ykS lsA
nfyr vDlj i<+&fy[k dj ukSdj cu Hkh tkrk gS rks ukSdj gh
jgrk gSA og fgUnw èkeZ dh o.kZ O;oLFkk dk ,sls ikyu djrk gS tSls
cSy mls gkadus okys dkA og ;g ugha ns[krk fd mls tks tjk lh
17
pkch dh [kqjkd feyh gS mls fnykus okys MkW- vEcsMdj th dbZ o"kks±
rd vè;Uu djrs jgs vkSj lkjk thou ys[ku vkSj 'kksèk esa yxk
fn;k ftlls fd lekt lqèkj ldsA nfyr rks vius choh cPps ls
vkxs lekt tkurk gh ugha gSA T;knk&ls&T;knk og viuh tkfr rd
gh caèkk jgrk gSA vktdy ds i<+s fy[ks nfyr ;qod&;qofr;ksa dks rks
tjk lk dkWyst esa nkf[kyk feyus ij gh vius lekt ls T;knk
vius 'kks"k.kdrkZ fgUnw] fl[kksa ;k dksbZ nwljk lekt ilUn vkus
yxrk gSA viuh tkfr ;k nwljh nfyr tkfr ls og ,sls dUuh dkVus
yxrs gSa tSls mudh tkfr vkSj nfyr lekt dksbZ lk¡iksa dh ckEch
gksA ij ,sls >wBs thou ls mUgsa fdruk larks"k feyrk gS bldk lansg
gksrk gSA balku vkf[kj ,d lkekftd çk.kh gS vkSj tc mls irk gS
fd ftl lekt esa mls mBuk cSBuk ;k lkjk thou fcrkuk iM+ jgk
gS] ftlus mlds iqj[kksa dks gtkjksa lkyksa rd u flQZ ;kruk,a ns dj
çrkfM+r fd;k cfYd mls vkt Hkh pSu ls thus ugha ns jgk] rks
vieku dk ?kw¡V rks vo'; gh ihuk gksrk gksxk vkSj rc og fdlh
f'ko dh Hkk¡rh fo"k dk ?kw¡V ih dj pqi gks tkrs gksaxsA ij eq>s cpiu
esa cM+k viekfur eglwl gksrk Fkk tc eSa cl esa ls ml çlkn uxj
okys jkèkk Lokeh lRlax ds fo'kky ikdZ dks ns[krk FkkA gtkjksa nfyrksa
dks mlh ds ikl ls mtkM+k x;k Fkk ij og ogha dk ogha FkkA ckn
esa irk pyk fd cgqr ls nfyr muds ukSdj cu pqds FksA dqN vkSjrsa
[kq'k Fkha fd muds enks± us jkèkk Lokeh cu dj 'kjkc NksM+ nh ij og
;g ugha tkurh Fkh fd vehj fgUnw] fl[k] ikjlh] blkbZ vkSj
eqlyeku gtkjksa :i;s dh 'kjkc ,d jkr esa xVd dj Hkh xjhc
ugha curk vkSj xjhc chl :i;s dh 'kjkc NksM+ dj vehj ugha
18
curkA vehjh&xjhch dksbZ ulhc ugha cfYd pan pkykd yksxksa dk
,d [ksy gSA ftlds lj ij iSls dk Hkwr lokj gks tkrk gS] og
balku dks vkSj lekt dks u ns[k dj O;luksa ls thou cckZn djus
yxrk gS vkSj mldk 'kkSd iwjk djrs gSa usrk tks futh LokFkks± dh
[kkfrj fcd tkrs gSaA nfyrksa esa bruk ne Fkk gh dgk¡ tks fd ;g
vkokt mBk ikrs fd tc èkeZ ds vkSj O;olk; ds uke ij Å¡ph
tkfr ds dgs tkus okys fgUnqvksa vkSj fl[kksa dks rks clk;k tkrk gS]
rks mUgsa D;ksa mtkM+k tkrk gS\ vkSj vxj ,slk djrs Hkh rks fnYyh
iqfyl ds og tkV] xqtZj ;k ;kno vkØe.kdkjh fdlh Hkw[ks nfjanksa
ds leku NksM+ fn, tkrs tks fd oSls rks czgke.kksa ds cgdkos esa vk
dj ekal [kkuk NksM+ pqds Fks ij nfyr dk ekal mUgsa vfr fç; yxrk
FkkA ;g ogh gSa tks fd vkt [kqn dks fiNM+k lekt crk jgs gSa vkSj
vkj{k.k dh xqgkj yxk jgs gSaA ij lp rks ;g gS fd ;g ckgj ls
vk, og vkØe.kdkjh jgs gSa ftUgksaus nsj losj fgUnqvksa ls lafèk dh
vkSj jkt fd;kA budh ut+j esa nfyr vkSj vkfnoklh oSlk gh gS
tSlk fd fgUnw dh utj esaA nfyrksa dk rks bl ns'k vkSj ;gk¡ ds ewy
èkeZ esa ;gh HkkX; fy[kk gqvk gS fd og fiVrs jgsaxs vkSj ;gh bu
tfr;ksa ds yksxksa us fd;k ftudh ek=k fnYyh iqfyl esa vkt Hkh
vR;kfèkd gSA cslgkjk vkSj detksj nfyr vkSj D;k djrk \ og rks
[kqn dks gh dkslrs jgrs gSaA vxj fdlh 'ksj dks fiatjs esa dSn dj
fn;k tk, rks og Hkh cdjh tSlk nck gqvk gks tkrk gSA blh çdkj
nfyrksa dks Hkh ts-ts- ¼>qXxh& >ksiM+h½ dyksuh uked fiatjksa esa clk;k
x;k tgk¡ fd mudh vkokt nc dj jg tk, vkSj os u gh rks iui
lds vkSj u gh fgUnqvksa ds f[kykQ dksbZ cxkor dj ldsA vui<+]
19
xjhc] èkkfeZd :i ls nqRdkjs x, vkSj detksj vknehA gtkjksa lkyksa
ls xqyke cus jgus ds dkj.k buds dn Hkh NksVs jg x, gSa] ugha rks
dbZ xeZ çns'kksa esa Hkh yksx yEcs gksrs gSaA buds 'kjhj dh cukoV
fdlh fgUnw] Å¡ph tkfr ds] ;k tkV] fl[k] vkfn ls detksj gSA
D;ksafd bUgsa iuius ugha fn;k x;kA tgk¡ ,d rjQ ckSf)d rkSj ij
fgUnw çkbZosV Ldwyksa vkSj bZlkbZ Ldwyksa esa vius cPpksa dks i<+kus yxs
ij nfyrksa esa gtkjksa esa ls ,d ;k nks gh ,sls Fks ;k gSa tks fd çkbZosV
Ldwyksa esa cPpksa dks i<+k ikrs vkSj bZlkbZ Ldwyksa esa rks 'kk;n dksbZ
ughaA
esjh ek¡ eq>s jkèkk Lokeh lRlax ds cl vìs ls iSny gh puk
ekfdZV okys Ldwy esa ys tk;k djrhA jkLrs esa cgqr cM+s&cM+s vkSj
fn[kus esa [kwclwjr vkSj vkyh'kku edku iM+rs tks fd lsarkfyl ds
ckn fgUnqvksa ds cus FksA okilh esa ukuh T;knkrj Ldwy ls ysus eknh
iqj ls puk ekfdZV vk;k djrhA og dHkh vius cw<+s cki dks ns[kus
jSxj iqjk tk;k djrh] rks dHkh viuh cgu #dek ls feyus lr
uxjA jkLrs esa jSxjksa vkSj pekjksa ds nso uxj vkSj jSxj iqjk ds ?kj
iM+rsA ;g ?kj lwuh lh iM+h jgus okyh xfy;ksa esa FksA vfèkdkU'krj
jSxj] pekj] okYehfd] [kVhd] lkalh] flUèkh] vkfn ds çlkn uxj
esa jgus okys fj'rsnkj vc ogk¡ ls tk pqds FksA fgUnqvksa us nfyrksa dh
Nkouh frrj fcrj dj nh FkhA VSad jksM+] ckik uxj vkSj vkuan
ioZr esa Nkofu;k¡ clus gh ugha nhA nfyrksa dk tula[;k ?kuRo de
djds mUgsa vkSj detksj dj fn;k x;kA ubZ cfLr;k¡ mruh nwjh ij
clkbZ xbZ fd nfyr tkfr;k¡ foæksg dh fLFkfr esa ,d= ugha gks ik,A
chp esa fgUnqvksa us viuh fo'kky Nkofu;ka clkbZ tSls iVsy uxj ls
20
eknh iqj yxHkx nl fdyksehVj dh nwjh ij nfyrksa dks clk;k x;k
vkSj fQj ukaxyksbZ] eaxksy iqjh] Tokyk iqjh] lqyrku iqjh vkfnA
'kk;n gh dksbZ nfyr dk¡xzsl dh czge.kh bafnjk xk¡èkh ds bl fnekx
dks le> ik;k gksxkA dqN lky igys ch-ts-ih- ds txeksgu us Hkh
,slk gh fd;kA fgUnw mlls cgqr [kq'k gq, fd mlus vNwrksa vkSj
fiNM+ks dks fnYyh ds dbZ dksuksa ls fudky dj nwj QsadkA T;knk [kq'kh
mUgsa bl ckr dh gqbZ fd vc oksfVax esa ;g ncs dqpys yksx viuk
tu leFkZu ugha ns ik,¡xsA vFkkZr çtkra= Hkh jgsxk vkSj oSlk tSlk
fd [kqn dks Å¡ph tkfr dk ekus tkus okyk fgUnw pkgsxkA nfyrksa dh
Nkouh lwuh iM+rh tk jgh Fkh vkSj nwljh rjQ muds fy, clk,
tsyksa uqek cfLr;ksa esa mudh tula[;k ds lkFk&lkFk mudh 'kkjhfjd]
vkfFkZd vkSj ekufld 'kfä Hkh ?kVus yxhA nso uxj esa dksbZ ?kj
jktLFkku dh fdlh gosyh dh udy gksrk rks dksbZ u, tekus ds
fMt+kbZu esaA ij ;g ?kj fgUnqvksa ds ?kjksa tSls vkfy'kku u FksA ukuh
ds cki dk edku cl fn[kus dk cM+k FkkA mudk cki ,d dksBjh
esa iM+k jgrk Fkk vkSj csVk cgq vkSj muds cPps Åij nks dejksa esaA
ckdh lkjk edku fdjk;s ij FkkA vkSj mudh cgu dk edku rks
'kqØ gS fd nhokjksa ij [kM+k FkkA ij esjs fnekx esa vHkh rd Hkh esjs
ml u, ?kj dh Nki ugha iM+h FkhA iM+rh Hkh dSls tc mlesa bruh
txg gh ugha Fkh fd og esjh mu le`fr;ksa dks rksM+ dj viuh txg
cuk ikrh tgk¡ igys okys ?kj vkSj fgUnqvksa ds cM+s&cM+s ?kjksa dh txg
cuh gqbZ FkhA

21
 Hkkx pkj
ch&Cykd ikdZ uacj nks
eknh iqj
ml ubZ txg ij eknh iqj ds Mh-Vh-lh- cl LVSaM ds vykok
ftl nwljh txg dh Le`fr esjs fnekx esa mHkjrh gS og gS eknh iqj
ch&Cykd dk ikdZ ¼ikjd½ uacj nksA ikdZ dk uacj ;k Cykd esjs
fnekx dh fiNyh Le`fr;ksa esa ugha gS] ;g rks eSaus ek= bl vè;k;
dk uke fn;k gSA esjh Le`fr;ksa esa rks Nqik gS og cM+k vkSj gjk Hkjk
ikdZA tks rax xfy;k¡ vkSj NksVs edku ,d cPps dh Le`fr;ksa dk
fgLlk Hkh ugha cu ldrs Fks mUgsa gtkjksa nfyr ifjokjksa dk tsy cuk
fn;k FkkA ,slk ugha Fkk fd fnYyh esa dksbZ txg dh deh FkhA ij
nfyrksa ds fy, fgUnw èkeZ vkSj ml ij ikyu djusokyh dk¡xzsl vkSj
