AN ANCIENT MATH Woro§?know geometry: A study of physical shapes. Literally, geometry means “omeasurethek=rth ou may recall from Chapter | that numbers Y invented fo oun hngs—lox example herdsman needed to keep track of how many E herdsman may als ave been interested in measuring how ruc! sheep had to graze on. Ti evolved into one of the ear mathematics: geometry For thousands of years, many people from aro known the importance of geometry. The Chinese the Greeks in the Mediterranean, Americus studied ¢ his ems like it and most important branches of sand oll prc the world have he Ter East, the Inca and Maye in the metry of years ago. Shape Changers ‘These are the shape- A|D|G TIMLP s change codes for the pure B/E|H KiNIQ TX V you are about fo solve. Clee bolir uU Notice that each letter is found in Now use the decoder fo figure out the answer to this a unique shape. To send a message, | riddle: WHAT DO GEOMETRY TEACHERS LIKE TO EAT? draw the oulline of the shape each letter is in, including the dot, if there eee = is one. For example, here is how to S send the message LOOK AT THAT!: LOOm Ar THAT | os So ee Rta. Si Se el | (ial Ux Seascape penepene ry eaapeoape Tee pennaTpE per pene peer wn Chapter 11 | ai ml iy M | 5 mfigures and properties. nter here. Although you won't high school, you en along line and a e, and you air Six-Sided Math Here are four big hexagone that share some edges with each other. Use the numbers from 1 to 9 to fill in the empty spaces. When the puzzle is finished, the eix numbers around every big hexagon should add up to 80. polygon: Ageomettical gute with threeor ‘mote sides. The term pelygon is from the Gresk roots peli many) and gonus (knees). Greeks thought of 2 polygon as a shape of manyangles, which look Thebenthnees eee ecw} Cr ed Perl mae ri! CUT urs Cee] Secu eees rset tees eeepc LTO Eee {Pup Hye Chapter 6 : | Q ol | Appendixa Hide in Plain Sight Co) See if you can find thie list of basic geometry terms hidden in the letter grid. HINT: The wordsin the grid will be‘acting out" their meaning, For example, if you were searching for the word CIRCLE, expect to find the letters in a circular pattem, not a straight line! This means that some of the words will appear more than once in the puzzle, even if they only appear oncein the list! EXTRA CREDIT: Use bright-colored markers to run alline through each word you find. if you use a different color for each word, the pattems will be easier to see Words to Search For noms VWMOBVHIKCWFRIHE ito mepiemce ATHE TROP EG RUML Gc meme terec nese NWM VS FIENHEZEHM Right Anglo GIV///VROHNENEO Mesethcteomentoner | PK ZEHOPC- TEI PL Pependeabr somes EOWMCFWEMVIOLAE MukedGnesneay CHIR T OVN FR Ecc & Rk - re SOCSJTHSDVLETNAL Exactly equal in shape and area, SYKV LYK TOGNATL A ui The path mode by a moving poi, MTA AAZMCTKOHLLR Ducinoiworeamcenmenee’ SY ARAYSUGRUKEEA Ree nota muscar OLCaA AL ATKne LN HLErO NrL Pe Bist vathanes FYIJYHYKAOHNFIOC Remetsts oe: SOFSOTSRC—TVLMO Aareviniow sda Y PERPENDICULAR I oe al magePaper Folding Origami is the art of folding paper. You com make lots of intricate figures with origami; in fact, you may have seen an origami crane—one of the mos! popular origami animals, Tao paper cranes are so well known because of Sadako, aJapanase girl who was dyiner of leukernia, Sadako heard an ald legend: Ifa sick persen folds one Sadako-and Her Paper Cranes how to make paper cranes in memoryot Sadako.Visitwmw.personal, -adysart/origamifccane/ ara how to. make these paper ‘creatures. thousand origami cranes, the gods will grant her wish and make her healthy again, And so, she act oul on a quest to fold one thousand cranes Unfortunately, Sadako died before completing her project. Ever since then, people have been making origami cranes in memory of this bright girl. Life of the Party Maich each name to Its geometric shape, numbering each shape as you go. Then, take the leiter in ecich shape and place iti 1. Triangle 6. Ellipse 2. Circle 7. Pentagon 3. Rectangle 8. Hexagon 4. Trapezoid 9. Octagon 5. Rhombus Without geometry, life would be: 3 7\8|9 12/3|4|5|6 Mpa ee 7 8 “ol ct an old saying, PPETE Epa rapTEETT TE Uebel mdCIRCULAR REASONING ou have already learned something cbout circles in Chapter 1. Cucles Y re certainly mysterious. The center of thecircle ts exnetly the same distance to any point on the circle; that distance is known as the radius. cute circles cannot be measured by a ruler, you cant really divide them: inte inches or feet—but we can divide them into dagrees. cs) Puce must is just as round! Going Around in Circles Find your way around the circles from start to end. Cree ei rl eens Cire) Ho 360 Circles Acieleiscividedinre 360degrees. But didyoukrow ‘thata golf ballhas 360cimples? Coincidence? Wethinknot! Tol Teen ee geen e mThe Mébius Strip Who knew that simple strip of paper —— would be the subject of a puzzle problem, ~~ S and that a man named Mobius would be a ae) forever remembered for it? Here is he Mébius strip worke. a Mobius strip works. eee 1. Take a long strip of paper—you as a can make one by cutting « piece of ee paper in several paris and taping them together to make one long strip. 2. Drerw «i circle on the top cf the lett end and ene on top of the night e: 8. With one end in each hand, twist the paper once and then bring the two ends together ond tape them together with the circles touching. This special loop is called a Mobius strip. 