Globalizacija I Glokalizacija Zbornik 2017

ʒʚʝʐʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʸʏʗʒʚʝʙʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʸʏ
GLOBALIZATIONƬGLOCALIZATION
ʒʚʝʐʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʮʗʒʚʝʙʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʮ
ʒʚʝʐʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʸʏʗʒʚʝʙʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʸʏ
ʛˈ˥˖ː˃˓ˑˇːˋ˕ˈˏ˃˕˔ˍˋˊ˄ˑ˓ːˋˍ
GLOBALIZATIONƬGLOCALIZATION
Thematic Collection of Papers of International Significance
ʒʚʝʐʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʮʗʒʚʝʙʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʮ
ʛˈˉˇ˖ː˃˓ˑˇː˞ˌ˕ˈˏ˃˕ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˌ˔˄ˑ˓ːˋˍ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
2017.
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸̻͇́́̈́̓̈́́̀͠͏̸́͠ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵
(-0#"-*;"5*0/(-0$"-*;"5*0/Thematic Collection of Papers of International Significance
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͌ͻͰͯͳͶͳͳͺͻͳͻͰͯͳͶͳ&EJUPST͉Ͱͯͪ͵ͽ͹ͻΆ
͈ͻ͹Ϳͯͻ͌ͻ͹΃͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
͈ͻ͹Ϳͯͻ̺Ͷͪͯͳͷͳͻ͐͹Ͷ͹ͬͳΕ
̽͹΁ͯͻ͇ͶͳͬͰͻͪͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ-͊ͪͬͳΕ
͉Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͲͰ͸ͽͳ
Prof. dr Ewa J. Bujwid-Kurek, ͪͭ͠ͰͶ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ ; ̓ͻͪ͵͹ͬ;, ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ Ͳͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ (͈͹Γͼ͵ͪ)
͈ͻ͹Ϳͯͻ̺Ͷͪͯͳͷͳͻ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ (͊ͻͫͳΒͪ)
Prof. dr Jaffar Sahib, Zavia University (Lybia)
́Ͳͯͪͬͪ΂ͳ
͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
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̈́Ͱ͵ͽ;ͻͪͳ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ;ͻͪͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ
͆ͰͬͰ͸ͪ̿ͳͬͳΕ
͈́ͬͪͳͬΓͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
̈́Ͱ͵ͽ;ͻͪͳ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ;ͻͪͳͺͻͰͬ͹ͯ
͊͸Ͱͱͪ͸ͪ̀Ͱ΂ͰͬͳΕ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵
͊;Ͳͪ͸ͪ͊ͽ͹Β͵͹ͬͳΕ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵
̹͹ͫͪ͸͊ͽͪ͸͹ΒͰͬͳΕ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵
͋Ͱ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ
̿ͰΓ͵͹͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ
́ͯͰΒ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵͹ͻͳ΁ͪ
̹͹ͻͳͼ͈͹ͺ͹ͬͳΕ
͑ͽͪͷͺͪ
Graficolor ̓ͻͪΓͰͬ͹
͋ͳͻͪͱͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵ͪ
ISBN 978-86-81319-11- ͊͊̽
ISBN 978-86-6349-083- ͍͍̓ͅ
ISBN 978-86-7419-297- ͈́͊
͋ͰͶͰ͵͹ͷ͊ͻͫͳΒ̹ͪͪͯͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͳ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͲ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͳͼ;ͳͲͯͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ
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͈͉̻͇̺͇͉̾̽ ............................................................................................................................................ xv
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Democracy as an Instrument of Global Struggle for Domination ................................................... 1¢9
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CantoniTBUJPO %FMJOFBUJPO %JWJTJPOAbout Some Serbian Intellectuals’
Proposals for a Compromise Solution to the Kosovo Problem .................................................... 10¢
A͸̸ͪͅ͸ͯͻͰΒͰͬͳΕ
͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
4IBLFTQFBSFͪOE(MPCBMJ[BUJPO ......................................................................................................... 26¢39
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Mondialism and Further Destruction of the Spiritual Unity of Serbs ......................................... ¢
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The Kosovo Conflict and Options for its Resolving....................................................................... 66¢
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Borders as an Issue of Confrontation of the Global and the National
in Serbian Daily Newspapers............................................................................................................. 76¢88
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Refraction of the Globalization Process in Kosovo and Metohija –
5IF#FHJOOJOHTPG*OUFSOBUJPOBMJ[BUJPOPGi'SP[FOu&UIOJDConflict ........................................ 89¢100
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ / Globalization & (MPDBMJ[BUJPO̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ
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Cultural Identity of Young People Under the Effects of Globalization ................................... 101¢113
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͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͰͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ................................................................................................................... 114¢120
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Globalization and National Identity – The Perception of Youth ............................................. 121¢136
ͅͳͻ̺ͪ͊ͳͯͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ MͳͶͳ΁̸ͪ͠͸ͯͰͬͼ͵ͳ
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Globalization Through the Prism of the New Information-
Communication Technology ........................................................................................................ 137¢149
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Brexit ͳ͸͹ͬͪͼͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ
Brexit and the New Image of EU Corporate World ................................................................... ¢161
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Tabloidization of the Press in Serbia as a Result of Globalization ........................................... 162¢177
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Social Status of Youth in Kosovska Mitrovica as a Consequence
of the Process of Globalization and War in Kosovo and Metohija .......................................... 178¢189
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Warning Signs Regarding a Frozen Conflict in the Balkans ..................................................... 190¢203
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The Impact of Global Changes on the Security of Small Countries of
the Western Balkans ....................................................................................................................... 204¢
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Antinomies of Globalization in the Modern World .................................................................. 216¢229
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the Case of Serbia........................................................................................................................... 244¢
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Interwining of Cultures vs. the Imposition of One Culture ...................................................... 263¢
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Behavioural Addictions in Serbia and Montenegro ................................................................... 276¢291
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Era of (Russian) Gas in Europe – "MTPJOUIF#BMLBOT ............................................................. 292¢301
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Identities and Roles of Teachers in the Globalized Society ....................................................... 302¢321
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̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ – ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
Globalization and Glocalization – The Example of Islamic Culture........................................ 337¢349
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̽;΃ͪ͸͵ͪ͠ͅ͹ͬ͹ͬͳΕ ̽ͪͬͳͯ͠͹ͬ͹ͬͳΕ
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Competition of the Western Balkans Countries Under the Conditions of Globalization .... ¢363
"MFLTBOEBS+PLJǃ
Yugoslavia, the Target of International Justice
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪ ͷͰͽͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;Όͪ............................................................................. 364¢381
̹ͻͪ΁͹͈̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳΕ
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(MPCBM&DPOPNJD8BSBOE)VNBOJUBSJBO*OUFSWFOUJPOT .......................................................... 382¢392
́ͻͳ͸̹ͪ̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳΕ
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Glocalization of Social Inequalities .............................................................................................. 393¢401
#PHEBOB4,PMKFWJǀ
Resovereignization and Politics of the People
͉Ͱͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ...................................................................................... 402¢410
̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͪͻ̺̓͹ͼͽͳΕ ̺Ͷͪͯͳͷͳͻ̺̓͹ͼͽͳΕ
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The Role of the Elite in the Conditions of Globalization and the
World Economic Crisis.................................................................................................................. 411¢4
̹ͳͼͰͻ͵͉ͪ̓͹΃ͪͻͪ΁
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Some Aspects of Social Conflicts in Post–%BZUPO#PTOJBBOE)FS[FHPWJOB .......................... 426¢434
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͸͹ͬͳͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹
.VMUJMJUFSBDZJO&EVDBUJPOB(MPbal Means of Communication and New Esperanto .......... 4¢4
ͪͅͻͳΒͪ͸ͪ͋ͪͅ͵ͼͳͷ͹ͬͳΕ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ
(MPCBMJ[BUJPO )VNBO3FTPVSDFTBOE"EBQUBUJPOUP$IBOHFT ................................................ 4¢460
ͅͳ΀ͪΒͶ͹͈ͪͅ͸ͳΕ ͅͳ΃ͪ͊ͅͽ͹Βͪͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ
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Objectivity of Media Reporting in Conflict Situations .............................................................. 461¢473
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;PSBO%.BUFWTLJ DVTILB/.BUFWTLB
3FMJHJPVT$POGMJDUTBOE%JBMPHVFJOUIF3FQVCMJDPG.BDFEPOJB
Past Challenges and Future Possibilities in the Global Society
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͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸.ͅͳͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ
͉ͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ – ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
The Radicalization of Global Inequalities – An Open Issue ..................................................... 483¢496
͊ͻΌͪ͸MͅͳͶͪ΃ͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̀͹ͻͪ͸̹͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ
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i'BLF/FXTuBT'BDUPSTJO$SJTJT4JUVBUJPOT ................................................................................ 497¢10
̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻͪ̿ͅͳͶͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ
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ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
The Importance of Information Communication Technologies for Accelerating
the Process of Globalization . ....................................................................................................... 11¢
͠ͰͶͰ͸ͪ̀ͅͳͶͳΕ
̽Ͱ
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(De)constructing the Discourse of Globalization in the Novel Foe by J. M. Coetzee 2¢39
́ͬͪ͸͉ͪͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ
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Solidarity in the Globalizing Society – The Acceptance of Children With
Disabilities in the Educational System in Kosovo and Metohija .............................................. 40¢48
͡;ͫͳ͸͵͹ͅͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹
The National and the Universal .................................................................................................... 49¢61
̹ͳΓͪ͸ͪ͐ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ͑͹΃͹
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ͺͻͳͷΒͰͻ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
National Deviant Phenomenon – The Republic of Srpska Between the
Global and the Local ....................................................................................................................... 62¢72
̺Ͱͼ͸ͪ̽ͅͳͶͽ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͊͸Ͱͱͪ͸͈ͪ͊͹ͺͳΕ
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The Willingness of Serbia for Adaptation to Climate Changes ................................................ 73¢
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̀͹ͻͪ͸̽͆ͰͯͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ
̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ́ͫͻ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ;
K͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
The .BJO#SJEHFPOUIF3JWFS*CBSThe Cultural Element and the Symbol of
Inter-ethnic Divisions in Kosovska Mitrovica ............................................................................ ¢
͉ͪͯͳ΁ͪ͆ͅͰͯͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ
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0SUIPEPYZBOE(MPCBMJ[BUJPO$IBMMFOHFT5IF'VUVSFPG0SUhodox Religion if
5IFSFJT0OF ................................................................................................................................... ¢612
̻͆ͪͯͪ͆͹ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ
Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸;
Globalization and Workers' Strikes and Protests Against the
Changes of Labour Law in Serbia and the Wider Region .......................................................... 613¢626
̿ͪͻ͵͹̺͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ
Frozen Kosovo Conflict ................................................................................................................. 627¢644
̹ͳΓͪ͸͈ͪͪͬͅͶ͹ͬͳΕ
̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;͹΂;ͬͪΔ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
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The Importance of Teaching Musical Culture of Kosovo and Metohija for Preserving
Particularities of the Regional Music Creativity in the Process of Globalization ................... 6¢6
ͪ͠ͼ͸͈ͪͪ͡ͻͶͳΕ̹͹ͱ͹ͬͳΕ
͈͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ
;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
Pupils’ Position at Rudolf Steiner School as a Possible Segment of the Reform
in the Era of Globalization............................................................................................................. 6¢6
͉ͪͯͷͳͶ͹̹͈Ͱ͵ͳΕ
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͳͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ– ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ
΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸͹ͷ
The Conflicts and Pervasion of the National and Universal – The Affiliation of
4UFMFT UIF)FS[FHPWJOJBO/FDSPQPMJT5IBUXBT%FDMBSFEUIF8PSME)FSJUBHF ...................... 676¢691
̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͪͻ͈ͅͰͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
͈ͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;
Interwining of Cultures and Impositions of Values in the Global World of Today .............. 692¢704
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ͪ͠ͼͷͳ͸͈ͪ͊Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ, ͇ͶͳͬͰͻͪ͊ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ͊ͪͬͳΕ
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ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
8IPBSFUIF"DUPSTPGUIF%FTUBCJMJ[BUJPOPG1FBDFJO,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB
The Results of a Research on the Student Population ............................................................... 7¢720
͉ͪͯͳͬ͹ΒͰ͈͊Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
K͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ;– ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ
The Collision of Colonial and National Consciousness in Globalism ..................................... 720¢730
͉͆ͪͯͪͪͯͅ;΃͵ͳ
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ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
Empirical Research on Religious Affiliation of the Population in Serbia................................ 731¢742
ͅͳͽͻ͉ͪͅͰΓͳΕ
͌͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
Unification and Differences in the Glocalization Process

(A View From the Sebian Language) ........................................................................................... 743¢74
̽ͪ͸ͳͶ͹͉͑͹͸΂ͰͬͳΕ, ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͪͻ̸͋͸ͽͳΕ
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Globalization and the Labour Status of Local Civil Servants .................................................... 7¢766
͇ͫͻͪͯ̽͊ͪͷͪͻΘͳΕ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͲͯͰ͸ͪ΁͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͶͪͻͼ͵ͰͰͺͳͿͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
Global Well of Cultural Fluidity and Lares Epiphany of Cultural Identity ............................. 767¢778
(MJHPSͅ4BNBSEßJǀ, /BUBØB#4BNBSEßJǀ
Romanization as the Concept of Globalization
͉͹ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ .............................................................................. 779¢792
̽ͻͪͭͪ͸͊ͅͳͷͰ;͸͹ͬͳΕ
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The Return of the Nation-State and Destiny of Globalization ................................................. 793¢801
̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͪͻ͊ͅͽͰͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ, A͸ΌͰͶͪ̽̓ͰΓͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ
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Conflicts Among Migrants on Religious Grounds During Exile ............................................. 802¢81
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̻͹ͻͯͪ͸̺ͪ͊ͽ͹ΒͳΕ
́͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
Internationalization of Economy and the Possibilities of the Regulation of
Economic Processes ....................................................................................................................... 816¢832
͊ͪΔͪ͆͊ͽ͹Β͵͹ͬͳῈͶͪͽͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͉ͪ͸͵͹͈͊͹ͬͳΓ
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͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ
Protection of Basic Workers’ Rights Under the Conditions of Globalization – The
Significance of International Framework Agreements .............................................................. 833¢842
͊͸Ͱͱͪ͸ͪ͊͊ͽ͹Β΃ͳ͸, ͠͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͐ͅͳ͵ͳΕ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹–Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͱͰ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ– ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ
ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ
The Global-Local in the Representation of Woman in Serbia – Content Analysis
of Womenʮs Magazines ................................................................................................................. 843¢8
"MFYJT5SPVEF
L’identite nationale française et la culture globale
͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ...................................................... 8¢872
̹͹ͱͳͯͪͻ͍͊ͳͶͳͺ͹ͬͳΕ
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ– ͳͲͷͰΌ;͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ
People, Nation and Inter-ethnic Relations – Between the Quantitative
and Qualitative Approach ............................................................................................................. 873¢88
͉ͪͬͳͶΊ͉ͪ΀ͳͷΊ͸͹ͬ͸͎ͪͳͼͪͷ;ͽͯͳ͸͹ͬͪ, ̈́ͪͻͳͼ̺ͪͪͶͰͻ·Ͱͬ͸̻ͪͻͳ΃ͪ͵͹ͬͪ
́͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ
Integration Processes in the Post-Soviet Space ........................................................................... 886¢89
͈Ͱͽͻ̾ͬͭͰ͸·Ͱͬͳ΂͏ͪͻ·͵͹ͬ
́ͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳΊͬͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸͹ͭ͹
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͳͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ͵ͪ͵ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͼͷΊͭ΂Ͱ͸ͳΊ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬͳ
ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ͸ͪͺͻΊͱͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ͉ͬ͹ͼͼͳͳ
͇ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪ
ͼͷͳͻͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ;͉;ͼͳΒͳ ......................... 896¢91
xii
̽;΃͵͹͐ͅͰͶͳΕ
͈͹ͼͽ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͪͻͰͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͶͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ– ͼͽͪΔͰͳͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ
(Post)conflict Restitution of Property Rights on Real Estates of Forcibly Displaced Persons
from Kosovo and Metohija – Situation and Perspectives ......................................................... 916¢933
͊ͻΌͪ͸͑͡Γ;͵ͳΕ, ͪͅͻͳ΁ͪ͆͑Γ;͵ͳΕ
ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰiͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ;ͯ͹ͫͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
MJDIFMTTiIron Law of OMJHBSDIZuBOEConflicts in the Age of Globalization ....................... 934¢944
͉ͪͯͰ͸͵͹͑͡ΕͰ͵ͳΕ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ;͸͹ͬ͹ͷͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷ;
Globalization and Geopolitical Change's in the New Millennium ........................................... 94¢94
̺͹ΒΕͰ΀͊͑ΕͰͺͪΔͼ͵ͳ
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳXIX ͳ
͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;XX ͬͰ͵ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͳ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳ
4FSCJBO$VMUVSF7FSTVT"MCBOJBO$VMUVSFJOUIF4FDPOE)BMGof the 19th and
at the Beginning of the 20th DFOUVSZ5SBEJUJPOT .ZUIT $ustoms........................................... 9¢971
͌ͻ͹΃̺͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
Conflict Between Global and Glocal ............................................................................................ 972¢981
ͅͳͶ͹Βͳ΁ͪ͑ͅ;ͽ͹ͬͳΕ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͶͳt͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪi
Globalization or iColonialism by Other Meansu ....................................................................... 982¢994
xiii
͈͉̻͇̺͇͉̾̽
͆ͪ;΂͸͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͪͶͳͳ΃ͳͻ͹ΒΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹͸ͪ;ͬͳͯͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͲͫ͹ͻ
͸ͳ͵̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͺͻͳͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂ͪͯͪͼͰ
ͼͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͹ͼͬͰͽͶͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͬͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻͬͳ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸ͪ ͪͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹Βͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ
͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
͌Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵;ΒͰͼͪͫͻͪ͸͹͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͳͲ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;
ͼ͵Ͱ ͈͹Γͼ͵Ͱ ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͏ͻ͸Ͱ ̻͹ͻͰ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ̹ͳ͎
ͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̽Ͱ͹ ͽͳ΀
ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪΒͰͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β͸ͪ;΂͸͹Β͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪvsͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ
ΒͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷΒ;͸ͪ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͪ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪͽͪͷ͹΃ΔͰͷ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͷͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰ
ͽ; ͪ ; ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ̓ͪͽͰͯͻͰ Ͳͪ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ; ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ; ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͼ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪͲͪ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳ ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰͳͲ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̸ͪͯͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽͳ ͽͳ΀
ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪͼ;͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵; ͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͼͪͷ͹ͯͰ͹ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳͯͰ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͶͪͭͪ͸ ͬͰΕͼ;ͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͺͻ͹ͼͶͰͯͳͶͳͺͻͳͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂ͳͷͪ͊ͬͳͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ
͵͹ΒͰͼͪͯͪͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͷ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷͳͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵;ͼͶͰͺ;ͻͰ΁Ͱ͸ͲͳΒ;
͈ͻͳͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂ͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͶͳͯͪ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;ͲͪͼͰͫ͸Ͱ΁ͰͶͳ͸Ͱ;͸;ͽͪͻͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͬͰΕͯͪ
ͪͲͫ;΂͸ͳͷͻͰͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͹ͷͺͻͰͲͳͷͰ͸ͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͻͰΌͪΒ;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͰ͋ͪ͵ͬͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͳͷͪͳͷͪ͸ͪͳͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͪͅ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ; ͽ͹ͷͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ; Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵;
ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ͱͰͶͰͶͳͯͪͺ͹͵ͪͱͰͷ͹ ͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ;ΒͰͷ͹͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ
͸͹ͼͼͬͳ΀ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪ
ͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͷ͹ͱͰͶͰͶͳͯͪͺ͹ͯͻͱͳͷ͹ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͷͶͪͯͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂Ͱ
͌ ͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΔ; ͹ͬ͹ͭ Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ ΒͰ ͷ;Ͷͽͳͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͌ ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͲͶͪͭͪ͸ͳ;ͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͳͽ͹
ͪ
͹ͺ΃ͽͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͳ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΔͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͫ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ͬ
ͺͻͰͶͪͷͪΔͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͭ

̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͼ;΂ͰΓͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Βͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͪͶͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͷͷͰͼͽ; ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Β;Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͪͷͰͻ͸ͳͷ
ͼ;ͭͰͼͽͳΒͪͷͪͻͰ΁Ͱ͸ͲͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͬ͹ͭ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪ
͈ͻͳͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂ͳ
xv
13&'"$&
We submit the international thematic collection (MPCBMJ[BUJPOBOE(MPDBMJ[BUJPOto the scientific
community, but also to the public. The collection is the result of the attempt of the editors to enlighten
from different aspects the processes of globalization and glocalization – the two social processes that
characterize the contemporary society, contradictory at the first sight but actually dialectically connect-
ed.
The collection consists of 76 original scientific papers of authors from United States, Russia,
'SBODF 1PMBOE #VMHBSJB .POUFOFHSP .BDFEPOJB 3FQVCMJDPG4SQTLB #)
BOE4FSCJB"QBSUPGUIF
papers was presented at the international scientific conference (MPCBMJ[BUJPOWT(MPDBMJ[BUJPO organized
in Kosovska Mitrovica at the beginning of June 2017, held at the local Faculty of Philosophy in organi-
zation of the Serbian Sociological Association, the Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Philoso-
phy of the University in Priština with temporary head office in Kosovska Mitrovica, the Institute of
Comparative Law and the Institute for Political Studies from Belgrade. Abstracts of the papers have
been published in a separate Abstracts book, while in this only a part of presented papers has been
accepted, as well as a part of papers that have not been presented but the authors have forwarded them
to the editors. All the papers published here have passed a double-blind peer review.
The editors have decided not to form separate units within the collection, but to sort the papers by
Serbian alphabetical order of authors’ surnames. Such the decision has both disadvantages and ad-
vantages. The disadvantages are primarily in the fact that systematization of what is presented in the
collection is not clear enough, while the advantages are in the fact that we wanted to show that we ap-
preciate the scientific contribution of all the members of the academic community, regardless their
academic status. Surely, in this way, we wanted to support young researchers in the first place.
A multidisciplinary approach was applied in composing this collection. In the thematic sense, it is
possible to discuss about several problems that were presented in large number of papers, MJLF a) gen-
eral issues of influence and proceeding of globalization and glocalization processes, b) identity prob-
lems, c) reflection of globalization and glocalization processes in the Balkan region, d) Kosovo and
Metohija as the place of confrontation of these processes, to which the majority of papers is dedicated.
Finally, but not in the last position, we would like to express our gratitude for benevolent sugges-
tions of the reviewers for the Memoir.
Kosovska Mitrovica,
December 2017
&EJUPST
xvi
͈͉͇̺̾̽́͊̈́́̾
̺͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳΉ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͪ ͽͪ͵ͱͰ ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ʹ ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͷ
ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ΆʹͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹͼͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͸ͪ;΂͸Ά΀ͽͻ;ͯ͹̻ͬͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ̽ͪ͸͸Άʹ
ͼͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͳ͵ͬͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽͰͼͽͻͰͷͶͰ͸ͳʹͻͰͯͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͬͺͻ͹Ͷͳͽ·ͼͬͰͽ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ΆͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽΆͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͳ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͯͬ;΀ ͸ͪ ͺͰͻͬΆʹ ͬͲͭͶΊͯ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͻͰ΂ͳͬΆ΀ ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͷ
ͯͰͶͰ ͯͳͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ ͼͬΊͲͪ͸͸Ά΀ ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸Ά΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͲ;Ή΄ͳ΀ ͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹Ͱ
͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹
̺ͼͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵Ͱͼ͹ͫͻͪ͸͹͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͸ͪ;΂͸Ά΀ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬͪͬͽ͹ͻ͹ͬͳͲ̸͊͑ ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͍ͻͪ͸΁ͳͳ
͈͹Ͷ·΃ͳ ̹͹Ͷͭͪͻͳͳ ͐Ͱͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͳͳ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳͳ ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ͊Ͱͻͫͼ͵͹ʹ ̹ͳ̻
ͳ͊Ͱͻͫͳͳ͐ͪͼͽ·Έͽͳ΀
ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬͫΆͶͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸Ά͸ͪͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ʹ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ʹ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͳ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊvsͭͶ͹͵ͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ ͼ͹ͼͽ͹Ίͬ΃ͰʹͼΊͬ͸ͪ΂ͪͶͰͳΉ͸Ίͭͬ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ-ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ ͸͍ͪͳͶ͹ͼ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͷͿͪ͵;Ͷ·
ͽͰͽͰ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͸͹ʹ ͊Ͱͻͫͼ͵ͳͷ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͷ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͷ ̓ͪͿͰͯͻ͹ʹ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͳ ͍ͳͶ͹
ͼ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭ͹Ϳͪ͵;Ͷ·ͽͰͽ͈ͪͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͪͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸ΆͷͷͰͼͽ͹͸ͪ΀͹ͱͯͰ͸ͳͰͷͬ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ
ͼ͵ͪ-ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͹ͷͼͻͪͬ͸ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻͪͬͪͳ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳʹ
ͬ ̹ͰͶͭͻͪͯͰ ̸͸͸͹ͽͪ΁ͳͳ Έͽͳ΀ ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬ ͫΆͶͳ ͹ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ά ͬ ͹ͽͯͰͶ·͸͹ͷ ͼͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ̀ͯͰͼ·
͹ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ά ͽ͹Ͷ·͵͹ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰ ͳͲ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸͸Ά΀ ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͳ ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬ ͪ ͽͪ͵ͱͰ ΂ͪͼͽ·
ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬ ͺͻͳͼͶͪ͸͸Ά΀ͻͰͯͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͷͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸͸Ά΀͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͳ̺ͼͰͽͻ;ͯΆ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰͷΆ
͸ͪΈͽ͹ͽͻͪͲͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;Ͱͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷͳͯͬ͹ʹ͸͹Ͱͪ͸͹͸ͳͷ͸͹ͰͻͰ΁Ͱ͸Ͳͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ
͉Ͱͯͪ͵ͽ͹ͻΆ ͻͰ΃ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͼ͹Ͳͯͪͬͪͽ· ͹ͽͯͰͶ·͸ΆͰ ͻͪͲͯͰͶΆ ͬ͸;ͽͻͳ ͼͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͽͪͽ·ͳ
ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΉͽͼΊͬͪͶͿͪͬͳͽ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͻΊͯ͵ͰͿͪͷͳͶͳʹͪͬͽ͹ͻ͹ͬ͋ͪ͵͹ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͳͷͰͰͽͼͬ͹ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͳ
ͳͺͻͰͳͷ;΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ͆Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͳ ͺͻͰͱͯͰͬͼͰͭ͹ ͶͰͱͪͽͬͽ͹ͷ ΂ͽ͹͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͹΂͸͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳͲͳ
ͻ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͽ͹ ΂ͽ͹ ͬ ͼͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸͹ ͪ ͺͻͰͳͷ;΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͼ͹ͼͽ͹Ίͽ ͬ ͽ͹ͷ ΂ͽ͹ ͷΆ ΀͹ͽͰͶͳ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽ· ΂ͽ͹;ͬͪͱͪͰͷ͸ͪ;΂͸Άʹͬ͵ͶͪͯͬͼͰ΀ͪͬͽ͹ͻ͹ͬ ΂ͶͰ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭ͹ͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͸Ͱͼͷ͹ͽͻΊ͸ͪ
ͳ΀ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹͼͽͪͽ;ͼ̓͹͸Ͱ΂͸͹ ͽͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͷͷΆ΀͹ͽͰͶͳ͹͵ͪͲͪͽ·ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱ͵; ͺͻͰͱͯͰͬͼͰͭ͹
ͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯΆͷͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪͽͰͶΊͷ
̺ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸ͳͳͯͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͼͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͷΆͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳͶͳͷ;Ͷ·ͽͳͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻ͸Άʹͺ͹ͯ΀͹̺ͯͽͰͷͪ
ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷͼͷΆͼͶͰ ͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽ·͹͸Ͱͼ͵͹Ͷ·͵ͳ΀ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͪ΀ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰ͹ͫͼ;ͱͯͪͶͳͼ·ͬͻΊͯͰͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬ
ͪͳͷͰ͸͸͹ͪ
͹ͫ΄ͳͰͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼΆͬͶͳΊ͸ͳΊͳͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͫ

ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬ
ͺͻͰͶ͹ͷͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ
͸ͪ΀ ͭ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΊ ͵ͪ͵ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͼͽͪͶ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͳΊ Έͽͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ ΂ͽ͹ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͽͰͷ͹ʹ
ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͬͻΊͯͰͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬ
́ ͸ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ΁ ͸͹͸Ͱͬͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ΉΉ͹΂ͰͻͰͯ· ͬΆͻͪͱͪͰͷͼͬ͹ΉͫͶͪͭ͹ͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ·ͻͰ΁Ͱ͸ͲͰ͸ͽͪͷͯͪ͸
͸͹ͭ͹͊ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͪͷͰͻͰ͸͸ΆͰͼ͹ͬͰͽΆ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ-ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
ͯͰ͵ͪͫͻ· ͭ
͉Ͱͯͪ͵ͽ͹ͻΆ
xvii

̸̸̸͇͉̺͉͇̺̀͆́ͣͅͅ1
̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̸̸̸͇͉͇͉̽̾̓͋́̓́͆͊͋͌̾͆͋͠ͅͅ
̸̸̸̻͇̹̹͇͉̹͇̈́̈́́͊͋́͐̓̾̾̀̽́͆ͅ͏́͌͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͈͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͯͰ͹͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͇ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ
΃ΔͰͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰͪͶͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ
Βͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ, ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ̺ͪͰΕ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪΒͰ͸ͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻ
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ͵͹Βͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͸͹ͬͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͼͳͶͪͼͬͰͽͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ε;ͯ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͬͶͪͯͪ
͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ
ͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͷͰ΃ͪΔͰ ; ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ
ͻͪͽ͸ͳ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ

ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͬ΁ͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͬͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͼ;͵͹ͫͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹͈ͭͻͬͳΒͰͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹͸ͳ΀ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͹͸ͳ΀
͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ΒͲ͹͸ͳͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͰΔͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳΒͰ;͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͬͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͼ;͵͹ͫͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
͈ͻͬͳΒͰͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹͸ͳ΀ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Β
Ͳ͹͸ͳͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͰΔͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳΒͰ;͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ 7VMFUJǀ
2003).
͑ͳͻͰΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͺͻͰͽΔ͹ͷͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͼͪͬͰͲͪͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͭͪ
Όͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͍͹ͻͼͳͻͪ͸ͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;;͵ͳͯͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲͷͪ ͪ
ͽ͹ ΒͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒͪ ͼ;ͺͻͰͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬͳ΃ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͸ͪͯ ͸ͳͱͳͷ ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͬ͹ͶͰ͸ͼ͸͹ͶͰ͸ͼ ͺͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭͪͬͪͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲͷͪ͌ͷͰͼ
ͽ͹;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪͳ
1
zoran.a@sezampro.rs
1
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ / Globalization & Glocalization ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ
ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ ͼͰ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͳͷͰͼͽ͹;ͯ;ͭ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͺͪ ͷͪ͵ͪͻ ͽ͹ ͫͳ͹ ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͷ͹ͻͪͼͰͼ;͹΂ͳͽͳͼͺͳͽͪΔͰͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͪΒͰ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͶͳͷͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ͸ͽͰ
ͻͰͼͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͼͽͻͪ͸΁; ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͳͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͺͻͪͬͯͰ͈͹ΒͰͯͳ
͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬ͹ ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ ͼͪ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ
͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪͳͶͳ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸Ͱ ͈͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͷͰ΃ͪΔͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
͵; ͳͶͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͿͪͷͳͶͳΒͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ
͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͺͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭͪͬͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫ ͼ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ

ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͳ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͪͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ̽ͻ;ͭͪ͸Ͱͯ͹;ͷͳ΁ͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͪΒͰͲͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪͲͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽ
ͼ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͼͪͷ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͌͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹͸͹ͼͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͪͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͪ͸Ͱͭ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ.
͆Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸ͪ͹ͯͶͳ͵ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ̽ͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͽ;͹ͺ
΃ͽ;ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;ΒͰͼͽͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͯ;΀ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͼͬ͹Β;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹
ͼͽͳ ͼͬͰͽͪ ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ΁; ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͹ͯͻͱͪͽͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͰ
ͺͻ͹ΌͰ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͺͻͳͲͷ; ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͯ͹ΌͰ ; ͯ͹ͯͳͻ ͼ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹΃Ε;
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵͹Β͹Β ͹͸ͪ ͺͻͳͺ͇ͪͯͪ͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͅͳͶͳͼͬͳͷͳͼͶͳ͹΁ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ͹ͯͻͰ
ͯͳͶͳ ͵ͪ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸;ͺͻͰͷͪΒͪͬ͸͹ΒͬͶͪͼͽͳt͸ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ ͸ͳͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹ΒΓ;ͯͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪ
ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͫͳΕ;ͲͻͰͶͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼ;Β;΃ͽͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͻͪͯͳͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷͪ͵͹ͼͰ
ͽͳ΂ͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͻͪi ͅil, 1988, ͼͽͻ), ͬͪͱͳͳͲͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͋͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ͫͳ
ͭͶͪͼͳͶ͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͶͳͭͻ;ͺͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳͺͻ͹ͺͳͼ;Β;΃ͽͪͽͻͰͫͪ
ͯͪͻͪͯͳ ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͪ͵͹ͼͰͽ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱ ΔͰ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͻ͈ͪͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͼͰͷͰ΃ͪΒ;ͳͷͪΒ;ͼͪͷ͹;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;
ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͭͻ͹ͲͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͯͻ;ͭͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͇ͬ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ΒͰͯͪΕͰͽ͹ͫͳͽͳΔͰ͸ͪ ͽͰ΃͵͹ͻͰ΃ͳ
ͬͪ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͰ
ͅ͹ͯͪͶͳͽͰͽͳ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͲͷͪ ͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͳͲ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͰͼͬͰͽͪͳͷͪͼͬ͹Βͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵;͹͸͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͋͹͵ͬͳͶͲͪͺͪͲͳ͹ͳ͹ͺͳͼͪ͹;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β
͵ΔͳͲͳ ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ; ̸ͷͰͻͳ΁ͳ, ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸͹Β ͹͵͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͈͹ͼͶͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ, ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ͵ΔͳͭͰΒͰ͸ͰͼͶ;ΕͰ͸͇ͪͬͪΒͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͲΒͰ͸ͪͼͶ;ͽͳ͹ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ–
͸ͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͳͬ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͰͼͬ͹ͭͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ, ͵ͪͯͪͬ͹ͯͰΕͪ
ͼ;ͺͰͻͼͳͶͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͼͬ͹ͷͬͶͪͯͪΔ;ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ, ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͼͰͲͪͺͳͽͪͽͳͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͭͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱ
ͽ͹;ͬͰͻͰΔͰ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻΒͰ ͳͲ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͭͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͽͰͷͰΓͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ΁ͻͽͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵͹Β; ͋͹͵ͬͳͶ ͸ͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͷͰͼͽͪ ; ͼͬ͹Β͹Β
͵ΔͳͲͳ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͼͽͻͪͼͽ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔ; ͇ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹
2
̸̸̸͇͉̺͉͇̺̀͆́ͣ̽ͅͅͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͫ͹ͻͫͰͲͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͫ͹ͭͪΕͰΔͰ ΒͰͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͪt͊ͪͬ ΒͰ ͼͬͰͽͽ;Ͳͪ͹͵;ͺΓͰ͸ͼͽͪͻͪΔͰͷͯͪͼͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͰͳ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͽͰͶͰͼ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͯͪͼͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͰͳ͸ͪΒͼͳͽ͸ͳΒͰ;ͯ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;i(Tokvil, 1991, ͼͽͻ480).
͈ͻͰ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͫ͹ͭͪΕͰΔͰͷͼͽͬͪͻͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸;ͺ͹΀ͶͰͺ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͵͹Β͹Βͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹,
ͪͶͳ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͷ͹Ε ͳ ͼͶͪͬͪ ͪͅͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ ͽͰͱͳ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ; Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ
ͳͶͳͼͶͪͬͰ͡;ͫͪͬͺͻͰͷͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ;ΒͰt; ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͬͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵̸ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ΃ͽ͹ͼͬͳͷΔͳ΀͹
ͬͳͷͼͽͻͪͼͽͳͷͪͯͪΒͰ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸;ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ, ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͺͻͳͲ͹ͻ;ͫͻͲ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͲͪͷ͹ͻ͸ͳͷi(Tok-
vil, 1991 ͼͽͻ

͊ͽͻͪͼͽͫ͹ͭͪΕͰΔͪͳ ;ͼͺͰ΀; ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔ; ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͶͰͼ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ΁ͻͽͰ
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹̸͇ͭ͠͸ͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳt͸ͰͳͲͷͰͻ͸͹ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͹ͼͰͫͳi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̾ͷ͹΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ΀ͳͼͺ;Δͪͬͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͭ͹ͻͯ͹ͼͽͳͳͼͪͷ͹Γ;ͫͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ͊ͪͷ͹ͬͰͶͳ΂ͪΔͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͼͰͳͼͺ͹
Γͪͬͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͼͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷ– ͸ͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪ
͋͹͵ͬͳͶ ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪ ; ΃ͳͻͰΔ; ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͪ tͳͲͬͪ͸ͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ;ͼͺ͹
ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͯͰͼͺ͹ͽͳͲͷͪi(Tokvil, 1991 ͼͽͻ
̸Ͷͳ͹͸͹ͯͷͪ΀;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪͯͪͼͽͪͻͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪͽͳͻͪ
͸ͳΒͰͳͯͰͼͺ͹ͽͳͲͷͪͽ;͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;͆͹ͬͳͯͰͼͺ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ, ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽͰͷͰΓͳ͸ͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ;, ͋͹͵ͬͳͶͳͷͰ
͸;ΒͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͬͻͼͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͽͪͻͪͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͷͬͶͪ΃Ε;
͇ͯͽ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪtͯͳͼͰͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳͲͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ ͯͳ
ͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳΒͰ ͳͶͳ ͼͳͶͰ, ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳ ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵Ͱ ͈ͳ΃; ͼͰ ͳ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΒ; ͻͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹
͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪΒͰͬͰΕͺͻͰ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ
ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͷͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪ
͈͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͽͳ΀ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽ͈ͪ͌͹ͬͰΓͳ͇̹̾͊-ͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͪͷͳͽ;;͈ͪͻͳͲ;
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ, ͯͰ͹͹ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳΒͰͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸͸ͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
t͇ͫͪͬͰͲ;ΒͰͷ͹ͼͰͯͪͭͻͪͯͳͷ͹ ;΂ͬͻ΃Ε;ΒͰͷ͹ͳΒͪ΂ͪͷ͹ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ;͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͬͶͪͯͪΔͪ
;͸ͪ΃ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ͌ͽ͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ;ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΕͰͷ͹ͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͷ͡;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹
ͯͰ΂ͳ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸;ͼͬͳ΀Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͫͳΕͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͽ;Όͳͬͪͼ;ͳͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͳ
͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͼ; ͺͻͬ͹ͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͬͶͪͯͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ͹ͯ
ͺͻͰͽͰͻͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ΕͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͺ;͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪΒͰͼ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͺͻͪͬͯͰͳͷͳͻͪi
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͼͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͬ͹Γͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹
ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͳͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͷͪ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷͰΓͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͫͳΕͪͳͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰΒͰͷͼͽͬ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͲͻͪͲͪ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ
ͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪͲͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ ͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪͫͳͻͪ΂͵͹ͷͽͰͶ; ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳͯͪͼͰͯͻͱͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸;
ͺͻͪͬͯͰ͆ͳ͵͹͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͳͲ͸ͪͯͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ, ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ;Ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ, ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹
Ͳͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;΃
ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͅ͹ͱͰͼͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͽͬͻͯΔͪͯͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹
3
ͺͳ΃Ͱ;͈͹ͬͰΓͳ͇̹̾͊-ͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͬͶͪͯͪΔͪ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷ͈ͪͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ
ΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͪͶͳͼ;ͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͽͪ͵ͬͰͽͬͻͯΔͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͰͲͪͼͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ
ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͯ͹͵͹ΒͰͷͰͻͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ
͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͪͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͼ;ͺͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ
, Ͳͪ΀
ͽͰͬͪ ͬͰΕͰͳͶͳͷͪΔͰͱͻͽͬͰ͌ͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;, ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͼͽ͹
Βͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ, ͷ͹ͭ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ ͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͶͰ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼͬͰͽͪ͸ͪ͹ͭ͹ΓͰ͸ͳͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͻͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ, ΂ͳͷͰͼ͵ͳͯͪ͹͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;ͺ͹ͲͶͪͽ;͵͹Β;ͼ;͹ͬͳͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳͳͷͪͶͳͽ͹͵͹ͷΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ̽ͻ;ͭ;
͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸; ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ ͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ͫ͹ͻͫͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͺ͹ͯͺͶͪ΃ͽ͹ͷͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ
͌͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;Β; ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͪ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪΒͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳΒͰΕͰͳͶ;ͼͽͻ͹ͬͪͽͳͯͬͪͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͬ͹Βͳͬͪ͹ͯΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͌ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ, ͼͬͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪͼͰͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͳͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸͇ͪ͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹Β
ͯͻͱͪͬͳͼͷͪͽͻͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ, ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ΒͯͻͱͪͬͳͼͰ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰ̽ͪͶͳͳͲͽͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͰͼͶͰͯͳ
͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͼ;ͯ;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͺͻͬͰͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͆Ͱ̸Ͷͳͽ͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀͸ͰΕͰ͹ͺͽ;ͱͳͽͳͯͻ;ͭ;ͲͪͷͪΔͪ͵ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ, ͳͶͳ΂ͪ͵ͲͪΔͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ
͌ͰͯͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͬͻͽ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͬͰΕͼ;ͽͻͪͷ͹ͱͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ
͵ͪͷͰ͸ͼͺ͹ͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ͑ͳͻͰΔͰͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͳͺͻͪͬͪ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪΒͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͫͻͪ΂͸͹ͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͪͻ͹ͬͪͳͼͽ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͎ͪ͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͳͫͻͪ͵ΒͰ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͷͪ Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ ͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳΕͰ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͯͪ ͹͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹ΒͰ
ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;΀͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͳͫͻͪ͵ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ
͹ͺͽ;ͱͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;
ͽͪ͵ͬ;ͬͰͲ;͵ͪ͹ͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰ;ͼ͵ͻͪΕ;Β;ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
͊ͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸͹ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽͪ͸ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳ ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ
ͻͪΌͪΔͪ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷ͇ͪ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸Ͱͼ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͷͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͷͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͳ
ͻͪ΃ͽͪΒͪͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸Ͱͼ; ͯͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;ͼͽ͹ͺ;͸ͪͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ͯ͹͵ͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͺͪͯ͹ͷͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͻͪ
΃ͽͪΒͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪͽͳͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;
͆ͪͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳͷ͹͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻͪͬͪͱͰ͸Ͱ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͼͪ΃ͰͻͳΒͪͽ
ͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͫ͹ͻͫͪͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͺͻͪͬͪͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀͸͹ͻͷͳ, ͳͶͳ
ΒͰͽ͹ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͪ΃ͰͻͳΒͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ
́ͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪͳ ͽ;
ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ́ͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰͭͻͰͱͳͷͪ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳͷ͹ͻͪͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͯ
ͶͰͱͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹Βͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͳ, ͯ͹͵;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β΂;ͬͪͻͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪͽͳͬͪ͸Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹
ͽͰͼͽͰͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;ͽͻͰͽͷͪ͸;ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͳͲͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ
ͽͳͬ͸͹ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳ΃ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ͹ͷ
4
͊;ͼͻͰͽͼ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͺͻͪͬͳΒͰͽͰͼͽͲͪͺͻ͹
ͬͰͻ; ͬͪΓͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͇ͺ΃ͽͰ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸͹ͻͷͳ ͳ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ ͹ͬͰ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ Ͳͪ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͪ;ͼͳͽ;
ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͯͪͼͰͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪ
ͷͪ ͅͳͼͶͳ͹΁ͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰͫͳͼͷͰͶͳͯͪͺͻͰͬͳͯͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪΒͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ
ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͻͪͲ;ͷ ͪͶͳͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͪͺͻ͹ͬͪͶ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪͼͽͳ͌͹ͬ͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;
ͬͶͪͼͽͳͯͰͶ;Β;ͳͲ͸ͪͶ΁ͳͳͯͳͶͰͽͪ͸ͽͳ ͽͰΔ͹Β΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͷͪͶͰ ͪͶͳͳͼ͵;ͺͰ
͠Ͱͯͪ͸ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͲ͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ
͹͸ͳ΃ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ΀ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ. ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͌ͽ͹ͷ
ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ;Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͫͰͶ͹ͯͪΔͰ͸ͪͳͭͻͪͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪΔͪͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ;ͽ͹ͫ͹ͱΔͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬ
ͲͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ͹ͷ̸Ͷͳͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ͌Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ΒͰͪͿͳͻͷͳ
ͼͪ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͼͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͫͪͫͳ΁ͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼ; ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͹ ͪ͸ͽͳ͸͹ͷͳΒͪͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͹ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳ ͹͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͇ͬͯͰ ΕͰ ͫͳͽͳ
ͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸Ͱͽͻͳͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ
̺ͻ΀͹ͬ͸ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳ ̸͊̽ ͲͪͽͻͪͱͳͶͳ ͼ; ͹ͯ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͯͪ
t͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͼͪ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ;ͬͪͱͳͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͳͺ͹΃ͽ;ΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;΃ͽͪͷͺͰi ͳͶͳΕͰ;
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͫͳͽͳtͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͪͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͳi(.PHVǀFWSBǀBOKFTBOk-
cija,#MJD, 10. 12. 1996).
̺͹Β͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋;̹ͻͳͼͰͶ;ΒͰ͹ͼ;ͯͳͶͪͼͻͺͼ͵;ͬͶͪͯ; (ͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹̀. ̸.
Ͳͫ͹ͭtͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪ
ͬͪΔͪͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͳͲͪͽͻͪͱͳ͹͹ͯͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪͯͪͺͻͰͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ͯͶ;͵;i
(Poništiti odluku o izbornim rezultatima, #MJD, 11. 12. 1996).
͆ͪ ͼͪͷͳͽ; ̾͌ ; ̽ͪͫͶͳ͸; ̓ͪͻͶ ̹ͳͶͽ ΒͰ ͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹ t͆ͰΕͰͷ͹ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪ ͫ;ͯͰ
͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͳͯͰΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;͵͹ͻͺͳͲͪ͹ͽͺͪͽ͵Ͱi(#MJD, 16. 12. 1996).
͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͳͼ͵ͪͲͳͼ;͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸ͳ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Β͸ͪͷͰͻͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͿ͹ͻͷͪΒͰͽͪ͵ͬͪͯͪ
ͼͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲ;ͷͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪ;ͺ;͸͹Β͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͳ
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͪͼͰͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻ;ΒͰ ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳͽͪ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪ
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ ͯͪ ͼ; ; ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͶͳ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪ
ͺͻͰ;Ͳͳͷͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇͌͆ͯͪͺͻͰͽͳͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷ̺ͪ͹Β͸ͳͼͪͬͰͲͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͭͻ;ͺͰͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͷͰ͸;ΒͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵;ͬͶͪͯ;͵ͪ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸; ͲͪͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ, ͪ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒ;ͼ;ͯͪ
͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯ͹͸ͰͶͪ͹ͯͶ;͵;͹ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ͠Ͱͯͪ͸Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻ̾͌ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰͼͰ;;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ΁Ͱ͸Ͳ͹
ͻͪͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͹ͯͫͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪ.
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵; ͳͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͺ;Ε;Β;ͺͻͰͽΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͿ;͸͵
΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻͳͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ΂ͳΒͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ΂Ͷͪ͸͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾͌, ͸ͳͽͳͬ͹Β͸͹ͭͼͪͬͰͲͪ

̸͇͆͋ ͺͪ͵ͽͪ ͆ͪ ͽͰͷͰΓ; ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͳ ΔͰ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰͻͪͲ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͽͳͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͺͻͰͷͪ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͰͺͻͰͯΔͪ΂ͳ
tͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪi͇͸ͪ;΂ͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͲͪ;ͶͪͲͪ͵ ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͶͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;;͸ͳΒ;͋͹ͼ; ͽͪ͵ͬͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͻͪͼͽͰͱ;ͳͼ;ͱͪͬͪΒ;ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ
̀ͪͺͳͽͪΒͷ͹ͼͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬ͹ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͫͳͶ͹;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͶͪͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ
ͼͬͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͰͽΔͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;
͐ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;ͯͪͼ;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͰ͸ͪͷͪΔͰ-ͬͳ΃Ͱ
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸̾ͬͻ͹-ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͰͳͺͻͰͽΔͰͼͪͷ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽ
ͼ͵Ͱ, ͪͿͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ, ͳͲ΂ͰͭͪͫͳͼͶͰͯͳͶͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͪͫͳͬͳ΃ͰͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͬ͹Γͳ͹͸ͳ΀΂;ͬͪͻͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳ
ͼ;Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͪͶͳͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷͳ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ͹ͷ
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ;ͼ͵ͶͪΌͳͬͪΔͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰͽͻͪ
ͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͲͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͌ͽ͹ͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͺͻͰͯͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͰͷͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪ
ͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͳͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͫ;ͯͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͲͪ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸
ͽͰͻͰͼͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͪͳͼ΁ͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͶͳͷ;͸ͪ
̓͹ΒͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪΒͰͺͻͰͬͪͶͳͶͪͺ;ͽ͹ͯͳͯͰ
ͪͶͪͯ͹ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͫ͹ͻͫͰͲͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͯͻͱͪͬͰͯ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂
͵͹ͭ ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͉ͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͳͷ͹ ͹ͬ; ͯͻ;ͭ; ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ̓͹Βͳ ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ
͈ͻͬ͹ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͼͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ ͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ͋ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ
ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͺ͹ͯͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹ͷ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ͷͪͻͳͿͰͽͶ;͵ͪͳͼͺ͹Γͪ΃Δͳ΀͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ
͵̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ; ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻ;, ͪͶͳ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ; ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͽͳ΀ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ̾ͬ͹ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͷͰͻͪͳͲͺ͹ͼͽͺͰͽ͹͹͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͆ͪ
ͼͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͊ͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͪͬͰͽͪ ͇̹̾͊-ͪ ; ̹Ͱ΂; ΒͰͯͪ͸ ΂Ͷͪ͸ ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ ΒͰ ;͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬͪ
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂͵Ͱ ͷͳͼͳΒͰ ̹ͳͻ͹ͪ Ͳͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ 0%*)3
ͯͪ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͳ
͹΁Ͱ͸;ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ1. ͵ͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͳͿͰͻ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹tͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪ
ͬ͹Γͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͫͳͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͶͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ0%*)3íͲ͸ͰͽͪΒͰͽͬͻͯΔͪͯͪ
ͼͰt͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ̹ͳͻ͹ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͷͪͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ;͸Ͱ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪͳͲ̓͹ͺͰ͸΀ͪͭͰ͸ͪͬͰΕ
͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͳͷ ͼͳͷͺͪͽͳΒͪͷͪ ͳͶͳ ͪ͸ͽͳͺͪͽͳΒͪͷͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͭ 0%*)3i (͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ, 4. 3.
2007).
̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͼͰ ; ͻ;͵ͪͷͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ͸͹
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ;
̺ͶͪͯͰ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳ ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͳ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͼͰ ͷͰ΃ͪΒ; ; ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀
ͯͻͱ͇ͪͬͪͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͰ΃ͪΔͪͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΃ͪΓ;ͼͰͫͶͪͭͰͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͪ΃ͽͪͽͻͰͫͪ
ͯͪͼͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ;ͼͰͪ͸ͽͳͻͰͱͳͷͼ͵ͳ̺͇͆;ͺ͹ͼͰͽ;ͳͶͳͳͷͼͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ;ͺ͹ͼͰͽ; ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;Β;ͼͰ
͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͼͪͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͷͭ͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͼͰͬ͹ͯͳͫͻͳͭͪ͹tͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪi ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͇ͬͪ͵ͬͳͷ
ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳͷ ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪ͸ ΒͰ ͺ;ͽ ͯͪ ͼͰ
6
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ ͳ ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͆Ͱ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͰ͸Ͱ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳͶͳ ͉;ͼͳΒͳ
͵ͻͳͽͳ͵;Β; ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ ;ͼ͵ͻͪΕͳͬͪΔͰ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ ͈ͻͰͼ͵ͪ΂Ͱ ͼͰ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͪ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷͪ
ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͋ͻͰΕͰ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ ͻͪͽ͸ͳ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͆ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵͹ ͷͰ΃ͪΔͰ ; ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͸ͪͳͲͬ͹Ͳͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪͯ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ͼͰͳͬ͹Β͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽ̺ͬͪ͹Β͸ͪͪͭͻͰͼͳ
Βͪͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͬͰͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ;΃ͳͻͰΔ;ͯͰͷ͹
͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͋ͪ͵ͬͰ ͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͼͰ ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳ΃; ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸͹ͷ ͳͶͳ ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͪͶͳ
͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͼͰͲ͸ͪͯͪͼͰ;ͻͪΒ͸ͰͳͯͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ).
͈͹͵;΃ͪΒ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽͪΒͰ΂ͳͼͽͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
͇ͻ;ͱͪ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰͺͻ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͼͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷͶͳͯͰͻͼͽͬ͹ͷ ̸͇͆͋
ͫͪ΁ͳͶͰͼ;ͽ͹͵͹ͷͯͪ͸ͪ
21.000 ͽ͹͸ͪͫ͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͳ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ, ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ͸ͳͷt΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷiͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ, ͪͶͳͼΒͰͯ
͸͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͹ͷ – ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸͹ͷ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͵͹ͼͷͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͇ͺͽ;ͱͳͶͳ ͼ; ͊ͻͫͳΒ; Ͳͪ
͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰͿͪͷ͹Ͳ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͷͪͻͳͶͳͲͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼ;͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰͽͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼͷͰͽ;, ͳ΃ͽͪͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪͼΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͇͵͹͊ͻͫͪΒͰͳͼͽͰͻͪ͸͹ͳͲ͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͪ
ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰ͸ͪ ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͽͳ΀ ͷͰͼͰ΁ͳ . ͳ
2007ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰͯ͸ͪ΃ͳͷ͹΂ͳͷͪͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ͹ ͸ͪͺ͹ͻtͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱi ͼΔͰ͸ͳͷͳͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ
͵͹ͷ ͪͅͻͽͳΒͰͷ ̸΀ͽͳͼͪͻͳΒͰͷ, ͯͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͈͹ͬͰΓͳ ͌͆ ͹ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ
͸ͪ΂ͰͶͳͷͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ ͸͹ͬ; ͯͻ;ͭ; ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵; ͯͻͱͪͬ; ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
͐Ͱͽͬͻͽ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͬ΁ͪ ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͬͳ΃ͰͽͪΒ͸ͪ͊ͪͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͳ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ; ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͼͷͰͼͽͳͶͪ ͼ;
͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͼͰ͹͵͹ͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪͳ Ͱͬͻ͈ͪͻ͹Ϳͳͽ-͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͷͳ
͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͑ͺͰ͸ͭͶͰͻΒͰ;͵ΔͳͲͳ͈ͻ͹ͺͪͼͽ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͽͬͻͯͳ͹ͯͪtͷ͹Ε΃ͽͪͷͺͰͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͬͪ΁.
͆͹ͬͪ΁͵ͪ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͼͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰͳͯͰͪͶͰͺͻͪͬͯͰ ͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ ͶͰͺ͹ͽͰ, ͳͶͳͳ΀ͼͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͸͹ͬ
΂ͪ͸ͳͰ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽi͌Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͵;Ͷͽ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ͌ͬͻͰͷͰͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͪ
ͻͪΔͪͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͍͉͊͠ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼͰͳͷ͹Ε͸͹ͬ΁ͪ̽ͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷ͸ͰͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰt͉ͪͯͰͻ͍ͳ͸iΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͇ͪͯͯ͹͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪΒͰͯͪͶͪͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪͽ͹ΒͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͳͲͪͻͪͽ͸;ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ;, ͪ͹ͯ
1991. ͯ͹ͯͪͶͪΒͰͺͰͽͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ;̸͊̽ͯͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͷΔͰΔͰ ̓;ͺΓͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͺͪ
ͭͪ͸ͯͪ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ, 9. 3. 2007).
͊ͬ͹Β;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵;ͷ͹Ε͵ͪ͹ͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;͸͹ͬ΁ͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ;͵͹͸
ͽͻ͹ͶͳͼͪΔ;;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͻͪͲ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͽ;ͻͪ ͸͹ͬͪ΁ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͷ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪͷͪ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪ ͹͸ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͼͬͻͼͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ͯͪͬͪͶͪ΁ͪ ͆ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ t͇ͽͺ͹ͻi ͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ΒͰ
͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸;ͼ;ͷ;ͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪͯͪͫͳ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͻͪͯͳͶͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͰΔ; ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͊ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬ

͈Ͱͽ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͪ ͻͪͼ͵ͻͳ͸͵ͪͬͪΔͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͅͰͯͳΒͳͫͳͻͪΒ;ͬͰͼͽ͇͸ͳͺ͹͵ͪ
Ͳ;Β; ͼͬ͹Β; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ ͽͻͰͽͷͪ͸ ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳͭͻͰ ͌ ͺͳͽͪΔ; ΒͰ
;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪͯ;ͺͶͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ̓ͪͯͪͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͳ͸΁ͳͯͰ͸ͽͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ
͵͹ΒͪΒͰͳͶͳ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͳͶͳ͸ͰͷͪͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͽͳ΃ͳ͸ͪ͌ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ Ͳͪ
7
ͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ͳ͸΁ͳͯͰ͸ͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻ͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͰͯͳͭ͸ͰͼͰͫ;ͻͪ;ͽ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͳͺ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͅͰͯͳΒͳ͵͹Βͳͫͻ;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͷͻͱΔͰͼͪͷͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͷͻͱΔͰ͇ͬ͹Βͺͻͳͼ
ͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱ;ΒͰͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ͵͹ΒͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͿͰ
ͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;Ͱͽͳ͵;
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹
ͼͽͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ͌ͽ͹ͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͺͻͰͯͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ
ͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͰͷͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͳͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͫ;ͯͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͲͪ
͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰ ͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ ͼͬͰͽͪͳͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͪͳͼ΁ͰΌͰ͸͹ͭ
Ͷͳͷ;͸ͪt͈͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͽͳͺͻͳͼͳͶͳͽͳΓ;ͯͰͯͪͺͻͳͭͻͶͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯ͹ͫͻͳͷͳͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͪͶͳ
΃ͽ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹͸Ͱͬ͹ͶͰ– ΂ͳͼͽͳΒͰͲ͸ͪ͵ͪ͸ͽͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀;ͬͰͻͰΔͪi Šumpeter, 1981 ͼͽͻ301).
͈͹ͻͰͯͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͭ, tͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭiͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹
ͻͰͽ͵ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳͽͳͳ͸ͪ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹ͲͳͬͰͲͪͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ
͸;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹Ͳͳͬͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͫͳͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͬͳ
͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͶͳ ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͪ ͇ͬͪ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͼͬͰͽΓͪͬͪ
;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͪΒͯͰͻͪ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ͺ͹ͷͪͭͪ΂ͪͳͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ
ͬͶͪͯͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͰͱͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Βͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬ

***
̈́ͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͼͶͳ͹΁ͳͼ;͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳͯͪ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰͺͻͪͬͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻͪ
ͬͳͷͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͷͪ͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪΒͰͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;
ͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͷ͹͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲ͸ͳͷ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ΒͰ
ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ
͇ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͼͰ ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬΓͪͶ͹ͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͭͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ
͑ͽͪ ͼͰ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͼͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͽͳͭ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪ ̽ͪͶͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ
΂;ͬͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ; ̽ͪͶͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;ͺͻͰͽͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒͰ ͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ
͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷͺ͹ͷͰͻͳ͹ΒͰ͹ͬͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳͲ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͭ;ͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹ΓͰ̸ͻͳ
ͼͽ͹ͽͰͶ͹ͬͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͪͯͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳͺͻͰͽͰͺͻͰͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͪ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ;
ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͰ;ͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ΁ͳ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹Β;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ
͌͸͹ͬͳͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ t͸͹ͬͳ̈́ͰͬͳΒͪͽͪ͸iͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͸͹ͬ͹;, ;ͻͰͱͳΒͳͰͬͻ͹-ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͯͻͱͪͬͪ͆Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳ
ͬͪ͸ͼͶ͹ͷ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳΒ͹΃ͫͻͱͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹Β;΂Ͱͻͪ΃Δͳ΀͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ́ͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱͳ͠;ͱ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͼ;ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͳ ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰ tͯ;΀ͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿͪͶͳͲͷͪi
̀ͪͺͪͯͪ;΂ͬͻͼͽͳ
͌ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹Βͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͰͷͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ, ͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͼͰ
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͸ͪͯͬͪ͹ͺͻͰ΂͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͼͺ͹Γ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͬͰΕ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
8
͵͹ΒͰtͲ͸ͪΒ;i΃ͽͪΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͳͺͻͪͬͳ΂͸͹;ͼͬͰͽ; ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͈ͳͽͪΔͰ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͷͪΔͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪͻͪ͸ͱͷͪ͸ͪ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͼͰ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ͳ͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹͆ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͼ;
ͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ ͳͷ͹Εͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪͯͪͼͬ͹Β;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;͹ͯͻͱͰͳ
ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰ ͆Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ ͬ͹Β͸͹ͷ ͼͳͶ͹ͷ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ, ͪ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;– ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ͹ͷ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬ ͊(2006). ͏ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆͹ͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ.

̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ̀ ). ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͳͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ Catena mundi.
7VMFUJǀ V. (2003). (MPCBMJ[BDJKB. #FPHSBE4MVßCFOJHMBTOJL.
ͅJM %ß. S. (1988). 0TMPCPEJ. #FPHSBEt'JMJQ7JØOKJǀi
Tokvil, A. (1991). %FNPLSBUJKBV"NeSJDJ. 4SFNTLJ,BSMPWDJ*[EBWBǁLBLOKJßBSOJDB;PSBOB4UPKBOPWJǀB.
Šumpeter, J. (1981). ,BQJUBMJ[BN TPDJKBMJ[BN EFNPLSBUJKB #FPHSBE,VMUVSB.
ZORAN M. AVRAMOVIſ
DEMOCRACY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF GLOBAL STRUGGLE

FOR DOMINATION
SUMMARY
There is a huge difference in some parts of the history of democracy. From the former political and cul-
tural ideal, it has become increasingly a means of conquering the most developed countries that promote the
ideology of globalism. For several decades, there has been a repertoire of resources that are used by the new
Western power of the world against repulsive states and governmenUT
EJTSFHBSEPGFMFDUJPOSFTVMUT

diversified interference in internal political life, 3) the mechanism of war, 4) the power of money,
NFEJB
leverage.
Global use of democracy arises conflicts of political character in two ways, but not only of the political
one. The first one is the conflict between states, as a rule, the big ones and those that are not in their zone of
governing. The second one is within the multinational and multiconfessional state.
,&:WORDS globalism, democracy, assets, conflicts.
9

̸̸͇̺͆̈́̾̓͊́ͣ͠͠1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ
ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;
̸̸͇̓͆͋͆́̀͏̸́͠ ̸̸͉̻͉̀͆́͐̾̾͢ ̸͈͇̽̾̈́

̸͇͈͉͇͉͈͎͆̾̓́̾̽̈́̀́͊͊̓́ͅͅ
̸̸́͆͋̾̈́̾̓͋͌̈́͏̸̸͇͈͉͇͇̀̓́͊͆ͅͅ
̸͉͇͇̺͇̻͈͉͇̹̾͑̾̾̓͊͊̓̈́̾͢ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͊Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸͹͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹-ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰͯͪͽͳͻͪΒ͹΃ͳͲͺͰͻͳ͹͇ͯͪͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼ
ͽͬͪ ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰ͸ͼͺ͹ͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹-ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ͊ͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͪ
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͽͲ͉ͬͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳΔͰ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ
ͲͰͷͪΓͪͼͬͰͽͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͼ;ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ̀ͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸;͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͳ ͯͪΓͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͯͰ͹ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ΁ͰͶͳ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ Ͳͪ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹-
ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱͽ͹͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͷͳͻͳͽͳ͹ͬͪͯͬͪͯͳΒͪͷͰͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃
ͽͪ ̓ͪ͵͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͳͽͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹͊ͻͫͪͳͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ
͹ͬ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͽͪ͵ͪͬ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͳͼ;
ͯͪͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰΒ͹΃͹ͯ-ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͺͪͼͬͰ
ͯ͹͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪ͌͵͹ͷͺͻͪͬ΁;ͼ;ͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͶͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͷ͹ͱͰͽͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;ͻͪͯ;͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ
ͺͻͰͯͬͪͷͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͰ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ.
͋Ͱͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪLN2 ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ

ͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͰ
͹ͯ ͯͬͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͻͪͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͳ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ
͵͹ͽͶͳ͸ͰͳͲͷͰΌ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ2 ͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ͌ͻ͹΃Ͱͬ΁;ͳ ̓ͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ͵; ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͳ
1
aleksicjovan@rocketmail.com
2
̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͸ͪ tͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;i ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ;
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β͵͹ͽͶͳ͸ͳ ͬͰΕͳͲͬͪ͸ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ΒͰͻͼͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͶͳ͸ͪͲͪͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͪkm Β;ͱ͸͹͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͭͻͪͯͪ ͹͸ͯͰ ͭͯͰ ͼͰ ͹ͭͻͪ͸΁ͳ ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱ ͐ͳ΂ͪͬͳ΁Ͱ ͳ Β;ͱ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͪ͵ͪ ̓͹ͺͪ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ
ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΒ;(͌ͻ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ, ͼͽͻ).
10
̸̸͇̺͆̈́̾̓͊́ͣ̓ͪ͠͠͸ͽ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͰ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ …
ͼͰͬͰͻ–Β;ͭ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ;;ͱͰͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ; ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͰͼͰͳͲͷͰΌ;̺;΂ͳͽͻ͸ͪͳ͌ͻ͹΃Ͱͬ΁ͪ ͯ;ͱͳ͸Ͱ͹͵͹
LN ΃ͳͻͳ͸Ͱͯ͹LN
ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ͹͵͹ͻͰ͵Ͱ̈́ͪͫͼ͈͹ͯ;ΒͰͬ͹ͷ͵ͪ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ͹ͷͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹tͪͅͶ͹
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i͆ͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰͬͳͼ͹ͻͪͬͪ͸̽ͻͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͌̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͼͰͻͪ΂;͸ͪΒ;ͳͯͻ;ͭͰ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰͺ͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹-ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳͬͳͷͪ͆͹ͬ͹ͫͻͯͼ͵ͪ̓ͻͳ͉ͬͪͰ͵ͪ ́Ͳͷ͹-
ͻ͸ͳ͵ͳ̻͹ͻΔͪͅ͹ͻ͇ͪͬͪͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ;ͶͪͲͰͳ
ͼͻͰͲ͹ͬͳ̈́Ͱ΃ͪ͵ͳ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ ͳͪ͵͹͹͸ͳ͸ͰͼͺͪͯͪΒ;;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹-ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͼͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹͹ͯͬͳͼ͹ͻͪͬ͸ͳ̽ͻͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͰͳͬͪͻ͹΃ͳ
̓Ͷͳ͸ͪ ͈ͰΕ ̽Ͱ΂ͪ͸Ͱ ͇ͻͪ΀͹ͬͪ΁ ͊;͉ͬͪͰ͵ͪͳ͚ͪ͵͹ͬͳ΁ͪ͋͹ΒͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ ͹ͳͬͳ
΂Ͱ͸ͪ ͈ͻ͹͵ͶͰͽͳΒͪͷͪ ͅ͹͵ͻ͹ͷ ͭ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͳ ͑ͪͻ ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸͹ͷ ͇͸ͪ ͼͰ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͽͳ ;
΂ͰͽͳͻͳͯͰͶͪͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͲͳ͈ͬͪͰΕ͵ͳͷͳͶͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͈͹ͯͭ͹ͻ͹ͷͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͳ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͲͳ
͈ͬͪͻͰ͵͹ͻ;ͺΓͰͷ ͹͈ͯ͹ͯͭ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͅͳͻ;΃Ͱͳ̓Ͷͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͶͳͬ;̹ͰͶ͹ͭ̽ͻͳͷͪ
Β;ͭ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;ͻͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲͷͰΌ;͈ͰΕ͵Ͱ̹ͳͼͽͻͳ΁Ͱͳ̹ͰͶ͹ͭ̽ͻͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͼͰ͈ͻͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ ͵͹Βͳ
ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͹͵͹̽Ͱ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ̹ͳͼͽͻͳ΁Ͱͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͼͰ͉Ͱ͵ͪ ͏ͬͳΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
͈͹ͫͻΌͪͳͫͻͰ
ͱ;Γ΁ͳ;͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͳ͚ͪ͵͹ͬͳ΁Ͱͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ;΃ͳͻͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͺͪͯͪΒ;;ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ; ͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͼͰ͎ͪͼ͈ͻͳͲ
ͻͰ͸ͼ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸͹ͷ ̻͹ͻͪ ͇ͺ͹ΓͰ ͊ͻͰͯͼ͵ͪͱ;ͺͪ
;ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͰͽͰ͵͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪͯͰͶ͹ͷͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪ͵͹ͽͶͳ͸ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͳͳͲͷͰΌ;́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͪ
ͯ;ͱͳ͸ͰLNͳ΃ͳͻͳ͸Ͱ͹͵͹LN
͊ͪͷͽͰͻͷͳ͸tͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪiͲ͸ͪ΂ͳtͲͰͷΓͪͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͷͪ͸ͪͼ
ͽͳͻͪi͆ͪͲͳͬͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯͭͻ΂͵ͰͻͰ΂ͳtͷͰͽ͹΀i ͭͻ΂ʍʆʔʐʗʜ
΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹
͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͶͪ͸ͪͼͰ͹ͫͳ͸;ͷ͹͸ͪ΀ͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͫͻͪΌ;Β;ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͼ͵;ͲͰͷΓ;ͅ͸͹ͭͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳ
ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰ ͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͽ͹ͭͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͬ͹ͯͰΕͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ;ͺ͹ͯͺ͹ΒͪͷtͲͪͺͪ
ͯ͸͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ i ͳͪ͵͹ͼ;ͽ͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ ͯͬͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
͊ͻͺͼ͵͹-ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͹͵͹ ͹ͬͰ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͯ;ͭ͹ͭ ͽͻͪΒͪΔͪ
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͳͭͰ͸Ͱͻͳͼͪ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫͯͬͰͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͯͬͰͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͬͰͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱͬͳ͵ͽͳͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰ΂Β; ͯͬͪͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͭͯͰͼ; ;ͲͪͺͪΓͳͬ͹Β
ͷͰ΃ͪͬͳ͸ͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ΀ͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͲͳͽͰͽͪͳͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ ;Ͳ͹΃ͽͻ͹͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪͶͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͲͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͺͻͰͷ͹ͼͽͳͬͳΒͪͲͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͬͪͯͬͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
͊ͬͰͼ͸ͳͯͪΕͰͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹t͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰi ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽͳ΂ͰΒ͹΃ͳͲͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͯͰ͵ͪͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͇ͼͷͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͺͻͰͻͪͼͽͳ;͹ͲͫͳΓͪ͸ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵
ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ ͼ; Β͹΃ ͹ͯ -ͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ Βͪͬ͸͹ ͳͼͽ;ͺͪͶͳ ͼ ͳͯͰΒͪͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼ; ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͳ
ͺ͹ͷͳͻͳͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ͹ͬ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;͈ͻͬͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͲͪ΃ͪ͹
ͼͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͬͻͼͽ͹ͷͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͪͫͳ͹ΒͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ͵ͳͺ͹ͽ͹ΔͳͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼ
ͶͪͬͳΒͰ̽͹ͫͻͳ΁ͪͣ͹ͼͳΕ
͇ͬͪΒͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͺͳͼͪ΁ ͺͪͻͽͳͲͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͫ͹ͻͪ΁ͳͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ ;ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ΂Ͷͪ͸͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͷͳ
ͽͰͽͪ͊ͪͬͰͲͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͽͪͯͪͬͰΕ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͳͼͺͶͳͬͪͶͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸; t͹ͼͰΕͪΔ;;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͳ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪi t΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂
͵͹ͷͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰΔ;ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Βͺͼͳ΀͹Ͳͳ;΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͽͰtͳͻͰͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͽͳ΂
͵ͳͷ ͳ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰΔͰͷ ͳ ͽͰͱΔͪͷͪ ; ͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳͷ ͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳͷͪ ΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͸ͪͼͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͽͰͶͪ ͷͪΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹ΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰt̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͳͼͽͳ͸ͳ
11
ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͯͪͲͪͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ ; ͼͻ΁ͰͳͯͪΒͰ ͼͪͬͰͼ͸͹ͳΒͪͼ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹̸͵͹ ͼͰͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͬͪ͸ͻͰͯ͸͹
ͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳ ͼ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͽͰͻͰ͸ͳͬͳͯͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳͼͰ͹ͫͷͪΔ;ΒͰ΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰͼͰ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΒ;;ͻͰͽͻ͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ΁; ;ͼͺ͹
ͻͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͰͷͪ͸΁ͳͺͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼ ͪ;΂ͬͻ΃Ε;ΒͰͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͳΔͰ͸ͪͬͶͪͯͪ
ͬͳ͸̸ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺ;ͽͯͪ͸ͪͼͬ͹ͯͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
͹͸ͯͪͼ;͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸ͳͽͰ΃͵ͳͳͽͻͪͭͳ΂͸ͳͼ;ͯͪͻͳͳ͸ͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͳͬͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸ͰͼͻͰ
ΕͰi ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓ͪ͹ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͳͬͰͻ͸ͳͼͶͰͯͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͲͷͪ-ͶͰΔͳ͸ͳͲͷͪ ͹͸
ΒͰͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ;ͽ͹ͷͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽ;ͬͳͯͰ͹;tͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓͳͷͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͼͬͰͷ;ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰ
ͬͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͳͯͰͪͶͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͬͳͲͳΒͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶͪͼͰt;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ
͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͪ ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽͪ ͯͪΒͰΔͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͽͬͪͻ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱ ͼͿͰͻͰ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ͫ͹ͭͪΕͰΔͰ
΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵Ͱ͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͯ͸ͪͪ͸ͽͳͽͰͲͪͻͪͼͽ;Ε͹Β;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
́ͪ͵͹͹ͬͪΒ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺ ͵ͪ͵͹ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ;
t͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;i tͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹-Ͱͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵;i ͳ tͯͳͬͰͻͲͪ͸ͽͼ͵;i ͵͹͸͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͷ ΒͰ ͹ͯ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͪͶͳͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͺ͹ͻͽ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͪͳͲ͏̓͊̓͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͹ͭͶͪ
΃Ͱ͸ ͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͲͪͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔͰ̽͹ͫͻͳ΁Ͱͣ͹ͼͳΕͪͳͲͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͊ͪͬͰͲͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ
͇ͼͳͷΔͰͭͪ ͽͪ͵ͬ;ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;ΒͰͯ͹ͱͳͬͰ͹ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻ͠͹ͬͪ͸ͪͅͻΒͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
ͼ͵͹ͭ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͼͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲͶ͹ͱͰΔͰͷ̓ͪ͵͹ͼ;͹ͫ͹Βͳ΁ͪ͹ͯͫͳͶͳͯͪͼͰtͺ͹ͼͺ;ͺͰͺͰͶ͹ͷͺ͹
ͭͶͪͬͳiͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹͵ͪΒ;ͲͪͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ͸Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͯͪ͸ͪͲͪͼͰͯͪΔͪͺͶͰ͸;ͷͪͯ͹͸ͰͼͰ͸ͳͼ;̀ͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳ
͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ͠͹ͬͪ͸ͪͪͅͻΒͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͪͳ̽͹ͫͻͳ΁Ͱͣ͹ͼͳΕͪ ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͳ΀ΒͰͬͻ΀;΃͵ͪ͏̓
͊̓͊͹ͺͽ;ͱͳͶͪͲͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͻͰ͵ͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͼͰΒͪΔͰͼ;ͷΔͰͳ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ͊ͪͬͰͲͪ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ ̀ͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳ͏̓͊̓͊ ͼͽͻ–