mls pykus okys czkã.kksa ds ikl nfyrksa vFkkZr vNwrksa ds fy, txg
ugha FkhA fnYyh clrh pyh xbZ ij nfyr eknh iqj vkSj mlh ds
tSlh clkbZ dyksfu;ksa esa ?kqVrs pys x,A tks ifjokj dHkh g¡lrs [ksyrs
Fks os rax edkuksa vkSj NksVh&NksVh xfy;ksa esa viuk ne rksM+us yxsA
;g cfLr;k¡ nfyrksa ds fy, ,d vkSj vieku dk ?kw¡V cu xbZA ,d
rks mu ij fgUnw èkeZ dh Fkksih gqbZ uhph tkfr dh Nki vkSj vc og
cu x, ts-ts- ¼>qXxh&>ksifM+;ksa½ esa jgus okysA mudh dksbZ bTtr
ugha] bTtr dk gd dSls feysxk tks fd fgUnw èkeZ esa muds fy, gS
gh ughaA vNwr dSls 'kgjksa esa vPNs edkuksa esa jg ldrs gSa\ fganqvksa
dks rks nfyr ds ru ij vPNk diM+k rd Hkh bruk ukilan gS fd
22
og Hkh mudh vka[kksa esa [kVdrk gS fQj mls FkksM+s cM+s ?kj vkSj
lEeku tud thou dSls thus nsaxsA tSls fx) ek¡l dh cksafV;ksa dks
ukspus ds fy, >iVrk gS oSls gh fgUnw nfyr vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ij
>iVrk gS D;ksafd ;g mldk èkeZ gSA ftl rjg ls fgUnqvksa us nfyr
vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ij vkt Hkh viuk çgkj tkjh j[kk gS] bUgsa lH;
balku dh Js.kh esa ugha cfYd ,d QkSth dh Js.kh esa j[kuk pkfg,A
pw¡fd lsuk esa budh rknkn T;knk gS vkSj iqfyl ls Hkh bUgha dk xqaMk
jkt py jgk gS tks fd nfyr vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ds neudkfj;ksa dk
laj{k.k djrk gS] lks fgUnqvksa ¼czãk.k] {kf=; vkSj oS';½ ,d QkSt
gS tks fd vius nq'eu dk fujarj neu dj jgh gSA neu dh ;g
xkFkk bfrgkl esa lcls yEch gS vkSj #dus dk uke gh ugha ys jghA
cl blds :i cny tkrs gSa vkSj ;g pyrh gh pyh tk jgh gS vkSj
ekuo bfrgkl dks dyafdr fd;s tk jgh gSA balku ds thou ls vxj
mldk vkRe lEeku gh Nhu yks rks fQj D;k cp tkrk gS\ ts-ts-
dyksfu;k¡ nfyrksa ds fgLls esa gh D;ksa vkbZ \ ,slh dyksfu;k¡ [k=h]
Å¡ph tkfr ds fl[kksa] tSfu;ksa vkfn ds fy, Hkh clkrs vxj lekurk
gh ykuh Fkh\ vkSj ;g vNwr nfyr dgha ej u tk, ftlls fd
gekjs ,s'kksa vkjke u [k+Re gks tk,a vkSj gesa bUgha dh rjg dgha
esgur Hkjk thou u thuk iM+ tk,] bldk [;ky fgUnw] Å¡ph tkfr
dk fl[k] vxM+k eqlyeku vkSj tSuh [kwc j[krk gSA blhfy,
fgUnqvksa us cM+s&cM+s ikdZ cuk, fd dgha ge nM+cksa esa ?kqV&?kqV dj
ej u tk,aA cgqr ls rks vdLekr ekSr ej pqds gSaA u lEeku Hkjk
thou vkSj u gh thou thus ds lkèkuA ;g lc "kMîa= MkW- Hkhejko
vEcsMdj th ds egkifjfuokZ.k ds ,d n'kd ckn 'kq: gqvkA vc
fgUnqvksa dks MkW- vEcsMdj dk Mj ugha FkkA u gh vaxzst Fks tks fd
23
cjkcjh dh ckr djrsA vc ;g viuh vkSdkr ij vk pqds Fks vkSj
fdlh og'kh nfjans fd rjg fiatjs ls vkt+kn gks dj [kqYye&[kqYyk
viuh euekuh dj jgs FksA ftl fnYyh dks nfyrksa vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa
us vius gkFkksa ls cuk;k Fkk vc ml ij mudk dCtk FkkA tSls&tSls
mudk dCtk c<+rk x;k nfyr vkSj eqlyeku fldqM+rk x;k vkSj
;g QSyrs gh tk jgs gSaA tgk¡ nfyrksa ds fy, bUgksaus >qXxh cfLr;k¡
clkbZ] mUgha ds cktw esa ;g cM+s&cM+s vkfy'kku caxyksa ;k QkeZ gkmlksa
esa iljs gq, gSa ;k viuh QSfDVª;k¡ vkSj nqdkus pyk jgs gSaA ukSdjksa
dh [kir nfyr] vkfnoklh] eqlyeku ;k dksbZ fiNM+s lekt dk iwjh
dj nsrk gSA ;g gS usg# dk lektokn vkSj xk¡èkh dk jke jktA
ÞvEcsMdj jktß pyk x;k Fkk ojuk ,slk ugha gksrkA cM+k ikdZ vkSj
NksVs&NksVs edku vkSj rax xfy;k¡\
ikdZ esa lqcg ls ys dj 'kke rd HkhM+ yxh jgrhA jkr esa dbZ
yksx mlesa lksrsA esjs ukuk th Hkh dbZ lkyksa rd ikdZ esa gh lksrs
jgsA ;gk¡ rd fd lfnZ;ksa esa HkhA cPpiu esa lksprk Fkk fd ukuk th
dks ikdZ vPNk yxrk gS ij lp rks ;g Fkk fd ?kj esa txg gh ugha
FkhA eSa lqcg&lqcg ikdZ esa muds ikl tk;k djrk FkkA esjh rjg
ikdZ vU; nfyrksa dks Hkh cgqr ilan FkkA cPps lnhZ dh Nqfê;ksa esa
lkjk fnu ikdZ esa [ksyrsA xfeZ;ksa esa lqcg vkSj 'kke cPpksa vkSj
;qodksa dk Hkh ikdZ esa rkark yxk jgrkA ,d rks ?kj esa txg ugha]
nwljs dke èkaèkk ugha vkSj u gh rks lgh f'k{kk nsus okys ljdkjh Ldwy
ftuesa fd T;knkrj f'k{kd fgUnw gksrs Fks] og nfyrksa dks i<+kus esa
#fp dgk¡ ls ysrs] ?kj ij dksbZ i<+kus okyk Fkk ugha] peM+s dk dke
u flQZ fnYyh cfYd mÙkj Hkkjr ds dbZ LFkkuksa ls [k+Re dj fn;k
24
x;k FkkA ikdZ esa [kkyh cSBs rk'k [ksyrs ftanxh fcrkuk oSls gh gS tSls
dksbZ tsy esa rk'k [ksy jgk gks vkSj viuk le; iwjk dj jgk gksA
dqN vkneh tks fd pIiy twrs cukus dk dke djrs mUgsa lky esa
dqN fnu gh dke fey ikrk ij nfyr bl dke esa Hkh etnwj cuk,
j[ks x, gSaA lsarkfyl ds ckn mUgsa og lkèku ugha feys tks fd fczfV'k
ljdkj vkSj MkW- vEcsMdj th ds le; esa feys FksA
ikdZ ds pkjksa rjQ lQsns ds isM+ gksrsA dqN tyscksa ¼'kgrwr½ ds
HkhA igys 'kknh C;kg lknxh ds lkFk xfy;ksa esa gksrs Fks ij èkhjs&èkhjs
fgUnqvksa dh ns[kk&ns[kh nfyrksa us Hkh fn[kkok lh[k fy;k vkSj fQj 'kknh
C;kg ikdks± esa cM+s&ls&cM+s fn[kkos ds lkFk gksus yxsA ;gk¡ rd fd uCcs
ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa tc ,d pekj twrs ds dkj[kkusnkj us ,d
yM+ds ds iSnk gksus ij ij ikdZ esa VSaV yxk dj 'kkfn;ksa tSlk [kM+k
[kkuk fd;k rks yksxksa esa la'k; iSnk gks x;k vkSj dqN ,d us ncs eq¡g
bldh HkrZluk Hkh dh D;ksafd vfèkdka'rj vfr fuEUu vkfFkZd fLFkfr
esa Fks vkSj tSls rSls djds ftank Fks vkSj ,sls cnyrs lkekftd ekgkSy
esa bruk [kpkZ djuk lcds cl dh ckr ugha FkhA dbZ nfyr
dkj[kkusnkjksa us dke esa iSlk cuk;k ij nfyr dkjhxj muds ;gk¡ Hkh
dkjhxj Hkj cu dj jg x,A tks dkj[kkusnkjksa us HksnHkko u dj ds
cjkcjh j[kh og iui ugha ik, D;ksafd O;kikj iwath dk [ksy gS vkSj
tks ftruk etnwj dh dekbZ ?kVkrk gS og mruh gh cpr djrk gSA
blhfy, cgqr ls nfyrksa us twrs&pIiy cukus dh dkjhxjh NksM+ dj
dgha vkSj etnwjh 'kq: dj yhA tks dgha ugha yx ik, ;k nwljh
lekftd fLFkfr esa [kqn dks ugha <+ky ik, og ikdZ esa rk'k [ksyrs jgrsA
dbZ ckj rks vehj cuus ds ykyp esa tqvka Hkh pyrk vkSj fQj ftu
25
fgUnqvksa dh dk¡xzsl ljdkj us xjhch vkSj vieku Hkjk thou fn;k Fkk
mUgha ds NksM+s tkV] xqtZj ;k ;kno iqfyl okys vkdj tqvka [ksyus okyksa
dks ekjrs&fiVrs vkSj ikdZ ds pkjksa rjQ vkrad Nk tkrkA ftu fcpkjs
nfyrksa dk igys ls gh lEeku [kRe dj fn;k x;k Fkk vc mUgsa vkSj
viekfur fd;k tkrk] tSls viekfur gksuk nfyrksa dk èkeZ gks vkSj
mUgsa viekfur djuk fgUnqvksa dk èkeZA iqfylokys xUnh&xUnh xfy;k¡
nsrs] vknfe;ksa dks eqxkZ cukrs] muds cky uksprs] ljs&vke fiVkbZ djrs
vkSj fQj fj'kor ekaxrsA tks ns nsrk mls NksM+ nsrs vkSj tks lkS ipkl
ugha ns ikrk mls pkSdh esa ys tk dj [kwc ihVrsA dqN bl ls cxkor
dj cSBs vkSj u'ks ds vkfn gks x, ;k pksjh MdSrh djus yxsA ij fQj
Hkh ,slksa dh la[;k NqViqV gh FkhA pwafd cxkor djuh vHkh rd Hkh
nfyrksa us lh[kh ugha Fkh vkSj vxj dksbZ xje [kwu cxkor djrk rks
mldk lkFk nsus okyk dksbZ ugha gksrkA ftls vijkèk dgrs gSa eSaus rks
mldh 'kq#vkr tqeZ ls cxkor ds :i esa 'kq: gksrs ns[kh gSA ij nq'eu
dh lsuk dk nfyr dgk¡ ls lkeuk dj ikrsA ckxh dh cxkor c<+rh
gh tkrh vkSj ;k rks og u'ks dk vkfn gks dj tsy uqek cfLr;ksa esa ej
tkrk ;k ,d tsy ls nwljs tsy esa vijkèkh cuk dj Hkst fn;k tkrkA
bl cxkor ls mls lEeku dh vuqHkwfr gksrh gksxhA ij thou ds lkèku