4. Now, take a black crayon and drenv a line down the middle of the paper strip: keep going until you get back to where you started, Here Ie your first sur- prise: Your pen mark went from the outside to the inside and back. If you drove a miniature car over your sitip, you would race over the “top’ and "bottom" and find ine and the nish line are the same place. Now, take a pair of scissors and cut along the line you drew. You might think you would get two separate rings, just as you would when you cut normal ring ef paver. Here is your second surprise: You get one really big loop with several twists in i Por the third surprise, cut this long loop in half again, it is Nind-Boggling! For enoutof-this-worldexperience, play tictactoe on the surface of atorusor akicin bottle instead ofa fat piece of paper st wuewnortaner oigiaseke The ‘mazeisalsoalotoffun, butthechess ‘game isfor expert playerscnly. star 5. wrepenyperry Chapter 6TAMPERING WITH TRIANGLES. of any BE at could: vary by the length of their sides: Triangles with three sides Triangles with two sides Triangles with theee dif- of equal length are equi- of equal length are ferent cidee are scalene lateral triangles. isosceles triangles. triangles. But that's not all! Thangl st A triangle is equienguler A triangle is a right A triangle fs A triangle ie soute if (and, therefore, equilat- triangle if one of its obtuse if one of all three of is angles eral) if all ite angles are angles measures 90 ifs angles is larger are smaller than 90 congruent (same). degrees [and two of then 90 degrees. degrees. its sides are per- pendicular to each other). Pe ee Le ee a DeeTriangle Numbers. ‘Trangular numbers are found in the number of dots that can be u: make an equilateral triangle (triangle with three equal sites). The illustrations represent 3, 6, 10, and 1S. Can you see a pattern here? Draw a picture or add numbers to find the next three triangular The Last Straw unter IF you take three drinking straws, you ean easily “9 pur 92 ‘12 40 aquinu 94g ou 24) arrange them into one triangle that has three equal sides. Now, suppose you have eix drinking etrawe. Can you arrange them into FOUR triangles, all with ‘equal sides? Rear cd Graeme isd Sar HINT: You rosea nic’ so Mrs Peer icy A ee OBE PEEP REET ER_E PEEP RPE TPT TPP TEP Ty PAT pEPEE pa Pel OL MDGet +0 the Point! Color every triangle in this puzzle to find the answer fo the following riddle: If you have fen cats in a box and one jumps out, how many are left? THN eH eee Te nee OT FTE CPOE TCT TT ee eer ee aoe Re aer eT eyMagic Pentagrams This puzzle is just for fun— there's no right or wrong answer! Choose a number found on one of the pointe of a pentagram. Now, point to all the pentagrams on which this number can be found. Add the lege number found in the center of those pentagrams. The sum will be the number that you chose! Share the magic pentagram trick with a friend, or try making your own pentagram puzzle using different numbers. Gargantuan Geometry Did you know that ane of the largest pen: ‘tagonsin the worldis right here in the United States? Thar’ right—the Pentagon building just outside Washington, D.C., which serves as the headquar- ters of the Department of Defense, isso big that theNationalCapitolcouldfitinto any one ofits five wedge-shaped sactions. To get aroun inside, there are 175 miles of corridors! Want to know more fascinating facts about this prominent polygon? Check out wivw.fortamerica.com/ebout- SpiroGraphs Create your own SpicoGraph design at wwemath.ucsd.edu/~dlittle/java/ SplroGraph.html-Therearesuggestions {or the different settings: try them all. Make the String of Pearls for someone: special. the pentagon hiral open p ery an peepee penepereereperepay | napa ea Ml 1 ml rl | | rT TTT HTT al Apel!ON A TREASURE HUNT reasure, nous outlaw Cash Steele hid the money ke © I Uncler the dirt floor of his cabin . In the hayloft of his bern. hs the Steele family cemetery. 1 is what olso Penny knew: . High up in the branches of the Lone Pine Tree, 1. Her fathor wae aftaid of ghoots and . On top of Windy Hill, wouldn't want his money close to the In the cave to the east of Windy Hil cemetery. In the old mine shaft. 2. Cash Steele did not like emall dark . At the fop of the windmill. placoc either. . In a pile of dinosaur bones. 3. Ihe butied the money, it would be to . Down at the bottom of the well. ‘the north of his cabin. 4. Ihe hid it aboveground, it would be south of the eabin. 5. If he didn't hide it in the well, then he didn't hide it in the windmill, ether. leay What is it? ssible hiding place. one (See expionation.) ron page 129 for an pepe a npr rl 3A? fh ie & z 3 € aX. windmill N ANd we Ae 8 Windy Hill | FLnpeaeprr penser rpereyeyepare prayer ey aye prep rre peep eepereP erp ee Seen ee eee nna ES eT 91 | AppendixA Gquere Deal Bogin at reach all letter of the elphabet. 424313424 212434212 12432 34.23 8 4 S2 253.4 1 AS2tHH12 12 382 2.3041 12 3293 42.3 2d 2 2 424131424 The Domino Effect white number 4 thet is the dark box. Move up, down, or eide- Depth of the Matter What's the differonce between a zquateand ‘acube? Thenumberef dimensions. Squares aretwo-dimensional they havelengtharc ‘width, Cubes are thrae-dimensianal they have length, width, and depth), two-dimensional Do you knew how to play dominoes? See i you can figure it out by filling in the missing squares. HINT: Each number, from 1 to 6, can only be used once, eal 8 spuspnye Peep peep PHTPicture This Look af the patterns below. Try to picture which shapes can be folded info a square box thal has four sides, a fop, and a botiom. Circle the correct answers. HINT: Having trouble pic- turing this in your mind? Use a ruler and a pen to draw the shapes onlo heavy paper, cul therm aut, and see which shapes will actually fold into a box.