́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͫͳ͹͵ͻ;ͺͪ͸ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ͸ͪͽͪͯͪ΃Δ͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Βͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳ
ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͳ΃ͪ͹͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯΒͰ͵;͹͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ͋͹ͷͰͼ;ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹
ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͰ ͳ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͯͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ́ͺͪ͵ tͣ͹ͼͳΕͰͬͼͶ;΂ͪΒiͯ͹ͫͳ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹Β͹Βͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͷͰͼͰ΁ͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͪͺͪͻ͹ͶͪͫͳͶͪt̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͺ;ͫ
Ͷͳ͵ͪiͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͰͼ;ͯͪΒͰͣ͹ͼͳΕͫͳ͹;ͺͻͪͬ;͋͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳ͹ͳͯͪͽ;ͷͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹
ͽͰͼͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ; ͸ͳͷͪͶ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ– ͯͪ͸;͹΂ͳt̽ͪ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͲͪͼͽͪͬͰíͪ͵͹ͼ;ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ;Ͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͽͰ͸͵͹ͬͪ ͹͵Ͷ͹ͺ͸ͳ΀ͬ͹ͲͳͶͪ ͼ;Ͳͪͬ΁ͪ ͺͰ͸ͯͻͰ͵ͪͳ
ͬ͹ͯͰ͸ͳ΀ ͽ͹ͺ͹ͬͪ ͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ ͫͻ;ͽͪͶ͸͹ ;ͭ;΃ͳͶͰ ͹ͬͰ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͬͻͶ͹ ͫͳͽ͸ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͫͳͶͳͼ;ͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸ͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͪͷͪ͸ͯͷͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ͌ͼͽ͍͉ͪͬ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹
ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸ͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ ͪ͹͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳͶͰͼͽͪͽ;ͼͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵̸͈ͪ͊
̺͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͳ̸͈͊̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳͼ;ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ;ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͲͪ͵͹͸ ΂ͳͷͰΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͺ;ͽΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹Β
12
ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹Β Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹Β ͳͲͬͻ΃͸͹Β ͳ ͼ;ͯͼ͵͹Β ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ̓ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ
͸ͪͲͳͬΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ͉͊͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͰ͸ΒͰ;͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵̸ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͈ͪ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬ͹ ΂ͳͷͰΒͰͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ;͵Ͷ͹ΔͰ͸ͪͳͲ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ͋͹ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳͬͰ͹ͷͪΒͪͼ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;ͼͰͺͻͪͬ
΁;͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
͆ͪ͵͹͸ͼͬͰͭͪͽ͹ͭͪ ̽͹ͫͻͳ΁ͪͣ͹ͼͳΕͯ͹ͫͳ͹ΒͰ͹ͻͰ͹ͶͯͳͼͳͯͰ͸ͽͪ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰͺͻͬͳΒͪͬ͸͹͹ͽͬ͹
ͻͳ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͼ;ͯͳ͹ͯͪͺͻ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͽͰ΃͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ;ͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;͹ͬ͹Βͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ͈͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͊ͻͫͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳΒ͹΃ͬͳ΃ͰͼͰͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͌ͼͽͪͬͪ ͍͉͊͠ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͽ͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͪ͵ͽ; ͹ͫͰ
ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͳ̸͈̺͊͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͳ̸͈͊̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͫͳͶͰͼ;ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͰΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͿͰͯͰ
ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͳͷͪͶͰͼ;ͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱ;͊͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ͳͷΒͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͳͬͪͶ͹ͯͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͳͷͪͶͪͺͻͪͬ͸ͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰͯͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ; ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪͶ͸͹ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ
΂͸͹ͳͷͪͶͰ ͬͰΕͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͪͷͰ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;
͸Ͱͭ͹ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͪΔͳ΀͌ͱͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͫͰͲͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ
͵͹Ͷ͹͵ͬͳΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ͸̸͈ͪ͌̿͊͹ͯ͵͹͸
ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͽͰͻ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ Βͪͬ͸͹ ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ͹
ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͪΓͰΔͰ͵͹͸ͪ͵͈ͪͰΕ͵ͰͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΃ͳΒͰ ͼ͵ͻ͸ͪͬΓͰΔͰ΁ͻ͵ͪͬͪͳͭͻ͹ͫͪ
Γͪ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͚͹ͻΌͪͪͅͻͽͳ͸͹ͬͳΕͪ
͊ͻͫͳ ͼ; ͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ͼͰͶͳͶͳ ͼͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;΁Ͱ͸
ͽͻͪͶ͸;͊ͻͫͳΒ;́ͲͷͰΌ;ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳͼͰͶͳͶ͹ͼͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳ
΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ̾͵ͷͰ΂ͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͊ͬͰͽͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͰͼ;ͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸;ͽͳͼͪ͵͸ͪͣ͹ͼͳΕͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͪͷ͵ͪͱͰ ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ͸ͳΒͰ
͸ͳ΃ͽͪͲͪͺͳͼͳͬͪ͹;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͼͬͰͼ͵ͪͷͪ͹ͯΒͪ͸;ͪͻͪͯ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ tͳͲ ͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ ͯͪ ͳ΀ ͌ͯͫͪ ͸Ͱ ͲͪͺͶͰ͸ͳi ͳ ͼͪͲ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ ͬͰͲͰ ͼͪ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹-ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ
͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ; ΔͰͷ; ͬͳͯͰͶͳ ͸Ͱ͵; ͬͻͼͽ; ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͫ͹ͻ΁ͪ Ͳͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ
ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵ͶͰͼ;ͭͪ͸ͪ
ͺͻͬͪͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪt͊ͻͫͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ
ͳͲͯͻͱͰ΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻ͇͸ͳΕͰͫͰͱͪͽͳͳͺͻ͹ͯͪͬͪͽͳͳͷͪΔͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ΕͰͲͪͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒ;-ͯͬͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ
ͽͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͲͰͷΓ̸ͪ͵͹͸ͳͼͷ͹ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳͯͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪͷ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͪ͸ͳͼͷ͹ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳ ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͭͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͽͳͼ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ͌ͲͰͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͪΒͰͬͰͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͰ ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪͺͻͰͺ;ͼͽͳͽͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹
ΒͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪͷͳͼͪ͹ Ͳͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͪ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͶͳ΂͸͹ͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ͵; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪͬ͹ͯͳΓͪͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͈ͪ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ
ͬͰ͵ͪ ; ͹ͼͬͳͽ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͵ͻͪΒͪ Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͹ͬͪ ͳͯͰΒͪ ΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ;
ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳͷ͈ͪͻͰͷͪͣ͹ͼͳΕͰͬͳͷͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰΔͳͷͪ
͹͸ Β; ΒͰ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ ͳͲ͸Ͱ͹ ͼͬ͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳ͵; ̹͹ͻͳͼͶͪͬ; ͠͹ͬͳΕ; ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵; ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
͵͹ΒͳͭͪΒͰ;ͺ;ͽͳ͹͵͹ͯ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ΂ͪ͵͸ͳΒͰ
;ͲͰ͹ ͸ͳ ; ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͰ 3 ͋͹͵͹ͷ Βͪ͸;ͪͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹Β; ͳͯͰΒ; ͳͲͶ͹ͱͳ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͷ
3
͌ Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;; Ͳͪ ͉ͪͯͳ͹ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ ̺;΂ͰͶͳΕ ͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ
͉͋͊-ͪ, ͬ͹ͯͳ͹ͼͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͳͷͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͹ͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸͹ͷͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͰͷ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ
΃͵ͪ͵Γͳͬ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͹ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ΒͰ ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ t͋͹ ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ; ͹ͫͲͳͻ
̸ͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹͆ͳ͵ͪͯ͸Ͱͫͳ΀ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͽͳͽͪ͵͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹i(ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ͼͽͻ)ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕΒͰ
13
ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ;̺͹ͻͰ͸;͏ͳͷͰͻͷͪ͸; ͵͹ΒͳͭͪΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽ͹ͭͪ;ͺͳͽͪ͹ͯͪͶͳͫͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͪ͸ͪͽͻͰ
Εͳ͸;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͸ͪ΃ͽͪΒͰͣ͹ͼͳΕ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ ͳͪ͵͹ͭͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͪͷͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ;ͽ͹ͷ
ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽ; ͸ͳ͵͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͹ ͯͪ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ ͹ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹Β ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ
̓ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͽͳ΀ ͯͪ͸ͪ
ͺͳͼͪ͹ ͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ ̈́ͳͷͰͼ ͣ͹ͼͳΕͰͬ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ ͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͳ ͳ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪ͸;;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͺ͹Βͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳ
͆ͪͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͳͯͰΒͳ͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪ͹ΒͰͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͺͻͬͳͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵
͊ͪͬͰͲ͸Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ͊ͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΌͰΔͰͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͽ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͺͻͰͯ͹΂ͳ͹ΒͰ͊ͪΒͻ;ͼ;̺Ͱ͸ͼ;ͳ
Ͷ͹ͻͯ;͇ͬͰ͸; ͵͹Βͳͣ͹ͼͳΕͰͬͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ͈͹͸͹ͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪ͹ͯͪͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺͳͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
ͼͪ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸͹ͷͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͰͷ͹ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͼ
͵ͻͪΒΔͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͷͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͰͶͰͽͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ̓ͪ͹ͳͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ
ͺ;ͽͪ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕΒͰ͹ͬͰͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͰͳͭ͸͹ͻͳͼͪ͹͋͹ΒͰͫͳ͹ͳΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͼΔͳͷ
;΃ͪ͹;ͼ;͵͹ͫ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪͶ͹ͣ͹ͼͳΕͰͬ;ͼͷͰ͸;ͼͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͷͪΒͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͑Ͱͼͽͯͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͹͸ΒͰ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͷͰͷ͹ͪͻͳͷͪͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹t͊͵PͻPͯͬFͯF΁F͸ͳKFͼBͷ
;ͫFΌF͸ͯBKF̓PͼPͬPͻB͵͊ͻͫͳKFͳͯBͭBͽͻFͫBPͯͻFͲBͽͳ BͺͻͳͽPͷͼͺBͼͽͳ͈FΕ͵;ͺBͽͻͳKBͻ΃ͳK;
̽F΂B͸F ̻ͻB΂B͸ͳ΁; ͳ ͵PͼPͬPͺPΓͼ͵P Fͽ͸ͳ΂͵P ͺPͯͻ;΂KF P͵P ̻ͻB΂B͸ͳ΁F .ͳͶP΃FͬͳΕ ͳ ͬFΕͳ͸B
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͺPͶͳͽͳ΂BͻB ;͵Γ;΂;K;ΕͳͳP͸FͳͲPͺPͲͳ΁ͳKF ͸ͳͼ;ͳͷBͶͳ΀ͻBͫͻPͼͽͳͲBͽ;͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸;
ͳͲͯBK; ͺB ͼF͵PͼPͬͼ͵PͺͳͽBΔFͻF΃BͬBͬPKͼ͵PͷͳͺPͶͳ΁ͳKPͷ͊BͯBKFͼB͵PͼPͬͼ͵ͳͷ"ͶͫB͸΁ͳͷB
͸Fͷͳ͸PͬB͸ͻBͽͳͶͳ͵Bͺͳͽ;ͶB͸ͽͼ͵BͺPͼͽFͺF͸BͺͻFͯBKB̓PͼPͬB"ͶͫB͸ͳKͳi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͊ͬ͹ΒͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͲͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼͳͲͷͰΌ;͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ;ͺ;ͽͳ͹ΒͰͳͬͶͪͯͳ͍ͻͪ͸΁;
ͼ͵ͰͷͪΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͲͪͬͻͰͷͰ̸͇͆͋ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ͉ͪ͊͌͠ͽͳͷͽͻͪͭͳ΂͸ͳͷͯͪ͸ͳͷͪͲͪΔͰͭ͹
ͬ;ͲͰͷΓ;ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͪΒͰͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͺͪͼ͹͸͹ͼ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹
ΒͰ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͯͰ͹Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͽ;͹ͺ΁ͳΒ;ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹͵ͪͺͳͽ;Ͷͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͷt́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼͳ
ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹-ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͼͪΒ; ΂ͳͽͪͬ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ
ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͰͷ͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͺ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͷ̓͹ͼ͹̸ͬͪ͵͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸Ͱͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ͋ͳͽ͹ͬͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪ ͪ͵͹͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͺͰ͹Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽͼͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂
͵͹ͷͯͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͷ̹͹ͼ͸͹ͷͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ ͼͪͼͬͳͷΒͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ
͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͺͼͽͪͽͳ͸ͳͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͈͹ͼͶͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ;ͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͲͪ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͰͳͻͪͽ̸ͪͷͰ
ͻͳ͵Ͱͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͳ͊ͻͫͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͱͳͬͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͋ͻͪ
Βͪ͸ͷͳͻͳͼͺ͹͵͹Βͼͽͬ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͯ͹͸Ͱͽͳͱͪ͸ͯͪͻͷͰͻͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋-ͪͳ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͳͷͺͻͰ
΃ͽ͹ΒFΔͰ͸͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͆ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͹͵͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪͳ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͱ͸͵Ͷͪͬͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸Ͱͯͻͱͪͬͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͊ͪ͸ͪͅͻͳ͸ͪ ̸͸ͯ͹ͻͰ ̺ͪͽͳ
͵ͪ͸ͪ ̈́ͳ΀ͽͰ͸΃ͽͪΒ͸ͪ ͳ ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹-ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪ ΒͰ ͳ
ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪ͹ ͯͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ΂ͳͼͽ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͸Ͱ ͫͳ ͳ΃Ͷ͹ ; ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ ͸ͳ ͼͪͷͳͷ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͵ͪ ͽ͹ͷͰ
͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ͽͰͱͳͶͳ t͊ͽͪͬ Ͳͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ΂ͳͼͽͳͷ ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷ ͳͲ͹Ͷͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε ͳͯͰΒ͸͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͪͶͳ ; ͵ͻͪΒΔ͹Β Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͳ ͽͪ͵ͪͬ ͼͽͪͬ ͸ͳΒͰ ; ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹͇ͯͪͬͪ͵ͪͬ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹ͫͳͭͪͳͲ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͼͺ͹ͻͳ͹ͬͰΕͳͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳ͹
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ̾͸ͬͰͻ͎͹Θͪͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ
ͷͪͶͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͬͰΕΒͪ͵͹͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹ͳͲ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ Ͷͳ΃ͳ͹ͭͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ
;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ ; ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͪ ̸ ͹ͬͪΒ ͯͰ͹ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͽͰͱͳ ͵ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͵ͪ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͭͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ;ͽ;Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳi(ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ).
14
̸Ͷͪ͸ͯ ; ͍ͳ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ ͸ͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; Β͹Β ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͳ ͹ͯ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͹ͯ
͋;ͻͪ͵ͪͯ͹ ͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͪΒ;ͱ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͯͰ͹ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͭͯͰͱͳͬͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ "Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳ ͳͶͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹Β ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͪ͵͹ ͽ͹ ͱͰͶͰ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ;͵͹Β͹ΒͱͳͬͰͳͲͷͰ΃ͪ͸ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͳ͊ͻͫͳͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ;ͻͰͯͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͳͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ
ͳͶͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͈ͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͽͳ ͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͳͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͰ ͫͰͲ
͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͪͼͽͪͬ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱi ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͯͪͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ͹ͬͪΒͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ
͈͹ͼͶͰ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͪ ̓;ͷͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ Β;͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪ ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͰͪͶͫͪ
͸ͪ΁ͪ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳͼ;͵͹ͫͪͼͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͪΒ;ͭ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͣ͹ͼͳΕͽ͹͵͹ͷΒͪ͸;ͪ
ͻͪ ͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰ ͸͹ͬ; ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸; ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ; Ͳͪ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ̀ͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͹ ΒͰ
ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬ;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͽͰͷͰͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͺͻͪͬͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͭͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀΁ͻ͵ͪͬͪ
ͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶͪΒͰͽͻͪͱͰΔͰͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͇͸ͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶͪ;͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͬͻͼͽͳͿͰͯͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͷͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͳͫͳͳͷͪͶͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹͵͹Βͳ΀
ͫͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪͶͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͈ͻͰͷͪͽ͹Β͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ͹ͫͳͼͰ͸ͪ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹Βͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͪͻͪͯΔͳ͹ͬͪͯͬͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͭͯͰͫͳͼͰͲͪΒͰͯ
͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͺͶͪͼͳͻͪͶͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͫͳͳͷͪ͹ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͰͬͰͲͰ
ͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵͇ͪͫͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰ
ͽͪ ͫͳ ͼͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ ͫͳͶͪ ; ͸Ͱ͵͹Β ͬͻͼͽͳ ͪͼͳͷͰͽͻͳ΂͸Ͱ ͬͰͲͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ; ͽͰ΃Δ͹Β ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ; ͵ͻͪΒΔͰ
Ͷͪͫͪͬ͹Β ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͪͷ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹Β ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸ΒͰͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͹ͼͬͰͼͽͪ͸
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͼͳͶͰ͸ͰΕͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ͹ͬͪΒ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͳͷͪ͹ΒͰtͺͶͪ͸
̹i ͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸; ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸Ͱ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͭͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ͊ͻͫͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ;
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͶ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͲͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͰͷͪͣ͹ͼͳΕͰͬͳͷͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰΔͳͷͪ ͹ͬ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ΒͰͳͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻ
̀͹ͻͪ͸͚ͳ͸ΌͳΕ͢ͳ΀ͯͬ͹Βͳ΁ͪ ͼ;ͫͳͶͳ;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽ;ͳ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ; ͼͰ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͹ ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;͚ͳ͸ΌͳΕΒͰͳͺͻͰͽ͹ͭͪ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͶͪͲͳ͹ͼͪͳͲΒͪͬͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͹͸Ͱ͵; ͬͻͼͽ;
ͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͆ͪͼͪͼͽͪ͸͵;ͬͻ΀ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸͵Ͱͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ͵͹ͪͶͳ΁ͳΒͰ͇̽͊ͽ͹͵͹ͷ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͚ͳ͸ΌͳΕΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͷͪͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ̽͊-ͪ ̀͹ͻͪ͸ͪ̿ͳͬ
͵͹ͬͳΕͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹t̽͹ͫͻͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͲͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Ͱ͸ͪͯ͹͆ͪͷͪͼ;͹ͼͽͪͶͪͼͪͷ͹Ͷ͹΃ͪ
͇͸͹ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ Ͷ͹΃Ͱ ͹ͯ ͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͽͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
IUUQXXXOTQNSTLPTPWP-i-metohija/kako-smo-delili-LPTPWPIUNM ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
4 ͆ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͳͯ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ;ͽͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͳͳͲͷͰΌ;
͚ͳ͸ΌͳΕͪͳͬ͹Όͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͋͹ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;;Ͳ͉ͪͪͯͳ͹͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ
4
t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ ͯͳͬΓͪͭͻͪͯΔͪͲͪ ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͻͰΕͳͯͪͭͪΒͰ Ͷͪ͵΃ͰͶͰͭͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ͸Ͱͭ͹
ͻ;΃ͳͽͳ͠ͰͼͪͷͲͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ̽ͰΒͽ͹͸ͪ ͪͶͳͯͪΒͽͰͯͪ͸ͪΌͰͷ͹͸Ͱ͵ͳ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͪͻͪͯΔ; ͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸;ͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͰͶͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͼ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯͰͶͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷi(̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹
͸ͪhttpwww.nspm.rs/kosovo-i-metohija/kako-smo-delili-kosovo.html ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ.)

ͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹͐ͪͻͶͼ̓;ͺ΂ͪ͸ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͰ͵ͼͺͰͻͽͲͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻ͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;ͦ͹ͻ
Θͽͪ;͸;̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸; ;͵ͪͲͪͬ΃ͳͯͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͪͻͫͪ͸ͪ΃͵͹ͭͬ͹Όͼͽͬͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͸ͳͼ;
ͫͳͶͳ ͽͬͻͯ͹ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͽͰ ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQXXXOTQNSTLPTPWP-i-metohija/kako-smo-
delili-LPTPWPIUNMͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͊ͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰ;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰΔͰ
ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸͵Ͱ ̽ͻͪͭͪ͸ͪ͑;ͽͪ͸͹ͬ΁ͪt̀͹ͻͪ͸ΒͰͽͻͪͱͳ͹͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͲͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͳͯͰΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͯͪͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹͵͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ͸ͪ͹ͫ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ
Γͳͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͪ͵͹͸΂Ͱͭͪͫͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͺͻͬͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͶͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͯͰ͹͌ ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰ
ͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳͼ; ;ͫͰΌͳͬͪͶͳ ̀͹ͻͪ͸ͪͯͪ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ;ͳͼͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͽͳͻͪΔͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ̀͹ͻͪ͸ͪͼ; ;ͫͻͲ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͽ͹ͭͪ ;ͫͳͶͳ ͪ ͺͻͬͳ
ͪͽͰ͸ͽͪͽ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ;ΒͰͫͳ͹;ͺͻͪͬ͹͵ͪͯΒͰͳ΃ͪ͹;̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵;i ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQXXXOTQNST
hronika/dragan-sutanovac-zoran-djindjic-je-imao-plan-podele-kosova-i-pripaja-nja-republike-
TSQTLFIUNMͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͌ͫͳͼͽͬ͹ͷ̀͹ͻͪ͸͚ͪͳ͸ΌͳΕͪͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ ͼ; ͺͻͰ͵ͳ͸;ͽͳ ͼͬͳ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͹ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ ͪ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ΃ͽͪͷͺͳ ͼ; ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹
͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪ͸ͳͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͽͬͻͯͳͶ͹ͯͪΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͰ͸Ͱͻͭͳ΂͸ͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͪͲͪͻͰ΃ͪ
ͬͪΔͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͶͰͱͪͶͪ ; ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸ͳ ͪͽͰ͸ͽͪͽͪ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
IUUQXXXCMJDSTWFTUJQPMJtika/djindic-ubijen-i-zbog-LPTPWBQCELII ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ IUUQTXXXFLTQSFTOFUESVTUWPJOUFSWKV-guri-dindic-je-ubijen-kada-je-rekao-da-ce-ujedini-
ti-rs-i-srbiju-ako-nam-otmu-LPTPWP ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ IUUQXXXCOFUJnfo/
WFTUJQSFHMFE@TUBNQFQIQ ZZZZNNEEOBW@JEͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ̀͹ͻͪ͸̿ͳͬ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳ͹͚ͳ͸ΌͳΕͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰΒͰ;ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͭͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪͽͬͻͯͳ͹ͯͪΒͰͳ͹͸ͼͪͷ ;ͼͬ͹ͷͷͪ͸ͯͪͽ; Ͳͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; ͳͯͪΒͰͽͪΒͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ
ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹ ͼͬͳͷ ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳͷ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪ ͽͰ ͯͪ
ͽͪ͵ͬͪ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͹ͯͫͪ΂Ͱ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQXXXOTQNSTLPTPWP-i-metohija/
kako-smo-delili-LPTPWPIUNMͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ΒͰ ͬͳͯͰ͹
͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͪ͸ͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂
͸͹ͼͬͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͪͬͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪt͋ͳͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪi ́ͬͪ͸ͪ
͊ͽͪͷͫ͹ͶͳΕͪ ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ t͸͹ͬͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳi ͪͶͳͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ
΁ͻ͵ͬͰͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͶͳͯͰͻͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
͌ͼͬ͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;;Ͳͪ
͆ͰͯͰΓ͸ͳ͵ ͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹ΒͰͯͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪtͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͵ͪ͹Β;ͱ͸ͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪi ͯ͹ͼ
ͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQXXXOFEFMKOJLSTWFMJLF-price/portalnews/poslednji-intervju-dobrice-cosica-da-li-
smo-razumeli-njegove-QPSVLFͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
́ͺͪ͵ ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͳͷ
͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͯͪ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͪt̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰͫͳͺͻͰͯͪ͹ ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͸ͳ
ͻͪͽ͹ͷi ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQXXXOPWPTUJSTWFTUJOBTMPWOBQPMJUJLBBLUVFMOP IUNM -
Cosic-Nisam-trgovao-,PTPWPNͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ̽͹ͫͻͳ΁ͪͣ͹ͼͳΕt͹ͽͪ΁ͳͯͰΒͰi͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
ͻͪͲͷͳ΃Γͪ͹;ͽ͹ͷͺͻͪͬ΁;̹ͪ΃;ͬͻͰͷͰ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵t͋ͻͰΕͰ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰi Β;ͭ͹
ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽͪͳͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵Ͳͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰ ̹ͻͪ͸ͳͼͶͪͬ̓ͻͼͽͳΕ ͳͲ͸Ͱ͹ΒͰΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯ
͸ͪΒ͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳͯͰΒ͸ͳ΀ͼ͵ͳ΁ͪ ͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͇͸ΒͰ ͸ͪͳͷͰ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ
16
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ͵͹͸͹ͫͳͷ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳ΀ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͯͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͪͷͻͰ͵ͪ͹ Ͳͪ΁ͳΓͳͷͪͶ͹ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔͰͯͬͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ
͋ͰͷͰΓΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͺͰͽ͸ͪ΂ͰͶͪ
͹ͫͪͺͻͪͬͪͼ;ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸ͪ
͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯ
͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͬͪΓͪ͸͹ͪ͵͹͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹ͶͰͭͪͶ͸͹
͸ͳ͵͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ
΃ͽͰͽ; ͺͻͪͬͪ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͪ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ ͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ͼ; ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ
ͽ͹͵͹ͷͯ;ͱͰͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͺͻͪͬͪͽͻͰͫͪ;ͬͪͱͳͽͳͳͽͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͸ͳ͵͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͲͪ΀
ͽͰͬͪͽͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͪ͵͹͸ͳΒͰͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ̓ͻͼͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ
–
͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΂ͰͶͪ ͼͬ͹Βͺ;ͽ͵ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔ;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹-ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ
ͬͳͯͰ͹ ΒͰ ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ; ͪͼͳͷͰͽͻͳ΂͸ͳ΀ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͹ͯ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͫͳ ͼͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͻͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͹ ; ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;
͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪ͹;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͼͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͹ͷ ͺ͹;Ͳ͹ͻ;͸ͪtͺ͹ͯ
ͻ;΂ΒͰͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰiͳͲ̺Ͱ͸ͼ–͇ͬͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͺͶͪ͸ͪͲ̹ͪ͹ͼ͸;ͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸;
͊ͻͫͳͫͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔ; ͺ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷͲͪͯͻͱͪͶͳ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͼͺ͹
ͷͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ Ͱͺͼ͵ͪͷͰͼͽͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͈ͰΕ͵;ͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΃ͳΒ; ̺ͳͼ͹͵Ͱ̽Ͱ΂ͪ͸Ͱ ̻ͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ΁;ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹
ͺ͹ΓͰ ͼ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳͷ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ ͽͪͷ͹΃Δͳͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͪͅ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪ͊ͬͰͽͳ΀̸ͻ΀ͪ͸ͭͰͶͪ ͏ͻ͵ͬͰ̹͹ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ͡Ͱͬͳ΃͵ͰͳͶͳ͏ͻ͵ͬͰ͊ͬͰ
ͽ͹ͭ͊ͺͪͼͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͺͻͰͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͫͳͺ͹ͯͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͷ
ͬͶͪ΃Ε;ͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͯͰ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͳͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͽ͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͫͳ
ͱͳͬFͶP"ͶͫB͸B΁B ͊ͻͫBͳ͏ͻ͸PͭPͻB΁B ͵͹ΒͰ;ͬͰ͵͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ;Ͳ͊ͻͫͰ ͪͶͳͳͺͪ͵͵ͪ͹
͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;
͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽB͸Pͬ͸ͳ͵BPͼͽBͶͳ΀ͲBKFͯ͸ͳ΁B ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͊ͳͻͳ͸ͳΕ͵ͪ
ͱ;ͺͪͼͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸͹ͷ̹ͻͰͲ͹ͬͳ΁͹ͷͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸͹ͷ͑ͽͻͺ΁Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ΒͲͪͷͳͼͶͳ ͸Ͱͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͰ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͻͰͲͰͻͬͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹͸ͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͈͹ͯ;ΒͰͬ͹ͳͶͳ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͪΒͰ ͼͽ͹ͭͪ ͺͻͰͯ
Ͷͪͭͪ͹ͯͪͼͰ;͹ͫͲͳͻ;ͲͷͰͳ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶ͹ͼͰͯͪ
͹ͫͪ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ; ͼͬ͹ͷ ͼͪͼͽͪͬ; ͳͷͪΒ; ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ;ͻͫͪ͸Ͱ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͫͳ ͹ͫͰ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪͶͰͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͫͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͬͳͯͪͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ́ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ
ͳͷͪͶͳ ͫͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͰ ͫͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵Ͱ ͵Ͷͳ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪ ͫͳ͹ͼ͵͹ͺͰ ͼͺ͹ͻͽͼ͵Ͱ
͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰͳͯͻ;ͭͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͳΒͪͬ͸Ͱ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰ͌ ͼͪͼͽͪͬ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͫͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͯͰ͹͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͳ͈ͰΕͳ ͪ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;ͪͻͫͪ͸ͪ΃͵͹ͭ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͳ͈ͰΕͳ
͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ ͚ͪ͵͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͌ͻ͹΃Ͱͬͪ΁ ̽Ͱ΂ͪ͸Ͱ ͫͰͲ ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪ
ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼ;
̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸;ͬͰΕͳ͸;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;ͫͳ ͺ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͼͽͬͪͻͳ
ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸; ͳ ͭ͹ͻΔͳ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͳ ͯͬͰ ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ ͻͰ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ́ͫͻͪ ́ͫͪͻͼ͵ͳ ̓͹Ͷͪ΃ͳ͸
ͳ
ͅ͹ͻͪͬͰ ͯͰ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹͈ͭ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͬΓͪ

̹ͳͽ͸ͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ ;͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͫͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͹ͼͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸ͰͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ̓ͻͼͽͳΕ;ΒͰͯͪͶͪͳͷͪͺͪͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͲͰͷΓͳ΃͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͰ͇ͯͪ͸ΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͰͺͻͰ
ͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ ;ͽͬͻͯͳ͹ ͯͪ ; Β;ͱ͸͹Β ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͭͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪ ͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ–
͹ͯͼͽ͹ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ –
͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͭ ͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪ ; ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ; ͊ͻͫͪ
ͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͼͰͬͰͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͪͻͰͪͶͪͳͲͷͰΌ;̈́ͳͺΓͪ͸ͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͋ͻͰͫͪ
17
͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ ͯͪ ; ͽͪΒ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͶͪͲͳͶ͹ ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹ ͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹Β
΁ͻ͵ͬͳ͹ͯ;ͲͰͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͳ΃Ͷͳ;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β ͲͪͷͳͼͶͳ
ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͫͳͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͯͰ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͻͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ;
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹-ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ͫͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͰͫͳͶͳͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸
ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ
͇ͼͪͷ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̓ͻͼͽͳΕΒͰͼͬ͹Β͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͯ͹ͻͪΌͰ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬ
ͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ;ͺ;ͽͳ͹ ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵; ͬͶͪͯͰ ͉͊ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͅͳͶͪ͸; ͈ͪ͸ͳΕ; ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ
͸ͰͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͼͪͬͰͽ͸ͳ͵ ͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹ ͻͰͲͰͻͬͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͭ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͪ ̺ͶͪͯͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͊Ͱͯͪͷͯͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ̓ͻͼͽͳΕͪΒͰͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͪͺ͹Ͳͬͪ͹ͺͻ͹Ϳͯͻ͊ͬͰͽ͹Ͳͪͻ͊ͽ͹Βͪ͸͹
ͬͳΕ ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͳͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͪͬͰͽ͸ͳ͵ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͉ͪ͊͠ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͳͼ΁ͻͺ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͯͻ
ͱͪ͹̓ͻͼͽͳΕͰͬͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͲͪ͵ͪͲͪ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͼ;ͼͻͰͽͼͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳͷ΃ͰͿ͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬͰ̽͹ͫͻͳ΁͹ͷͣ͹ͼͳΕͰͷ
(ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̽ͰͬͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ̓ͻͼͽͳΕͪͳͣ͹ͼͳΕͪ
ͣ͹ͼͳΕΒͰ ;͸ͪ΂ͰͶ; ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͹ ̓ͻͼͽͳΕͰͬͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͳͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ͋ͻͳ
ͯͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ̓ͻͼͽͳΕ ΒͰ ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͹ ͳ ͼ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͹ͷ ̿ͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͈ͪ͸ͳΕͰͷ ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͸ͳ͵͹ͷ ̻Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͶ-
΃ͽ̺ͪͫͪ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ̓ͻͼͽͳΕΒͰ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ͳͲ͸Ͱ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͰͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ
tͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰi ͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭ͸͹̺Ͱ͸ͼ–͇ͬͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;Ͳ̹ͪͳ͎̻Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͶ͈ͪ͸ͳΕΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
̓ͻͼͽͳΕͰͬͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ;ͺ͹͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃;ͺͪͱΔ;͌͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͯͪ͸ͳͷͪΒͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸ͪͼͶ;
ͱͫͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ̓ͻͼͽͳΕͰͬ͹ͭ ͺͶͪ͸ͪ ͳͲͻͪͯͳͶͪ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͻͽͰ ͼ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪͼͰΓͪ ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͳͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΒͰͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ*ͳ**͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹,
ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͪ͵ͪͷͺͪΔͪͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͬͪ͸ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͳͲͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͽͰͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ t͹ͽ;ͺͳͶͳiͼ;ͳͳͲͺͪͱΔͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͶͳ̓ͻͼͽͳΕͰͬ;ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬ;
ͺͪΒͰ͹͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͼͪͷ͹;ͯ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͈͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼͬ͹Β ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ
ͳͲ͸Ͱ͹ΒͰͳͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͳͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͰ͸ͪ;͵ͪͳ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̸͊͆͌
̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͪͻ̽Ͱͼ
ͺͳῈͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽͲͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹͸ΒͰ͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δ͹Β ͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̸͊͆͌ ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͪΕͰ
t͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ ͳͶͳ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ ͲͰͷΓͪ ͼ ͯͬͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱ ͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳ –
ͯͬ͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͲͰͷΓͪͼͪͯͬͪΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͳͼͽͳ͵͹ͻͰ͸i ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQXXXOJODPSTBSIi-
WBCIUNMͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
̽ͰͼͺͳΕΒͰͽͪͯͪͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳ͹ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͯ΀ͳͽ͸͹
͹ͽͺ͹΂͸;ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ͹ͷͳͻ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔ;ͺ͹ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃
ͽͬͪ ;Ͳ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪ͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͬF͸FͼͪͼͬͳͷͺͻF΁ͳͲ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ
͸ͳͼͪ͸ͰͷͪͺͰͺ͹ͯFͶF̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͼͬ͹ͯͳͶͪͼͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͽͪͯͪ΃Δ͹Β͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼ
ͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͹ͼͽͪ͸F͸ͪΒͬFΕͳͯF͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶFΌͪ ͈FΕͳ͈FΕ͵ͪͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΃ͳΒͪ ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻ

͊ͬ͹Β;ͳͯͰΒ;ͲͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͺͳͽͪΔͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ̹ͻͪ͸ͳͼͶͪͬ̓ͻͼͽͳΕΒͰ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͳ͹;͵Δͳͭ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͯ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͺͻͰͯ ͼ;ͯ͹ͷ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͵͹Β; ΒͰ ͳͲͯͪ͹ ͯͬͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ̽ͰͬͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭ ͪͬͭ;ͼͽͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹Β; ͼͽ;ͯͳΒ; ΒͰ ͸ͪ ;ͬͳͯ
ͺ͹ͼͶͪ͹ ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸; ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ; ͋ͪͯͪ΃Δͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ̓ͻͼͽͳΕͰͬ; ͵Δͳͭ; ͳ ͺͳͼͷ͹ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ ͯ͹ͫͳ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪ͹ ̓Δͳͭͪ ΒͰ ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸ͪ ͳ ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵; ͏ͻ͸Ͱ ̻͹ͻͰ ͅ͹ͷͳͻ;
̹;Ͷͪͽ͹ͬͳΕ; ͆Ͱ
ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͪ͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ
ͺͶͪ͸͸ͳΒͰ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͰ;ͲͰͶ͹ ;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͰ(̓ͻͼͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ).
18
̺ͳͼ͹͵ͳ̽Ͱ΂ͪ͸ͳ ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻ̻ͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
ͺ͹ͻͰ͉͎ͯ̓ͅt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪi͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͭͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͼ;ͫ
ΒͰ͵ͽͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̻ͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͰͫͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͲͪͷͳͼͶͳ ͳ΃Ͷͪͽͳ͵ͺ͹ͻFͯͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͭΒFͲͭͻͪ
͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸F ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͵ͻ͹Ͳͭͻͪͯͼ͵;ͽFͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͳ͹͸ͪͫͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͹͸F;ͯͳͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ;̹ͻ΂͵͹ ͺͻFͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ͸Ͱ͵; ͬͻͼͽ;͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͫͳͻFͭͳ͹͸͈͹ͯ;ΒFͬͪ ;͵͹ΒFͷΒFͺͻ͹΁F͸ͪͽ͊ͻͫͪͬͻͶ͹ͷͪͶͳ
ͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͬFͲͪ͸ͼͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ͸͹ͷͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯFͶͪ͊ͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳ͵;ͻͳ͹ͲͳͽFͽ͹ͬFͺ͹ͯFͶFͫͳ͹ΒF;ͽ͹ͷF΃ͽ͹
ͷFͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳͯF͹ ;͵͹ΒFͷͼ;ͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͳΔͪ ͸Fͫͳͳͷͪ͹ͭF͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ
͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽFͽͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ ͬͰΕͼͪ͏ͻ͸͹ͷ̻͹ͻ͹ͷ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰ͈ͻͬ͹ͭͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ̽Ͱͼͺͳ
ΕͰͬ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ ΒͰ ͫͳ͹ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͪ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͫ͹ͷͫͪ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
IUUQXXXWSFNFDPSTBSIJWB@IUNMIUNMͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͆ͪͳ΃ͪ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ
͹΃ͽͻ;͵ͻͳͽͳ͵; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͯͰͶͪ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͶͳͯͰͻͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹-ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͊ͻͫͪ ͯ͹͵ͭͪΒͰ
ΒͰͯͳ͸͹Βͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͹̽Ͱͼͳͷͳͻ͋͹΃ͳΕ ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸͵Ͱ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͳͯͰΒͪͼͰ
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪͶͪͼͳͯͰΒ͹ͷͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ͊ͽͳͬͰ͸ͪͪͅΒͼͽ͹ͻ͹
ͬͳΕͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵ΔͳͲͳ̀ͪͬͻ΃͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳ͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶ;Β;ͱ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Β͹Βͫͳ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸ͪΔͰ͸ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͺͻͳͺͪͶͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳͫͳͳͷͪͶͳ
͹ͺ΁ͳΒ;;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͪͼ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷͳͶͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQXXXOTQNST
kosovo-i-metohija/kako-smo-delili-LPTPWPIUNMͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

͆Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͪ΃;ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪͲͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͲ͸Ͱ͹ΒͰ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ͵ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻ ͅͳ͹ͯͻͪͭ ͠͹ͬͳ΂ͳΕ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ Ͳͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͹ ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ
ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ͊ͪͬͰͲ͸Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ; ;͵͹Β͹ΒͫͳͼͰ;͵ͳ͸;ͶͰͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼ
ͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͏ͻ͸Ͱ̻͹ͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͳ̺͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͋͹ΒͰͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃Ε; ͳͼͽͳ΂;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹-ͺͻͪͬ͸͹;ͻͰΌͰΔͰ͉͊͠ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹
͸ͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͳ͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͠͹ͬͳ΂ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͪͼͻͺ
ͼ͵ͪͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ͸ͪͽͻͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ̹ͪ͸ͪͽ ̹ͪ΂͵ͪ ͳ͊ͻͰͷ
ͯ͹͵ͫͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͰͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͯͬͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͳͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ
͊ͬͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͷͪΔͳ
͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͫͳͶͪͫͳͲͪͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼͬͪͺͻͪͬͪ Ͷͳ΂͸ͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ
͵͹Βͪͫͳ ͫͰͲͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͱͳͬͪͶͳͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹͈ͯͪ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪͫͳ ͫͰͲ
͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͶͳͼ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͻ;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͳͶͳͱͳͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͰͶ͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳ
ΒͳͲͰͷΓͰ ;ͱͳͬͪͶͳͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪ t΂ͳΒͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͶͰͱͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;͹ͯ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͆Ͱͺ͹͵͹ͶͰͫΓͳͬ;ͼͽͪͬ;ͯͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼͬͰͼͽͪ͸΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ
΁ͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͯ;ͭ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͭͪ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͷͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͻͺ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͶͳͯͰͻͪ ͠͹ͬͳ΂ͳΕΒͰͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳ͹ͯͪͼͰ;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͳͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹
͸; ͺ͹ͻͰͯ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͲͪͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹Βͪͫͳ;ͱͳͬͪͶͳͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͪͲͪͽ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹
ͻͳΒ;͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͳͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͳͷͪͶͰͫͳ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪ
Ͷͳ΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͯͬͪͬͰΕͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹͹ͺ΃ͽͳͷͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͷͪ ;ͲͺͻͳͷͰ͸;ͷͰ΃͹
ͬͳͽ͹ͭ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹-ͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͯ͹͵ ͫͳ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͬͰΕͰ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ ; ͺͪͻͳͽͰͽ͸͹ͷ ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–
͇ͯͶ;͵Ͱ
19
ͫͳͼͰ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͶͰͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹΃Ε;ͳͶͳͯͬ͹ͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ ͹ͫͪ
ͬͰΕͪ́;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͲͬͻ΃͸͹ͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸;ͫͳͶͳͫͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹
ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͫͻ͹Βͫͳͫͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͼͽͪͽ;ͽ͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–
͇ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͼͽͪΔͰ;
ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸;t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹iͳͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸;tͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪi ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ
͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ΒͰͻΒͰ͠͹ͬͳ΂ͳΕͰͬͪͬͳͲͳΒͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͺ͹ͽ
ͺ;͸͹ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͳ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͺͪ ΒͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͽͻͪΒͰͯ͹ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͪͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸ͼ;ͼͪ tͯ͹͵΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹
ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͸Ͱͯ͹͵ͪͱͰͼͬ͹Β;ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͶ͹ΒͪͶ͸͹ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͬͪΓͪ͸ͪͯͪͽͳͯͪΕͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
Ͳͪͺͻ;ͱͪΔͰͷͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͽͳͼͬͰͷͪΔͪͳ
͵ͪͯͪΕͰͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰ͸͹ͻͷͰͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͼͬ͹Β;ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͠͹ͬͳ΂ͳΕΒͰͼͷͪ
ͽͻͪ͹ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͹ͬͪ͵͹ ;ͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͸ͪ ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹Β ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͶͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͺͻͪͬͪͺ͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͷͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ
ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ ͽͰͯͪͫͳ ͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͽͪΒͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͫͳ͹ͯͰͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;
;ͼͶͰͯͳͶͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳͼ;ͯͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ
͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͬͻͼͽͳ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ͸͹ͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͲͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ;ͺͻͰ
Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͰͯͪΔͪ͹ͬͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ̸͇͆͋ͺͪ͵ͽͪͺ͹ͽͰ͵ͶͪΒͰ͹ͯͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻͪͳͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪ
ͽͰ̽;΃ͪ͸̹ͪͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ͇ͪ͸ΒͰͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΃ͰͼͽͷͰͼͰ΁ͳ;͹΂ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͬ͹Β͸͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͪͬͰͲͪ͸͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ; ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳ͹ͷ͹ͯͰͶ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳͷͫͳͼͰ͹΂;
ͬͪ͹ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͪͼͽͪͬͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ;ͲͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;͊ͻͫͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ
ͬͰΕͳ͸; ̓ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͫͳ ͫͳͶͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹ ͪͭͻͪͻ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͫͰͲ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ;
ͼͪͷͳͷͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷͪͫͳ͹ͫͳ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͻͰͱͳͷ ;ͺͻͪͬͰ̓ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͼͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ
ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͼ; ͷ͹ͻͪͶͳ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ ͫͳͽͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ ͪͶͳ ͫͳ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳͶͳ ; ͽͰͼ͸͹Β
ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ΒͬͰͲͳͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͰ͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ
ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ ; ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ ͫͳ ͺ͹ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹Β ͹ͯͶ;΁ͳ ͯͪ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ΃ͳͻͳ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ;͸;ͽͪͻ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵ͬ͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͫͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͻͰ΂ͳͷ̹ͪͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͪ ͫͳͶ͹ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͷ͹ͯͰͶ;ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͼͽͰͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳ
ΒͰ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͳ ̹ͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
̓ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͷͪͼͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͬͰΕͳ
͸͹ͷͯ͹ͯͪͶͳͫͳͼͰͼͬͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͳͼͳͷͪΔͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͰͯͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͳͯ͹Ͱ͵ͼ
ͺͻ͹ͺͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽ͵ͪ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ́ͷͪͶͳͫͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸;ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬ;
ͼͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͼ;ͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪ̓ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͰͫͳͫͳͶͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͯ͹ͷ͸Ͱ ͪ
͸ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳ͸ͰͫͳͫͳͶͳͫͰͲ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͰͽ͸ͳ
΂͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵ͶͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͫͳͶͪͫͳ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳͷͽͻͰͽͷͪ͸͹ͷͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͭͻ;ͺͪ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͯ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͪ ͺ͹;Ͳ͹ͻ;͸ͪ͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵; ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

̹ͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͳΕΒͰͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͺͰͽͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͪ
͈ͻͬͳ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͹ͫͳͪͻͰͪͶ́ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ͭ̓͹Ͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͪͼͪͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̀;ͫͳ͸͹ͷ͈͹ͽ͹͵;ͳ
͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͳ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ
̽ͻ;ͭͳ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͫͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͲͷͰΌ;̓͹ͼ͹͈ͬͪ͹Γͪͳ̈́ͳͺΓͪ͸ͪ ͼͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͼͰͶͳͷͪ
͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ̈́ͪͲͪͻͰͬ͹ ͅͳͶ͹΃Ͱͬ͹ ̻ͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͐ͪͭͶͪͬͳ΁ͪ ̽͹ͫͻ͹ͽͳ͸ ̈́ͪͺΓͰ͊ͰͶ͹
̸ͯͷͳ
͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͫͳͶͰ ͫͳ ͵͹ͻͳͭ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯ ͷͪΔͳ΀ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀
20
͸ͪͼͰΓͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͹ͫͻͪͲ;Β;͸͹ͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͷͪͫͳͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͋ͻͰΕͳ ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ ͫͳ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭ ͈͹ͷ͹ͻͪͬΓͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ
̓ͪͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵̺ͪͳͽͳ͸ͪͳ̻ΔͳͶͪ͸Ͱ ͭͯͰͫͳͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ;ͷͰΌ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;
ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͪ͵͹ͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
͐Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͫͳͼͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͊ͳͻͳ͸ͳΕ͵Ͱͱ;ͺͰ ͼͪͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;ͷͪͶ͹ΒͺͶͪ
͸ͳ͸ͼ͵͹Β͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͑ͽͻͺ΁Ͱ ;Ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͺͻͳͺͪΒͪΔͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͇ͺ͹ΓͰͳ̻͹ͻͪ ͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸Ͱ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ
̻͹ͻͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͳͬͻͶ͹ͼͺͰ΁ͳ
Ϳͳ΂͸͹ͭͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ͹͸ͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪ΃ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ
͈Ͱͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͫͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͻͰ΂ͳͷ̹ͪͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͪ Ͳͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱͳ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͼͰ͹ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͼͰ͹ͫͳ͸Ͱ;ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
͹ͯ ͈ͰΕͳ ͯ͹ ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͳ ̓Ͷͳ͸Ͱ ͭͯͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͻ;ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͋͹ͷ Ͳͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ͷ ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸; ͫͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͺ͹ΒͳͶͪ ͳ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͼ͵ͪ ͳͷͪΔͪ ̺ͳͼ͹͵ͳ΀
̽Ͱ΂ͪ͸ͪͳ͈ͰΕ͵ͰͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΃ͳΒͰ ͳͽ͹;͹ͫͳͷ;͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͺͻͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ͆ͪ
ͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͫͳͼͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ ͬͰΕͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸;Ͷͳ ͺͻͳͺ͹ΒͳͶͪͳͷͪΔͪ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪ ̹ͪΔͼ͵ͪ ͊͹͵͹Ͷͳ΁ͪ ̽;ͫ͹͵ͳ͈͹ͽ͹͵ ̻ͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ̽Ͱͬͳ΂ ͊ͬͰͽͳ̸ͻ΀ͪ͸
ͭͰͶͳ ̀͹΂ͳ΃ͽͰ ̽ͻͪͭͪ͸ͪ΁ ̻͹ͻͳ͹΂ ̹;ͯͳͼͪͬ΁ͳ

̾ͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͷ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;Ͱ͸ͽͳ ͊ͻͫͳͫͳ ͺ͹ͯͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͳͷͪͶͳ
͹͵͹͹ͯͼͽ͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ͫͳ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͳͼͪͶͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͳͼͽ͹, ͼͽͻ

̓ͪͯͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳ;ͺͳͽͪΔ; ΔͳͷBͫͳͫͳͶ͹ͼͶPͫPͯ͸P͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͯBͼBͷͳPͯBͫFͻ;͵ͪ͵͹
ͫͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͶͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͫͻ͹Β ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ͬͻͼͽ;;ͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͼ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ ;ͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸Ͱ ;͵ͻͪ
ͽ͵͹ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸; ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ; ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬ; ̻ͪͻͪ͸ͽ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ; ͹ ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͫͳͶͪ ͫͳ ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ
ͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳΒͰͷͪ΁ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–240).
͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͺͶͪ͸ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͶͳͯͰͻͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀͊ͻͫͪ ͅ͹ͷ΂ͳͶ͹͋ͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳΕ
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ͬͶͪͯͳ͵ͪͻͪ΃͵͹-ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ̸ͻͽͰͷͳΒͰ ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ΒͰͯ͹ͷͪΕ͹Βͳͼͽͻͪ͸͹ΒΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͷͰͼͰ΁ͳ
;͹΂ͳͻͪͽͪ ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͸ͳ͹ͯͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͸ͳ͹ͯͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ
ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͽͻͰͫͪͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰ;ͽ͹͵;ͶͰͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΃ͰͿͅͳͼͳΒͰ
͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ̹Ͱͻ͸ͪͻ̓;΃͸Ͱͻ͸ͪͺ͹͸͹ͬΓͰ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ͹͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͷͪ
ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪ͹ͳͯͰΒ͹ͷ͹ͺͻͰͭͻ;ͺͳͼͪͬͪΔ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;Ͳͪ΃
ͽͳΕͰ͸ͰͲ͹͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͿͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͵;ͬͻͼͽ;͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
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tͷͻͽͬ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͹͸ͪͺͪͺͳͻ;i͈ͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳ͹ͼͰt͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ
͸ͳ΁Ͱ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪi ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͳͼͽͪ͵Ͷͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͳͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹͍ͬͪͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ
́ͫͰͻ ̺Ͱͯͻͳ͸ ͳ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͠͹΃͵ͪ ͍ͳ΃Ͱͻ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQXXXWSFNFDPSTDNTWJFXQIQ
JEͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
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ͼͬͳ΀ͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼ;ͼͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͳ
ͶͰ̹ͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͰͬ͹ͷͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ;̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰ͹͸ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͬͳͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ ͹ͼ;ΌͰ͸ͯͪͼͪͷ͹͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;
ͳͯͰΒͰ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͳ
ΒͰͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪͼͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ;ͯͰͶ͹
21
͊ͬͳͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͺͻͰͯͶ͹Ͳͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͬͻͼͽͳ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ͸͹ͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
Ͳͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳͼ;;ͻ͹ͯͳͶͳͺͶ͹ͯ͹ͷ͐Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳͳ͸ͪ;ͯͪͻ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͫͳͶ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͪͳ΀ͳ΀͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͹ͼ;ΌͳͬͪͶͪ͵ͪ͹tͳͲͯͪΒ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱi ͫͳͶ͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͪͳ΀ΒͰͰͽͳ͵Ͱͽͳ
ͻͪͶͪ ͵ͪ͹ t͹ͺͪͼ͸Ͱi ͳ t΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱi ͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽͪ͸ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ ͹ ͸Ͱ͵͹Β ͬͻͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭ΃ͰͿͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳΒͰ́ͬͳ΁Ͱ̽ͪ΂ͳΕͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼ͵ͳ΁;͹ͬͰͳͯͰΒͰ
ͺͻͬͳ ͺ;ͽ ͺͻͰͯ͹΂ͳ͹ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQXXXCOFUJOGPWF-
TUJJOEFYQIQ ZZZZNNEEOBW@DBUFHPSZOBW@JEͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
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ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ Ͳͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ; ; ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔ; ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪi ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQXXX
nspm.rs/hronika/ivica-dacic-razgranicenje-jedino-resenje-za-LPTPWPIUNM ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͼͽͪͬΒͰ͸ͪͳ΃ͪ͹͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹;ͯ͹ͷͪΕ͹Β ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β
Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͠Ͱͯ͸ͳͭͪͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;tͲͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͰͶͳͷi ͯͻ;ͭͳtͺͻ͹ͫ͸ͳͷͫͪͶ͹͸͹ͷ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪi ͯ͹͵͸Ͱ͵ͳ;ΔͰͷ;
ͬͳͯͰ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ; ͳͯͰΒ; ͳ ͺ;ͽ ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͻͰ΃ͰΔ; ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQSTOJOGPDPN
B7FTUJ7FTUJ%BDJD-Razgranicenje-a-ne-podela-,PTPWBIUNMͺͻͳͼͽ;-ͺΓͰ͸͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ
͸Ͱ IUUQXXXCMJDSTWFTUJQPMJUJLBTWBKDBSTLJ-list-podela-kosova-probni-balon-CFPHSBEBRYLYS
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰIUUQNPOEPSTB*OGP4SCJKB%BDJD-o-podeli-,PTPWBIUNM
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ IUUQXXXOPWPTUJSTWFTUJOBTMPWOBQPMJUJLBBLUVFMOPIUNM
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vesti/politika/dacic-kriticari-mog-predloga-bi-da-predaju-celo-LPTPWPYCXNNͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
́ͺͪ͵ ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͻͰΕͳ ͯͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ
Βͪͬ͸͹͸ͳΒͰͳͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪͼͳͯͰΒ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͰͶͰͼͬ͹ΒͰΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͳͶͳͺͪ͵ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪͼͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹-
ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷ͇ͪ͸ͪͳͯͪΓͰtͬͳͼͳ;ͬͪͲͯ;΀;i
***
͋Ͱͷͪ ͵͹Β; ͼͷ͹ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͳ ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͽͳ ͳ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ ͹ͫͻͪͯͳͽͳ ͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ΒͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹
ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͈ͪ͹ͲͳͬͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻ̺ͪ;΂ͳΕͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳͷͪͲͪ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ;
t;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭ;i ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ ΒͰ ͼͷͰͼͽͳͶ͹ ͹ͬͪΒ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ; ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͺͪͱΔͰ ͐ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪ ; ΔͰͷ; ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β; ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻͳ
͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ̸͊͆͌ ͈͊͏ ͪͅͽͳ΁Ͱ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͬ͹ΓͪͯͪͼͰͼͪͼͶ;΃ͪΒ;ͳ;Ͳͷ;;ͻͪͲͷͪͽ
ͻͪΔͰͼͬͳͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͶ͹Ͳͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͲͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ
͏Ͱ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͪͫͳ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͪ ͹͵͹Βͳͷͪͼͷ͹ͺͳͼͪͶͳ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ; ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹
ͫͳͶ͹ ͹ͯ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͅ͹ͱͯͪ ͼͰ ; ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͵ͻͳΒ; ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͭ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹
͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ;ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͳͷͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͷ
ͫͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͶͪ ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ
Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͳͶͳͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͪͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͋͹ΒͰ ;͸Ͱ͵;ͻ;͵; ͳͼͷͳͼͪ͹͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ

22

̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌"

͇ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ
͊ͪͬͰͲ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ;ͫ͹ͻͫͳͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯ͆́̓͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽ

́͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ
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ͅͳͶͪ͸̽ͳ͸ͳΕ ̓ͪ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͶͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͈͆͊ͅ, 8. 6. 2011. ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQXXXOTQNST
kosovo-i-metohija/kako-smo-delili-LPTPWPIUNM<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ>
Pomirenje prava Srba i Albanaca, 7SFNF ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQXXXWSFNFDPSTDNT
WJFXQIQ JE<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ>
̸͊͆͌ ͺͰͬͪΔͰͭͶ;ͬͳͷͪ 7SFNF ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQXXXWSFNFDPSTBSIJWB@IUNM
IUNM<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ>
»WBKDBSTLJMJTU1PEFMB,PTPWBtQSPCOJCBMPOi#FPHSBEBi #MJD ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
IUUQXXXCMJDSTWFTUi/politika/svajcarski-list-podela-kosova-probni-balon-beograda/qx9kx2r

̈́ͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͪ
̹ͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̽
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͐ͳͭ͹Βͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ
̾͵ͷͰ΂ͳΕ ͅ
̽;ͭ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͵ͶͪΔͪͳ͹ͻͪΔͪ́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͊ͻͫͪ;͆͹ͬ͹ͷ̺Ͱ͵; –

̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ
́ͶͳΕ ͈
͇ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ; ͼͰ΁Ͱͼͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͪ ; ̓
ͅͳ΀ͪͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ–ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̸ͪͯ͊͆͌
͠͹ͬͳ΂ͳΕ ͅ
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ̺ͪͯͪΒͪͽ
̓ͻͼͽͳΕ ̹
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͼ;ͯ͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ̀Ͱͷ;͸̹ͻͪ͸ͳͼͶͪͬ̓ͻͼͽͳΕ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ-ͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͊
̻͹ͯͳ͸ͰͻͪͼͺͶͰͽ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ̹̻ͪͯ́̀
͌ͻ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ "
͇̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ ͸ͪͼͰΓͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͼͺͳͼͳ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͪͫͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵ͪt́ͬ͹̸͸ͯͻͳΕi
͏ͬͳΒͳΕ ͠
͇ͼ͸͹ͬͰͲͪͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒ;ͳͭͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͰͳ͊ͽͪͻͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪ
;͠;ͱ͸͹Β̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͋ͻͪ͵ͳΒͳ ͼ;ͼͰͯ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͪͅͶͰ̸ͲͳΒͰ ;͋ͰͼͪͶͳΒͳͳ̾ͺͳͻ;̓Δ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ̓ͻͪΓͰͬͼ͵̸ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ
ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ̽
͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵Δ**̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ̽
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹–̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̺ͪͯ;͵͹ͽͳΕͷͰͯͳͪ
24
+07"/+"-&,4*Ƃ
CANTONISA5*0/ %&-*/&"5*0/ %*7*4*0/

ABOUT SOME SERBIAN INTELLECTUALS’ PROPOSALS FOR
"$0.130.*4&40-65*0/505)&,04070130#-&.
SUMMARY
The complex Kosovo and Metohija issue, which dates from the period of the Ottoman Empire, today
still represents the main stumbling block in Serbian-Albanian relations. The so-called self-proclaimed inde-
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countries have further contributed to complicating this problem. Regarding the official Serbia, the area of
Kosovo and Metohija is still, formally and legally, part of its country as a whole, while in terms of Albanian
QFPQMF ,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKBJTBOJOEFQFOEFOUTUBUF)PXDBOUIFTFUXPEJBNFUSJDBMMZPQQPTJOHWJFXQPJOUT
be rFDPODJMFE )PXDBOIJTUPSJDBMSJHIUTPG4FSCTBOEUIFQSFTFOUFUIOJDSJHIUPG"SCBOBTJUPUIJTUFSSJUPSZCF
TJNVMUBOFPVTMZTBUJTGJFE *TTVDIDPNQSPNJTFQPTTJCMFBUBMM 4PNFSFQSFTFOUBUJWFTPG4FSCJBOJOUFMMFDUVBM
elite have been trying to answer these questions since the '60s of the last century until the present day. In the
paper you are reading, one can see what the directions of their consideration were.
,&:803%4 cantonisation, delimitation, division, Kosovo, solution.

821.111.09-͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ̺
821.111.-͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ̺
̸̸̸͉̺͆͆̽̾̾́ͣ͠ͅ 1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ
;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͳ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽ

̸̸͈͉̻͇̹͑̾̓͊́́̈́̈́́̀͏̸́͠2

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͰͯͻͪͷͰ ͼ;ͽ͹͵͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃ͶͰͼͬ͹Βͺ;ͽ͹ͯ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪt̻Ͷ͹ͫiͯ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͇ͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹͸ΒͰͬͻͶ͹ͫͻͲ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺͳͼͪ΁͈ͻͪͽͰΕͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ
ͳ ͻͰ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ; ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ ͯͰͶͪ ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ;ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΒ;͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͪͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͪͶͳͼͰ;ͬͰ͵ͳͼͪͷͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΒ;ͰͼͽͰͽͳ΂͵͹Βͳͪ͵ͼͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Βͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀
ͯͰͶ͈ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͰͯͻͪͷͰͼ;ͼͰͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͰͳ;ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͼͬͻ΀Ͱ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳͶͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͸ͪ΁ͳͼͽͪ ͳͶͳ ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͪ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ ΒͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸
ͺͳͼͪ΁ ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͯͻͪͷͰͼ;ͳͲͬͪ͸͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳͶͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͲͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹Βͳ΀;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͽͰͷͪ͌ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͯͻͪͷͪͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵FͪͼͺͰ͵ͽF ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵F͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽF ͻ͹ͯ͸; ͸Ͱ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ ͷ͹ΕͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͻͰͱͳͷͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͪͶͳͳͻ;΃ͰΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͯͻ;ͭͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻΒͰͫͳ͹ͼͬͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷͪͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͱͳͬͰ͹;ͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼ͸͹Β̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͼͳͶͪͱͰΓ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ
΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷͬͰΕͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͪͼͬͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͽͰΒͰͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͫͳͶͪͷ;ͶͽͳͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͪͳͬͳ΃ͰͿͶ;ͳͯ͸ͪ;ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷͳͼͶͳ͉Ͱ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͳͺ͹ͺͻͳ
΃ͽͰͷͰΌ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͽ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸̺ͪͰͶͳ
͵ͳͺͳͼͪ΁͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳͷ;͸͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ ͵ͪ͹͸ͳ͸ͪͳͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͫͳΕͰͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸͹͵ͪ͵ͪͬͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͷͪͶͰ͸ͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͻͰ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͪͷͪ̀ͪͽͳͷΕͰͼͰ;͵ͪͲͪͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͺͻ͹ͻ͹΂͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪ
ͬͳ͹;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͯͻͪͷͪͷͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ ͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼͪ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰt̻Ͷ͹ͫi ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ.
͇ͯ΂;ͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͻ͹΂͵ͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳ̹Ͱ͸ͪͦ͹͸ͼ͹͸ͪ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͺͳͼͪ΁͵͹Βͳ

t͸ͳΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͪ ͬͰΕͲͪͼͬͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪi ͼͬͰͽ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͿͪͼ΁ͳ͸ͳͻͪ͸͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳͷ
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andrejevic03@gmail.com
2
͉ͪͯΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪt̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ́́́

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̸̸͆ͅ. ̸͉̺͆̽̾̾́ͣ͑͠Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͯͰͶͳͷ͇ͪͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹͸ΒͰͬͻͶ͹ͫͻͲ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺͳͼͪ΁̽ͰͶͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͫͪͻͯͪ
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͰͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͰͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͶͪ ͸ͪͼͬͳͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰ
͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͬ͹ͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪt̻Ͷ͹ͫiͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͺͳͼͪ΁ ͊ͪͷͪͻͰ΂ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͪͰͽͳͷ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳΒͰͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ͹ͯtͶͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͻͰ΂ͳͭͶ͹ͫ;ͼ͵͹Βͪ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͸ͪͲͪ͹͵ͻ;
ͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͭͶ͹ͫ;ͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪ̀ͰͷΓͪͳͼͬͰͽi ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͆ͳΒͰͶͳͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͳͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͯͪͼͰͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͭΒͰͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳ
ͻ͹ͬͰͼͶͪͬͰͲͬͪͶ͹(MPVC – ̻Ͷ͹ͫ;ͼ ͋ͰͪͽͪͻΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͷͰͯ͹ͫͳ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͰͿͳͭ;ͻͰUIFBUSVN
NVOEJ – ͼͬͰͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͰͳͶͳͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽ͇ͪͬͪΒͽ͹ͺ͹ͼΕͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳͽͳͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃
ͽͰ ΒͰͻͼͰͬͰͻ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ;Ͳͭͻͪͯ;͵ͻͪͼͳͶͪͼͶͳ͵͎ͪͰͻ͵;Ͷͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͻ;͵ͪͷͪͯͻͱͳͭͶ͹ͫ;ͼͼͪͳͼͺͳͼͪ
͸͹ͷͺͪͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ5PUVT.VOEVT"HJU)JTUSJPOFN ͳͶͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͻͰ͵ͪ͹"MMUIF8PSMETB4UBHF,
ͳͶͳͺͪ͵ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͷͳͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͏Ͱ͹ͼͬͰͽΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁͈ͪͳͽͰͻ̽͹͸ͪͶͯͼ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ
΃ͽͰͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳͺͳͼͪ΁ͷ͹ͱͯͪͳ͸ͰͫͳͼͽͰ͵ͶͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵;ͼͶͪͬ;ͯͪΒͰtͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽ;ͫͳͶ͹ͯͪͽ͹
͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͳͷͰ͵ͪ͹͉;ͱͪ ͳͶͳ̓ͰͻͽͰ͸ ΒͰͻΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸͹ͼͽ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪ ͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳ
ͻͪ͸ͪͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹͹͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸΁;͸ͪͼͬͰͽ͵ͪ͹΁ͰͶͳ͸;i 3 (Donaldson, 1999,
ͼͽͻ
͊ͪͷͰͻͪͯΔͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͻͪͷͪ͸;ͯͰͺͪ͸͹ͻͪͷͼ͵͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰͼͬͰͽͪt͇͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
ΓͪΒ; ͷ͸͹ͭͰ Γ;ͯͰ ͳ ͷͰͼͽͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ ͳ ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽ ͌ ̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸; ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͻͪͯ;
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΁Ͱ͹ͼͬͰͽΒͰͫͳ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͪͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ΁Ͱ͹ͼͬͰͽi #BUFBOE5IPSOUPO ͼͽͻ

̈́ͳͼͽͪͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ; ͻͪͯΔͰ ; ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳͷͯͻͪͷͪͷͪ ΒͰͰ;ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸ͪ
͵ͪͱͰͦ͹͸ͪͽͪ͸̹ͰΒͽ ͪͶͳͼ;;Δͳ΀ͲͪͶ;ͽͪͶͳͳͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳͺ͹ͺ;ͽͪͬͅͻ͇ͪͽͰͶͪ ̸Ͷͱͳͻ΁ͪ̓ͪͶͳͫͪ͸ͪ
͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸ͪ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
͸ͪͷΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ ͫͳͶͪͼ;͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵; ͪͶͳͼͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪͻ͸ͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲ;ͷͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ͹
ͺ͹ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳͳ;͵Γ;΂ͳ͹;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼt͈͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰͼͬͰͽͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹
ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ ̽ͪͶͰ͵ͪ ͷͰͼͽͪ ͳ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͼ; ͫͳͶͪ ; ͱͳͬ͹ͷ ͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭ; ͼͪ ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹΃Ε;i #BUF BOE
5IPSOUPO ͼͽͻ

̸͵͹ͺ͹ΌͰͷ͹͹ͯͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ͉ͪ͹Ͷͪ͸͉ͯͪ͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸ͪͯͪΒͰ ͺͻͬͪ ͻ;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪͳͶͳͭͰͻͷͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͪ
ͿͪͲͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͪΒͪͶͪ ͹ͯ ͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃; ͳͯͰΒͰ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ ͳ
ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΕͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͳ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̺;ͶͰ
ͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͽͰͪ͵͹ͼͰͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳͷ͹ͯͪͼ;͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪͶͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͬͰΕ;͵Γ;΂ͳͶͪ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵Ͱͽ͹͵͹ͬͰ ͹͸ͯͪͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪΒͰͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͺͳͼͪ΁ͫͳ͹ͼͬͰͯ͹͵ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͿͪͲͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͋͹ΕͰ
ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳ ͯͳΒͪ΀ͻ͹͸ͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͼͶͰͯ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ; ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͉ͪͲͬͳͽͪ͵ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͼ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳͼ;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ
ͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼ͸ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͼͷͰͶͳΒͳͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳΒͳͺͻͰͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͌ͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼͳͼͰ
ͺͻͰ͹͵ͻͰ͸;͹΂ͳͽͪͬ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͼ ΀ͰͶͳ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷΒͰͼͷͰ͸ͳ͹ͭͰ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸ͳ
ͪͳͯͰͪͶͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸
ͼ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪΒͰͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ MVPNPVOJWFSTBMF
t̀Ͷͪͽ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͪiͬͶͪ
ͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͻͪΓͳ΁Ͱ ̾ͶͳͲͪͫͰͽͰ * ͽͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͯ ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵Ͱ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ ͸͹ͬ; ͼͬͰͽͼ͵; ͺ͹ͷ͹ͻͼ͵; ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵;
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸;ͼͳͶ;͢Ͱ͸ͺ͹ͻͪͲ̸ͻͷͪͯͰΒͰ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;ͽͳ΁ͪ͹͸ͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͰͼͰͭ
ͷͰ͸ͽͰ;ͽͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ΒͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ̺ͳͶ̽Β;ͻͪ͸ͽ͵ͪͱͰ
3
͊ͬͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸ͰͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰͯͪͽͳͼ;;ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͻͪͯͪ
27
t̽ͪΒͰ̸ͻͷͪͯͪͫͳͶͪͷ;ͯͻͳΒͰͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͪͳͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͪ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͫͳͷ͹ͱͯͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͳ͹̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵;
̻ͳͲ͹ͬͳͫͳͷ͹ͱͯͪͺͻͰͬͪͭ͸;Ͷͳ;͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹Β ͎͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͳΒͪͫͳͼͰͷ͹ͱͯͪͺͻͰͯͪͶͪͷ͹ͱͯͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ͸Ͱͫͳ
ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͲͳΒͰͺ͹͸͹ͼͪͳͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͪͳ̹ͰΒ͵͹͸ͪͳͲͯͳͭͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͰ
ͳͺͶ͹ͯͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿͪͶ͸Ͱ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵Ͱ ͪͰͶͳͲͪͫͰͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͲͪ͸͹ͼͫͳͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͼ;͹΂ͳͼͪ΃ͺͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͳ͸͵ͬͳ
Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͋ͪ͵͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;ͽͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͳͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒ; ͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ;ͫͳΒͪΔͰͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ
ͼ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͲͪͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷ;ͯͪͼͰͱͳͬͳͳͭͻͪͯͳi ̽Β;ͻͪ͸ͽ ͼͽͻ

̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͪΒͰͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͪͼͬͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷΒͰͫͳͶͪͷ;Ͷͽͳͯͳ
ͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͳͬͳ΃ͰͿͶ;ͳͯ͸ͪ;ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷͳͼͶͳ ͪͼͪͷ ẗ́͹͸ͯ͹͸ͼͰ;ͬͻͼ
ͽͳ͹;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͰͰͷͺ͹ͻͳΒ;ͷͰͳͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;i(̽Β;ͻͪ͸ͽ ͼͽͻ–
͠Ͱͯͪ͸ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͭͪΒͰ
͸ͪͲͬͪ͹tͼͪΒͷ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳͽͻͪΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹΁ͰͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱi ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ̻ͻͳ͸ͫͶͪͽ ((SJOCMBU ͼͽͻ
͌ΔͰͷ;
ͼ;ͼͰͼͻͰͽͪͶͳΓ;ͯͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͻͪͲͷͰΔͳͬͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ ͪͶͳͳ
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ́Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ΒͰ;͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͫͪͲͪͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ͼͬ͹Β;Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒ;͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷ
ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͈ͻͰ͵͹ͺ;ͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΁ͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͺͻ͹ͯͻ͹;͹ͫͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ ͪ
Ͳͪͽͳͷͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪΒͰͬͰΕͽͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪͫͳt͵ͻͪΒͰͷ9*9
ͬͰ͵ͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͶͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ ͵ͬͪͯͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪ ͳ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪi
͚;ͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ
4
̽ͪ͸ͪͼΒͰͼͬͰ;͵;ͺ͸͹΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ
͵; ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͼͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪͶͰ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͳͷͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͼ;ͳͼͽͳ– ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵͹ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ
ͼͬ͹Β;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͪ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͲ͹ͬͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ̓ͪͯͪ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͼͬͰͽͪ ͪͶͳ ͼ; ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ
ͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵ͳΓ;ͯͳͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͼͬͰͽ͉ͪͳͷͼ͵͹΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ΒͰͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ
ͬ͹Βͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶ͹ͯͪͺ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͬͰͽ ͪͭͻͪͯͰΕͳͷͻͰͱ;ͺ;ͽͰͬͪ;͵ͪͲͪͶͳͼ;͸ͪͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͭ
ͼͬͰͽͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͫͻͲ͹ͭͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽͪͻ͹ͫͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͳͷͺͰͻͪ
ͽͳͬ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻΒͰ ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͯͻͪͷͳ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͳ̓ͶͰ͹ͺͪͽͻͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ͯͪΒͰtͱͰΓͪͲͪ΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͷͱͰΓͪͲͪ
;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹΃Ε; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͬͰͽi $BOUPS
ͼͽͻ
͉ͳͷΓͪ͸ͳ;͹ͬ͹ΒͯͻͪͷͳͬͳͯͰͼͰͫͰ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ΁ͰͶ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪͳ ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ ͼ;ͯͪͳͷͪΒ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪΔͰ̸ͭͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͼͰͫͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳ͸΁ͪ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͇ͪ͵ͽͪͬͳΒͰ͏ͰͲͪͻ
ͺͻͰͺ͹ͫͰͯͰ͸ͪͯΔͳͷ͵ͪͱͰ
̹ͶͳͱͳͼͰͬͻͰͷͰͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͪͷͳͻͪ
͈͹͵ͪͱͰͶͳͼͰͼͻͰΕ͸ͳͷ͹ͬͪΒͯͪ͸
͌ͼͬͪͽͻͳ͵;ͽ͵ͪͼͬͰͽͪ 5ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ΕͰ
ͪͅͼͶͳ͸ͪͯͪͼͰͭͪΒͳ
(Šekspir, 1966, *7 ͼͽͻ
4
̽͹͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͯͳͼͰͻͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͅͳͶ͹ͻ͚ͪͯͪ;ͻͳΕͪ ́ͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
httpsfedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/obdef.../download.

͋ͻͳͽͪͯͪͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ̸ͲͳΒͪͳ̸Ϳͻͳ͵ͪ
28
̾ͭͳͺΕͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͽͺͪͯͪΒ;ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͻͳͷͼ͵ͰͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
͵ͪ͵͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͷͰͻ͸ͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͼͰͳͼͪͷͪͼͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͪ
͌ͼ;ͯͪͻ;ͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͷͰΔͪͼͰͳΔͰ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ
ͽͰͽ́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;͹ͬ͹Β͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹Βͯͻͪͷͳ͉ͳͷͬ͹Β͸͹ͺ͹͵͹ͻͳ͹̾ͭͳͺͪͽ ͹͸ͼͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͪͼͳͷͳ
Ͷ͹ͬͪ͹ ; Ͱͭͳͺͪͽͼ͵ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ͍ͪͼ΁ͳ͸ͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͰͭͲ͹ͽͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ̾ͭͳͺͽͪ ͉ͳͷΓͪ͸ͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͪΒ;
Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ; ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͬ͹Β͸͹Β
ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͹͉ͯͳͷͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͪͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;ͼͳͶ; ΔͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͪͯͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͯͰ͵ͪͯͰ͸ͽ͸ͳͳͶͰΔͳͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͰͭͳͺͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
̽ͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͰ ͹ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Β ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͰ ͷͪ΀͹ͷ Ϳ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫ ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͳ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͊ͬͰͽ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͪͳ̓ͶͰ͹ͺͪͽͻͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͳͽͪΒͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͽͰͽ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;
́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͭͯͰΒͰ̾ͭͳͺͪͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͵ͪ͹ͰͭͲ͹ͽͳ΂͸͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ ΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹̀ͪͺͪͯΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
ΓͰ͸͵ͪ͹ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ Ͱͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ ;ͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͳͷ;΃͵͹΁ͪͻͼ
ͽͬ͹ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ́ͼͽ͹͵ͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͸Ͱͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͺͪͼͳͬ͸͹ Ͱͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹ Ͷ;͵ͼ;Ͳ͸͹ͳ
ͱͰ͸ͼ͵͹ ͵ͪͱͰ̓ͪ͸ͽ͹ͻ $BOUPS ͼͽͻ
́ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͬͪ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ͹΃ͽͻͰ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͳ΀
ͲͪͷͪͭΓ;ΒͰͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͉ͳͷ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͬͳͯͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͼͪͷ͹ͭ
̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒ͉ͪͳͷͼ͵ͪͬ͹Β͸ͪͼͳͶͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯ;ͺͻͰͰͭͲ͹ͽͳ΂͸͹ΒͰͭͳͺͪͽͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳ
ͼͪͷ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪ͹ͯ͹Ͷͳ̓ͶͰ͹ͺͪͽͻͳ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͻͳͷ͇ͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͿͰͷͳ͸ͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͼͶͪͫ͸ͪͼ
ͺͻͪͷΔͰ͸Ͱͷ;΃͵͹ͼͽͳͳ΀ͻͪͫͻ͹ͼͽͳ͈͹ͼͶͰ ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪͺͻͬͰͫ͹ͻͫͰ ̾͸͹ͫͪͻͫ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳ΃Ͱ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͬ͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ
͆ͳΒͰͼͬͻͪͫ
͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͰͼͽͻͪͼͽͳͼͷͰ͹ͬ͹Βͼ͵͹ͬ͹Ό;
͌ΔͰͷ;ͯͪ͹ͼͪ͵ͪͽͳ ͳͽ͹
͌΂ͪͼ;͵ͪͯͼ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Β
̽ͬͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͪͼͽͪΒͪͶͰ
̸ͻͪͯͳͶ͹ͼͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹͹ΔͰͷ;
»FLTQJS *** ͼͽͻ
̓ͶͰ͹ͺͪͽͻͪ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;Β;ͼͬ͹Β;ͻ͹ͯ͸;ͳ͸ͿͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͱͰͶͳͻͪͽͼͪ͏ͰͲͪͻ͹ͷ
͎͹Ε;
̓ͪ͹ͺ͹ͭͶͪͬͪͻͼͬ͹ͭͪ͵ͻͪΓͰͬͼͽͬͪ
͇͸ͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͺ͹Βͪͬͳͷͳͼͪͷͪ
͌;Ͷ͹Ͳͳͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͪ
»FLTQJS *** ͼͽͻ
́ͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹͉ͳͷͪͼ;ͭͰͻͳ΃ͰͯͪͼͰ;ͼ;ͯͪͻ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͬ͹Β͸ͪͼͳͶͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ;
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͼͳͶ;ͳͯͪͼͰ͵ͻͪΒΔͳͺ͹ͫͰͯ͸ͳ͵;ͫ͹ͻͫͳ Ͳͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͪΕͳͳ͵͹ͯ
ͺ͹ͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ΀͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͽ;͸ͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͳͬ͹ͼͽ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰt̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͳ
͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪͼͳͶͪ ͹͸ͪ͵ͻͰͳͻͪ͸͹ͬͰͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͰͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪͼͽͪͻͰi Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ
̓ͪ͸ͽ͹ͻ $BOUPS ͼͽͻ
͇͸ͪͲͪͳͼͽͪͳͷͪͪ͠͸;ͼ͹ͬ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ– Ͱͷͪ͸΁ͳͺͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͫΓͳͬͪ΂
29
͵͹;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;͹ͬ͹Β͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹Βͯͻͪͷͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͽͳͳͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹Γ;ͯͳͽ͹ͱͰͶͰ– ͉ͳͷΓͪ͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺͻͳͬ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͭͳͺͪͽͼ͵͹Β΁ͳͬͳ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͪ͹ͯ;΃ͰͬΓͰΔͰͷ ͹͸ͪͳͷ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͲͷͰ
ͷͪ΀ͪ ͳ ͺͻͰͽͳ ͯͪ ; ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲͫͻͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͽͪͯͪ ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ ͼͪͷ͹
ΔͰ͸;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͫΓͳͬͪ΂͵;ͼͽͻͪ͸;
͠͹΃ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪ ͯͻͪͷͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͸;ͯͳ ͼͶͳ͵; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵ͳ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΁̓ͪ͸ͽ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ͹͸ͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼͰ ΂ͳΒͳͼͰ
΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽͳͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻ;ͺͻͰ͵͹ ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ Cantor ͼͽͻ–
83). ͋ͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪΒͰ;̺Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͳ΁ͬͰͽͪͶͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳͷͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͲͪΒͷ
ΓͰ͸͹ͷ ͸͹ͬ΁; ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͲͰͶͰ͸ͪ΃ͰΔͰ ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͳͷͪͶ͹ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͫͳͶ͹
͵ͪͱΔͳͬ͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ6 ͊ͽͻͪ͸΁ͳͼ;;̺Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪ͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹͸ͳͭͯͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͳͫͳͶͳ
ͼ; ͹ͯ ͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ Ͳͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͽͰͽ ΁ͰͶͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ ΒͰ ͼͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͷ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳ͹ͳͲͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵͹ͭ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬ΁ͪ ΒͰͼͬͰͼͽͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͳͯ;ͱͯ͸ͰͼͷͰͯͪͷͰΔͪͲͪ͵͹͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͯͪΒͰ͹ͫͬͰͲ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹Β;ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͬ͹Γ͸͹
ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͹͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸;͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͪ
̽;ͱͯ͸ͰͼͷͰͺͻͪͬͯͰͽ͹͵ͯͪͺ͹ͫͳΒͪ
͠Ͱͻ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͰͶͼͰͺ͹ͬͶͪͼͽͳ΁Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳ΀
́ͷͪΒ;ͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳͽ;;ͅͶͰ΁ͳͷͪ
̽ͻͱͪͬ͸ͪͫͳͼͰͺͻͪͬͯͪͺͻ͹ͳͭͻͪͶͪ
̸͹ͬ͹ͭͷͰͼͽͪͺͻ͹ͷͰͽͳͺͻ͹ͫͳͽͪ͵
͇ͯ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬͳΒ;Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ
»FLTQJS *** ͼͽͻ
̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͬͪͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵;
ΒͰ ͽͪΒ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͯͪΓͰ ͼͰ ͳͼͺͳͽ;Β; ; ͯͻͪͷͳ ͈ͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪ ͼ; ͯͬͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͪ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͹͸ͪΒ
ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͳͪ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵͹͉ͬͳΒͪͶͽ͹ ͵͹ΒͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸;ͷͻͰͱ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ͹͸ͪΒ
ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͳ̸ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͬ;ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸;ͼͪͿͶ͹ͽ͹ͷͫͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͪͻͪ΃ͽͻ͵ͪ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͼͬͰͽ; ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͭͻ͹
ͷͪ͸ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ ͪͶͳͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͻͳͲͳ͵͊ͪͶͪͻͳ͸͹ͳ͊ͪͶͪ͸ͳ͹͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͯͻͪͷͰ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͷͳͼͶͰͯͪΒͰ
ͻͪͲͶ͹̸ͭ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͬͰͷͰͶͪ͸΀͹ͶͳΒͰͫͻͳͭͪ͹ͫͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͽͳͼ͸;Ͷͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͷ͹ͻͪ ΒͰͻͳ΀
ͽͪͷ͹ ΂Ͱ͵ͪΒ; ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͭ͹ͯͰ ͳ ͺͳͻͪͽͳ7 ͠Ͱͯͪ͸ ͫͻ͹ͯ ͷ; ͺͶ͹ͬͳ Ͳͪ ͋ͻͳͺ͹Ͷͳͼ
6
̺Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͲͪ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪͷͰͼͽ͹ͷ͹ͯ͸Ͱͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ ͪͶͳͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹-
΃͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͶ͹ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ t͌ ̺Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͳ ͼ;̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸΁ͳ ͬͳͯͰͶͳ ͼͶͳ͵; ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͱͰΓͪ ͳ
ͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽi Bate, Thornton ͼͽͻ
͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻΒͰͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹̺Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪ͹͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ͹
̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸͈ͪ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪΒͰͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͬͪͯͬͪͭͻͪͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͪͽͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͽͻͪ͸΁Ͱ ͯͳ͸ͪ-
ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
7
̽ͻ;ͭͳͻͪͲͶ͹̸ͭ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͬͰͷͰͶͪ͸΀͹ͶͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ΀͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͪΓ;ͫͪͬͺͻͰͷ̹ͪͪͼͪ͸ͳΒ;͋ͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸;͵ͬͳͻ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ; 2VFFStheory
;͹ͬ͹ΒͯͻͪͷͳΒͰͺͻͬͳͫ͹ͷͫͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳ͹ͦ͹ͲͰͿ͈Ͱ͵ͬͳͭ͸ͰΒͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΂Ͷͪ͸͵͹ͷ
t̸̽ͬͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͪͳΓ;ͫͪͬͳͼͽ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͪ;̹͹ͭ͹ΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͼ͵͹Β͸͹Εͳ ͳͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵͹ͷͽͻͭ͹ͬ΁;i͇ͬ͹ͷͽͰͷ͹ͷΕͰͼͰͫͪͬͳͽͳ
ͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻ͵ͰͿͰͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͦͰ͸Ͱͽ̸ͯͰͶͷͪ͸ͳ̓͹ͺͰͶͳΒͪ̓ͪ͸ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ )PQLJOT ͼͽͻ
–

30
Ͷ;͵; ; ͊ͳͻͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ;ͽ; Ͳͪ ́ͼͽ͹͵
ͯͻ;ͭͳ Ͳͪ ́͸ͯͳΒ; ͪͶͳ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸;
́͸ͯͳΒ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͲͰͷΓͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ
ͽͻͰΕͳͲͪͅͰ͵ͼͳ͵͹ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͲͪ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵; ̈́ͳͼͪͫ͹͸ ̹ͰͻͫͰͻͼ͵;
tͺͪͷ;ΒͰͳͯͻ;ͭͪͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪͼͽ;ͻͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͽ;Όͳ͸ͳi »FLTQJS * ͼͽͻ
̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͬͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ
͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͷͰͽ͵ͪͳ͹͸ΒͰͼͳͭ;ͻͪ͸ͯͪΕͰ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͳͷͰ̹ͪͼͪ͸ͳ͹ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁;
ͅͶͰ΁ͳͷͪt͸ͪΒͪͷͼͽͬ͹ͳͶͲͪΓ;ͫͪͬi̾͸ͽ͹͸ͳ͆;ͽͪͶ͵ͪͱͰt̽ͪΒͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͺͳͼͪ͹͹ͬ;ͯͻͪͷ;-ͳ΀
͸ͪͲͬͪ͹ͫͳΒͰ̓ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͪi /VUUBMM ͼͽͻ
́Ͳͪͳͼͽͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͲͪͷͪͭΓ;Β;ͼͬͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ; ͹ͬ͹Β ͯͻͪͷͳ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸Ͱ Γ;ͫͪͬ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵Ͱ ͆;ͽͪͶ Ͳͪͽ͹ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵ͳ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΁ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͯͻͪͷͪ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸͹͵ͪ͵͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ͹ͯͻͰ
Ό;ΒͰͼͪͬͰͼͽ ͪͶͳΒͰ ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪͶ͸͹ ;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͹͸ͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͲͫ͹͈ͭ͹ͻ΁ͳΒͳ͸͹ͭͷ͹͸͹
Ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͷͳͶ͹ͼͻΌ; /VUUBMM ͼͽͻ–262).
̸͵͹ͯͻͪͷ;΂ͳͽͪͷ͹͵ͪ͹ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒ; ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ; ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
͸Ͱͭ͹ ͳ͵ͪͯ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽͪ͸ ͺͻͬͰ ͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͰ ͹ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹ ͬͰΕ ;
ͺͻͬ͹ͷ΂ͳ͸; ͵͈ͪͯͪ͹ͻ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳ΃Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͼ΁Ͱ́ͪ͵͹ΒͰtͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͼͬͰͽͯ͹ͬͯͰͯ͹΃ͪ͹ͷͪͶͰ
͸͹Β͹ͼ͹ͫͳi »FLTQJS * ͼͽͻ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ tͼͪͼͬͳΒ;͹ͫͪͶͪ͊ͬͪ΂Ͱͽͳͻ ͬͰͽͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͽͶͪͬͪΒ;
΂;ͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͼ΁Ͱ͵Δ͹Βi »FLTQJS * ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͻ΁ͳΒͪͳ΀ͳͼͷͰͬͪͷͪ΀͹ͷͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸ͪͳͼͷͰͬͪͺͻͳ͸΁ͪ͹ͯͪͅͻ͹͵ͪͲͫ͹ͭΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͻͪͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͫ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͱͰ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ; ̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ͹ͯ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ͹ͻͪͼ͸͹Β ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͳͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͶͳͷͳͶ͹ͼͻΌͰ ͼͪͷͳ
͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰͫͳͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ͸ͪͷͰ΃ͪΔͰͻͪͼͪ #BUF 5IPSOUPO ͼͽͻ
̺Ͱͻͼ͵ͪ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͪͳ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͪͼͰ͹ͼͰΕͪ͹ͯͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͯͻͪͷͰ8 ̓ͪ͹ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓ
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͪ ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ΒͰ;ͰͶͳͲͪͫͰͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹Βͯͻͪͷͳͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͫͳͽͳ͹ͷͻͪͱͰ͸Ͷͳ͵͇͸ΒͰt͵͹͸ͬͰ͸
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͬͪͻͳͽͰΓͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰΔͪ;ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹Β͵͹ͷͰͯͳΒͳ– ͹͸ͺͻͰͲͳͻͰͬͰͼͰΓͰ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵;ͳͼͶͪͬ
ΓͰ ͼͽͪΒͰ͸ͪͺ;ͽΕͰͻ͵ͳ͸͹ΒΓ;ͫͪͬͳ ͹͸ΒͰ͹͵ͻ;ͽ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵͊ͽͪͻ͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͽͳͯͪ;ͭͻ͹
ͲͳͼͻͰΕ;΁ͰͶͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱi (SJOCMBU ͼͽͻ
ͅͻͱΔͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͳ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͪ ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ
͸ͪͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ͹ͫ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͳͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;
ͯͪͷͪͳͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͳͷ̸ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͬͪͷͻͱΔͪΒͰͷͪ΀͹ͷͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͯ͹͵
ΒͰ͵͹ͯ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪ͹͸ͪͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪͳͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͷ;΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͳͬͪΔͰ͸͹ͬ΁ͪͫͰͲ͵ͪͷͪͽͰ
ͻͰͷͰͽͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰͳͺͻͰͽͳͭ͹Ͷ͹ΒͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ
ͅͻͲͪ͵ΒͰͷͰ͸ͳ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ͸
ͅͻͼ͵ͳΒͳ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͭͶ;ͺ͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͼͽͪ͵ͪ
̹ͪͯͪͬͪ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͲͪΒͷͳ ͺͪ͸ͪͷͼ͵ͳͯͪ
̓ͪͷͪͽΔͪ͵͸ͪ΃;ͅͶͰ΁ͳͷͪͯͪͷ͹ͭ;
̹ͪͻΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͲͪͬͻͪͽͯͪͷ;ͼͽͪ͸ͰͷΒͪ
8
͠ͰͬͻͰΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹;̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β;͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸ͳͳͲ͹ͬͰͲͰͷΓͰͰͯͳ-
͵ͽ͹ͷ̾ͯͬͪͻͯͪI ͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͼ;ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳͽͰ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ́ͺͪ͵ ͹͸ͳͼ;͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͰ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱ ͶͰͭͰ-
͸ͯͰ ͫͪͼ͸Ͱͳͬͳ΁ͰͬͰ
͵͹ΒͰΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͽͰͱͰͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪͽͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͪͷͰΓ;ͯͰͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;̾͸ͭͶͰͲͳͫͳͶͳͬͰ͹ͷͪ
Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽͳ̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪͶ͹ͼͰͯͪͼ;tͷͪͷͳͶͳͷͪͶ;ͯͰ΁;;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͸ΘͰ ;ͫͳΒͪͶͳͳ΀ ͪ͹͸ͯͪͳͷ;ͲͳͷͪͶͳ͵ͻͬͲͪͺͻͪ-
ͬΓͰΔͰ΀ͶͰͫͪͲ͈ͪͪͼ΀;͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺͻͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ– ΂ͪ͵ͳ͵ͪͯͼ;ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪͼͳ– ͳͳͲ
ͺ͹ͽͪΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͳͶͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱ;͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ΒͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͷͻͰͱͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͳͻ͹ͫͰ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳͼ;ͽͻ͹ͬͪͶͳͫ;͸ͪͻͰͳ
ͫͳͶͳͬͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͫ;ͫ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵;ͭͰ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳͼ;ͽͪΒ͸͹ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͶͳͪͺ͹͵ͪͶͳͺͽͳ΂͸ͳͻͪͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͪ͠ͰͬͻͰ-
Βͳͼ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ ͭͪͯ͸͹ͷͳͻͳͼͪͶͳ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͼ͵ͳͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͷͰ͸ͼͽͻ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;i Grinblat ͼͽͻ

31
̀ͪͼͳͽͳ͹ͫͳ΀ͷͻͱΔ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͼͽͪͻ;
̓͹Β;ͼͺͻͪͷΔͰͭͪͭͪΒͳͷͅͻͲͳ͹͸
͆ͪ΃ͼͬͰͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͺͼ;ΒͰͽͪͷ͹ͫͪ΃
̻ͯͰͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΁ͪͳͷͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͅͰ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ΒͲͪ͸ͪͽ ͷ͹Β;Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹
͊ͽͰ΂Ͱ͸;ͯ͹ͫͳͽ ͲͰͶͰ͸ͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͷͽ͹
͆ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;Εͳ͆Ͱ͵ͫͳͺͶͰͷͰͷ͹ΒͰ
͈ͻ͹͵ͶͰͽ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͪ͵͹Ͷͳͷ;͹ͬ͹
͇ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͷͳ͵ͪͯ
»FLTQJS * ͼͽͻ
̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ͸͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͳͶ͹ͼͻΌͰͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵; ͵͹ͭͪͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ;
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͽͻͰ͸;΁ͳͷͪͼͪͱͪΓͰͬͪͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ;͹ͷͻͪͱͰ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͬͰ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃
ͽͬ;͵ͪ͹ͲͰͶͰ͸ͪ΃ͪͳ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸ͪ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵͸ͰͳͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͰͻͰ΂ͳ͵͹Βͳͷͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵;ΒͰ
ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹͇͸ͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪͯ;ͱͯͪͯͪͼͰ;ͅͶͰ΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͪͳͯͪ͹͸ͳͼΔͳͷͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;
͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳΓ;ͯͳ ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪΒͳͳ΀t͵͹ͷͪͲͭͰ ͵ͪ͹ͷͪͭͪͻ΁ͳ ͵͹ͺͼͳ̀ͪ͸ͳͼ͵Ͱ ͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹
ͬͰͬͪͷͼͶ;ͱͰ ̹;ͯ;Εͳͯͪͼ;͵;ͺΓͰ͸ͳi »FLTQJS *7 ͼͽͻ
̓ͪ͵͹ͼͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͰΕͪͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰ
ͫΓͰ͸ͳͷͳͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳͷ ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͹ͼͬͰͽ;Ͳͪͯ;ͭ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰ ͹ͷͪͶ͹ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͪ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͪ΁
͇͸͸ͰͺͻͳͼͽͪΒͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͷͳͶ͹ͼͻͯͪ͸;ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ΌͰΔͪ ΒͰͻ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳͽ͹͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺͻͰͷͪΔͰͷ;
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ͈͹ͻ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰ͹ͫ;΂Ͱ͸ͪ;ͪͯͬ͹͵ͪͽͪ 9 ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸ͳͷͳͯ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰͷͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͺͻͳ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪ ͯͪ ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͼͰ΂ͰΔͪ ͺͪͻ΂Ͱͽͪ ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͬ͹ͭ ͽͰͶͪ
ͯ;ͱͯ ͷ; ΒͰ ;͵ͪͲͪ͹
ͷͳͶ͹ͼͽͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ͷ;ΒͰ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͪͶͳͷ;ΒͰ͹ͯ;ͲͰ͹ͳͷͪΔͰͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͯͰ͹
ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͽͰ͵ΕͰ̸ͭͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͬͪ͸ͪͻͰͯͫͪͯͪͺͻͳͷͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵;ͬͰͻ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;
͸͹ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͳͽͳ̹;ͯ;Εͳͯͪͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͼͷͰͯͪͼͰͫͪͬͳͲͰͶͰ͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͷ ͹͸ͭ;ͫͳͼͬ͹Β
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ; ͬͰ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͈͹͵ͻ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸ͪ ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪ ;
͹ͬ͹ΒͯͻͪͷͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ;ͫͳͼͽͬ;
t͑ͪΒͶ͹͵͹ͬ͹ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰΔͰ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;͸ͰͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͬͰΕ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ– ͹͸ΕͰ;ͬͰ͵
͹ͼͽͪͽͳ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸ͳͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ͹͸ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱͱ͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͫͳͬͪ;ͫͳΒͰ͸͊΁Ͱ͸ͪͼ;ΌͰΔͪ;ͯͻͪͷͳΒͰ
ͺͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͺ͹ͭ;ͫΓͰΔ;;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;Ͳͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪΒͰͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͳͷ͹ͻͪͶ
͸ͳͳͼ΀͹ͯ ͯͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͳͲͶͳ͵͹ͬ΁ͪͳͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͊ͬͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳͼ;ͽ;ͷ;ͯͻͳ
ͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹͵͹ͶͰͫΓͳͬͳ ΒͰͬͻͰΒͼ͵ͳ ͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ΁ ͵͹Βͳ ͹΃ͽͻͳ ͸͹ͱ Ͳͪ ͵ͻͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͳΕͰ ͷ͹Ε͸͹ ͻͰ΂ͳͽͪ
ͷ͹ͶͫͪͲͪͷͳͶ͹ͼͽ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͼͺͶͰͽ́ͺͪ͵ ͹ͬͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΃΂ͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͳ;Ͳ͸Ͱͷͳ
ͻ;Β;Εͪ <> ͫͰͲ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ;ͫͶͪͱͳ ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͹ͺͪ͵ͪ ͸ͪͻͪͬ ͳ ͫͰͲ ͺ͹ͻͳ΁ͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ
9
ͦͰ͸Ͱͽ̸ͯͰͶͷͪ͸ͳ̓͹ͺͰͶͳΒͪ̓ͪ͸;͸͹ͼͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;͹ͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;͹ͬͰͯͻͪͷͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͹͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͲͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͈͹ͻ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯͳ͸͹;ͻ;΀;ͷ;΃͵͹ͭͪͯͬ͹͵ͪͽͪͷ͹ͭͶͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ
ͬͰ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͼ;ͯ;̸͵͹ΒͰ͈͹ͻ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͺͰͶͪͯͪ͸ͪͯͷ;ͯͻͳ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪ ͼ;ͯͳΒ; ͪͶͳͳͼͬ͹ͭͼ;ͺͻ;ͭͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͹ ͹ΔͰ͸͹Βͼ͸ͪͶͪͱΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ;ͷ;΃͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͳͼ͵;ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ͋͹ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
ͳ ͹ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹Β ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͯͪ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͬͰΕͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͱͰ͸ͪ ͳ ͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͹ͬͰ
͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻ͵Ͱ )PQLJOT ͼͽͻ–

32
ͼͺͻͰ΂ͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ;ͫͳͶͪ΂͵Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͻͰ ͯͻͪͷͪ͸ͪͷΒͰͯͪͶͪͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵;ͬͳͯ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ
ͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵;ͯͰ͹;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ΒͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͳ ͯͪͫͳ͸ͪͷͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͶͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͺ;΃ͽͰ͸͹ͳͫͰͲͫ͹Ͷ͸͹
ͼͷͰΒͰͷ͹i (SJOCMBU ͼͽͻ–287).
͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰΒͰͯͰͶͳ͵ͪͽ͸ͪͽͰͷͪͳ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͳ;͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌͹ͫͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͰͯͻͪ
ͷͰ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;Β;͸ͪ΁ͳ͸Ͱ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ ͇ͽͰͶ͹;ͳͼͽ͹ͳͷͰ͸͹Βͯͻͪͷͳͳ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵;ͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵͹ͷͽͻͭ͹ͬ
΁;
͹͸ͳ ͫͳͬͪΒ; ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵͹ͬ͹ ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰΔͰ ; ͹΂ͳͷͪ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ͵ͪ͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͪͶͳͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼ͸ͳ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͳͼ;ͭͪ
ͺͻͰͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͷͳͶ͹ͼͻΌͰ;͵ͪͲͪ͸͹ͺͻΓͪͬ͹ͷ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸;͈͹Ͷ͊ͽͳͬͰ͸ͼͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳΔͰ͸Ͳͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹ͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹͸͹
ͼͳ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͰͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳͳͺ͹ͯͬͻͭͪͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹͸ͯͪ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͺͻͰ͹ͫ
ͻͪΕͰΔͰ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸ͪ;͹ͬ͹Βͯͻͪͷͳͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹͸;ͱ͸͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͻͪͯͳ ͪͼͳͷͳͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͬͰͽ 4UFWFOT ͼͽͻ
͑ͪΒͶ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ
ͬͰͻͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳ͹ͫ;Ͳͯͪ͸ͪͳͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͯͪͫͳ̺Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪͼͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ΃Ͱ;ͼͬͰͽ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̹;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪͬͰͻͰ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ
΁Ͱͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ ͵ͪͯͪͷ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ̺Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯ;ͲͷͰͼͬͰ ͹͸ΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͯͪͼͰͺͻͰ͹ͫ
ͻͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͫͳͺͻͰͱͳͬͰ͹͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰͺͻͳͼͳͶ͸͹ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰΔͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻ͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳ
ͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͻ;ΌͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̓ͪͻͪ͑ͳͷͪͫ;͵;ͻ͹ͼͰͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ͸̹ͪͪͭͬͪͽͳΒͪ͵ͪͯͪͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪΒͰ͑Ͱ͵
ͼͺͳͻ;͹ͬ͹Βͯͻͪͷͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ͯͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͬͰͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͺ;ͽͪͳ͸ͯͳ
ͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͪ͵ ͇ͬͪ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵ͳ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΁ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͪ͸ͽͳͼͰͷͳͽͼ͵ͪ
ͯͻͪͷͪ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͽͰͻͰ΂ͳͳͯͪͼͰ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵;ΒͰͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸
͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͪ 4IJNBCVLVSP 'FCSVBSZ
͍͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͼ͹ͺͼ
ͽͬͰ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͳͼ;ͱͰͶͰͶͳͯͪͳͼͽͪ͵͸; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͳͺ͹͸͹ͼͳͶͳͼ;ͼͰͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹;
̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ͑ͳͷͪͫ;͵;ͻ͹͉ͪͲͶ͹ͭͶͰͱͳ;ͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪͷͪͳͼͽͻͪ΀;͹ͯ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰΔͰͫͳͶ͹ͳͯͰͪͶ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ̸͵͹ͼͰͼͽͪͽ;ͼͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͪͱ͸ͳͲͪ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ;ͷͪΔͳ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰΔͰͷ ͹͸ͯͪ ͹͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͷͪΔ; ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬ;͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͼͳͷͳͶ͹ͬͪ͸;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;̺Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ͑ͳͷͪͫ;
͵;ͻ͹͇͸ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͯͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͹ͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͯͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳΔͰ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫͻ;
ͯ͹͵ ΕͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ ͸ͰͶͪͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ
ͫͳͽͳ ͸Ͱͭͳͻͪ͸ͪ
ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰΔͰͷ̽ͪ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͯͪͺͻͳͷͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͪͫͳͫͳͶͪͼͷͻͽ
ΒͰͻͫͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵;ͺͻͰͽΔ;͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͭͳͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͭͼ;ͳͲͫͻͳͼͪ͸Ͱͯͪͫͳ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͫͳͶͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳ͊ͬͰͯ͹͵ΒͰ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪ͹ͼͬ͹Β;ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳ
ͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ;ͼͺͰ΃ͪ͸ 4IJNBCVLVSP

͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰͳͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͻ͹΂͵ͰͬͳͲͳΒͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ; ;
ͼͬͳͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͳ ͹ͼͽͪ͹ tͺͳͼͪ΁ Ͳͪ ͼͬͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪi ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͪ΃͹͸ͽ͹͵͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͬͻ΀;͸ͼ͵ͪͿͳͭ;ͻͪͳͭͰ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͽͻͰͫͪͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹;ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶͪ ͪͶͳͳ;ͯ͹ͼͽ;
ͺ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͦ͹͸ͪͽͪ͸̹ͰΒͽ #BUF
͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪ͸ͪͷΒͰͼ;ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳΒͪ͹ͯ
ͯͰͶͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬΒͰͲͳ͵ΒͰͺ͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ;ͳͺ͹Ͱͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͫͰͲͺͻͰͷ΁ͪ ͪͶͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ
ͽͻͪΒ͸ͪ ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͶͰͱͳ ͺͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ; ͷͪΒͼͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ͹ͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪΔ; ͪͻ΀Ͱͽͳͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͻ;΃
33
ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͳ Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͪ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ ΒͰ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ; ; ͼͬͳͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷͼͰ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭ ͼͰͶ͹͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷͭͻͪͯͪ ͬͶͪͼͽ͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
ͯ͹͵ΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͹ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;͹ͯ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͵ͪ
ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͳͲͷ; ͳ ͹ͯ ͿͰ;ͯͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵ͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͷ; ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷ;
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸;ͳͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͼ͸͹ͬͳͷͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͷ͹ͻͪͳͼ͸ͪͭ;ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ
͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ ͳͶͳ ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͰ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ ͸ͳͼ; Βͪͼ͸͹
ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͯͻͪͷͪͷͪ ͪͶͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰͽͪͲͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳͳ
΁ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͰͻͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪΒ;;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͶ;;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͰͺ͹΀ͪͷͪ Ͳͪ͵
Γ;΂;ΒͰͦ͹͸ͪͽͪ͸̹ͰΒͽ #BUF
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ;ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͶͰͱͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ
ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͬͰ΂ͳͽͰͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸;͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪͽͻͺͰͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͻͼͰ;
ͼͬͪ͵͹Β͸͹ͬ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹΀ͳ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͸͹ͬͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͻͪͷͪ
͉Ͱ΂ͳͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͪ͹ͯΒͰ͵;Β;͸ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;̓ͪͯͪΒͰͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ͵ͻͪΓͦ͹ͻΘ***ͺ͹Ͷ;ͯͰ͹ ͽͻͪͭͰͯͳΒͪ̓ͻͪΓ
̈́ͳͻ ΒͰͺ͹ͬ;΂Ͱ͸ͪͼͪͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ΒͰͻΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪͫͳͶͪͺͻͰͬͳ΃ͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͪͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͬͶͪͯͪͻ;́Ͳͬ͹
ΌͰΔͰͯͻͪͷͰ̓͹ͻͳ͹Ͷͪ͸ ;͈ͪͻͳͲ; ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͬ͹
ͯͳͶͪ΁΃ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵ͶͪΒͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͿͪ΃ͳͼͽͪ ͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻΒͰ͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͪ͸͵ͪ͹
ͺͻ͹ͽ͹Ϳͪ΃ͳͼͽͪ́ͼͽͪͯͻͪͷͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸;͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ;͊ͽͪΓͳ͸͹ͬ͹Βͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͳ ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪ
ͺͻͳ͵ͪͱͰ ̓͹ͻͳ͹Ͷͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͪ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͭ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽ; ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ
͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹͸ͳͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽͳͼͽͪ͸ͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͪ ͪͶͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;͹ͫͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒͰͫͳͶͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪ
ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͲͪ΃ͽ͹͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͪͱͳͬͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳͼͬ͹ΒͪͯͰͶͪ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸
ͼͷͻͽͳͅ͹ͱͰͷ͹͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳΒ͹΃ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ10 ͆ͪ΁ͳͼͽͳͼ;ͯͻͪͷ;ͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵ͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΁ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ
Ͷͳ ; ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͼͬͻ΀Ͱ -ͳ΀ ͳ -ͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ 99 ͬͰ͵ͪ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͳ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸; ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ;
ͪ͸ͽͳͼͰͷͳͽͳͲͷͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;͎͹Ͷ͹͵ͪ;ͼͽͪ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷ99ͬͰ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶ͹ͼͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳ
͹ͬͪͯͻͪͷͪͳͲͳͼͽͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸ͪ 4IBVHIOFTTZ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒͪ
͎ͪͷͶͰͽͪ ;̹;͵;ͻͰ΃ͽ;͵ͪͼ͸ͳ΀-ͳ΀ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͶͪ̓Ͷͪ;ͯͳΒͪͳ̻Ͱͻͽͻ;ͯ;͵ͪ͹͐ͪ;
΃Ͱͼ͵;͹ͬͰͳͽͪͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͪͲͪͻͪͼͺͳͻͳͬͪΔͰͷͻͱΔͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ͹ͻͳͷ̸ͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳΒͪΒͰ
ͫͳͶͪͽͪ͵͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͪͯͪͼ;ͲͪͬͻͰͷͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͺ͹ͲͬͪͶͳ;ͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͭͶ;ͷ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͭͻͪ͹
͎ͪͷͶͰͽͪ ͪ͠͸ͪ ̓ͪͻͪͷͳͽͻ; ͯͪ ͺͻͰͯͬ͹ͯͳ Βͪͬ͸ͳ ͸ͪͺͪͯ ͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸; ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵; ͼͽͪ͸ͳ΁; #BUF
5IPSOUPO ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ ͯͻͪͷͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͳ
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵; ͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͳͶͳ
;Ͷ͹ͭͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͲͬͪ͸ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͽ͹͵͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͿͳͶͽͻͳͻͪ͸͵ͻ͹ͲͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ
10
́Ͳͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ͇ͽͰͶͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵Ͱͺ;ͽ;Β;ΕͰͽͻ;ͺͰ;͈ͪͻͳͲ; ͳͲͪͲͬͪͶ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͻͰͯͰ ΒͰͻΒͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͬͰͭͪͼͰͯͪͷ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͆ͪͺ͹ͶͰ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ ͳ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;Ͳͳ ͼ; Β͹΃ ;ͬͰ͵ ͫͳͶͳ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ
̾͸ͭͶͰͲͳͷͪ ͅ͹ͼ͹ͷͳΒͰͬͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ;ͪͫͪͅͽͪ ͳͲ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͭͫͅͰͽͪ ͸ͪ Ͳ;Ͷ; ΒͰͲͳ͵;
ͳͷͪͶͪΒͰͬͳͽͪͶ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;͠;ͱ͸͹Β̸Ϳͻͳ΁ͳͲͪͬͻͰͷͰͪͺͪͻ΀ͰΒͯͪͳ;ͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸ͽͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͰͭͪ Kinney,
ͼͽͻ –
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ ͳͷͪ Β͹΃ ͹ͯ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͆Ͱ͸ͪͭͻͪΌͰ͸͹ͭ Γ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͽͻ;ͯͪ ; ͫ͹ͷͫͪͷͪ
ͺ͹ͻ;΃Ͱ͸͹ͷ ̓ͪͫ;Ͷ; ; ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸; ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪ ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͯ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͇ͽͰͶͪ ͵ͪ͹
ͽͻͪͭͰͯͳΒͰ͹͵ͪͼͽͪͷͪ;́͸ͯͳΒͳ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͪͯͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;ͬͳͲͳΒ;ͯͻͪͷͰ
34
̓ͪͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹΃ͳͻͰΔ;ͫͪͻͯ͹ͶͪͽͻͳΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͪͬͼͬͰͽ ͻͰ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ͹ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͻ;΃ͰΔ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͊ͬͪ͵͹ͫͪͬΓͰΔͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͷΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ ΒͰͻΒͰ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ
ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ ͯͻ;ͭͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͢Ͱ͸ͪ ;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪͷ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͈ͻͰͬͰͼͽͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͽͰ͵ͼͽͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭͪ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͳͺͻͰͻ;΃ͳͽͳ ͺͻͳͶͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳͽͳͭͪͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;̓ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ͸͹ͬͳͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹ͼͶͪΔͪΒ;͸ͪͼͽͪͻͰ
͸ͪͽ;Όͪ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͪͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪͳ͸Ͱͯ͹;ͷͳ΁ͪ ͹͸ͳͼͪͷͳͽͳͷͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͯͰ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹Ͷͪͫ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͬͰͯ͹΂Ͱ ͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Βͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͳͳͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͳ͈ͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͑Ͱ͵
ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͬͳͷͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͪͻͪͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͳͼͶͪ͸ͯͼ͵͹ͷ ͵͹ͻͰΒ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳ͸ͪͲ;Ͷ;ΒͰͲͳ͵;͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͼͪͫͻͪ͸ͪͯͰͶͪͼ;ͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͪ
ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͺͻͰ͵͹͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ͸ͳͺͻͬͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͼͶͪͬͪ΃ͳͻͳͶͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͺͻͰ
ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͬͰͻͲͳΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͻͪͷͪͼ;ͼͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͰ͸ͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ;͹ͫͳ΂͸͹
ͭͶ;ͷ΁ͳͫͳͶͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ11
̓;Ͷͽ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͪΒͰͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͹͸ͳͬ͹ͼͰ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸ͰͬͰͻͰͲͪ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͰ;97***ͬͰ͵;ͳ͹͸ͼͰ͹ͯͽͪͯͪͺͻ͹
ͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ ΃ͳͻͳ ΁ͰͶͳͷ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ ͼͳ͸ͽͪͭͷͳ ͳ ͼͽͳ΀͹ͬͪ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͼ; ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪͬͰΕͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷͻͰ΂͸ͳ͵;͹ͫͳ΂͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ
͵͹Βͳ ͸ͳͼ; ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ͈͹ͻͰͯ ΂;ͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͎ͪͷͶͰͽ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ t̹ͳͽͳ ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͫͳͽͳi
ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͰͼͳ͸ͽͪͭͷͰtΓ;ͫͪͬΒͰͼͶͰͺͪi t͸ͳΒͰͲͶͪͽ͹ ͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͳΒͪi tΓ;ͫͪͬ͸ͪ
ͺͻͬͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯi tͼͬͰΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͼͬͻ΃ͳiͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΓͰ͆Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪͼ;͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹
ͬͪͯͰͶͪ ;ͬͰ͵ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ͪͼͪͳͼͽͳͷͰ͸ͽ;ͲͳΒͪͲͷ͹ͷͳ ͹ͫ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰͷ͸ͳ ; ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β͸ͳͬͪ͸ΔͰ͸ͳ΀
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͇͸ͪ ͼ; ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͪͯͪͺͽͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹Ͱͽͳ΂͵͹Β ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ Β͹΃
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͽͰͷ;͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͫͪͬͳͷ͹ ͻͰ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͪͺͻͰ͵͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͶͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵ͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͪ͸ͰͳͲͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͭͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ; ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͊ͻͫͳ;ͺͻͬ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ
9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͆Ͱͷͪ΁ͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ;͹͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ;͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪͯͷͪ΃͸͹ͷͯͻͪͷͼ͵͹ͷͭͰ͸ͳΒ;
΃ͽ͹;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪt͸Ͱ͹ͫͳ΂ͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͰͬͰͲͰi .JMBOPWJǀ ͼͽͻ

͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻΒͰͫͳ͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͳͼ΁ͳͷͪ ͼͶͳ͵ͪͻͳͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪ12 ͵͹ͷͺ͹
Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͻͰͯͳͽͰΓͳͷͪ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͰͯͻͪͷͰͼ;͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͰ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ;̺ͰͻͯͳΒͰͬͳͷ͹ͺͰͻͪͷͪ ̹;ͻͪ ;̹Ͱͽ͹ͬͰ͸͹
11
͈ͻͬ͹͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͶ͹͵͹ΒͰΒͰͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͬͪ͸̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰΒͰͼͽͰ͎ͪͷͶͰͽ̽ͻͪͷͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ;͊ͳΒͰͻͪ̈́Ͱ͹͸Ͱ;,
͸ͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵͹ͷ ͫͻ͹ͯ; t͏ͻͬͰ͸ͳ ͲͷͪΒi ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͊ͽͳ΀͹ͬͰ ΒͰ ͼͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͻͽ;ͭͪͶͼ͵ͳ
ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͭ͹ͼͽ ͳͲ ̸Ϳͻͳ͵Ͱ ͊ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼ; ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳͷͺͻ͹ͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶͰ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰͽ͸Ͱ
ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͯͻͪͷͰ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͫͳ ͼͰ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͫͰͶͰͱͳͶͰ ; ͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͪͷͪͳ ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ; ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳͷ
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳͷ͈ͪͳͼ΁ͳͳͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͳ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͷͪ΀ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͶͳͭͶ;ͷ΁Ͱ ͪͭͶ;ͷ΁ͳͼ;ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹
ͽͻͪͼ͸͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱ De Grazia and Wells ͼͽͻ–302).
12
͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪ͹͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ͷͳͼͶͳͶͪ΁ͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ̸ͪͫͻͪ΀ͪͷ̈́ͳ͸͵͹Ͷ͸ΒͰͲ͸ͪ͹ͳͻͰ΁ͳͽ͹-
ͬͪ͹ͷ͹͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͰͳͲ͉ͳ΂ͪͻͯͪIII͆ͰͶͼ͹͸ͅͰ͸ͯͰͶͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ̈́ͳͭͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͼ;Ͳͪͷ͹ͽ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͫ͹ͻͫͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳ
ͼͽͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͳͲ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͠;ͶͳΒͪ ͏ͰͲͪͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷ; ͺ͹ͫ;͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱ
t̻ͻͰ΃͵ͪ ͯͻͪͭͳ̹ͻ;ͽͰ ͸ͳΒͰ;͸ͪ΃ͳͷͲͬͰͲͯͪͷͪ ͬͰΕ;͸ͪͷͪͼͪͷͳͷͪ ͯͪͼͷ͹ͷͳͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳi Šekspir, 1966, 1.2,
ͼͽͻ. 146–147).

ͬ͹Β͊͹͸ͪͽͳͫͻ ͪͼͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͿͳͶͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;ͷ͸͹ͭͰͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶͪ ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂
͸Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͽͳ͸ͰΒΘͰͻͼ͵Ͱ ͪ͸ͳͷͳͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹Ϳͪ͸ͽͪͼͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͰ
͊ͪͷ͹;ͿͳͶͷͼ͵͹Β;ͷͰͽ
͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͺͰͯͰͼͰͽͰ͵ͻͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͎ͪͪͷͶͰͽͪ ̹Ͱ΂ͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ-͆ͳ͵͹ͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͑Ͱ͵
ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͰͯͻͪͷͰͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͶ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͿͳͶͷͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͸Ͱͳ
Ͳ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͳ͸ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͫ͹Ͷͳͬ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͰ ͼͳͭ;ͻͪ͸ΒͰ̹͹ͼͷͪ͸ ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͺ͹Βͪ
ͬͳͽͳͳ;̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸; %F(SB[JBBOE8FMMT ͼͽͻ–
͋ͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͰ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬͪͫͰͲͷͰͯͳΒͪͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͻͪͯͳ͹ ͿͳͶͷͳͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳ
Βͪ ͼ; ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͳ ͯͳͿ;ͲͳΒͳ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ ͯͰͶͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ̽ͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹Β͹΃Ͷͪ͵΃ͰͳͫͻͱͰ΃ͳͻͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪ;͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͳͷͿ͹ͻͷͪ
ͷͪ13 ͈͹͵;΃ͪΒ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͪ ͬͳͯΓͳͬ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ; ͭͻͪΌͰΔͪ ͻͰͺͶͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪ
t̻Ͷ͹ͫiͼͬ;ͯͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;;̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸; ͐ͳ͵ͪͭ; ͊ͪ͸̽ͳΒͰͭ; ͉ͳͷ; ͋͹͵ͳΒ;͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͽͻ;ͺͰͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͻͪͷͪ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͯͪͭ͹ͼͽ;Β;͸ͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ
Ͷ͹͸ͯ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭt̻Ͷ͹ͫͪi ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͫͳ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͺͻͬͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ͎Ͱ͸ͻͳΒͪ7* ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ
͆ͳ͵ͳͽͰͅͳͶͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͇ͬͪ͵ͬ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃͸ͳ΀ͳͼ͵;ͼ
ͽͪͬͪ;̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Βͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͻΒͰͼͪͷ͹͹ͼͪͷ͸ͪͰͼͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͹ͭͪ
̓;ͼͽ͹͹ͬͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ͊ͬͪ΂ͳΒͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰ͹ͯͰͫͪ͵Ͷ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪΒͰͽͪͯͪͫͳͶͪ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳ΂͸ͪ
ͳͺ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪ ͽͰΒͰͳͼ͵ͪͲͪͶͪͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͶͳͼͽͪͬ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͳ
͸ͳͼ;΀ͽͰͶͳͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͽͻ;ͺͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͺͻͰ͸Ͱͼ;̹ͪͻͯ͹ͬ;ͺ͹ͻ;͵;͸ͪͪ;ͽͰ͸
ͽͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸́ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͵Ͷͳͷͪ͹ͯͽͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͪͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳͯͪΓͰͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͯͪ͹΁ͰΔ;
ΒͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ ,JOOFZ ͼͽͻ–

ͅ͸͹ͭͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪͼͬͰͯ͹΂Ͱ͹Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽͳͺͳͼ΁ͪͺͻͰͯͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͪͶͳΒͰͳ
ͼͪͷͯͻͪͷͪͽͳ΂ͪͻͺ͹ͼͷͻͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͱͻͽͬͪͳͼͽͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͳͷͰͳͯͰͶ͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͻ͹ͫͪͳ
ͫͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷͻͰͱͳͪ͸͹͸ͳͷ͸͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ΂Ͱͼͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹
͸Ͱ΂;ͯͳ͸ͪͼͯͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͺ͹ͼͰͽͳ͹͵͹΃ͰͼͽͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͽ;ͻͳͼͽͪ ͪͶ͹͸ͯ͹͸
ͼ͵ͳt̻Ͷ͹ͫi͹͵͹ͽͻͳ͸ͪͰͼͽͷͳͶͳ͹͸̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻΒͰ;99*ͬͰ͵;ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͫͳͲ͸ͳͼ ͽͰͽͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺ͹ΒͰͼͽͳͻͳͫΓ;΂͹ͻͫ;t͇ͿͰͶͳΒͪi;̾Ͷͼͳ͸͹ͻ;;̽ͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹ͺ;΃ͳͽͳ΁ͳͭͪ
ͻͰͽ;t͎ͪͷͶͰͽi͵͹Β;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ Βͪͺͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͯ;ͬͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ ͳͶͳͺ͹ΒͰͼͽͳ΂͹͵͹Ͷͪͯ;ͳͫ͹ͷͫ͹͸Ͱ
t͎ͪͷͶͰͽiͳͲ̹ͰͶͭͳΒͰͳͶͳ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͺͳͼͪͽͳͭͻͪͿͳͽ͸͹ͷ͹Ͷ͹ͬ͵͹ͷt͇ͽͰͶ͹i͵͹Β;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͶͳ͆Ͱͷ΁ͳ
ͳͬ͹Ͳͳͽͳͯͬ͹ͼͰͯt͚;ͶͳΒͰͽͪiͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂̸ͪͶͿ͉ͪ͹ͷͰͪ ,JOOFZ ͼͽͻ–

̺ͰΕ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ ͺͪͻ͵ ; ͪ͠ͺͪ͸; ͪͶͳ ΒͰ ; ͺͶͪ͸; ͯͪ ͼͰ ; ͫͶͳͼ͵͹Β ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͲͭͻͪͯͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳΒͳͳ;̸ͷͰͻͳ΁ͳͳ;͊ͽͻͪͽͿ͹ͻͯ;͈͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͹ͯͺͳ΃΂ͰͬͰͼͷͻͽͳ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵ͪ͵;Ε͎ͪ͹ͭͪͻͽ )PHBSUI1SFTT
Ͷͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͶͪΒͰͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽt͎͹ͭͪͻͽ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻi ;ͼ͵Ͷ͹
ͺ;͵͹ΒͰͭΕͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͺͳͼ΁ͳͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͳͼͺͻͳ΂ͪͽͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͯͰͶ͇ͪͬͪΒͼͰͻͳΒͪͶͼͰͺͻͰ
ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͪ͸ͪ΃ͪͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵ͪ͵;Εͪ̈́ͪͭ;͸ͪͼͰͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͳͶͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ͼͪͲͪ
13
͋ͪΒͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͷͪͼͳͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͼͪΒͫͰͻͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͶͳ͹ͫͶͪ͵ DMPVE
̹͹ͼͷͪ͸ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽͳͬ͸;Ϳ͹ͻͷ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇͸ͽͪΒͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͼͪΒͫͰͻͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͲͪͷͳ΃Γͪ͵ͪ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͻͪͯΔͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͰ̹;ͻͰ͸ͰͯͰͿͳ-
͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͺ;͸ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀Ͳͬ;͵͹ͬͪͳͺͻͳͲ͹ͻͪͼͪͼͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͫͶͪ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͯͪΕͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰͳ
ͳͲͻ;΂ͰͳͲͼͰͫͰͷ͸͹ͭͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͪͶͳͼͰͽ͹;ͯͻͪͷͳ͸ͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ̓ͪͯͪͫͳͼͰͼͬͰͽ͹ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶ͹͸ͪ
ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͸Ͱͫͳͼͷ͹ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͷ;ͶͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͪͶ͸;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ; ͬͰΕͳ͸ͽͰͻͷͰͯͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ – ͸͹ͬͳͷͰͯͳΒ ͽͳͽͶ͹ͬͰ
΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͻͪͷͰͳͽͯ
(De Grazia and Wells, 2010, ͼͽͻ–301).
36
ͼͪͯͪͯͬͪͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͷͪ͸͈ͪͻ͹΁Ͱͺ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͦͰ͸Ͱͽ̺ͳ͸ͽͰͻͼ͹͸ ͵ͪ͹ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀ͳͷͼ͵ͰͫͪΒ͵Ͱ ͳ
́ͷͰͷͳΒͰ͑ͪΒͶ͹͵ ͎ͪ;ͪͻͯͪͦͰΒ͵͹ͫͼ͹͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵͹ͭͽͻͭ͹ͬ΁ͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͻͪͯΔͪ
ͳͲͅͶͰͽͪ΂͵͹ͭͽͻͭ͹ͬ΁ͪ ͺͻͰ͸ͰͽͪΒͰ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δ;̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒ; ;ͼͬͰͽͷͳͶͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ ͻͳΒͪͶͳͽͳΒͪͳͼͽͪͻͶͰ
ͽͪͦͰΒ͵͹ͫͼ͹͸͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ;Ͷͳ͸ͳΒ; ͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͯͪΔͪ͹ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͳͷͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪͳͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪͷͪ ͪͶͳ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͬ΁ͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ
ͳͷͰͯͳ͹͵ͻͳͽͰͽͪ ͭͯͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͪͽͻͪΒ͸ͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪͳ
Γ;ͫͪͬ14
͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻΒͰ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͹͸ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͲͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ
͇͸ΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽ; ͵ͪͱͰ͎ͪͻ͹Ͷ̹ͯͶ;ͷ #MPPN
ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͪ͵͹ ͭͪ ͱͰͶͳͷ͹ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳ͹ ͯͰ͹
ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͋ͪ΂͸͹ΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͰͻͳΒͰ ΁ͻͽͪ͸ͳͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͳͳͺͪͻ͹ͯͳΒͰ͸ͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪ
ͳͭͻͳ΁Ͱ ͫͪΒ͵ͰͳͷΒ;Ͳͳ͵Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ ͺ͹ ;Ͳ͹ͻ;͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͯͻͪͷͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͰͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰͼͪͷ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͸ͳͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͳ͸Ͱ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Ϳͳ͸͹ͼͰ͸΂ͰΔͰͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͳͶͰͷͪͳͺ͹Ͱͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͺ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ;͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ̸͵͹ͺͻͳ
΀ͬͪͽͳͷ͹ ͽͬͻͯΔ; ͎ͪͻ͹Ͷͯͪ ̹Ͷ;ͷͪ ͯͪ ͼ; ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬͪ ͯͰͶͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ Ϳͳ͵ͼͳͻͪ͸ͳ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ
͵ͪ͸͹͸ͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̹ͳͫͶͳΒͰ ͽͰͯͪͳ΀ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪͽͳͺ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ;ͳͷ;Ͷ
ͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷ; ͹͸ͯͪΕͰͷ͹ͼͰͼͶ͹ͱͳͽͳͳͼΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͳͲΒͪͬ͹ͷͯͪtͪ͵͹ΒͰͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͼͷͻ
ͽ͸ͳ̹͹ͭ ͹͸ͯͪͽ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻi #MPPN ͼͽͻ

14
%ßFKLPCTPO )
*NFNJKF»BKMPL #FPHSBE-BHVOB
37

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌

Bate, J. (2007). A Man for All Ages. 5IF(VBSEJBO̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQTXXXUIFHVBSEJBO
DPNCPPLTBQSDMBTTJDTTIPQQJOH<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
Bate, J., and Thornton, D. (2012). 4IBLFTQFBSF4UBHJOHUIF8PSME 0YGPSE0YGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
̹Ͱ΂ͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ-͆ͳ͵͹ͶͳΕ ̀
͌ͽͻͪͭͪΔ;Ͳͪ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͷ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̽͹ͼͳΒͰͼͽ;ͯͳ͹
#MPPN ) 998). 4IBLFTQFBSFUIF*OWFOUJPOPGUIF)VNBO /FX:PSL3JWFSIFBE#PPLT
̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ̺
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ
Grinblat, S. (2006). 7JMJ[4USBUGPSEB,BLPKF»FLTQJSQPTUBP»FLTQJS#FPHSBE1PSUB-JCSJT
De Grazia, M., and Wells, S. (2010). 5IF/FX$BNCSJEHF$PNQBOJPOUP4IBLFTQFBSF$BNCSJEHF
Cambridge University Press.
̽Β;ͻͪ͸ͽ ̺
͈͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ͵Δͳ̸ͭͪͶͿͪ
%POBMETPO 1
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Wells, 4IBLFTQFBSF4VSWFZ ͼͽͻ–
$BNCSJEHF$BNCSJEHF6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
͚;ͻͳΕ ͅ
́ͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯͫͻͪΔͰ͸ͪͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͯͳͼͰͻͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ;
ͻ;͵͹ͺͳͼ;
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͍ͪͯͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
IUUQTGFEPSBCHCHBDSTGFEPSBHFUPCEFGEPXOMPBE
Kinney, A. F. (2011). 5IF0YGPSE)BOECPPLPG4IBLFTQFBSF 0YGPSE0YGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
.JMBOPWJǀ 7
)BNMFUVTSQTLPKLOKJßFWOPKLSJUJDJPEQPǁFUBLBEP #FPHSBE4SQTLB&WSPQB
Nuttall, A. D. (2007). 4IBLFTQFBSFUIF5IJOLFS /FX)BWFO:BMF6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
Shaughnessy, R. (2011). 5IF3PVUMFEHF(VJEFUP8JMMJBN4IBLFTQFBSF-POEPO3PVUMFEHF
Shimabukuro, K. (2014). 5IF.FSDIBOUPG7FOJDFBOE$POWFSTJPO ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
IUUQTDIPMBSMZNFEJFWBMNBEOFTTCMPHTQPt.rs/2014/02/the-merchant-of-venice-and-conversion.html.
4UFWFOT 1
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of Literary Criticism. /FX-JUFSBSZ)JTUPSZ 7PM /P 5IF+PIOT)PQLJOT6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT–
437.
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(1966). "OUPOJKFJ,MFPQBUSB#FPHSBE,VMUVSB
Šekspir, V. (1966). .MFUBǁLJUSHPWBD #FPHSBE,VMUVSB
Šekspir, V. (1966). +VMJKF$F[BS#FPHSBE,VMUVSB

38

"/"."/%3&+&7*ſ

4)",&41&"3&"/%(-0#"-*;"5*0/

SUMMARY
During the time, Shakespeareʮs plays have found their way from the Globe to the global stage. From
the local and the national, he quickly became the world’s writer. Following the dissemination and the recep-
tion of his work in different countries, we can distinguish the intertwining of cultures. The different national
groups in the different historical time adjust Shakespeare to their own national identity, but they also adjust
themselves to the aesthetic and the axiological substance of his work. Some of Shakespeareʮs plays were
sometimes used even for the ideological purposes by certain political or religious groups, such as Nazis or
Jews. Shakespeare is the global writer today and his plays are beyond the limits of a specific language or terri-
tory because of their universal values and themes. We can find in his plays the main issues that modern
HMPCBMJ[BUJPOHJWFTSJTFUPFDPOPNJDBTQFDUT SFMJHJPVTDPOGMJDUT HFOEFS JO
FRVBMJUZ QPXFSPGUIFJNQFSJBMJTU
regimes, confrontation between East and West, but also breaking down the barriers and others. Shakespeare
was aware of such problems because he lived in the Renaissance England, which, as an imperialistic force
eager to dominate, was already connected to all the continents by trading and was, therefore, a multidimen-
sional and more fluid in the intertwining of cultures than it was perceived. Renaissance England was also the
scene of the interreligious conflicts that have strongly influenced the shaping of the man of the time. The
great writer could not be immune to the influences of the foreign cultures and customs, as well as to the
implications of the world's historical and religious conflicts. This paper will point to the influences that dif-
ferent cultures had on Shakespeareʮs plays, but it will also deal with the way his plays were accepted and
adopted in the foreign cultures. The paper will then point to the certain problems of globalization, which
Shakespeare prophetically presented in his plays.
,FZXPSET Shakespeare, Renaissance, The Globe, globalization.
39

̸̸̸͈͚͇̺͆̾͆̾̈́̓́ͣ͢ͅ 1
;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
̸̸̻͇̹͇̻͇͇͉͈͇̈́̈́͆́̈́̓̈́͆͌͊͊̓ͅ
̸̸͇̹͉͇̺̀͌͢
–ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳ Ͷͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ–
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͹ͯ ͼͪͷ͹ͭΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͺͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ΒͰͼͽͰ
ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͪͳ΂;ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͋ͻͪ͸΁ͳͲͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹͸;ͼͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͫ;Βͳ΁ͪ
ͷ;ͽ͸ͪͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸ͪ ͷͰΔͪͼͬͰͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺͪͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ̀ͪ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͫ;Βͳ΁͹ͷ ͫͰͲ
Βͪͼ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͷͺͪͼͪͳΒͪͼ͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰ;ͺͪͶ͹;͵ͪ͸ΘͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳ͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ͆ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͬͪ͵Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰΒͰͼͽͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ͭͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳͪ;ͽͰͽͳ΂͸͹
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͷͳͼͶͳͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
ͪ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͱͰͶͳͷ͹ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͱͰͶͳͷ͹ –
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͷͰͻͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͷͰͻͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ͑ͽͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͹͸ͯͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ
ͫ;ͯͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͳͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͽ͹ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ ͸ͪ ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰͻͳͲͷ; ΀Ͱͯ͹͸ͳͲͷ; ͳ Ͱͭ͹ͳͲͷ; ;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͷ ͼͽͳͶ;
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪtͽͻ͹΃ͳͷ ͯͪ͵ͶͰΒͰͼͪͷi ͳͶͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹Β ͬͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β
Ͱͽͳ
΁ͳ ͭͯͰͼͰ͸Ͱͭ;ΒͰΓ;ͫͪͬͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͽͪΘͫͳ͸ͳ ͭͯͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ Γ;ͫͪͬ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͱͻͽͬ; ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺ͹΃ͽͰΔͰ ͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͪͲͪͬͰͽ͸͹ͷͳͯͰͪͶ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪtͼͬͰͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ ͹ͫͻͪͲ
͸ͳ Ͳͪ ΃ͽͪi̽͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͺͪͳ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪ ͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͳͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳͳͯͰͪͶ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͺ͹ͽͳ
ͻͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͶͪͫͰͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪͯͪͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͳͷͪ͹͸ͳ΀ tͻ͹ͯ͹ͷͻͲͪ΁ͪi– ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ
͵͹Βͳͬͳ΃Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͰͳͬͰͶͳ΂ͪΒ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸Ͱͭ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
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̸̸̸͈͚͇̺̻͆̾͆̾̈́̓́ͣ͢ͅͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷoͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
"͵͹ͱͰͶͳ΃ͯͪͺ͹ͫͰͯͳ΃͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪͬͪΒΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͯͰ΁;
͉;ͼ͵ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͳͲͻͰ͵ͪ
̸̸̺͇̺͇̺͇͌̽͊̾͋͌̓̾̽͆͊̿́́͠ͅͅ
͠͹΃ͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ̾ͯͭͪͻͅ͹ͻͰ͸ΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΁ͳ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͬͪͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͬͰͽͰ΃ΔͰͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰͽͪ͸ͳͳͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳ
ͼ͸ͳ ẗ́͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽͳi ͼͰ ͫͰͼ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻ;Β; ͬͻ΃ͳ ͼͰ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;͵;ͼͪ ͲͪͫͪͬͰ ͳ
΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͳͶ͹ͬͪ ͅ͹ͻͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
͊ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ t͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi
͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͼͰͺͻͰ͵͹͸ͳͲͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͻͰͪͶͳͲ;Β;ͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃Εͳͷͳͫͻ;ͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͶ͹͵ͪͶ
͸ͳͷͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ΀ͼͪ ͼͶͪͫͳΒͳͷͳͷͪͶͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ͌ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ; ͵͹Βͳ͸;ͱ͸͹ͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͲ;ΒͰͳ
΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳͲ;ΒͰͼͬͰͽ ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ͽͰ͵;ͯͬͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ΕͳͳͺͻͰͼͽͳ
ͱͪ ͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳͫͰͼͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌ͬͻͽͶ͹ͭ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ;ͯͪͻ;
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͼ ͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ ͸͹ͬͳ ͳ͸ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͍͹ͻͷͳͻͪ ͼͰ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ ΒͰͻΓ;ͯͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹
͹ͼͰΕͪͽͳͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͳͼͬͰͽͪ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸ͽͪ͸ ͪΔͰ͸ͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΒ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ
͸Ͱͬͳ΁;̓ͪ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͆͹ͪͷͪ͐͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͵ͪ t͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ;i ͯ͹ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͪ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪtͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰi ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯ͹ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͬͳͯͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ).
̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͪͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸ͪͼͬͰΒͪ΂ͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳ
ͽͰͱΔͪͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͹ͷΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹ͷͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
̓ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͳ t͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͳ ͼ; ͼͽͳͶ ͬͶͪͯͪΔͪ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ;
͌ͷͰͼͽ͹tͽͬͻͯͰͷ͹Εͳi ͳͬͶͪͯͪΔͪͭ͹Ͷ͹ͷͼͳͶ͹ͷ ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β;ͼͰͼ;ͺͽͳͶ͸ͳΒͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ͷͪΔͰͬͳͯΓͳͬͰ
ͪͶͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ͐͹ͬͰ͵ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱͻ͹ͫ;ΒͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬͳͷͪͳ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ΒͰ;Ͳͪͷ͵;ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͭͷͰ͸ͽͪ
ͶͳͽͰͽ͇ͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͰͷͽͳͷͺ͹ͻͳͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͪͬͪΔͪ– ͯͪͬͪΔͪͳ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ –ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰ
ͽ͹ͽͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͻ͹ͫͳͽͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪt̺Ͷͪͯͪͽͳi ͵ͪͱͰ͎ͪ͵ͼͶͳ tͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͼͰͯͰͽͳ̺ͶͪͯͪͼͰͷ͹Ͳͭ͹ͷͳ ͲͪͯΔͳ΁͹ͷ ͪ
͸ͰͺͰͼ͸ͳ΁͹ͷi ͎ͪ͵ͼͶͳ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁;ͼͰ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹͸ͪͷͰΕͰͳͯͰΒͪͯͪΒͰͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ
͸͹ͪͬͪ͠ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͯͪͼ;ͺͻͪͬͪͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͪ͹ͯͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͽ;ͯͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͫͻͳ͸ͰͲͪ
͹ͺ΃ͽͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͽͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ;΂ͽͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽ ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͼͪͷ͹ͼ;ͽͰͻͰͽ
Ͳͪͪͻ΀ͪͳ΂͸͹ͪ͠ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͽͻ͵ͪͲͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬ͹ͷ̿ͳͬ͹ͽͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͫͰͼ
ͷͳͼͶͰ͸ ͪͪ͵͹͸ͰͷͪͼͷͳͼͶͪ ͹͸ͯͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͫͪͯͪͬͪΘͳΒͼ͵͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰ͌ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪ
ͷͳͻͪ͸͹ͷ ͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͼͰΕͪ͹;ͯ͹ͫ͸͹ ͳͼͪͷ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽ͇͸͹΃ͽ͹
ΒͰͯͪͬ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͻ͹͵͹ͬͪ͹̈́ͪͷͰͽͻͳ – ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ΒͰͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͪ͊ͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁ͰͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪΒͰ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸͹ͬͰtͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͵͹Βͳͷͪͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰͼͬͰ͸ͪ΃ͰͼͽͪͻͰͳͯͰͪͶͰ
ͅͳͶ͹ͬͪ͸ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ;ͼΒͪΒ͸͹Β Ͳͫͳͻ΁ͳͰͼͰΒͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹͵Ͷͪͽ͸͹ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪͯͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ
41
͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳ͹tͼ;ͷͻͪ͵ͳͯͰͪͶͪiͬͰΕͼͷ͹ͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳͷͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼͶ͹ͷ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͹Γ;ͯͳͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͳ
ͯͪΒͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͲͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹t͋ͪ͵ͪͬͽ͹ͽͪͶ͸ͳͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͶ͹ͷ ͳͺͪ͵ ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪͽͪͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͼͻ;΃Ͱͳ
ͯͰͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵Ͱ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸Ͱͳͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͰͳͶ;ͲͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͽͰ͵͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;Ͳͷ;Ͳͪ͸͹ͻͷͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͷͰͻͳͳͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳ
ͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰi ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸̸͇̹͉͇̺̻͇̹̀̾͌̈́̈́́͊͋͆͌͢
͈͹Ͷ ̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹ ; ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͵ΔͳͲͳ ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͫ͹ͷͫͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͹ tͷͳͶͳͽͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳi ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ
͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ;͵ͪͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͪͯͪͼͶ;ͱͳ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ;͸ͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͼͶ;
΃͵ͳΔͪͬ͹Β͸͹ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ Β͹΃;ͯ͹ͫͪ t΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪi͈͹ͼͽͪͬ΃ͳ͹ͻ;
ΌͰ ͹ͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͹͸ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͪ
͸ͪ;͵ͪͺͻ͹ͱͰͽͪ΀Ͱ;ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͻͪͯ͹΃Ε;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͽͰ΀͸͹͸ͪ;͵ͪ ΃ͪͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹;ͺͻͪͱΔͪͬͪΔͰ
ͷ͹Εͳt͊ͷͻͽ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪΒͰ͵ͪͯΒͰͺͻͰͼͽͪͶ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͳͼͽͳ͸; ͪͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹;ͻͪΔͪ
ΔͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͪͭ;ͲͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹΃Ε;i ̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ;͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺͻͰ͸Ͱͽͳͳ͸ͪ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͲͪͺͳͽͪͽͳͼͰ͵͹ͷͰͼͶ;ͱͳͳ͵͹ΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͶͰͯͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ.
̽ͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͽͬͻͯͰͷ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ ΒͰͼͽͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͪ
t͋ͪ͵ͪͬͷ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸;̹͹Ͷ͹Δͼ͵͹ΒͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΂ͳΒͰͼ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͿͳ͵
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸͹ͬͰͼͶͪͽ͵Ͱͻ͹ͫ͹ͽͰ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹͵ͻͪͽ͸;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰ
ͫ;;ͼͬͰͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰi ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇͸͹ΒͰͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸͹͸ͪ
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪͳ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͵ͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;͹ͼ͹ͫͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͳͬͳ΀ΒͰͯͳ͸͹͵ͪ͹
΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͭͻ;ͺͰͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ– ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;͵ͶͪͺͪΒ;;
ͭͻͪΌ;ͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ̽Ͱ΁ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ ;͹ͬͪ͵͹͵͹͸΁ͳͺͳͻͪ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͯ͹Ͷͪ
ͲͰͯ͹ͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳͭ;ͫͰͯ;΃;̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͺ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒ
ͼ͵͹ͷ̈́ͰͬͳΒͪͽͪ͸; ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͲͪͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͳͶͰͺ͹ͽ; ͸Ͱͭ͹ͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͳ΁ͪͲͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ
͸͹ͭͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂ͪͅ͹ͻͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͽͪͺͪͯͰ΁; ͪͶͳͳͷ͸Ͱ ͯͪΒͰ ͯͪͯͳ΃;ͺ;͸ͳͷͺͶ;Εͳͷͪ̀ͫ͹ͭ
ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰͳ͵͹ͷͺΒ;ͽͰͻͪͯͰ΁ͪͭ;ͫͰͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ͹͑͵͹ͶͰͲͪ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͯͪͯͰ΁;͹ͫͻͪͲ;Β;
ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε ͳ ͳͼͺͻͪͬͪ͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͳͷ ͸;ͯͰ ͼͬͪ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ
͹ͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳͽͪ͵͹ͳ΀ͭ;΃Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͼͷͳͼͶͪ
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ͯͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͸Ͱͭ;ΒͰ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͬͰͼͽ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͫͪͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͬͰͻͳͳΒͰͲͳ͵; ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ
ͬͰ͵ͪ ; ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷ ̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͼͽͪͬͰͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ; ͻ͹ΌͰ͸ͪΒͰͳͯͰΒͪ͹tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ìͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹
͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͶ;ͱ͸ͳΒͳΒͰ͉͹ͫͰͽͅͳͶͰͻ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͽͪͯͪͫͳ͹ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͪ͌ΒͰͯͳ
ΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͇ͪͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͼͽͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͳͼ
ͽͰͷͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;΂ͳΒͰͷΒͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰͬͰͻͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͳ
΂;ͬͪΔͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ͪͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͳͼͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ ͸ͪΒ
ͷͪΔ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;ͷͰͻ;͊ͽ͹ͭͪͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͸͹ͬͳ ͺͪ͸ͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ ͵͹Βͳͳͷͪ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ;͹͵;Ͷ
ͽ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;tΔ;ͰΒΘi t͸͹ͬͪͰͻͪi
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ͆ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;Ͷͳ͵ͪ
42
͎ͪͻͳΒ͈ͪ͹ͽͰͻͪ͊ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ΒͰͺͻͪͬͳ͵;ͶͽͯͰ΂ΒͰͭΒ;͸ͪ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͻͪͲ͸ͰͷͪͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
ͼͳͶͰͳͷ͹Εͳ ͪ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͯͰ΁ͪ;ͯͪΓ;Β;͹ͯ ͺͻͪͬͰͬͰͻͰ̓ΔͳͭͰ͹͎ͪͻͳΒ;͈͹ͽͰͻ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͼ;
͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸ͪͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͪ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
͑ͽͪͼͰ ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͵ͻͳΒͰͳͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͆ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͺͻͪͬ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;ͳ ͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸Ͱ
͸ͪͷͰͻͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ͋ͪ͵͹ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͇Ͷͭͪ ͐ͰͽͬͰͻͳ͵͹ͬͪ ͺͻ͹
ͿͰͼ͹ͻ͸ͪ͵ͪͽͰͯͻͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ̻͇͉́ͅͅ;ͼͳΒͰ ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͵͹Βͳ͸͹ͼͳ
͸ͪͲͳͬt̓͹ͷͺͶͰͽ͸͹ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͳͻͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳͶͳ͑ͽͪͼͰ͵ͻͳΒͰͳͲ̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪi ͳͲͷͰ
Ό;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺͳ΃Ͱ t͈͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͋͹ΒͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͷͳͲ͹ͬͰͷ͹͋ͻͪ͸ͼ΀;
ͷͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ ͵ͪͯͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ– ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͺ͹͵͹ͻͪ͵– ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ͹ͯ΀;ͷͪ͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ͼͽ΀;ͷͪ͸;͇ͬͪΒͺͻ͹
ΒͰ͵ͪͽΒͰ͋ͻͪ͸ͼ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͳͷͰͼͰͫͪͬͰ̸̸͆͊ ̸̸͉͈̽ ͬ͹ͯͰΕͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͸ͰͪͭͰ͸΁ͳ
ΒͰ ͋ͻͪ͸ͼ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͸ͳΒͰ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͪ͸ ͹͸ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͳ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ ͺͻͪͬͪ΁ ; ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ; Γ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ
͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ – ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͇̺͇̻͆ ̸͇̺͐̾̓ ͏ͳΓ ΒͰ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔͰ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹
ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͹ͯ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͐͹ͬͰ͵ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸
ͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰͼͶ;΃ͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Β;ͷ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͽ;Ό;ͬ͹Γ;ͳ;ͷi ͐ͰͽͬͰͻͳ͵͹ͬͪ