fNu tkrsA lEeku vkSj thou ds lkèku nfyrksa ds fy, ugha gSaA ;k rks
nfyrksa dks lkèku feysaxs ij lEeku ugha] ;k lEeku ij lkèkuughaA ;gh
gS fgUnw èkeZ ftls uknku nfyr viuk èkeZ eku cSBs gSa vkSj vc rks dbZ
vkfnoklh Hkh bl Hkze ds f'kdkj gks pqds gSaA ;g cM+k ikdZ nfyrksa dks
flQZ ftank j[kus ds lkèku ds :i esa fn;k x;k ftlls fgUnqvksa dks lLrs
etnwj feyrs jgsa] ij lEeku ds fy, ughaA
26
 Hkkx ik¡p
dcwrj[kkuk
mfUulkS bD;kUos esa eSa vkSj esjh ek¡ ch vkBlkS esa jgus pys
x,A ;g fiNyh xyh esa FkkA ek¡ us Hkh ,d >ksiM+k fnyokyksa dh
fnYyh esa cuk fy;k FkkA uhps dk dejk fdjk;s ij fn;k Fkk vkSj
Åij ds dejs esa eSa vkSj esjh ek¡A ftl xyh esa ?kqlus ls Mj yxrk
Fkk vc og gekjk vkf'k;kuk FkhA ?kj ds cktw esa dcwrj okyksa dk
?kj Fkk ftlesa rhu&pkj HkkbZ jgrs Fks vkSj vius rhu eaftyk ?kj ds
mij dcwrj ikyrs FksA dcwrjksa ds fy, mUgksaus ?kj dh Nr ij ,d
NksVk lk dcwrj[kkuk cuk;k FkkA tSls muds ?kj esa yksx Bwal&Bwal dj
Hkjs Fks oSls gh dcwrj[kkus esa dcwrjA ij lp rks ;g gS fd lkjh
xyh gh dcwrj[kkuk cu xbZ FkhA dcwrjksa dks rks fQj Hkh lqcg 'kke
[kqyh gok fey tkrh ij fgUnqvksa }kjk nfyrksa&vNwrksa ds fy, clkbZ
xbZ fnYyh dh bu ts-ts- dyksfu;ksa esa og [kqyh gok Hkh ugha gS tks
fd dcwrjksa dks feyrhA
eq>s rks ;g fiNyh xyh le> esa ugha vkbZA ij gk¡ ,d ckr
tks le> esa vkbZ og ;g Fkh fd ;gk¡ lcdk ,d cM+k liuk Fkk fd
bl fiNyh xyh ls tYn&ls&tYn fudyuk vkSj tks fudy tkrk Fkk
mldk u flQZ vkRelEeku cfYd lkekftd çfr"Brk Hkh c<+ tkrh
FkhA mldk vkRefo'okl bruk c<+ tkrk fd og thou esa ,d ds
ckn ,d rjDdh djrs pys tkrkA ij tks ugha fudy ik, oks dqN
rks ,d ne gh ugha iuis] dqN laHkys vkSj de&ls&de vius edkuksa
27
dks vPNk cuk fy;k vkSj dqN ,sls Hkh gSa tks fd vkt Hkh blh lius
ds lkFk th jgs gSa fd dc bl fiNyh xyh ls NqVdkjk feysA dqN
,sls Hkh gSa tks fd pkSM+h xyh ls fiNyh xyh esa vk x, vkSj muds
lius Hkh mUgha ds tSls gks x, tks fd igys ls ;gk¡ FksA xyh esa ?kj
ls ckgj dne j[kks rks ,sls yxrk fd ;k rks fdlh esys esa gks ;k
fdlh eNyh cktkj esaA dHkh&dHkh xfeZ;ksa dh rst èkwi esa xyh lwuh
gks tkrh rks cgqr vPNh yxrhA ,sls esa lc vius ?kjksa ds Hkhrj gksrs
vkSj 'kkafr dk okrkoj.k gks tkrkA rc yxrk fd gekjk eknh iqj Hkh
iM+ksl ds mu bykdksa tSlk gS tgk¡ cfu;s] iatkc ls vk, [k=h]
czkã.k vkfn fgUnw] tSuh vkSj Å¡ph tkfr ds fl[k jgrs gSaA bu oxks±
esa ls dHkh dksbZ xyrh ls Hkh ml fiNyh xyh esa vk tkrk rks mlds
psgjs ds Hkko gh dkQh gksrs tks fd ;gk¡ jgus okyksa dk vkRelEeku
bruk fxjk nsrs fd og dHkh bu oxks± ds vkxs mB gh ugha ik,A ;gh
gS fgUnw èkeZ & pan yksxksa dk èkeZA u tkus bafnjk xk¡èkh ds psgjs ij
D;k Hkko gksaxs tc ;g dyksfu;k¡ mlus clkbZ gksaxhA d'ehj dh ml
[kwclwjr czkã.k efgyk dks ,slh dyksfu;k¡ clkus esa D;k [kwclwjrh
utj vkbZ \ vkSj nfyrksa dh vKkurk dks nsf[k, fd ftl dk¡xzsl
vkSj bafnjk xk¡èkh us bUgsa ;g >Uuqe fn;k os mlh dk¡xzsl ds usrk
lTtu dqekj dks oksV ns&ns dj ckj&ckj ftrokrs vkSj bafnjk xk¡èkh
dks fdlh nsoh ds tSls ekurs vkSj fQj tc czkã.kksa us turk ikVhZ
ls Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dh uhao etcwr dj dk¡xzsl ds le{k viuk
,d vkSj xqV cuk;k rks nfyr vKkurk&o'k muds Hkh nhokus gks
x,A tks nfyrksa] vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+ksa dks xanxh le> dj fnYyh
ls nwj Qsadus dk dke czkã.k bafnjk xk¡èkh vkSj mldh ikVhZ dk¡xzsl
28
us 'kq: fd;k Fkk og dke czkã.k vVy fcgkjh oktis;h vkSj mldh
ikVhZ Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ us pkyw j[kk vkSj mlds usrk txeksgu us
lqUnjrk ds uke ij yksxksa dks mtkM+k o vkSj Hkh ?kfV;k dyksfu;ksa
vkSj NksVs edkuksa esa fnYyh ds nwj dksuksa esa Qsad fn;kA

29
 Hkkx Ng
muds cPps vkSj gekjs cPps
miU;kl dk ;g NBk Hkkx eSa ikap o"kZ ls Hkh yEch vofèk ds
ckn fy[k jgk gw¡A bu ikap o"kks± esa cgqr ls lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd
ifjorZu ns[ksA miU;kl çkjEHk djus ls igys tks MkW- vEcsMdj th
dk fe'ku eSaus 'kq: fd;k Fkk vkt og fe'ku leLr Hkkjr gh ugha
cfYd fons'kksa esa Hkh vkxs c<+ jgk gSA bl nkSjku dk¡xzsl nl o"kks± ds
dky ds ckn dsaæ dh lÙkk ls pyh xbZA fnYyh esa Hkh dk¡xzsl dks lÙkk
xokuh iM+hA jksfgr oseqyk dh ekSr] xqtjkr esa nfyrksa dks çrkfM+r
djus okyk Åuk dkaM] lgkjuiqj esa jktiwrksa }kjk nfyrksa ds ?kjksa ij
geyk] Hkhe vkehZ ds vè;{k paæ'ks[kj vktkn jko.k dks vHkh rd
tsy esa canh cuk dj j[kuk ¼miU;kl ys[ku dh lekfIr rd mUgsa
NksM+ fn;k x;k Fkk½] egkjk"Vª esa 'kkS;Z fnol ds fnu Hkhek dksjsxkao
dh ?kVuk] inksUufr esa vkj{k.k lekIr djuk vkSj vuqlwfpr tkfr
,oa tutkfr laj{k.k dkuwu dks gYdk djuk] mu vusdksa eqíksa esa ls
dqN ,sls jgs ftUgksaus yksxksa ds fnekx dks lkspus ij etcwj dj fn;k
vkSj bl ls Hkkjr ds vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa tutkfr] fiNM+s oxks± vkSj
vYila[;dksa ds yksx laxfBr gq,A bldk ifj.kke gqvk 2 vçSy
2018 dk Hkkjr can tks fd Hkkjr ds ewyfuokfl;ksa ds fy, fiNys
nks gtkj o"kks± dk og ,sfrgkfld fnu Fkk ftls mudh Lora=rk dk
fnu dgyk;k tkuk pkfg,A bl fnu vuqlwfpr tkfr ds nl ;qod
'kghn gks x,] ftudk midkj lekt dHkh ugha Hkwy ldrkA bl can
ds ckjs esa vfèkd D;k dgwa D;ksafd ;g lks'ky ehfM;k vkSj fgUnw
30
ehfM;k ij lcus ns[kkA cl bruk gh dgwaxk fd tks lcls [kkl ckr
bl can dh Fkh og ;g Fkh fd ftl çdkj fgUnw ehfM;k us gekjs
yksxksa dks cnuke fd;k] blls vkSj dqN ugha cfYd mudk Ny]
diV] }s"k vkSj Mj lkQ >yd jgk FkkA
rks vkt gS 23 vçSy 2018 vkSj vkt ds bl vius NBs
vè;k; dk fo"k; esjs fnekx esa ml fnu vk;k tc fo'o fgUnw
ifj"kn ds usrk v'kksd fla?ky dh ekSr gqbZ Fkh] lu 2015 ds var
esaA esjh fo'ks"k :fp mlds miuke ^fla?ky^ esa FkhA mldh ekSr us
esjk è;ku mlds miuke dh rjQ vkdf"kZr fd;kA eq>s ;kn vk,
Ldwy ds og nks lgikBh ftudk miuke Hkh fla?ky FkkA nksuksa cPps
vehj ?kjksa ls FksA fQj eSaus lkspk fd bl miuke okys vkSj Hkh gq,]
vkSj ,sls gh vU; fgUnqvksa ds miuke okys Hkh gSa] ij og lc cPps
gekjs cPpksa ls fHkUu gSaA muds cPps çkbZosV vaxzsth ehfM;e ds
Ldwyksa esa i<+rs] cf<+;k Hkkstu djrs] cpiu ls egaxs jsLVkWjs.V~l esa
tkrs] cgqr ls cPpksa dks rks Mªkboj fo'ks"k :i ls dkj esa Ldwy NksM+us
vkSj ysus vkrs] ;g cPps egaxh V;w'ku i<+rs] eagxh dksfpax ys dj
bathfu;fjax ;k esfMdy dkWystksa esa HkrhZ gksrs ;k èku ds cy ij lhèkk
lhV ik ysrs] egaxs diM+s igurs] cpiu esa egaxs f[kykSus vkSj fQj
egaxs okgu [kjhnrs] Nqfê;k¡ eukus ns'k&fons'kksa dh lSj ij tkrsA vkSj
gekjs cPps \ bUgha fgUnqvksa ds }kjk lapkfyr ?kfV;k fganh ehfM;e
ds ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa i<+rs] gekjs cPpksa dks vkaxuokM+h dk ?kfV;k
[kkuk feyrk] og QVs diM+s igurs] uke ek= dh V;w'ku vkSj og
Hkh pan cPpksa ds ek¡&cki gh tqVk ikrs] eg¡xh bathfu;fjax vkSj
esfMdy dh dksfpax rks Hkwy gh tkb,A dqy feykdj gekjs cPps
31
lkekftd] 'kkjhfjd] vkfFkZd] vkSj 'kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+s gh jg tkrs
gSaA
dqN o"kZ igys fnYyh ds jSxj iqjk esa jSxj tkfr ds ,d ch-ts-
