Earthquakes are the vibrations in the ground that result from movement

along breaks in Earth's lithosphere.

Fault is a break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward,
away from, or past another.

Seismic waves energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth

Focus a location inside Earth where semic waves originate and rocks first
move along a fault and from which semic waves originate.

Epic center is the location on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's
focus.

Primary waves also called p-waves, cause particles in the ground to move in
a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring.

Secondary waves they cause particles to move up and down at right angles
relative to the direction the wave travels.

Surface waves cause particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling
motion, similar to ocean waves.

Seismologists Scientists that study earthquakes

Seismometer measures and records ground motion and can be used to

determine the distance seismic waves travel.
Seismogram a graphical illustration of seismic waves.

Volcano is a vent in Earth's crust through which melted or molten rock flows.

Magma molten rock below Earth's surface.

Lava molten rock that erupts into Earth's surface.

Hot spots volcanoes that are not associated with plate boundaries.

Shield volcanoes are common along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic
hot spots.

Composite volcanoes are large, steep sided volcanoes that result from
explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolite lava and ash along convergent
plate boundaries.

Cinder cones are small, step sided volcanoes that erupt gas-rich, basaltic
lavas.

Volcanic ash tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass high into the
atmosphere.

Viscosity a liquids resistance to flow.

1 Along which type of plate boundary do the deepest earthquakes occur?
A convergent
B divergent
C assive
D transform

2 The Richter scale registers the magnitude of an earthquake by

determining the

A amount of energy released by the earthquake.

B amount of ground motion measured at a given distance from the

earthquake.

C descriptions of damage caused by the earthquake.

D type of seismic waves produced by the earthquake.

3 Which state has no active volcanoes?

A California
B Hawaii
C New York
D Washington
4 Which type of fault is shown in the diagram above?
A normal
B reverse
C shallow
D strike-slip

5 Which feature is labeled with the letter A in the diagram above?

A a caldera
B a chain of hot spot volcanoes
C a mid-ocean ridge
D a sub ducting tectonic plate

6 Which term describes a fast-moving avalanche of hot gas, ash, and rock
that erupts from an explosive volcano?
A ash fall
B cinder cone
C lahar
D pyroclastic flow

7 Earthquakes occur along the San Andreas Fault. Which is an example of

this type of plate boundary?
A convergent
B divergent
C passive
D transform
8 Hot spot volcanoes ALWAYS
A appear at plate boundaries.
B erupt in chains.
C form above mantle plumes.
D remain active
9 What do the circles represent in the map of seismic activity illustrated
above?
A the distance between waves
B the distance to an earthquake epicenter
C the seismic wave speeds
D the wave travel times

10 According to the map, where is the earthquake epicenter?

A Berkeley
B Los Angeles
C Mammoth Lakes
D Parkfield

11 Where do seismic waves originate?

A above ground
B epicenter
C focus
D seismogram