ih- ds usrk viuh gh tkfr ds cPpksa dks eq¶r migkj ck¡V jgs FksA
eSaus lkspk fd ,d rjQ rks gekjs cPpksa dk fdruk cqjk gky bu
fgUnqvksa dh otg ls gS vkSj nwljh rjQ gekjs gh yksx budh ikfVZ;ksa
esa tk dj gekjs yksxksa ds cPpksa dks pan migkj ck¡V dj ,slk fn[kkrs
gSa fd ekuks ge dksbZ fHk[kkjh gksaA bu yksxksa dks cksyks fd ,sls migkj
vehj fgUnqvksa ds cPpksa esa ckaVksA gekjs cPpksa ds ek¡&cki bu
fgUnqvksa dh ukSdjh&pkdjh djrs gSa ij os bUgsa de&ls&de osru nsrs
gSaA vkf[kj ;g yksx muds gd dk osru cpk dj mldk D;k djrs
gSa \ gekjs cPpksa ds ek¡&cki dh esgur dk iSlk ;g vius O;olk;ksa]
edku&tehuksa] 'ks;jksa] E;wpy QaMksa] Mkd i=ksa] thou chek vkfn esa
fuos'k djrs gSaA gekjs cPpksa ds ek¡&cki dks de esgurkuk nsdj ;g
tks iSlk cpkrs gSa ml ls vius çkbZosV Ldwy cukrs gSa vkSj bl çdkj
vius cPpksa dh f'k{kk esa fuos'k djrs gSaA blh çdkj ;g LokLFk;
chek esa ;k vLirkyksa esa fuos'k djds vPNh LokLFk; lsokvksa dk
ykHk mBkrs gSa vkSj ran#Lr jgrs gSaA vkSj varr% ;g vius èkeZ]
czkã.k mQZ fgUnw èkeZ esa fuos'k djds eafnjksa ds VªLV cuk dj mldh
dekbZ Hkh [kkrs gSaA bl çdkj ;g ,d dwpØ gS ftlesa gekjs] vFkkZr
Hkkjr ds ,l-lh-@,l-Vh-@vks-ch-lh- ¼vuqlfpr tkfr] tutkfr
vkSj fiNM+s oxks± ds½ ds cPpksa ds ek¡&cki] jksth jksVh ds pDdj esa
Qals jgrs gSa vkSj vius dks fgUnw ekurs gSa] ij èkeZ dh ;g lkft'k
le> ugha ikrsA vkSj gekjs cPps Hkh vius ek¡&cki dh rjg blh
32
dwpØ esa Qal tkrs gSa vkSj ih<+h&nj&ih<+h ;g dwpØ vkusokyh
gekjh larkuksa dks vius esa Qalk dj j[krs gSaA ckck lkfgc MkW-
Hkhejko vEcsMdj th dh otg ls dqN yksx vPNk thou ik ysrs
gSa ijUrq og Hkh bl èkkfeZd lkft'k dks ugha le>rs vkSj fgUnw èkeZ]
vFkkZr bl dwpØ esa 'kkfey gks tkrs gSaA og MkW- vEcsMdj th ds
midkj ls viuk thou rks laokj gh ysrs gSa ij vkxs ijksidkj ugha
djrs vkSj lkekftd ,drk vkSj vius Lo;a ds laLFkkuksa dk fuekZ.k
ugha djrsA pan yksx ftUgksaus bl dwpØ dks le>k gS og ckck
lkfgc th ds uD+'ks&dne ij pyrs gq, viuh lQyrk esa vkSjksa dks
Hkh 'kkfey djrs gSa] og viuh Lo;a dh laLFkkvksa dk fuekZ.k djrs
gSa vkSj Hkxoku cq) ds èkEe dk ikyu djrs gSaA frCcr ds ckS)ksa ls
gesa f'k{kk ysuh pkfg,A
frCcr ds ckS) Hkkjr esa 'kj.kkFkhZ gSa vkSj og Hkh os tks fd
vius ns'k ls fudkys x, ;k etcwju ftUgsa frCcr NksM+uk iM+kA ij
mUgksaus vius cPpksa ds fy, fo'kky gkWLVyksa vkSj Ldwyksa dk fuekZ.k
fd;k gSA og de 'kqYd esa vius cPpksa dks jgus] Hkkstu vkSj f'k{kk
dh lqfoèkk nsrs gSaA ij gekjs cPpksa ds uke ij fgUnqvksa dh ljdkj
tks djksM+ksa&vjcksa dk iSlk [kpZ djus dh ckr djrh gS] og iSlk
fdlds ikl tkrk gS \ og mUgha O;kikfj;ksa dh tsc esa tkrk gS tks
Ldwy dh bekjr cukus ls ysdj] dkWih&fdrkcsa] ;wfuQkWeZ vkfn csprs
gSaA buesa ls vfèkdka'rj fgUnw] tSuh] ikjlh ;k fl[k gh gksrs gSaA
vè;kid Hkh vfèkdka'rj fgUnw gh gksrs gSa tks eksVh ru[kk,a ywVrs gSaA
;fn ,l-lh-@,l-Vh-@vks-ch-lh- ds pan vè;kidksa dks Hkh ;g
eksVh vkenuh feyrh Hkh gS rks Hkh ;g dqy jkf'k ml jkf'k ds
33
eqdkcys cgqr de gS tks fd f'k{kk ds O;kikj esa fgUnqvksa] tSfu;ksa]
fl[kksa vkSj ikjfl;ksa dh tsc esa tkrh gSA bruh NksVh jkf'k ls ,l-
lh-@,l-Vh-@vks-ch-lh- ds yksx og dksbZ lkekftd ifjorZu ugha
yk ldrs ftlls bu oxks± ds lHkh cPpksa dk dY;k.k gksA ,sls Hkh bl
dwpØ dks ugha rksM+k tk ldrkA ij vQlksl rks ;g Hkh gS fd ;g
vè;kid bl ckjs esa ç;kl Hkh ugha djrsA bl çdkj gekjs cPpksa
dh f'k{kk ds uke ij [kpZ gksus okyk vjcksa #i;k dqy feykdj
fgUnqvksa ds tsc esa gh okfil pyk tkrk gSA
;fn ge frCcr ds ckS)ksa ls f'k{kk ysa rks 'kk;n viuh
vkusokyh larkuksa dk Hkfo"; csgÙkj cuk ldrs gSaA gesa frCcr ds
ckS)ksa ds lkFk feydj mudh laLFkkvksa dk vkSj vfèkd fodkl
djuk pkfg, ftlls fd mudh laLFkk,a vkSj vfèkd mUur gksa vkSj
ckS) f'k{kk ds lkFk vkèkqfud f'k{kk Hkh fey ldsA gesa vius cPpksa
dks frCcr ds cPpksa ds lkFk muds Ldwyksa esa i<+kuk pkfg,A bl
çdkj u dsoy ge frCcr ds ckS)ksa ls tqM+saxs cfYd vius cPpksa
dks Hkh ckS) f'k{kk ns ik,axsA gks&u&gks frCcr ds yksxksa dh bl
,drk] yxu] deZBrk] –<+ fu'p; vkSj tq>k:iu dk dkj.k
mudh ckS) èkEe dh f'k{kk gh gSA vkSj ;fn gekjh vkusokyh ih<+h
esa Hkh ;g f'k{kk vktk, rks osa viuk Hkfo"; csgÙkj cuk ik,axsA
frCcr ds yksxksa ds lkFk tqM+us dk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkj.k ;g Hkh gS
fd ;fn ge muds lkFk fey dj jgrs gSa vkSj vkus okys le; esa
frCcr phu ls viuh Lora=rk okfil ys ysrk gS rks Hkfo"; esa
gekjs vkSj gekjs jk"Vª ds frCcr ls vkSj vPNs lEcUèk cusaxsA
vkSj frCcr u dsoy ckS) èkEe dh laL—fr dk Hk.Mkj gh gS cfYd
34
vkS"kfèk foKku] i;ZVu dh –"Vh ds lkFk&lkFk [kfutksa ls Hkjiwj
jk"Vª Hkh gSA lkFk gh frCcr dh HkkSxkSfyd fLFkfr ,slh gS fd ogk¡
ls leLr ,f'k;k dks fu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj bl ls phu
ds c<+rs çHkko dks Hkh de fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls fd gekjs
ns'k dks vkSj vfèkd lqjf{kr cuk;k tk ldsA

35
 Hkkx lkr
gekjh efgyk,a vkSj mudh efgyk,a
gkyk¡fd eSa igys ds dqN vè;k;ksa esa gekjh efgykvksa dh n'kk
vkSj nqnZ'kk ij dkQh dqN crk pqdk gw¡] ijUrq] ;g t#jh gS fd eSa
mudh voLFkk vkSj vfLrRo ds ckjs esa vkSj çdk'k MkywaA bl
vè;k; dh çsj.kk gS 'kadjkuan 'kkL=h th dh fyf[kr iqLrd ;qxiq#"k
ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdjA ml iqLrd esa 'kkL=h th crkrs
gSa fd ckcklkgsc dgk djrs Fks fd gekjh vkSjrsa u dsoy ifrozrk gh
gksrh gSa] cfYd og xjhch esa Hkh cEcbZ dh mu efgykvksa dh tSlh
ugha gksrh tks fd dhek dckc [kkus vkSj vkjke ilan ftanxh ds fy,
vius ftLe dk lkSnk dj ysrh gSaA gekjh ¼nfyr½ efgyk,a xjhch esa
:[kk&lw[kk [kk dj Hkh viuk isV Hkjrh gSaA eSaus gekjs ?kjksa esa ,slk
cgqr ckj ns[kk gS fd gekjh efgyk,a I;kt ;k ued ls Hkh jksVh [kk
ysrh gSaA dHkh ehV cus rks dsoy rjh ls jksVh [kk dj larq"V gks tkrh
gSaA ;g esjh vk¡[kksa ns[kh lPpkbZ gSA iq#"k çèkku lekt esa gekjh
efgyk,a fgUnqvksa ¼ckeu] cfu;k] ;k {kf=;½ dh efgykvksa ds ijLij
igys ls gh enZ ds daèks&ls&daèkk feyk dj vius vkSj vius ifjokj
dk isV iky jgh gSaA tc vkidks lM+d ij >kM+w yxkrh] jk'ku dh
nqdku ij dadM+ fcurh] dkj[kkuksa vkSj QSfDVª;ksa esa etnwjh djrh]
lj ij ekal j[k dj xyh&xyh ?kwerh] dgha lCth ;k Qy csprh
efgyk,a fn[ks rks le> tkuk fd ;g dksbZ ckeu] cfu;k ;k {kf=;
dh ugha cfYd nfyr oxZ dh efgyk gSA bu egku efgykvksa ds ne
ij gh cgqr ls nfyr ifjokj iy jgs gSaA oSls Hkh nfyrksa esa 'kjkc
36
ihus dh tks vknr gS] mlls cgqr ls yksx cq<+kis esa dne j[kus ls
igys gh ej tkrs gSaA ,sls esa gekjh efgyk,a gh vius cPpksa dks
laHkkyrh gSaA ,slh cgqr lh efgyk,a gSa ftUgksaus NksVh&eksVh etnwjh
dj ds vius cPpksa dks bruk i<+k;k fd os vkbZ- ,- ,l- vQlj
cu x,A dqN o"kZ igys lQkbZ djusokyh ,d efgyk dh [kcj Nih
fd mlus vius rhu yM+dksa dks i<+k;k vkSj os rhuksa gh ç'kklfud
lsok esa cM+s vQljksa ds in ij fu;qä gq,A eSaus ,sls cgqr ls
mnkgj.k viuh vka[kksa ls ns[ks gSaA dksbZ efgyk pIiy dh QSDVªh esa
jCcM+ dh dVkbZ djus tkrh] rks dksbZ ?kjksa esa dke djus] dksbZ lkSnk
csprh] rks dksbZ lM+d ij Hkqês csprhA ,slh Hkh efgyk,a ns[kh tks fd
bruh l{ke jgha fd vius ifr ds lkFk fey dj NksVs&eksVs O;kikj
dks Hkh cgqr cM+k dj fn;kA dgrs gSa fd gj iq#"k dh rjDdh ds ihNs
,d efgyk gksrh gSA ij tgk¡ rd nfyr oxZ dh ckr gS rks yxHkx
ipkl çfr'kr oxZ dh rjDdh ds ihNs nfyr efgyk,a gSaA bruk la?k"kZ
'kk;n gh fdlh vU; oxZ dh efgyk,a djrh gSaA

37
 Hkkx vkB
ej?kV ;k nfyrksa dh cfLr;k¡
dy eSaus viuh iRuh ls dgk fd mudh xyh ds ckgj tks
eNyh ds idkSM+s csprk gS mlls vkèkk fdyks idkSM+s eaxok nsA esjh
iRuh us e;ds esa Qksu fd;k rks mls irk pyk fd ml vkneh us rks
[kqn dks Qkalh yxk yhA ;g tku dj eSa cgqr gSjku gqvkA vHkh
fiNys o"kZ gh rks eSaus mls idkSM+s csprs ns[kk FkkA fQj [kqn[kq'kh\ dqN
le> esa ugha vk;kA eu cgqr gh nq[kh gks x;kA dqN fnuksa igys gh
esjh iRuh us crk;k Fkk fd muds vklikl okys ?kjksa esa rhu nfyr
;qodksa us vkReºR;k dj yhA nfyrksa dh cfLr;ksa esa oksV ekaxus tkus
okyksa dks 'kk;n bl ckr dk irk ugha fd ;gk¡ fo'ks"kdj iq#"k fdrus
ekSr ds eq¡g esa pys tkrs gSaA dqN le; igys eq>s ,d lkekftd
dk;Zdjrk us crk;k Fkk fd okYehfd leqnk; esa yxHkx rhl çfr'kr
efgyk,sa foèkok gSa] D;ksafd muds ifr u'ks dh yr ;k lhoj esa ekSr
;k fdlh ?kkrd laØe.k dh otg ls tYnh gh ej tkrs gSaA dqiks"k.k]
xjhch] le; ij fookg u gks ikuk] ?kjsyq fgalk] voSèk lEcUèk
cukuk] nEifr thou esa dys'k] dtkZ] ?kkrd fcekfj;ksa ls xzLr gksuk]
çnw"k.k QSykus okyh QSfDVª;ksa esa dke djuk] vR;kfèkd 'kjkc ihuk
;k nwljk u'kk djuk vkfn og dkj.k gSa ftudh otg ls vfèkdka'rj
nfyr iq#"k vYi vk;q esa gh ekSr dh xksn esa lek tkrs gSaA
cpiu esa eknh iqj dh xfy;ksa esa nks tqM+ok¡ Hkkb;ksa dks ns[kk
djrk Fkk ftuesa ls ,d dk psgjk vkx ls >qylk gqvk FkkA irk pyk
38
fd mlus vkRegR;k dh dksf'k'k dh ij cp x;kA iM+ksl ds ?kj esa
rkjksa ¼rkjk nsoh½ vius ifr vkSj rhu cPpksa ds lkFk jgrh FkhA
vDlj vius cM+s yM+ds dkyw dks cgqr ihVk djrh FkhA ,d dejk
vkSj ifr dk dke u djuk vkSj ml ij 'kjkc vkSj tqvkaA ,d fnu
rkjks us vkRegR;k dj yhA dqN o"kZ ckn mlds ifr dh Hkh ekSr gks
xbZA dqN o"kks± ckn mlds ,d vfookfgr nsoj dh Hkh ekSr gks xbZA
cl ,d nwljk nsoj cpk jgk D;ksafd og dqN o"kZ fdlh vjc ns'k
esa etnwjh djds vk pqdk Fkk vkSj mlus vius fy, ,d nqdku
[kjhn yh Fkh tgk¡ og fctyh ds lkeku dh ejEer dk dke djrk
FkkA iM+ksl ds ,d nwljs ?kj esa rhu HkkbZ ,d&,d dejs ds ?kjksa esa
vius dbZ cPpksa ds lkFk jgrs FksA mudk cM+k HkkbZ if'pe iqjh esa
jgrk Fkk vkSj 'kk;n diM+ksa dh d<+kbZ dk dke djrk FkkA rhuksa HkkbZ
dekrs Fks ij 'kjkc dh yr ds f'kdkj FksA igys lcls cM+s HkkbZ dh
ekSr gks xbZ] dkj.k vR;kfèkd 'kjkc ihukA fQj lcls NksVs HkkbZ us
x`g dys'k ds dkj.k rhljh eafty ls dwn dj vkReºR;k dj yhA
mldh iRuh ds iM+ksl ds ,d nwljs yM+ds ls voSèk lEcUèk FksA FkksM+s
fnuksa ckn ml yM+ds us Hkh [kqn dks tyk dj vkReºR;k dj yhA mls
tyk gqvk vkSj iwjs 'kjhj ij iêh esa fyiVk gqvk eSaus Hkh ns[kk FkkA
vkSj mldk og gJ esjs Le`fr iVy ij ,d fp= cu dj ,slk
fpid x;k fd vkt Hkh mldh ;kn vkrs gh eSa lge tkrk gw¡A rhuksa
Hkkb;ksa esa chp okys us viuh lcls cM+h csVh dks bruk ihVuk 'kq:
dj fn;k fd ml yM+dh us Hkh ,d fnu vkRegR;k dj yhA dqN o"kks±
ckn og vkneh Hkh 'kjkc dh otg ls ej x;kA iM+ksl ds ,d nwljs
?kj esa nks vukFk HkkbZ jgrs FksA ,d us Hkjh tokuh esa vkRegR;k dj
39
yhA ,d nwljs ?kj esa ,d vkSjr vius ifr vkSj nks csVksa ds lkFk
jgrh FkhA mlds ifr dh 'kjkc ihus dh otg ls ekSr gks xbZA dqN
o"kks± ckn mldk ,d csVk ykirk gks x;k tks fQj ugha feykA dqN
?kj NksM+ dj ,d foèkok jgrh FkhA mldh csVh us ckik uxj ds
vius ?kj esa [kqn dks vkx yxk dj vkReºR;k dj yhA uqDdM+ okys
?kj esa ,d vkSjr vius nks csVksa ds lkFk jgrh FkhA NksVs okys dh ,d
,DlhMsaV esa ekSr gks xbZA 'kk;n mlus 'kjkc ih j[kh FkhA ;g rks ,d
xyh ds nl edkuksa dh dgkuh gS ftuesa lgh çdkj ?kj cu gh ugha
ldkA
nfyrksa dh cLrh dks ej?kV dguk gh csgÙkj gksxkA ;g ej?kV
fgUnw èkeZ dh gh nsu gSA dk¡xzsl ikVhZ us dsoy ,sls vkSj ej?kV cukus
dk dke fd;kA mUgksaus tSls nfyrksa dks rax cfLr;ksa esa Bwalk] 'kjkc
ds Bsds [kksys] f'k{kk dh rjQ è;ku ugha fn;k] vkSj bu lcdk
vatke ;gh gqvk fd gekjh cfLr;ka ej?kV cu xb±A ,d tkuoj dks
Hkh ;fn ,d NksVs ls fiatjs esa dSn dj fn;k tk, rks og Hkh ;k rks
ikxy gks tk,xk ;k ej tk,xk ;k 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld :i ls
bruk nqcZy gks tk,xk fd ml fiatjs ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, la?k"kZ
djus dh mlesa 'kfä gh ugha jgsA vkSj tc blh çdkj balkuksa ds
leqnk;ksa dks rax cfLr;ksa esa Bwal fn;k x;k rks mudk gky Hkh fiatjs
esa dSn tkuoj ds tSlk gks x;kA vkSj var esa muesa Hkh bruh 'kfä
ugha cph fd viuh bu xqykeh dh csfM+;ksa dks rksM+ ikrsA dqN yksx
viuk O;fäxr thou lqèkkj ysrs gSa vkSj nfyrksa dh cLrh ls nwj
fgUnqvksa dh cfLr;ksa esa jgus yxrs gSaA ij ogk¡ Hkh tkfr mudk ihNk
djrh gS vkSj mu fgUnqvksa ds chp mUgsa lgh eku&lEeku ugha fey
40
irkA dqN rks lkèku&laiUu gksrs gq, Hkh viuh cLrh ugha NksM+rs
D;ksafd og tkurs gSa fd fgUnw mUgsa fdl –"Vh ls ns[krs gSa vkSj og
mlh ej?kV esa jg tkrs gSaA
fgUnw vius e`rdksa dks 'ke'kku esa nkx nsrs gSaA ijUrq muds
}kjk clkbZ xbZ nfyrksa dh rax cfLr;k¡ tgk¡ ij yk[kksa yksx ,d NksVs
ls Hkw Hkkx esa jgrs gSa] muds }kjk gh clk;k x;k ,d 'ke'kku gS
tgk¡ ftUnk yksx viuk ne blfy, rksM+ nsrs gSa D;ksafd mudks tehu
ds pan VqdM+s ls oafpr dj fn;k x;k] mUgsa u'ks ls ckgj fudkyus
ds fy, ljdkj us dksbZ dke ugha fd;k cfYd T;knk&ls&T;knk 'kjkc
ds Bsds [kksys] mudh f'k{kk dks vius çkbZosV Ldwyksa dh f'k{kk dh
rjg ugha j[kk] mudks dkjksckj ;k NksVk&eksVk O;olk; djus yk;d
èku vkSj lu&lkèku ugha fn,] vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd ,sls fu;e&dkuwu
cuk,a ftuls muds iq'rSuh èkaèks Hkh pkSiV gks x,A cl ihNs jg x;k
ftUnk balkuksa dk ,d 'ke'kkuA

41
 Hkkx ukS
nfyr dh csVh
dqN fnuksa fnuksa igys vkxjk esa ,d nfyr yM+dh latfy dks
ftUnk tyk dj ekj fn;k x;kA lkjs ns'k ds nfyrksa esa bl ?kVuk dks
ysdj dkQh xqLlk gSA ij fgUnqvksa ds U;wt pkSuyksa ds dku ij twa
rd ugha jsaxrhA u gh fgUnqvksa dh yM+fd;k¡ oSls gh lM+d ij mrjha
tSls fuHkZ;k dk.M ds le; gqvk FkkA D;k blfy, fd fuHkZ;k fgUnw
Fkh vkSj latfy nfyr gS \
nfyr dh csVh vkSj xjhc dh csVh esa varj gSA esjk ,d czkã.k
lgikBh FkkA mldk cpiu fons'k esa gh fcrk FkkA ogk¡ Hkkjrh; ewy
ds vkSj yksx Hkh jgrs FksA muesa ls ,d nfyr vfèkdkjh Hkh FkkA
mldh csVh chp ¼lkxj rV½ ij fcfduh vkSj czk esa ugkrh FkhA esjs
lgikBh us bl ckr ij rat dlrs gq, dgk fd ,d nfyr vfèkdkjh
dh csVh tks czk fcduh igurh gS] mls vkj{k.k dh D;k t#jr gS\
;g ckr og mlds czk fcduh iguus dk mnkgj.k fn, fcuk Hkh dg
ldrk FkkA ij 'kk;n mls ;g vPNk ugha yxk fd nfyr brus laiUu
gks tk,a fd fons'kksa esa jg lds vkSj if'peh lH;rk dk fgLlk cu
ldsA vly esa rks fgUnqvksa dks nfyr ds ru ij vPNs diM+s Hkh ugha
HkkrsA mUgksaus vius èkkfeZd xzaFkksa esa Hkh bl ckr dh O;oLFkk dh gS
fd vUR;T; vPNs diM+s ugha igusA ,d xjhc dh csVh vkSj ,d
nfyr dh csVh dk ;gh varj gS fd ,d xjhc fgUnw dh csVh lEeku
ls ns[kh tkrh gS vkSj ,d vehj nfyr dh csVh dks Hkh uhph –f"V
42
ls ns[kk tkrk gSA fgUnqvksa us vius xzaFkksa esa bl ckr dh NwV rks nh
gS fd os vius ls uhph le>s tkus okyh tkfr;ksa dh yM+fd;ksa ls
'kknh dj ysaA ijUrq bl bl ckr dk iqtksZj fojksèk fd;k gS fd Å¡ph
tkfr;k¡ vius ls uhph ekus tkus okyh tkfr;ksa dks viuh yM+dh nsaA
vktdy ,d lkèku laiUu nfyr ifjokj dh f'kf{kr vkSj
ukSdjh is'kk yM+dh dks rks fgUnw viuk ysrs gSa ijUrq ,sls nfyr yM+ds
dks viuh csVh ugha nsrsA cgqr o"kks± igys eSaus Vh- oh- ij ,d [kcj
ns[kh Fkh ftlesa egkjk"Vª ds ckS) fHk{kq bl ckr dk çpkj dj jgs
Fks fd jksVh&csVh dk fj'rk tksM+k tk,A MkW- vEcsMdj th us Hkh bl
ckr dh f'kdk;r dh Fkh fd fgUnw lkFk Hkkstu djus rd gh [kqn dks
lhfer djuk pkgrs gSa ij vartkZrh; fookg ij ekSu jgrs gSaA
ij nfyr dh csVh dh n'kk cgqr ihM+knk;d gSA vDlj mudk
tUe ,sls ?kjksa esa gksrk gS tgk¡ yM+dh dh txg yM+ds ds tUe dh
pkg gksrh gSA ,sls esa ifjokj viuh gh yM+fd;ksa dks uhph –"Vh ls
ns[krk gSA yM+fd;ksa dks ?kjsyw fgalk dk f'kdkj Hkh gksuk iM+rk gSA
vkSj ;fn dksbZ yM+dh ?kj ls ckgj fudy tk,] Hkys gh og ukSdjh
djus ds fy, fudys] mlds nkeu ij nkx yxkus okyksa dh deh ugha
jgrhA mlds vius fj'rsnkj gh mlds ckjs esa >wB QSykus yxrs gSaA
,d fgUnw dh csVh dgk¡ tkrh gS] bl ij dksbZ xkSj ugha djrk] ijUrq
,d nfyr dh yM+dh ;fn ?kj ls cgkj f'k{kk ;k ukSdjh ds fy, Hkh
fudy tk, rks mlds nkeu ij nkx yx tkrk gSA
nfyr ?kjksa esa >kafd,A rks vki ik,axs fd vfèkdrj yM+fd;k¡
i=kpkj ls gh Lukrd gksrh gSa u fd jsxqyj ¼fu;fer½ dkWyst lsA
43
ifjokj dh mis{kk ds dkj.k og u rks lgh çdkj f'k{kk gh ys ikrh
gSa vkSj u gh vkj{k.k dk ykHk mBk dj jsxqyj dkWyst ;k fdlh
vPNs oksds'kuy dkWyst esa nkf[kyk ys ikrh gSaA vkSj ;fn ys Hkh ysa
rks mu dkWystksa esa i<+us okys vU; Nk=ksa dks tc tkfr dk irk
pyrk gS rks og ghu –"Vh ls nfyr Nk=ksa dks ns[krs gSaA lgh çdkj
ls f'k{kk u fey ikus ds dkj.k nfyr yM+fd;k¡ vPNh ukSdfj;ka Hkh
ugha ys ikrhA vkSj ;fn mudh ukSdjh Hkh yx tk, rks tkfr mudk
ihNk ugha NksM+rhA ,d ckj ,d pekj yM+dh dh ukSdjh ,d nqdku
esa yxhA nqdku ds ekfyd us mls 'kq: esa gh crk fn;k fd viuh
tkfr nqdku esa fdlh vkSj dks u crk,A tc dHkh xq# jfonkl
t;arh ;k okYehfd t;arh vkrh rks nqdku esa dke djus okys fgUnw
;gh dgrs fd pwM+s&pekjksa dh >k¡fd;k¡ vk jgh gSA ,sls esa ;g yM+dh
[kwu ds vkalw ihdj pqi jg tkrhA vkSj ;fn og bldk fojksèk Hkh
djrh rks fgUnqvksa dks ;g le> esa ugha vkrk fd mldk fojksèk D;ksa
gSA og D;k dg jgh gS] ;g u lksp dj og mldh tkfr ds ckjs
esa lkspus yxrsA
gekjs iM+ksl esa ,d yM+dh jgrh FkhA ek¡ &cki us xjhch esa Hkh
mldk vPNk fookg fd;kA ijUrq llqjky okyksa us mldk thuk
eqf'dy dj fn;kA gkj dj og e;ds rks vk xbZ] ij ifjokj dh
vkfFkZd gkyr vc mldk vkSj mlds cPps dk isV Hkjus dh fLFkfr
esa ugha FkhA rax vk dj mlus C;wVh ikyZj esa dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA
iSls vk, rks vPNs diM+s Hkh cuok fy,A ij mlds ru ij vPNs
diM+s Hkh yksxksa dh vk¡[kksa esa pqHkus yxsA ;g vQokg mM+k nh xbZ fd
og C;wVh ikyZj dh vkM+ esa nsg O;kikj dk dke djrh gSA ijs'kku
44
gks dj yM+dh us vius cPps ds lkFk e;dk Hkh NksM+ fn;k vkSj dgha
vkSj tk dj vdsyh jgus yxhA
nfyr dh csVh dh dgkuh la?k"kZ ls Hkjh gksrh gSA cpiu esa
ykM+&I;kj vkSj f'k{kk ls oafpr vkSj misf{kr vkSj llqjky esa ukSdj
ls Hkh cnÙkj gkyr esaA ,sls esa nfyrksa dh csfV;ksa dh ftanxh dHkh u
[kRe gksus okyk la?k"kZ cu tkrh gSA

45
 Hkkx nl
lÙkk vkSj u'ks dk O;kikj
nfyrksa dh cLrh esa nks phtsa feysaxhA ,d rks u'ks dk dkjksckj
vkSj nwljk lêk vkSj tqvkaA nfyrksa dh xjhch esa Hkh ;s nks dkjksckj
budh cfLr;ksa esa Qyrs&Qwyrs gSaA esjh le> ls ;g ckr rks ijs dh
gS fd xjhch esa bu lc ds fy, iSlk dgk¡ ls vkrk gSA gk¡ ;g ckr
t:j gS fd vehj vkneh iSls dh egRork vfèkd le>rk gSA
D;ksafd mls irk gS fd iSls ls gh iSlk curk gSA tks dsoy Je ¼dM+h
esgur½ ij fuHkZj jgrk gS] mls iSls ls vfèkd vius Je ij Hkjkslk
gksrk gSA blfy, og thrksM+ esgur djrk gS vkSj iSlk dekrk vkSj
yqVkrk gSA D;ksafd mls yxrk gS fd Je ls iSlk fQj ls vk tk,xkA
ijUrq 'kjhj dh viuh lhek gSA ,d ckj 'kjhj <+yuk 'kq: dj ns
rks vkneh ;k vkSjr mruk ifjJe ugha dj ikrsA ;g le; ls lkFk
gksrk gSA u'ks vkSj tq,a dh yr okys ds lkFk Hkh le; jgrs ,d
cnyko vkrk gSA og ;g fd ml ls bu vknrksa ls ckgj fudyk ugha
tkrkA vkSj lkFk gh og HkkX; Hkjksls gks dj ;k rks tqavk esa viuh
fdLer VVksyrk gS ;k bu cqjkb;ksa ds vkxs vius ?kqVus Vsd nsrk gSA
euq"; ekufld :i ls ,d det+ksj çk.kh gSA blh dkj.k fo'o
esa brus de yksx oSKkfud cu ikrs gSaA detksj ekufldrk ls
mcjuk euq"; ds fy, lcls cM+h pqukSfr;ksa esa ls ,d gSA cqf) dk
fodkl gksuk ,d tfVy çfØ;k gSA cqf) ekufld cqjkb;ksa dks gjk
nsrh gSA ij ;fn cqf) u gks rks euq"; lgt ;k lkèkkj.k eukso`fr
46
okyk gksrk gSA ckSf)drk dk fodkl ,d lexz ¼Holistic½ fodkl
gSA cqf) vusd rRoksa ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA f'k{kk] LokLFk;] O;kikj]
èkeZ vkfn og rRo gSa ftuls euq"; dh cqf) dk fodkl gksrk gSA
ijUrq nfyrksa dks buls oafpr j[kk x;kA ifj.kkeLo:i nfyrksa dks
i'kq ds leku cuk fn;k x;kA fQj Hkh i'kq dks nfyr ls csgÙkj gh
ugha cfYd ifo= Hkh ekuk x;kA bl çdkj fgUnw èkeZ'kkL=ksa us nfyr
dks i'kq ls Hkh cnÙkj cuk fn;kA ,d ,slk tho ftls t+ksEch dg
ldrs gSaA vkius t+ksEch fQYesa ns[kh gksaxhA bu fQYeksa esa vfèkdka'rj
;gh fn[kk;k tkrk gS fd lHkh yksx èkhjs&èkhjs ,d laØe.k dk f'kdkj
gks tkrs gSaA laØfer O;fä dsoy ,d pyrh&fQjrh yk'k cu dj
jg tkrk gSA ij vly esa t+ksEch dk fl)kar vÝhdk ls vk;k gSA
bldk lkekftd fl)kar ;g dgrk gS fd ftu yksxksa dks xqyke cuk
dj j[kk x;k] og brus VwV x, fd muds ikl vius 'kks"k.kdrkZ ds
fo#) la?k"kZ djus dh 'kfä ugha cphA og dsoy vius ekfyd dk
dke djrk gSA ;gh mldh ftanxh gksrh gSA dsoy nks oä ;k ;gk¡
rd fd ,d oä ds :[ks lw[ks Hkkstu ij xqtkjk djrk gSA vkSj ;fn
flj mBk, rks mls dBksjÙke ltk nh tk,A ;gk¡ rd fd mlds çk.k
Hkh ys fy, tk,aA vkSj ;g lc fgUnw 'kkL=ksa esa Hkh 'kwæksa ds fy,
foèkku cuk dj is'k fd;k x;k gSA
rks tc nfyrksa dks ,d t+ksEch tSlk cuk fn;k x;k rks cqf) rks
nwj muesa vius fgrksa dh j{kk djus dh psruk Hkh ugha cprhA tks
u'ks vkSj tq,a ls cpuk pkgrs gSa og vR;kfèkd èkkfeZd gks tkrs gSaA
og fujadkjh] jkèkk&Lokeh] vklkjke ;k jke jghe tSlksa ds vkJeksa
esa tk dj [kqn dks ifo= le>rs gSaA ij og bl ckr ls vutku
47
gSa fd ;g lHkh mlh fgUnw èkeZ ds ;k mlls fudys iaFkksa ds çpkjd
gSa ftldh otg ls gh nfyrksa dh ;g nqnZ'kk gqbZA ij ,d ckr è;ku
nsus yk;d gS fd u'ks vkSj lês ds dkjksckjh dkSu gSaA u'kk rhu rjg
ls fcdrk gSA ,d 'kjkc ds ljdkjh Bsdksa ijA nwljk pksjh&fNis
'kjkc csp djA vkSj rhljk LeSd] xkatk tSls u'khys inkFkks± dh fcØh
lsA igys vkSj rhljs ij iw.kZr% mPp tkfr ds fgUnqvksa dk jkt gSA
og [kqn bu u'kksa ls nwj jgrs gSa ijUrq budk O;kikj djrs gSaA nwljk
rjhdk nfyr viukrs gSa vkSj bldh cM+h dher pqdkrs gSaA blds
fy, mUgsa iqfyl dks yxkrkj iSlk nsuk iM+rk gS vkSj lekt esa viuh
çfr"Bk Hkh xaokuh iM+rh gSaA ij 'kjkc ds fgUnw O;kikfj;ksa dh çfr"Bk
de ugha gksrh] cfYd Å¡ph gh jgrh gSA eksgu eSfdu] ,fjLVksØsV]
vkfn dbZ czkaM fgUnqvksa ¼czkã.k] cfu;k vkSj {kf=;ksa½ ds gh gSa vkSj
buds ekfyd vikj laifÙk ds ekfyd gSaA ljdkj rd buls nc dj
gh jgrh gSA bUgsa eksVk dtkZ Hkh ljdkj nsrh gS vkSj buds ?kksVkys
Hkh >syrh gSA ij nfyr ;fn bUgha dh 'kjkc fcuk ykblsal ds csps
rks mls iqfyl idM+ ysrh gSA lkFk gh nfyrksa dks 'kjkc dh yr
daxky cuk nsrh gSA èku ls oafpr gksus ls Hkh vfèkd cqjk gksrk gS
u'ks vkSj lês dk vkfn gksukA vkSj ;g fLFkfr nfyrksa dks fuf"Ø; gh
ugha cfYd [kqn dks cckZn djus dh vksj vxzlj dj nsrh gSA
lês ds O;kikjh dkSu gSa \ fdlh nfyr cLrh esa ;g dkjksckj
dksbZ nfyr Hkh pyk jgk gksrk gSA ij og ,d yEch dM+h esa vafre
Nksj ij gksrk gSA lês ds eq[; dkjksckjh fgUnw ¼czkã.k] cfu;k vkSj
{kf=;½ gh gSaA vkf[kj cqjs dke djus ds fy, dkuwuh laj{k.k Hkh
pkfg, gksrk gSA vkSj Hkkjr esa ;g fgUnqvksa ¼czkã.k] cfu;k vkSj
48
{kf=;ksa½ dks gh feyrk gSA vHkh dqN o"kZ igys dkyjk ¼[k=h tkfr½
miuke okys O;fä dh dkj esa ls djksM+ksa :i;s cjken gq, FksA U;wt+
pkSuyksa us crk;k fd og fØdsV dk cM+k lVksjh gSA fQj Hkh mlds
lkFk D;k gqvk] ;g irk ugha pykA ,sls gh eukst çHkkdj ds fLVax
vkWijs'ku esa fnYyh ds cM+s usrk vkSj dbZ fganw fØdsVjksa ds lkFk
vt+gjmíhu dk uke Hkh vk;kA vkSj fØdsV dk lcls çeq[k lVksjh
dksbZ xqIrk ¼cfu;k½ miuke dk fudy dj vk;kA ,d cM+k uke Hkh
vk;kA ijUrq ljdkj us [kqn lcdks cjh dj fn;k D;ksafd cM+s
f[kykM+h fØdsV ds Hkxoku ekus tkrs Fks vkSj tSls fgUnqvksa ds [kqn
ds Hkxokuksa ij dksbZ Å¡xyh ugha mBk ldrk] blfy, muds fØdsV
ds Hkxokuksa ij Hkh dksbZ xkt ugha fxjhA gk¡] [kkukiwfrZ ds fy, dqN
fØdsVjksa dks gYdk naM ns dj NksM+ fn;k x;kA ij ;fn ,d nfyr
lkS :i;s dh tqvka Hkh [ksyrk gqvk idM+k tkrk gS rks mls tsy gks
tkrh gSA fQj ;k rks mldh iRuh ;k ek¡ vius pan xgus csp dj
;k fxjoh j[k dj mls cpkrh gSa ;k mls dbZ o"kks± dh tsy gks tkrh
gSA tt ¼U;k;kèkh'k½ Hkh nfyrksa vkSj fgUnqvksa esa bl varj dks ugha
ns[krkA D;ksafd vfèkdka'rj tt mlh Øheh ys;j ¼eykbZ [kkus okys
oxZ½ ls vkrs gSa ftls fgUnw ¼czkã.k] cfu;k vkSj {kf=;½ dgrs gSaA
fgUnw Lo;a u'ks vkSj lês ds dkjksckj ls Qyrs&Qwyrs gSa vkSj nfyr
blls tw>rs ;k blds vkxs ne rksM+ nsrs gSaA

49
 Hkkx X;kjg
O;kikj dh jkg
eSaus cpiu ls ftu nfyrksa dks Hkh O;kikj dh vkSj vxzlj gksrs
gq, ns[kk gS] mUgsa le; ds lkFk èkuoku curk Hkh ns[kk gSA fdlh us
vius ?kj ds ,d dksus esa ijpwu dh nqdku [kksy yh] fdlh us diM+s
dh nqdku] fdlh us ek¡l dh nqdku] fdlh us gyokbZ dk dke] rks
fdlh us VSaV dk dke fd;kA ftlus tSlk Hkh dke fd;k vkSj mls
eu yxk dj fd;k] og lQy gks x;kA gekjh enh iqj dh xyh esa
gh dqN ?kj ,sls Fks tks O;olk; esa 'kkfey FksA eSaus bu lHkh ?kjksa dks
Qyrs&Qwyrs ns[kkA cUnjoky vkSj èkw.kkth yksgs ds cVu cukus dk
dke djrs FksA euksgj vady vkSj vkse çdk'k ekek th pIiysa
cukrs FksA ,d vkW;y lhy cukus dk dke djrs FksA nwljh xyh esa
,d Vh-oh- & oh-lh-vkj- fdjk;s ij nsus dk dke djrk FkkA xyh
ds lkeus lkèkqjke ijpwu dk dke djrk FkkA ;g lHkh yksx le;
ds lkFk èkuoku gh cusA çseh ekyu tks lCth csprh Fkh] mlus
vkyh'kku ?kj cuk;k vkSj dbZ ekdu [kjhnsA
dqN o"kZ igys eSaus vehj cuus dh f'k{kk ysuh 'kq: dhA
baVjusV ij] iqLrdksa ds ekè;e ls o ikWMdkLV ds tfj, eSa bl Kku
dks laxzfgr djrk jgkA eSaus MkW- vEcsMdj th ds fe'ku dks vkxs
c<+kus dk dke viuk;kA ij èku ds vHkko esa vius fopkjksa dks
veyh tkek ugha iguk;k tk ldrkA eSaus MkW- vEcsMdj th ls
lEcafèkr çpkj lkexzh dks cspus dk dke fdlh O;olk; dh rjg
50
fd;kA blls ,d rks eSa fe'ku dk dke djrk jgk vkSj nwljs] èku
ds vkus ls esjk thou Hkh dV x;kA gkyk¡fd eSa vHkh Hkh fQYeksa dh
iVdFkk fy[krk gw¡ ij vHkh rd fQYeksa ds dke ls vkenuh 'kq:
ugha gks ikbZ gSA ijUrq O;olk; dh rjg fe'ku dk dke djus ls eq>s
vPNk èku Hkh çkIr gksrk gS vkSj le; Hkh fey tkrk gS fd eSa ys[ku
dk;Z d:¡A ijUrq Kku dks vius rd gh lhfer j[kuk lgh ugha gSA
;g esjs fl)karksa ds fo#) gSA Kku tuekul esa igqapuk gh pkfg,A
,sls gh ,d lH; lekt curk vkSj fodflr gksrk gSA èku dh f'k{kk
ikus vkSj èku dekus ds ckn eSaus lkspk fd gekjs yksxksa dks Hkh ;g
f'k{kk nh tk,A eSaus yksxksa dks O;kikj esa yxus ds fy, çsfjr djuk
'kq: fd;kA cgqr ls ys[k Hkh fy[ksA fQj ,d eksVh jde O;kikj
lEcafèkr iqLrdksa esa Mkyh vkSj cgqr ls yksxksa dks og iqLrdsa csphaA
bl çdkj eSaus O;olk; vkSj fuos'k dh f'k{kk dks yksxksa rd igq¡pk;kA
blh ckr dks eSaus vius ,d Hkk"k.k esa Hkh dgk Fkk fd ftruk gks lds
O;kikj ls tqM+saA gky gh esa eksnh th ds pk;&idkSM+ksa cspus dh ckr
ij vkSj xqtjkr ljdkj esa Vk;j&iaDpj fl[kkus okys dk;ZØeksa dks
ysdj dkQh migkl Hkh mM+kA ij eSa ljdkj dh ,slh igy dk i{kèkj
gw¡A ,sls NksVs&eksVs dke Hkh ;fn py tk,a rks vehjh ds fnu tYn gh
ut+j vk tkrs gSaA iatkc fLFkr yoyh çksQs'kuy ;wfuoflZVh ds
ekfyd dHkh feBkbZ cspus dk dke djrs FksA fQj mUgksaus xkfM+;ksa ds
dy&iqtks± dk dke fd;k vkSj fQj fo'kky ;wfuoflZVh gh [kksy MkyhA
gkyk¡fd ;g Hkh lR; gS fd Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa dkjksckj LFkkfir
djuk cgqr ifjJe dk dke gSA ljdkj dgus dks rks _.k nsrh gS
ijUrq bruh lh jde ls vkf[kj eYVhus'kuy daifu;ksa ls VDdj
51
dSls ysa \ vkSj O;kikj esa ,d lkeku cspus ds fy, ,d gtkj çfr;ka
de&ls&de cukuh iM+rh gSaA eky vkèkk Hkh ugha fcdk fd vkSj eky
cukuk iM+rk gS] ftlls fd LVkWd iwjk fd;k tk lds rkfd xzkgd
tc Hkh vk, mls eky fey tk,A ,sls esa èku dk vHkko jgrk gSA
ljdkj bl vHkko dks de djus ds fy, èku nsus dk dksbZ ljy
rjhdk ugha viukrhA tgk¡ rd nfyrksa dh ckr gS rks ljdkjh enn
mUgsa lcls vkf[kj esa vkSj lcls de gh feyrh gSA

52
 Hkkx ckjg
èkeZ ifjorZu
èkeZ ifjorZu esa eSa dsoy ,d çdkj ds èkeZ ifjorZu dh gh
ckr d:¡xkA vkSj og gS ckS) èkEe ¼èkeZ dks ikyh esa ^èkEe* dgrs
gSa½A D;ksafd MkW- vEcsMdj th us Lo;a bls viuk dj bldh jkg
fn[kkbZ FkhA blfy, vU; èkeks± ds ckjs esa eSa dqN ugha fy[kuk pkgrkA
èkeZ ifjorZu dh ckr vkrs gh esjs fnekx esa nks cM+s jkspd
fdLls vk tkrs gSaA ,d pkanksfy;k th dk vkSj nwljk esjh ek¡ dkA
,d Fks gekjs fj'rsnkj panksfy;k thA mudk cM+k dkjksckj FkkA ,d
ckj mUgksaus ,d Hktu laè;k j[kokbZA czkã.k iafMr FkkA mlus ekbd
ls Jheku xqIrk th dks vkus dks dgkA nks rhu ckj cqykus ij Hkh
dksbZ ugha vk;k rks yksx vkil esa ckrsa djus yxs fd ;gk¡ xqIrk rks
dksbZ gS gh ughaA rHkh pkanksfy;k th fudy dj iafMr ds ikl vk,A
rc yksxksa dks irk pyk fd pkanksfy;k th gh xqIrk th FksA fcpkjs
pkanksfy;k th dks viuk miuke Nqik dj dkjksckj djuk iM+k FkkA
mUgsa viuh igpku Nqikuh iM+hA 'kk;n blfy, D;ksafd ftu fgUnqvksa
ds lkFk og dkjksckj djrs Fks mUgsa ;g xaokjk ugha Fkk fd dksbZ nfyr
dkjksckj esa vkxs c<+ tk,A eSaus ,d nfyr dkjksckjh ds ckjs esa i<+k
Fkk fd mUgksaus dksYM fMªaDl dk O;olk; 'kq: fd;k FkkA ij tc
mudh tkfr lkeus vkbZ rks mudh fcØh de gks xbZA 1920 esa
vkxjk esa ,d pekj HkkbZ tkfr fNik dj [kkus ds lkeku dk dke
dj jgk FkkA ftl fnu fgUnqvksa dks mldh tkfr irk pyh] mlh fnu
53
mls Hkjs&ckt+kj esa ihV&ihV dj ekj MkykA esjs ,d fj'rsnkj vDlj
vjc ns'kksa esa dke djus ds fy, tkrs FksA 80 ds n'kd ds var esa
og bjkd x,A mUgksaus ?kj ij i= fy[k dj ;g fgnk;r nh fd muds
uke ds ihNs 'kekZ yxk;k djsa D;ksafd ogk¡ dke djus okys vU; fgUnw
tkfroknh ekufldrk j[krs gSaA
,sls vusd gh mnkgj.k feysaxsa ftuls ;g irk pyrk gS fd
nfyrksa ds fy, dkjksckj djuk fdruk dfBu gSA esjs ,d fj'rsnkj
vk;dj foHkkx esa lsokjr FksA mUgksaus crk;k fd ;fn dksbZ nfyr cM+k
vehj cuus yxrk gS rks ml ij rqjar vk;dj foHkkx dk Nkik
iM+rk gSA vkf[kj fgUnqvksa ds èkkfeZd 'kkL=ksa esa 'kwnzksa ds fy, ;g
foèkku fy[kk x;k gS fd mUgsa èku lap; djus dk vfèkdkj ugha gSA
mudk dke dsoy czkã.k] cfu;k vkSj {kf=; dh lsok djuk gSA bl
çdkj nfyr ftl èkeZ dks viuk ekurs gSa] mlh èkeZ esa muds iru
ds lkjs rRo ekStwn gSaA ;g ckrsa mu yksxksa dks djkjk tokc gS tks
fd vkj{k.k dk vkèkkj dsoy vkfFkZd gh j[kuk pkgrs gSaA D;k
gtkjksa o"kks± rd gekjk vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k ugha gqvkA ;fn vkfFkZdrk dks
gh vkèkkj cukuk gS rks tSls lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd 'kks"k.k mldk
vkèkkj gS rks vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k Hkh ,d vkèkkj gSA ij og dsoy vdsyk
ugha gSA D;ksafd Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd miyfCèk ds fy, igys tkfrxr
miyfCèk gksuh t#jh gSA vkf[kj rqylhnkl us ,d Kkuh o`) 'kwæ ds
ijLij ,d ckyd czkã.k dks Js"B ekuk gSA czkã.kksa us vkSj vU;
fgUnqvksa us vkj{k.k ikus ds lkjs fu;e dkuwu gtkjksa o"kks± rd rksM+sA
mUgksaus vius dks tUe ls Js"B ekuk vkSj f'k{kk] èku o lÙkk dks
dsoy vius rd gh lhfer j[kkA 'ks"k Hkkjrh;ksa dks 'kwæ eku dj
54
mudk nksgu fd;kA vkt D;k nfyrksa dks ,sls vkj{k.k feyrk gS \
D;k fdlh nfyr f'k{kd dh csVh dsoy blfy, f'k{kd cu tkrh gS
D;ksafd og tUe ls nfyr gS \ D;k fdlh nfyr tt ds csVk ;k csVh
dsoy blfy, tt cu tkrs gSa D;ksafd os nfyr gSa\ nfyrksa dks ijh{kk
ikl djuh gksrh gS vkSj tSlh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa og f'k{kk xzg.k djrs
gSa og igkM+ p<+us ds cjkcj gSA fQj Hkh fgUnqvksa dks ;g fp<+ gksrh
gS fd gesa ijh{kkvksa esa NwV D;ksa nh tkrh gSA NksVh lh NwV Hkh mUgsa
QwVh vk¡[k ugha HkkrhA bl çdkj 'kks"k.k vkSj neu djus okys èkeZ
dk fgLlk cu dj dSls jg ldrs gSa \
nfyrksa] fiNM+s oxks± ;k vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, fgUnw èkeZ esa jguk
e`r ds leku gSA gj èkeZ ,d flLVe ¼System½ ,d ç.kkyh gksrh
gSA vkSj gj flLVe fdlh ds gkFkksa esa gksrk gSA gj flLVe esa dqN
yksx Åij gksrs gSa vkSj dqN uhpsA fgUnw èkeZ dk flLVe czkã.kksa ds
gkFkksa esa gSA og gh vius lkFk nks vkSj leqnk; cuk dj 'ks"k fgUnqvksa
ij jkt djrs gSaA 'ks"k fgUnqvksa ds fy, bl èkeZ esa vieku vkSj
daxkyh ds flok; vkSj dqN ugha gSA mUgsa iqtkjh cukus ls Qk;nk ugha
gksxk] tc rd fd mUgsa lsB O;kikjh u cuk fn;k tk,A eNyh ds
fy, ty gh thou gksrk gS vkSj ty ls ckgj fudkyus ij og ej
tkrh gSA ,sls gh èkeZ ty ds leku gksuk pkfg, tks fd thou nsus
okyk gksA ij nfyrksa] vkfnokfl;ksa vkSj fiNM+s oxks± ds fy, rks fgUnw
èkeZ esa jg dj gh iru dk Hkfo"; fy[kk gSA
esjh ek¡ esjs fy, fj'rk ryk'kus ,d eafnj tk;k djrh FkhA rc
rd og ckS) èkEe ls :c: gks pqdh FkhA muls eafnj dk iqtkjh

55
tkfr iwNrkA crkus ij iqtkjh dgrs fd vkidks rks viuh tkfr esa
gh fj'rk [kkstuk iM+sxkA fQj og nwljs eafnj esa xbZA ogk¡ tkfr
iwNus ij mUgksaus dgk fd] ^eSa ckS) gw¡A^ ;g ,d ØfUrdkjh ?kVuk
FkhA ogk¡ fj'rk Hkys u feyk gks ij esjh ek¡ ds lEeku dks Bsl ugha
igqaphA mUgksaus vius lEeku dk ekxZ [kkst fy;k FkkA ij dqN fgUnw
;gha ugha #drsA og iwNrs gSa fd ckS) cuus ls igys D;k Fks \ og
Hkwy tkrs gSa fd ftudks 'kwæ] vNwr] fu"kkn ¼ouoklh½ ekuk x;k vkSj
ftudk czkã.kksa us ;Kksiohr djuk can dj fn;k Fkk] os igys ls gh
fgUnw èkeZ ls ckgj dj fn, x, FksA ftUgsa eafnj esa gh ugha tkus fn;k
tkrk Fkk D;k og dHkh ml èkeZ dk fgLlk Fks \ vkSj ;fn gekjs
bfrgkl vkSj mudh laL—fr dk vè;Uu fd;k tk, rks irk pysxk
fd os ckS) fopkjèkkjk ls feyrh gSA rks gekjs iwoZt ckS) FksA tks
ckS)ksa ds ujlagkj ds dkj.k viuh igpku cnyus dks etcwj gks x,
FksA rks tc gekjs iwoZt ckS) Fks rks ge Hkh ckS) gSaA ;gh tokc gS
gekjkA fgUnw èkeZ vkSj fganqRo dsoy ,d "kM;a= gS ftldh vkM+ esa
czkg.k] cfu;k vkSj {kf=; fNi tk,a vkSj 'ks"k yksxksa dks fgUnw crk
dj eqlyekuksa ls yM+ok,aA 1947 ls igys ;g "kM;a= 'kq: fd;k
x;k Fkk ftlls fd lo.kZ viuh tula[;k c<+k dj crk ldsa vkSj
fczfV'k ljdkj eqlyekuksa dh rjg 'kwæksa dk vyx jk"Vª u cuk nsA
vkSj ;fn lkEçnkf;d tul¡[;k ds vkèkkj ij çfrfufèkRo feyrk rks
'kwæksa] nfyrksa vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa dh cM+h tul¡[;k gksus ds dkj.k
mudks vfèkd çfrfufèkRo feyrk vkSj lo.kks± dks mudh tul¡[;k ds
fglkc lsA ij lcdks fganqRo dh Nki nsus dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd

56
gekjk çfrfufèkRo rks lhfer gks x;k vkSj fgUnqvksa ¼cfu;k] {kf=;
vkSj czkã.kksa½ ds gkFkksa esa lÙkk pyh xbZA
euq"; ds fy, bTtr lcls cM+h fufèk gSA isV rks tkuoj dk
Hkh Hkj tkrk gSA ij tc bruh csbTtrh gks fd i'kq ls Hkh cnÙkj
ekuk tk, rks dkSu ,sls flLVe esa jguk pkgsxk\

57
 milagkj
bl miU;kl ds lkFk ,d ;qx lekIr gksrk gSA og ;qx Fkk neu
lgus dk vkSj 'kks"k.kdrkZ ds fo#) vkokt ugha mBkus dkA nks
vçSy 2018 dks gq, Hkkjr can us ml neudkjh ;qx dk var dj
fn;k gSA gekjs nl cPpksa dh tkusa ml fnu pyh xb±A ;g os ugha
Fks tks vkj{k.k dk ykHk mBk jgs FksA ;g os ugha Fks tks nfyrksa ls iSlk
dekus dh lksprs FksA ;g os Fks ftuesa vkRelEeku bruk tkxk fd
og bl vkRelEeku dh yM+kbZ esa eSnku esa vk x,A eSa gh ugha cfYd
lkjk lekt vkSj vkusokyh ihf<+;ka mudks ;kn j[ksaxhA xqtjkr esa
nfyrksa dh ccZj fiVkbZ ls 'kq: gq, bl vkanksyu esa leLr Hkkjr ds
yksxksa us Hkkx fy;kA ;g igyh ckj Fkk tc Hkkjr ds nfyr lekt
us viuh 'kfä dks nqfu;k ds lkeus j[kkA bruh fo'kky tul¡[;k
vkSj brus ifjJeh yksx gh vkusokys le; esa viuk Hkfo"; lqugjs
v{kjksa esa fy[ksaxsA vkusokyk le; gekjk gSA ge ekuo dk og fgLlk
gS ftls nck dj j[kk x;kA gesa f'k{kk] O;kikj vkSj lÙkk ls ckgj
j[kk x;kA ij vc ge tkx pqds gSaA gesa irk gS fd gekjs lkFk D;k
gqvk vkSj gekjh fLFkfr D;k gSA gesa vius lkFk gq, "kM;a=ks dk irk
py x;k gSA vc gesa eknh iqj dh mu rax xfy;ksa esa ugha ?kqVuk gSA
gesa cjkcj ds vfèkdkj pkfg,A gesa cjkcj ds volj vkSj lkèku
pkfg,A gesa vkxs c<+uk gSA vkus okys le; esa gekjh vkokt
xwatsxhA Hkkjr gh ugha cfYd fo'o esa gesa ,d ubZ igpku feysxhA
viuh fu;fr ds vkxs ?kqVus Vsdus okyksa dh ugha cfYd vkRelEeku
ds fy, yM+us okyksa dhA vkt ds nfyr dy ds 'kkld gksaxs tks
58
Hkxoku cq) dh lksp ls ekuorkoknh lH;rk dh uhao j[ksaxsA mUgsa
yM+uk gS u dsoy tkrikr ls gh ugha cfYd gj ml cqjkbZ ls tks
ekuo dks uhps fxjkrh gS vkSj mls detksj cukrh gSA
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&lekIr&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

59