̀ͪͷͰ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;ͳͲͪͷͰ͸;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͸͹ͬͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ;ͶͪͱͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ ;ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷ;
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͌ͽͳͷͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͪͽΒͰͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͭͯͰͼͰͲͪͷͰΔ;Β;
ͼͽͪͻͳͳ͸;ͯͰ͸͹ͬͳ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪΔͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪ
ͬͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͷͰͼͽͪͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͻͰͬͳͲͳΒͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͱͽͻͬͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;͵ͻͳͬ΁ͳͷͪ ͪ͵ͻͳͬ΁ͳ
ͼͰ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪΒ;͵ͻͳͬͳ΁Ͱ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͷͪΔ;Β;ͼͰͶͰ͵΁ͳΒͰͳͲͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͷͰΔͪͼͰͼͺͳͼͪ͵
͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ΀ͲͪͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͷ͸͹ͭͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͼͰ;͵ͳͯͪΒ;ͳͶͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ ;ͬ͹
ͯͰͼͰ͸͹ͬͳͳͼͶ͊ͬͰͬͳ΃ͰΒͰͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͹ͯ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭͯ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸Ͱͭ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͽͳͺͪ͆ͪͼͬͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳ΂; ͻͪͲ͸ͳtͰͯ;͵ͪͽ͹ͻͳi ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
ͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃; ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͰͭͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͼͬͰ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ tͅ͸͹ͭͳ
͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͼ͵ͳ ͳ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ ; ͼͬͰͽ; ͳ ͵͹ͯ ͸ͪͼ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͬͰ͵͹ͻͪ͵Ͱ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͳͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵͹ΒͪΕͰͺͪ΁ͳͿͳ
͵͹ͬͪͽͳͻͪͽ͹ͫ͹ͻ͸Ͱ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ-͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͽͳ͸Ͱͼͺ;ͽͪ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ͸ͯͳ
ͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͽΒ ͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸΀ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪi ͏ͬͰͽ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓ
͹ͬͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͭͳ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪΒͰͼͽͰͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪ
ͶͳͲͷͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͳΒͰͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͳ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͽͻͪΒͪΔͪ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ;
͵͹ΒͰͷ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͼͬͰ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ ͪ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ ͼͬͰ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͳ 2 ͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͷ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ; ͺͻͪͬ΁; ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͳ ͸ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ t͊ͳͼͽͰͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͷͪ Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ ͯͪ
͸ͪͷͰͽ͸ͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰͽͻͪΒ͸͹͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͯͪ͹͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͳ;ͭͶͪͬͰΓ;ͯͳ;ͶͳΒͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬͰͷͳͼͶͳi ̺ͰͫͶͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
͊Ͷͳ
͵ͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͲͪͷͪͭΓ;ΒͰͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵;Β;ͳ;ͼͶͰͯͺͻͳͷͪΔͪ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ
΂ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͰͽΔͰ t͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͭi ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
2
͇͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰͷͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͳͼͪ͹͉̾͊Ͱͳ͸Ͱͻͽ;͵ΔͳͲͳ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ
ͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͳ ͉Ͱͳ͸Ͱͻͽ

43
͵͹Βͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ;ͽͳͼͪ͵ͯͪͼͪͷ͹tͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳi ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͲ͸ͪΌ;ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͲͪͼͬͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͳͯͪͼ;ͫ͹ͭ͹ͷͯͪ
͸ͳͯͪtͺͻ͹ͼͬͰΕ;Β;iͷͪͼͰ
͋ͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ; ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͺͻͳ
ͽͳͼ͵͹ͷΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸
ͯͪ ͼͰ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͹ͯͺͻͰͯ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͼͻͰͯΔͰͭ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͭͯͰͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͽͰͷͰΓ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
t;ͫͪ΁Ͱi͸͹ͬͳt͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͺͪ͵Ͱͽͳit͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺͪ͵ͰͽͰi
ΒͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͳ͹́͸΁Ͱͼͽͽͻͪ;ͷͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ– ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͰ͡ͳΓͪ͸̹ͪ͹ͭͪͬͪ΁ͳ̽;΃ͳ΁ͪ
͈͹ͺͪͯͳΕ ͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͰͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽ͵ͳΔͰẗ́ͪͫͻͳͼͪi– ͸ͪΒͼͽͪͻͳΒͰͶͰͲͫͰΒͼ͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼ;͸ͪͭͻͪΌͳͬͪ͸ͰtͲͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼΒͪ΂ͪΔ;ͶͰͲͫͳΒͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳi
͋ͪ͵͹ ;͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͺͪ͵Ͱͽ;Ͳͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͳͼͻͰͯΔͰ΃͵͹ͶͰ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͹ͯͯ͹ ͳͲͷͰΌ;
͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͯͰ΁ͪͼͰt;΂Ͱit̓ͪ͵͹ͼͰͬͻ΃ͳͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳͺ͹Γ;ͫͪ΁ i t͑ͽͪΒͰͽ͹ͪ͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼͰ͵ͼ i t͑ͽͪΒͰͽ͹
͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͼͰ͵ͼ i͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪΒ;΀͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͆ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳ
ͷ͹͸ͪ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹͹ͯ͹ͫͻͪͬͪΒ;Ε;ͳ͹΀ͻͪͫͻ;Β;Ε;ͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯͬͰͶͰͲͫͰΒ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰΓ;ͫͰͯͻͱͰΕͳͼͰͲͪ
ͲͪͯΔͳ΁Ͱ͋; ΒͰͳͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͶͪͯ͹ͭͭͰΒͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͷͶͪͯͳΕ;ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ΁ͬͰΕͰ tͅͶͪͯͳΕ
ͼͪͷ ͼͬͳΌͪͷͳͼͰͯͻ;ͭͳͲ͹ͯͰΓͰΔͪi ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͼͶͰͯͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͈ͻͪͽͳͼͬ͹Βͪ
͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͸Ͱͷ͹Βͯͪͳ΀ͼͰͺͶͪ΃ͳ΃ͳͶͳͼͽͳͯͳ΃ ͲͪΓ;ͫΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳΓ;ͫͪͬͼ;ͯͻͪͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͼͰ
ΕͪΔͪ͑ͽͪͫͳͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͷͼͽͻͰΒͽ ͯͻ;ͭ; ͵͹ΒͳͽͳͼͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͳͯͪͷ;ͼͰ
ͼͬͳΌͪͯͻ;ͭͪͻͳ΁ͪͳͲ͹ͯͰΓͰΔͪ ͋͹ͼ;ͳͼͽͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪit͈͹Γ;ͫͳͶͪͼͪͷͼͰͼͪͯͻ;ͭͪͻͳ΁͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͺ;ͽͪ ͽ͹ͷͰΒͪ͵͹;Ͳͫ;ͯͳ ͯͪͶͳͼͪͷͶͰͲͫͰΒ͵ͪ i3
͆ͪ΃ͽͰͽ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪͼͽͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͺͻͳ
ͷͰ͸Ͱ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭt͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͪ͵Ͱͽͪi;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͪ ͼͽͻ;
͵ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒ;ͭͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͺͻ͹Ϳͯͻ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸̸͸ͽ͹
͸ͳΕ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;t͈͹ͼͽͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸̻̹ͪ̈́͋ʮͳ͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪʮ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒͪ
΀͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪ ;ͯͰ͹ ΀͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͳ ͽ͹ ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽ;ΒͰ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͷ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ t̽ͬ͹ΒͰ ;ͭͶͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͊ͽͰΒͼͳΒͰͬͪ ͳ ̹ͳͫͶͪͻ΁ ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪͶͳ ͼ;
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵Ͱͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵ͰͳͲ͸ͰͽͰ;ͼͽͻ;ͯͳΒͳ͹΀͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷʮͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͼͽͬ;ʮ ͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͶͳͯͪ ΕͰ
ͯͰ΁ͪ͹ͯͭͪΒͪ͸ͪ;ʮlezbigej frendliʮ ͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͳͫͳͽͳʮ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳΒͪͲͪ΀͹ͷ͹Ͱͻ͹ͽͼ͵ͰͬͰͲͰʮ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͺͰͽ
͹ͯͼͽ͹ ΀͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;ͼ͵ͪ΂Ͱͳͯ͹ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͪi ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͪ

̽ͪ͵ͶͰ͸ͪͽͻͪͭ;͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͪͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͲͪͺͳͽͪͷ͹ͯͪͶͳ͸ͪͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͳͯͰͪͶͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͽͬͪ
ͻͪΔͰ΀͹ͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͠͹΃ͬͰΕͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͽͳ͸ͪͷ͹ͯͻ͹ͯ͸͹͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ
;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ̸ͪͬͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ͌ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;t͊ͶͰͯͰΕͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵– ͻ͹ͯ͸͹͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼ
ͶͰ͸͹;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ͵͹ͻͪ͵Ͱ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͭͯͰΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͫͻͳͼͪΔͰͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ͵ͪ ͷ;΃͵͹–ͱͰ͸ͼ͵͹
ͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͻ͹ͯ͸͹͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪt͆ͪ΃̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͻͪͬ
͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͯͻ͹ͯ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͰͳͱͰ͸Ͱ͆͹ ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
͵ͪͯͪΕͰͽͪͶͳͼͽͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͳͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹΃ͳͻ;ΒͰ͆ͪ΁ͻͽͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;
ͷͰͬͪͳʮΒͪͬ͸͹Ͳͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰwͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪʮ ΂Ͷͼͽ
ͳͲͪͶͪͱͰͼͰͲͪͷͰΔͪΔͰ
ʮͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳͷͪʮ ΂Ͷ ͼͽ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ Ͳͪ ʮͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ
3
httpincesttraumacentar.org.rs/files/2016/MPNTR-Obrazovni_paket_za_vrtice_2016.pdf
Obrazovni_paket_za_osnovne_i_srednje_skole_2016.pdfhttpincesttraumacentar.org.rs/files/2016/MPNTR.
44
ͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪi ΂Ͷ ͼͽ
͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͰ͹ͯͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳ ͹ͯͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͽͻͪͱͳʮͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪʮ ΂Ͷ ͼͽ΂Ͷ
ͼͽ
i ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͫ
̸͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳΔͪ͆ͪͯͪ͊Ͱ͵;ͶͳΕͺ͹ͶͰͷͳ΃;Εͳͼ̸ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕͰͷ;ͽͰ͵
ͼͽ;t́ͲͪͷͪͶͳ΀ͬͻͪͽͪ– ͵͹ͽ͹ͽͪͷ͹ͽͻ;ΒͰͯͰ΁;i ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕͰͬ͹ͭtͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹
ͼͰͯͪΓͰͷ΃ͳͻͰΔ;΀͹ͷ͹Ϳ͹ͫͳΒͰͳͳͯͰΒͳͯͪͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͳͯͪΒͰ
΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ ͽͰͯͪͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹͸ͪͼͳΓͰ͸ͪͯͯͰ΁͹ͷ͸ͳΒͰͯͰ͹ʮͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰʮ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪ
ͽ͹ͷͰ ͸Ͱ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͳͬͪͽͳ ͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺͪͱΔͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͯͪ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͸ͪͯ ͳͼͽ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͸͹ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͳͷ
͹ͼ͹ͫͪͷͪ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͲͫͳΓͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷi ͊Ͱ͵;ͶͳΕ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͺͪ͵Ͱͽͳͼ;ͼͪͷ͹ͯͰ͹ͽ͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ
ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ͸ͪͲͬͪ͸͹̹ͭ͹Ͷ͹Δͼ͵ͪͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͹ͯ͌͸Ͱͼ͵͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͼͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
ͳͪͿͳͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͫ͹Ͷ͹Δͼ͵ͳ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽΒͰ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͿ;͸
ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͷ͹͸͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͻͪͲͪͻͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͰ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ̹͹Ͷ͹Δͼ͵ͪ ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͻͪͯͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ
; ͼͬͰͽ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ t͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ ͿͪͲͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳ ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ
ͰͿͰ͵ͽͰ͸ͪ;΂͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͪ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͼͬͰͽͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͬͰͫͰͻͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳ͸΁ͳ
ͺͰͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͬͰΕͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ
ΒͰ ͳͲ ͹ͻͬͰͶ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ ͪ͸ͽͳ;ͽ͹ͺͳΒͰ ͹ͻͬͰͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͬͳͲͳΒͰ
͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͵ͪ͹ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͼ͵͹Β Ϳͪͻͷͳ ͳ
ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͫͻͪͽ;͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͬͳͯͰΕͰͷ͹͵;ͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͻ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪΓ;ͯͳ͌ͽͪ͵͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͳͷ͹͸ͼͽͻ;͹Ͳ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ̽ͰͶͰͲ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͸Ͱ
͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͬͰͲͪͼͰͷ͵ͪͶ͵;ͶͰ ͭ͹Ͷ͹ͭ ͫͰͲͯ;΃͸͹ͭͻͪ΂;͸ͪ͐͹ͬͰ͵ͼͰͻͰͯ;΁ͳͻͪ͸ͪΒͰͯ
͸͹ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳͼ;ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ
΁ͳͪͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͻͪͬ͸͹ͯ;΃͸ͳi ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͪΒͪΒ; ͹ͯ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β
ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸ͳ ͼ;ͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͲͯͻͪͬͰͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼ͸ͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬͳͷ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͼͬ͹ͯͳ ͸ͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸͹ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ; ͻ͹ͫ; ;
Ϳ;͵΁ͳΒͳ͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͭͯͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ́ͯͰͪ
Ͷͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͳ ͸ͪ ͽͰͷͰΓͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ ; ΂ͳΒͰͷ ͼ; ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ;
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳ ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ ͳ Ͱͷͪ͸΁ͳͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;
ͷͰͼͽ͹ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹Βͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹͹͸͹ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͿͽͳ͸͹ͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹
΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͻ͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀;ͷ͹ͬͪ;tͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ͵Ͷͪi.
͌͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;;΂ͳͽͰΓͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͼͶͰͯͳͶͳͼ;͸Ͱ͵;ͬͳ΃Δ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ΒͰͫͳͶ͹͵͹͸΁ͳͺͳͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͳͯͰͪͶ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͼͽͻͰͷͳͶ͹͌΂ͳͽͰΓΒͰΌͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͪ
ͬͪ͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͳͷͪ͹ͳͽͪ͵͹ͼͰͻͪΌͪͶ͹ͺͻͰͯͪΔͰ– ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ4͌ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
4
͆ͪͲͳͬͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱ͹ͯͶͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͭͶͪͭ͹ͶͪUSBEP, USBEBSF, ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;ͺͻͰͯͪͽͳ ͯͪͽͳ ͯͪͬͪͽͳͯͪΓͰ ͺͻͰͯͪ
ͽͳ ;ͻ;͵Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽͪ USBEJUJP ͵͹ΒͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͺͻͰͯͪΔͰͬͰͲͪ͸͹Ͳͪ;ͼͷͰ͸;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;
ͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͯͪΔͪ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸;ͺͻͪ͵ͼ; ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͲͪͽͪΒ΃ͳͻͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͼͽͬͪ

͵͹Βͳ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ;͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;͸ͳͽͳͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͼͷͰͽͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔ;ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂
͵͹ͭͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ
;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͬͰͺͻͪͬͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ;͸͹ͬͰt͸ͰͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳi ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰΌͪ͵Ͱ͇ͽ;ͯͪͽͪ͵͹΂Ͱͼͽͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹Βͷͪtͻͪͯͳ͹
͸ͳ΁ͪi;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕ;͌ͷͰͼͽ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͷͪͷ͹Ͱͯ;͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;͌ͷͰͼ
ͽ͹͹ͫͻͪͲͪͳͯ;΃Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͼͽͪͻͪͯ͹ͫͻͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͫͻͳͱΓͳͬ͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͶͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͶͪͳ΂;ͬͪͶͪ ͼͪͯͪͳͷͪͷ͹
͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰtͲ͸ͪͲͪͻ͹ͫ; ;ͼͶ;ͭͰͳ΁Ͱ͸;ͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͲͪ΂ͪͼͽ ͹ͫͻͪͲͳͯ;΃;
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͲͪͼͬͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;i ͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ

͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ̿ͪ͵ͪͅͻͳͽͰ͸ΒͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͽͪ΂͸͹ΒͰͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹ͼͽͪ
ͬ͹ͷt͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪΒͰͫ;ΌͰΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪi̽ͪͶͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͫ;ΌͰΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;΂͹ͬͰ
͵; ͊ͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ̓ͻͳͼͽͳͿ͹ͻ̈́ͪ΃͵ͻͪΒͰͷ
ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪt͇ͭͻ͹ͷ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;;΃͵͹
Ͷ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳͲ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪͬͪΒ;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͻͪͬ͸͹;ͽΒͰ΂;͸ͪ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͭͶ;ͺ͹ͼͽͳ<>
͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ ͺͪͯͪΒ; ͱͻͽͬͰ ͼͶͪͫͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ ͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͯͪͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪ ͼ;͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ ΃ͽ͹ͳ
ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ ͹ Δͳͷͪ ͷͳͼͶͰ
ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͰ ͱͪͶͰ ͯͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͸ͳ΂Ͱͷ; ͸ͪ;΂ͳͽͳi
-BTDI ͼͽͻ
̈́ͪ΃ ΕͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ; ͹ͯͰΓ͵; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͵ΔͳͭͰ ͺ͹ͯ ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷ
t͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͸͹ͬͪ ͸ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽi ;͵ͪͲͪͽͳ ͸ͪ ͸ͳͲ ͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͬͰ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ΃͵͹Ͷ;ΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͪͶͳt͸ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸ͰiΓ;ͯͰ̈́ͪ΃ΕͰ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͽͪ͵ͬ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
ͬͪΔͰ͸ͳ;͵͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͸ͰͼͺͻͰͷͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͲͪtͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͬͰΕͭͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͷͯͪͫͰͲ
ͻͪͲͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͳ΀;ͺ;ͽͪ͹ͫͪͬͳ͸ͪΒΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳΒͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͼͺͻͰͷͳ͹ͫͻ͹͵ ͹ͯͰ͸ͪͲͪͫͪͬ; ͳͶͳ
;͵ͻͰͬͰͽͼ͹ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͪi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–17
͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͷͻͰ΂Β; tͿͪ΀ͳͯͳ͹ͽͰi ͵ͪ͵͹͵ͪͱͰ
ͺͻ͹Ϳ͡;ͫͳ΃ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ͆ͪͼͬ;͸ͪ΃;͸ͰͼͻͰΕ; ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ;ͺͻͪ
ͬ͹ͼ;͸ͪͷͺ͹ͽ;ͻͳͶͳͽͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸;ͫ͹Ͷ͹Δͼ͵͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;
͑͵͹ͶͰ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ tͺͻͰͺͳͼ;ΒͰiͶͰ͵΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͪͬ
Ͷͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͯͳͱ;ͯͰ΁;;ͯ;΀;ͺ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΃ͽ̻ͬͪͶͪͬ͸ͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͳͷ͹ͽ;ͺͳͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͪ
͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͯͪͳͷ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ ͯͪΒͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͷ ΂ͪ͵͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͌
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;΃͵͹ͶͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸;ͳͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸;Ϳ;͵΁ͳΒ;ͳͻͪͯͳͶͪΒͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ
ͬͰ͸ͽͳͬͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪΒͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬ
ΓͰ͸ͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ΒͰͻ͹͸ͪͽͰͱͳͯͪ͵͹ͯ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͻͳͽͳ
΂͵ͳͼͽͪͬͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͪͽͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;͵͹͸ͽͻͪͯͳ͵ͽ͹ͻ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͺ͹ͯͬ͹ͯΓͳͬ ͭͻͪͷͲͳͬ ͺ͹ͼͶ;΃ͪ͸ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͻͰ΂Β;– ;͵Ͷ͹ͺΓͳͬ΂͹ͬͰ͵t͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ
͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͲ͸ͪΔͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͷi ͌ͲͰͶͪ΁
ͼͽͻ
̸;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͦ͹͸͉ͪͶͼͽ͹͸͊͹Ͷ tͼ;;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ
ͼͶ;ͱͪͬ͵Ͱ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪi ͊͹Ͷ ͼͽͻ
͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͫͰͱͳ͹ͯ
ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͯͪΒ͹ͷΒͰͼͽͰͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͼͽͬͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹΂Ͱͬͳ͸; ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹͌

ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺͻͰͯͪΔͰ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹;ͼͷͰ͸ͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͬͰΕͳͲ͸ͪΔͰͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ;͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳͷͪ
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͳͲͯ͹ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͯͪͫͳͼͰͺͻͰ͸ͰͶͳ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ;ͺ͹ͻ
͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–101).
46
ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͰ ͫͰͱͳ͹ͯͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺͪͯͪ;ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪͷ ͶͰ΂ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͼͽͪ
ͬΓͪ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͪ͵͸ͪͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪͳͯͰ͵ͪͼͷͳͼͶ; ͯͪͽͻͪͭͪͲͪ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͷͪ͊ͪͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪͼ͸͹ͬͳͷͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳͷͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͷͪͽͰͱͳͯͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪͯͰ΁;ͼͬͳ΀͹͵͹ͬͪ̽ͪtͫͻͪ͸ͳi;΂Ͱ
͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͯͰͭͻͪͯͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͪͳ͹ͯͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪ͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ ͳͼ
ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁͹ͷ ͈͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͭ;ͫͳ ͽͻ͵; ͼ ͷ͹Ε͸ͳͷ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳͷͪ ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
t͈͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰͭ;ͫͳͼͬ͹ΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͪ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͰͷͶͪͯͰͳ͸ͪΒͷͶͪΌͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯͺͻͬ͹ͭ
ͯͪ͸ͪ;ͽͳͼ͵;Β;ͼͰͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪͯͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪi
͌ͲͰͶͪ΁ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹ͻ͹΂͵ͳͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͬͻͶ͹ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ ͺͻͰ͹ͽͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͰͯͬͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰΒͰͯͪ͸;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͱͰͶͰ͹ ͯͪ ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͪ͸͹͸ͳͷͪ͸ ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹ ΒͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵ t͊Ͱͯͪͷ ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͪ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ
ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪi ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹
ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͷ͵͹ͻͪ΁ͳͷͪͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ
ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͪͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ;͸ͳ΃
ͽͪͬͪΔͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͰ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͰͭ ͵ͪͯͻͪ ͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪΔͰ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ
;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸Ͱͫͳ͸ͪͳ΃ͪ͹͸ͪ͹ͽͺ͹ͻΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͭͪͲͪͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪͽͳ̸;ͽ͹ͻͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺͻͬ͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͹ͯͺͰͽͯ͹ͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͯͪͯͰͶ;ΒͰͺ͹Βͪ΂ͳ
ͬͪ΂ͼͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͸͹ͷͼͺͻͰͭ͹ͷ ͵ͪͯͪͯͳͺͶ͹ͷ΁ͳͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͳͼͪͷͳͯͪͺͻͰͯͪΒ;;΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪͳ
͸ͪ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͳͷͪ ͯͪ ͺͳ΃; ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͳͽͯ
͈͹ͼͶͰ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͯͰͭͻͪͯͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͼͪͷ ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͵ͪͯͪͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ͼͬͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͼͪ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ͹ͷ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ Ͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͹͸͹ͷͰ͵͹ͽ͹ͱͰͶͳ ͬͳͯͰͽͳͯͪͼ;ͳͯͰΒͰͳͲ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪͲͪ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͳͷͺͻͰͭ͸ͳͻͪ͸Ͱ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͯͪͼͰ
ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ͸ͪͯͰͶ;;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͯͪΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰt͸ͪͯ͹ͫ
ͻ͹ͷͺ;ͽ;iͼͪͷ͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͪ
̸̸̸̻͇̹̓̀̓͌͐̓͌̈́̈́͆́́͡ ̈́́
̸͆͏̸͇͉͉͈͇́͆̈́͆́́͆͋̾̾͊͌͊͊̓ͅ
̸̸͇̹͉͇̺̀͌͢
̀Ͷ͹ͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ̺ͰͼͶͳ̓Ͷͪͻ͵ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͲͶͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͲͪͺͻͰͺͪ΃ΕͰ͸͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;Εͳ
ͬͰͶͳ͵;͵͹Ͷ͹͸;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱͼͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͹΂;ͬͪ͸͹ͷͬ͹Β͸͹ͷͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͳͶͪͼ̓͹ͼͷͰͽͪ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹ΒͰͯͪ͊ͻͫͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽͳͬͪͼͺͳ
ͽͪͬͪͽͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ; ͯͰ΁; ; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼ ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ΁͹ͷ ͵͹Β; ͼͷ͹ ͸ͪͬͰͶͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͵ͻͰͯ͹ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ
ͳ
;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͼͰͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͈͹ͯ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͪ ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ̹͹Ͷ͹Δͼ͵ͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͽ͹ͻͳͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͰͺͳͼ;Β;Εͳ͹͸͹͸ͪΒͭ͹ͻͰͳͲͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ
΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬͪ
͆ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͬͪ͵Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰΒͰͼͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͵ͪ͵͹ͭͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͳͼͶͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
ͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ

httpwww.carsa.rs/kakao-unistiti-obrazovni-sistem-u-sedam-koraka/
47
͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͱͰͶͳͷ͹ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͱͰͶͳͷ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͷͰͻͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳͶͳͺ͹ͷͰͻͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ̸ͪ͸ͪ
ͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͹ͯ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ ͇̽͊-ͪ ͸ͪ ͬͶͪͼͽ
ͺͻ͹Ϳ̀͹ͻͪ͸̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵ͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪ ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͲͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪ
Β;ΕͰͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ͌͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͯ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸͹̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͼͪͬͰͲ;ͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻ;
ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͷ΃ͳͻ͹ΒΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪ ;ͷͰ΃ͪ͸͹ͼͽ̺͇͆;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ;
ͬͰͲͳ ͼ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ͯ͹͸ͳͲͪ͸ͰͶ͹ͭͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͹͸ͳ΀ͭͯͰͼͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪͳͲ
̺͇͆ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͳͺ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ ͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪͲͪͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃
͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺ͹͸;ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͽ ͹͸Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰt͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺͪͯͪ;ͻ;͵Ͱ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͯͪͻͪ ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͌ͲͼͬͰͽ͹ ͸ͪ
ͯͰͶ;ΒͰͫͳ͹͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪ͹͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ
͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪi ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͌΁ͳΓ;tͰͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰiͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͪͺ͹͸ͪͶ͹ͭ;͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͪͳͿͳ͸ͪͼͳͻͪͽͰ
ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͸ͳͲͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ6 ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ;ͽͳͷͯ͹͵;
ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͪͻ͹Ͷͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵Ͱ΃ͪ͸ͼͰͲͪͼͬͰ ;͸ͪͺ
ͻͰΌͰΔͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ
͵͹ΒͰͼͰͼͶͪͫ͹ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͰͽ͹ͬͳͯͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ
;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪ ͼͷͪΔ;Β;ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͪͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ ͹ͺͰͽͺ͹ͯͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ
͍ͅͅ-ͪ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͼͷͪΔ;ΒͰͫͻ͹Βͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͪ͵͹ͳͷͪͷ͹ ; ͬͳͯ;ͯͪΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
΁ͳΓ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ ͺͰͽ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͹͸ͯͪͬͳͯͳͷ͹ͯͪͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͋͹ΒͰ ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͸ͪΒ;ͺͰ΂ͪͽΓͳͬͳΒͰͳͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ
΃Δͳ ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͲΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ tͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ ͻͪͯͳ͸ͪͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͸ͪ;ͼ͵ͶͪΌͳͬͪΔ;ͼͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͷͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ̾͌i ͺͻͰͷ̸ͪͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̸͵͹ΒͰͽͪ͵͹ ͪΒͰͼͽͰͽͪ͵͹ ͹͸ͯͪͼͰ
Βͪͼ͸͹ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺͳͽͪͽͳͳͷͪͶͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰ
ͷ; ͋͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ; ͏ͳΓͰͬͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ; Ͳͪ͵͹͸; ͳͲ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͹ͯͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ
ͪͼͬͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ
ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳͼ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔ;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͋͹ΒͰΒ͹΃
͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͺͻ͹Ϳ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;͇ͺ΃
ͽͳͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪt͆ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͼͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͳͲͪͳͼ΀͹ͯͪ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ;΂ͰΔͰ ͽͳͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͯ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰ
ͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͽ͵ͪ͹΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ
͆Ͱͷͪ ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

̽͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͺͪͳ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪ ͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͳͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳͳͯͰͪͶ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ
6
͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͯͬͪͽͪ͵ͬͪͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ̓ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͼͬͰ–ͺ;ͽ͵ͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;
΃ͽͬ; ͳͲ ͳ̓ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͼͬͰ–ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
48
ͺ͹ͽͳͻͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͵ͪͯͪͼͶͪͫͰͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪͯͪͼͬͰ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͳͷͪ͹͸ͳ΀ tͻ͹ͯ͹ͷͻͲͪ΁ͪi– ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ
͵͹Βͳͬͳ΃Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͰͳͬͰͶͳ΂ͪΒ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͳ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͭ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;
͑ͽͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͹͸ͯͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͳͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ̽ͪͶͳΒͰ
ͽ͹ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ ͸ͪ ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰͻͳͲͷ; ΀Ͱͯ͹͸ͳͲͷ; ͳ Ͱͭ͹ͳͲͷ;
;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͷͼͽͳͶ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪtͽͻ͹΃ͳͷͯͪ͵ͶͰΒͰͼͪͷi ͳͶͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸
͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹Β ͬͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β
Ͱͽͳ΁ͳ ͭͯͰͼͰ͸Ͱͭ;ΒͰΓ;ͫͪͬͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͽͪΘͫͳ͸ͳ ͭͯͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ
Γ;ͫͪͬ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͱͻͽͬ; ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹΃ͽͰΔͰ͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͪͲͪͬͰͽ͸͹ͷ
ͳͯͰͪͶ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪtͼͬͰͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͸ͳ Ͳͪ ΃ͽͪi7.
ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰ ͽ;͸Ͱͷͪ ͯͳͶͰͷͰ ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸͹͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͠Ͱͻ
͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ͆ͳ͵͹Ͷ̹ͪ͹ͱͳͶ͹ͬͳΕt́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳͳͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͬͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ Ϳ͹ͻ
ͷͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰ ; ͺͻͪͲ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͬͰΕ ; ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͷͳΓͰ; ͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸͹ͷ
ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΁ͳ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸͈ͪͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼͪͷ͹͸ͳ͵Ͷͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳ΃;;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͼͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͻͰͲ;Ͷ
ͽͪͽͽ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪi ̹͹ͱͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͫͳͶ͹ͺ;ͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͪͷ͹;
͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹;ͼͶ;ͱͫͳ;Ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹
ͰͿͰͻͷͰͻ͸ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷ͇ͪͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽͳͬͳ͸Ͱ;ͺͳͽ͸ͪͬͰͻͽͳ͵ͪͶͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ͸Ͱͭ;Β;ͳͯͪΓͰͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱͳͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͽ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹͆͹ͬͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͯ͹͸Ͱ
Ͷͪ͸ͪͷΒͰ΃͵͹ͶͰ – ͺͻ͹ͯͪͬ΁Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͳΌͪ͵Ͱ– ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ Ͷͪ͵͹ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΒ; ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͸͹ͬͳ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͪ͸͹ͯ͹͸͹ͭͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷΒͰͬͰͻ͹͸ͪ;͵ͪͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ
͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱ΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬ͹ ͊ͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͬͰͻ͹͸ͪ;͵ͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͸ͪΒΒͪ΂ͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͯͪͼͰͽͪΒͼͳͼ
ͽͰͷ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ;͸ͪ΃͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ̸Ͷͳ ͯͪͫͳͼͰͽ͹͹ͫͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͶ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ
͸͹ΒͰͯͻͪͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͽ΁ͰΔͰ͸ͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽ;ͺͻͳ
ͷͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬͪ͸ͼ͵;ͺͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ– ͳ͹ͯΔͰͭͪͷ͹ͱͰͽͰͽͻͪͱͳͽͳͼͬͰ͆ͪ΃Ͱ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ΒͰ ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ ͳͷͪͶ͹ Ͳͪ ΁ͳΓ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͳ ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͰ
ͼͬͰͼͽͳΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͶͳ΁ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ– ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͶͳ΁ͪ
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ;Ͳ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯ͹ͫͻͳ΀ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪ
ͬͪ ͳͲͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͷ͹͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ– ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͲͪΒͰͯ
͸ͳ΁͹ͷ͵͹Β; ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΒ; ͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̻;ͫͳͽͪ͵͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪ
ΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͇͸ͪΒ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͳͲͭ;ͫͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͫͰͲͶͳ΂͸ͪͷͪͼͪ Ͷ;ͽͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͽ;Όͳͷͺ;ͽͰ
ͬͳͷͪ tͽͳ͵ͬͪͫͰͲ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪi
ͼ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͷͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹΃Ε;̹ͻͳͭͪͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͵ͪͯͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ
Βͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͭ;΃ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ΂ͪͼͽͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͬͰΕ ͳ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼ;΃͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰ͇ͫͪͽ;ͯͪ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒ̺ͳͽ͹ͻͿΒ͹΃͵ͻͪΒͰͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͯͰ΁ͳͯ͸͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ
t̻;ͫͳͽͪ͵ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͇͸ͪΒ ͵͹Βͳ ͳ΀ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͫͰͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͷ
ͼͽͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ ΒͪͶ͹ͬ͹ͷͶ;ͽͪͶͳ΁͹ͷͺ͹ͽ;Όͳͷͺ;ͽͰͬͳͷͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽ͹ͷͫͰͲͻ͹ͯͪͳͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͯ͹͵
7
̓͹ͻͰ͸ͻͰ΂ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ΒͰͼͽͰͻͰ΂͹ͫͻͪͲ
49
΁Ͱ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͼͪͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͷͪͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;ΒͰΒ͹΃ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͯͪͷ;ͼͰͺ͹ͯͳͭ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹
ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͸ͪͯͭͻ͹ͫ͸ͳ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ ͸ͪͯ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹΃Ε; ΒͰͻ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͳ ͸Ͱͷͪi
̺ͳͽ͹ͻͿ ͼͽͻ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼ;΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ͸Ͱͷͪ ͷͰͼͽͪͲͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͰͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͷͶͪͯͰͭͰ͸Ͱ
ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰ͸Ͱ΃͵͹Ͷ;Β;Ͳͫ͹ͭͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͬͻͶͳ͸ͪ ͬͰΕͼͪͷ͹ͲͪͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ͹͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;
tͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ΒͬͶͪͯͳͳ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͳ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽͳi ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;͸ͰͷͳͶ͹ͼͻͯ͸͹ΒͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͳͷͶͪͯͰ
Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ̽ͪΒͰͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ͸ͪͷͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͶͪͲͪ͵͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ͫͻͳΓͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ;ͳ͸͹ͼ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͸ͪͽͲͬͯͪΓͰ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͺ;ͽͰͷͫͰͲͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪ;ͼͬ͹
Β;ͲͰͷΓ;
͆ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ΒͰͼͽͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͵ͪ͵͹ ͭͪ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳ ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͳͼͶͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
ͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͱͰͶͳͷ͹ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬ͹ͱͰͶͳͷ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͷͰͻͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͳͶͳͺ͹ͷͰͻͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͇ͪͯ;ͬͰ͵ΒͰ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͫͳͶ͹ͼͽ;ͫ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͋͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͳ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ
ͳ
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͽͳͻͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͻ;΃ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ̀ͪ
ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰΒ͹΃͈Ͷͪͽ͹͸ͺͳͼͪ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒ;
;Ͷ͹ͭ;̽͹ͫͻ͹͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵ͳ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͪ Βͪ΂ͪͳ͸Ͱͭ;ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽ
ͼ͵ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ Βͪ΂ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͬͰͼͽͳ;ͽͰͷͰΓ;ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ̀

͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ– ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͶͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ;͊̓;ͻ΂;ͫͳΕ
͉;ͱͳΕ ;ͻ
Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ̓ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̾ͬͻ͹͚;͸ͽͳ ̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬͪ΁̻ͻͪ
Ϳ͹ͼͽͳͶ
̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͊ ͪ
͈͹ͼͽͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸̻̹ͪ̈́͋tͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪi̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ IUUQXXXOTQNSTISPOJLB
slobodan-antonic-postizborna-lgbt-JOLMV[JKBIUNM BMQIBCFUM<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͊ ͫ
͊ͶͰͯͰΕͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵– ͻ͹ͯ͸͹͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
IUUQXXXOTQNSTISPOJLBTMPCPEBO-antonic-sledeci-korak-rodno-neutralno-
WBTQJUBOKFIUNM BMQIBCFUM<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 12. 2017>
̹͹ͱͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͆
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͆ͳ΃͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ͏Ͱ͸
ͽͪͻͲͪ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
̺ͳͽ͹ͻͿ ̸͆
͇ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͵Δͳͭͪ ͳͲ̺ͯͪͅ͵ͼͳ
ͷ͹ͬͳΕͪ
̺ͳͶͳͻͳ͹ ͈
́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪ͆͹ͬͳ͊ͪͯ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͬͳ
͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̹
͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͫͻ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ

Lasch, C. (1986). /BSDJTUJǁLBLVMUVSB ;BHSFC/BQSJKFE
͏ͬͰͽ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̺
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ ͻͰ
͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹, XIX–99 ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒ;ͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ; –
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͡
͋ͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͳͺͰͻͳͿͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ
ͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ ͡
̺ͳΌͰΔͪͳͼͶ;ͽΔͰ͆ͳ΃͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
͊ͻͺͼ͵͹͵Ͷͪͽ͸͹ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯͻͪͬ͸ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
ͅ͹ͻͰ͸ ̾
̽;΀ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͰͼͰΒ͹ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
͉Ͱͳ͸Ͱͻͽ ͊̾
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͳ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͐ͳͭ͹Βͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ
͊Ͱ͵;ͶͳΕ ͆
́ͲͪtͷͪͶͳ΀ͬͻͪͽͪi– ̓͹ͽ͹ͽͪͷ͹ͽͻ;ΒͰͯͰ΁; ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQQFTDBOJLOFU
iza-malih-vrata-ko-tamo-truje-decu/ <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͆
͎ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͳͶͳ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͆͹ͬͳ͉͊ͪͯ;ͫͳ͵͹͸
͌ͲͰͶͪ΁ ͅ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ* ̺ͻ΃ͪ΁ ̺ͳͼ͹͵ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ͪ
͐ͰͽͬͰͻͳ͵͹ͬͪ ͇
̓͹ͷͺͶͰͽ͸͹ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳͶͳ΃ͽͪͼͰ͵ͻͳΒͰͳͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQTTUBOKFTUWBSJDPNPMHB-cetverikova-kompletno-
restrukturiranje-DPWFLB<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
httpwww.carsa.rs/kakao-unistiti-obrazovni-sistem-u-sedam-koraka/ <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>

/&."/+"1"/Ƅ&-,07*Ƃ
5)&(-0#"-"/%5)&(-0$"-*/4&3#*"/&%6$"5*0/
– Global and (or) National Interest –
SUMMARY
One of the key roles of education, from its beginnings until the present day, is the construction and pre-
servation of national identity. For centuries, education has been a path and a way of self-determining society,
but only when it was in the service of sublime values, and not subordinate to the eruptive goals. Education
should be a social corrective and unquestionable vertical of society, which fosters and continues to transmit
the spiritual and moral values on which society is founded. New ideology, neoliberal education, on the prin-
ciple of free market, has brought us schools of educational services, and pupils-consumers, who are deprived
of any development of autonomy, creativity and critical thinking, easily adopt a new system of values,
completely opposite to that value system by which religious education has been shaping our education for
centuries, and therefore, the religious education of today has remained the strongest obstacle that this system
completely implemented in our educational system without any difficulties. In today’s schools, there is no
place for national ideas and attitudes, young generations are not educated for knowledge and virtues, but
POMZGPSFYQSFTTJOHUIPTFBUUJUVEFTUIBUGJUuUIFXPSMEHPWFSONFOUBOEPMJHBSDIZJOQPXFSi XIPTFJOUFSFTUJT
merciless exploitation of a young person. The most important issue for any responsible education policy is
to define the national interest in education, and how to adapt to global while maintaining authentically nati-
onal. Therefore, the question is how to think globally (in education) and act nationally. The answer to this
question, what kind of education we want, firstly requires the answer to the question what kind of society we
want – man-oriented Serbian society or corporate capital-PSJFOUFE &EVDBUJPOIBTBMXBZTCFFOUIFQJMMBSPG
the national ideology. In particular, this must remain in the times of globalism, which through its ideology,
and especially through the unification of language (by imposing English) and through information
technology, undermines the nation and destroys national identities. Well-designed, patriotic-oriented edu-
cation strengthens and nurtures national and patriotic feelings, strengthens national consciousness and
justifies national identity. Therefore, what should be educational and pedagogical ideal of our educational
TZTUFN *TJUBWBMVFTZTUFNCBTFEPOOPSNBUJWF consumerism, hedonism and egoism, in a word, on consu-
NFSMJGFTUZMFu*TQFOE UIFSFGPSF*BNiPSJTJUBWBMVFTZTUFNCBTFEPOUIF0SUIPEPY 7JEPWEBO
FUIJDTXIJDI
fosters the love of the the homeland and where love, willingness to sacrifice, solidarity and honesty are pro-
NPUFE 5IVT JOUJNFTXIFOUIFJEFPMPHZPGHMPCBMJTNVOEFSNJOFTUIFOBUJPOBMBOEQSPNPUFTJOUFSOBUJPOBM
when patriotic values fade, when there are more and more of those who glorify and appreciate more foreign
interest and values than national ones, the importance of patriotically based education gains significance.
,&:803%4 education, globalization, transition, national and global education.

̸̸͈͉͚͇̺̾͋͆̾̈́̓́ͣͅ1
̸̸̸̸̸͇͉̹͆̽́̈́́̀́̽̾̀́̾͢͠͡͠ͅͅ
̸̸͎͇̺͇̻̺͉̹̽͌͆̾̽́͆͊͋͊͠2
–͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷ΁ͳΓ;–
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹-
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͳΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ͵͹͸
ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͻͰ͵ͪ͹̽ͳͻ͵Ͱͷ
͋Ͱ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͬͰͻͰΔͪͳͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
ͳͲ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͳͲͯ;ͫͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͫͳΕͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;ͽ͹ͫͳΕͰ ͷͰͽͪͿͳͲͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ–
͎ͰͭͰͶ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ; ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ ͳ ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͽͰ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯͭ;ͫͳ ͳͶͳͷ;ͻ;΃Ͱ
ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͹͸ͭ;ͫͳͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͪͷͰͻͳͶͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ
͹͸ͯͪͶͪ͵͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͽ;Όͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹Βͪ̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͷͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͰͻͳͶͪ
̽;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͻͪͲͫͳΒͪ͸͹ΒͰ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͬͻͪͽͪͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳͲ͹ͷͯͳͼ
͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰΒͪͬΓͪͶͳ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͪΒͪΔ;͊ͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪΔͰͷͺͻͪ
ͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹-ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬͼ͵Ͱͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͪͽͰͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͷ͹ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸
ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯΒͰͭ;ͫͳ͹ͳͭ;ͫͳͼͬ͹ΒͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͳ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;̽Ͱͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ
ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬͼ͵͹-ͬͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͵ͪ ͭ;ͫΓͰΔ; Ϳ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ ͭ;ͫΓͰΔ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͯ;΃Ͱ͆ͪͷͰͻͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ
ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ;͵ͪͱͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͼͰ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͻͪͲͪͻͪͶͪ͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒ;
͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸; ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬͼ͵;
ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ͸͹ͬͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͼ
͸͹ͬ͹ͷ;ͽ͹ͺͳΒ͹ͷ ͯͪΓͰͯͰͼͽͻ;ͳͻͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͼ;Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵;ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͳͼͽͳ΁ͳΓ

ͽͰ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒ; ͯͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ Ͷͳ ͼͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͬͻͪͽͳͽͳ ͼͬ͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ-
ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬͼ͵͹ͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͸ͳΒͰͶͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͼ͸͹
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͪͷ ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ

1
profapetar@gmail.com
2
͉ͪͯΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ́́́t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͰͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͵͹ΒͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱͳ


̽͹ͫͻͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͷ͹ͱͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;ͯͪ͹΂;ͬͪͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͳ΂ͪͼͽ
Ͷ͹΃ͪͭͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯͪͫͳͻͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳ΂ͪͼͽͳ
ͪ͹͸ͪ͸ͪΒͭ͹ͻͪͭͪͶͳ΃ͪͬͪͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
ͪͅͻ͵͹͊ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ
́Ͳ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͿͻͰͼͪ͵ͪͼͽͪͻͪͽ;ͭͪͬͰΒͰ
͸ͳΒͰͼͬͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͶ͹͵ͪͯͺͻ͹ͺͪͶ͹ͼͬͰΒͰ
͉ͪΒ͵͹͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬ͆͹ͭ͹
̺͇͌̽–̸̸̸̸͎͇̺͇̺͇͉͇͇̻͉̽͌͆̾̽́͆͊͋͋̾̾͆̽͆͋͢͠͡͠ͅ
̀ͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔͰ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͳ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹-
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͳΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ
͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͻͰ͵ͪ͹̽ͳͻ͵Ͱͷ
͋Ͱ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͬͰͻͰΔͪͳͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͳͲ͸ͳ͵Ͷͳ ͳͲͯ;ͫͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͫͳΕͪͳ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;ͽ͹ͫͳΕͰ ͷͰͽͪͿͳ
Ͳͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ– ͎ͰͭͰͶ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ ͳͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪͽͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ
΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱ́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͼͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͸ͪͷͳͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ
Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͽͪ΂͵ͪͷͪ ͹ͼͶ͹͸΁ͪ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͪΒͪΔ; tͅͳͽ ͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ; ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͽͻͰ͸;ͽͪ͵ ͳͶͳ
ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ;Ͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͬ͹Βͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͪΒ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰ
ͼͰͫͰi ̹ͰͶͪ ͼͽͻ
͊ͬͪ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͯͪͫͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹΁ͰͶͳ͸;ͳ͹ͯͻͱͪ͹ͼͰ͵ͪ͹΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͻͪ
ͳͷͪͽͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸;͵͹ͺ΂;͵͹Βͪͭͪͯͻͱͳ͸ͪ͹͵;ͺ;͋ͪ͵͹ͺ΂ͪͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͳͲ͵͹Βͳ ͽͻͪΒͰͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ
ΒͰ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ ΒͰͻ;ΔͰͷ;͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͬͰΕͳͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͬͰΕͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͪͫ;ͯ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽ͆ͪΒͬͰΕͪΒͰͳͶ;ͲͳΒͪͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳͯͪͼͰΓ;ͯͳͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳͷͪ;
͵͹Βͳͷͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳt͡;ͯͳ͸ͰͱͳͬͰͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳͼͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͷ
͇͸ͳ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ ͵ͪͶ͵;Ͷͳ΃; ͳ ͯͰͶ;Β; ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͯ͹͵ ͸Ͱ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽi ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͼͽͻ
͊Ͷ͹ͷͳ͵ͻͳͲͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹
ΒͰ̽ͳͻ͵Ͱͷ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;͵ͻͳͲ;;ͭͻ;ͺ͸ͳͷͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰ
ͽͳͷͪ ;͵ͻͪΒΔ͹ΒͶͳ͸ͳΒͳ ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͼ;ͳ΁ͳͯ͸ͳͷͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ
ͷͪͷͰΌ; ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪͽͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͯ͹ͯͪͶͳͫͳͼͷ͹– ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ΒͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͽ͹ͷͰΒͰ
ͬͻͶ͹͸ͪͯͪ΀͸;ͽ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͳ̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ ;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͭ;ͫΓͰΔͪͽͪ΂͵Ͱ ͹ͼͶ͹͸΁ͪ ΒͰͻ
t΂ͳͷͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹-ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͵͹ͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪ ͳͱͳͬͳͼͰ ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪͺͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪͳ
͵;͵ͪͬͳ΂͵ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪͼͰΓ;ͯͳ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰͻͪͯͳͼͺͪͼͰΔͪͼͽ͹ͷͪ͵ͪ– ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰ ;
ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͪͽͳ͋͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ͵ͻͪΒͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͵ͻͪΒͪi ̽͹ͼͽ͹
ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ

̿ͳͬͳͷ͹ ; ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͫͰͲ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; tͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪi ̹ͪ;ͷB͸

͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͽͪ͵ͬͳͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪ ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ
͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺ;͵͹ͭͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͭ͹Ͷ͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳ

̸̸͈͉͚͇̺̾͋͆̾̈́̓́ͣͅͅ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͯͪΓͰͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͰͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ͊ͻͫͪ...
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ́Ͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͭͰͽ͹ͼͪ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳͲ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͺͻͰͷͪ
ͼͬͰͷ;΃ͽ͹ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽ ͳͲͻͪͼͽͪͪͻ΀Ͱͽͳͺͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͊ͽ͹
ͭͪΒͰͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭͽͻͪΒͪΔͪͳ͹ͺͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷͰΓ;
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪͻ͹͇ͯͪͬͪΒͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ΂ͳΒͰ ͼͰ ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ;ͳͯͰΒͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͸ͪ
͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͹ΒͰ͠͹ͬͪ͸͊͵ͰͻͶͳΕt͆͹ͬͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͬͰͻ;;ͼͰͫͰ ͹ͼͶͪΔͪΔͰ
͸ͪͼͬ͹Β;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ; ͹ͽ͵ͪͲͼͬͰͷ;ͼ;ͱͪΔͼ͵͹ͷ;ͳ;ͼͰͫͳͳ͹͵͹ͼͰͫͰ ͺ͹;ͲͯͪΔͰ;ͼͽͪͻ;ͳͬͰ΂͸;
ͳͼͽͳ͸;ͯͪ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͷͪͼͪͷ͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ;ͲͷͰi ͊͵ͰͻͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͷͳͼͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͼͬ͹Β;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;Δ͹Βͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯΒͰ ͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͽͳ͹͸͹ͭ ΂ͪͼͪ͵ͪͯ ΒͰ ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͳͯͰΒͳ
ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬΓͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪͶͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͼͪͲͳͯͪ͹ͽͰͷͰΓͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͋ͳͷͰͼͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͲͳ͹;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͺ͹Βͪͷͯ͹ͫͳ͹;
͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͹΂Ͱͷ;;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳ͉ͪͯ͹ͬͪ͸͊ͪͷͪͻΘͳΕ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳt͊ͻͫͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͻͬͳ΀
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ;͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͶͳͼͬ͹Β;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͬͰͼͽi ͊ͪͷͪͻΘͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͇ͬ; ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͳ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵̾͸ͽ͹͸ͳ͊ͷͳͽ
͵͹Βͳ;͵ΔͳͲͳ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ
ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͲͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪͷ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲͯͪΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ͹ͯ
97*** ͬͰ͵ͪ ͪ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͉;ͼͰ ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͰͳ͊ͻͫͰ͇ͬ; ͽͰͲ;ͺͻͰ;Ͳͳͷͪ̾ͻͳ͵ ͎͹ͫͼͫͪ;ͷͳ
ͯ͹ͯͪΒͰͯͪΒͰ͵͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͽ͹;͹΂Γͳͬ͹;͵ͻͳͶ;΁ͻ͵ͬͰ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;͊ͻͫͳ
ͷͰΌ;ͺͻͬͳͷͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͳͷͪͶͳΒͪͼ͸͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸;ͳͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͬͰͼͽ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͬͰΕͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ́Ͳͬ͹ͻͳͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͊ͻͫͪͼ;
ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͲͪͬͰͽ
̸̺͇̺͊̾͋͊̾͡–̸͎͇̺͍͉͉͈̽͌͆́̾̾͆͋͊͊̓̾͆ͅ͏̸͇̺́͆̈́͆̾͊̾͊͋́
͆Ͱͷͪ ͼ;ͷΔͰ ͯͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͫͰͲ
͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͼ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͻͰΕͰ ͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳͶͳ ͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͯͻ;ͭͰ

ͷ͹ͻͪ ͯͪ ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬΓͪ Ϳ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹Β͹Β ΒͰ ͽͪ
ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲ͸ͳ͵Ͷ̹ͪͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ͊ͻͫͳ͸;ͼͰͫͳ͸͹ͼͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͲͪͬͰͽ
t͋͹ΒͰ͹͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͪͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͪͷ;ΒͰͯͪͶͪ͵ͻͳͶͪͯͪͼͰ
;ͽͰ΃͵ͳͷͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ Ͳͫ͹ͭ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ;ͲͰͶͳͯͪͷ;ͽͪ ͵ͻͳͶͪͶ͹ͷͰͳͼͺ;ͽͪͬͪΒ; ͵͹Βͪͷ;
͸ͪΒͲͪͯ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͲͭͻ͹ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭ͹͵;ͺΓͪΔͪͯͪͺͻͰͱͳͬͳi ͊ͪͷͪͻΘͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͊ͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬΓͰΒͰͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͯ͹ͭͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪͬͰͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪͯ͹ͷ Γ;ͫͪͬΓ; ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͊ͻͫͳ
Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͵͸ͰͲ; ̈́ͪͲͪͻ; ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ΀Ͱͻ͹ͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͳ ͱͻͽͬ͹ͷ Ͳͪ ΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͸ͰͫͰͼ͵͹ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ Ͳͪͼͬͪͭͯͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͬͻ΀͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͻͪͼͶ͹;ͼͪͷ;ͫͳͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͫͳΕͪͳͼͬͰͼͽͳͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͊ͻͫͳͼ;ͺͻͳͷͪΔͰͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͹̻ͯͻ͵ͪ
;΃Ͷͳ;ͻͰͯ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͪͶͳͼ;;ͼͺͰͶͳͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ;ͳͼͬ͹Β;ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬΓͰ

͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͬͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ Ͱͽͳ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ ΒͰ ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔͪͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱ
ͳͯͰΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ

͌ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ;;͵;ͺ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΂ͬ͹ͻͳ΃͸ͪͽͪ΂͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͼͽ͹Βͳ
Ͱͺͼ͵ͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͫ͹Βͪ ͸ͪΒͯͻͪͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪt̀ͪͳͼͽͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͰ
͸ͪΒͯ;ͫΓͰΒͰ;ͼͰ΂Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͻͽͪ͵͹Βͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͊ͻ̸ͫͪ͵͹ͼͰͽ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹
ͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ;ͽͪ΀ͽͰͶ͹ ͳͲΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳͼͳͶ͹ͷͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͺͻͰͯͪΔͰ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͽ͹͸ͰΕͰͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͫͳͽͳͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹͇ͯ͸ΕͰ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͫ͹ͭͪΓ͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͪΒͰ͵͹ͻͰΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼ
ͽͳͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͻͪͼͺͶͳΕ;ΕͳͼͰ ;ͻͪͼͶ͹;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͽͶͰ ͯͪΕͰ ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͪΒͯ;ͫΓͰͭͺͻͰ͹ͻͪͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪ
ͱͳͶͳ΁ͪ ͳͺͪ͵ ͸ͪͯͱͳͬͰͽͳ ͳ ͽ͹ ͺ͹ͽ͹ΔͰ ͲͶ͹ ͳ ͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͽͳ ͸͹ͬͰ ͳͲͯͪ͸͵Ͱi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͌ ͼͬ͹ͷ
͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔ;͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;Ͳͪ͏ͪͻͼͽͬ͹͸ͰͫͰͼ͵͹ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳΒͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͼͺ͹Γͳ͹ͼͬ͹Β΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ
Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽt̺ͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵;ͶͽΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͺͻͳͷͰͻͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͰͿ;͵΁ͳΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͼͪͷ͹ͳͼ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͪ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹Ϳͪͷ͹ͭͶͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͭͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͪ
ͻͰͪͭͳͻͪΔͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͳͽͪ͵ͪͬͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸ͳ͵;Ͷͽ̹ͰͲͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂ͪ ͫͰͲͿ͹ͻͷͰͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹
ΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͰ ΂;ͯͪ͸͵;Ͷͽ ͼͷͻͽͳͳͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ ͪͶͳͼͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵͹ͷͲͪ͸͹ͬͳ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ̓;Ͷͽͼͷͻͽͳ;ͳͷͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͶͰͭͰ͸ͯͪ͵͹Β͹ͷΒͰ͹ͫͪͬͳΒͰ͸ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ
ͳͶͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳͳͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͯͰͽͪΓͳͷͪͳ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͯ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ΀ͻͳͼͽͳΒͪͯͪi
̽ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͪΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪͳͫͻͳͱΓͳͬ͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͶͪ
̺ͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵;ͶͰͭͰ͸ͯ; ΂ͳͷͰΒͰͳ;͸ͪΒͽͰͱͰͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;Ͳͪͼͻͺͼͽͬ͹ ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;ͫͰͲͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪͶͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͿ;͵΁ͳΒͰͳ΂;ͬͪͶͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼ
ͽͬ͹͊ͻͫͪt͉ͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͳ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹ͼͽ͆ͰͷͪΔͳΕͪͫͳͶͪΒͰ;ͳͼͽͳͷͪ΀ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ̓ͳ΂ͷͪ
ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͪΒͰ;ͽ͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β΁ͻ͵ͬͳ ͳ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ;ͼͽͳͭͶͪͽ;ͻͼ͵ͪ͵ͪͽͪ
ͼͽͻ͹Ϳͪ͌Ͳ͸ͪΒͽͰͱͰ͵ͻͳͲͰ ;͵ͳͯͪΔͰ͈ͰΕ͵ͰͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΃ͳΒͰ ͼͰ͹ͫͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͼͪͼͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͷ
ͽͪ΁ͻ͵
ͬͪΒͰͺͻͰͱͳͬͰͶͪͳ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͬͰ͵ͪͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͭͻ͹ͺͼͽͬͪi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͽ͹ΒͰΒ͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳͯ͹͵ͪͲͯͪͼͻͺͼͽͬ͹ͳͫͰͲͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͪͬͰͻ͹ͷ ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͌͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;– ͼͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷ ͪͶͳ ͫͰͲ ͬͰͻͰ – ͼͻͺͼͽͬ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͺ;ͽ; ͲͪͽͳͻͪΔͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͵ͪͱͰ ͬͶͪͯͳ͵ͪ
͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒt͆Ͱͫͳ͹ͽͳ͊ͻͫͳ͸ͫͰͲͬͰͻͰ͹ͻͽͪ͵i
͋ͪ΂͵ͪ͹ͼͶ͹͸΁ͪ ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ΔͪͽͰͷͪ Ͱͼ΀ͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͽͻͪΒͪΔͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹-ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪΔͪ͊ͻͫͪ
͵ͻ͹ͲͬͰ͵͹ͬͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΒͰͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬΓͰ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹͊ͪͬͳ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ͪͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹
ͻͰ͸͹̺ͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͲͪͬͰͽ͹ͷͳͬͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͰͽͳ͵͹ͷ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͵͹ΒͪͱͰͶͳͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪͫ;ͯ;
Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ;ͽ͸ͳΒͪͼͶͳ͵ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽΒͰ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͼͽ͹
ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹͠Ͱͻ ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͅͳͶ͹΃͚;ͻͳΕt̺ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͷͰͻͳͽͳͺͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ
͵͹Ͷͳ͵;ΒͰͺ͹ͫͰͯ;ͳͲͬ͹ΒͰͬͪͶ͹;Δ͹Β͸ͰͫͰͼ͵͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹͸ͪͯͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵ͳͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͻͪͲ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;
ͼͰͯ;΃ͪͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͶͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯΒͰͳͲͺͪͯͪͼͬ͹ͭͪ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳͲͷ;΂ͳ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͰ
͹ͫͪͼΒͪ͸͹ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͳͷͼΒͪΒͰͷ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͻͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷ͆ͪͻͪͲͬͪͶͳ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͻͰΕͰ
ͺ͹͸ͳ͵ͶͪΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͫ͹ͱ;ͻ΁ͻͬͰ͸ͪͬͰͻͪ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ́Ͳͭ͹ͻͳͬͪͬͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͪͫ͹ͶͪͳͲͫͳΒͪ͹ΒͰͺͶͪͷͰ͸
ͬͰͻͰ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͬͪͼ͵ͻͼͰΔͰ́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͽͪΘͫͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͶͪ ͸ͰͼͷͰͯ;΃ͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͳ̽͹͵ͫ;ͯͰͬͰͻͰͳ
ͯ;΃Ͱ ͫͳΕͰͳ͹ͽͪΘͫͳ͸Ͱi ͚;ͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽ͬͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸ͳΒͪͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͪͳͷͺ;Ͷͼͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰΒͰͼ;tͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬͼ͵ͪͳͯͰΒͪ-ͼͳͶͪͳͬͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳͯͰΒͪ-ͼͳͶͪi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̺ͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ͲͪͬͰͽ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͼͰ ; ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ; ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ ΒͰ ͿͰͻͷͰ͸ͽ
ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͲͪͬͰͽ ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷ΀Ͱͯ͹͸ͳͲͷ; Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͹ͯͻͳ΁ͪΔͰͳ

ͺ͹ͯͬͳͭ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͹͸Ͳͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͱͻͽͬ;ͲͪͫͶͳͱΔͰͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷͯͪΒͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ;͹ͯ͸͹
ͼ;͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹.
̸̸̸̸͉̹͎͇̺͇̻̺͉̹̀́̾̽͌͆̾̽́͆͊͋͊͢͠͠–̸̸̸̸̸͈͇̺̻͇̻͉̽͌͋͢͠͠
̺Ͱ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͵ͪͯͪ͊ͻͫͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͲͪͼͰͫͰ ̺ͪͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͬ͹ͯͰͫ͹ͻͫ;ͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͳ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͺͻͪ
ͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͷͳ΀ΒͰͲͪͬͰͽ͹ͬͪ͹͊ͬͰͽͳ͊ͪͬͪ̽͹ͫͻ͹ͺͻ͹;΂ͳͬ΃ͳ͊ͻͫͰ ͹͸ͳͼ;ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ
ͯͪΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͯͪͼͰ͊ͻͫͳͷͪtͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͲͪͬͻͪͽiͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼͽͳ
͊ͻͫͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸;ͯͪͲ͸ͪΒ;͵͹ͼ; ΃ͽͪͼ; ͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰͼ;ͳ͵;ͯͪͳͯ;͋ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͳ;Ͳ
ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͼͪͷͳ΀͊ͻͫͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͻͪͯͰ;t͵͹ͻͳͼͽͼͬ͹ΒͰ΃ͽͰͽͰi ͉ͪΒͼ
ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͳͼ;ͯ͹͸ͳͲͪͯͳͼ͵͹͸
ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͵ͳͯͪͶͪ͸ͳͽͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͪͬͪ
͈ͻͬͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͳͺ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪͽͻͪͭͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͪ͊ͻͫͳͼ;ͯ͹ͱͳ
ͬͰͶͳͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͷͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͶͪͷͪ;ͬͳͯ;͋;ͻͼ͵ͰͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;ͳͺͻ͹ͺͪ΃Ε;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯ
Δ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͇ͬͯͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͪ ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ͯͪ
ͼͺͻͰ΂Ͱͽ;͸ͪΒͰͲͯ;͋͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ͳ͹ͺͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͫͰͲͯͻͱͪͬͰͪͶͳͼͪͬͰͻ͹ͷ Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ
ͼ;ͳ͸ͪͻ;΃ͳͶͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͲͶͰͽͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͰͿͰ;ͯͪͶ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͪͼͰ͵ͪͬ΃ͳͼͻͺͼ͵;ͪͻͳͼ
ͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵;ͰͶͳͽ; ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ͈ͪ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͫͻ;ͽͪͶ
͸͹ͼͽͳͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼͬͪΒͪ΂ͪ ͫͳͶͰͼ; ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͰͼͰ͹ͫͰ͵ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;ͳͼͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵;ͳͼͰͬͰͻ͹
Ͳͪͺͪͯ; ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰ– ͸;ͱͪ͸ͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵;ͳͼͶͪͷ͋͹ΒͰͳͷͪͶ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͼͽͪͻͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳΒ͹΃ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΕͰͼͰ ͺͻͰͶ͹ͷ ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ
͊ͻͫͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͽͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͵ͻͰͷͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͼͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀͹ͷ ͼͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͷ
Ͳͪ͸ͪͽͶͳΒͪͷͪ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͳ ͽͻͭ͹ͬ΁ͳͷͪ ͳͲ ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͊ͽͪͻͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͭͯͰ ΒͰ ͳ ͺ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸
ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͊ͻͫͪ ͼͰͶͳ;͊ͻͰͯΔ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ;͈͹ͯ;͸ͪͬΓͰ́ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͷ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ͊ͻͺ
ͼ͵͹Βͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹Β΁ͻ͵ͬͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͻͳͱΓͳͬ͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͶͪͳ΂;ͬͪͶͪͬͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵;Ͷͽͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͰͶͳͷͳ
΂͸͹ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͶͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹͊ͻͫͪ ͳͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ͪͶ͸͹ͷͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽ; ;ͼͰ͹ͼ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸
ͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͷͪ ͹΂;ͬͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͊ͻͫͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ͺ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ ;ͯͪΓͳͶͳ ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͼͻͰͯΔͰͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͋Ͱ΃͵ͳ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͯ
͋;ͻ΁ͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͺ͹ͼͬͪ͵;΁Ͱ͸;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͶͳͼ;Β͹΃ ΒͰͯͪ͸͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͽ;ͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;– tͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽi ͹͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͳͼͪ͹͏ͬͳΒͳΕ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͼͽͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͶ;
΃͸ͳ΂͵ͰͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͽͻͺΓͰΔͰͳͷͳͷͳ͵ͻͳΒͪ;͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͶͳͼ;ͼͰ;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹Βͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ͊ͻͫͪ
͵ͪ͹͸;ͱ͸͹ͲͶ͹ͳ͹ͺͼͽͪͶͳͳͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭ ΃ͽ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͶͳ͵ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ
ͽ͹ΒͰΒ͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸ͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ
̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪΒ͹ͯͶ;΂͸ͳΒͰͳ͸ͪΒͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔ; ͊ͻͫͳͼ;ͳͺͻͬͳ
͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͲͪͺͪͶͳͶͳͺͶͪͷͰ͸ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ́͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͆Ͱͷ΁ͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ͸ͳͼ;ͳ͸ͰΕͰͲͪͫ͹ͻͪ
ͬͳͽͳ ͳ ;ͬͰ͵ ΕͰ ͵ͻͳͬͳͽͳ ͊ͻͫͰ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽ ͎ͪͲͫ;ͻ΃͵͹ͭ ͳ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹ͭ ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳͼͽ͹ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ
͊ͻͫͳͷͪ͸ͰΕͰ͸ͳ͋;ͻ΁ͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽͳͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽ͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽ͇ͬͪͫ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Β;
ͼ;ͺ͹ͬͰͶͳͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͻͰͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͳͼͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͸ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸ͳͪͶͳͼͬͰͽ͹
ͼͪͬͼ͵͹ͷ ͳͯͰΒ͹ͷ Ͳͪͯ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ Γ;ͯͳ ;ͯͪͻͰ͸ͳ ͼ; ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ ͽͰͷͰΓͳ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰΕ ͳ
ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰΔͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ ̺;͵͹ͬͪ ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪ ͺͳͼͷͪ ͸Ͱ ;ͶͪͲͰΕͳ ;

ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬ;͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͭͺͳͼͷͪ ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪͶͪͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͼͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ ͽͰΒͰ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ͭͻ;΃ͳͶͪ΂͵͹ͭͯͰͶ͹
ͬͪΔͪͯ͹ͬͰͶͪͯ͹;͵ͳͯͪΔͪͫ͹ͭ͹ͼͶ;ͱͰΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹͸ͪͼ
͹ͯͬ͹ΒͳͶͪ͹ͯ͸ͪ΃ͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͬͰͻ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͫͻͪΕͰ͉;ͼͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵ΒͰͫͳͽͪ͵ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ͽͬͻͯͳ͎ͪΒͯͰͭͰͻ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳͶͪͳͼͽͪͶ͸ͪͱͰΓ̸ͪ;ͼͽͻ͹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͪͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ
Ͳ͸ͪ ͯͪΒͰͫͰͲͷͪΒ͵Ͱ͉;ͼͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͶͪ͵ͺͶͰ͸
̽͹ͼͳͽͰΒΒͰͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭ͊ͪͬͰ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͻͰ͵ͪ͹;ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳ͹ͽͳ΃ͪ͹;
ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻ ͳͲͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪͺ͹ͫͰͭͪ͹;ͼͬͰͽ ͺ͹ͭͪͲͳͬ΃ͳͷ͹͸ͪ΃͵ͳͲͪͬͰͽͯͪͽ̹͹ͭ;͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͳͺͶ͹ͯ͹ͬͳ
ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͭͰͼͽͪͳͫͰͲͫ͹ͱ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ ͫͳΕͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͳͺͶ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭ
͊ͪͬͰ̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭ͊ͪͬͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͻͳͱ͸͹΂;ͬͪ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ̽͹ͼͳͽͰΒͼͰͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͼͷͰͬͪ͹͋͹ ΒͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͭͰ͸ͳΒͰ͢Ͱͭ͹΃ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳ͹ͳ
ͬͻͶ͹͹΃ͽͻ͹͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͹͢Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͼ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͻͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΂͵ͳ ΂ͳͼͽ͹ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͋ͪ͵ͪͬͽͳͺͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͶͳͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹͸ͪ
tͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͼͽͬ;iͯ͹ͼͳͽͰΒͰͬͼ͵͹-ͬ;͵͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰΒͰ͹ͺͳͼͪ͹͊ͬͰͽͳ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͻͰ͵ͪͬ΃ͳ
ͯͪΒͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͶͳͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ͹ͯͶͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͻͪͯͳ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͲ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͲͶͪͲͳͶͪͼͪ
t͵͹ͻͺ͹ͷͺͻͰͺ;͸͹ͷͬͻͶͳ͸ͪ ͪͼͪ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͰͬͻͪΕͪͶͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͼͪ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͷͺͻͰͺ;͸͹ͷͲͪͫͶ;ͯͪi
́ͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ͷͺͻͪ͵ͼ͹ͷͼͰ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͺͪͱΓͳͬ͹ͫͳͻͪΓ;ͯͰ͵͹ΒͰ΃͵͹Ͷ;ΒͰͳ͵͹ΒͰ
͵ͪ͹Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͽͰͬͻͪΕͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͯͪt;ͼͻͰΕ;Β;iͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͆ͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͬͪͬͳ΀ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸͈ͻͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹ͿͪͶ͸͹
ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͼͽͻͪͯͪͶͳ ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͫͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ;̺ͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͻͪͽ; ͹ͬͰ͸΂ͪ͸ͳͼͶͪͬ͹ͷ ͊ͻͫͳͺͻͪͬͰ ͸Ͱ
ͼͬ͹
Β͹ͷ͵ͻͳͬͳ΁͹ͷͷ͹ͱͯͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;ͭͻͰ΃͵;ͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷ ͠;ͭ͹
ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ̀ͪͻͪͯͷͳͻͪ;͵;ΕͳͳͼͽͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͪͷͺͪΔͰ͹͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳͲͷͪ ͊ͻͫͳͼ;ͼͰ
Ͷͪ͵͹͹ͯͻͳ΁ͪͶͳ͹ͯͼͻͺͼͽͬͪͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͳt͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͪͳͯͰΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͺ͹ͯͰͼͪ͸ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͲͪͻͪͼͻͫΓͪͬͪΔͰ Ͷͪ͵͹͹ͽͺͪͯͪΔͰ͹ͯͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪͳͼͽͪͫͶͪ ͪͶͳͳͫͻͲ͹;ͽͪͺͪΔͰ;͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͽ͵ͳͬ͹ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹ͳͷ;ͼ
Ͷͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹i ̓ͻͰͼͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ

́Ͳ͸͹ͬͪ ΕͰ Β͹΃ ͽͻͪͭͳ΂͸ͳΒͳ ͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ ͊ͻͫͳ ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͸ͪͺͪͯ͹ͷ ͎ͳͽͶͰͻ͹ͬͰ
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱͳ͵͹ͷͪͯͪΔͰͷ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ͹ͺͰͽͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪ͹ ͳͽ͹͸ͪΒͬͰ
ΕͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ͹ͯͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͰtͫͻͪΕͰi͌ͽ͹ͷ΂Ͱͽͬ͹ͻ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͷͻͪͽ; ;͵͹Βͳͼ;͊ͻͫͳͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;
Εͳ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸΁ͳͷͪͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳͷͪ;ͬ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ΕͰͫͳͽͳ͸ͪ΀;΃͵ͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͫ͹ͻͫ;ΒͰͯ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͬ΃ͳͼͰ͸ͪͺͪͻͽͳͲͪ͸Ͱͳ΂Ͱͽ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͪͽͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͳͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸͈ͪ͹ͫͰͯͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ;̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͽ;ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪΕͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;ͯ͹͸Ͱͽͳͽͻͪ
ͭͳ΂ͪ͸ͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͫͳΕ;͋ͪ͵͹
ΌͰ ͸ͪͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͰͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ͊ͻͫͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΕͰͽͻͪΒ͸͹͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͽͻͪͭ͸ͰͷͳͶ͹ͼͻͯ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪ
΂;͸ ͼ t͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͳͷ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͰͷi ͋ͳͽ͹ͬͳ΀ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ KͰ ͸ͳͷͪͶ͹ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͸ͪΒͻͰͬ͸͹ͼ͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪ;ͷ;ͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ͹;ͭͶͰͯ͸ͳͷͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰͪͶͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯ;΀ͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰͽ͹ͽͻͪͭͳ΂ͪ͸ͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͼ;
ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͰͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹;΂ͳΔͰ͸Ͱ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͪͶͪ͸͹ͬͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͫͳ͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸͊ͻͫͳͷͪ

ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;Εͳͼͽͪͻ;ͳͯͰΒ;t͊Ͷͪͫͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ– Βͪ͵ͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪi ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͼͬͰ
ͽ͹ͼͪͬͼ͵ͰͽͰͷͰΓͰͼͻͺͼͽ͇ͬͪͽ;ͯͪ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ; ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt΃ͽͪͼͳi ͊ͻͫͳ͸ ͷ͹ͻͪ
ͯͪ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪt͊ͻͫͳ͸ ͪͶͳ͸ͳͼͪͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬͪ΁i ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͼͻͪ΂;͸ͪͽ͹ͳ΃Ͷ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͰ
ͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͪ ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͊ͻͫͪ̓͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ̓͹ͷͳ͸
ͽͰͻ͸Ͱ͹͊ͻͫͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹;ͭΔͰͽͪ΂͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ;ͪͺͻͳͶ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͬ͹Όͼͽͬ͹̓͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ
ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ΒͰ ͯ͹ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ̾͵ͷͰ΂ͳΕ ͯͪ ΒͰ Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ tΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ͺ͹ͯ
;ͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷͯͪͼͰ;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͺͻͰͬͶͪͼͽͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͯͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪi ̾͵ͷͰ΂ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰ
ͽ͹ͳͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪͺ͹ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵;͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽ ͲͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;ͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ΁ͰͶͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷ͸͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵Ͱ3 ͳ
ͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔͰͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
̽ͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ; Ͳͫͳͻ͸͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ
ͯ;ͱͰ ͽͻͪΒͪͶͳ ͹ͯͷͳͻ͸͹ͭͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͭͭͻͪΌͰΔͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ͯ ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ
ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͪͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͷ;ͽͳͶͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵;ͼͬͰͼͽ ΂ͳͷͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͵͹ͶͰͫͪΔͰ͹͵͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ
ͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳ ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͺ;ͽͰͷ ͯͪΓͰ ̻͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ ͹ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͰͻͳͶͪ ͹;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͻͪͲͯ͹ͻͪ ̺ͪͼͳ
ͶͳΒͰ̓ͻͰͼͽͳΕ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ͪͶͳͳͺͪ͵ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͻͪΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͯ;ͭ͹͸ͳͼͷ͹
ͳͷͪͶͳ ͪ͸ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͰͶͳͽ;΂ͳΒͪͫͳͼͰͻͰ΂ͼͶ;΃ͪͶͪt̹ͪ΃Ͳͪͽ͹ͼͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ
͊ͻͫͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͳ ͽͻͰΕͳͷ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ΁ͳ ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳͷͅ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳ ͺͰͽͳͷͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸΁ͳ
ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͼͷ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ ΂Ͱͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͺͪͻͽͳͲͪ͸ͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳͳͪ͸ͽͳ͵͹ͷ;
͸ͳͼͽͳ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͳͷ͹͸ͪͻ΀ͳͼͽͳ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͪ΃ͳͳͪ͸ͽͳͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͪ΃ͳ ͽͰͳͼͽͳͳͪͽͰͳͼͽͳͳͽͪ͵͹
ͻͰͯ͹ͷ ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͭͶͰͯi ̓ͻͰͼͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽ͪͼͰ͊ͻͫͳͳͯͪΓͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳͲͶͰ΂ͳͶͳ͹ͯ͹ͺͪ͵Ͱͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳ
Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ ͳ ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳ͵ ̸͊͆͌ ̽ͻͪͭ͹ͼͶͪͬ ͅͳ΀ͪΒͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ
ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱtͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͽͻͳͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͰͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹΂ͳΔ;
ͼͪΒ;ͭ͹ Β; Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳi

̸̸̸̸͇͇͇̓͌͆́͊͋́́͆̽́̈́́͊͋́͆́͊͋̀̽͋̓͌͠ͅͅͅ
͈͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͼͺ͹Γͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͰ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ;ͲͲͯ;΃͸;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ
ͼ;ͼͰͯ;ͭ͹Ͳͪͽ;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵;ͼͺͻͰͷͪͶͳͳͯ͹΂Ͱ͵ͪͶͳΒͰ ͯͪͶ͹ΒͰͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͺͻͳͶͳ͵;͊ͻͫͳͷͪͯͪͼͰͬͻͪͽͰ
ͼͬ͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺ;ͽ;ͳͼͬ͹Βͳͷͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͷͪ͌͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͷͪͶͳͽͻͪͺͪͬ͹ͷ ͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ; ͼ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳͷͪͺͻͰͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͰ ͽͪΒͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ
ͳͷͪ͹ ͻͰͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ΃ͪ͸ͼͳ ̸Ͷͳ ͳ ͽͪ͵ͪͬ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ ΒͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳ͹ ͹ͺͪͼ͸ͳͷ ͳ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ ΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͪͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͬͰΕͳͻͪͼͻ
ͫΓͪͬͪΔͰͼͻͺͼͽͬͪͺ;ͽͰͷtͺͼͰ;ͯ͹ͷ͹ͻͿ͹ͲͰͼͬͰͼͽͳiͳͻͪͼ͵ͳͯͪͼͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ̀ͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ ͼͺ͹Γͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸Ͱͳ͹ͫ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͼ͸ͪͭͰ;ͬͳͯ;
3
͆ͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ; ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ΒͰ ͻͪͯͳ͹ ̹ͰΔͪͷͳ͸ ̓ͪͶͪΒ ͪ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳ͵ Ͳͪ ͹͵;ͺͳͻͪ͸;
̹͹ͼ͸; ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸; ͠͹ͼͳͺ ̹ͻ͹Ͳ ΒͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵; ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͯͪ ͫͳ ͼͪ ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷ ͷo͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͸ͪ
ͬͶͪͼͽ ͽ͹͵͹ͷͷͪ͸ͯͪͽ̺ͪ͹ΒͳͼͶͪͬͪ̓͹΃ͽ;͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͹ͺͰͽͫͳ͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͸ͪͲͳ̹ͬ͹΃Δͪ΁ͳ͠͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸ͯ͹͵ͪͲ͵͹͸ͽͳ
͸;ͳͽͰͽͪ

͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͊ͪͷ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͼͰ ͊ͻͫͳ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪͶͳ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ;ͽ͹ͺͳΒͰ ͪ ͬͰΕ ͳͷ ΒͰ ;Ͳ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸;
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵;͵ͪͷͺͪΔ;t͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͶͪͭͪΔͪi͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ;ͽ͹ͺͳΒͪ– Ͱͬͻ͹Ϳͪ͸ͪͽͳͲͪͷ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹
ΒͰ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸; ͳ ͰͶͳͽ͸; ͷͳͼͪ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ ͼͰ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͯͰΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͳͯͰΒͰͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͳΒͰͭͳ͸ͪΒ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲ͹
ͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͭͯͰͶͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ̓ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱͺ͹ͯͬ;΂Ͱ΁ͻͽͪͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͫͳͶͪ͸ͼΒͰͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ͸͋͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͻͰ͵ͪ͹
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹ͷͰͼͪͻ̽ͻ;ͭͰͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͰͻͼ͵ͰͫͻͳͭͪͯͰͳͺͰͼ͸ͳ͵͋ͪ͸ͪͼͳΒͰͅͶͪͯͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ
ͬΒ;;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱtͅͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͷ͹ͳͲͯͪͶͳͼͬ͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯi
͆ͪ͵͹͸tͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͰiͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͪͶͳΒ͹΃ͬͰΕͳͷͻͪͲ͹΂ͪͻͪΔͳͷͪ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͼ͹Β ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͲͪͷͰΔͰ͸ ΒͰ ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͸͹ͬͳͷ-ͼͽͪͻͳͷ ͼ͹ΒͰͷ ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ
ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͫͳͽ͸͹ ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͆ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ΁ͻͽͪ ͪ ͼͪͷͳͷ ͽͳͷ ͳ
͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹͹ͯͫͪ΁;Β;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯ;΀͹ͬ
͸͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͺ͹ͻ͹ΌͰΔ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;͇ͬͰͯͬͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ– ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪ
Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͼ;͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ͪ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͹͸ͳͼ;ͯͬͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͳͼͽ͹ͭͲͪͯͪͽ͹ͭ΁ͳΓͪ
– ͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ͊ͻͫͪ͋͹ͼͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͯͰͶͰͳͼͽ;ͪͬͰͻͲͳ
Β; ͺͻͰͷͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͋ͪ͵ͬͪ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
tͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͯ;ͭ͹ͭ ͽͻͪΒͪΔͪi ̹ͻ͹ͯͰͶ
͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͯ͹ ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͷͰͼͽͪ ͳ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ;Ͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͰ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ
ͅ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪtͰͶͳͽͪi͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪͺ;ͽͰͷ͹ͫͰͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸Ͱͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ
͸͹ͷͳ͸ͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͳ΃ͰͼͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͪͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂
͵Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳ̓ͻͪΒΔͳ΁ͳΓΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͯͪͼͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͲͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ
͸͹ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ; Δ͹Β ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͼ;ͷΔͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ ΒͰͻ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͳͼͽͳ΁ͳΓ– ͺ͹ͽͳͻͪΔͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
͇ͫͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳͷͪΒ;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵;ͳͰͶͳͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵;ͼ;΃
ͽͳ͸;͆͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͷͪͼͬͳͼ;ͼͰͶͳͼͽ͹ͷͳͼͺͳͶͳͶͳͳͲͳͼͽ͹ͭ΃ͳΔͰͶ͇ͪ͸ΒͰ
ͯ͹ͯ;΃Ͱ ͺͻͰ͵ͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͺ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͶ; ͪͶͳΒͰͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͳͼͽͪͬͰͻͪ;ͫ͹ͭ͹ͷͯͪ͸;ͷͳͼͳΒ;
ͪͬͪ͸ͭͪͻͯ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͪͼͪͯͪͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͪͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ;ͼͻͰΕ;Β;ͷͪͼͰ̓͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳͼ;͸ͪΒͺͻͰͳͲͪ΃ͶͳͼͪͽͰͲ͹ͷͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹͹ͯͻͰΕͳ
ͼͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͼͰͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽ͹ͷ͇ͬͪΒ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ
ͶͳͲͪͷͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ͹ͷͰΌ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳͷͪͳ΃ͳͻͳ͹ ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;ͼ͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷͯͪ
ͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰͪͶͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸;ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪͬΓ;ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͳͳͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ͸͹ͬͳͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͅ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳͳͲͶͪͲͰͼͽͰͲ͹ͷͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸͹͸ͳͱͪͼͬͰͼͽ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͺͻͳͬͳͯ
͸͹ ͬͳ΃͹ͷ ͼͬͰ΃Ε; ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͹ͬ; ͳͯͰΒ; ͯͪͬ͸͹ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͲͻͰ͹ ͈ͻ;ͯ͹͸ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ
ͼ͵͹ͬͪ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷ;t̓͹͵ͪͱͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͽͪΒ΀͹ΕͰͯͪ͹ͫͷͪ͸Ͱi ͑ͷͳͽ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͹ͼͰͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͯͻͱͪͬͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͅ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͰͶͳͽͳ ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͬ͹ͯͳ
ͻͪ΂;͸ͪ ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪΒ; ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ͌͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳͼ;ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ΒͬͰͲͳͳͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͼͬ͹Βͳ΀
ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͻͪ ͼͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͅͳͶͪ͸ ̹ͻͯͪͻ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ;
60
̺Ͷͪͯͳ̺͹ΒͳͼͶͪͬͪ̓͹΃ͽ;͸ͳ΁Ͱͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ͡ͳΓͪ͸Ͱ͐͹ͶͳΕ͌ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵Δͳ
Ͳͳ ͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ ͻͪͲ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͋ͻ͹ΒͰ ͹͸ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͺ͹ͼͽͺͰͽ͹͹͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͺͻͰͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;́ͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͹͸͵ͪͱͰt͉ͰͿ͹ͻ
ͷ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͹͚ͯͳ͸ΌͳΕͰͬͰ ̺ͶͪͯͰ ͺͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͸Ͱͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪ
͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪ΃ͬͪΒ͸ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ ͸Ͱͭ͹͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪ ͽ͹ͲͪͺͪͷͽͳͽͰ<w>͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͼͷ͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷ
;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰͯͪΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;i ̹ͻͯͪͻ ͼͽͻ

͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͹͸ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ΒͰͯ͸; ͭ͹ͻ͵; ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁; ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͹ͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͵ͪͱͰͯͪΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͼͬͰΒͰͯ͸͹͵͹;̺Ͷͪͯͳͯͻͱͳͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ; ΒͰͻtͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͳͶͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ
ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ͵ͪ;ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͯ͹ΌͰ;Ͳͭͻͪͯ;ͺͻͰ͵͹ͺ;ͽͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͰͫͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵Ͱ
ͭͯͰΒͰͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͰ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵Ͱ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͳͲ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹
ͬͳͯͰ͹–ͫͳͷͪi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̽ͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͽͪ΂͸ͳͷ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ ͳ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ
͡ͳΓͪ͸ͪ͐͹ͶͳΕ͵ͪ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͪͯͪ͹ͽͺ;ͼͽͳΓ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͳ͹ͺͻͰͽ΀͹
ͯ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͳͬͰͻ͸ͳͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵́ͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ ̻ͪ΃͹̓͸ͰͱͰͬͳΕ ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͶͪ
΂ͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵ͰΒͰͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͽ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ ΒͰͻͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͫͳͶͳΓ;ͯͳ;ͼͶ;ͱͫͳͳͷͺͰͻͳ
ΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ tͷͰ͵͹ͭi ͹͵;ͺͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͳ ;ͫͻͲ͹ ͼ; ͳ ͡ͳΓͪ͸ͪ ͐͹ͶͳΕ ͵ͪ͹ ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻ ͳ ͅͳͶͪ͸ ̹ͻͯͪͻ ͵ͪ͹
ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ ͼͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͼͽͳ΀Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ
ͅ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͷ;ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ
Ͳͷ; ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳͯͪ͹͸ͳͭ;΃ͰͶͳ΂͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͈ͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͪͷΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ͹ͫͪͬͰ
Ͳͪ͵͹Βͪͼͺ;ͽͪͬͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͳͯͰ;t͵͹ͻͳͼͽͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ΃ͽͰͽͰiͬͳͯͳͼͰͳ;͸ͪͼ
ͽ͹ΒͪΔ;ͯͪ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͱ;͊ͻͫͰ͸ͪΒ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳΒͳͷͲͪͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ–͇ͽ͹ͷͰ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͪͽ͹;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ;͵ΔͳͲͳ͈͹ͼͽͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ;͵͹Β͹Β͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ tͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ ͼͽͪͻͪͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹i tͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱi ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͸ͪͯ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͷt̽ͻ;ͭͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪi ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ
͸; ͵ͻͳͬͳ΁; Ͳͪ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ ͼ ͵ͻͪΒͪ ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͇͸ͳ tͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͻͫͳΒͪ͸΁ͳi

ͺ͹ͶͪͲͰ͹ͯͽͰͲͰͯͪͼ;͊ͻͫͳͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷͭͶͪͼͪͶͳͲͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ ͪ͹͸ΒͰͺͪ͵ͳͲͪͲͬͪ͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͰͳ͸ͪͻͰͯͳ͹
ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸Ͱ̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͼͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͽͰͼ;ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͰΕ;ͽ͵ͰͽͻͺͰͶͳ ͳͶͳ΂ͪ͵ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͳ͊ͽ͹
ͭͪ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;Β;tͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵ͳiͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷͪ΃ͽͪͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͽ;ΌͳͷͲͶ͹ͯͰͶͳͷ͇ͪ͸ͪ
ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͼͰ;ͼͻͰͯͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ͹͵ͪΒͪͬͪΔͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳ΀ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͪt͉ͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͹͸ͪ͵ͪͬ
͵ͪ͵ͪͬͽͻͪͱͳͻͪͽ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳ͵ͪ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ
Ͷͪ <>ͯ͹͵ΕͰͯͻ;ͭͪͭͻ;ͺͪͫͳͽͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹i ͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸͹
ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͻͪͽͪ ; ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ Ͳͪ tͯͻ;ͭ; ͊ͻͫͳΒ;i ΕͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹
̺;͵͹ͬͪͻͳͶͳ̽;ͫͻ͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ ͪͶͳ͸ͰͳͪͅͼͶͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͶͳ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ͊Ͷͪͬ͹͸ͳΒͪ͊ͻͫͳΕͰͫͳͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͲͶ͹
΂ͳ͸΁ͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͱͻͽͬͰ
̽ͪͺͻͳ΂ͪ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β͵ͻͳͬͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬͪ ͳͯͪ͸ͪͽ͹Βͺͻͳ΂ͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹;͹΂ͳͽͳ
ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͅͳͶ͹̈́͹ͷͺͪͻt͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ
͸͹ ͷͳͽͰͶͰ;ͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪͺͻͳ΂ͪ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͻͫͪͲͪͳͲͫͳΒͪΔͰ͈ͻͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ͵͹ͷͳ͸
ͽͰͻ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͪͺͻͳ΂ͪ͹͊ͻͫͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳͷͪͳͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͬͳ΀͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;ͬͰͻͼͪΒͼ͵͹Β
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͺͪ ͽͳͽ͹ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͺͻͳ΂ͪ ͹ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ; ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒ͹ͺͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ Ͳͪͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ;
͊ͻͫͳ͸ͪΒͫͻ͹Β͸ͳΒͳi ̈́͹ͷͺͪͻ ͼͽͻ–
͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;̈́͹ͷͺͪͻͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ
61
ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͹ͯͺͰͻΒͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ̹͹ͻͰͣ͹ͼͳΕͪ ͵͹Βͳ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͵ͪ͹͹
tͺͻ͹͵ͶͰͽ͹Β ͲͰͷΓͳi ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ tͷͰΌ; ͸ͪΒͲͬͰͻͼ͵ͳΒͳͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼi ͺͻͰͷͪ ̈́͹ͷͺͪͻ ͼͽͻ

͊ͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ ͪͶͳͭͰͼͽ͵͹ΒͳͳEFGBDUP ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͳͯ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ͹͵͹ΒͰͷͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹ ΒͰͼͽͰ
Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͺ͹ͽͺͳͼ̹͹ͻͳͼͪ͋ͪͯͳΕͪͳ́ͬͳ΁Ͱ̽ͪ΂ͳΕͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪͶͳ
̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒ;͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔ;͈͹ͷͳͻͳͶͳͼ;ͼͰͽͲͬͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ ͸Ͱ͹-
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ
4͋͹ΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ͺ;ͽͯͪͳͷ͸͹ͭͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͼͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͼ͵͹ͷ
͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔ;ͫͳͶͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͷ͹͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒ; ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;ͺ͹ͷ͸͹ͭ͹΂Ͱͷ;
ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ ͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͰ͵Ͷͳ ͳͲ ͊ͪͬͰͲͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪ ͯ͹ ͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͭ
ͼͺ͹Βͪ ͼ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͪͷͪ ͫͳͶͳ ͼ; ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͯ͹Β;΂Ͱͻͪ΃Δͳͷ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳͷͪ
ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳͷͪ– ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳͷͪ͌͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ
Ͷͳͼͽͳͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ͹ͯͻͰ
͵Ͷͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ
͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͪΒͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͳ; ͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͻͳ΁ͪΔ; ͸ͪͺ;ͽ;͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ ͼͪͷ͹ͳͼͽͻͰͫΓͰΔͪͳ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ
͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕ͹ΒΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͼ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ;͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳͷ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͐ͰͶ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ t͸Ͱͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͹ ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΒ;
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͳͻͰͱͳͻͪΒ;t΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͿͪͻͼͰi ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ͹ͺͽ;ͱ;Β;͊ͻͫͰͲͪ͸Ͱ͹Ϳͪ΃ͳͲͪͷ ͪ͸ͽͳͼͰͷͳ
ͽͳͲͪͷ ͪ͸ͽͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͲͪͷ ͪ͸ͽͳͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͳͪ͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ͊ͪͷ͹͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͼͪͷ͹͹ͺͽ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰ
ͳͻͪͼͻͫΓͪͬͪΔͰ ͺ
͹ͼͽͪͶͳͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁
̸̸̓̀̓͌͐̓͌͡–͎͇̺͇̺͇̽͌͆̾̽́͆͊͋́͠ ́̈́́
̸͆͏̸̸͇́͆̈́͆
̸͇͉͇̽̾̀́̾͆͋́͊͆͊͋͠
͊ͪtͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷiͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͪ;ͽͰ͸
ͽͳ΂͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͊ͬͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͼͰͲͪͻͰͽͻ͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹
͸ͪͲͪͯ͸͹ͳͲͪͷͰΔ;ΒͰͼͰ͵ͬͪͲͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͽͲͬ͸Ͱ͹Ϳ͹Ͷ͵͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷ ͵͹Β͹ͷ
ͼͰͬͻ΃ͳtͺͼͰ;ͯ͹ͷ͹ͻͿ͹Ͳͪiͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳͳ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͫͳΕ; ͻͪͲͭͻͪΌ;
ΒͰͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹͇ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ
͹ͬͰ͸͹ͬ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ͡;ͫͳ͸͵͹ͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬ
ΓͰͬͳΕͺͳ΃Ͱt͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͬͰͯͬͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹;ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͬͰͳ͸Ͱͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹
ͼͽͳͯͻ;ͭͰ ͸ͳͽͳ;͸ͳͬ͹;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰΕΒͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ;ͽ͹ͷͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β
ͳ΃΂ͰͲͪͬͪΒ;Ε͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͼͰΓͪ͵ͫͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΁ ͪ͵ͽͰͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͳ͹͸ͼͪͷ͹͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͽ ͺ;͵ͳͺͻͳͷͪͶͪ΁ ͵ͬͪͲͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͯͻ;ͭͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹
ͽͬ͹ͻͰͺ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ;͵;ͼ;i ͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͲͪͺ;΃ͽͰ
͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;͸ͪͲͪͯ ͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͽ;ΌͰΔͪ ͪͶ͵͹΀͹ͶͳͲͪͷ
4
͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͪͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͪͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ΁ͳΓͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͶͰͯͰΒͰͼͽͰ ͳ̀ͪ͵͹͸͹Ͷ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯ͹͸ͰͼͰ͸, ͪͺͻͰͼͽͪ͹ͯͪͬͪͱͳ ͪͯͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͳ͵͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͲͪ͵͹͸;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͳͻͪ͸̓ͪ͵͹͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͌ͻ͹΃͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭΒͰͽͪΒ΃ͽ͹ͼ;tͳͲ͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ
͈͊͊-ͪͳͲͯ͹ͫͪ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ;ͬͻ΀͹ͬͳͷͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ͹͸ͳ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳ-
ͽͼͽͬ͹ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ͈͊͊͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪ;ͼͺͰ͹ͯͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Βͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳͷ͹ͱͯͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͽ͹Β
͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͳͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ΀ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ΁ͪi ͼͽͻ
͇ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͳͻͰ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷͻͪͯ;
62
ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹΁͵ͪΔͰ ͸ͪͻ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͳΒͪ
;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͫͰͲͼͷͳͼͶͪ͊ͬͰΒͰͷͪΔͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͪ
ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͼ;ͻ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͽͰ΀͸͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ΕͰ;͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ
̽;ͭͪΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪΔͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β
ͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬ; ͳ ͻͪͼͳͺͪΔ; ̀ͪͻͪͯ ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ;ͽ͹ͺͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ Ͷͪ͵͹ ͼͷ͹
ͺͪͯͪͶͳͺ͹ͯͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͽ;Όͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ΃ͽ͹͸ͪͼΒͰͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹͵ͪͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͷ͹
ͼͬͰͷͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͳͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͲͰͶͳͽͳͲͷ͹ͷ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͬͰ
͸ͳΒͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͻͳͷͼ͵ͳͷ ΀ͪͫͲͫ;ͻ΃͵ͳͷ ͪ͸ͽͳͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ
ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺ;ͽ;ͼͬͰ
ͷͪΔͰͲ͸ͪͷ͹͵;ͯͪͳͯͰͷ͹ ͵͹ͼ;͸ͪͷͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳ ͪ͵͹͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳ͈͹ͭͻͰ΃͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͰ
ͫͰͲΒͪͼ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱͼ;ͫͳͶͰ;ͼͶ;ͱͫͳͪͭͻͰͼ͹ͻͪ ͽͪΔͳͶͰͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͪͫ͹ͻ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ;ͲͳͷͪͶͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ;̽͹ͫͻͳ΁ͪͣ͹ͼͳΕ ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͳͼͪ΁ͪ t͹ͽͪ΁
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͪͶͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͼͪͷͺͻͳ͵ͻͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺͪ͹͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;ΕͳΒ͹΃ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͫͰͲͬͰͻͰͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͺͻͰͯ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͼͬͳ
ͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹t͌΃ͽͪͼͷ͹ͼͬͰ;ͽͻ͹΃ͳͶͳ99ͬͰ͵iͳt͑ͽͪͼͬͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷ͹ͳ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͷ͹
ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͯͪ͵ͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸Ͱͷ͹;99*ͬͰ͵;i ͣ͹ͼͳΕ

͆ͪͯͰͶ;ΒͰͼͪͯͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͊ͻͫͪ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͽͻͰͫͪͼͶ͹ͷͳͽͳͯ;΀͹ͽͺ͹
ͻͪͳ͊ͻͫͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ;ͺ͹ͼͶ;΃͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱt͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ
ͼͰ Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬΓͪ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΀ͪͫͳͽ;ͼͪ ;Ͳ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͯͻͪͷͰ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳͽͪ ΒͰͻ;Δͳ΀ͼ;ͷΔͪΒ;ͳ͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͶ;ͱͰͳ͹͸ͳ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;͹ͯͫͰͭͶͳ͊΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Εͳ
͵;ͯͪͬ͹ͯͳͽͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͪͽͰͳͲͷͪ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͬͰΕ
ͫͳͶ͹͵ͪͼ͸͹ͳ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͻͪͯͳͶͪͭͻͳͱͪͼͪͬͰͼͽͳ ͅͳ΀ͪΒͶ͹͚;ͻͳΕͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͳ͵ͪͱͰt͈ͻͰͯ;
ͭ͹ͼͷ͹ͫͳͶͳͻͪͲͫͪ΃ͽͳΔͰ͸ͳ ͻͪͼ͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ͳ ͻͪͼͻͫΓͰ͸ͳ ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ͹ͯͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹ͷͰͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯͪͷ͹͆ͳͼͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͼͷ͹ΒͰͻͼͷ͹;͹ͫͻͪͱͪͬͪͶͳͯͪͼͷ͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͪ͹Ͷͪ͵͹
͸ͪͼͰͯͪΒ;Εͳ͵͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳ͈͹ͫͻ͵ͪͶͳͼͷ͹͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪͷ ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ
Ͳͪͷ͆ͳͼͷ͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳͯͪΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͳͼ͵ͻͳͬΓͰ͸ͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ ͪ͵͹͸ͰͳͶͪͱ͸ͪͲͪͷͰ͸ͪͲͪ͹͸͹ͺͻͬ͹
ΒͰͻͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪͼͬͪ͵ͳ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͶͳ͵i ͅͳ΀͚;ͻͳΕ

̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͸;ͱ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͲͪͺͳͽͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͽ͹ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͯͪΓͰͭͻͪͯͳͷ͹
ͼͬ͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͑ͽͪͽ͹ͺͪͷͽͳͷ͹ͳͱͰͶͳͷ͹ͯͪͲͪͺͪͷͽͳͷ͹ͳͲ͸ͪ΃Ͱͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Β;
ͼ;͸ͪ΃ͳͺͻͰ΁ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͳͳͲͪ͵͹Β;ͼ;ͭͳ͸;Ͷͳ ́ͷͪͷ͹Ͷͳͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪͷΒͰͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ͵͹ͺ΂ͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ ͭͯͰͭ͹ͯͯͪͼͷ͹ͳ;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͯͪͼͷ͹ ͑ͽͪͼ;͸ͪͷ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͻͳ͵ͻͷͪͲͪͺͶ͹ͬͳͯ
ͫ;͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹; ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ΁;͸ͪͷͳΒͪ ̹ͰͲͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭ
͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼͪ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳͳ͸ͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͫͰͲͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΂ͰͶͪ
͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀͊ͻͫͳͳͷͪΒ; ͸ͺͻtͼͬͰͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͸ͳͲͪ΃ͽͪi ͳͶͳt͸ͳͺ͹ͫͪͫ;͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͻͳ΂Ͱͬͳͷͪ ͬͰΕ
ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͳ̹͹ͭͪ͠Ͱͯͳ͸͹ͭͪiͳͼͶ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͽͻͪΒͪͽͳͳͺͻͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͳͷͪ͹͸ͼͰͻͪͼͺͪ
̹ͯͪͰͲΒͪͼ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͫͰͲΒͪͼ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ ͺ͹ͷ;ΕͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͪͲ͸ͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͫͻ͹ͯΒͰ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹͸ͪ͵ͻͳͬΓͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Β
ͫͪͻ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͳ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ ΂ͪͼͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͽ͹͸Ͱ ͌ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ΁;͸ͪͷͳΒ; ͵͹Βͳ ͻ;΃ͳ ͼͬͰ ͺͻͰͯ
ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ ;ͬͻͽͶ͹ͭ;͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ;͵͹ͫͪ΂Ͱͷ;ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͯͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͺ͹ͷ;ΕͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͻͪͲͪͺͰͽͪͳͲͷͰΕ;Ͷͪͱ͸͹ͭͼΒͪΒͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳͰͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͰͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͽͰͷͰΓͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͫ;ΌͰ͸Ͱ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͐Ͱͷ;ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͯͪ͵ͪͯͪ;ͼ;ͼͻͰͽ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͷ ͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͷ
63
ͳͯͰ ͫͰͲ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͵Bͯͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͸Ͱ ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪ͹͏ͻΔͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
ͼͪͼͬ͹ͭ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͪͽ;ΌͰͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰͼͬͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͶ͹͵ͪͯ
ͺͻ͹ͺͪͶ͹ͼͬͰΒͰ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̹ͰͶͪ ͆

͈͹ͭͪͱͰ͸ͲͪͬͰͽ, ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Δͳͱͪͻͪ99ͬͰ͵
̹ͻͯͪͻ ͅ
͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͋ͻ͹ΒͰ̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬͪ΁– ̹ͪ΂͵͈ͪͪͶͪ͸͵ͪ
̽ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̺
̓ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ̻ͪͯͰ΁ͪ̓͹͸
̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ ͍ͅ
̽͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ͵ͺͳͼ΁ͪ ͡;ͫΓͪ͸͈ͪͪͻͽͳͲͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ͵Δͳͭͪ
͚;ͻͳΕ ͅͳ΀
́͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ, 12. 9. 1992.
͚;ͻͳΕ ͅ
́Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸ͪͯͰͶͪ ͽ͹ͷ**̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͳͻͪ͸ͳͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͼͺͳͼͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
̾͵ͷͰ΂ͳΕ ͅ
́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ;ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͫͻ *7
̓ͻͰͼͽͳΕ ̺
̽;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷͳͼͪ͹ ͫͻ––40.
̈́͹ͷͺͪͻ ͅ
ͅ͹ͻͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͽͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ͵Δͳ̸ͭͪͶͿͪ
ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͊ͅ
͋ͪΒ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ. #JSNJOHIBN-B[BSJcaPress.
ͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ ͡
͇ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷ ͆ͳ΃̀͹ͭͻͪͿ
ͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̺
͈͹ͼͽͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͌ͽ͹ͺͳΒͪ
ͅͳ΀ͪΒͶ͹ͬͳΕ ̽
͌ ̸͊͆͌ ΁ͬͰͽͪ Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ; ͆́͆ ͫͻ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
ͪͺͻͳͶ
͆͹ͭ͹ ͉͈
̹ͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪΔ;ͯͬͪͬͰ͵͈ͪͻͬ͹ͭͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ;ͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸Ͱ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻ 2004.
͊ͪͷͪͻΘͳΕ ͉
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͪͲͪͯͻ;ͭͪ
͊ͪͷͪͻΘͳΕ ͉
́ͯͰΒͰͲͪͼͻͺͼ͵;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪͺ;ͫͶͳ͵
͊͵ͰͻͶͳΕ ͠
͆͹ͬͳ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͶͳͼͽ͹ͬͳͳ͸ͪ΃͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻͪ΃ͽͪΒ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ
ͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵, XXX, 3(1913).
͊ͷͳͽ ̾
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̹ͪͯͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ99ͬͰ͵
͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͊ (2000). ͊;͵͹ͫ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ̹ͪΔͪ ̈́;͵ͪ
͏́̽
͎͹ͫͼͫͪ;ͷ ̾
͆ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͹ͯ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ ͷͳͽ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
t͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi ͣ͹ͼͳΕ ̽
ͅ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͈Ͱ΂ͪͽ ͫͻ
͑ͷͳͽ ̓
͈͹Βͪͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͭͪ ;͆͹ͻͷͪͳ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ̓ͪͻͶ͑ͷͳͽͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ̹Ͱ͹
ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͌
͈͹͵;΃ͪΒͬͻ΃ͰΔͪͶ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͻͰͬͳΒͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ 99*9
97* ͬ͹Ͷ ͫͻ–101.
64
1&5"3."/Ƅ&-,07*ſ

.0/%*"-*4."/%'635)&3%&4536$5*0/0'
5)&41*3*56"-6/*5:0'4&3#4
– Communists and Mondialists Towards the Same Goal –

SUMMARY
For the constitution of a nation, beside natural factors, territories, and natural-social people and institu-
tions they create, the value framework (value consensus as Durkheim would say) is the most important.
These common values, beliefs and symbols, as well as the spiritual unity of the nation which emerged from
the depth of peoples’ being that expresses that very being in the best way (metaphysics of nation — )FHFM

provide legitimate and widely accepted model of maintaining the community as the free one. When a nation
loses (or when someone destroys) spiritual unity, it loses its own standards and values and then easily
BDDFQUTUIFPUIFSTBTUIFJSPXO8IZEPFTOU4FSCJBOOBUJPOIBWFVOJRVFOBUJPOBMDSJUFSJBUPEBZ 5IFTQJSi-
tual unity of the Serbian nation has repeatedly been shattered into pieces and in different ways, through a
series of discontinuites that occurred in its historical continuance. Due to systematic repression of St. Sava
Orthodox spirituality, first by communist atheism and then by mondial internationalism, Serbian nation has
been losing and continues to lose its value framework and orientation. The destruction of St. Sava — Vidov-
dan spirituality led to the loss of the fundamental roots of identity, to the collapse of the national conscious-
ness, in a word, to losing of its soul.
When one nation loses its spiritual unity or if it is crushed, it loses its own criteria and values, and then
easily accepts the others as its own. From the time the first breakup of Yugoslavia began, the breakdown of
the spiritual unity of the Serbs and the half-century-long rule of Tito's ideology greatly accelerated, while
today's mondialist domination strengthens and deepens the gap between the present Serbian generations
and their ancestors. These two ideologies — communist and mondialist — are only seemingly opposed in
essence, they are two aspects of the same goal, the goal — the breakdown of the spiritual unity of the Serbs.
This is best seen by sharing the same aversion to traditional and national. Such a continuous ideology, the
MPOH-MBTUJOHQIFOPNFOPO #SPEFM
JOFWJUBCMZMFBETUPUIFMPTTPGUIFGFFMJOHPG one's own place and the
historical foundation of one's own people and society, while imposing the paradigm of one world, Mondia-
lism. The discrepancies in Serbian history, which were collectively viewed over time, have lasted since the
peaceful, unequivocal construction of the Serbian national identity, while the present generation of Serbs
have greatly disrupted the identities of consciousness and crept into the indeterminate question and the
uncertainty over the question about which way to go.
The purpose of this paper is to show harmful effects of the communist secularization, which has been
systematically destroying the most essential characteristic of Serbian nation — the Orthodox (St. Sava) one,
but also to point out that today's new mondialism is still destroying the spirituality of Serbian nation (they
have the same task and the same goal) with the new utopia and, finally, to answer the question whether
4FSCJBOOBUJPODBOSFUVSOUP4U4BWB0SUIPEPYJEFOUJUZ JTJUUPPMBUFOPX
,FZXPSET4FSCJBOTQJSJUVBMVOJUZ DPNNVOJTN NPOEJBMJTN

̸̸͍̺͊͋̾͆́͆͐̾1
̺ͰͶͳ͵͹ͽ΅ͻ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽt͊ͬͼͬ̓ͳͻͳͶͳͅͰͽ͹ͯͳʹu
́ͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ͵ͪͽͰͯͻͪt͆͹ͬͪͳ͸ͪʹ-͸͹ͬͪ͹ͫ΄ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΊu
̺ͰͶͳ͵͹͋΅ͻ͸͹ͬ͹ ̹΅ͶͭͪͻͳΊ
̸̸͇͇̺͇͍̺͉̓͊͊̓́͋̓͆̈́́̓͋́́͆͋́͋̾͘
̸̸̸̸̻͇̺͇͇͉͉̺̀͆̾͋̀̾͑͆̾2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͯͰ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͳͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̓ͻ͹Ͳ ΔͰͭͪ ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ ̸͇͆͋ ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β; ͸Ͱ͵;
ͬͻͼͽ;͹ͼͬͰͽͰͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉͉ͬ͊͊͊;ͼͳΒͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭΔͰ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͺ͹ͼͶͰ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ̓ͪ͹Ͳͪ
ͬͻͰͷͰ̓ͻͳͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺ;ͽͪͼ;͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͳͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ͉ͪͰͲ;Ͷ
ͽͪͽ ͹ͬͰ ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͼͶͪͷͪ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ Β;ͭ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸͹Β ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹
͆ͪ͵͹͸ͼͪͷ͹ͺͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͉;ͼͳΒͳͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ͆͹ͬͪͻͰͪͶ
͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͸͹ͬͰ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸ͪͯͰͶ;ΒͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͰΕͬͳΌͰ͸͹͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ
ΔͪͯͬͪͬͰ͵ͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ ̸͊̽ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
̺ͼͳ΂͵ͳͪͬͽ͹ͻͳ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ ͹ͽͽΊ΀͸ͪͽͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͸ͪͼ͹΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͼͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͪͬͪͽͼ

̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳΊͬ΅ͺͻ͹ͼ ͭ͹ͻͪͲͭͶͰͱͯͪͽ͵ͪͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͰͱͯ;ͯͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽ͹ʹ͸ͰͰ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ
ͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΊ͸Ͱ̺ͼ΅΄͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳΊͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹
ͺ͹-΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͳͲͷͰͻͰ͸ͳͰ̸ͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͪͽͪͽ͹ʹͯͪͫ΅ͯͰͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸͹͵͹͸΂ͪͽͰͶ͸͹ ͳͶͳͯͪͫ΅ͯͰ͹ͼͽͪͬͰ͸
ͯͪtͽͶͰͰuͼͬ΅Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͳͲͫ;΀͸Ͱ͹ͽ͸͹ͬ͹ ͹ͫͼͶ;ͱͬͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͼͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸ͳͼͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂Ͱͼ͵͹ ͺͻͳͼ΅ͼͽͬͳͰ ͳ ͬͶͳΊ͸ͳͰ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ ͊΅Ͳͯͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ ͸ͪ ͷͪͻͳ͹͸Ͱͽ͸ͪ ͷΉͼΉͶͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹
ͼͬ͹Ίͽͪ ͼ΅΄͸͹ͼͽ
ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪ ͯ͹͵ͪͲͬͪ ͽ͹ͬͪ ͊ͶͰͯ ͻͪͲͺͪͯͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ ͸ͪ ͬͽ͹ͻͪ ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱʹ͸ͪ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΊͼͰͺ͹ΊͬΊͬͪͽͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͳͲͪΊͬΊͬͪ΄ͳͼͬ͹ΊͽͪͰͯ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽ Ͱͯ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΊ Ͱͯ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΊ
1
stivanch@yandex.ru
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͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ΅ͽ͹ͽͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͽͪͺ͹ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ́́́ 47023 ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΊͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͽͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ͵͹ʹͽ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͯͺ͹ͷͪͭͪ͹ͽͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͰͻͼͽͬ͹ͽ͹͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͽ͹ ͸ͪ;͵ͪͽͪͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂͸͹ͽ͹
ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰ͸͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ
66
̸̸͍̺͊͋̾͆́͆͐̾̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳΊͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͬͪͻͳͪ͸ͽͳͽͰ Ͳͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͽ͹ͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ
͋͹ͬͪͰͲͪͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͳͬͽͰ΀͸ͳͽͰ͸͹ͬͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳͳ̀ͪ;ͯ͹ͬ͹ͶͼͽͬͳͰ͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳ͸̺ͪͪͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͽ͹ͬͪͼͪ
͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͳ ͳ ͽͪ͵ͳͬͪ ͼ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͪͯͪͬͪ΄ ͷΉͼΉͶͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ – ͽ;͵ ͳͷͪͷ ͺͻͰͯͬͳͯ
̹͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ3 ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹͹ͽͼͷͰͼͰ͸ͳΊͽ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͽ͹̹ͬͳ͎ ͼͶͰͯ
̽Ͱʹͽ΅͸ͼ͵͹ͽ͹ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ͸ͳͰ ͸ͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͹ͫΊͬΊͬͪͽ ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ Ͱ ͼ΅ͲͯͪͯͰ͸ͪ tͷΉͼΉͶͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪu̺΅ͺͻͰ͵ͳ΂Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͪ͵ͪͽ͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪ ;͸ͳ΄͹ͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ
Ͷͪͬ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͼͻͰͯͳ΄ͪͬ͗ͱ͸ͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͬͪͳ͸Ͱʹ͸ͳΊ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹ͲͰ͸΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ
̺ͼ΅΄͸͹ͼͽͬ΅ͬͬ͹ʹ͸ͪͽͪͲͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ ͬ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͼͶͰͯͭͬ͹ͯͰ΄ͪͻ͹ͶΊͳͷͪͽ̸͊͒ ͼͰ
ͲͪͫͰͶΊͲͬͪ ͪ͸ͽͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬͰ͸ ͪ͸ͽͳͼͶͪͬΊ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͳ ͰͼͽͰͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͲͪͰͯ͸͹ ͼ ͬͼͳ΂͵͹ ͽ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͪ͸ͽͳͻ;ͼ͵ͳ
΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͏ͰͶͽͪ Ͱ ͬ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼ΅Ͳͯͪͯͪͽ ͷͪͶ͵ͳ ͺ͹ ͺͶ͹΄ ͳ ͷͪͶ͵ͳ ͺ͹ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͳ
ͻͪͲ͵΅ͼͬͪ͸ͳ͹ͽͬ΅ͽͻͰ΃͸ͳͳͬ΅͸΃͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͻͰ΂ͳΊ ͺͻͰ΂Ͱ΄ͳͼͳͳͯ͹ͻͳͬ͹Ήͬͪ΄ͳ Ͱͯ͸ͪͼͻͰ΄;
ͯͻ;ͭͪ ͸ͪͫͪͲͪͽͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͻͳͳͶͳ͸͹ͬͳͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͲͪͬͻͪͱ̹ͯͪ͆ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ ͵΅ͯͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͺͻͰͯͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ
ͳͷͪ΃Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͳ ͯ͸Ͱͼ ͽͰ ͬͰ΂Ͱ ͼͪ ̺΅ͬ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͵͹ͭͪͽ͹ ͬ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͯͳͻͪ ΂Ͱ ͼͰ
ͳͲͬ΅ͻ΃ͬͪ͹ͫͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰͰͳͲ΅ͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͻͪͲͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͲͺ͹͵΅ͼͬͪ͸Ͱ͆͹
ͽ΅ʹ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸΅ͽͰ΂ͪͼͽ͹ͽͼͽͪͻͳΊ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ ͼͽͪͻͪͽͰͶ͸͹͸ͳͭͶͳͱͳͻͪ͸ͳͽͰͳͼ͵ͻͳͬͪ͸ͳͽͰͺͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷͳ ͯ͸Ͱͼͼͪͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͳͲͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͋͹ͬͪͰͯ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶͼͽͬ͹ ΂ͰͳͲͺ͹ͶͲͬͪ͸ͳͽͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͳͲͪͻͪͲͯͰͶΊ͸Ͱ
ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΊ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳ͸ͪͶͪͭͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪt͸͹ͬͳΊ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲ΅ͷu ͸Ͱ͹ͽͷͳ͸ͪ΀ͪͳͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͳͽͰͳ͸ͳ
΁ͳͪͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͽͪͲͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
̀ͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͼͬ͹ͳͽͰ΁ͰͶͳtͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽͳͽͰ͸ͪ͸͹ͬͳΊͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͰ͸ͻͰͯuͳͲͺ͹ͶͲͬͪͽͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͻ͹
ͳͲͺͳͽͪ͸͹ ͺͻͰͲ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͽͰ ΂;ͬͼͽͬ͹ ͲͪͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ ͬ΅ͬ ͬͼͰ͵ͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ – ͼͽͻͪ΀΅ͽ ͹ͽ ͯͻ;ͭͳΊ ͼͽͻͪ΀΅ͽ ͹ͽ
͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͽͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͽͬ΅Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͽͪ͸ͪͫͪͲͪͽͪ͸ͪͽͪͲͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͽ͹ʹtͯͪͬͲͰͷͰͽ͹ͬͪ͵͹Ͱͽ͹
ͺͻͳ͸ͪͯͶͰͱͳ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͳΊͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯu ͽ͹ͬͪͼ͵͹Ͱͽ͹ͽ͹ʹͰͼͬͳ͵͸ͪͶ͹ͽͻͪ͸͸ͪͬ΅Ͳͻͪͼͽ ͯͪ͸ͪͬͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ
͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͳͽͰͫͶͳͲ͵ͳ ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͳΊ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ̾ͼͽͰͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͽ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͰͬͽͪ͵ͳͬͪͼͶ;΂ͪͳͰͳͲͺͻͰͬͪͻͬͪ΄ͪͽͪ
ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΊ ͳͲͺͻͰͬͪͻͬͪ΄ͪͽͪ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΊ Ͳͪ ͯͪ ͺͻͰͬ΅ͻ͸Ͱ΃ ͬ΅͹ͫͻͪͱͪͰͷͳΊ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͵ ͬ ͽ͹ͬͪ ͵͹Ͱͽ͹
ͼͺ͹ͻͰͯͽͬ͹ͳͽͰͷͳͼͶͳͳͬ΅͹ͫͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͰ ͽ͹ʹͳͼ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͼͽͰ̺ͫͼ΅΄͸͹ͼͽͬͼͰ͵ͳ͹ͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ
΁ͳͽͰͳͼ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͽ͹΂͸͹ͽ͹ͬͪ ͵͹Ͱͽ͹ͽ͹ʹ͸Ͱͳͼ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͼͶ;΂ͳͼ͸Ͱͭ͹͋͹ͬͪͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪ
ͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ͋͹Ͳͳͼͽͻͪ΀͵͹ʹͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͱͰͼͽ͹͵͹ͼͽͬͳͷͰͽ͹͸ͪtͼͺͻͪͬͰͯͶͳͬͪͽͪ͵ͪ;Ͳͪu ͺͻͳ͵͹ʹͽ͹ͪͶͽ
ͻ;ͳͲͷ΅ͽͳͲ΂ͰͲͬͪ͊΅΄ͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪͬ͸Ί͵͹ͳͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͳ ͵ͪͽ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͷͺͻͰͯ
ͬͳ̹ͯ΅ͶͭͪͻͳΊ
ͼͰͬ͹ͯͳͷͰͯͳʹ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͳͻͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͼ΅΀ͻͪ͸Ίͬͪ΄ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ̀ͪ͵ͶͰʹͷΊͬͪͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ΅ͽ ͵͹ʹͽ͹ͺͻͰ΂ͳ͸ͪͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͽͰ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
͵ͪͽ͉ͪͬ̾͊ͪͲͫͳͻͪͼͰͽ͹ͬͪͰ΂ͪͼͽ͹ͽͬ͸;΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͽ͹ͳͯͬͪ΄͹͹ͽ̹ͻΉ͵ͼͰͶͳͳͷͪͲͪ΁ͰͶ͹ͷͪͶ͹ͬͪͱͪͬͪ
͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͽͪͺͻͳͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͬͳͷͰͽ͹͸ͪ͸ͪͶͪͭͪ͸ͳͽͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ
͊΅ͫͳͽͳΊͽͪͬ͗ͱ͸ͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊͼͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳΊͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͺͻͳ;͸ͳ΄͹ͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊ
͊΅Ͳͯͪͬͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸ͪͽͪ ͳͲͷͳͼͶͰ͸ͪ ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ ͲͪͰͯ͸͹ ͼ ̹͹ͼ͸ͪ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͳ
̹͉͗ͅ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͼͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͬ͹Ͱ͸͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͭ͹͸ͳ͸̸͇ͪ͆͋͸͹ͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻͪͽ͸ͪͬ΅Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͬͲͻͳͬΊ
ͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸͇ͪ΂Ͱͬͳͯ͸͹Ͱ΂ͰͳͺͻͳͽͻͳͽͰͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ΅ͽͲͪͬ͹Ͱ͸Ͱ͸͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ΄Ͱ
ͫ΅ͯͰͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΊ͸Ͱ̺΅ͬͬͻ΅Ͳ͵ͪͼͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͽͻΊͫͬͪͯͪͼͰͲͪͫͻͪͬΊͳͲͪ́ͼͶΊͷͼ
͵ͪͽͪͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΊ͸̸ͪͶͳΊ́ͲͰͽͫͰͭ͹ͬͳ΂ ͹΄Ͱ͹ͽͭ ͬ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͼͰͺͻͳͲ͹ͬͪͬͪͲͪͼ΅Ͳͯͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ
3
͈ͻͳͰͯ͸ͪͳͲͬͰͼͽ͸ͪͪ͸͵ͰͽͪͼͻͰͯͫ͹΃͸Ί΁ͳ͸ͪͬ΅ͺͻ͹ͼͪ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͰͽΊ΀͸ͪͽͪͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͰ͹ͽͭ͹ͬͪͻΊͽ΂Ͱͼͪ
ͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ͆ͪͼͶͰͯͬͪ΄ͳΊͽͬ΅ͺͻ͹ͼ ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼͪͺ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ– ͹ͽͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ΅ͽͰͷΉͼΉͶͷͪ͸ͳ ͫͰͶͷ͹Ί
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t͹ͫͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͸͹ͳͼͶΊͷͼ͵͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹͹ͽͪͅͻ͹͵͹ͯ͹́͸ͯ͹͸ͰͲͳΊu ͵ͪͽ͹ͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ ͬͶͳͲͪͽͬͽͰͲͳͺͶͪ
͸͹ͬͰ ̻;ͼ·͵͹ͬͪ ͼ

̺ͼ΅΄͸͹ͼͽ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͵ͪͽ͹΁ΊͶ͹ͺ͹ͯ͵ͻͰͺΊͳͼͶΊͷͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰͬͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͬͰͼ͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬͳͰ
ͽ͹͇΂Ͱͬͳͯ͸͹ͽͪ͵΅ͬͺ͹ͯ΀͹ͯͰ͸ͪͼ͹΂Ͱ͸ͳͼͻͰ΄;͉;ͼͳΊ ͵ͪ͵ͽ͹ͼͽͪͬͪͽ͹ͬͪͬ͐Ͱ΂͸ΊͳͺͻͰͯͳͽ͹ͬͪͬ
̸Ϳͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ ͉ͪͲͼ΅ͱͯͰ͸ͳΊͽͪ ͺ͹ ͽͰͲͳ ͬ΅ͺͻ͹ͼͳ ͼͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷͳ Ͳͪ ͯͪ ͼͽͪ͸ͪͽ ͺ͹-Ίͼ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͽͰ
͵͹ͳͽ͹ͯͬͳͱͪͽ ͳͶͳͯͪͬͪͽ͹ͽͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͰͺͻͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͬͪͻͳͪ͸ͽͳͲͪͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳΊ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ
͆ͪͷͰͼͪͽͪ͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͬ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊͼͶͰͯͼͷ΅ͻͽͽͪ͸ͪ͋ͳͽ͹ ͬ͵ͪͻͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͬͳ͵͹͸͹
ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪͽͪͼͺͳͻͪͶͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ ͬ͹ͯͰ΄ͪͼͶͰͯͼͰͫͰͼͳͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͬͪͶͳͽͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͰͼͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸ͪͼ
͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͪͶ͸ͪͽͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͯͳͬͼͳ΂͵͹͸̸ͪ͊͒͋͹ͬͪͰͯ͹ͫͻͰͳͲͻͪͲͰ͸͹ͬͼͽͪͽͳΊͽͪtͪͅ͸ͳ
ͿͰͼͽ Ͳͪ Ͱͯͳ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͰ͸ ͼͬΊͽu ͹ͽ ͋͹ͷͪͼ ͍ͻͳͯͷͪ͸ ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;ͬͪ͸ͪ ͬ tNew York Times Magazineu
͌;ͯ ͼͽͻ–168
͹ͽͷͪͻͽͭ ͽͰͯͬͪͯͰ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͪ΂ͪͶ͹ͽ͹͸ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯͳͻ͹ͬ͵ͳͽͰ͸ͪ
͉͊͗͋͹ͬͪͰͺͻͳͶͪͭͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͳͯͰΊͽͪͲͪ͸͹ͬͳΊ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲ΅ͷͬ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͰͲͪͶͰͭ͸ͪͽ͹tͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͳͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͽ͹͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͽ͹ͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹u͸ͪͯ΁ͰͶͳΊ ͼͬΊͽ ͽͰͳͯͰΊͽͪͲͪͷ͹͸ͯͳͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ͇Ϳͳ΁ͳͪͶ͸͹
ͬ͹ʹ͸ͪͽͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͰͯ͸ͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͸ͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͽ͹Ͱ͉͊͗ ͼ͸ͳ΄͹͸ͰͲͪͺͶͪ΃ͬͪ΄ͪ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͳͯͪͰ
ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪ͹ͽ̸͇͆͋ ͼͰͬ͹ͯͳͼt΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͪ΁ͰͶu
͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯͻͰͯͳ΁ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͳ ͬͼͻͰͯͪͽͪ͸ͪ-ͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊͺͻͰͼͽͪͬͪͯͪͼ΅΄Ͱͼͽͬ;ͬͪ
͵ͪͽ͹Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͹ͽͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΊ͸ͰͳͲͶͳͲͪͳͲͬ΅͸͸Ͱʹ͸ͳ
ͽͰͻͪͷ͵ͳͽͰ ͪͼͰͻͪͲͷͰ͸ΊͷͰͱͯ;͹ͽͯͰͶ͸ͳͽͰͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ̺΅ͺͻͰ͵ͳͺͻͳͰͽͪͽͪͺͻͰͲͭt̽΅Ͷͭ͹ͼ
ͻ͹΂͸ͪͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪͲͪͳ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊuͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͽͰͼͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸ͳͼͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͻͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ͵ͻͳ
Ͳͪͽͪ͸ͰͼͪͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳ ̻;ͼ·͵͹ͬͪ, 2001 ͼͽͻ Joviǀ, 2003, str. 68–69̓ͳͻ·Ί͵͹ͬ ͳ ̺͹Ͷ͵͹ͬͪ
. ͈͹ͼ
ͶͰͯͬͪͶͳͽͰͼ΅ͫͳͽͳΊͺͻͰͲͭͳͼͶͰͯ͸ͰΊͲͪͯ΅Ͷͫ͹΂ͪͬͪͽ͹΄Ͱͺ͹ͬͰ΂Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͸ͪͽͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΊ͈ͻͰͲ
ͭͳ͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΊͽͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ ̻ͻ;ͲͯͰͬ
.
̀ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͺͻͰ ΀ͳͺͰͻͳ͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ ͺͻͰͲ ͯͰ͵Ͱͷͬͻͳ ͼ΅΄ͪͽͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͊΅ΉͲ͸͹ͽ͹ ͳͲͺ΅Ͷ͸ͳͽͰͶ͸͹
ͬͰ΂Ͱ ̺͊́
͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ͼ̸͸ͽͰͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳ΂ͬͲͰͷͪͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͲͪͺͪ͵Ͱͽ͹ͽͷͰͻ͵ͳ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͼͪͰͯͳ͸͸ͪͯͪ͸΅΂͸ͪ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ͸ ͺͪͲͪͻ Ͳͪ ͬͼͳ΂͵ͳ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ ͸ͪ ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬ͸ͪͽͪ ͳ ͽͪͲͳ ͸ͪ
ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳͽͰͼ͹ͫͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͯͰ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΊ͸ͪͯͳ͸ͪͻͪ͵΅ͷ͵;ͻͼͪ͸ͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͽͪͭͰͻͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͷͪͻ͵ͪͬ
ͼ΅͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ ̻ͻ;ͲͯͰͬ
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̹ͪ͸͵ͻ;ͽͳͻͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪͽͪͯͪͬͪͬ΅Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ ̸͊͒ͲͪͳͲͺ͹ͶͲͬͪ͸Ͱͳ͸ͪ ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͰ
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͯͪͯ͹ͬͰͯͪͽͯ͹ͻͪͲͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸Ͱͽ͹˭͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͪͳͷͺͰͻͼ͵ͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ̹̀ͫͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ Ͳͪ;͸ͳ΄͹ͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪͬ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊͰ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹ͺ͹ͯ
͵ͻͰͺͪͽͪ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͽͰ ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸ͳ ͭͻ;ͺͳ ͬ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͳ ͸ͪ ͽͰ΀͸ͳͽͰ ͶͳͯͰͻͳ-ͯͳͼͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͼͻͰͯ
;ͺͻͪͬͶΊͬͪ΄ͳͽͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪͼ΅ͻ΂ͪͬͪͽ ͽͰͲͳ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ ͼͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͼ΅ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͽ͹ ͬͶͳΊ͸ͳͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪͼ΅ͻ΂ͪͬͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͲͷͪ ΂ͳΊͽ͹ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ Ͱ ͺ͹-ͼͳͶ͸ͪ ͹ͽ ͽͪͲͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΊͽ͹ͽͯͰͶ͸ͳͽͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͬ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊͯͪͼͰͳͲͺ͹ͶͲͬͪͽ͊́ͅͲͪͪ͸ͽͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪ
ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ ͳ ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͳͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͽ͹ ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳͻͪͽ ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͽͰ ͸ͪ
ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͽ͹ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͻͪͬ͸Ίͬͪͽ ͼ ͸ͪͼͽ͹Ί΄Ͱͽ͹ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͰ ͬ ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊ ͬ
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ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ͸ͺͶͪ͸ͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͯͳͲͬͳ͵ͪͻͪͲ͵͹Ͷͬ̽ͬͳͱͰ͸ͳͰͽ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͫͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸ͳͽͰͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͳ ̺ͳͶͳΕ
ͳ͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

̺͸ͪ΂ͪͶ͹ͽ͹͸ͪ-ͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊ͹ͼͽͪͬͪͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͪͽͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪͬ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͬͼͰ
͹΄Ͱ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪͺͪͻͽͳΊ ͪͬͳͷͰͽ͹˭ ͼͽ͹ͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͽ͹tͼ͹΁ͳͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪú
͸ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͪ͹ͽ͸͹ͬ͹̸͊͒Ͱ͵ͪͽͪͶͳͲͪͽ͹ͻ΅ͽ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͬͪͶͳͽͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ͆ͪͪͺͻͳͶ
ͭ̓͹͸ͭͻͰͼ΅ͽͻͪͲͭͶͰͱͯͪͳͺͻͳͰͷͪͻͰͲ͹ͶΉ΁ͳΊ͹ͽͺ;͸͵ͽͪͲͪt͆ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂͹ͬͰ΃͵ͳͽͰ
ͺͻͪͬͪͬ͗ͱ͸ͪ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊu ͽͰ͗ͱ͸ͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ ͫͰͶͷ͹Ί
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͽͰͳͼ͵ͪ͸ͳΊͬ͸ͰΊͼͪͺ΅Ͷ͸͹
ͬͻ΅΄ͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳΊ ͼͽͪͽ;ͽ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͺͻͰ ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ ͸ͪ ΂͹ͬͰ΃͵ͳͽͰ ͺͻͪͬͪ
ͲͪͷͻͪͲΊͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪΉͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͼ͵ͳΊͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͺͻͰ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΊͬͪ͸Ͱͯͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͲͪͰͷͳ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͯ͹͵ͪͽ͹
Ήͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͼ͵ͳͽͰͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷ;΂ͪͽͻͪͬ͸ͳͺͻͪͬͪ ̻ͻ;ͲͯͰͬ
̺͵ͻͪΊ͸ͪ-ͽͰͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͶ͹ͽ͹͸ͪ
60-ͽͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͬ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͯͰʹͼͽͬͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ t͉Ͱͬ͹ͶΉ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳͰ Ͳͪ ͹ͫͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͸ͪ
ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͽͰu ͸ͪͫͻ͹Ίͬͪ΄ͪ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ ͼ ̸ͯͰͷ ̽Ͱͷͪ΂ͳ ́ ͬ ;ͼͽͪͬͪ ͳ ͬ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪͽͪ ͸ͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ ͲͪͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ΁ͰͶ Ͱ t͹ͼͬ͹ͫ͹ͱͯͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ ͸ͪ ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͼͳͻͪ͸ͳΊ ͹ͽ ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΊ
΃ͳͺͽ΅ͻͼ͵ͳ͵ͻͪʹͳ ͺͻͳͼ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ίͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ͷ; ͵΅ͷ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΊùͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ ͽ͹ͬͪͼͰͯ͹ͺ;ͼ͵ͪͽ
ͬͼͳ΂͵ͳͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ– tͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸ͳ ͬ΅͹ͻ΅ͱͰ͸ͳͯͰʹͼͽͬͳΊͳͬͼͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͬ΅ͼͽͪ͸ͳͰu
̻;ͼ·͵͹ͬͪ ͼ̻;ͼ·͵͹ͬͪ
͋ͪͲͳͳͯͰΊͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳͻͪ͸ͪͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͽͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͺ͹΁ͰͶͳΊͼͬΊͽt͊΅ΉͲ͸ͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͪͻͳͽͰuͼ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͻ΅͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹͉ͬͳͷ ͪͼͶͰͯͽ͹ͬͪ
ͬͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ͋;ͻ΁ͳΊͳ͹ͽͽͻͰͽͪt͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͪͶͳͭͪu ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͽ΅ͻͬ͆Ή͂͹ͻ͵ͳͿͳͶͳͪͶͳͬ
͋;ͻ΁ͳΊ ̸ͬͼͽͻͳΊ ̓ͪ͸ͪͯͪ ͍ͻͪ͸΁ͳΊ ̹ͰͶͭͳΊͳ͍͉̻ ̻;ͼ·͵͹ͬͪ
͊ͶͰͯ͵ͪͽ͹͸ͪΉͶͳͭ
ͼ͵;ͺ΄ͳ͸ͪͽͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͺͻͳͰͷͪ ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΊ ͸ͪ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͬͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͹ͽ ͸Ͱʹ͸͹ͽ͹
͹ͫΊͬΊͬͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ ͸ͪ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͬͻͳ ͭ ͬ ̓ͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ͵ ͫͶͳͲ͹ ͯ͹ ͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵ͪͽͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͼͰ
ͺͻ͹ͬͰͱͯͪͼͻͰ΄ͪ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͽͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͳ͹ͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͼ΅Ͳͯͪͬͪͽ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΊ
͸ͪ͸Ͱͼ΅΄Ͱͼͽͬ;ͬͪ΄ͪͽͪt͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹u͑ͰͼͽͯͰ͸ͪͺ͹-͵΅ͼ͸͹ͼͰͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪͷͳͻͪͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͽͪ ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳʹͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͬͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳ͵ͻͳͲͳͼͪ ͼ–̽ͰͽͻͰͲ ͼ
͋͹ͬͪ
ͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͬͪ͸͹͹ͽͻͰͲ͹ͶΉ΁ͳΊͬ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΊͬͪͲͪtͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͹ͽ̹ͰͶͭͻͪͯ͸ͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸
͸ͪͽͪ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͬ ͼ΅ͼͽͪͬͪ ͸ͪ ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳͳu ͅͳKͪͶ͵͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ͳ ̽ͪͷKB͸͹ͬ ͼͽͻ

̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳΊͽ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͲ΅ͷ ͺͻ͹ͯ΅Ͷͱͪͬͪ ͳͲΊͬͳͽͰ ͼͳ ͳ ͺͻͰͲ ͼͶͰͯͬͪ΄ͪͽͪ ͭ ͆ͪ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊͽ
ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷ͹ͽͯ͹ͼͰͺͽͰͷͬͻͳ ͼ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰͽ͹ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͪ΂ͪͼͽ͹ͽ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͽ͹ ͹ͽ
ͭͶͪͼ;ͬͪͶͳͽͰͺ͹ͯͯ΅ͻͱͪͽ͹ͫΊͬͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ́Ͳͫ͹ͻͳͽͰͺͻͰͲͷͪʹͭͲͪͺͻͰ
ͲͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͬ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΊͺͻͰͷͳ͸ͪͬͪͽͫͰͲͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵͹;΂ͪͼͽͳͰ ̹ͪͰͶͭͻͪͯͭͳ
͹ͫΊͬΊͬͪͲͪ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸͸ͳ͆ͪͽΊ΀͉́;ͭ͹ͬͪ ͰͳͲͫͻͪ͸Ͳͪ ͺͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸ͪt͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ùͪͯͪ
ͳͲͻͪͲΊͽͺ͹ͯ͵ͻͰͺͪͽͪͼͳ͵΅ͷͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͽͰ͸ͪ ͽͰͲͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͺͻͳͼͽͳͭͪͽͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳͳ͹ͽͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͵ͽ͹ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͳ͸ͪͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͈͹͸͹ͷͪͻͰͬͪ ͼͽͻ–367).
͈ͻͰͲͷͪʹͭͬͰͯͳ͸͹ͽͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵ͳͽͰͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͰ ͺͻͳͼͽͻ͹ͭͪ͵͹͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΊ ͼͰͺͻ͹ͬͰͱͯͪ
͹ͫ΄ͪͼͻͰ΄ͪ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͭͻ;ͺͳͻ͹ͬ͵ͳ ͼͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪ͹ͻͳͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΊͼ͹ͫ΄͹ͫͰͯͳ͸Ίͬͪ΄
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ– ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳΊͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ΅ͷ͊΅ͺ΅ͽͼͽͬͪ΄ͳͽͰͻͪͲͺͪͯͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ́Ͳͽ͹΂͸ͳΊͫͶ͹͵ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ
ͯͪͬͪͽ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͸ͪ ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰ ͬ ͼͻͰ΄ͪͽͪ ͯͪ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶΊͽ ͹ͫͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͵ͪͽͪ ͵ͪͽ͹ tͳͲ͵ͶΉ΂ͳͽͰͶ͸͹
ͫͶͪͭ͹ͺͻͳΊͽ͸ͪͲͪ ͹ͫͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰͽ͹͸ͪͬͼͳ΂͵ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͲͰͷͳͬ͹ͫ΄ͳͽͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸̺ͪͰͶͳ͵ͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ
͸ͳΊu͈΅ͻͬͳΊͽͪ͵ͽͬͽͪͲͳͺ͹ͼ͹͵ͪͽͻΊͫͬͪͯͪͫ΅ͯͰ͹ͽ͵΅ͼͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͳͪͷ͹ͽͳͬͼͰͳͲͺ͹Ͷ
69
Ͳͬͪ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ ͸ͪ ͯͪͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͺ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰͽ͹ ͸ͪ ͂ ̹ ͋ͳͽ͹ ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΊ ͹ͽ ͼͰͭͪ΃͸ͳΊ ͶͳͯͰͻ ͸ͪ
ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪͽͪ͊ͶͅͳͶ͹΃Ͱͬͳ΂̀ͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͽͰͬ͹Ͱ͸͸͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΁ͰͶͳͰͼ΅Ͳ
ͯͪͯͰ͸ͪͬ͹Ͱ͸͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͺ͹ͯͳͷͰͽ͹6ƍ, 6TIUSJB¬MJSJNUBSFF,PTPWÌT
t̸ͻͷͳΊͲͪ͹ͼͬ͹ͫ͹ͱ
ͯͰ͸ͳͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹u ̸͇̓
̸ͻͪͼ
. ͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯͯͻ;ͭͳͼͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊ̸͇̓Ͱͼ΅ͲͯͪͯͰ͸ͪͬ͵ͻͪΊ͸ͪͭ͹ͽ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ -1, -Ìvizja popullore e KosovÌs), ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͰͼͿ͹ͻ
ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͲͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͽͪ͸ͪͭ͹ͽͳͲͫΊͭͪͶͳͬ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͅͰͽͰ ,
ͼͽͻ͍;ͼ͵ͪͼ ͼͽͻ).
͇΄ͰͺͻͰͯͳͪͭͻͰͼͳΊͽͪͼͻͰ΄;͉͊͗ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΊ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳΊͲͪͼͯͰͶ͵ͪͬ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͼͰͬͳͲͳͻͪ̓͹
ͼ͹ͬ͹͈ͻͰͲΊ͸;ͪͻͳ͈ͭͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪͽͪͪͼͪͷͫͶͰΊ͸ͪ͊΅ͬͰͽͪ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͺͻͳͰͷͪͻͰͲ͹ͶΉ΁ͳΊ
Ͳͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͰͽ͹͉ͬ͊͗ ͬ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͼͰͬͳͲͳͻͪͽͼ΅ͫͳͽͳΊͽͪͬ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ͊ͻͰ΄;ͳͼ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ͹ͽ̸͊͒͹ͽͼ
ͽ΅ͺ͵ͳͬͺ͹ͶͲͪ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͽͰͬ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ ͸ͪͅͳͶ͹΃Ͱͬͳ΂ͼͰ͹ͫͰ΄ͪͬͪͽ΂ͪͻͽ΅ͻ͸ͳͺ͹ͶͰͽͳ͸ͪΉͭ͹ͼ
Ͷͪͬͼ͵ͳͽͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͶͰͽͳ ͯ͹ ̸͊͒ ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͼͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ͉͊͗ ͬ ̸͊͒ ;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ ͫͻ͹Ί ͸ͪ
΂ͶͰ͸͹ͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ Ήͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͼ͵͹ͽ͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͼͽͬ͹ ͬ ͇͇͆ ͬ΅Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰ ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͬ
͈ͪ͵ͽͪ Ͳͪ ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͬ ͗ͭ͹ͳͲͽ͹΂͸ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͈ͻͰͲ ͷͪͻͽ ͬ ̹ͰͶͭͻͪͯ ͺͻͳͼͽͳͭͪͽ ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͳͽͰ ͸ͪ
ͬ΅͸΃͸ͳͽͰͻͪͫ͹ͽͳ͸̻ͪͰͻͷͪ͸ͳΊͳ͍ͻͪ͸΁ͳΊ͆ͪͽͳͼ͵΅ͽ͹ͽ̸͊͒ͬ΅ͻ΀;͉͊͗ͺͻ͹ͯ΅ͶͱͪͬͪͼͺͻͰͯ
Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͰͽ͹Ͳͪ ͼ͵ͶΉ΂ͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͽͻͳͭ͹ͯͳ΃͸͹ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ͸ͳͰ ͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͵͹Ͱͽ͹̸͇͆͋ͺ͹Ͷ;΂ͪͬͪͬ΅Ͳ
ͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͽͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͳͬ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ΀ͳͶͬ͹Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͶ;ͱͪ΄ͳtͲͪͭͪͻͪ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͷͳͻͪͳͺͻ͹ͬͰͱ
ͯͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͸ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͳu ͈͹͸͹ͷͪͻͰͬͪ ͼͽͻ–367).
͈͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͰ͉ͬͪͷͫ;ʹͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͪͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΊͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͯͳͻͪͲͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱ
Ͳͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͽͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͇ͫͰ΄ͪ͸ͳΊͽͪ͸͇ͪͶͫͻͪʹͽͯ͹ͬͰͱͯͪͽͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͺ͹ͯͺͳͼͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ
͸ͳͰͽ͹ͳͲͭ͹ͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͽ̓͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽ͸ͪͽͪͭͻ;ͺͪ ͸͹͸Ͱͳͯ͹ͼͺͪͲͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͽͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͋͹ͬͪͺ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͰ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͽͰͺͻ͹ͯ΅ͶͱͪͬͪͳͼͶͰͯt΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͽͰuͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯͳͻ͹ͬ͵ͳ͸̸͇ͪ͆͋
ͼͻͰ΄;͉͈͊͗͹ͯ͵ͻͰͺΊ͸ͳ͹ͽ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ΃ͳͺͽ΅ͻͳͽͰͬ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͬͪͽͺͻ͹΂ͳͼͽͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ
͹ͽ ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͽ͹ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͊ͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ ͼͰ ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪ ͻͰͲ͹ͶΉ΁ͳͳ ͹ͽ ͵ͻͪΊ ͸ͪ ͬ͹ʹ͸ͪͽͪ
ͺͻͰͲ ͭ ͊ͪͷ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹-͵΅ͼ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͼͶͰͯͬͪ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͳ͸;ͯͳͽͰͶ͸͹ ͳͲͼͰͶͬͪ͸Ͱ ͼͪ ͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ
ͼ΅ͻͫͳ ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ΁ͳ ΁ͳͭͪ͸ͳ ͽ;ͻ΁ͳ ͭ͹ͻͪ͸΁ͳ̽͹ͷ͹ͬͰͽͰͳͷͼͪͻͪͲͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͳ ͪͳͷ;΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͽ͹ͳͷͰ
ͻͪͲͭͻͪͫͰ͸͹͇ͽΉ͸ͳͭͯ͹ͷͪͻͽͭͼͪͳͲͬ΅ͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳ͸ͪͺͪͯͰ͸ͳΊ
ͺͻͳ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͼͪ;ͫͳͽͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͹ͽ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͼͪͼ΅ͻͫͳͳ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ΁ͳ ͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳͼͪ͹ͫ΄͹ͳ͹ͽͬ
ͶͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͳ ͌͸ͳ΄͹ͱͰ͸ͳ ͼͪ ͸ͪͺ΅Ͷ͸͹ ͳͶͳ ͼͪ ΂ͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͰ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰ΂Ͱ ͹ͽ ΀ͳͶ
ͱͳͶͳ΄ͪ͸ͪͼ΅ͻͫͳ ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ΁ͳͳ΁ͳͭͪ͸ͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳʹͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͬ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳ͵ͻͳͲͳͼͪ..., 2008). ͇ͽ
Ή͸ͳͭͯ͹ͼͰͺͽͰͷͬͻͳͭ͸ͰͰͳͲͬͰͼͽ͸ͪͼ΅ͯͫͪͽͪ͸ͪͳͲ΂ͰͲ͸ͪͶͳͫͰͲͬͰͼͽͶͳ΁ͪ ͹ͽ͵͹ͳͽ͹
ͼͪͼ΅ͻͫͳͳͶͳ΁ͳͭͪ͸ͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳʹͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͬ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳ͵ͻͳͲͳͼͪ..., 2008). ̀ͪͰͯ͸͹ͼͭͰ͸͹΁ͳͯͪ͸ͪͯ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͽ͹͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͬ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͪͼͰͻͪͲͻ;΃ͪͬͪͽͳ͹ͫͻ;ͭͪͬͪͽͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͷ͹ͬͰͼͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΊͳ͸ͰͳͲ΂ͳͼͶͳͷͪͼͽ͹ʹ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ΀ͻͳͼͽͳΊ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ̀ͪͬͻͰͷͰͽ͹͹ͽΉ͸ͳͭͯ͹ͪͬͭ;ͼͽ
ͭtͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͽͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ;͸ͳ΄͹ͱͪͬͪͽͺ͹ͬͰ΂Ͱ͹ͽͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͷ͹ͬͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹͹ͽ͵͹ͳͽ͹
ͼͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹Ͱ͸ͳͺͻͰͲͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͰͽ͹ͳͼͰΊͬΊͬͪͽ΂ͪͼͽ͹ͽͼͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸͹ͽ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹͸ͪͼͶͰͯͼͽͬ͹u͆ͪ
t΂Ͱͻ͸ͳΊͽͺͪͲͪͻuͼͰͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪͽͳͽ΅ͻͭ;ͬͪͽ΁Ͱ͸͸ͳͳ͵͹͸ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ͹ͽ͵ͻͪͯ͸ͪͽͳ͹ͽͻͪͲͻ;
΃Ͱ͸ͳͽͰ΁΅ͻ͵ͬͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳʹͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͬ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳ͵ͻͳͲͳͼͪ..., 2008). ͋͹ͬͪͼͪͼͪͷ͹͹ͽͯͰͶ͸ͳͼͶ;΂ͪͳ
70
͸ͪͭͰ͸͹΁ͳͯͳͬͪ͸ͯͪͶͳͲ΅ͷ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͼͰͳͲͬ΅ͻ΃ͬͪͽͬͺͻͳͼ΅ͼͽͬͳͰͽ͹͸ͪ͹ͷͳͻ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͰͶ͸ͳͽͰͼͳͶͳ ͹ͽ
΀͹ͻͪ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͯͳͻͪͽͯͪͳͷͼͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͰͼ΅Ͳͯͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪ
͆ͪͿͰͬͻ;ͪͻͳͭͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ͸ͳΊͽͺͻͪͽͰ͸ͳ͵͸͇͇ͪ͆Ͳͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͪͅͻͽͳ̸΀ͽͳͼͪͪͻͳͲͪͺ͹Ͳ
͸ͪͬͪ ͼ΅ͻͫͳ ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͼ ͳͲͭ͹ͽͬͰ͸ͳΊ ͹ͽ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͺͶͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͫ΅ͯͰ΄ͳΊ ͼͽͪͽ;ͽ ͸ͪ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ ̺
ͺͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͬͰ͸ͳΊͳͷͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͼͰͺ͹ͼ͹΂ͬͪ ΂Ͱ͸͹ͬ͹ͽ͹ͯ΅ͻͱͪͬ͸͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͺ͹Ͷ;΂ͪͬͪͼͽͪͽ;ͽ͸ͪ
tͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͯͲͳͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽu͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸Ͱͭ͹ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͰͼͽͪͽ;ͽ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͪtͷͰͻ͵ͳͲͪ
ͫ΅ͯͰ΄Ͱͽ͹ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪu͊΅͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ͳͲͭ͹ͽͬͰ͸ͳΊ͹ͽ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͼͰͯͪͬͪͺͻͪ
ͬ͹͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼͳͷͬ͹Ͷͳ– Ͳ͸ͪͷͰͳ΀ͳͷ͸ ͵ͪ͵ͽ͹ͳͬ΅Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ΂ͶͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͬͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͈ͻͰͯͬͳͱͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ ͯͪ ͳͷͪ ͼͬ͹Ί ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΊ ͵ͪ͵ͽ͹ ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽ͹ ͯͪ ͼ͵ͶΉ΂ͬͪ
ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ͸ͳΊ͇ͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͼͽͪͽ;ͽͯͪͬͪͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺͻͪͽͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸͇͇ͪ͆ͳ̾͊ͯͪͼͰ
͸ͪͷͰͼͬͪͬͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͽͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ͸͹ͷΊͼͽ͹ͼͰ͹ͽͯͰͶΊͬ΅ͻ΀;ͭͪͻͪ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪͽͪ
͸ͪͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵͹ͽ͹ͷͪͶ΁ͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͿͰͬͻ;ͪͻͳͭ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͹ͫΊͬΊͬͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽ

͈ͻͰͲ͎͎ͬ͞ͺ͹ͯ͹ͫͰ͸ͬͳͯͯ΅ͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͼͰ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶΊ ͵ͪͽ͹t΃ͳͻ͹͵ͪͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΊu ͸͹͸Ͱͳ͵ͪͽ͹
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽ͈͹͸Ί͵͹ͳͫͰͶͰͲͳ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹΄͹ͼͰ͵ͪͼͪͰͯ͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽ͹͸ͪͬ΅͸΃͸ͪ͸ͪͷͰͼͪ ͵ͪ͵ͽ͹ͽ͹ͬͪͰ
ͻͰͭͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͳ̹ͬ͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͷͰͻ͵ͳͽͰͲͪͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰͽ͹͸ͪ͸͹ͬͪͽͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪͺ͹ͬͰ΂ͰͼͰ
͹ͽ͸ͪͼΊͽͯ͹ͼ΅΄Ͱͼͽͬ;ͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ
͊ͶͰͯͻͰͯͳ΁ͪͼͻͰ΄ͳͳͺͻͰͯͬͪͻͳͽͰͶ͸ͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͬ΅̺ͬͳͰ͸ͪ ͈ͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͲͪͼͽͪͽ;ͽͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬ͹..., 2007-2008 ̻Ͱ͹ͻͭͳͰͬ
, ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺ͹-͵΅ͼ͸͹ ͸ͪͿͰͬͻ;ͪͻͳͭ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͹ͫΊͬΊͬͪ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽ͈΅ͻͬͪͽͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪͬͼͬͰͽͪ ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪͽ͹Ͳͳͪ͵ͽͰ̸Ϳͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ ͪͬ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ– ͺ΅ͻͬͪ
ͺͻͪͬͳͽ͹͍ͬͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΊ͋ͻ;ͯ͸͹ͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͫΊͼ͸ͳͶ͹ͭͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸ͪͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΊͼ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͽ͹ͳͯͪͼͪ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͳ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͳͶͳͻ͹ͯͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͬͻ΅Ͳ͵ͳͷͰͱͯ;̸Ϳͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹̾ͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͽͰ͹΂Ͱ
ͬͳͯ͸ͳ ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ ͬͰͯ͸ͪͭͪ ͺͻͪͬΊͽ ͬͺͰ΂ͪͽͶͰ͸ͳͰ Ͱ ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰͽ͹ ͸ͪ ͷ;ͯͱͪ΀ͳͯͳ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͵ͽ͹ ͬ
̹͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͽͪ͵ͪͺ͹-͵΅ͼ͸͹ͳͬ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͼͻͰ΄;ͼ΅ͻͫͳͽͰ͊ͶͰͯͬͪ΄͹ͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂͸͹͹ͫΊͼ͸Ͱ
͸ͳͰͰͬͻ΅Ͳ͵ͪͽͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͺ΅ͽΊ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͵͹ͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͽ̸ͲͳΊͺͻͰͲ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ ͵΅ͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͳ̸͊͒
͵΅ͯͰͽ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͰͬͪͱͰ͸ͻͪͲͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͽͰͶͰ͸΁Ͱ͸ͽ΅ͻ̾ͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹͉;ͼͳΊ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΊͬͪͽͪͲͳͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹
͹ͫΊͬͰ͸ͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͯͪͫ΅ͯͰͪ͸;Ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͿͰͬͻ;ͪͻͳͭ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͹ͫΊͬΊͬͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽ
2017).
͈ͻͰͲͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳͽͰͯͰͬͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͷͰͱͯ;;ͺͻͪͬͶΊͬͪ΄ͳͽͰ͈ͬͻͳ΄ͳ͸ͪͳ̹ͬͰͶͭͻͪͯͼͰͬ͹ͯΊͽͺͻͰ
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͲͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ͹ͫΊͬͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼ΅ͯͫͪͽͪ͸ͪͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵͹ͽ͹͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͱͳͬͰ
Ͱ΄͹ͬ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹̺ͽ͹Ͳͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ΅΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͷͰͼͪͳͷͪͳ͹ͽͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸̹ͪͻΉ͵ͼͰͶ ͵ͪͽ͹͸ͪ
ͽͳͼ͵΅ͽͰ͹ͽͺͻͪͬͰ͸ͺͻͰͯͳͷ͸͹ͬ΅ͻ΀;ͼ΅ͻͫͳͽͰ ͊ͶͰͯͼ΅Ͳͯͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ͉ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͵ͻͳ
Ͳͪͽͪͬ͗ͱͽͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ ͼ΅ͬͼͰͷ͸ͰͰͲͪͬ΅ͻ΃Ͱ͸ͪ ͌ͼͳͶͳΊͽͪ ͺͻͰͯͳͬͼͳ΂͵͹ ͸̹ͪͻΉ͵ͼͰͶͳ͸̺ͪͪ΃ͳ͸ͭ
ͽ͹͸ ͼͪ͸ͪͼ͹΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵΅ͷͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͽ͹ͲͳͿͪ͵ͽͳ͹ͽͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸̹ͪͰͶͭͻͪͯ͋͹ͬͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊͯͪ
ͼͰͼ΅ͭͶͪͼͳͼ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸ͪͽͳͽͰͺͻͰͯͳͽ͹ͬͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽ͵ͻͪΊ͸ͪͬ͹Ͱ͸͸ͪͽͪ͵ͻͳ
ͲͪͼͶͰͯͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯͳͻ͹ͬ͵ͳͽͰ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΊͽͪ͸͉ͪ͊͗
͆ͪʹ-΂Ͱͼͽ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΊͬͪ͸ͳΊͽͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͲͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͽ͹ͬͪ͹ͽͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͼͶͰͯ2006
ͭ Ͱͼͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸ͼͺͻͳͰͷͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ͈ͬ̾͊ͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪͼͰͬ͹ͯΊͽͳͯͬ;ͼͽͻͪ͸͸ͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
ͷͰͱͯ;ͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͪͽͪͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ̀ͪͽΊ΀Ͱ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͽͼͽ΅ͺ΂ͳͬ͹ͼͽͽͪͳ͹ͽͯͬͰͽͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ
71
͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͶͳͯͰͻͪ ͸ͪ ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪͽͪ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͸ͪ t̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳ΂͸ͪͽͪ Ͷͳͭͪ Ͳͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹u ͬ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳΊ
ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽ́ͼͷͰͽ̹Ͱ΂ͳͻͳ t͸ͰͰ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͬͰͱͯͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͽ
͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͽͪͽ;ͽͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͽ΅ʹ͵ͪͽ͹ͽ͹Ͳͳͬ΅ͺͻ͹ͼͰͬͰ΂ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͬ΅̺ͬͳͰ͸ͪͺͻͰͲͭu ́ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͯͰ
ͻ͹ͬ
. ͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͪ͸ͭͶͳʹͼ͵ͳΊ ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶ ͬ ͈ͻͳ΄ͳ͸ͪ ́ ̓ͶͳͿ t͸ͪ ͽ͹Ͳͳ
Ͱͽͪͺ͸ͰͰ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹͊΅ͻͫͳΊͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͽ΅ʹ͵ͪͽ͹Ͱ͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͼ΅ͭ
Ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪͬͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪu̺ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ͹ͬͪͽ͹ʹͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪ ͲͪͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͬ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹
ͳͲͺ͹ͶͲͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͳͯͰΊͽͪͲͪtͯͬͰͽͰ̻Ͱͻͷͪ͸ͳͳu ́ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻ͹ͬ
. ͈͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹Ͱͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰ
̹ͬͰͶͭͻͪͯͳ͈ͻͳ΄ͳ͸ͪ ͎ͳͶͪͻͳ̓Ͷͳ͸ͽ΅͸ ͲͪͰͯ͸͹ͼͬ΅ͻ΀͹ͬ͸ͳΊͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶ͸ͪ̾͊ͺ͹ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͽͰ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͳ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ̓ ̾΃ͽ΅͸ ͲͪΊͬͪͬͪ ͺ΅Ͷ͸ͪͽͪ ͼͳ ͺ͹ͯ͵ͻͰͺͪ ͸ͪ ͼ΅ͲͯͪͯͰ͸ͳΊ ͹ͽ
̸͊͒ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ͆Ͱʹ͸ͪͽͪͯͰͷͪͭ͹ͭͳΊͳ΁ͳ͸ͳͲ΅ͷͼͰͺͻ͹ΊͬΊͬͪͽͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰͽ͹ʹͬ
ͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͪͽͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ΁΅ͻ͵ͬͪt͊ͬ͆ͳ͵͹Ͷͪu͈ͬͻͳ΄ͳ͸ͪ ͵΅ͯͰͽ͹ͼͰͼͻͰ΄ͪͼͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͳ͸ͪ
Ͳͪͬ΅ͻ͸ͪͶͳͽͰͼͰͬ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͼ΅ͻͫͳ̈́ͳ΁ͰͷͰͻͰͽ͹ʹͼͰͼ΅ͼͽ͹ͳͬͽ͹ͬͪ ΂ͰͽΊͺ͹ͼͰ΄ͪͬͪ΁΅ͻ͵ͬͪͽͪ ͸ͪ
ͺͪͯ͸ͪͽͪͳͼͰͻͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͰ͸ͪ͹ͽͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͽͰ͸ͪͷͪʹͭ ͺͻͰͬ΅ͻ͸ͪͽͪͬͼͳͷͬ͹Ͷ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳ
͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ͸Ͱͽ΅ͻͺͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΃ͳͺͽ΅ͻͳͽͰͺ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ͸ͪͼ΅ͻͫͳͽͰͳ͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬͳͰͽ͹ͬ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳͼ΅΄ͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͯ͵ͻͰͺΊͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪͬ͵͹Ίͽ͹͹ͽ͸ͪ΂ͪͶ͹ͽ͹͸ͪ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΊͽͪ͸ͪ͗ͱ͸ͪ
͊΅ͻͫͳΊͼͪ;͸ͳ΄͹ͱͰ͸ͳͼͽ͹ͽͳ΁ͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͷ͹ͬͰ ͍ͳͶͪͽ͹ͬ
.
͊ͶͰͯͬͪ΄ͳΊͽͰͽͪͺ͸ͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳΊ͸ͪͽͳͼ͵ͬ΅ͻ΀;ͼ΅ͻͫͳͽͰͰͼͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸ͼͺͻͳͷͪͷͶͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ
͸ͳͰͲͪͺͻͳͰͷͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͬ̾͊ ͼͬͼͳ΂͵ͳͽͰͼͶͰͯͬͪ΄ͳ͹ͽͽ͹ͬͪ͹ͫͶͪͭͳ͈ͻͳ͹ͽ͵ͪͲͪ͸̹ͪͰͶͭͻͪͯ
ͯͪͼͰ͹ͽ͵ͪͱͰ͹͵͹͸΂ͪͽͰͶ͸͹͹ͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͵ͪ͵ͽ͹ͳ ͯͪ͸ͰͼͰͼ΅ͭͶͪͼͳͼͺ΅Ͷ͸ͳΊ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͽͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ
͈ͻͳ΄ͳ͸ͪͬ΅ͻ΀;ͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͳΊͪ͸͵Ͷͪͬͬ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͼͰͲͪͺͶͪ΃ͬͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ΄Ͱͫ΅ͯͰͳͲͬͪͯͰ͸ͪ͹ͽ
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳΊͻͰͯͲͪͺͻͳͰͷͪ͸Ͱͽ͹Üͬ̾͊͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯ́̽ͪ΂ͳ΂ͽ͹ͬͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͻͪͲ΃ͳͻΊͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͪ
͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΊͬ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͽͪ ͵͹Ͱͽ͹ͼ΅ͻͫͳͽͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭͪͽͯͪͺͻͳͰͷͪͽ ͊ͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͲͷtͺ͹͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳu..., 2008).
͋;͵ͽͻΊͫͬͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͽ΂ͰͽͰͳͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͪͽͪͽͰͲͪ ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͼͰͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪ͹΄ͰͬͭͳͰͼͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸ͪͼͺͻͳͼ΅Ͱ
ͯͳ͸Ίͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͵΅ͷ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ͋ͪͲͳ΂ͪͼͽͳͷͪͼͬ͹ͳͷͰͼͽ͸ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽͽͪ ͬ
͵͹ͳͽ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͬͪ;ͺͻͪͬͶΊͬͪ͵͹ͪͶͳ΁ͳΊͽͪ͹ͽͯͬͰͽͰͺͪͻͽͳͳ͊ͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͪͽͪͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͪͺͪͻͽͳΊͳ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪ
ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪͽͪ ͺͪͻͽͳΊ ͸ͪ ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ ̺ ͽ͹Ͳͳ ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͺͪͶͳͽͰͽ ͳͷͪ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳ ͺ;͸͵ͽͪ ͹ͽ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ ͼͪ
ͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͼ΅ͼͼͷͰͼͰ͸͹͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͈͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯͳͻ͹ͬ͵ͳͽͰ͸͉ͪ͊͗ ͪͶͫͪ͸
΁ͳͽͰ͹ͽͽͰͲͳͼͰͶͳ΄ͪͼͰͳͲͼͰͶͬͪͽ͸ͪͺ΅Ͷ͸͹ ͪͼͶͰͯͽ͹ͬͪͼͰͲͪͬͻ΅΄ͪͽ ͵ͪͽ͹ͳͷͪͽͬͼͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͵
ͽ͹ ͳ ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͽ͹ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͊Ͱͻͫͼ͵ͳʹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵
. ͋͹ͬͪ ;ͽ͹΂͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ Ͱ ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹ ͵ͪͽ͹ ͼͰ
ͳͷͪͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͭͰ͸͹΁ͳͯͪ͸ͪͯͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵͹ͽ͹͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͬͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͪΉͱ͸ͪͽͪ΂ͪͼͽ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹.
̺ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼͶͰͯ͸ͪͼͽ΅ͺͳͶͳͽͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͬ̾͊ͼͬ΅ͻͲͪ͸ͳͼͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͲͪ͸ͪͺ;ͼ͵ͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ͷ;
͹ͽ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸̺ͪͰͶͳ͵͹ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ΅ͽ͸ͪ͸͹ͬͺͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ̸ͬ͊͒ͳ͸ͪ΀Ͷ;ͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ͬ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͸ͪ
ͼͽ͹ͽͳ΁ͳͫͰͱͪ͸΁ͳ͹ͽͫͰͯͼͽͬͪ΄ͳͽͰͻͪʹ͹͸ͳ͸ͪ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸̸ͪͿͻͳ͵ͪͳ͊ͻͰͯ͸ͳΊ́Ͳͽ͹͵ ͼͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ίͳ
ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΊͽͪ͸̹ͪͰͶͭͻ͇ͪͯͭͶͪͬΊͬͪ΄ͪͽͪ͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽͪͺ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͫͻͪ͸ͪͬͼ͵;ͺ΄ͳ͸ͪͽͪͪͅͻͳΊ
͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ΂ ͵͹Ίͽ͹ͰͳͲͪͷͺͻͰͯͼͰͯͪͽͰͶ͸ͪ͊ͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͪͽͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͪ ͺͪͻͽͳΊ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
ͬ΅ͺͻ͹ͼͳͲͪͼΊͭͪ΄ͳ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ ͉;ͼͳΊͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͪͬͼͽͻͳʹͼ͵ͳΊt%JF1SFTTFu͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸ͰΊ ͸ͪͺͻͰ
ͱͰ͸ͳͰͽ͹ͷͰͱͯ;̹ͰͶͭͻͪͯͳ͈ͻͳ΄ͳ͸ͪͳͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͰͯ΅Ͷͱͳ͸ͪ͸ͰͱͰͶͪ͸ͳͰͽ͹͸ͪ
ͷͰͼͽ͸ͳͽͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳͯͪͼͰͼ΅͹ͫͻͪͲΊͽͼ΅ͼͼ΅ͬͷͰͼͽ͸ͳͽͰͺͻͰͯͬͪͻͳͽͰͶ͸ͳͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽ̹ͻΉ͵
ͼͰͶ͊΅΄ͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͪͶͪͭͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͼͪ͸͵΁ͳͳͼͻͰ΄;͉;ͼͳΊ ͪͳ͸ͳ͵͹ʹͬ̾͊
72
͸ͰͽͻΊͫͬͪͯͪ͹΂ͪ͵ͬͪ͹ͽ͸ͰΊͯͪͺͻͰͯͺͻͳͰͷͰͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸ͳ͸ͪ͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶ͸ͳͷͰͻ͵ͳ͋Ί͸ͰͱͰͶͪͰͯͪͬͶͰͲͰͳͬ
̸͇͆͋ Ͳͪ΄͹ͽ͹ͽ͹ͬͪ΄Ͱ͸ͪͻ;΃ͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͳͻͪ͸ͳΊ͹ͽ͸ͰΊ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͳͽͰͽ ͊Ͱͻͫͼ͵ͳʹͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵
.
͈ͻͰͲͶΊͽ͹ͽ͹͸ͪͽͪͲͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͰͲͪͼͳͶͬͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͽͪ͹ͽͭͰͻͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼ͹΂Ͱ͸ͪ͵΅ͷ͸ͪͶͪͭͪ͸Ͱ
͸ͪͼ΅ͻͫͳͽͰ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹ͼͽͽͪ͹ͽͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ΁ΊͶ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͵ͪͽ͹͹ͽͯͰͶ͸ͪͯ΅ͻͱͪͬͪ̀ͪͼ΅ͻͫͳͽͰ
͹ͫͪ΂Ͱ ͳͲͫͳͻͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸͉ͪͪͷ;΃͎ͪͻͪͯͳ͸ͪʹ ͈͹΂Ͱͷ;̹ͰͶͭͻͪͯ...,
ͲͪͺͻͰͷͳͰͻ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͽͰͶͼͽͬ͹ͽ͹
͈ͬͻͳ΄ͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͯͳͽ͹ͬͪ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵̸͇ͬ̓͵ͪͽ͹ͬ͹Ͱ͸Ͱ͸͵͹ͷͪ͸ͯͳͻ͸ͰͰͺͻͳͰͷͶͳͬ͹͊ͪͷͳΊͽͽ͹ʹ
ͲͪΊͬΊͬͪ ΂Ͱtͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͽͪ͸̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΊͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͽͳͭ͸Ͱͳͯ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆ͳ΃u ͵͹Ͱͽ͹Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͲͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ
ͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͪͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΊͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳΊͼͺ͹ͻͰ͸ͬ΅ͺͻ͹ͼ
̀ͪͼͶ;ͱͪͬͪͼͳͯͪͲͪͬ΅ͻ΃ͳͷͰͼͺͻͳͬͰͱͯͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͺ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͽͰͬͪͻͳͪ͸
ͽͳ͹ͽͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳ͸Ͱͬͳ͸ͪͭͳͰͯ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͪͽͪͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͪͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΊ͵΅ͷͽΊ΀ ͼͳͲΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰͽ͹͸ͪ
ͺͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽͪ͸ͪ͊΅ͻͫͳΊ͋͆ͳ͵͹Ͷͳ΂͊ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͽͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͹ͽ
͸Ί͵͹ʹͯͰʹͼͽͬͪ΄ͼͻ΅ͫͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͬͫ΅ͯͰ΄Ͱ΄Ͱͯ͹ͬͰͯͰͯ͹ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͬ͹ʹ͸ͪ̀ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͺ͹ͯ͹ͫͰ͸
ͪ͵ͽ Ͱ͸Ͱͬ΅Ͳͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͲͪͺͻͳͰͷͪ͸Ͱ͹ͽ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͳΊ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͆ͳ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ͸ͳͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹...,
.
͉ͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͷͰͱͯ;̹ͰͶͭͻͪͯͳ͈ͻͳ΄ͳ͸ͪͬͼͰ͹΄ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽ͹ͳ̽͹ͭ͹ͶΊͷͪͼͽͰ
ͺͰ͸ͬ΅ͻ΀;͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͽ͹ͫ΅ͯͰ΄Ͱ΄Ͱ͹͵ͪͱͰͬͶͳΊ͸ͳͰͳ͹΂ͪ͵ͬͪ͸ͪͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳΊ
ͺͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ̽͋ͻ΅ͷͺ ͵ͪ͵ͽ͹ͳͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΊͽͪ͸ͪͬͼͰͺ͹Ͳͪͽ͹ͻͷ͹ͲͰ͸ͳΊͼ΅ͼͼͬ͹ͳͽͰͬ΅ͽͻͰ΃͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ
͇̾͊ͽͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͰͳͲͪͼͳͶͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͻ;ͼ͵ͪͽͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰ͵ͪͽ͹΁ΊͶ͹
̺ͼ΅΄͸͹ͼͽͬͻ΅΄ͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸͉ͪ;ͼͳΊ͹ͽ͸͹ͬ͹͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͽͰͰ͸ͪʹ-ͭ͹ͶΊͷͪͽͪ͸ͪͯͰͱͯͪ͸ͪͼ΅ͻͫͳͽͰ ͪͳ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͽΊ΀ ͲͪͲͪͺͪͲͬͪ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͽͪͬΊͻͪͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͽͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɬɨɪɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɤɪɢɡɢɫɚɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɛɵɜɲɟɣɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɢɢ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ

Ɍ–ɝɝ ɋ. 204–Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɂɧɞɪɢɤ
Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɬɨɪɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɤɪɢɡɢɫɚɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɛɵɜɲɟɣɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɢɢ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ
Ɍ ȱȱȱ–ɝɝ ɋ. 60, 101, 214–215, 274–Ɇɨɫɤɜɚɂɧɞɪɢɤ
ȺɪɚɫȾɠ Ɍɟɪɨɪɢɡɦɜɱɟɪɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɢɧɚɜɟɤɢ Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Polit/Aras/index.php
ȼɢɥɢʄȾ ɢ Ɍɨɞɨɪɨɜɢʄ, Ȼ. Ɋɚɡɛɢʁɚʃɟȳɭɝɨɫɥɚɜɢʁɟ Ȼɟɨɝɪɚɞ: ȾɂɄɄʃɢɠɟɜɧɟɧɨɜɢɧɟ–
ȿɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢʁɚ.
ȽɟɨɪɝɢɟɜȽȽɨɬɜɢɥɢȿɋɚɧɲɥɭɫɧɚɄɨɫɨɜɨ" Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ http://opinions.bpost.bg/story-read-
15595.php
ȽɥɚɞɢɥɢɧɂɑɟɪɟɡɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟɱɚɫɵɋɟɪɛɢɹɨɬɞɚɫɬɄɨɫɨɜɨɉɪɢɲɬɢɧɟɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://www.km.ru/world/2013/04/05/situatsiya-vokrug-kosovo/707823-cherez-schitannye-chasy-
serbiya-otdast-kosovo-prish
Ƚɪɭɡɞɟɜɋ. (2001). ɉɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢɢɩɪɢɱɢɧɵɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɊɟɫ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɢɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɢɢ ɆɨɫɤɜɚɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚKWWSVUELMDQDURGUXSULFKLQ\KWPO
73
Ƚɭɫɶɤɨɜɚȿ(1992). ɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɢɹɜɨɝɧɟ: ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵɮɚɤɬɵɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ–1992).
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɧɮɨɪɦ.
Ƚɭɫɶɤɨɜɚȿ (1999). ɄɬɨɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɜɄɨɫɨɜɟ"Ɇɨɫɤɜɚʋ3, ɫ. 16–24Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://www.moskvam.ru/1999/03_99/guskova.htm
Ƚɭɫɶɤɨɜɚȿ (2001). ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ–2000). ɆɨɫɤɜɚɊɭɫɫɤɨɟɩɪɚɜɨ
Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɮɨɧɞ
Ƚɭɫɶɤɨɜɚȿ (2003). ȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɨɟɫɟɰɟɫɫɢɨɧɢɫɬɫɤɨɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɜɄɨɫɨɜɟ ȼȺɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɬɨɪ
ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚɧɚȻɚɥɤɚɧɚɯ. ɋ–53. ɆɨɫɤɜɚɂɇɂɈɇɊȺɇ
ȾɟɬɪɟɡɊ. ɄɨɫɨɜɨɈɬɥɨɠɟɧɚɬɚɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɋɨɮɢɹɄɪɚɥɢɰɚɆɚɛ
ɂɫɤɟɧɞɟɪɨɜɉɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ). Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ«ɞɜɭɯȽɟɪɦɚɧɢɣ» ɞɥɹȻɟɥɝɪɚɞɚɢɉɪɢɲɬɢɧɵɊɭɫ
ɫɤɚɹɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹɥɢɧɢɹɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɥɭɠɛɚ Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://ruskline.ru/monitoring_smi/2012/10/04/model_dvuh_germanij_dlya_belgrada_i_prishtiny/
Ʉɢɪɶɹɤɨɜɘ ɋ ɢȼɨɥɤɨɜɚ, ȿ Ƚ ɎɚɤɬɨɪɵɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɋɎɊɘɢɋɋɋɊɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-
ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚKWWSZZZSDQGLDUXWH[WSKS
ɄɨɫɨɜɨɢɆɟɬɨɯɢɹ, 25 ɦɚɪɬ). Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪ ʋɫɬɪ. ɋɨɮɢɹ.
Ɇɟɬɟɋ. (2007). ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɧɚɚɥɛɚɧɰɢɬɟɈɬɢɥɢɪɢɬɟɞɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚɄɨɫɨɜɨ ɋɨɮɢɹ:
Ɋɢɜɚ
ɆɢMɚɥɤɨɜɫɤɢɆ ɢ ȾɚɦMDɧɨɜɆ. Ɍɟɪɨɪɢɡɚɦɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɯɟɤɫɬɪɟɦɢɫɬɚ. ɉɪɢɥɨɝ,. Ȼɟɨ
ɝɪɚɞ
ɇɢɤɨɥɢɱɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɄɨɫɨɜɨɨɛɟɪɧɺɬɫɹɞɥɹɋɟɪɛɢɢɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣɜɨɣɧɨɣ (2015, 15 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ).
ɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚKWWSVUHJQXPUXQHZVKWPO
ɉɨɱɟɦɭȻɟɥɝɪɚɞɢɤɨɫɨɜɫɤɢɟɫɟɪɛɵɞɨɥɠɧɵɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɚɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɨɜ" (2017, 18
ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ). ɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚKWWSPDUNHWVLJQDOUXSRFKHPX-belgrad-i-kosovskie-serby-
dolzhny-podderzhivat-albanskix-terroristov/
ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɚ, ȿ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ«Ʉɨɫɨɜɨ»ɆɚɮɢɹɇȺɌɈɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚȼȺɂɎɭɪɫɨɜ
ɫɨɫɬ'H&RQVSLUDWLRQHɈɁɚɝɨɜɨɪɟɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɣɆɨɫɤɜɚɌɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɫɬɜɨɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ
ɢɡɞɚɧɢɣɄɆɄ
ɉɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɢɡɚɫɬɚɬɭɬɚɧɚɄɨɫɨɜɨɫɥɟɞɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɹɧɟɬɨɧɚɩɥɚɧɚÄȺɯɬɢɫɚɚɪɢ´– 02.
2008). Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚKWWSLQIRFHQWHUEQWEJFRQWHQWYLHZIXOO
ɉɪɨɰɟɫ ɡɚɫɬɚɬɭɬɚɧɚɄɨɫɨɜɨɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13745&Itemid=480
ɋɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɡɦ«ɩɨ-ɤɨɫɨɜɫɤɢ»ɦɧɟɧɢɟȻɟɥɝɪɚɞɚ (2008, 14 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ)Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://flot3000.com/ru/analitics/728
ɋɟɪɛɫɤɢɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤȻɟɥɝɪɚɞɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɦɟɠɞɭɞɪɭɠɛɨɣɫɊɨɫɫɢɟɣɢɟɜɪɨɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɟɣ,
02 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ)ȼ Die Presse ɨɧɥɚɣɧ ɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚKWWSVUXVVLDQUWFRPLQRWY-04-
02/Serbskij-politik-Belgrad-balansiruet-mezhdu
ɍɭɞȿ. (2000). ɄɨɫɨɜɨɢɧɨɜɢɹɬɢɦɩɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɴɦȼȽɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɢɧɚɫɜɟɬɚɋɤɪɢɬɢɬɟɰɟɥɢɧɚ
ɜɨɣɧɚɬɚɧɚȻɚɥɤɚɧɢɬɟɋɨɮɢɹɇɨɜɚɡɨɪɚ
Ɏɢɥɚɬɨɜ, ɋ, 04 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ). ɋɟɪɛɫɤɢɣɬɭɩɢɤȻɟɥɝɪɚɞɯɨɱɟɬɧɨɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭ
ɩɚKWWSWUXHLQIRUPUXPodules.php?name=News&sid=9213
74
Ɏɭɫɤɚɫ, ȼ. Ʉɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɢɡɨɧɢ ɋɨɮɢɹȺɪɝɨɩɴɛɥɢɲɢɧɝ
ɮɟɜɪɭɚɪɢɝɄɨɫɨɜɨɨɛɹɜɹɜɚɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬ Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://infocenter.bnt.bg/content/view/full/2379
Joviǀ, D. (2003). +VHPTMBWJKB–ESßBWBLPKBKFPEVNSMBVTQPO LSJ[BJQBE,BSEFMKFWF+VHPTMBWJKF –

Zagreb1SPNFUFK
ANƀEV I. STEFAN
5)&,04070$0/'-*$5"/%015*0/4'03*543&40-7*/(
SUMMARY
The Kosovo conflict was conceived in the mid ‘90s of the 20th century and is part of the US policy for
breaking Yugoslavia into pieces, arising of the permanent conflict in the Balkans and for destabilization of
European integrations. Through this conflict, Washington and its NATO allies realize some kind of revenge
against the USSR/Russia due to its influence in the Balkans after the Second World War. Just like during the
Crimean War, this time again, the Catholics and Protestants from the West are against Orthodoxy. The
result of this comprehensive intervention is UIFFTUBCMJTINFOUPGUIF.VTMJNTUBUF#PTOJBBOE)FS[FHPWJOB
as well as the political domination of Islam in the Balkans, namely in the south of Serbia and in the so-called
Republic of Kosovo. Only five years later, the situation in Europe, Russia and in the Balkans has been signifi-
cantly changed. The new reality implies new options in the policy of the West, something that is not new
and has already happened in the Balkans in the past two centuries is going on again.
,&:803%4 Kosovo, Russia, the USA, the EU, Serbia.

̸̸͈͉͉̻͚̹̾̽́ͣ͠ 1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ

̸̻͉͆́͏̸̸̸̸̸̸͇͇̹̺̾̓͋͐̓͊͌̓͢͡
̸̸̻͇̹͇̻̈́̈́͆́͆͏̸͇͇̻́͆̈́͆͌
̸̺͇͈͉̹̽͆̾͆͑͋́͊́̾͠͠ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͻͰͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͽͰͷͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
͵ͪ͵͹;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͵ͻ͹ͲͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͳ̹ͻͰͭͲͳͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹͸
ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ;ͬͰͲͪ͸FͲͪͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͰ;̸͊̽͌ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͰΒͲͪͱ;ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͼ;ͷΔͳ;ͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͶͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̽ͳͶͰͷͰͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳͶͰͲͪͺͪ
ͱͰ͸ͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳͽͰͽͳ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͸ͪ΃ͶͰͼͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͺͻ͹
ͱͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ– ͹ͯ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ
ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺ͸ͳ΀ ͯ͹͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͰͷͺͪͽͳΒͰͳͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͏ͳΓ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ͹;ͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͽ͹͵͹ͷͳͺͻͬ͹ͭ͵ͬͪͻͽͪͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
;ͽͬͻͯͰͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷͪͫͳͶͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱ;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷͶͳͼͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸͹ͬͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͳͯͪΓͰͳͷͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔ;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺͪͼͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͷ͹ͭ;;͹΂ͳͽͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳͳ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͸ͪͻͪͽͳͬͳ
͑ͳͻ͹͵;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸;;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ͳͷͪͻͰ΂tͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪi ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱ
ͬ͸͹ͷͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ; ͪͶͳͳͬͰΕ;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ͵;͸ͯͳ ;͵;΁ͪͬͪΔͰͷͽͰͻͰ΂ͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͷͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ
͸Ͱͽ;͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͸̻ͪ;ͭͶ; 2 ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͶͳΒͰ͹ͽ͵;΁ͪ͸ͪ͸ͪΕͳͻͳͶͳ΁ͳͳͶͳͶͪͽͳ͸ͳ΁ͳ ;
ΒͰͯ͸ͳ͸ͳͳͶͳ;ͷ͸͹ͱͳ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͭ;ͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪͽͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͷͬͰͼͽͳͷͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳt́ͼͽͪ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪi Ͷͳ͸͵͵ͪͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͳͲͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͻ;ͫͻͳ͵Ͱͺ͹ͻͽͪͶ̺ͪͰ΂ͰͻΔͳ΀͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ)3 ͳ
t̓ͪͱΔͪͬͪΔͰͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ ͫ͹ͯ͹ͬͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͲͪͫ;ΘͰͽ͑ͽͪͼͬͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͯ͹͸͹ͼͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͳͲ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
1
predrag.bajic@sbb.rs
2
www.google.rs ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 22. 9. 2017.
3
www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/ekonomija/aktuelno.239.html-Ista-pravila-i-preko-granicaͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ
͸͹ 22. 9. 2017.
76
̸̸͈͉͉̻͚̹̻̾̽́ͣ͠ͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ΂͵ͪͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Β΃ͽͪͷͺͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪi Ͷͳ͸͵͵ͪͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͼͪͺ͹ͻͽͪͶ̹ͪͶͳ΁ͪ)4̀ͪͽͳͷ ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰͬͳͯͰͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͸ͪ ̺ͳ͵ͳͺͰͯͳΒͳ XXXXJLJQFEJBPSH
ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ t͉͹΃͹ͬͰ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱi tͪ͠ͽ͹ͬͰ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱi
t̽ͳͬͰͻͭͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱi t̸ͬ͸͹Βͼ͵Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱi͋;ͼ;ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻt̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪͶͳͳͶͳ
͸Ͱ ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͋ͳ΀͹ͭͳ̸ͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͹͵Ͱͪ͸ͪi ͳͶͳt̻ͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ
̽;͸ͪͬ;– ͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͪͻͫͳͽͻͪͱͪi6 ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͽͪͶ;͉͋͊-ͪ).
͈ͻͳͷͰͻͪΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͺͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ;͵͹ΒͰͷΕͰͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͽͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͳ
͵ͪ͵͹ ΕͰ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͽͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ tͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳi ͌ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͽ͹ ΒͰ tͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͳͶͳ ͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͵ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͳͷͪΔͪ ͳͶͳ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰi ̀ͪ͸ͳ͸ͳ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͰͷͪ ͍ͻͳͯͻͳ΀;͉ͪ΁ͰͶ; 'SJFESJDI3BU[FM
͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹ͷ
ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿ;ͳͰͽ͸͹ͭͻͪͿ;ͳͲ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ tͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͫͰͲͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͽͪ΂ͪ͵ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵͹
͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹i ; ;JFOUBSB ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͉Ͱ΂͸ͳ͵; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͭͰ͹
ͭͻͪͿͼ͵Ͱ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͆ͪͽͪͶͳΒͰ ͪͅͼͽͳͶ͹ ͻͰ΂ tͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪi ͼͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵
ͼͽͳͷͪ ͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͸Ͳͪ͹ͬͪΒͻͪͯΒͰͼͽͰͺ͹Βͪͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹tͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͪ͹ͯͬͪΒͪΒͰͯ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ;͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰ
͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͼͰͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͬͪͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͪ͵͹ ͼ;ͯͬͰͲͰͷΓͰͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ ͳͶͳͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͪͺͻͰͼͰ΁ͪ
͸Ͱ͵;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸;΁ͰͶͳ͸;ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͪ͵͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪͯͬͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi ͪͅͼ
ͽͳͶ͹
7.
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͺ͹Βͪͷ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͰͿ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪͽͳ͹ͬ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͪ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͪ͵ͽ;
ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽ͸Ͱ;ͺͳͽ͸ͪ͌ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͼͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ͯͪͼͰͳͯͰ͵ͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͽ͹ͭͺ͹Βͷͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
͸ͪͽͪͶͪͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͌ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ;ͼͶͰͯͳͶͰ ͌ͻͶͳ΀̹Ͱ͵ 6SMJDI #FDL
ΒͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͵ͪ͵͹
tͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͫͪͲͳ΂͸ͳ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ – ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ͵Ͷͪͼͪ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ Βͪͬ͸ͪͼͿͰͻͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΓͰ – ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͿͳ͵
ͼͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͯͪͼͰͻͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃;ͳͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ;Β;;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;
ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͷͪi ;̓ͪͼͽͰͶͼ ͼͽͻ
̻͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ͼͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ
tͻͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͶͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͷ͹Εͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪi ͳͼͽ͹
ͪtͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰiͳtͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ
ͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΂͸;Ͱͻ͹ͲͳΒ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳi ̀͹ͻ͵͹
ͼͽͻ
̀ͪ ͪ͠͸ͪ ̸ͻͽͪ ͑͹Ͷͽͪ +BO "BSU 4DIPMUF
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ tͻͰ͵͹͸Ϳͳͭ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͷͪͺͳͻͪ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͼͽͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͻͪͲͯͪΓͳ͸ͪ ͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪi ; $SPVDIFS ͼͽͻ

͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ
4
www.blic.rs/vesti/drustvo/kaznjavanje-roditelja-48-bodova-granica-za-budzet-sta-sve-novo-donose-zakoni-
iz/27e12dsͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 22. 9. 2017.

www.rts.rs/page/magazine/sr/storyzanimljivosti/2827896/verovali-ili-ne-ovo-je-granica-izmedju-tihog-i-
atlantskog-okeana.htmlͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 22. 9. 2017.
6
www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/storydrustvogranica-srbije-i-hrvatske-na-dunavu-dogovor-ili-
arbitraza.htmlͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 22. 9. 2017.
7
tadic.education/geografski-recnikͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 23. 9. 2017.
77
ͼͬͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͰͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͼͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ
Βͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͳ͹ͫͻͪͽ͸͹i (JEEFOT ͼͽͻ

́ͺͪ͵ ͳͪ͵͹ ΒͰ tͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͲ͸ͰͯͻͳͶͪ ͸ͪͯ; ; ͸͹ͬͳ
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͻͪͼͽ΂ͳΒͰΕͰͶ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͽͳͬͰͫͳͽͳ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰi ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͼͰͯͪΒͰ
ͼͬͰͯͪͶͰ͵͹͹ͯͳͯͰͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹tͳͼ͵ͪ͵ͪΔͪͳͲ΃ͳ͸ͪi ͯ͹ͼͽͪΔͪtͽ;ͭͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi ̓͹Ͱ͸
ͼͽͻ
t͆Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪͽͳͼͰ ͹ͯͽͰ͵͹ͬͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽΔͳ;
͵͹ΒͳͷͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹͸ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͳͼ;͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͽΔͪ
ͷͪͳͻͳͲͳ΁ͳͷͪi ̀͹ͻ͵͹ ͼͽͻ
ͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪͬͶͪͯͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͳͶͳͼ͸ͪ
ͱ͸ͳ΀͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͯ;Β;͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽ;ͫͶͳͼ͵͹Βͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͪͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͬͻͪΕͪΒ;ͼͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳ ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪ
ͽͰͼͽͳͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ΃ͳͻͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼͰ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͻͰͪͿͳͻͷͳ΃Ͱ ͼͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͸̹ͪͶͳͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͽ͹͵;ͳ;̸Ϳͻͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͯͳ΂͸͹ͳͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ͋ͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͪΒͰͺͻͳͷͰΕͰ͸ͪͳ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͸ͪ΃ͽͪ
;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͻͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͬͪΒͻͪͯ͹ͼͶͪΔͪ͌ͯͬͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͻͪͯͪͯ͹͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ– tͅͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ;͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰi ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̹ͪΒͳΕ
ͳt͈ͻ͹
ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͰ;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;͹ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Β΃ͽͪͷͺͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰi ͠Ͱͬ
ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̹ͪΒͳΕ
;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪͼͪͷͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͪ
ͷͪͳ͹͵͹Δͳ΀͊ͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͻͪͼͽ;Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͽ;ͽͰͷ;
͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͳͼ;ͼͬͰͽͰͷͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵;͵ͻͳͲ;ͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͳͲͪͼͪͷͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪΕͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͫͳͽͳͻͰ΂ͳ;͹ͬ͹ͷ ͻͪͯ;͈͹ͼͶͰͯ
Δͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͻͰͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͽͰͷͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ͹ͬͪΒͺ͹Βͪͷ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
t̹ͻͰͭͲͳͽͪi ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ;ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͲͪͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͰ;̸͊̽ͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
͊ͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰͼͺ͹ͷͳΔ;ͲͪͫͻͪΔͳͬͪΔͪ ;Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ
ͼ;ͼͺͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ
͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
ͳ
ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ ͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͌ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͰΒͲͪͱ;ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͼ;ͷΔͳ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ
ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͶͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̽ͳͶͰͷͰͼ; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͰΕͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͯ͹ͫͳͶͰͲͪͺͪͱͰ͸ͺ;ͫͶͳ
΁ͳͽͰͽͳ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͸ͪ΃ͶͰͼͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΒ;
Εͳ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ– ͹ͯ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͰ
ͻͰ͹ͽͳͺ͸ͳ΀ ͯ͹͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͰͷͺͪͽͳΒͰͳͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̸͇͇͇̻̾͋̽̈́́͠ͅ
͏ͳΓ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ͹ ;ͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͳ ͺͻͬ͹ͭ ͵ͬͪͻͽͪͶͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͽͬͻͯͰͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷͪͫͳͶͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱ;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷͶͳͼ
ͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸͹ͬͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͳͯͪΓͰͳͷͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;
;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺͪ ͼͰ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͷ͹ͭ; ;͹΂ͳͽͳ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ
78
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵;Εͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͶͰͼͪ
΃ͽͪͷͺͰͳ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͰͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͳ;ͬͻ΀;ͺ͹ͼͰΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ8 ͋ͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵;ΕͰΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵;ͼͺͰͬͪΒ;ͯͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓ;Β;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ;΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳͷ
ͳͲͯͪΔͳͷͪ ͯͪtͺͻͰͯ;΀ͳͽͻͰͬͰͫͳͶͳͭͪͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͲͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;ͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒ;i ̹ͪΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈ͶͪͼͳͻͪΔͰͷͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͼͰͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹΃ͳͻ;ΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸;΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸͹ͷͳͲͯͪΔ;
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳΒͰ͹ͼͶ͹ΔͰ͸͹͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;
ͬͰͲͳͼͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ͌Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͼ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͲͶͪͲͳͶͰ;͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ;͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪͺͻͬ͹ͭ͵ͬͪͻͽͪͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͋͹ͼ;
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ, ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ, ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ, ̹Ͷͳ΁, ̓;ͻͳͻ, ̸Ͷ͹ ͳ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ͇ͯͶ;͵ͪͯͪͽ͹ͫ;ͯ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ
͸ͳ΁Ͱͯ͹͸ͰͽͪΒͰͲͫ͹ͭ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪͼͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽ;ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͰͽͰͷͰͺͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;;ͻͰΌͳ
ͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͽͳͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸͈ͪ͹ͶͪͲͳͼͰ͹ͯͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͯͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ
͸ͪͷͪ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪͺͪͱΔ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰΔͰ͸ͪͪͭͰ͸ͯͪ ΃ͽ͹ͳͲͯͻͱͳͺͻ͹ͬͰͻ;͹ͯͻͰ
ΌͰ͸ͳ΀t΂;ͬͪͻͪi ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͳΒͪͬ͸ͪͪͭͰ͸ͯͪ ͯ͹͵͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;– ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁ͳͯ͸Ͱ
ͬ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͼͷͰͻ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽͪͯͪͷͳͼͶͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹͹΂Ͱͷ;ͯͪͷͳͼͶͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ
– (BUFLFFQJOHUIFPSZ, "HFOEBTFUUJOHUIFPSZ
͇Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͫͶ͹͵ͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳtͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪ
͹ͯͼͽ͹ ΂ͳͽͪͶͪ΁ͪ ;͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͰi ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ̸ͻͪ΁͵ͳ ,
ͼͽͻ

͌ͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ ͺ͹Βͪͷ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ
ͺͻͰͺͶͳΕ;͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰtΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵;;ͬͻͰͱͳͶͪͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͪ͸ͰͶͪͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͲͫ͹ͭͼͬͰͬͰΕͰͷ͹Εͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͪ
ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͼ; ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͰ ͸ͪ ͽͰͼ͸; ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͲͪͷ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ ͳͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͯ
ͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͳͬͪ΂ͪi ̓͹ͻ͸ͳ ͼͽͻ
͆͹ͬͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹͹ͼͶͪͫͳͶͰ΃ͽͪͷ
ͺ;ͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͰ͹ͯͼͺ͹Γͪ΃Δͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͺ͹Βͪͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹ͯͰ͹͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀͹ͯͫͳͽ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͷͪͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ΒͰͺͪͱΔͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ
ͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ ͸ͪͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ ͳͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ
ͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳͷͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͆ͳͼ;ͻͪ΂;͸ͪ
ͽͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͼͪͷ͹ͭͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͲͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼͪ ͵ͪ͹͸ͳͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͷͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͫͶ͹
͵͹ͬͳͷͪͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͼͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵; ͯ͹͵ͼͰͺͻ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͰͷΒͰͯͳ͸͹͵ͻ͹ͲͽͰ͵ͼͽ
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͺͻ͹ΌͰ ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰΕͰ͸ ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͪͱΔͪ ΒͰ ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ ͵ͪ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ
͵ͪͻͳ͵ͪͽ;ͻͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͰͿͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͫͰͲͻͰ΂ͳ ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ͹ͼͽͪͬͰ;ͺͰ΂ͪͽΓͳͬ;ͽͳͼͪ͵ͳͯͪΒͪͼ͸͹ͺ͹΃ͪΓ;ͺ͹ͻ;
͵;;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͽͳͷͪͳͼͪͷ͹ͭͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;ͽͰͷ;
͌ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͷ͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪͼͰͳͼͽͻͪͱ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;
ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹΁ͳͽͳͻͪ͸ͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰͽ͹ͭͺ͹Βͷͪ ͪ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͰͷͪͷͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰ Ͳͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͸ͪ Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀
8
͆ͪͺͻͬͪͯͬͪͷͰͼͽͪͺ͹ͺ͹ͼͰΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰΌ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰwww.blic.rs ͳwww.kurir.rs
(www.audience.rs ͳwww.alexa.com/topsites/countries/RS ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 24. 9. 2017).
79
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΁͈ͪ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ͸ͪͼͪͷͳͷͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͭͯͰΒͰ
tͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪi͵Γ;΂͸ͪͻͰ΂ ͵ͪ͹ͳͽͰͷͰ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͰ;ͬͰͲͳͼͽͳͷ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ
ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͲͪͼͪͷͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ– ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͳͶͳ ͼͰ͸ͪΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂
͸ͳͷͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͷͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ͋͹ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͵͹ͺ͸Ͱ͸ͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͻͰ΂͸Ͱͳͷ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͹ͯͰ ͺ͹ͯ
;ͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͯͪ ͼͪͷ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ ͳͷͪ ͬͰͲͰ ͳ ͼ ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͰ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͶͳͼͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͰ͵͹ΔͰ͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͼ;ͳͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ
͸ͪͪͰͻ͹ͯͻ͹ͷͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ; ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ͸ͳ
Βͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸ͰͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸
ͽ͸ͪͼ;ͺͳͽͪΔͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͲͪ͑Ͱ͸ͭͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͸ͰͯͪͶͳΕͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͳ΁ͰͳͶͳͺ͹͹΃ͽͻͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͰ ͳͶͳΕͰ ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹Β
ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͻͪͷͺͪ
ͬͰΕ;
ͬͰͲͳͼͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵͹ͷͼͪͷ͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͶͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ
΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺͪ͸ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ
͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͼ;͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͼͰͯͪͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͲͶͪͲͳͶͰ;
͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ;;ͳ;ͺͻͬ͹ͷ͵ͬͪͻͽͪͶ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͯͯͪ͸ͪ ͪͶͳͳͷͪΔͰ ;
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ ͬͳ͵Ͱ͸ͯ-ͯͬ͹ͫͻ͹Βͪ ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
– ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ,
̽ͪ͸ͪͼ, ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ, ̹Ͷͳ΁, ̓;ͻͳͻ, ̸Ͷ͹ ͳ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ͉ͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͲͪ͹ͬͪΒͻͪͯ͸ͪ΃ͪ͹ͼͰ
;ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷͪͶ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ΃Ͱͼͽͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪ
͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁͈ͪͻͬͪͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͪ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ΒͰͼͽͰͳͲ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͹ͯΒͪ͸;
ͪͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬt͊ͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ΁ͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͼͽͻͪͯͪΔͪ– ͪͅͻ΃ͼͷͻͽͳ
ͯ;ͱͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫͪͶͰͪͯ͠ͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪi ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͪͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵ͰͳͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ;
͈ͻͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͽ;ͳͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΔ;ͺͻͰ͵͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪΒͰͳͲ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͹ͯͷͪͻͽͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ– t͋Ͱͷͪ͸ͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͬͳͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵ͳͽͪͶͪͼ– ͈Ͷͳͷͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪΕͰͽͰ͵ͯͪͻͪͼͽͰi ͳͶ;ͼͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒ͹ͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͫͻ͹ͯ;;ͅͰͯͳͽͰͻͪ͸;ͳͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸͸ͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸t̽ͰͼͰ
ͽͳ͸Ͱ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͼͺͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͰͯͪͳͶͰͭͪͶ͸͹;Ό;;͊ͻͫͳΒ;͊ͬͪ͵͹ͭͯͪ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁;ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹͹ͫͰͲ
ͫͰΌ;ΒͰͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪΒͪ΁ͪi
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͶͳͼͽ͸ͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͼͰ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
͸ͪ΃Ͷ͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ͹ͬͪΒͻͪͯ͋͹ͷͶͳͼͽ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ
͸͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͪͼͶͰͯͰ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ͳ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͼͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰͳͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪΒͰͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸ͪ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͽ͹ͯͪ
ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͽͰ͵ ͫͶͳͲ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͯ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ
΃Ͱͼͽ ̹Ͷͳ΁ ͺͰͽ ̓;ͻͳͻ ͳ̸Ͷ͹ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͪ
́͸ͪ΂Ͱ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ;̸Ͷ͹ ͳͺ͹ͯͬͪͺ;ͽͪ;͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΁ͳ ͳ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͳͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͼͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͯͪ͸;͸ͪΌ;ͯͬͪͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͪͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ
80
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ;ͯͰ͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳͼͽ͹ͬͪ;;͵;ͺ͸͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͰ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷ;ͳͶͳͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ
̻ͶͰͯͪΒ;Εͳͺ͹͵ͬͪͻͽͪͶͳͷͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͲͪ͹ͬͪΒͻͪͯ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
ͷͪ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͷͰͼͰ΁ͳͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ;ͺͻͬ͹ͷ͵ͬͪͻͽͪͶ; Βͪ͸;ͪͻ–ͷͪͻͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
–
ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͫͳͶ͹;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͷ͵ͬͪͻ
ͽͪͶ; ͪͺͻͳͶ–Β;͸ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
– ͫͶͳͲ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ̸ͪ͵͹ͼͰͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͺ͹ͷͰͼͰ΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͻͰͶͰ
ͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹;ͷͪͻͽ; ͪ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ;ͪͺͻͳͶ;ͳͼͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹͵͹΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͺ;ͽͪͷͪΔͰ;
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͷͰͼͰ΁ͺͻͰͽ͹ͭͪ
̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪͼͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͵;Ͷͷͳ͸ͪ
΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͷͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͹͵͹͸ͪͼ ;ͬͰͲͳͼͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ ͯ͹ͭ͹
ͯͳͶͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͵ͻͪΒͰͷͲͳͷͰͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͺͳͼͪͶ͹͹ͲͪͽͬͪͻͪΔ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͻ;ͽͰ́ͷͪΒ;Εͳͽ͹;ͬͳͯ; Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͲͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͰΕ;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͷͰͼͰ΁;ͫͳͶ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͷͪΔͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ
ΔͪͲͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͷͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͳ͹͵͹Δͳ΀ ͪͽ͹ͷͰΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͪͳͺͻͰͯͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͪ͵ͪͷͺͪΔͪ
͸ͪͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͶͰΕͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͫͳͶͪ;
ͺ;͸͹ͷΒͰ͵;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪΒͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͪͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͵ͪͯͪΒͰ
ͻͰ΂͹ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͲͪ͹ͬͪΒͻͪͯ ͵ͪ͵͹;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͯͻ;
ͭͳͷͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳͷͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͽ;ͽͰͷ; Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ΔͰ͸͹͹ͯͬͪ
ΒͪΔͰ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ ͳͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͯͰ͹ͽ͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͷ͹ͭͪ͹;ͬͻͼͽͳͽͳͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͰ
81
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳͷ
ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͪͬͰͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ

̸̸̸͇̺͇͈͉͋̾̓͊͋͌̈́͆́́̀͌̾̈́͆́̾͢ͅ
͆ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͷͰͼͰ΁ͳΒͪͼ͸͹
ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;ͯ͹ ͺͻͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰ
ͷͪΔͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳͷͳ͹ͫͰͼ΀ͻͪͫͻ;Β;Εͳͷ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͅͰΌ;Δͳͷͪ ͬͪ͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳ
Βͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺͳͽͳͷ͹Ͳͪͳ͵ͻ;ͽͰ͵͹Β;ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁Ͱ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͳͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͪ
ͺ;ͽ; ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͹̹ͯͶͳͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̸Ϳͻͳ͵Ͱ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ̽͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͶͳͼͽ͹ͬͳͼ;;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳ
ͬͪͶͳͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͲͪͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵͹-ͭͻ΂͵;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁; ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ
͸ͳΒ;͹ͯͼͬͳ΀͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͳ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ
ͼͰ ͽ; ͸ͳͼ; Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ ͳͲͶͪͲͳͶͳ ͼ; ͳͲ ͽͳ΀ ͹͵ͬͳͻͪ ͳ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͶͳ ͼ; ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁ͳͷͪ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͹
ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͺͻͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵ͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ ́͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͼͬͳ΀ ͼͰͯͪͷ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳͼͽ͹ͬͪͼ;͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪͳͷͪͶͳͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͰ ͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹Β͵ͻͳͲͳ ͯ͹͵ΒͰͷͪΔͰͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͺͻͳͷͰΕͰ͸͹;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͷͪ
̓ͻͰΕ;Εͳ ͼͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͻ;ͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͼͰ ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ; Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪ ͼͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹-
ͽ;ͻͼ͵͹Βͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ;͵ͪͷͺ;;Ͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁;ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ;t̾ͻͯ͹ͭͪ͸͈ͻͰͺͶͪͬͳΕͰͷ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;
82
ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͷͪi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻ
t͋;ͻ΁ͳ;̾͌ͫͰͲͬͳͲͪ ͊ͳͻͳΒ΁ͳ͹ͼͽͪΒ;;͋;ͻͼ͵͹Βi
(͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͷͪͻͽ
ͳt͉Ͱͺ͹ͻͽͰͻ̽ͪ͸ͪͼͪ;ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵ͪͷͺ;;̓ͳͶͳͼ; ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ͋;ͻ
ͼ͵Ͱͳ͊ͳͻͳΒͰ– ͊ͳͻͳΒ΁ͳ;΂Ͱͽ;ͻͼ͵ͳͳͷͪ΃ͽͪΒ;͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳi ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͷͪΒ
͋;ΒͰͳͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͼ
ͅͰͯͳͽͰͻͪ͸ͪ ͫͶͳͲ;ͶͳͫͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫͪͶͰͳͶͳ͵̻ͪͻ΂͵͹Βͳ́ͽͪͶͳΒͳ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪͯͻͱͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹
ͽ͹͵͹ͷ΁ͰͶ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͺͻͪͬ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹
ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͪ͸͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͬͰΕͯ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΃ͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ;͸ͪͿ͹ͽ͹
ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ;ͲͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͲͪͲ͹ͬ;ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͰͰͷ͹΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳ͵ͪ͹
΃ͽ͹ͼ;t͌ͯͪͬͳͶͪͼͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪ;̾ͭͰΒͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͻ;i ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ Βͪ͸;ͪͻ
t̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͲͪͽͬͪͻͪͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ;ͺͻͳͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻ
t͊;ͻ͹ͬͪͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͺͻͳͽͳ
ͼ͵̸ͪͿͻͳ͵;– ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͳͶͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁i ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻ
ͳt̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͺͻͰͽͳ͸͹ͬͳͽͪͶͪͼ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͳͲ̸Ϳͻͳ͵Ͱi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ Βͪ͸;ͪͻ

͊ͶͰͯͰΕͪͫͳͽ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪͽͪ΂͵ͪ͸ͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪͼ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺ;ͽͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͸ͪ
;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ΒͰͼͽͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;̻ͻ΂͵Ͱͳͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͬͳͯͰͽͳ
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫ͹Βͪ ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͫͶͳͱΔͰͭ͵ͪͷͺͪ
ͳͶͳͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͪͲͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͰ͵;͆ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͺͻͪͽͰͭͶͪͼͰt̿Ͱͼͽ͹͵ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪ
ͭͻ΂͵͹-ͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵͹Βͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ– ͑͹͵ͫ͹ͷͫͪͷͪ͸ͪͳͲͫͰ
ͭͶͳ΁Ͱi ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͷͪͻͽ
t͈ͻ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͫͰͯͰͷ;͚ͰͬΌͰͶͳΒͳ– ͆ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;Β;ͻͳ΃ͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪ
ͽͪi ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ ͷͪͻͽ
tͅͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͳͶͳ ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͸ͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ͳ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͰi
(͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͷͪͻͽ
t́ͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͰͳͲ̻ͻ΂͵Ͱͼ͵ͻͰΕ;;̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒ;i ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͷͪͻͽ
t͎Ͱͯ
ͬͳͭͅ͹ͻͬͪͳ ͳͲͬͻ΃͸ͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͿ͹͸ͯͪͲ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ͹ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷͪͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸– ̀ͪͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪͻͳͲͳ͵;ΒͰͼͬ͹Β;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽi ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͷͪͻͽ
ͳ
t̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͼͰͫͻͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵͹Βͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͪͻ

͈͹͹΃ͽͻͪͬͪΔͰͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒ͹ΒͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵͹Βͻ;ͽͳ ͫͰͲͺͪͱΔͰͷͰͯͳΒͪ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͯͪ
ͼ;;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͰͳͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ ͹ͼͽͪͶͪΒͰͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͪ ͼͰ ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͬͰͲ;Β; Ͳͪ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͲͳͷͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ t̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͺͻͰͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͶͰΕ͸ͳ ͽͪͶͪͼ
ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ Βͪ͸;ͪͻ
ͳt͌Ϳ͹͵;ͼ;͈͌͊ͅͻͫͳΒͰͯͰͷͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͹ͯͪΒͰͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͪͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒ͹ͷ– ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͳͳ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒͳi
(̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻ

̓ͻͰΕ;ΕͳͼͰ͵ͪͼͰͬͰͻ; ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͼͰͯ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;ͺͪͱΔͰ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ΒͶͳ͸ͳΒͳ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͪͶͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪ
ͿͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͹ͬͪΒ ͻͪͯ ;Ͳ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ tͪͅΌͪͻͳ ͸ͪͷ
ͬͻͪΕͪΒ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͰ ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ͸ͪͼ͹ͭͻͪΌ;Β;– ̾͌͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹ͭ͹ͻ– ̽͹͵ͻͪΒͪͪͬͭ;ͼͽͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
͹ͼͽͪΒͰͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ i ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ, ͳΒ;Ͷ
ͳt͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͸͎ͪ͹ͻͭ͹΃;– ͑ͽͻͪΒ͵ͭͶͪΌ;
͸ͪ͵ͪͺͳΒͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ Β;Ͷ
͈͹ͺ;ͽͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͼͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͳͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͳͲͷͰΌ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͳͼ; ; ͺͻͬ͹ͷ ͺͶͪ͸; ͸ͪ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹Β ͵ͻͳͲͳ ͪͶͳͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͺͻͰ
ͼͬͰͭͪ ΁ͳΓͪΒ;Εͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ; ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ ̹ͰͲͯͪ͸–
̹ͪͽͳ͸ͪ ͸ͪͷ͹ͼͽ;ͺͻͰ͵͹̽;͸ͪͬͪ ;Ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬt͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪ ͺͪ;͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͶͪ͹ͭͻͪͯ;iͳ͹ͫΒͪ΃
83
ΔͰΔͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ t̀ͪͭͻͰͫ ͺ͹ͽͰͲ ͹ͫͻͪͲͶ͹ͱͳ͹ ͸ͪΒͰͲͯ͹ͷ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͳ͵͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͬͳͯͰ͹i <̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ
͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ Β;Ͷ>

͌ͷͰΌ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͺͪͱΔͪΒͰͺͻͰ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͼ;ͼͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
ͺͪ ͼͰ ͽͪ͵͹ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓ;Β; Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͼ Δͳ΀ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͬͳͯͰ ͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪΒ΁ͳ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͳͷͪ;Ͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁;͉ͪͲ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͪͿͳͻͷͳ΃Ͱ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ
͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͼͳ͸΀ͻ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰͰͶͳͽͰ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͻͱͪΔ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵͈ͪͻͪͽͰͳ΀͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳt͊ͪͬ͹Βͼ͵͹ͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳ
΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ̹ͪ;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹ͷ– ̀ͪͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸͹ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪi ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ, 18.
ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͪͻ
t̓ͪͻͪ;Ͷͪ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͪͲͫ͹ͭͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͪͻ
ͳt͊ͻͺͼ͵͹-
ͫ;ͭͪͻͼ͵;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁;΂;ͬͪͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪΒͪ΁ͪi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻ

͌Ͳ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ ͸ͪΒͼͬͰͱͳΒͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ; ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ΒͰͼͽͰ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪΔͰ
tͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪi Β͹΃ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ t͆͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͪ ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒ͹ͷ – ͅͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ ͸͹ͬ;
ͻ;ͽ;ͯ͹̾͌i ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͷͪͻͽ

͉ͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ;ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪͼͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͺ͹ͷͪ͵Ͷͪ
ͯͪΓͰ ͹ͯ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͺͪ ͼ; ͽͪ͵͹ ;͹΂Ͱ͸Ͱ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͯ͹ͽͳ΂; ͫ;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹-ͽ;ͻͼ͵Ͱ tͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵ͳ
ͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻ ͼͪ ͫ;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ ͵͹ͶͰͭ͹ͷ ̹͹Β͵͹ͷ ̹͹ͻͳͼ͹ͬͳͷ ͹ͫͳ΃ͪ͹ ͯͰ͹ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ – ͇ͻͫͪ͸ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͼͰ
ͫͻͪ͸ͳ ͸ͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͪ ͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͷi ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͪͻ
ͪ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹-͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ;Ͳ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ
ͫͶ͹͵t͌ͭͻ΂͵ͳͷͬ͹ͯͪͷͪͼͰΒ;΂Ͱ;ͯͪͬͳͶ͹ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ΂Ͱͽͬ͹ͻ͹ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͻ͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ–
͑ͬͰͯͼ͵ͪ ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪ ͯͰͺ͹ͻͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪi ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ Βͪ͸;ͪͻ
ͳ ͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹-΃ͬͰͯͼ͵Ͱ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ;Ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ– t̽ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳ͑ͬͪΒ
΁ͪͻͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͲ͸ͰΘͰͺ͹ͬͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ Βͪ͸;ͪͻ

͌ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͰ ͳ ͺͻͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ
ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹
ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪΔͰ ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ ͹ͯ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͳ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀
Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ΂ͪ͵ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔ;͑Ͱ͸ͭͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ t̽͹ͼͳΒͰͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸ͪͯͰͼ͸ͳ΁ͪ;
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ– ̾͌ΒͰͺͻͰͬͪͻͪ ͑Ͱ͸ͭͰ͸ΒͰͷͻͽͪͬi<͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻ>
͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹
ͯͰ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͳͯͪΓͰͷ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔ;ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͵͹ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͳͲͬͪ͸ͽͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͼͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;Β;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳͪͻͪ͸ͱͷͪ͸ͳͼͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͼͽͪ
ͬΓͪΔͰͷ͸ͪ ̹ͰͶ;΃Ͱ͸ͭͰ͸ͼ͵;Ͷͳͼͽ; ͬͰΕ ͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͪΒ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͵ͪ͹΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͼ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͷͳͶͳͻͰͬͳͲͳΒ͹ͷ ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͲͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒ;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭͺͻͰͶͪ
Ͳͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼ͎ͪͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͳͼͽͪ͵Ͷͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬt͌͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻ;͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͼͪͷͪͲͪ;ͶͪͲͪ͵;̾͌i͌ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪ
ͼͶ͹ͬ;ΒͰͺͻͰ͸ͰͽͼͽͪͬͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰ̿ͪ͸-̓Ͷ͹ͯͪ͠;͸͵Ͱͻͪ +FBO$MBVEF+VODLFS
͹
ͽ͹ͷͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰt̾͌͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͳ΀ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳi̸͵ͽ;
ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͲͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͰ΁ͳ ͺͪΒͰ̹Ͷͳ΁ ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪͺͳͼͪ͹t͋ͪ͵ͼͪͲͪ;ͶͪͲͪ͵;
ͲͰͷΓͰ̾͌Ͱͬͻͪi
͋ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͼ;ͯͰ͹ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͰtͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹
ͼͳͷͪi ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͽ͹ ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͳͼͺ͹ͯͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͪͶͳͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪ
84
Ͷͳ΀ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;ͭͻͪͿͳ͵;
͵͹ΒͪͼͰͯ͹ͽͳ΂ͰͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͳͼ;ͯͰ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ
ͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͵ͪ͹ͲͪͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ
ͪͭͯͰͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳ͹ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͰ ̸͊̽
͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ t̹ͻͰͭͲͳͽi ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͷͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹͵͹
Δͳ΀͋;ͼ;ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͺ͹ͺ;ͽͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀t͆ͪΒͬͰΕͰ̸͇͆͋ͬͰͱͫͰ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒ͹ͷi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ
͵ͪ Β;͸
t̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͳͱͰͲͳͯ͹ͬͰ ͪͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ;ͯͪͻͪΒ;ͳͲ͸;ͽͻͪi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͷͪͻͽ

ͳt͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳͬ͹Β͸ͳ΁ͳͫͻͪ͸Ͱͫͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͰ;ͺͻͳ͹ͫͪΓ;͊͹ͷͪͶͳΒͰ– ̹ͻͳͭͪͯͪͳͲ͈ͪ͸΂ͰͬͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ͹ͯ
ͭ;ͼͪͻͪi ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ Β;͸

͋ͻͰΕͪͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͺ͹Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ΒͰͼͽͰt̓ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͪͳ΀ͪͺ
΃ͰΔͪi ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ t̹ͳͬ΃ͳ ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰΓ ;΀ͪͺ΃Ͱ͸ ͸ͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͪ ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒ͹ͷ – ͈͹΂;΂ͳ ͺͻͰͽͳ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͪ i<̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͷͪͻͽ>
ͪͼͶͰͯͳΒͰt̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ;
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;i ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ;ͳͻͰͭͳ
͹͸ ͭͯͰ͸ͳͼ;;ͺͻͬ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;ͺͳͽͪΔͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ͵ͪ͹ͲͪͼͰͫ͸Ͱ΁ͰͶͳ͸Ͱ
͋;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͳͼͶͰͯͰ
Εͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͳt͆͹ͬͪͺͻ͹ͬ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲ̀ͪͭͻͰͫͪ– ̹͹ͯΓͳ͵ͪͬ͹ͷͱͳ΁͹ͷͼͰ͹ͭͻͪΌ;Β;͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪi
(̸Ͷ͹ Β;Ͷ
t͆ͪͶͳ΁;ͷͰͼͽͪ– ͉͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͷͬͻ΀; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͺͻͰͽΔͳ̸̸͆– ͋Ͱͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͸ͳ΃ͪ͸Ͱͼͪ
͈ͻ͹͵ͶͰͽͳΒͪ i ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͪͻ
ͳt͊ͷͳͻͳͬͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹-΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪͼͽͳi
(͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ Β;͸
;ͲͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒ;ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪ͸ͪͷ͹ͼͽ;ͺͻͰ͵͹̽;͸ͪͬͪͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱ
̓͹Ͷͳ͸ͯͰ̻ͻͪͫͪͻ-̓ͳͽͪͻ͹ͬͳΕͳͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻ̺ͪ;΂ͳΕͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;͹ͬ͹Β
ͭͻ;ͺͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳt́͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;̀Ͷͪͽ͵͹̺;Β͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͲͪͷ͹͸ͳͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͭͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ
– ͎ͪͻͷ͹͸ͳ΂͸ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͳ ͈͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͼ; Ͳͪͽͳ΃ΒͰi ;Ͳ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ ; ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ;
t̓ͪ͵͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͲͷͰΌ;͏ͻ͸Ͱ̻͹ͻͰͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹Βͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪͲͪ͵
Γ;΂ͳͶͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͯͰͷͪͻ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͷi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͷͪΒ

͈ͪͱΔͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͪͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͶͳ
͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͷͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͳ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ΒͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ΁ͪͷͪͽͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;
ͼ; ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͪ ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ ͳͲ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͺͻͰ ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻt͊ͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ΁ͪͺͻͬͰͺ͹ͫͰͯͰ͸ͪ͊͹Ͷ;͸ͼ͵͹ͷͿͻ͹͸ͽ;– ͉ͪͽ͸ͳ
ͺͪ͵ͪ͹ ; ͹ͫͶͪ΁ͳͷͪ ̓ͪΒͷͪ͵΂ͪͶͪ͸ͪi ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͪͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ ͳͷͪ ͳ ;
̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͳͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳͷͪ.
́Ͳͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͳ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ t̹Ͷ͹͵ͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͳͼͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸͹ͭ ͪͿͶͪͽ͹͵ͼͳ͸ͪ –
͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͻͪͷͺͪͲͪΒ͹ͭ;ͻͽͳͲ͆ͳ΃ͪi<̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͷͪͻͽ>
ͳͯͻ;ͭͰͽͰͷͰ ͸ͪͺͻͳ
ͷͰͻt͌ͺͶͪ͸;ͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ̽;͸ͪͬ;͆Ͱ΃ͽͳ͸– ̹ͪ΂͵͈ͪͪͶͪ͸͵ͪ́Ͳ̹ͪ΂͵Ͱ;͊ͻͰͷͳΕͳΕͰͼͰͫͰͲͺͪͼ͹΃ͪi
<̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͪͺͻͳͶ>ͳẗ́;ͯͳͶ͹;̓ͳ͵ͳ͸ͯͳ– ͆͹ΒͳͲ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͰ;΀ͪͺ΃Ͱ͸;͊ͻͫͳΒͳi
<̓;ͻͳͻ Βͪ͸;ͪͻ>

̸̸̸͇̺̺̻͉̿́̾͆́͢͡͏̸
̓ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ΒͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͳ99*ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͼͬͰ ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͺ͹ͷͳΔͪ͸ͳͺ͹Βͪͷ ;ͲΒͪͼ͸;ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ
΃ͽ͹Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯ͸ͳͲͪͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͋ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ΁ͳͽͳͻͪ͸͹ tͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͳͶͳͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪ
Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͵ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi ͹͸ͪ͵͹Βͪt͹ͯͬͪΒͪΒͰͯ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ;͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰiͳ

͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰt͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹i ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪΒͰ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β΃ͽͪͷͺͳ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵ͰͳͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͳͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵͹ͷͺ;ͽ;ͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͹ͯ
̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̸Ϳͻͳ͵Ͱͯ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͇ͲͫͳΓ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͽ͹ͷͰͺ͹ͼͬͰΕ;ΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹
ͬͰΕ;ͺͪͱΔ;͸Ͱͭ͹ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳ ͺͪͽͪ͵͹ͳͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͹ͯͶͪͲͳͯͪΓͰ͹ͯͼͪͷͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ
ͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͪͱͰͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹
̀ͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΔͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͺ͹ͯͳͲͪΔͪͲͳͯ͹ͬͪ
ͻͰͪͿͳͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͷͰͻͪΔ; ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͶͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳͷͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͰͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳ͵͹ΒͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͳͷͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͲͪͺͻͪͬͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ
͸ͪͽͪͳͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͽͰ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͺͻͪͬ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͯͪͫͻͪ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͹ͯ͸ͰͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳ΀
;ͶͪͲͪ͵ͪ ͯͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ
͋͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͫͳͶ͹;͹΂Γͳͬ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹Ͱͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͸ͪͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲͷͰΌ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ;Ϳ͹͵;ͼͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹ͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹-΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁;
́
ͯ͹͵ͼͰͽͪͯͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͷͪ t; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͶ͹ͭͳ͵͹ͷͬͶͪͯͪΒ;Εͳ΀ ͰͶͳͽͪ͹ͼ;ΌͳͬͪͶ͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹
ͯͻͱͪͬͰͯͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱi ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕͳ̹ͪΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ
;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳͼͽ͹ͬͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;;͹΂ͪͬͪͼͰͪͿͳͻͷͪ
΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ Ͳͪ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ͹ͷ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͋͹ ͼͰ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͻͪͲ͸ͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͪͱͰͼͶͳ΁ͪͷͰͼͽͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹͋ͪ͵ͪͬͼͽͪͬΒͰ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͳͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪ ͪ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹Βͻ;ͽͳ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͲͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁Ͱ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͰͳͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͽͰ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ
͈͹ͻͰͯ͸ͳͲͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͪͳͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͲͪͲ͹ͬ;͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͰͷͺͪͽͳΒͰ
ͷͪΒ͵ͰͼͯͰͽͰͽ͹ͷ;͸ͪͻ;΂Β; ΀͹ͯͺ͹ͼ͸Ͱͭ; ͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͳͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͪͽͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͰ͵Ͱ
͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͯͻ;ͭ͹
;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͷͰͼͰ΁ͳͺͻͳͼ;ͽͪ͸ΒͰͳ͵ͼͰ͸͹
Ϳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪ͸ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ ́ͲͻͪͲͳ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; tΒ;ͻͳ΃i tͺͻͰͽΔͪi
tͺͻ͹ͫͳΒͪΔͰͫͰͯͰͷͪi ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͼͪͷͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͺ͹ͯͳͲͪΔ;ͽͰ͸
ͲͳΒͪͳͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΔ;͹ͼͰΕͪΒͪͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ͹ͯͺͻͳͯ͹΃Ͷͳ΁ͪ
̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ΒͰͳͽͰͻͷͳ͸tͽͻͪ͸ͼͿͰͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽi ͺ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪtͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ
͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪͬͰͼͽͳͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱ;ͷͰͻͰ͸͹Βͺͻ͹ͯ;͵
΁ͳΒͳͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪͳͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;͵͹ͻͰΔ;Β;ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ ͽ͵ͳͬ͹ͪ;ͯͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͷͪi ͠Ͱͬͽ͹
ͬͳΕͳ̹ͪΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽͳ΂ͰͼͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͱͻͽͬͰ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ͽͪ͹΁ͪ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪͳͲ ͹͵͹Ͷ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳt͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ͺͻͪͬͰͶ͹ͭ͹ͻi t͹ͭͻͪΌ;Β;ͼͰi tͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͺͪ;͵ͶͪΔͪΒ;͹ͭͻͪͯͰiͳͯͻ;ͭ͹͋ͪ͵ͬͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼ; ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;
ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪͬͶͪͯͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔ;
͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͼͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͼ͸ͪͱ;Β;͵ͪ͹
ͽͪ΂͵ͪͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͺͪͳͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪͼ;ͬͪͱ͸ͰͳͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͪͽͰ
͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͰͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͰ ͪͬͰͲ;Β;ͼͰͲͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͷͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳ΀ͯͻͱͪ
86
ͬͪ͌͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ͳͷͪΔ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ; ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͰͷͪͻ
ͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ– ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͲͰͷͪΓͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ
ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͼ;ͷΔͳ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͽ͹ͷͽͪͶͪͼ;ͼ;ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͬͰͲͪ
͸ͳͲͪ͑Ͱ͸ͭͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹Βͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ
͸ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͯ͹ͱͳͬͳ͊ͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ Ϳ͹͵;ͼ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪͼͰ
ͳ͵ͪ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪ ͳͰͻ͹ͲͳΒͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ ΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ;ͺͰ΂ͪͽΓͳͬͳ΀ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ ΂Ͱͷ; ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ ͳ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ
ͺ͹ͺ;ͽt̹ͻͰͭͲͳͽͪi͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͰͯͪΓͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͻͰͪͿͳͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͽ͹ͭͺ͹Βͷͪ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̹ͪΒͳΕ ͈

͇͸ͶͪΒ͸΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ;΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳͷͳ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ͳͲͯͪΔͳͷͪͯ͸Ͱ
ͬ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ$.$PNNVOJDBUJPOBOE.FEJB ͭ͹ͯ ͫͻ–EPJDPNNBO-9129.
Giddens, A. (1990). 5IF$POTFRVFODFTPG.PEFSOJUZ$BNCSJEHF 6,
1PMJUZ1SFTTJOBTTPDJBUJPOXJUI
Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
̀ͪ͸ͳ͸ͳ ͈
̀͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Ͷͳ͹
Zientara, #
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&ODJDMPQFEJB7*'BNJHMJB*EFPMPHJB ͼͽͻ–

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̀͹ͻ͵͹ ͅ
͋Ͱͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ;ͼ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ ͭ͹ͯ ͫͻ–͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪISDBLTSDFISGJMF.
͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̀ͳ̹ͪΒͳΕ ͈
ͅͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ;͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͼͪ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͲͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͭ͹ͯ ͫͻ–43.
͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͈̀Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͉ ̸ͻͪ΁͵ͳ ̀
̿ͪ͸ͻ͹ͬͳ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ͠ͼͰ͸
͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̀ͳ̹ͪΒͳΕ ͈
͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͰ;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;͹ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ
ͷͪ ; ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Β ΃ͽͪͷͺͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͼͪ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ Ͳͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ, ͭ͹͈ͯ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͲͯͪΔͰt̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͼͽͪΔͰ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ
ͻͳͲͳ΁ͳi ͼͽͻ–239.
̓ͪͼͽͰͶͼ ͅ
ͅ͹Ε͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Ͷͳ͹
̓͹Ͱ͸ ̽
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ͺͻ͹ͻ͹͵͸͹ͬͳ΀ͬͻͰͷͰ͸̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Ͷͳ͹
̓͹ͻ͸ͳ ̽
̾ͽͳ͵ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Ͷͳ͹
ͪͅͼͽͳͶ͹ ͆
͉Ͱ΂͸ͳ͵ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵Ͱ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ̻Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪ tadic.education/geografski-recnik.
Croucher, S. L. (2004). (MPCBMJ[BUJPOBOE#FMPOHJOH5IF1PMJUJDTPG*EFOUJUZJOB$IBOHJOH8PSME. Lan-
IBN .BSZMBOE 64"
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SUMMARY
In recent years, we have witnessed big changes and re-establishing the issues of borders, not only in Eu-
rope through the cases of migrant crisis and Brexit, but also in the United States in the context of presidential
election. In geopolitical landscape the doubts about the value of globalization emerged, where one of its main
features is the absence of borders. The dilemmas have gained significant publicity in Serbian media taking
the covers of daily newspapers and pervading various attitudes through the confrontation of the global and
the national — from xenophobic and stereotypical feelings to the sense of empathy and approvals.
By using quantitative and qualitative content analysis of front pages, as something that is a mirror of edi-
torial policy, during 2016 and in the first quarter of 2017, the aim of this paper is to determine and show ways
in which the borders as an issue were represented in the daily newspapers in Serbia. Despite of the develop-
ment of new technologies, the press still has an important role in guiding society. Because of that fact, we can
track trends, dominant cultural patterns as well as values through the analysis of such contents.
,&:803%4 globalization, borders, newspapers, migrant crisis, narratives.
88

̸̺́͆.̸̸̹͉̺͑͐̾́ͣ 1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͼͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ
ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ, ̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳoͶ͹ͭͳΒ;

̸̸̸̸͈͉̻͇̹̾̈́̾̈́̈́́̀͢ͅ͏͎͈͉͇́͊̓́͠͏̸̾͊
̸͇͇̺͇͎͆̓͊͌́̾͋́́͠ͅ–̸̀͐̾͏́
̸͉́͆͋̾͆͏̸̸͇́͆̈́́̀͏́̾͠t̸͉͇̻̀̀͆͌͋ͅi
̸͚͇̻͇͍̾͌̾͋͆́͐̓̓͆̈́́̓͋ͅ2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌ͻͪͯ;ΕͰͷ͹ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂
͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͽ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͪ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ͹ͫͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ͹ͼͰ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͹͵ͬͳͻ;
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͌ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͳ͸ͭͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͯͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͽͻͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ
͸͹ͼͽͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒ̸͈ͪ͊̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͷ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͯ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͲͪͽͳͷ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰ͉͊͊ͻͫͳΒͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͳͬ͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ;͹ͬ͹ͷ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͼ;͵͹ͫ;;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪ͹ΒͰ
͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ͍͉͊̽ͪ͠͵ͶͰ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͰ͵͹
ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͯ͹ͼͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽ͈ͬͪͻ͹΁ͰͼͷͰͯͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ͹ͼͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͳ͹ͫͻ͸;
ͽͳͷͻͰͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͹ͷ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪͪ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͷͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ
͵ͪ͹ ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͫͳͶͰ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ
ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;
ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ;͉͊͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͷ͍͉ͪ͊͊ͯ͠ͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͼ͸ͪͯͪ ͳͪ͵͹;ͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͹͵ͬͳͻ;͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ͌ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ
ͳͲͪΕͳ͵ͪ͹tͺ͹ͫͰͯ͸ͳ͵i ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͪͽ͹
ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰt͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹iͳͲͬͪ͸͹͵ͬͳͻ͍͉ͪ͊́͠͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰ
ͬͪͶͪΒͰͯͪͼͰͪ͸ͳͷͳͻͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀
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ivanbascarevic80@gmail.com
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͉ͪͯΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ ́́́023 t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͳͶ͹ ͳ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ; ͸ͪ;͵; ͳ
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ.
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̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀̽ͻͱͪͬͪ͊ͬͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰͼͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͪͲͪ΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ;
ͼͬͰͽ; ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͰΕ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪͬͳͯΓͳͬͳ;ͼͿͰͻͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
̓Γ;΂͸ͰͻͰ΂ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ ͪͶͳͳ͵ͪ͹
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͸ͪͯ
ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ. ͈ͻͰͷ̻ͪ̾ͳͯͰ͸ͼ; tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳi 3 ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͼͽͻ
́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͺ͹Βͪͷ ΒͰͻΒͰ;ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ99 ͬͰ͵ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳͳ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳ. ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͽͰͱΔͳͲͪͺͶͪ
͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹΃Ε; ͪͷ͹ͽͳͬͳ ͼ;ͫͳͶͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͺ͹΂Ͱͬ΃ͳ͹ͯͻͪͯ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶ͹ͼͽͳ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ
ͳͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͪ, ͺͻͰ͵͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ, ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͯͻ. ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;,
ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪ͸͹ͯͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ, Ͳͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ
; ͸ͪΒͻͪ͸ͳΒ͹Β Γ;ͯͼ͵͹Β ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͪͶͳ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͺ;͸͹ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰ ͯ͹ͫͳ͹ ; ͸͹ͬͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͪ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒ͸ͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͬͪΒ; ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ ͻ͹ͫͰ Γ;ͯͳ ͳ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ.
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ, ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͸Ͱ͹ͼͺ͹ͻ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ tͳͯͰΒͪ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΒͰ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹
͸͹ͬͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪ;͵ͪͷͪ<...> <ͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͪ͸ͳͽje>ͯͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ
͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͬͰΕͳ΀ΒͰ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ͹ͭͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ;
͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪi ͊͵ͶͰͻ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ31̹ͪ΃΂ͪͻͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͈ͻͰͷͪ ̽ ͎ͰͶͯ; tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͫͳͽͳ ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ ͺͻ͹
ͯ;ͫΓͳͬͪΔͰͳ ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͬͳͷͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹
ͽͪ ͹ͯ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͯ͹͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͹ͯͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͪͯ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ<>i4 ͎ͰͶͯ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ
48̹ͪ΃΂ͪͻͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–).
͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͬ͹ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ΔͰ͸ͪ ͹ͫΒͰ͵
ͽͳͬ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ ͵͹Βͪ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ (ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ
ͷ͹Εͳ ͳ ΔͰ͸͹ͭ tͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰͭ ͵ͻͳͶͪi
͆ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ tΒͰͯ͸; <…> ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ; ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͽͻͪΒ͸ͳ ͳ ͸ͰͲͪ
ͯͻͱͳͬͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͵͹ͷͺͻͰͼͳΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͼͬͰͽͰ΃ΔͰͷͰΌ;Ͳͪ
ͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͳ ;ͼͺ͹͸ͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͶͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ̽ͻ;ͭͪ ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ ΒͰ
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͈ͻͰͷͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͪ;ͽ͹ͻ; t͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͼͬͰͬͰΕ͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͈ͻͬ͹ ͵ͻͪΒ͎Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪ
ͺͪͯ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪ ͼ͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͽͳͺͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ <> ͯͻ;ͭ͹
΃ͳͻͰΔͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ<͵͹ΒͪΒͰ>͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͶͪͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ΒͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳ<>ͽͻͰΕͰ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ <> <΂ͳΒͪ ͼͰ> ͷͻͰͱͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͰ ͺ͹ ΁ͰͶ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͳ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪi
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ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳͲͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͼͶͪͭͪΔͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ΒͳͶͳ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹Βͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͼͰ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͰ ͹͵͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͫͳͽͳ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͵͹͸΁Ͱ-
ͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪ ΒͰ ΔͰ͸ͪ ;Ͳͻ͹΂͸ͪ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͪͽͳ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͪ͵͹ͳ΀ͳͷͪ.
90
ɂȼȺɇ M. ȻȺɒɑȺɊȿȼɂȶ: ɉɪɟɥɚɦɚʃɟɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɫɤɢɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɧɚɄɨɫɨɜɭ ɢɆɟɬɨɯɢʁɢ...
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Γͳͬͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ͵͹Β;ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ– ͹͸ͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ
ͳͶͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ͸ͪ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͶͳͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳΒ͍ͪ͹ͻͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͺͶ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͳͼͬͰͽ͹
͸ͪͲ͹ͻͪͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰͭ͵ͻͳͶͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͷ͹Εͳi ͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ
.
͈ͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬΒ;ΕͳͼͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͲͷͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͰ
ͼͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͼͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪtͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ <>
ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΔͰͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͲͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͻͪͲ
ͬͳΒͪΔͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪi ̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪ ͽͪΒ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ tͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͺͻͰ͵͹͵͹Βͳ΀ͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲ;Β; ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ ͹ͽ͵ͶͪΔͪΒ; ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ ΃ͳͻͰΔͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ
ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͶͰͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳ͹͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͰͻͪͲ
ͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͪͺ͹ͯͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͲͪͳͲͬ͹Ͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͻ͹ͫͰ͸ͪ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ̾͌ͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹;ͬ͹ͯͰͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͷͰͻͰ́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰ– ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi (ͳͼͽ͹).
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ;Ͷ͹
͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͰ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ
ͺͻͰͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͪͶͳͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ
;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΔ;6
͈ͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͍͉͊͠ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭ ΔͰ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ ΒͰ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷ; ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͬͳͯΓͳͬ;ͽ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ͍͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪͳͷͪͶͪ ;ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ͹ΒͰΔͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵;͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͵ΒͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͳͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͳͼͪ͸ͪͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳͷͳͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵ͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͷͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͶͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ
ͽͪͯͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ;Ͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͳͳͷͪ͹ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͪͶͳͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͶͪ͸; ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪͶͪͳͳͯͰΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͷ;͍͉͊͠ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͰΔͰ͸ͰͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͳͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͶͰͭͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͌ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͫͻͲͪ͹͸ͪΒͺͻͰͯͰͼ;
ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͳͻͪͼͺ͍͉ͪͯ͊͠7
͆ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͷͰͼͽ; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹Βͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ ͳͲͬͰͼ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͯ͹;ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͆ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͳͷͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΁ͳ
ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͳ͍͉ͯͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼ
ͶͪͬͳΒͪͳͼͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͯΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͱͳͬͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͽͰͽ

͇ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ;̹ͪͭͬͪ͠ͽͳ
̺̺;͵͹ͽͳΕ
̺;ͶͰ
ͽͳΕ ͣͳͻͳΕͳ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
6
̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ Ͱ͸ͭͶ(MPDBMJ[BUJPO) – ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪXX ͬͰ͵ͪ; ͺ͹
ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳͷͪ;ͪ͠ͺͪ͸; ͯͪͫͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͫͳ͹;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ;̸͊̽͌͸ͪ;͵; ͭͪΒͰ;ͬͰ͹ ͉. ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸
.
̺ͳͯͰͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ;3JU[FS(
7
̺ͳͯͰͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ;̹ͪ΃΂ͪͻͰͬͳΕ
91
͸ͰͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͵ͪ͵͹;ΔͰ͸͹Β͵ͻͪͽ͵͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;ͼͬͪ͵ͰͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸ͰΒͰͯͳ
͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹͉ͪͯͳͼͰ͹͸Ͱ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͳͼ; ͺ͹ͻͰͯΒͪ΂ͪΔͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͪ ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͼͪ ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷ͍͉ͪ͊͠ ͽͪ͵͹͸ͳͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͅͳͼͶͳͼͰͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹͸ͪͪ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ 8 ͋ͪΒͪ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͪͷͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͹ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪΒͰ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹-ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻͰ͍͉͊ͯ͠͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͶͪ͵ͪ͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ΒͰͻͼ;ͼͬͳ͊ͻͫͳͺ͹ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͸͹ͬͳΒ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͱͳͬͰͶͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͯ͹͵
ΒͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͰ͹ͬͳͻͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͽͰ͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͪͼͬ͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ́͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͫͳ͹ΒͰ ͪͳͼͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰ ͯͪ ͼͬͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͱͳͬͰ ; ΒͰͯ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͍͉͊͠͸ͳΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͶͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹ΒͰͭͼ;ͫͳͶͳ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͯͪͽͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸Ͱͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ9
́ͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ΕͳͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼ;͵͹ͫ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ̸͈͊̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹
ͪ
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹-ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻͰͯͪͼͬ͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ;Β; ͺͻͳ͵ͪ
Ͳ;Β;Εͳͼͬ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͵ͪ͹ͬͳ͵ͽͳͷͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͼ;ͳͼͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͻͪͯͳͶͳ͸ͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ
Δ; ͹ͬ͹ͭ ΁ͳΓͪ ͋͹ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ
ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͍͉͊͠ ̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼ; Βͪ΂ͪͶͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͬͰͲͰ ͼͪ
ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͷͪͽͳ΁͹ͷ ̸͉͆Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ͺͻͰ͵͹͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͬ͹ͭ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳͯͪͪ͸ͳͷͳͻͪΒ;ͳͯͻ;ͭͰͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͪ͵ͽͰͻͰ ; ͺͻͬ͹ͷ ͻͰͯ; ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵; ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ; Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Β ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳ
͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹̸͊̽

̸Ͷͳ ͵ͻͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͷ ͬͻͪͽͳͬ΃ͳͼͰ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵-ͳ΀ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͶ͹tͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰi 10 ΂ͳͷͰΒͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͵ͻͪΒ͍͉ͪ͊͌͠͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵;ͻͪͯͪ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΕͰͷ͹ͯͪͪ͸ͪ
ͶͳͲ͹ͷͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳ;͸ͰͯͰΓ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͆́͆ ͳ̽;ͭͪ ͳͯͬ͹ͷͰͼͰ΂͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ, ̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͳ̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͪͻͰ΂ ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͷ͹͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͰ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ;ͺͻ͹ͶͰΕͰͳͲͫͳΒͪΒ;ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ 11
͈ͻͬͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳͼ;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ ͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸͹Β ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͫ;͸ͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ
ͺͻͰͻͪͼͶͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͬ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͶͰͼ;ͯͪ
8
̸͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ ͼͰ ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ͹ͳͳͲͷͰΌ; ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͊ͻͫͪͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͪ ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳ
͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ͊ͻͫͪ ͎ͻͬͪͽͪͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͅ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪͳ͊ͻͫͪͳͽͯ ͪͶͳͽͳͪ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͷͳ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ
͹ͬ͹ͭͻ̺ͪͯͪͳͯͰͽͳ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ;̹ͪ΃΂ͪͻͰͬͳΕ
9
́͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰ;͵ͪͲͪͽͳͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͪͷ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͫͳͶͳͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͲͪͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͰ͍͉͊͠
́ͼͽͪ ͪ͵͹͸ͰͳͬͰΕͪͲͪͼͶ;ͭͪͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸΁ͳͷͪͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͳͷ̺ͪͳͯͰͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ;̹ͪ΃΂ͪͻͰͬͳΕ
10
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͯͪ͸ͰͷͪͼͷͳͼͶͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
ΒͰͻ ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ;ͼͺͰͶͰ ͯͪ Ͳͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰ ͼͬ͹Β ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ̺ͳͯͰͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ ;
̹ͪ΃΂ͪͻͰͬͳΕ
11
̺͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ;̹͹ͭͯͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͚ͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̹ͪ΃΂ͪͻͰͬͳΕ
92
ͼͰͻͪͯͳͶ͹͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ͸͹ΒͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵͹Βͪ͵΁ͳΒͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͪͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͯͳΒͪͼͺ͹ͻͳ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ;̸͉͆Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳ
͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;̽;ͭͳ ͫͻ – 4. 7. 19
΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷẗ́Ͱͽͯͬ͹ͭͶͪͬ͹ͭ͹ͻͶͪi
;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͿͪ΃ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͶͰ΁ͳ;ͫͪ΁;Β;ͳͯͰͶͰͺ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;́ͲͽͰ͵ͼͽͪͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͷ͹t<>
ͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͳͪͽͪ΃͵ͪͬͪΔͪ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͵͹ͶͰͫͪΔͪ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹͹ͺ͹ͻͽ;͸ͳͲͷͪ. ͆ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͳͲ ̸Ͷͫͪ
͸ͳΒͰͳ͸ͳͼ;͵ͻͳͬͳͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͳ <.>͵͹͸ͽͻͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͺ͹ͬ;͵ͶͪͼͰͼͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͪͶͳΒͰ
͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ;ͭͶͪͬͪͷͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͭͶͪͬͪͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ͳ ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪͷ͹ ͋;Όͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͳ ͽ;Όͳ;ΘͫͰ
͸ͳ΁ͳ – ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͼͪ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ <.> ͳͲ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͷͰͽͪ͸͹ ͵;͵ͪͬͳ΂ΒͰ ΒͪΒͰ ͪͶͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͼ;ͷ;
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͭ͸ͰͲͯ͹i ͼͽͻ–
͌͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵;ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪΒͰͳͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͶͰͽ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻ͹
͸ͪΌͰ͸ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ΀ͪͺ΃ͰΔͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ ;
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β

͊Ͷͳ͵ͪ ̽ͬ͹ͭͶͪͬͳ͹ͻͪ͹ ͳͲ͸ͪͯ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ̈́Ͱͽͪ͵
΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β
t̾ͽ͸ͳ΂͵̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ– ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪi
̽͹ͶͰ t͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͑ͳͺͽͪͻͪi
͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͆́͆ ; ͫͻ

; ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͺ͹ͯ ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ t͑ͽͪ ͼͰ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͶ͹ ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;i ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͺ΃ͳͻͪ͸ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͹ͷͪͻͽ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͳͳͲΒͪͬ;͊̽͹Ͷͪ͸΁ͪ ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻ͍͉ͪ͊͠Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ͸͹ͭͲͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͹;ͷͰ΃ͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ;ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓ͳͅͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹
ΒͪΔͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͶͰͽ͵ͪ̽͹Ͷͪ͸΁ͳͲΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰt͆ͪ΃ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͼ;ͲͪͺͶͰ͸ͳͶͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͶͰͽͪ͵<>ͽͪΒͶͰͽͪ͵
ͼͪͯͻͱͳͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰͺͪͻ͹ͶͰ͹ͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͲͷ;-ͶͰΔͳ͸ͳͲͷ; ͹ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͻͰͬͳ
Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͲͷ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ<>΃ͽ͹ͼͰͽͳ΂Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͼ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ΒͪͷͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͽͰ
ͬͰͲͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸;ͳͯͪΓͰͅͳͼͷ͹͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͲͰͷΓͪ ͳͷͳͼͶͳͷͯͪΒͰ;ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͺ͹΂ͰͶͰ
͹ͬͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;ͫͳͶ͹ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͪͳͲ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ̸Ͷͳͷͳͽ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͯͪΒͰͷ͹
͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ́ͷͳ͸Ͱͬͳͯͳͷ͹;ͽ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͸ͳͽͳ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵
;ͬͰͲͰ͸ͳͲ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͳ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͯͰ΁ͪͳͲͽ͹ͭ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΂ͳͶͪ<>i ͼͽͻ–17).
93
͇ͯ;ͭ͹ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ͸͹ΒͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵͹Βͪ͵΁ͳΒͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͪͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͪ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ;̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͫͻ
;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷt͆͹ͬͳ͸ͪ
ͻͳͳ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͉ͪͪͯ͹ͼͪͬͪ͊ͽ͹Βͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ̸ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͼͰ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͫͪͬͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͷͰͯͳ
Βͳͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͸ͪ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͷΔͰΔͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ
ͶͳͲͷ;ͳͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͲͷ;͌ͺͻͬͳͺͶͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͬͳΌͰΔͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͳͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΔͪ
͹ͬ͹ͭͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪͼͪͷ͹ͺͪͻͷͰͼͰ΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰΕͳt͌ͺͻͰͯͬͰ΂ͰͻΒͰ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀͸ͰͯͰΓͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳͶͳͺͻͬͳ΀͸ͰͯͰΓͪ͸͹ͬͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ ͼͰΕͪͷce ͽͪ΂͸͹ ;ͬͻͰͷͰ
͵ͪͯͪDFͽͰ͵ͫͳ͹ͻͪͼͺͶͪͷͼͪ͹ͳͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹-ͳͻͪ΂͵ͳ ͻͪͽ͸̹ͪͶͳͼ͵͹ͷ́ͼͽ͹͵; ͺͻͪͽͰΕͳ͸Ͱ͵;͹ͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͪ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;; ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͵͹ͶͰͭͪ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͳͲ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͰ’ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ͷͳje ͼͬ͹ΒͶͳͼͽͳ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ ͸ͪ
ͺͻͬ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ ͼͪͳͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹-ͳͻͪ΂͵͹ͭͻͪͽͳ΃ͽͪ͵͹Βͳ; ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯ;͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳͭͶͪͼͳ
̹͹ͻͫͪͲ̻ͪΔͳͶͪ͸Ͱ̺ͳͯ͸͹;Ͳͫ;ΌͰ͸ ͺ͹ͷͪͶ͹͹ͲͪͻͰ͸ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͹ͷͳje ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͭce ͬͳͯͰͶ͹
ͯͪce ;ͻͪ͵Ͱͽ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͻ΃ͪΒ;ͲͪͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͷ͹ͼͰ͹΁Ͱ̻ͳͶͪ͸ ͸ͪͺͪͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ
̈́;ͻͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͺB je ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭͪͳ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͪ’ ͳͲͬ;͵Ͷͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͲͪͺͻͬ;ͼͽͻͪ͸;̹͹ͻͫͪͲ̻ͪͳͶͪ͸ ̻ͳ
Ͷͪ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͚ͳͶͪ͸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳje ͸ͪͲͳͬͲ̻ͪΔͳͶͪ͸Ͱ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹̹͹ͻͫͪ Ͳ̻ͪΔͳͶͪ͸Ͱ’́ͼͽͳ͋ͪ͸Β;ͭ͹ͬ
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΃ͪ͹ͼͪͷͯ͹΁͸ͳΒͰͳ;͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ;’ ͳ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ’ ͪͶͳ͹͸ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͪ͸’
͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ <>΃ͽͪje ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͪͼ͹΁ͳͻͪͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ͵͹Β;je ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͪͺ͹͸;ͯͳͶͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁ͳͷͪͽͪͯͪ
͸ͳͼͪͷͷ͹ͭͪ͹ ͯͪͯ͹͵;΂ͳͷ͐Ͱͷ;je ͼͶ;ͱͳ͹͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ ̹͹ͻͫͪͲ̻ͪΔͳͶͪ͸Ͱ’ <.>͸͹;ͫͻͲ͹͸ͪ͵͹͸ͷͪͻ
ͽ͹ͬͼ͵͹-ͪͺͻͳͶͼ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷͳ je Βͪͼ͸͹͵ͪ͵͹ce ͳ Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͰͼͰ΁ ͺͻͰ ͽ͹ͭͪ
͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͰ’ ͸ͪ΃ͪ͹͸ͪͼͶ͹̹ͬ͹ͻͫͪͲͪ ̻ΔͳͶͪ͸Ͱͳ Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹je ͷ͹Β͵͹ͶͰͭͪͳͲ ͹ͬͰ
ͻͰͯͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͽͪ͵͹;Ͳͻ;Βͪ͸͵ͪͯͪ ͷͳje ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͹͸ͰͬͳΌͰ͸;΀ͻͪͫͻ͹ͼͽ’ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵̸ͪͶͳͽͰ͵
ͯͪ͸ͪͼ <> ;ͬͳΌͪͷͺͻͪͬ;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ;;΂ͳ͸͵ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;
͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͭͷ͸ͰΔͪ ͵͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͼ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͵ͪi ͼͽͻ
12
̸͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͶ͹Βͪͬ͸͹ͷΔͰΔͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͬͰͲͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͹ͬͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͳͷͪͶͪͼ̸͉͆Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ
͌͆́͆-; ͫͻ
̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͪͻ͆͹ͬͪ΂ͳΕ ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷt̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹– ͋ͻͰ
͸;ͽͪ͵ͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ– ͌Ͳͻ͹΁ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽi ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳt͉ͪ΂;͸ͪͶ͹ͼͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΃ͼͳͼͽͰͷͯ͹ͬ͹Γ
͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͫͻͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͷͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ͳͲ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͪ ͷͪͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹
ͻͰ΁ͳͺͻ͹΁ͳͽͰͽ; ͻͰ΁ͳͺͻ͹΁ͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͹ͯͫͻͪͷͫͰ͸͹ͭͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ;ͽͳͷ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͳͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ͸;ͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͼͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪͶͪͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͉ͪͯͳ͹
͋ͳͻͪ͸ͪͼͰ͹ͬͯͰ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸͹΂;ΒͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪ͹ͯͼͽ͹͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ<>ͲͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱ͸ͪͼͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ΁͈ͪͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͶͳͭͰ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͰ
ͳͲ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰi ͼͽͻ–13).
12
̸;ͽ͹ͻͯͪΓͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͪtͳ ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ͸ͪ͵͹͸͹ͼͪͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͿ͹ͻ;ͷ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳ͹ce ͯͪΒͪͼ͸͹
ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͳ͵͹je, ΃ͽͪͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͼͿͰͻͳ;ͻͪͯͳ͹;ͷ͹ͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͪͼͪ<>͸ͪͳͷͰ
͈ͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͈̓ ͊̓ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͷͪͻͽͪ <> ͹ͫΒͪͬͳͶ͹ je ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ;͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳͳͯ͹͸ͰͶ͹Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵Ͱ;ͬͰͲͳͼͽͳͷ͈ͻͬͳͺ;ͽje ͯͰ΁ͳͯͳͻͪ͸͹ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͯͪͼ;
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͪ, ̹͹ͽͪ Ͱ ͻͰ ͋ͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͳ ͉ͪͯͳ͹ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ
tͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ ͵Ͷͳͷ; ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͳje ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ; ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬͪ ͊̓ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ Ͳͪ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ
ͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͽͪΔͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;<>͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀ͼ; ͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹Β͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ ΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ’ͯ͹ͶͳͬͪͶͪ;ΓͰ͸ͪͬͪͽͻ;’,
΃ͽ͹ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͫͳͶͪ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͰ;Ϳ͹ͻͳΒͰ<>.
94
͆ͪͯͪΓͰ ͆́͆ ͫͻ
; ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; t͌ΘͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͯͳi
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͈ͪͰͽͻͪ́ͭΔͰ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳt͈ͻͬͳ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͬͰͲͰ͸ͳͼ; ͹ͽͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹ͫͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͪͶͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;ΒͰ͸ͪ΃;ͺͪͱΔ;
ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͳͷΒͰ Β͹΃ͽͪͯͪ ͼͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪ ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸͸ͳͲͺͻͳͷͰͯͫͳ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͯͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͭͶ͹ͻͳͿͳ͵;Β;Εͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͯͭͻͰͬͪΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳͲͪͷ<><͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ>
͹ͼͰ͹ͫͪͷͪ͊ͻͫͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͬͰ͵ͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷ
ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͳͲͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ<>͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪΒͰͯͪͼͰͯ͹͵ͪͱͰͼͰ͹ͫͪ͊ͻͫͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ ͺͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹
ͽ͹ͷͰ<>͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸ͳͯ͹ͼͰΓͪͬͪΔ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͬͰΕͼ;͹͸ͳ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͽ; ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
΁ͳ͆ͰͭͳͻͪΔͰͼͰ͹ͫͰ͊ͻͫͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͭͺͻͳͬͳͯͪ<>ͬͰΕΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ΒͽͰͲͳ<>i
ͼͽͻ–21).
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ͆́͆ ͫͻ
΃ͽͪͷͺͪͽͰ͵ͼͽͅͳͻ͵ͪ̓Ͷͪͻͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷt͇ͺͪͼ͸ͪ
ͳͭͻͪ͋ͳͻͪ͸Ͱi ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ͵ͪͱͰt<>͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹-ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ͸ͪͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͪͼͪͻͪͯΔͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳ
ΒͰ<>ΒͰ;ͺ;͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͫͳͶͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͷͰͻ͸ͪͳͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ͋ͳͻͪ͸Ͱ ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͷͰΌ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ
<>;ͼͬͪ͵͹ΒͲͭ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͳ<ͷͳͼͶͳͼͰ͸ͪͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͰͳͲ̸͉͆Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͳͷ̹́>͸ͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪͶͳͯͪͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͰ͵͹ͭͪͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͳ͵͹ΒͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
΂ͳΒͰͷͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔ;ͽͰͱͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͪͻͪͯͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͬͶͪͯͰͅͰ΀ͷͰͯ͑Ͱ΀; ΂Ͱͼ
ͽͳͽͪΒ;Εͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ͵΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹Β͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͳ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β
ͫͻͪΕͳ;ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳͳ͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳͻͰ͵ͪ͹;̺ͪͶ͹͸ͳ͇͸ͳͼ;͸ͪ΃ͪ͵ͻͬͳͷͳͼͷ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ͵ͻͬ ͷͳ
ͼͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ̻ͪ͹ͯͳ͸;ͯͪ͸ͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ̓͹͸ͭͻͰͼ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰͻͪͯͪ ̾͸ͬͰͻ
͎͹Θͪͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ͵̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ <><ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ>ͯͪͼͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽ;
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͭͪΔͪ ͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ; ͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͷ͈ͪ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱͼͺͻ͹
ͬ͹ͯͳͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ<>͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͯͪͺ͹͵ͪͱͰͯͪͼͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪͲͪ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ΒͰͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ
͸͹ ͬͰΕͯͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͷͳͯͪͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪ
;ͯͪͽͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ<>i ͼͽͻ–10).
͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ;͆́͆-; ͫͻ
ͳͼͽͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͅͳͻ͵͹̓Ͷͪͻͳ͸ t̿ͳͬ͹ͽ;ͺͼͳ΀͹
Ͳͳ͹ͺͼͪͯͰi
ͺͳ΃ͰͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ;̸͉͆Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͲͷͪͻͽͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͋ͪ͵͹ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪt͇ͱͳͬͰͶͳͼ;ͼͽͪͻͳͯ;΀͹ͬͳ̓ͪͻͪΌ͹ͻΌͰͬͳ
ΕͪͳͼͰ͸͵͉ͪͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ͇ͪ͸ͳͼͪͯͪͯͰͶ;Β;ͽͰ͸͵͹ͬͳͷͪͯͪͫͳ;ͭ;΃ͳͶͳͭͶͪͼͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ;
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͯͪͷ;͸ͪ͸Ͱͼ;;ͯͪͻͳͯͪͭͪͺ͹͵͹ͻͰ<>̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͳͯͪΓͰ͵ͪ͹ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹͵ͻͪ
Βͳ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹– ͵͹ͷͺͪ͵ͽ͸͹͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͪ͵͹ͳͺ͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹
ͻͳΒͳ – ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͽͻͳ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ́ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀
ͷͳͻ͹Γ;ͫͳͬͳ΀ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͹͸ͳ ͽͻͪͱͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ ͽ͹͸͹ͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͫͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
΂;Ͷͳͯͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͼͽͪͽ;ͼͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͍͉͊͠ ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͯͪͽ͹͸Ͱ΂;Β;
͸ͳͼ;ͼͰ;ͼͽͰͲͪͶͳͯͪ͸ͪͺͪͯ͸;̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͰͽͰ͸͵͹ͬͳͷͪͳͺ;΁ͪΒ;͸ͪΔͳ΀͑͹ͬͳ͸ͳͲͪͷͽͻͰͫͪͽͻͪͱͳͽͳͳ
ͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳ͵͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͪ͸Ͱ͵͹̸ͯͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͽͳ͵͹̸ͯͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁̸͉ͪ͆Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪ
ͬΓͪΒ;ΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳΒͰͯ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;<>i 13 ͼͽͻ

͌̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ΒͻͰ΂ͳ ͫͻ
̓͹ͼͽͪ͐ͪͬ͹΃͵ͳ ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷ t́͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪiͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͲͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͯ͹ͽͰͷͰͻͰͯͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ͊Ͱ͸ͪͽͪͽͻͪͱͰ͹͍͉ͯ͊ͯͪ̓͠͹ͼ͹ͬ;
ͯͪͺ;͸ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͐ͪͬ͹΃͵ͳͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͲͪͼͶ;ͭͪͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͶ͹ͫͳΒ;́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹
ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬ͹ΒͰͻͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͳͼͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ͵ͪͯͪ
ΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;t͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪͱͻͽͬͪͲͶ͹ͯͰͶͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;– Ͳͪ͊ͻͫͪͳ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͳͼͰͶͳͶͳͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͭ͹ΔͰ͸ͳͲ;Ͷ;ͷ͹ͷͳͽͰͻ͹ͻ͹ͷ͆ͳΒͰ͸ͪͷ͸ͪͳͷͰ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪͳͶͳͫͳͶ͹͵͹Βͪͯͻ;ͭͪͭͻ;ͺͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͭͻͰͼͷͰ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳͶͪͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹
Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͪΔ;ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͼͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ͹ͷͯ͹͵Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͷͷͰͻͪͷͪ͸Ͱ
ͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͯͪΓͰ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͳͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͪͳ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵;ͲͰͷΓ;
ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͽ͹ͱͰͶͰ<>i ͼͽͻ

͌ͫͻͲ͹ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ͵ͻͰ͸;ΕͰͼͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͷͰͻͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
;ͼͺͰͶͪͯͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ
͋ͪ͵͹͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͫͻ
;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷt́͹ͬ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ̈́ͪͱ͸͹ͺͻͳ
͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͼͽͪΔͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;i ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͺͳͼͷ͹͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͊ͬͰͽͳͪͻ΀ͳΒͰͻͰΒͼ͵ͳͼͳ͸͹ͯ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ
͸Ͱ΁ͻ͵ͬͰͺͻͳͷͳ͹ͳͲ̈́͹Ͳͪ͸Ͱ ͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵ͪ
ͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͭͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͷ͹t<>ͼͬͰKFͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹OQF͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͷͰͼͰ΁ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼ;΃ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪͶͰͳͲ̿Ͱ͸ͰͬͰΒͰͯ͸͹̸ͭͶͫͪ͸΁ͪΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻͱͪͬ
Γͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͳKF ͸Ͱͯ͹ͫͳͬ΃ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͪͲͳͶ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹KFͽͻͪͱͳ͹ ͫͳ͹ͺͻͳ͸;ͯ͸͹ͬͻͪΕͰ͸;̹Ͱ͹
ͭͻͪͯ5P je ͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͯͪ͸Ͱ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸͹΃ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵͹Βͪͬ͸͹ ͷΔͰΔͰ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͷͰ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;ͭ͹ͻͰ
ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹̸ͭͶͫͪ͸΁B ͬͰΕͳͯͪͻͪ΃ͳͻͳ͸ͳͲͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͌ͽ͹ͷ΁ͳΓ;͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸je
͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽ ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͻͪͲ͸Ͱ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͳ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫ͹ͻͳͲͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ;ͭΔͰͽͪ΂ͪ’ ͊ͻͫͪ͆ͪΒͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽͪje ͈ͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε’ a Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸; ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͭͻͪΒ;ͳͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹̓ͪͻͳͽͪͼ’
ͳ ͷ͸͹ͭͰ ͯͻ;ͭͰ 14 . ͈͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ je ͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͪΔͰ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͪ ΂ͳͷͰ je
13
̓ͪ͵͹ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͯͪΓͰ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ t͈͹ͻͰͯ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͪ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ͼͪ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ͹ͷ
ͼͪͯͻͱͳΒ͹΃ͯͬͰ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͼͰͼͺͻͬ͹ͷͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ͹ͭͶͰͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͬͰͲ;͈ͻͬͪΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͳ
ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͳ ͹͸ͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͯ͹΃Ͷͪ ͯ͹ ͳͲͻͪͱͪΒͪ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͶͪͬͰ ͼͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ΁Ͱ
͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͶͳͭͰ ͳͶͳ΃ͰͲͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭΒ;ͫͳͶͰΒͪ̓͹ͷͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͋ͳͷͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͳ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪͶͳ ͼ; ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͸Ͱͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶͳͲ;Β;Εͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ Ͳͪ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͰ͸ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪͳͳͼͽͳ΂;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͹ͯͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ̸ͪ΃ͽͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͺͻͰ΁ͳͲͳͻͪ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪͳͼͽͳ
;FSJQPQVMJU (<΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͽ͹͵͹ͷ1980 – ͳ΀ͫͳ͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻͪ͸ ͺͻͳͷ́
̹)>ͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪΒ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵̓͹ͷͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ΂ͳΒͪͼͰ΃ͰͲͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ΁ͪ
͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ͹ͯͽ;ΌͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰͼ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ<>
ͯͻ;ͭͪΒͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͪͷͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͹΃͹ͯ. ͳͲͫ͹ͭΔͰͼͷ͹͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͬͰΕͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͳͯͪͼͰ;Ͳͫ;Ό;ΒͰͷ͹
<><ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͽͰ͵ͼͽͪͷͳͼͶͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͸;ͺͻͰͽΔ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͲͷͰΌ;̸͉͆Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰͳ͍͉͊͠ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸;͹ͯͯ͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͷ̹́ >i ͼͽͻ –49).
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t̸͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͬ͹ͭ͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽͪͼ; ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ
– ͳͲͯͪͬͪΔͰͫͻ͹΃;ͻͰ’7000 ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
– ͳͲͶ͹ͱͫͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͪ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͺͪͻ͹΀ͳΒͰ

96
ͼͪ͵;ͺΓͰ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͼ;ͷͪ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͪͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸Ͱ’ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͇ͬ͹Βͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ͸ͰͬͳΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͰͻͪ
ͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱͳͶͪͼͰͳ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ̿;ͻ͸ͪͶͯͰ̿Ͱ͸Ͱͬ
͵͹Βͪͯ͹͸͹
ͼͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ΂Ͷͪ͸͵Ͱ͹ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸͹ͷ ;ͭΔͰͽͰ͸͹ͷ’ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; <>ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ͹ͬͰͬͻͼͽͰ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪ͹ͬͯͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ ͳ<> ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ Β͹΃ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͽͰͱͪͬͪ
ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͵͹Βͳje ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷΒͪͬ͸͹ͷͷΔͰΔ;͸ͪ΃ͪ͹Β͹΃
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ <>i ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͯͪΓͰ ͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͫͻ
; ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͺ͹ͯ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β
ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͳiͳt̻Ͱ͸͹΁ͳͯ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪi ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯ;ΒͰͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹̀ͪͺͪ
ͯ͸ͪ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪΔ;΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͪͳ͵ͪͯͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ; ͸Ͱ΂ͳ͸Ͱͽ͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͬͰΕ͵ͪ͹͵ͻͳͬ΁Ͱ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳ
ͬ͹͊ͻͫͰ ;ͺ͹ͻͼͽͻ

̀ͪͽͳͷ ;͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ; ͫͻ
ͺͻ͹ͽͪ̽;΃ͪ͸̺ͰͶͳ΂͵͹ͬͳΕ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͷ
t͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͳͭͰ͸͹΁ͳͯ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;iͺͳ΃Ͱ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͺͻͰͷ͍͉ͪ͊͠ ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͯ͹ͭͪ
ΌͪΒͳͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͬͰΕ;ΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͺͪͱΔͰ
ͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͰ΃͵͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ͊ͻͫͳ ;ͺ͹ͻͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;͈ͻͪ
ͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ; ͫͻ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰͽͰ͵ͼͽ̹͹ͭ͹Γ;ͫͪͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕͪ ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷt̻Ͷͪͼ̓͹͸΁ͳͶͪ
ͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͯͻͪͷͪi ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬΓͪ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͹ͬ͹ͭͭͶͪͼͳͶ͉ͪͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵Ͱ΁ͻ͵ͬͰͳͲ̀ͪͭͻͰͫͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ ͺ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵; ͼͽͻͪ͸; Ͳͫ͹ͭ
΂Ͱͭͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯ;ΒͰ ;ͺ͹ͻͼͽͻ
͌ͳͼͽ͹ͷͫͻ͹Β; ͺͻ͹ͽͪ̽;΃ͪ͸̺ͰͶͳ΂͵͹ͬͳΕ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ
t-ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ΁ͪ͵ͻ΃ͽͰΔ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͰͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͻͳ΂;͹΀ͳΓͪͯ;ͭ͹ͯͳ΃
Δ͹Β΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β͉;ͼͳΒͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͱͰͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪ
͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͪͺͰͶ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͷͰͯͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͯͪͺ͹ͯͻͱͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͼͺ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ;ͺ͹ͻͼͽͻ

͉Ͱͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͼͶͰͯͳͶͪ;͉͊͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ͍͉͊͠ͽ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪΒͰͳΔ͹ͷͰͼͰͲͫ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͰΕͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ͹ͫ͸ͳΒͰͫͪͬͳͽͳ
̾ͺͳͶ͹ͭ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ΂ͳΒͳ ͼͷ͹ ͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳ ͳ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ΒͰ ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ ͋͹ͷͰ
ͅͳͶͳΕͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸;̽;ͭͳ ͫͻ –
ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷt͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͵͹íͪ͵͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͻ͹΂͵ͳ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ΔͰͯ͹ͭͪ
ΌͪΒͰ
́ͲͽͰ͵ͼͽͪͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͷ͹t͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͫ͹Βͪ ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;
ͼͰͺͰͻͿͳͯ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͷͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪ ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͯͰͫͪͽͪͷͪ ͸ͪ Βͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͽͻͳͫͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͯͳͼ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵;Β; ͽ;Όͪ’ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪ
͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺͰͽͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ;ͺ;Ε;Β;ͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͷͳͶ;ΒͰ’ ͺ͹͸Ͱ
͵ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͪͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͯͳͭ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͳͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽ, ͺͳ΃;͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͺͳͼͷͪ’ ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͳͻͪΒ; ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ
– ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵ͪͰͷͳͼͳΒͪ͹ͯ ͷͳͳ;ͽͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ;ͽͰͷ;
– Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸΃ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵ͳͷͬͶͪͼͽͳͷͪͯͪͼͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͷͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ’ ͺo ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͱͳͬͪΓ

ͳͽͯi
97
͹ͫͻͰͯͰ;ΘͪͷͳΒͪͷͪͳ΁ͻ͵ͬͪͷͪ ͺ͹͸ͰͭͯͰ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;Βͪͬ͸ͪ͹ͺͰͶͪ’ ;ͷͻͶͳͷͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͯͳͼ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ <..>ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͹ͫͰͲͬͻͰΌ;ΒͰ ͳͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪ΃ͼͳͼͽͰͷ
<>͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ͼ;ͼͰ;̺ͻͪΔ; ̈́Ͱͼ͵͹ͬ΁; ͆ͳ΃; ̓ͻ;΃Ͱͬ΁; ̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬ΁; ̺ͪΓͰͬ;ͳ ͊ͷͰͯͰͻͰͬ;ͺ͹Βͪͬͳ
ͶͳͶͰ΁ͳ ͳͺͪͻ͹ͶͰ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ;ͺ;Ε;Β;ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱͳͺ͹Ͳͳͬͳ ͯͪ;ͼͽͪ͸;;͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
ͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ; ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͹ͯ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͪ <> Ͳͪ΀ͶͪΌͰΔͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹’
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͼͬͪ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ <>͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͶͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͺͪ͵ ͸ͪΒͼ͵;ͺΓͰͺͶͪΕͪ͹͸ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ; ΂ͳΒͰͷͼͰ͵ͻͳͶ;͹͸ͳͲͶͰͭͪ͹i ͼͽͻ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̹ͪͭͬͪͽͳ ͠

. ͌͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵
̹ͪ΃΂ͪͻͰͬͳΕ ́
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͶͳͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷ;ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ– ͌ͼͽͪͬͳͲ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ;̺̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͣ͠ͳͻͳΕ ͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͺͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ.
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͺͻͰͷͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β͌͸ͳΒͳ ̸͇͆͋ͳ͎ͪ΃͵͹ͷͽͻͳͫ;͸ͪͶ;
;͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͸ͪ͊ͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
͇ͯ͸͹ͼͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͶͳͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͺͻͰͷͪ
͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͷͳͽ;͵ͪ͹ͽ͹ͺ͹ͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͯͳͼͰͻͽͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ͍ͪͯͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ
ͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
̹͹ͭͯͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̽
̓Δͳͭͪ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ̸͊͆͌.
̺;͵͹ͽͳΕ ̺ ͳͯͻ ;ͻ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ–
͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ.
̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ̺ ͺͻͳͻ.) (2003). ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͳͽͳͶͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ̺ ͣͳͻͳΕ ͠ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͌
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽ
ͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬ͹ ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹.
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ̾
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ – ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ Ͳͪ ͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵;
ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ
͚ͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͊(). ͊;͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ͵Δͳͭͪ
̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳΕ ̹
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͯͰ
ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͪ
͹ͼͬͻͽ͹ͷ͸̹ͪ͹ͼ͸;ͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸; Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ–
̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ̽ͰͿͰ͸ͯ͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒͪ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ
98
͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ ͅ
. ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ – ͯͬͪ Ͷͳ͵ͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ ; ̸ͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ̹Ͱ͹
ͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpwww.bos.rs/materijali/aspekti.pdf <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
>
3JU[FS (
͈ͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͻ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪ
4PDJPMPHJDBM Theory 4FQUFNCFS ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQTXXXGGTUVOJTUIS@EPXOMPBE
SFQPTJUPSZ3JU[FS@1SPNJTMKBOKF@HMPCBMJ[BDJKFQEG<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
͈Ͱͻͳ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͳ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ

̽;ͭͪ ͫͻ – –17.
̽;ͭͪ ͫͻ –
̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͫͻ
̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͪͻͰ΂ ͫͻ
͆́͆ ͫͻ –18.
͆́͆ ͫͻ –49.
͆́͆ ͫͻ –13.
͆́͆ ͫͻ –21.
͆́͆ ͫͻ –10.
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͫͻ
̾ͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͪͳͲͯͪΔͪ
httpwww.bos.rs/materijali/aspekti.pdf
IUUQTXXXGGTUVOJTUIS@EPXOMPBESFQPTJUPSZ3JU[FS@1SPNJTMKBOKF@HMPCBMJ[BDJKFQEG

99

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CONFLICT

46.."3:
In this paper, we will show the ways in which internationalization of inter-ethnic conflict between Serbs
and Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija took place during the eighties of the twentieth century. Namely, the
antagonism of both ethnic groups was demonstrated in specific socio-political framework that was institu-
tionalized by the Constitution from 1974. In this way, the jurisdiction of the conflict between Serbs and Al-
banians settlemFOUXBTDBSSJFEPVUUISPVHIUISFFMFWFMTPGHPWFSONFOUGJSTUMZ UISPVHIUIFKVSJTEJDUJPOPGUIF
political institutions of SAP Kosovo, which by the above mentioned Constitution received the elements of
statehood. Then, especially from the second half of the eighties of the twentieth century, through the en-
gagement of the political elite of the FR Serbia. The third level of political interest in this inter-ethnic conflict
included the highest authorities of SFRY. Therefore, the role of mediators was passed from the provincial
through republican to the federal political leadership. The mediation process was taking place, of course, in
the reverse order, depending on the degree of severity of the antagonism of opposing sides. Also, as an alter-
native to political institutions which were naturally interested in the resolution of inter-ethnic conflict be-
tween Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija, the activity of the intellectual elite appears, first in FR
Serbia, and then in the other republics of SFRY. On the other hand, the Albanian side, aware of that, although
being in a favourable political framework that resulted from the Constitution from 1974, cannot emerge as
UIFiXJOOFSu TPJUBJNTUPGVSUIFSJOUFSOBUJPOBMJ[FUIFSFBMJ[BUJPOPGUIFJSPXOJOUFSFTUT and those interests are
the establishment of the Republic of Kosovo outside the framework of SFRY. The internationalization of the
problem meant to animate the political elite and the public of some countries of Western Europe and the
United States. All this occurs simultaneously with the beginning of the globalization processes in the world
that have already become apparent from this period, in the sphere of economy, politics and culture.
,&:803%4 globalization, internationalization, inter-ethnic conflict, Kosovo and Metohija.
100
316.644-
316.644-
̸̸͈̹͇͇̺̿͆́ͣ͠1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬ΁;
͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;͌ͱͳ΁;
̸͉͎͈͇̓͌̈́͋͌͆́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋̈́̽́̽ͅ
͌͋́͏̸̸̸̻͇̹̾̈́̈́́̀͠ͅ͏́̾͠2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͻͪͯͪ;͵ͪͲͪΕͰͷ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͺͻͰͷͳͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͳͲͽͰͷͰΓͪͷͰΔͪͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͱͳͬΓͰΔ̸ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪͳͼͽͳ
΂;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͪ͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ͵ͻ;ͺ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ͵ͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͆Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ ͽͪ͵͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ̓;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͪͲͫͳͬͪΔͪͼ;ͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͭ͹ΌͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͋Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ;
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ ΒͰͻͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͪͶͳͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ΒͰͻ͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͪ͸ͭͶ͹
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͋;ͼ;ͳͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͳͼ;ͺ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͳ͵͹Βͳ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͺ͹ͷͰͻͳͳ;͵;ͼ;ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱͳͺͻ͹ͽ͹ͽͳͺͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪ
ͯͪ
͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΃Ͷͳͼͷ͹ͼͰͺͻͰͯͯͳͶͰͷ͹ͷ͌͵͹ͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͇ͬͪ͵͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;Ͷ͹ΒͰ΁ͳΓͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͳͭͶͪͼͳ͌ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀͌ͼͬͰͽͶ;
͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ ͼͷ͹ Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵Ͱ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
;ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳ ; ͵͹ͷ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͰΕ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͺͻͰ͵͹ͿͳͶͷͼ͵Ͱ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸Ͱͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳ
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͯͪͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͻ;΃ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ΀͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͯͪͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷͼ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;͌ͱͳ΁; N
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪͯ͹
ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͲ͸ͪͽ͸;͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͭͻͪͯΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
1
rzjzboj@ptt.rs
2
͉ͪͯΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ t͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪͳ;΂ͰΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͳͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰi ͫͻ͹Β ͵͹Βͳ
ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ.
101
̺͇͌̽
͇ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͷͳͯ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ;ͬͰͲ;ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪͳͲ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͪͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͸ͪͷͼͰͯͬͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ
ͺͳͽͪΔ͈ͪͻͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰΒͰͼͽͰ΃ͽͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͯͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͵ͪ͵͹
ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ.
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ;ͯͻ;ͱͰ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽ
ͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰͼͬͰ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͯͪͱͳͬͰ;tΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;i
;͵͹ΒͰͷͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ Giddens ͼͽͻ
͆Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹-
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͺͻͪͽͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͽͰͷͺ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͽ͹͵͹
ͬͰ ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ;͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;
͆ͪͳͷͰ ΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰͲͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͬͰΒ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͳͬͰͻͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
͈ͻͰͷͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ;ͼͶͰͯ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͪ ;
ͯ;ͱͰͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳ΃;ͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͵͹ΒͰ͵ͪ
ͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͅ͹ΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͪͯͳͬͰͻͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͯͪΒͰͼ͸ͪͭͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪͳͲ
ͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͯͪ ΕͰ ͼͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͽͳ ͳͶͳ
͹ͼͽͪͽͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͫͶͳͱ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; Ralston et al ͼͽͻ–
͊ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷΒͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪͳ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ͵ͻ͹ͼͬͰͻͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪtͺ͹ͷͳͻͳi͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯͺͻͰͽ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ
̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͼ͵͹ΒͰͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͺ͹ͶͪͲͳͷ͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰ
ͽͪ ;ͬͰ͵ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͸͹ͻͷͳ ͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ;͸;ͽͪͻ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͪͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳ ̻ͬ͹Ͳͯͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ

͉̓͌̈́͋͌͆́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋–̸͈͇͠ͅ
͌ͽͻͪͭͪΔ;ͲͪͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸ͳΒͳͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰͷͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ,;͹΂ͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͯͪͬͰ
Ͷͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͯ͹͵ͼͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͺ͹
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹ΔͰ͸ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹ ΃ͽ͹͸ͪͷΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;Ͷ͹ͯͬͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͭͯͰͼͰͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͪͭͯͰ
ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ, ͳ ΃ͽͪ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ΃ͽ͹
ΒͰͯͪ͸ͺ͹Βͪͷ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷ;ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸͹Β΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒͳ͵͹Β͹ΒͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͺ͹Βͪͷ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ
͠͹΃͹ͯͻͳͷͼ͵͹ͭͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͪ͏ͳ΁Ͱͻ͹͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;I ͬͰ͵;ͺͻͰ͸͹ͬͰͰͻͰ ;͈͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͋;ͼ͵;
Ͷͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ, ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͺͻͬͳ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͹ ͻͰ΂ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ (QIJMPTPGJKB BVUFN DVMUVSB
animi),ͺ͹ͯ͵͹Β͹ͷΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;Γ;ͯͼ͵Ͱͯ;΃Ͱ ΔͰ͸͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕ;ΒͰͼͰ
ͼͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ ;Ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ΀;ͷͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵͹ͭͯ;΀ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ ͼ͸Ͱͭ͹
ͬͪΔͰͷΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱͯ;΃Ͱ ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

102
̸̸͈̹͇͇̺̿͆́ͣ̓͠;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͉Ͱ΂͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͼͰ ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ;ͼͽͪͶͳͶͪ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β;XVIII ͬͰ͵; ;ͯͰͶͳͷ̸ͪͯͰͶ;͸ͭͪ Johann Chris-
toph Adelung
͵͹Βͳ ; ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͵ΔͳͲͳ ́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͺͶͰ
ͷͰΔͳͬͪΔͰͼͬͳ΀ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͽͳͷͰͳ΁ͰͶͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Β͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ
͹ͬͪͻͰ΂ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͺͻ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͺͶͰͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;ͺͽͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͪͅͻ
͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̺ͰΕͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͻͰ΂͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͪͬΓͪͼͰ;ͯͬͰͼͰͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ
ͽͰ΀
͸ͳ΂͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͶͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ– ͺ͹ͯ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ΂͹ͬͰ
͵ͪͯͪ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳ͸ͪ;͵;ͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ– ͵ͪ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͳͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸͹ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹΂͹ͬͰ
͵ͪ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽͪ ͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͵͹ΒͰͭͼͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͳͲͷͰΕ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͷͪͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹Γ;ͯͼ͵;ͯͳͷͰ͸
ͲͳΒ; ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͯͬͪͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͪͺͻͬͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳΔͰͷ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪ
ͯͻ;ͭͳΒͰͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸͵Ͱ͵͹Βͪͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͽ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͈͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪͯͬͪͼͰͭ
ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͼͰ ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͸͹ͻͷͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͯͪͽͰ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺͻͰͷ̻ͪͪΒͳΕͳ̻ͻͪ͸ͯͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰͼͬͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳ
ͻ͹ͯͪͳͳͷͪ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸;Γ;ͯͼ͵;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ;;͹͸ͳͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪͳͼͽͳ΂;ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ
͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ̓Ͷ͹ͯ̈́Ͱͬͳ͊ͽͻ͹ͼ Claude Levi-Strause
ͪͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹
ͼͽͳͷͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͸ͪͯͳͶͪͲͳ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͳ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͳͷ ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ
ͳͼͺ;Δͪͬͪ ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͷͳͼͪ͹ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ
ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻͰͯͬ͹Βͪ͵͹ ;΃ͳͻͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͭͯͰͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͼͬͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͬͪ
ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ ͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͫͻͪ ͳ ; ;ͱͰͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ; ͵͹Βͳ ;ͶͪͲͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
̹ͻͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͉;ͼ͵ͳ ͼͰͷͳ͹ͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͷͪͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬ͹ͯͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸
ͽͻͳ΃Ͱͳͪ͵;ͷ;Ͷͳͻͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͫͳͽ͸͹ͷͰΔͪΒ;
͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͷͰΔͪͳΒͰͲͳ͵̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͲͪͽ͹
ͺ͹ͯͶͰͱͰ ͳͼͽͳͷ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͼͰͷͳ͹ͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͳ ͇ͽ;ͯͪ ̈́͹ͽͷͪ͸
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͰͷͳ͹ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
͵͹Βͳͷ͹
ͱͰͯͪ;ͶͪͲͳ;ͯͻ;ͭ;΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͪͶͳͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͸ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͺͻͰͷͪͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ

̽ͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹ ͳ ͵͹ͯ ͉ͰΒͷ͹͸ͯͪ ̺ͳͶͳΒͪͷͼͪ Raymond
Williams
͵͹Βͳ͸;ͯͳ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹
ͼͽͪΔͰͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;΁ͰͶ͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳ
ͬ͹ͽͪͭͻ;ͺͰΓ;ͯͳ Eagleton ͼͽͻ
͆Ͱ͹ͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͭͻͪͯͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔ;ΒͰͳͯͰΒͰͳ͸ͪͬͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͯͰͶͰͳͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ
΁ͳΒͪͷͪ )BSBMBNCPT ͼͽͻ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͭͻͪͯͳ ͼͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ
́ͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͼ;
ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͯͬͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ Ͳͪ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹΃Ε; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ Ͳͪ
͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃Ε; ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͉Ͱ΂ ΒͰ ͹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͵͹Βͳͷ ͼͰ
;ͽͰͷͰΓ;Β;ͫͪͲͳ΂͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͻͳ΂ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒ͈ͪ͹ͽͻͪͭͪͲͪ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ Kokoviǀ ͼͽͻ

103
̓ͻͪͽͪ͵ͺͻͰͭͶͰͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ
ͼͪΔ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ;͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪ– ͹ͯ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀΁ͪͻͼͽͪͬͪ
ͺͻͰ͵͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͯ͹ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͫͳͲ͸ͳͼͪ Katunariǀ
͉ͪͲͬ͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Β;
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͷ͹͵ͪ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͰͶͪ ΒͰͯ
͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͵͹ΒͰ;΂ͳ ͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹̸͵͹ͺ͹ΌͰͷ͹͹ͯͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;΂ͳΒͰͷ͹͵ͻͳΓ;ͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͹͸ͯͪ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͪͯ͹Εͳͯ͹ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪΔͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ΃ͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͺͰ΂ͪͽͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔ;ͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͶͳͲͷͪͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ Katunariǀ

̸̸͈͇͇̺͇͇͉͚̻͇̹͆̽̾̾̾̈́̈́́̀͢͠ͅ͏́̾͠
͆ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;XXI ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͬͻͶ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ͸ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;ΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ;tͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i
΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͼͬͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ͆Ͱ͹ͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪiͼͰ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͳͲͫͰΕͳ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹͹͵͹ΒͰͷͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͼͰͻͪͯͳͶ͹̓ͪ͵͹ͼ;͸ͪ΃Ͱ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ
͸͹ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͻͪͯ ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪͷ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ
ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͿͰͻͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͷ͸͹ͭͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰͳ͹ͻͭͪ
͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͲ͸͹ͼͰ ͼͬ͹Βͪ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͠Ͱͯ͸ͳ ͫͰͲͻͰͲͰͻͬ͸͹ ͳͷͪΒ; ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸ ͼͽͪͬ ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͸ͰͷͳͶ͹ͼͻͯ͸͹ ͸ͪͺͪͯͪΒ; ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͼͺ͹ͻ͸Ͱͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͰͲͪͼͬ͹Βͼͽͪͬ ̹͹Β͹ͬͳΕͳͼͪͻ ͼͽͻ3).
͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬ(ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͼͰΒͪͬΓͪ;XIX ͬͰ͵;, ͪͼͪͷͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹Β
ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪͺ͹ͽͳ΂ͰͳͲXVIII ͬͰ͵ͪ
ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͬͻͰͷͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ
;ͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼ;΁ͳͽͪͽͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ SCI
̹͹Β͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̽ͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͺ͹ΒͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͿ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪΔͰ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͳͲ͹ͫͳΓͪ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹
̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹͹͵͹Β͹Β
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͼͰͻͪͯͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͹Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͬͳ
΃ͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ ͷ͹ͭ;ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳ͵ͪ͹tͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͽͰͱΔͪ͵ͪ;ΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔ;ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳ΃ͳͻͰΔ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͻͪͲͷͰͻͰͳͲͬͪ͸͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ;ͲΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ;
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳi ̓ͶͪΒ͸ ͑ͳͺ͵ͪ ͼͽͻ
͋͹ΒͰͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒͪ͸ ͬͳ΃ͰͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͰͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ͼͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͬͰͬͰΕͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽ
ͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ΃ͽ͹ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͫͻͲ͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀
͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ

̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͳͲ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͼͽͳ΂ͰͼͰ;ͽͳͼͪ͵ͯͪͼͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳ ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͺͰͻ
΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̓͹ͻ;ͫͳ͸ ͼͽͻ

ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
ͼͽͬͪ
104
ͻͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͌͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ͸ͳΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͳͲͬͰͼͽͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͼͬͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͱͳͬͳͷ͹;tΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;i ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰΒͪͬΓͪͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ
ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺͻ͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ Giddens ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵͸ͪͷͰΕͰ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳΕͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻͳͫͶͳ
ͱͪͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͶ; ͯ͹Εͳͳͯ͹ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͭͻ;ͺͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΂ͳͷͰͼͷ͹ͼͰͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͳͶͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ͺͻͳͼͽͪ
Ͷͳ΁ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͅ͹ΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͊Ͷͳ͵ͪ ͊ͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͪͺ;΃ͽͪ͵͹ͻͰΔͰ;ͼͬͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ
̈́͹͸΂ͪͻ ͼͽͻ

̾ͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͫͪͬͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
ͬͪΔͰ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ̓ͪͶͪΔ 0̓ͪͽ;͸ͪͻͳΕ Štulhofer, 2001. ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺͪͯͪͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ Esposito
ͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹̀͸ͪͽͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͼͰͫͪͬͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ͹΂;ͬ
ͪΔͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͼͰ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ ͵͹ͯͷͶͪͯͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;
ͯͬ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͼͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰ
ͽ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͯͬ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΒͰͼͽͰͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͰ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪΔ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹ͯͷͶͪͯͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹;͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͪͷͪ "SOFUU ͼͽͻ#FSSZ 4FHBMM -POOFS #FSSZ
͆Ͱͷͪͼ;ͷΔͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ;͸͹ͼͳͬͰͶͳ͵;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;; ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒ; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͻͪͲͷͰ͸; ͳ Β͹΃ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͽ͹ͭͪ (Korenǁiǀ Kampl, Šajkoviǀ
ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸̸͇͇͇̻͉̺̾͋̽̈́́́͊͋̿́͢͠ͅ
͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ ͹ͯ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ͹ ͺ͹Βͷ; ͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͹
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ; Ϳ͹͵;ͼ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀́͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͲͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͫͪͲͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵Ͱ ͳ ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸Ͱ ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ; ; ͯͳͶͰͷͳ ΃ͽͪ
Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͳͷͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀– Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳͶͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ΁ͳΓ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͭͶͪͼͳ͌ͽ
ͬͻͯͳͽͳ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͇ͬͪ͵͹ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ ΁ͳΓ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͯͪΓͰͼͷ͹͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͲͪͯͪͽ͵ͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
;ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͼͽͪ
ͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͿͳͶͷͼ͵Ͱ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸Ͱ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͰ;ͷͰͽ͸͹
ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸; ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪΔͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͪ Ͷͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͯͪ
ͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͷͲͪͯͪ΁ͳͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͰ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͺͻͰ͵͹ͿͳͶͷͼ͵Ͱ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸Ͱ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ;ͷͰͽ
͸͹ͼͽͳ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷͼ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;͌ͱͳ΁; N
͌Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵
ΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒͪ͸ ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪΒͰͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪ;ͽͪͫͰͶͳ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪͺͻͰͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷ;
̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ͈͹Ͷ
I II III IV ͅ;΃͵ͳ ̿Ͱ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹
f % f % f % f % f % f %
28,70 27,79 70 27 439
͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸;ͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶ;΂ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͪͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͪͼ΀ͬͪ
ͽͪΔͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͈ͪͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͪΒͰͯͰ
ͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͪ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ ͪ ͹ͯ ͷͰͻ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͼͰ Ͳͪ
ͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸; ̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬ; ͼ͵ͪͶ; ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͊ͳͻ͹ͬͳ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ ͺ;ͽͰͷ ̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬͰ ͼ͵ͪͶͰ
ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͯͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͼͪ͸ͳͼ; ;ͽͻͳ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͼͶͪͱͰͷ ͼͰ ͸Ͱͷͪͷͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͸Ͱ
106
ͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰ
͇ͫͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪΒͰ;ͻͪΌͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͈͊͊͊ͼ͹ͿͽͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͺͪ͵Ͱͽ͎ͪͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͰͼ;ͽͰͼͽͳ
ͻͪ͸ͰͳͲͻͪ΂;͸ͪͬͪΔͰͷ͎ͳ͵ͬͪͯͻͪͽͽͰͼͽͪ
̸̸̸̸͉͉̺̾̀͌̈́͋͋́́͊͋̿́͢
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͳͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰ
ͽͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳͼͷ͹͵ͻ͹ͲΔͳ΀͹ͬ;͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͽͬͻͯΔͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ
ͼͶͪͱ;ͼͯͪͽ͹ͷͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷ

͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͽͬͻͯΔͳ
͸ͰͼͶͪͱ;ͼͰͼͯͪͽ͹ͷͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷ̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼ;ͭͻ;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹Ͳͪͯͪ΁ͳͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
͈ͻͬͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͺ;ͽͰͷ͵͹ΒͰͭͼͰ ;Ͳ
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͿͳͶͷͼ͵Ͱ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸Ͱ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪΒ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ
ͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͺͻͪͽͰ ͿͳͶͷͼ͵ͪ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸ͪͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ
΂ͳΒͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͺ͹ͽͳ΂;ͳͲͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͽ͹ͷ;ͬͰͻͰΔ;ͽͻͪͱͳͶͳͼͷ͹͹ͯΔͳ΀ͯͪ͹ͯͻͰͯͰ
ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͼͶͪͭͪΔͪͼͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͷͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͺ;ͽͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸;ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͆Ͱ ͆Ͱͷͪͷ
͊ͶͪͱͰͷͼͰ
ͿͳͶͷͼ͵Ͱ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸Ͱ ͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͻͳ
f f f
% % %
23 26 77
I
20,63 61,12
̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪ 18 27 77
II ʗ2
ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ 22,14 63,11
EG
18 28
III Q
14,88 23,14 61,98
11 11 48
IV

7 2 18
ͅ;΃͵ͳ ʗ2
7,41 66,66
͈͹Ͷ EG
63 90
̿Ͱ͸ͼ͵ͳ Q
21,84 60,68
70 92 277
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 439
20,96 63,09
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ͹͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͲͪ͸Ͱ͵;͹ͯͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͬͻͯΔͳ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͶͳ ͼͶͪͱͰ
ͼͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͺͻͰ͵͹ͿͳͶͷͼ͵Ͱ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͬͻͼͽͪ
107
;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͆Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͪ͸ͼͽͪͬΒͰͳͼ͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ ͳͶͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͪ ͯ͹͵ͼͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͶ͹ͱͳͶ͹ͼͪͺ͹͸;ΌͰ͸͹ͷͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷ
͌ͺ͹ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͷͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͼͬͪ͵Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳͳͲ͸Ͱͽͳ΀;ͽͪͫͰͶͳ;͹΂ͳͶͳ
ͼͷ͹;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸;ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͵ͪͯͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼͬͪͽͻͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ̽ͪΓͪ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͹ͫͻͪͯͪ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ ͯͪ ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͳͲ;ͭͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ͵͹Β;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͺ͹΀ͪΌͪ
(ʗ df p

͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͪͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͸ͳΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ͸ͪͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͆ͪ
ͳͷͰ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷΒͰ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͳͷͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͫͪͺ͹Ͷͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ;ͽͰͷ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ʗ df
p
ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
͈͹ ͼͬͰͷ; ͼ;ͯͰΕͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͳͷͪΒ; ; ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹Β ͷͰͻͳ ͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ ͼͽͪͬ
ͺͻͰͷͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͳͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹tͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͰ͸;ͻ;͵;iͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͺͻͰͷͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ
͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͌ͺ͹ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͷͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͼͬͪ͵Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ͳͲ
͸Ͱͽͳ΀;ͽͪͫͰͶͳ ;͹΂ͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸;ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͵ͪͯΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼͶͪ
ͭͪΔͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͰ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ ΃ͽ͹;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ
͸͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸ͫͻ͹Β
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͻͪͯͳͼͰ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͺͻͬͰͳͲͪͬͻ΃͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷͪ
͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͳͲ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͻͪͯͳ ͼͰ ͹
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭͰͳͽͻͰΕͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪΔͰ͹ͯͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͺͻͰ
ͯͰͶͳͶ͹ͼͰͲͪͽͬͻͯΔ;͵͹Β͹ͷͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͹;Ͷ͹ͲͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͹΂;ͬͪΔ;ͷͪ
ͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͳ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͵ͻ͹ͲͬͻͰͯ͸͹
ͼͽͳʗ2 df p ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ͷͼͶͪͭͪΔ;;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͬͳ΀ͼͽ;
ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ; ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
108

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻΔͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ
͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸;ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹
͆Ͱ ͆Ͱͷͪͷ
;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͪ ͊ͶͪͱͰͷͼͰ
ͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
ͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͻͳ
f f f
% % %
34 42
I
39,68 26,98 33,33
62
̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪ II
28,69 20,49 ʗ2
ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ
37 EG
17 67 Q
III
14,04
24 12 34
IV
34,26 17,14
6 16
ͅ;΃͵ͳ ʗ2
22,22
͈͹Ͷ EG
140 83 189
̿Ͱ͸ͼ͵ͳ Q
33,98
146 88
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 439
33,26 46,69
͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ͪ
΃ͽ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͻͳʗ df p ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͋ͻͰΕͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;Ͷ͹ͲͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ; ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪΔͪ ͹ͯ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͌ͺ͹ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͺ͹
ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ́ͪ͵͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͪ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽ ;͹΂Ͱ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͫͻ͹Βͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱ͸͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͸ͪͼͬͰ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰ
ͼͰ ͼ ͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷ ͯͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͹ͯ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
̻͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͳͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͲ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸ͪ Ͳͪ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͌ ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ͭ ͎ͳ ͵ͬͪͯͻͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳʗ df p ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

109

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪΔͰ͹ͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸;ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͻ;΃ͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ΀ ͆Ͱ ͆Ͱͷͪͷ
͊ͶͪͱͰͷͼͰ
͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͻͳ
f f f
% % %
37 30
I
29,37 46,83 23,81
̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪ 37 29
II ʗ2
ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ 30,33 23,77
EG
31 37
III Q
43,80
16 32 22
IV
22,86 31,43
10 8 9
ͅ;΃͵ͳ ʗ2
37,04 29,63 33,33
͈͹Ͷ EG
111 192 109
̿Ͱ͸ͼ͵ͳ Q
26,94 46,60 26,46
200
121 118
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 439
26,87
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͪͶͪͻͷͪ͸ͽͪ͸ ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ ͯͪ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ

͸Ͱͷͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸͹ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͻ;΃ͰΔͰ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸ͳΒͰ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͪ͸ͳͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;
ͺ͹Ͷ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͸ͪͽ͹;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳʗ df p ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͉ͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ;΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ; ͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͰͲͪͺ͹Ͳͳͬ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͰͷͰΓͰΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪͶͳͼͷ͹
;ͼͬͰͽͶ;͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͸͹ͬͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͬͰΕͳ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͵͹ΒͳͽͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪͼͪͷͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͰ
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ ;ͬͳͯ; ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ΁ͳΓͳͲͪͯͪͽ͵ͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͹ ;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ ͳ ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͼ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳ
110
͊΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͺͻͬ͹ͷ Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͷ͹ ͯͪ
Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͳͷͪͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͼͽͪͬ͹΃ͽͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͬͻͶ͹ͼ;ͺͽͳͶ͸͹ͷͳ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔ;ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͻͪͲ
ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͻͪͯͪ ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ;ͽͰͷͿͳͶͷͼ͵Ͱ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸Ͱ
ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͬͻͼͽͪ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ
͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵̻ͪ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͼ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪͺ͹͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳ
;ͬͰͻΓͳͬ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͯͻ;ͭͰͳͽͻͰΕͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳͼ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼͽͪͬ͹΃ͽͰͽ͸͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͯ͹͵ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͺͻͬͰͳͲͪͬͻ΃͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸
͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ ͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͈ͻͰͽͺ͹
ͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͺͻͬͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ Β͹΃ ;ͬͰ͵ ͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹
ͬͳ΃ͽͪͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ͵͹ΒͳͷΕͰͼͰ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͫͪͬͳͽͳ ͯ͹͵ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͲͪͬͻ΃͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͬ;ͽͬͻͯΔ;ͻͪͲ;
ͷͰͬͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸;ͬͻͼͽ;ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͷͰΔͪͳ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;;ͼͶ͹
ͬͪ;͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;
́ͪ͵͹ͼͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪΔͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;ͬͳͯ;ͼ;ͲͫͳΒͪΔͪͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͳ
͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͻͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͯͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͷͪΒ;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹͹ͺͻͰ΂͸Ͱͼͽͪ
ͬ͹ͬͰ ͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ;΃ͽͻͫ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͆ͪͳͷͰ
ͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͼͽ͹ͷͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷ ͯ͹͵ͼͰͯͻ;ͭͪͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͶͪͱͰ̀͸ͪͽͪ͸ͯͰ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͸ͰͷͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͭͻͪͯΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͷͶͪ
ͯͳ΀
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͲ͸ͪͽ͸;͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͭͻͪͯΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀͌ͬͪͱͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͸ͪͼͬͰ
ͼͿͰͻͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͻͪͯͪ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͼͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͳͲͫͰΕͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ΂ͳΒ; ͹͵͹ͼ͸ͳ΁; ΂ͳ͸ͳ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͇΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͰͽͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͯͬ͹ͼͷͰͻ͸͹
ͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͺ;ͽͰͷ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͶͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒͰ

111

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌

Arnett, J. J. (2002). The Psychology of Globalization. "NFSJDBO1TZDIPMPHJTU 7PM /P"NFSJDBO
1TZDIPMPHJDBM"TTPDJBUJPO–783. %0*-9
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7SØBD6ǁIJØLPMBQBMFTUSVLPWOFTUVEJKF 1BMFTJLBWJQFWJOBKFOHPt.JIBJMP1BMPWi
– "SBE 3PNBOJB
Universitatea dFWFTUt"VSFM7MBJDVi
̹ͻͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ̽
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͪ ;͆ͪ;΂͸ͪͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰ
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ ͼͽͻ–
̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̻ͪΒͳΕ ͇ͳ̻ͻͪ͸ͯͳΕ ͉
͑͵͹Ͷͪ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ΒͷͳͼͳΒͳ͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ,3340–361.
Giddens, A. (2007). 4PDJPMPHJKB. BeogradEkonomski fakultet.
(WP[EFOPWJǀ +
+F[JLJLVMUVSOJJEFOUJUFU)SWBUB ,SPBUPMPHJKB –
Eagleton, T. (2002). *EFKBLVMUVSF;BHSFC/BLMBEB+FTFOTLJJ5VSL)BSBMBNCPT . )FBME 3

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Korenǁiǀ K. K., Šajkoviǀ A. (2002). 4UBWPWJ QSFNB HMPCBMJ[BDJKJ QSJNKFS TUVEFOBUB 7FUFSJOBSTLPH J
Šumarskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, %SVštvenaistraßJWBOKB, god. 11, br. 2– –
Institut društvenih
znanostiZagreb–468.
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̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͼͪ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭͼ͵;ͺͪͼͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͷ͊ͳ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
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͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ ͊ͳ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͪ.
Ralston D. A. et al. (1997). The Impact of National Culture and Economic Ideology on Managerial
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CULTURAL IDENTITY OF YOUNG PEOPLE UNDER

5)&&''&$540'(-0#"-*;"5*0/

SUMMARY
In the theoretical part of the paper, we will point out the basic premises of globalization as a complex
process that changes the ambiental conditions of life. Analysts of social phenomena point out that globaliza-
tion is not neutral. On the contrary, it causes major changes in the economic, political, cultural, educational,
media and technological field.
The cultural dimension of globalization intends to create the uniform global culture. Undoubtedly, this
is possible due to the homogenization of national cultures. Cultural events have been greatly affected by the
processes of globalization and transition. These changes can be viewed positively as they lead to the interac-
tion of world cultures, but also negatively because they impose Anglo-Western culture that suppresses na-
tional cultures. There are also various cultural and subcultural movements that accelerate cultural processes
and create a mass culture according to the customs and taste of the consumer society that imposes values,
cultural patterns and life prototypes of the most developed countries of the West.
4UBSUJOHGSPNUIFPSFUJDBMDPOTJEFSBUJPOT XFBSFGBDFEXJUIBEJMFNNBUPXIBUEFHSFFEPFTHMPCBMJ[a-
UJPOBGGFDUUIFDVMUVSBMJEFOUJUZPGZPVOHQFPQMF 5IJTEFGJOFETUBSUJOHQPJOUJNQPTFEUIFHPBMPGUIFTUVEZUP
determine level of the influence of globalization on the cultural identity of young people. In the light of these
DPOTJEFSBUJPOT XFIBWFTFUVQUIFGPMMPXJOHSFTFBSDIUBTLT
UPEFUFSNJOFUPXIBUFYUFOUHMPCBMJ[BUJPO
imposes Western culture through film, literary BOENVTJDBSU
FYBNJOFTUVEFOUBUUJUVEFTBCPVUXIFUIFS
HMPCBMJ[BUJPO SVJOT MPDBM DVMUVSFT CVU SFMFBTFT UIFN GSPN UIF JOGMVFODF PG OBUJPOBM JEFPMPHZ
FYBNJOF
whether globalization negatively affects the cultivation of native languages.
,&:803%4culture, cultural identity, students, nation, globalization.
113

̸̸̹͇͉͉̹͉́͊͋́͆1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒ;
̸̸̸̸̸͇̹͉̓͊͆͋́͆ 2
͈͉͇͏̸̸͔̻͇̹̾͊͊̈́̈́́̀͏́́́
̸͇͕͈͉͉͉͇́̽̾͆͋́͐͆͊͋͆́̾̾͌̽͌͋͊̓͂ͅͅ
͉͈̹̾͊͌̈́́̓́
̸̸͇͆͆͋͏̻́͘Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ͸ͳͬͰͶͳͻ;ͰͽͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳΊͬ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͰͺ͹ͶͳΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ;ͷͪ̽ͪ͸
͸ͪΊ ͼͽͪͽ·Ί ͻͪͼͼͷͪͽͻͳͬͪͰͽ Ͱ΋ ͬͶͳΊ͸ͳͰ ͸ͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ·͸͹ͷ ;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ʹ ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ
̓;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͪͱͳͽͰͶͰʹͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳͺ͹ͯͬ͹ͲͯͰʹͼͽͬͳͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹-Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ
ͽͰͻͺͳͽͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΉͬ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊͳͫΆͽͪ ͳͶͶΉͲ͹ͻ͸͹ ͺͻͳ͸ͳͷͪΊ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹-Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳͰͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͽΆͲͪͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰ̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵ͪΊͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͬ͸ͰͯͻͰ͸ͳͰͿͪͼͽͿ;ͯͪͬ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽΆͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͺ͹ͺ;ͶΊͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͿ͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻͪ ͳͷͳͯͱ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͭ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ͪͲͪͯͪΉͽ͸͹ͬΆͰ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ
͸ͪͽΆͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹-Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͳͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹͹ͫͻͪͲͪͷΆͼͶͳͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪͱͳͲ͸ͳͼͻͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
ͱͳͽͰͶΊ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ʹ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ
̺͔̓̈́͗͐̾̾ ̸͇̺͊̈́ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ͪΊ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ· ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ Ϳ͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻ ͌ͯ
ͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͪΊ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ
͈ͻͰ͹ͫͶͪͯͪΉ΄ͳͷ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͷͳͻͪ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ ͼ͹΁ͳ-

ͪͶ·͸͹-Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬͼͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ;Ή΄ͳͷͺ͹ͭͶ͹΄Ͱ͸ͳͰͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͳΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ͋Ͱ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͽͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ
ͲͪͼͽͪͬͶΊΉͽ ͺ͹ͯ;ͷͪͽ· ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͷ ͳ Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵͹ͻ͸Ί΀ ΂ͽ͹ͫΆ j΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΊͼ· ͬͼͰ ͫ͹ͶͰͰ ͬͲͪͳͷ͹ͼͬΊͲͪ͸͸Άͷ ͳ Ͱͯͳ͸Άͷ ͸Ͱ ;ͽͻͪ΂ͳͬͪͶ͹ ͼͬ͹Ͱͭ͹ Έͽ͸͹͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͹
ͷ͸͹ͭ͹͹ͫͻͪͲͳΊv ͋ͳ΃͵͹ͬ ͼ
.
1
uranela@eunet.rs
2
shtaynshtayn@gmail.com
114
̸̸̹͉͋́͆ ̸̸̹͉͈͋́͆ͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ͪΊͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ·
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ;ͼͽͪ͸ͪͬͶͳͬͪͰͽ͸͹ͬΆͰͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͵͹ͷͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳͳ ͼͽͪͬΊͺ͹ͯ;ͭͻ͹Ͳ;
ͽͰͻͷͳ͸j͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ͪΊͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ·v͖ͽ͸͹͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸ͪΊͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ– ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͸ͳͬͰͶͳͻ͹ͬͪ-
͸ͳΊͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳʹͬ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͰͺ͹ͶͳΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ;ͷͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷͪͬ΀͹ͯͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͷ͹-
ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͈ͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯΊ΄ͳͰ ͬ ͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͷ ͷͳͻͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆ ͪͼͼͳͷͳͶΊ΁ͳͳ – ͼͶͳΊ͸ͳΊ ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ;Ή΄ͪΊ;ͽͻͪͽͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ ͼͪͷ͹ͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳΊ͊͹ͬͻͰ-
ͷͰ͸͸͹ͰΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͭͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸͸͹Ͱ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹͸ͪ΀͹ͯͳͽͼΊͬͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ·͸Ά΀Έͽ͸ͳ-
΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͬ͹ͫ΄ͰͰ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͽͳͼ͵͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ͪΊͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ·ͬ͵ͶΉ΂ͪͰͽͬͼͰͫΊͺ͹ͶͰͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ʹ ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ Έͽ͸ͳ-
΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ ΊͲΆ͵͹ͬ͹ʹͳͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ʹͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͰʹ̺͹ͲͯͰʹͼͽͬͳͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳʹ
ͳ͸͹ͬΆ΀ͬͰΊ͸ͳʹͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͪͰͽͼ͹΀ͻͪ͸ͳͽ·ͳͳͶͳͻͪͲͻ;΃ͳͽ·͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άʹ͵ͪͻ͵ͪͼ͈͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶ·͸Άͷͳ
ͽͳͺͳ΂͸Άͷ ͯͶΊ ͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ʹ ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;ͼ͵͹Ͷ·ͲͪΉ΄Ͱʹ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽ-
ͼ͵͹ͭ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆʹͬ΀͹ͯͳͽͬͼ͹ͼͽ͉ͪͬ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪͼ͎7*ͬͰ͵ͪ̽͹Ͳͪͬ͹Ͱͬͪ͸ͳΊ́ͬͪ-
͸͹ͷ̻ͻ͹Ͳ͸Άͷ̓ͪͲͪ͸ͳ ͬͭ͹ͯ; ;ͯͷ;ͻͽΆ ͬ΀͹ͯͳͶͳ ͬ ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬ ̓ͪͲͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹΀ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳͫΆͶͳͷ;-
ͼ;Ͷ·ͷͪ͸ͪͷͳ ͳ ΊͲΆ΂͸ͳ͵ͪͷͳ ͊ ͭ͹ͯͪ ̓͹ͷͳͼͼͳͰʹ ͸͹ͬ͹͵ͻͰ΄Ͱ͸͸Ά΀ ͯͰͶ ͸ͪ΂ͪͶ͹ͼ· ͷͪͼͼ͹ͬ͹Ͱ
͹ͫͻͪ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰ;ͯͷ;ͻͽ͹ͬͬ΀ͻͳͼͽͳͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹
͋ͪ͵͸ͪͲΆͬͪͰͷΆʹͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼj͹ͫͻ;ͼͰ͸ͳΊvͺͻͳͬͰͶ͵ͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͼͽ͈ͪͬͪ͹
ͯͪ͸͸ΆͷͺͰͻͰͺͳͼͳ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͭ͹ͯͪ ͬ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͳͳͺͻ͹ͱͳͬͪͶ͹ ͻ;ͼͼ͵ͳ΀ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽ͹ͬͳ
ͽͪͽͪͻ ͆ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͳͳ

͊͹ͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͪͽ·Ͱ̓͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳͳ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ j͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶͰͷͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪͳͰͯͳ͸-
ͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άͷ ͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͳ͵͹ͷ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͬ ͉͍ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άʹ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯv ̓͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΊ

̺ͼ͹ͼͽ͉ͪͬ͹ͼͼͳͳͬ΀͹ͯΊͽͼ;ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ ͼͻͰͯͳ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ά΀͹͵ͻ;ͭͪ ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͪͿͰ
ͯͰͻͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͵ͻͪͰͬ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͰʹ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳͳͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͪΊ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ·͈͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͷ; ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ͵; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ΆͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ̸ͯΆͭͰΊ ̽ͪͭͰͼͽͪ͸ ͋ͪͽͪͻͼͽͪ͸ ͅ͹ͻͯ͹ͬͳΊ ͌ͯ
ͷ;ͻͽͳΊͳͯͻ;ͭͳͰ̺͵ͪͱͯ͹ʹͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͰͰͼͽ·ͼͬ͹Ί̓͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΊ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Ά΀ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͯͬ͹ʹ
͸ͪΊͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭ͹͹ͫͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΊͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸͹ͬͷͰͼͽ͸͹ͭ͹ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΊ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵;Ή ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;
͎͊ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͸ͪͲͬͪͶͫΆj͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͷ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͷvͬ͹͵ͻ;ͭjͼͽͰͻͱ͸Ͱͬ͹ͭ͹ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪv ͎ͪ͸
ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͼ
͉͹ͼͼͳͳ
̻͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽ·͹ͼ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪ ͻͰͪͶͳͲ;Ͱͷ͹ͭ͹ ͬ΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ͋ͪ͵ ͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͫ΄Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͽͰͶ·͸Ά΀ͲͪͬͰͯͰ-
͸ͳʹ ΃͵͹Ͷ
ͬ ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͰ ́ͱͰͬͼ͵Ͱ – ͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͳͳ ͬͼͰͭ͹ ͳͲ ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳʹ
ΊͲΆ͵ͳͲ;΂ͪΉͽͬ΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ ͽͪͽͪͻͼ͵ͳʹΊͲΆ͵ͬ΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀͆͹ͬͼͰͪͫͼ͹ͶΉͽ͸͹΃͵͹ͶΆͳͲ;΂ͪΉͽͻ;ͼ-
ͼ͵ͳʹΊͲΆ͵ ͪ͸ͭͶͳʹͼ͵ͳʹΊͲΆ͵ͳͬͽ͹ͻ͹ʹ͸ͪͬΆͫ͹ͻ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;Ͳͼ͵ͳʹͳͶͳ͸ͰͷͰ΁͵ͳʹ
̽ͶΊͲ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͼͽͬͪ
ͼ͵͹ͻͰ͸͸ΆͷΊͲΆ͵͹ͷͬ͹ͬͼͰ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͪͰͱͰͭ͹ͯ͸͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;ΉͽͼΊ̽͸ͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ
̹͹ͻ͹ͽ·ͼΊͲͪͼ͹΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ– ͸Ͱͽ͹Ͷ·͵͹ͯͰͶ͹ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͸͹ͳͼͰͷ·ͳ
͊Ͱͭ͹ͯ͸Ί ͬ ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͳͳ ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͰͽ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹-͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸Ά΀ ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸Ά΀
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳʹ ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸ΊΉ΄ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͰʹ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͬ ̺ ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͪ΀ ͳ ͻͪʹ͹͸ͪ΀ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ
ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪΉͽ ͹ͽͯͰͶͰ͸ͳʹͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹-͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸Ά΀͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳʹ̽Ͱʹͼͽͬ;Ͱͽ
;͸ͳ͵ͪͶ·͸ͪΊ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ – ̸ͼͼ͹΁ͳͪ΁ͳΊ ͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱ͸Ά΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹-͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸Ά΀ ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳʹ

͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ʹ ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ j̺ͷͰͼͽͰv ̽ͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽ· ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹-͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸Ά΀
͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳʹ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊͰͽͼΊͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ;Ή΄ͳͷ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͷ
- ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪͳ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ
- ͼ͹΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰͳͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳʹͳ͹ͫΆ΂ͪͰͬͼͬ͹Ͱͭ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
- Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ͵Έͽ͸͹͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸Άͷͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άͷ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳΊͷ
̺͸ͪͼͽ͹Ί΄ͰͰͬͻͰͷΊ͹ͯ͸͹ʹͳͲͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳʹͬͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ʹͺͻͪͲͯ͸ͳ΂͸͹ʹ͹ͫͻΊͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼͽͪͶͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͬ͹Ͳͬͻͪ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ά΀ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳʹ́Ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ά΀ͺͻͪͲ-
ͯ͸Ͱͼͽͬͬ͸ͪͳͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͰʹͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳ ͼ͹΀ͻͪ͸ͳͶͳͼ·ͬͰͼͰ͸͸ͳͰͺͻͪͲͯ͸ͳ͵ͳͺͰͻͬ͹ʹͫ͹ͻ͹ͲͯΆͳ͹͵͹͸΂ͪ͸ͳΊ
ͺͪ΀͹ͽΆ ͆ͪͻΊͯ; ͼ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳͷͳ ΊͲΆ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͷͳ ͺͻͪͲͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͳ ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ ͹ͽͷͰ΂ͪΉͽͼΊ ͺͻͪͲͯ͸ͳ͵ͳ
΀ͻͳͼͽͳͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͰ͈ͪͼ΀ͪ ͉͹ͱͯͰͼͽͬ͹ ͋ͻ͹ͳ΁ͪ͋ͪ͵ͱͰͬͼͰʹͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵͹ʹ͹ͽͷͰ΂ͪΉͽͼΊͽͪͽͪͻͼ͵ͳͰͷ;-
ͼ;Ͷ·ͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͰͺͻͪͲͯ͸ͳ͵ͳ͉ͪͷͪͯͪ͸ ͌ͻͪͲ̹ͪͪʹͻͪͷ
͍͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻ͸ΆͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͽͰͶ·͸ΆͰ ͳ ͸ͪ;΂͸ΆͰ Έ͵ͼͺͰͯͳ΁ͳͳ ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯΊͽ ͼͫ͹ͻ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͳ
Ϳ͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ ͷͪͽͰͻͳͪͶͪ ͬ ͻͪʹ͹͸ͪ΀ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ͊ͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͼͽͬ;Ήͽ ͷͪͼͼ͹ͬ͹ͷ; ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉ
Ϳ͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻͪ ͽͬ͹ͻ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰ ͵͹ͶͶͰ͵ͽͳͬΆ ̺ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͰͽ ̻͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άʹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άʹ
ͽͰͪͽͻ ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ʹ ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ;ͯͰͶΊΉ΄ͳʹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹Ͱ ͬ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳͰ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ͷ; Ϳ͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻ; ̀ͪ
ͺͻͰͯͰͶͪͷͳͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳͳͲͬͰͼͽͰ͸̻͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άʹ͹ͻͯͰ͸ͪ̽ͻ;ͱͫΆ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͼͪͷͫͶ·ͺͰͼ͸ͳͳ
ͽͪ͸΁ͪj́ͽͪͶͷͪͼv ͏ͬͰͽ͹͵
̺ͼͰͰͭ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹Ͱ͸͹͸ͪͿ͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻ͸͹ʹ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͌΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵ͳ
ͪ͸ͼͪͷͫͶΊͲͪͺͳͼΆͬͪΉͽ͸ͪͷͪͭ͸ͳͽ͹Ϳ͹͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ΆͰ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳͰͺͰͼ͸ͳ ͳͼͺ͹Ͷ͸ΊͰͷΆͰ ͺ͹ͱͳͶΆͷͳ
ͶΉͯ·ͷͳ ͽͰͷͳ ͵ͽ͹ Ͱ΄Ͱ ͺ͹ͷ͸ͳͽ ͼͽͪͻͳ͸͸;Ή ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ; ;ͯͷ;ͻͽ͹ͬ ͼ͹ͫͳͻͪΉͽ ͬ Ͱͯͳ͸Άʹ ͻͳͼ;͸͹͵
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ΆͰ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳͰͽͪ͸΁Ά͊ͻͰͯͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹ͶͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͹ͬ ͫͪͲͳͻ;Ή΄ͳ΀ͼΊ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ-
͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͷ ͽͬ͹ͻ΂ͰͼͽͬͰ ͼͶͰͯ;Ͱͽ ;ͺ͹ͷΊ͸;ͽ· ̻͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άʹ Ϳ͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻ͸Άʹ ͽͰͪͽͻ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ʹ
ͺͰͼ͸ͳj̸ʹ͵ͪʹv ͌ͯͳͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ
̸ͻͽͳͼͽΆͬΆͼͽ;ͺͪΉͽͬͺ͹ͯͶͳ͸͸Ά΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹ͼͽΉͷͪ΀
́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͸ ͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶͰ͸ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ j̹;ͻͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͫ;΃Ͱ͵v – Έͽ͹ ͷ;ͲΆ͵ͪͶ·͸Άʹ Ϳ͹Ͷ·͵-
Ͷ͹ͻ͸Άʹͪ͸ͼͪͷͫͶ· ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆʹͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͶͬͼͰͶͰ̹;ͻͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͭ͹ͯͪ ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ͸ͳͰͺ͹Ͷ;΂ͳͶ ͺ͹ͺͪͬ
͸ͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͼ ̾ͬͻ͹ͬͳͯͰ͸ͳΊ͆Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͽ͸Άʹͼ͹ͼͽͪͬ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ΁ ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳʹͬ͹Ͳͻͪͼͽ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀
ͶͰͽͳͳͼͺ͹Ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰͺͰͼͰ͸͸ͪ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ͷΊͲΆ͵Ͱ͸Ͱͺͻͳͬ͹ͯͳͶͳͳ΀͵ͳͲͬͰͼͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͶͰͽ
ͺ͹͵ͪ ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ΁Ά ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪͶͳ ͺͰͻͰͬ͹ͯͳͽ· ͸ͪ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳʹ ΊͲΆ͵ ͳ ͳͼͺ͹Ͷ͸Ίͽ· ͺͰͼ͸ͳ ͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀
jͲͬͰͲͯvͳͼͽͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͸ΆͰͺͰͼ͸ͳͽͳͺͪj1BSUZGPSFWFSZCPEZv̺ͭ͹ͯ;͈ͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ʹ
͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳͺͻͳͼͬ͹ͳͶͬͼͰͷ;ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬ;̹;ͻͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ͫͪͫ;΃Ͱ͵ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͸ΆͰͲͬͪ͸ͳΊj͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Άʹͪͻͽͳͼͽ
͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ʹ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳvͲͪͫ͹Ͷ·΃͹ʹͬ͵ͶͪͯͬͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰͳͼ͵;ͼͼͽͬͪͳͬΆͼ͹͵͹Ͱͳͼͺ͹Ͷ͸ͳͽͰͶ·ͼ͵͹Ͱ
ͷͪͼͽͰͻͼͽͬ͹͈ͰͻͰͺͶͰͽͰ͸ͳͰͷͪͼ͵ͪͻͪͯͪ Ͷͪͺͽͳ ͷ͹͸ͳͼͽ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ͪΊ͹ͯͰͱͯͪ ͺͶͪͽ͵ͳ
ͼͽͳͶͳͲͪ-
΁ͳͳ ͹ͫͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵ͪͺͰͼͰ͸͸ͪ;ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳʹͷͪ͸Ͱͻ
ͽͻͰͺͰͽ͸͹Ͱ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ͵ͻͰͶͳͭͳͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹ʹ͵ͪ΀ͻͪͷͪ
ͬ ͼͰͶͰ ̹;ͻͪ͸͹ͬ͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷ;΂Ͱ͸͸Άʹ ͭ͹͸͹ͻͪͻ
ͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ ͽ͹Ͷ·͵͹ ͬ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͸ΊͽͳΊ
ͼͰͻ·ͰͲ͸͹ͭ͹ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͵ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͰ ̺ ͯͪ͸͸͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪͰ ͷΆ ͬͳͯͳͷ ͺ͹ͺΆͽ͵; ͼ͹΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹-
͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͬ͹ͫͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͳͶΊͺ͹ͺ;ͶΊͻͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ
͈;ͽ· ͼ͹΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͯͷ;ͻͽ͹ͬ ͽͳͺͳ΂Ͱ͸ ͯͶΊ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·-
͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͪ ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ ̻͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸ͪΊ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ΀ͻͳͼͽͳͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͰ ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ
116
ΊͲΆ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͪ ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸ͪ΀͹ͯΊͽͼΊͬͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͼͽ͹Ί͸ͳͳͺͻͳ͸ΊͽͳͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼ
ͽͰʹ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͰʹ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ
̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵;ΉͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΉ͹ͽͳΉ͸Ίͭ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͲΆͬͪΉͽjͲ͹͸͹ʹͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬΆͼ΃Ͱͭ͹͹ͫ-
ͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊv ̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵ͪΊͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΊ
͖ͽ͹ͼ͹ͬͷͰͼͽ͸͹ͰͲͪΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻ͹ͬ͹ͫͻͪ-
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͼͽͪͶ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͳͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊͬͼͿͰͻͰͬΆͼ΃Ͱͭ͹͹ͫͻͪ-
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ̓ͪ͵ͷΆͬͳͯͳͷ ͺ͹ͳͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͳͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͶͰͽͬ͸ͰͯͻͰ͸ͳΊjͫ͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵͹ʹͼͳͼͽͰͷΆvͬ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ-
ͽͰͶ·͸͹Ͱ ͺ͹ͶͰ Έͽ͹ ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪͶ͹ ;͵ͻͰͺͶͰ͸ͳͰͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͳ ͸ͪ-
;΂͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶͪͼͽͻͪ͸Ά ͵ͪ͵ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻ͹ͬͪͶ͹ͼ·ͬͳͯͰͪͶͰ ͪͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͰͻͪͲͻ;΃ͳͶ͹
;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸͸;Ήͳͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸;ΉͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͬΆͼ΃Ͱͭ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ͊͹͵ͻͪ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰ͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ΂ͪͼ͹ͬ
ͶͰ͵΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀͵;ͻͼ͹ͬ ;ͬͰͶͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰ΂ͪͼ͹ͬͼͪͷ͹ͼͽ͹ΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ʹͻͪͫ͹ͽΆͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͬͳͯͰ͹ͶͰ͵΁ͳͳ ͼ͹͵-
ͻͪ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰ͵;ͻͼ͹ͬ͹ͫ΄Ͱͭ;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͺ͹ͬͶͰ͵Ͷ͹Ͳͪͼ͹ͫ͹ʹ;ͺͻ͹΄Ͱ͸ͳͰͳ;Ͳ͵;ΉͼͺͰ-
΁ͳͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΉͲ͸ͪ͸ͳʹͬΆͺ;ͼ͵͸ͳ͵͹ͬͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͹ͬͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽ͹ͬ
̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵ͪΊ ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΊ ͬ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͬΆͼ΃Ͱͭ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͽͻͪͿͪͻͰͽ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͶͪͯΆͬͪͰͷΆͷ ͸ͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͽͰͶ·͸ΆͰ ͵ͪͻͽΆ ͻͪͲ͸Ά΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ ́Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͶ·͸͹ Ͳͪͯ;-
ͷͪ͸͸Άʹ͵ͪ͵j͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊͳ ͹ͫ͹ͭͪ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼͽͬͪv ̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵ͪΊ
ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΊ
̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵ͳʹͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͬ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳͺͻͳͬͰͶ͵ͺͰͻͰ;ͼͽͻ͹ʹͼͽͬ;ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪΉ΄ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲ͹-
ͬͪͽͰͶ·͸Ά΀ ͼ΀Ͱͷ ͇ͫ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ Ͱͯͳ͸͹ʹ ̀͹͸Ά Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͬΆͼ΃Ͱͭ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰ-
ͬͪͶ͹ͷ͹ͫͳͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ·Ήͳ΀ͽͻ;ͯ͹;ͼͽͻ͹ʹͼͽͬͪͬͶΉͫ͹ʹͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
̺͸ͰͯͻͰ͸ͳͰ̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵͹ʹͼͳͼͽͰͷΆ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ͉ͬ͹ͼͼͳͳͼͽͪͶ͹ͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸Άͷ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͯͪͻΊͺͻͳ-
ͼ͹Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉͼͽͻͪ͸Ά͵ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ;;΂Ͱͫ͸͹ͷ;ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΉͬͭ͹ͯ;͆ͪ͊ͪͷͷͳͽͰͷͳ͸ͳͼͽ-
ͻ͹ͬ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͬ ̹ͰͻͶͳ͸Ͱ ͉͹ͼͼͳΊ ͺ͹͹ͫͰ΄ͪͶͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳͷ ͵͹ͶͶͰͭͪͷ ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͽ· ;ͼͳͶͳΊ ͸ͪ
ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ʹ;΂ͰͫΆ ͬͬ;Ͳͪ΀ͼ΁ͰͶ·Ήͺͻͳ͹ͫ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊ͵̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͷ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ;
͇ͫ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰjͬΆͼ΃ͰʹvͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳ͵ͳͺͻͰͯ;ͼͷͪͽͻͳͬͪͶ͹ͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵;͸͹ͬΆ΀ͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵͹ͫͻͪ-
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͼ͹ͬͷͰͼͽͳͷΆ΀ͼͺͻͳ͸ΊͽΆͷͳͬͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΀̽ͶΊ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶͰ͸ͳΊΈͽͳ΀Ͳͪͯ;ͷ͹͵ͫΆͶͪ
͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷͪ ͵ͪͻͯͳ͸ͪͶ·͸ͪΊ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΊ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ ͯ͹͵;-
ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ·͸͹ʹͳ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ʹͫͪͲ ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰͺͻͰͺ͹ͯͪͬͪͽͰͶ·ͼ͵͹ʹͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ
̽ͶΊͺͰͻͰ΀͹ͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͫ΄ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳͰͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͽΆͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͬͪͶ͹ͼ·
- ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸ͳͰͺͰͻͰ΂͸ΊͺͻͰͺ͹ͯͪͬͪͽͰͶ·ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷ
- ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹͻͪͷ͵ͳ
- ͺͻͳͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͰͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͳͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͬͼ͹͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬͳͰͼ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳ΀ͬ;Ͳ͹ͬ
- Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͽͰͶ·͸͹Ͱͬ͸ͰͯͻͰ͸ͳͰͯͬ;΀;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ͱͬ͹ʹͼͳͼͽͰͷΆ ͺͰͻͬͪΊͼͽ;ͺͰ͸·– ͫͪ͵ͪͶͪͬͻ ͬͽ͹ͻͪΊ
– ͷͪͭͳͼͽͻ

- ͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹Ͱ͸ͳͰ͹ͫ;΂ͪΉ΄ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͺ͹͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸͹-ͷ͹ͯ;Ͷ·͸͹ͷ;ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;
͆ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͳͳͻͪͫ͹ͽͪΉͽͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Ά΀ͳ΂ͪͼͽ͸Ά΀ͬΆͼ΃ͳ΀;΂Ͱͫ͸Ά΀ͲͪͬͰ-
ͯͰ͸ͳʹ ͳ ͿͳͶͳͪͶ͹ͬ ͼͻͰͯͳ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳʹ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άʹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽ ́ͱͰͬͼ͵ͳʹ
ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άʹ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ ͳͷͰ͸ͳ ̓ͪͶͪ΃͸ͳ͵͹ͬͪ ̻ͶͪͲ͹ͬͼ͵ͳʹ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άʹ
ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂͸͹-̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳʹ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͳͯͻ;ͭͳͰ
117
͇͸ͳ͹ͫ;΂ͪΉͽ͹͵͹Ͷ͹;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͺ͹ͯͪ͸͸Άͷ͹ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸͸͹ʹͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵ͳ ͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ-
͸ͳͰͬ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͳͳ

͋ͪ͵ ͸ͪ ͹ͽ͵ͻΆͽ͹ʹ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ jͅͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪΊ ͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·v ͼͪʹͽͪ ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻ-
ͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͪ ͷΆ ;ͬͳͯͳͷ ͸ͪͲͬͪ͸ͳͰ j͋ͻͳ ͵ͳͽͪ ̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪv ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͳʹ
ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άʹ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽ

- ͷ͹ͫͳͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·
- ͽͻ;ͯ͹;ͼͽͻ͹ʹͼͽͬ͹
- ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ·
͈ͰͻͰ΂ͳͼͶͰ͸Άͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽΆ̹͹Ͷ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪ
- ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸Ͱʹ *ͼͽͰͺͰ͸·— ͫͪ͵ͪͶͪͬͻ— 3–ͭ**ͼͽͰͺͰ͸·— ͷͪͭͳͼͽͻ— +1–ͭ
ͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͽ— ͭͬͼͰͭ͹— 3––ͶͰͽ

- ECTS – ͸ͪ͵͹ͺͳͽͰͶ·͸ͪΊͳͺͰͻͰͬ͹ͯ͸ͪΊͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͹ͬͲͪͼͰͷͰͼͽͻͳͲͪͭ͹ͯ
- Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵͹ͰͺͻͳͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͰ͵ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷ;
- Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͪΊͼͰͽ·ͪͭͰ͸ͽͼͽͬ͵ͪ΂ͰͼͽͬͪͬΆͼ΃Ͱͭ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ
- ͻͰ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͯͪ΁ͳͳͺ͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ͸ͳΉ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳʹ ͹ͽ͸͹ͼΊ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ͵ͬΆͼ΃Ͱͷ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΉ
- ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͿͳͶͳͪͶ ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ͹͸͸͹Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ Ϳͻͪ͸΂ͪʹͲͳ͸ͭ

͈͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͽͰͶ·͸ΆͰ͵ͪ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ͸͹ͬ͹ʹͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸͹ʹͼͳͼͽͰͷΆ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͺͰͻͰ΂ͳͼͶͰ͸Ά͇ͼͽͪͶ͹ͼ·
͹ͫ΅Ίͬͳͽ·;ͽͰͻΊ͸͸ΆͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͽͰͶ·͸ΆͰ͵ͪ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪͼͽͪͻ͹ʹͼͳͼͽͰͷΆͬΆͼ΃Ͱͭ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͺͻΊͷͪΊ
͵͹ͷͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΊjͺͻͰͺ͹ͯͪͬͪͽͰͶ·–ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽv ͪͬͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͰ͵;ͻͼΆ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃͹Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͶͰ͵΁ͳʹ ͯͪΉ-
΄ͰͰͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ·͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱͳͼ͹ͺΆͽ͸Άͷͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͼ͹ͻͪͷͳ ͼ͹͵ͻͪ-
΄Ͱ͸ͳͰ ;΂Ͱͫ͸Ά΀ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷ ͺ͹ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͭ;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Άͷ ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͷ ͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹ͿͳΊ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ
ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΊ ΈͼͽͰͽͳ͵ͪ Έͽͳ͵ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΊ ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ ͵ͻͪΊ
͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽΆ ͬ;Ͳ͹ͬ
ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͰͲ͸ͪΉͽͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΉͼͽͻͪ͸̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ʹ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΆ ΂Ͱͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΉͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻͪΊ ͪ͸ͭͶͳʹͼ͵ͳʹΊͲΆ͵
͸ͰͱͰͶͳΊͲΆ͵͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹ͭ͹ͺ͹Ͷ;΂ͪΉͽ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ
͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͳΊ— ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͫΆͽ͸͹ʹ͵;΀͸ͳ ͸͹ͺ͹ΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰͼͰͽͳͿͪͼͽͿ;ͯͪͼͽͪͶ͹͹ͱͳͯͪͰͷΆͷͳ
ͱͰͶͪ͸͸Άͷͼ͹ͫΆͽͳͰͷ̺͹ͽ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͽͼΊ͹ͽ͵ͻΆͽͳͰjͪͅ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶ·ͯͼͪvͬ́ͱͰͬͼ͵Ͱ͹ͽ ͯͰ͵ͪͫͻΊ
ͬ ͭͪͲͰͽͰ j́ͱͶͪʹͿv ͇ͽ͵ͻΆͽͳͰ ͪͅ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼͪ
j͈ͰͻͬΆͷͳ ͭ͹ͼͽΊͷͳ ͼͽͪͶͳ ͯͰͽͳ-ͼͳͻ͹ͽΆ
̓ͪͱͯΆʹͳͲ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͺͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͪͶ΂ͳͲͫ;ͻͭͰͻ ͼ͹͵ͳͼ΅ͰͶ͵;ͼ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͽ̺ͪΆ΃ͶͪͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΊͯͰͽͰʹͳͲ͵ͪͿͰ
ͼ͹΂Ͱ͸·ͼ΂ͪͼͽͶͳͬΆͷͳͶͳ΁ͪͷͳ ͼ͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ΂ͽ͹͹΂Ͱ͸·ͯ͹ͬ͹Ͷ·͸Άͳ͹ͫΊͲͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͺͻͳͯ;ͽͼΉͯͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ
͊͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ͵ͳ ͵ͪͿͰ ͺͻͳͬͰͽͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ ͬͶ͹ͷͳͬ΃;ΉͼΊ ͽ͹Ͷͺ; ͵ͻͳ͵ͪͷͳ j́ͱͰͬͼ͵
́ͱͰͬͼ͵v– ͅΆͺͻͳ΃ͶͳͼΉͯͪͼͻͪͲ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰ;ͻ͹͵͹ͬ ΂ͽ͹ͫΆ͹ͽͺͻͪͲͯ͸͹ͬͪͽ·͆͹ͬΆʹͭ͹ͯͅΆ͹΂Ͱ͸·
ͻͪͯΆ ΂ͽ͹ͬ́ͱͰͬͼ͵Ͱ͹ͽ͵ͻΆͶͼΊͪͅ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶ·ͯͼ – ͸ͪͺͰͻͰͫ͹ʹͻͪͼͼ͵ͪͲΆͬͪͶͳ΃Ͱͼͽͳ͵Ͷͪͼͼ͸ͳ͵ͳͳͲ-
ʹ΃͵͹ͶΆv
ͅΆͬͳͯͳͷͬ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͳΈͽ͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸;Ή͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ·͈ͰͻͬΆͷͳͺͻͳͭͶͪͼͳͶͳ
ͯͰͽͰʹͼͳͻ͹ͽ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͼͺͻ͹ͼͳͶͳ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸ͳ͵͹ͬ ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͳ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ͫ;ͯ;ͽͬͯͪͶ·͸Ͱʹ΃Ͱͷ͸ͰͻͪͲͺͻͳ-
ͬ͹ͯͳͽ·ͼͬ͹ͳ΀ͯͰͽͰʹͬͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ΆͫΆͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ
118
̺͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͳͳͫ͹Ͷ·΃͹ʹͺ͹ͺ;ͶΊͻ͸͹ͼͽ·Ήͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ;ΉͽͼΊͽͪ͵ͱͰͲͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊͫΆͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͵ͪ͵
j4VCXBZv j,'$v ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͸ ͼͶ͹ͭͪ͸ ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ʹ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳͳ ͺ͹ͶͰͲ͸͹ͭ͹ ͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ
j4VCXBZvj̾΃·ͼͬͰͱͰͰͯΆ΃ͳͼͬ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹v̺Έͽ͹ͷͶ͹Ͳ;͸ͭͰ͵͹ͷͷͰͻ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͳͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͰͺͰͻͰͺͶͰ-
ͽͪΉͽͼΊͬ͸͹ͬ͹ʹͽ͵ͪ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪͷΆͼͶͳͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ͪj͘͸Ͱͽ͹Ͷ·͵͹ͺ͹͵;ͺͪΉ͵ͪͻͽ͹ͿͰͶ·
Ϳͻͳ Ίͻ;ͫͶ·ͳͲ͹ͺͶͪ΂Ͱ͸͸͹ʹͼ;ͷͷΆ͹ͽͯͪΉͯͰͽΊͷͼͳͻ͹ͽͪͷv ͳͶͳj͘͸Ͱͽ͹Ͷ·͵͹ͰͷͼΈ͸ͯͬͳ΂ Ί
͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͸ΊΉͼ· ͼͬ͹ͫ͹ͯ͹ʹv ̺ Έͽ͹ͷ Ͱͼͽ· ͯ͹ͶΊ Ͷͳ΁ͰͷͰͻͳΊ ͳͶͳ ͼͳͷ;ͶΊ΁ͳͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷͪΊ ͯͶΊ ͺͻͳ-
͵ͻΆͽͳΊ΂ͳͼͽ͹ͻΆ͸͹΂͸Ά΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸Ά΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽΊͷͳͳͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸ΆͷͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳΊͷͳ
͇ͫͻͪͲͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͭ͹ͻ͹ͱͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͶͪͭͪͰͽ;ͬͶͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͿͳͽ͸Ͱͼ͹ͷ͊Ͱͽ·Ϳͳͽ͸Ͱͼ-͵Ͷ;ͫ͹ͬ
ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͶͪͼ·ͺ͹ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ͉͹ͼͼͳͳͼ-΀ͭ͹ͯ͹͎ͬ͹ͯͳͽ·ͬͿͳͽ͸Ͱͼ-΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͺ͹ͼͶͰͻͪͫ͹ͽΆ
ͬ͹ͬͻͰͷΊ͹ͫͰͯͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͺͰͻͰͻΆͬͪͼͽͪͶ͹΂ͪͼͽ·ΉͳͷͳͯͱͪͲͪ͸Ίͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͊ͺ͹ͻͽͳͬ͸Άʹ
ͲͪͶ ͽͻͰ͸ͪͱͰͻΆ ͫͪͼͼͰʹ͸ ͪΈͻ͹ͫͳ͵ͪ ͽͪ͸΁ͰͬͪͶ·͸ΆͰͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷΆ ͬͰͶ͹ͽͻͰ͸ͪͱͰͻΆ ͺͪͷͺͳ͸ͭ ʹ͹ͭͪ
̓ͻ;ͽͳͽ· ͺͰͯͪͶͳͬͰͶ͹ͽͻͰ͸ͪͱͰͻ͹ͬͬͲͪͶͰͼͬͳͯ͹ͷ͸ͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ; ͼͽͪͶ͹ͺͻͰͯͺ͹΂ͽͳͽͰͶ·͸ͰͰ ΂Ͱͷ͵ͪ-
ͽͪͽ·ͼΊ͸ͪͬͰͶ͹ͼͳͺͰͯͰ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ʹͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ̺͹Ͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͰͽͳͶͶΉͲͳΊͲͯ͹ͻ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹͹ͫͻͪͲͪͱͳͲ͸ͳͳͱͳͲ͸ͳ
ͬ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱ͈͹ͼͶͰ-΂ͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͻͪͫ͹΂Ͱͭ͹ͯ͸Ίͬ͹ͿͳͼͰ΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͬͪͺ͹ͺͪͯͪͰͽͬͯ;΃͸͹Ͱͺ͹ͷͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰͳ
Ͱ΄Ͱ΂ͪͼͪͽͻͳͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͽͪͷ͋ͪ͵͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ΆͷͳͶͶͳ͹͸ΆͶΉͯͰʹ͈͹ͼͶͰͼͺ͹ͻͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͲͪͶͪ͹͸ͳ
ͼͪͯΊͽͼΊͬͷͪ΃ͳ͸Άͳͯ͹ͫͳͻͪΉͽͼΊͯ͹ͯ͹ͷͪͰ΄Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹΂ͪͼͪ ͬͼͰͬͻͰͷΊ͸ͪ΀͹ͯΊͼ·ͬͼ͹ͼͽ͹Ί͸ͳͳͳͲ͹-
ͶΊ΁ͳͳ͹ͽͬ͸Ͱ΃͸Ͱͭ͹ͷͳͻ͖ͪͽ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͪͶ·͸ͪΊ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͸͹͵ͪ͵ͻͪͲͬ͹ͯͳͽͺ͹͸ΊͽͳΊjͷ͹͸-
ͯͳͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹vͳj;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹v̿ͪ͸̹͹ͯͻͳʹΊͻ
j͌͸ͳͬͰͻͼͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͰͽͺͻͪͬͪ΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼͬ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ; ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΉͅ͹͸ͯͳ-
ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ ͬ ͼͬ͹Ή ͹΂ͰͻͰͯ· ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͰͽ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵; ͻΆ͸͹͵ ͽ;ͻͳͲͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΉv Bodrijar,
2007, str. 60). ͆ͪͺͻͪ΃ͳͬͪͰͽͼΊͼͻͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰͼj̀ͪ͵ͪͽ͹ͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΆv͇ͼͬͪͶ·ͯͪ͑ͺͰ͸ͭͶͰͻͪͳͻͪͲͯͰͶͰ-
͸ͳͰͷͺ͹͸Ίͽͳʹ͸ͪj΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΉvͳj͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ;vͅ͹͸ͯͳͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΉ̹͹ͯͻͳʹΊͻ͸ͪͲΆͬͪͰͽjͽͻͳ;ͷ-
Ϳ͹ͷ Ͱͯͳ͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳΊv ̹͹ͯͻͳʹΊͻ ͼ
ͳ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰͷ jͼ͹ͬͰͻ΃Ͱ͸͸͹ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͯ;΃͸͹ʹ
͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆv ̹͹ͯͻͳʹΊͻ ͼ
͊ͳͼ΂ͰͲ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳͰͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲ͹ʹͯͰͽ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ
ͬͼͰͼͳͶ·͸͹ʹ ͷ͹͸ͯͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͽͰ΀͸͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻΆ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͼͪͶ·͸͹Ͱ – Έͽ͹ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳͳ
ͼ;ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͪ ͳ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ ͻͰͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͳ ͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹ ̽ͶΊ ͷ͹͸ͯͳͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͰ͸ ͬͳͻͽ;-
ͪͶ·͸Άʹ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ Έ͵ͻͪ͸ͪ ͳ ΁ͳͿͻ͹ͬ͹ʹ ͼͰͽͳ ͫͰͲ ͹ͫ΅Ͱͷͪ ͅ͹͸ͯͳͪͶ·͸͹Ͱ ͸ͪͼͳͶ·ͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ ͺ͹ ͼͬ͹Ͱʹ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ͖ͽ͹͸ͪͼͳͶͳͰͿͳͲͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ·͸͹Ͱ͇͸͹͸͹ͼͳͽjͬͳͻ;ͼ͸Άʹv΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ jͺͰͻͰ-
ͯͪͰͽͼΊ΂ͰͻͰͲͲͪͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͰ ͼ͸ͳͱͪΊͳͷͷ;͸ͳͽͰͽͳͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ·ͼ͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͶΊͽ·ͼΊv ̹͹ͯͻͳʹΊͻ ͼ

̺ͺͰͻͰ΂ͳͼͶͰ͸͸Ά΀΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ΀͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪ ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊͼͳͼͽͰͷΆ
ͿͪͼͽͿ;ͯͪͷΆͷ͹ͱͰͷͬͳͯͰͽ·Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹-Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳʹͳͯͪͱͰͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳʹ͹ͫͻͪͲͱͳͲ͸ͳ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆʹ
ͬͱͳͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͬ Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵;Ή ͳ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸;Ή ͼͻͰͯ; ͵͹ͻͰ͸͸Ά΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͬ ͈ͻΊͷ͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱʹ͸Άʹ ͬͰͻͯͳ͵ͽ
ͬΆ͸͹ͼͳͽ ͬ ͼͬ͹Ͱʹ ͻͪͫ͹ͽͰ j̽;΀ ͽͰͻͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪv ̿ ̹͹ͯͻͳʹΊͻ ͻͪͼ͵ͻΆͬͪΊ ͼ;ͽ· jͷͳͼͼͳͳ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪv
jͬͼͰͷͳͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͷͳͺ͹ͯͬͰͻͭ͸;ͽ·ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͻͪͲ͸Ά΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼ;ͻ͹ͬ͹ͷ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸;Έ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ-
͸͹ͼͽͳv ̹͹ͯͻͳʹΊͻ ͼ
͋͹ ΂ͽ͹͸ͰΈ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ ͸Ͱͺ͹͸Ίͽ͸͹ ͺ͹Έͽ͹ͷ;ͯ͹Ͷͱ͸͹ͫΆͽ·ͳͲ͹
Ͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͳͶͳͻͪͲͫͳͽ͹͸ͪ΂ͪͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͭͶ͹΄Ͱ͸͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸͹ʹͼͳͼͽͰͷ͹ʹ
119
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
ɄɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɗɁȺɉɊɂɇɌ

ȻɨɥɨɧɫɤɚɹɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹɋɚɣɬɍɞɦɭɪɬɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://v4.udsu.ru/inter/bolonskiy_process_ums1
ȻɨɥɨɧɫɤɚɹɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹɈɧɥɚɣɧɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://www.msmsu.ru/userdata/manual/images/fac/ped_obr/Bolonskaja_deklaracija.pdf
ɆɚɤɞɨɧɚɥɞɫɜɂɠɟɜɫɤɟɨɬɤɪɵɥɫɹɞɟɤɚɛɪɹȼɂɠɥɚɣɮɨɧɥɚɣɧɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://izhlife.ru/events/29244-makdonalds-v-izhevske-otkrylsya.html
ɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɍɞɦɭɪɬɢɢȼɢɤɢɩɟɞɢɹ ɨɧɥɚɣɧɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
KWWSVUXZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNLɇɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟBɍɞɦɭɪɬɢɢ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɍɞɦɭɪɬɢɢȼɢɤɢɩɟɞɢɹ ɨɧɥɚɣɧɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
KWWSVUXZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNLɍɞɦɭɪɬɢɹ
Bodrijar, Z. (2007). Duh terorizma. Beograd: Arhipelag.
ɌɢɲɤɨɜȼȺɊɟɤɜɢɟɦɩɨɷɬɧɨɫɭɆɨɫɤɜɚɇɚɭɤɚ
ɏɚɧɬɢɧɝɬɨɧɋɎɋɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɣɆɨɫɤɜɚȺɋɌ
̸̸̹͇͉͉̹͉́͊͋́͆
̸̸̸̸̸͇̹͉̓͊͆͋́͆
͈͉͇͏̸̸̻͇̹̾͊́̈́̈́́̀͏̸́̾́͆͠͏̸͇́͆̈́͆́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋
̸͈͉͉͉͉͈̹͆́̾͌͌̽͌͋͊̓̾̾͌̈́́̓̾ͅͅ
͉̾̀́̾ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΁ͳͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͸ͳͬͰͶͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽ͇ͬͪͬͪΒͻͪͯͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͰ͸Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͻ;ͼ͵Ͱ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͯ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷΔͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͼ΀ͻͪ͸ͰͳͶͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Εͳ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹-Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ̹͹Ͷ͹Δͼ͵ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
͹ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͬͪΔͰtͫͻͲͰ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱi;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͳͳͼ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻͪͳͶͳͳͷͳΘ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͭ
΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͲͪͯͪΒ; ͸͹ͬͰ ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪͽͰ ͱͳͽͰΓͳͷͪ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪͽͰ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ́ͺͪ͵ ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ͉͍;΂ͳ͸ͳ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹
͸ͪͳͲ͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔ;mPEVTͪWJWFOEJ ͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͽͰͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͰͺͻͰͷͪͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ Ϳ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ ͌ͯͷ;ͻͽͼ͵ͪ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ
120
316.644-
316.644-
̸̸̸̺̺̽͆́̾̈́͆͊́̈́́̾́ͣ͠͠1
̸̸͇̺̽͆́̾̈́͊͌̽̀́̈́͊̓́͠ͅ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬ΁; ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;͌ͱͳ΁;
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸́́͆͠͏̸͇́͆̈́͆́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋
– ͈͉̾͏͈̾͏̸̸͎́̈́̽́͠ͅ2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͆ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ; ͳͲͭͻͪΌ;Β; ͼͰ ͳ ͷͰΔͪΒ; ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͷ͹ͳ΀͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺ
͸Ͱ ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͺ͹ͽͻͪͭͰͲͪ͸͹ͬͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͳͷ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ͌ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳ΃;ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;ͷͶͪ
ͯͰΓ;ͯͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͻͪͯͪͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͊ͷͪͽͻͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͽͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͶͳͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸ͰͳͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͶͰͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱ;ͯ͹ͫͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̽ͻ;
ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀
ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ;Ͳͻͪͼ͸Ͱͯ͹ͫͳ͏ͳΓͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪΒͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͳͷ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͯͪ΁ͳ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͳͼͺͳ
ͽͪͽͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ; ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͷͶͪͯͳ΀͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹
͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͈ͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͷͼ͵ͪͶ͹ͷ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͼ;ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ
͸ͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪͳͲ͌ͱͳ΁ͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ
̸̸̸̸̸̺͇͉͉͌̽͆̀͋͢ͅ
̓ͻͪΒ99ͬͰ͵ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;͵ͻ;ͺ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͪ;
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͋ͪΒͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͺ͹ͯ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͷͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͳͺͻͪ
ͬ;Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒ;ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ
̀ͪ΀ͬͪ
Γ;Β;Εͳ ͫͻͲ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͽͰͷͰΓͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ
1
d.vasilijevic@sbb.rs
2
͉ͪͯΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪt͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪͳ;΂ͰΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͳͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰi ͫͻ͹Β ͵͹Βͳ
ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
121
;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͋͹ ΒͰ ͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒͪ͸ ͬͳ΃ͰͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ ͼ
ͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͳ ͼͬͰ ͬͰΕ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹΃Ε; ͳ ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͳͼͽ͹). ͈͹ͻͰͯͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͹ͫͻͪ
Ͳ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͼͿͰͻͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹
͈ͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;Εͳ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ;ͬͰͲͳͼ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ ͼ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͷ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͳͷͪ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͊;͵͹ͫ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷͳ΀ ͳͲ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸͹Β
ͽͰͱΔͳͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͪͷ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹΃Ε; $BSOPZ

͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰΓ;ͯͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ͸͹ͻͷͳͳ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͉ͪͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͹ͬͪͯͬͪͺ͹Βͷͪ
͇̓͆͏̸̸̸̸̸̸͈͇͇̺͉̺̾͋͌̈́͆͊͆́͊͋̿́͢
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ́ͪ͵͹ͼͰͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ;97***ͬͰ͵; ͪͺͻͬͪͽͰͻ
ͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ;9*9ͬͰ͵; ̹͹Β͹ͬͳΕ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹
ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͪͶͳͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͼͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ
ΒͰ
͊΀͹ͯ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰ ̓͹ͻ;ͫͳ͸ ͼͽͻ
Ͳͪͺͪͱͪ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͷ͹ͯͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽ͇ͬͪͽ;ͯͪͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹Βͷͪ͋;ͻͰ͵ 5VSFL
ͺ͹ͯ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Βͳ ͽͰͱͳ ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼͬͰͽͪ ͺ͹ΒͪͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͳͶͪͲͳͳͲͻͰ΂ͳtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶi ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͼͽ
͉ͪ͹ͯͳ͸ 3PEJO

ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͬͰͲ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͷͳ͵ͻ͹ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵;ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ;͎ͰͶͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͬͳͯͳ
͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͳͶͳ͸ͳͲͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
͵͹Βͳ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ
͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͳ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸; Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ ͯ͹ͷͰͽ͹ͷ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷ ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ –
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͽͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪͳͷͻͰͱͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ )FME
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
;͹΂ͪͬͪ
ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ΂ͳͷͰͼͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳ΀Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ͽͰͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸;
́͠ͰͶͰ͸ͪ̈́͹͸΂ͪͻ
͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͲͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ;;ͼͶ͹
ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪͯͪtͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰiͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͬͳͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ͯͪΓͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;ΒͰͼͶ͹
ͫ͹ͯ͸͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͻ͹ͫͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳΓ;ͯͳ͇ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͳͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ;ͶͪͲͪ͵͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ
͆Ͱ͵ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͼ;ͷͳ΂͸;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸ͰͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͺͪͯ
͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯ͹ͭͻͪͯΔͰ͠Ͱͯ͸ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪͳ͸ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ; ͭͯͰͼͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ ͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ ;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷ͸͹ͭ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͯ͹͵ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͯͰͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
122
̸̺̺͊́̈́́̾́ͣ͠ ͇̺̻͊͌̽̀́̈́͊̓́Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ– ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀
ͺ͹ͶͪͲͰ͹ͯ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͻͷͳ͌ͲͰͬ΃ͳ;͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͫͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Βͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͪ ͬͳ΃ͰͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ
̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ; ΁ͳΓ; ͳͲ͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͪ ͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ 3JU[FS ;FZOFQ
΃ͽ͹͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͳ
ͯ͹ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ
͆ͪ΁ͳΒ͇ͪͬͪΒͺ͹ΒͪͷͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͰͲͪͶͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵;ͻͰ΂natio ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͷͰͼͽ͹ͻ͹ΌͰΔͪ̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ
Ͱͬ͹Ͷ;ͳͻͪΔ;ͺ͹Βͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰͼͬͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪ͹ͬ͹ͭ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪͷ͹ͭ;͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ;ͯͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰ

͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;ͼͺͳͻͳͽ;ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;ͳ
͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ; ͋ͻͪͷ͹
΃Γͪ͸ͳ͸ ͼͽͻ

́ͯͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;͵͹͸͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰ͎ͰͭͰͶ ͇ͽ͹̹ͪ;Ͱͻ ̓ͪͻͶ͉Ͱ͸Ͱͻ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ΕͳΒͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰ
ͼͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷt͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͯ;΀ͪi͹ͺͻͰͯͷͰΕͰ͸͹Β;ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͇ͽ͹̹ͪ;Ͱͻͳ̓ͪͻͶ͉Ͱ͸Ͱͻ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;͵ͪ͹
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒ; ͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͲͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵;ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;
͌ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
;͹΂ͪͬͪͯͪͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽi͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ ͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͬͳΌͰΔͰͳͷͪͳ́ͬͪ͸͑ͳΒͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

t͌͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͳͺ͹ͯΒͰͶͰ ͻͪͯͪ ͻ͹ͫ͸͹-͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ
͵ͪ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ
͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪ;ͼͰͫͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ΃Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͲͪ;Ͳͳͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ
͸;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;i
̹͹ͻ͹͋ͻͪͷ͹΃Γͪ͸ͳ͸ ͼͽͻ
ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪ͹ͯͶͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
t͆ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬͳͽ͵ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͇͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͽͳͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͫ;ͯ;
ΕͳͯͪͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
͈ͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͪͯͳ
΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͼΒͰΕͪΔͳͷͪͳͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳͷͬͰͲͪͷͪͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
͆ͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼΒͰͯ;ΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͭͯΒͰͼͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ
͇͸ͪͼͬ͹ΒͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰͷͪ͸ͳͻͪͺ;ͽͰͷͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
͆ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͪ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳͶͳ ͼͺͳͻͳͽ;ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Β ͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ΂͵͹Β ͼͳ͸ͽͰͲͳ ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ ͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ ͹͸ͪΒ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ
;ͽͳ΁ͪ͹͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͆ͪ΁ͳΒͳΒͰͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͪͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰ;ͬͻͳΒͰͷͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹
ͫͪ͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͯͳΒͪͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͸͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͼ;ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳͯͪͼͬ͹ΒͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͺ͹ͯͻͰͯͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
123
͇͸ͪΒͰͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͪ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͼͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹͵͹΀ͰͲͳͬ͸͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͯͪ;͸ͳͽͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͬͳΒͰͽͪ
ͳͲͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹Ε͸ͰͼͳͶͰͼͬͳΒͰͽͪ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;ͼ̸ͪͷͰͻͳ͵͹ͷ
͸ͰΕͰͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰΔͰ͸ͯͳͭ͸ͳͽͰͽͳ
͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵i
́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ̾ͽͳͷ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͻͰ΂ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͰͲͪͶͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ΒͪͷJEFOUJDVT,

΃ͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽͪ͸ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼ; ͼͰ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͹ͺͼͰͭ ͳ ͯ͹ͼͰͭ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹Βͷͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹
ͷͰΔͪͶͳ̀ͫ͹ͭ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͼͽͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰͺ͹Βͪͷ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ
΂ͪ͸ ΒͰͻͳͷͪͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ, ͯ͹͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͭͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ

͌͸ͪ;΁ͳͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪ
Ͷͪ΁͹ͼͰΕͪΒͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪͳͶͳͭͻ;ͺͰ͹ͼͰͫͳͼͪͷ͹ͷt́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͼͶͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͰͫͼͽͬͪ
͵͹ΒͰ͹ͼͰͫͳͯͻͱͳͳ͸ͪͼͰͫͰͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β; ͳ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͷͰΔͪΒ;
͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼͪͬͪͱ͸ͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪi -JFCLJOE ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͼͽͰͶͼͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽtͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͼͷͳͼͶͪ͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͪͳͶͳͼͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͳͲͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀
ͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͯͪͽͪͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͷͳͼͶͪ̀ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹ΒͰ
ͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭͳͶͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪͽͳͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪi $BTUFMMT ͼͽͻ

t́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͼ;ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪͼͰͫͼͽͬͪ͹͸ͳͼ;ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͷ͹ͳ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͱͰͶͰͶͳ
ͫͳͽͳi )VOUJHUPO ͼͽͻ
͎ͪ͸ͽͳͭͽ͹͸ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͪ
ͺͻͳͺͳͼͳͬͳ ͺ͹Ͷ ͻ͹ͯ ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ ͻͪͼͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ

ͫ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͬͰͻͪ ͺͶͰͷͰ ͵Ͷͪ͸ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ

ͬ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͪ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͪ ͼͰͶ͹ ͭͻͪͯ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵͹͸ͽͳ
͸Ͱ͸ͽ

ͭ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ

ͯ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷͪΔͰ ͲͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ

Ό
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ΀͹ͫͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͵Ͷ;ͫ ͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳ ͵͹ͶͰͭͰ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ

́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃;͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͪ Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͫ;ͯͪͳ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ͊ͷͳͼͪ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Γͳͬͪ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪͽͳ
ͼͳ͸΀ͻ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͳͶͳͺͪ͵ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪͽͳ
ͪͅ͸;ͰͶ̓ͪͼͽͰͶͼ $BTUFMMT ͼͽͻ
;͹΂ͪͬͪͽͻͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͪ
ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪΒ;ͭͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ

ͫ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ͳͲͭͻͪΌ;Β;ͭͪ͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ;

ͬ
ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͸͹ͬͳ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͵͹ΒͳͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;;΁ͳΓ;ͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ΂ͳͽͪͬͰͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ

124
́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͼͰ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕ;ΒͰ ͼ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ
͸ͪͼͳͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͪͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΒͰͻ
ͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͪ;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲ;Β; ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳͶͳ ͳ΀ ͯͰͽͰͻ
ͷͳ͸ͳ΃;;ͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;͇ͫͰͲͬͻͰΌ;Β;ͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͪͻͪ΂;͸ ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͐Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳ
ΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳ
ΒͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͪͿͳͻͷͳ΃; ͼͰ ͸͹ͬͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ ͸ͪ ͽͰͷͰΓ; ͻͰ͵͹͸ͼ
ͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰͳͻͪͲ͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͸Ͱͫͳ
ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͫͰͲ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͳͻͪͼͽͪ͵ͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ
͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ,FMMOFS ͼͽͻ
̓ͰͶ͸Ͱͻͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͲ;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ
͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰΒͪͬΓͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͺ͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ

͉Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰ͸͹ͬͳ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵͹Βͼͳ͸ͽͰͲͳ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͷͰͻͪ͸ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬͪ͸
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ
Ͷͳ΂͸Ͱ ͳ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ ͇ͬͳͷ ͼͰ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ ͸͹ͬͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ;ͼ͵ͶͪΌͳͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ ;͸ͳΒͪͷͪͳͼͶ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽ
ͼ͵ͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ ͸Ͱ
;ͼ͵ͶͪΌͳͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΂Ͱ΃Εͳ ͼ; ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β
ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͼͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͰͽ;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Εͳ͸͹ͬ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵;
ͽͰ͵͹ͬͳ͸; ͪͶͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͳ ͺͻ;ͱͪΒ; ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ ͹ͯ ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ;
͸ͪͷͰͻͳͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽ 7VLPWJDſBMBTBO

̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪt͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͻͪΔͰi;ͷͪ ͺ͹͵͹ͷͰͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;ͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ΀͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ
͸ͳͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ ͬͰͻ; ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽ;ͻ;ͳ͸ͪ;͵;̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ
ͭͻ;ͺͪ Γ;ͯͳ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪ ͼͬͰͽ ͋͹ ΒͰ ͼ͵;ͺ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͸͹ͻͷͳ ;
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͳͶͳͶ͹΃Ͱ ͶͰͺ͹ͳͶͳͻ;ͱ͸͹ ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͶͳͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ
͸͹ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ (FFSU
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͰ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͳ͸͹ͻͷͰ͵͹ΒͳͯͻͱͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;͸ͪ͹͵;ͺ; ,Jl-
NBOOFUBM
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͼͰͷͰΔͪͬͻͶ͹ͼͺ͹ͻ͹ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͳͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͼ;;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͬͰͼͽͳͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔ;Γ;ͯͳ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͭͶͪͬ͸ͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͪͷ͹Εͳ ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ͸ͯͳ
ͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͪͷ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͷ;΃͵͹ͼͽͱͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͼͽ (FFSU
͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰ ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͵ͪ͹ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͹͵ͬͳͻ Ͳͪ ͷͰΌ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔͪ Ͳͪ ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸ͪͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ

̸̸̸̸͇͇͇͈͉̺̾͋̽̈́͑̓́͊̾̓͋́͊͋̿́͢ͅ
͈ͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;͌;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͶͪͯͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱͪ͸͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽ
ͼ͵ͳ ͽͪ͵͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪΒ;ͷͰͽͪͷ͹ͻͿ͹Ͳ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀Ͷͳ΂
͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ *MJØJO *MJØJO J TBS ͅͳ΀ͪΒͶ͹ͬͳΕ 3PCFSUT
͋͹ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͳͼͪͻ 6MFFUBM
̸͵͹ͼͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯ͹ͯͪΒ;ͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͰͳͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹
͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ; ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷ͹ͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͹͸ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͪ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͵ͪ͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸ͪͽͰͷͪ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͲ ;ͭͶͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ; ͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͽͻͪͱͰΔͰͳͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
&SJLTPO ͼͽͻ
t̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀;͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͲͪͯͪΓͰ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱͳͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪi &YFMFS ͼͽͻ
͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱͳ΀ ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͪͶͳ
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳͬͰΕ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̓͹ΒͳΕͰ͹ͯΔͳ΀ͺͻͰͬͪͭ͸;ͽͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯ;ͼͺͰ΃
͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͪͳͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ;͹ͬ͹Βͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹Βͯ͹ͫͳ )SOKJDB ͼͽͻ

͌;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪͯͪͼͰ͵͹ͯͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ͯͬ͹͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͲͯͻ;ͱͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͈ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀;ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ
͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹;͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ "SOFUU #FSSZ
4FHBMMFUBM
͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯ͸ͪͶͪͲͪ͹ͬͳ΀ ͪͶͳͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ,BMBOK ,BUVOBSJǀ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ
͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̻ͻ;ͺͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷͯͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͷ͹
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸΁Ͱ
ͺͪͽͪ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͰͲͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲ͸ͰͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͪ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ;
͹ͽ͹ͷͰ
ͯͪͶͳ ͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸ͰͳͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͶͰͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱ;ͯ͹ͫͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ΒͰͳ΁ͳΓͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͼͽͪͽͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ
ͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͳͷ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͶͳͼͷ͹Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵ͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ
͸ͪͽͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
;ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ;
ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͌ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ΒͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪͳͲ͌ͱͳ΁ͪ
͈ͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͷͼ͵ͪͶ͹ͷͼ;ͯ͹ͬͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͼ;ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͷͰͻ ͯͬͪ ͬͪͻͳΒͪͽͰͽͪ ;΂ͳͽͰΓ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͬͪͻͳΒͪͽͰͽͪͺͻͬͪ ͯͻ;ͭͪ ͽͻͰΕͪͳ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
ͳͺ͹Ͷͼͽ;ͯͰ
͸ͪͽͪ
126
̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ͈͊͊ͼ͹ͿͽͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͺͪ͵Ͱͽͪ ͪͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
͸͹ͼͽΒͰͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͳͲͻͪ΂;͸ͪͬͪΔͰͷ͎ͳ-͵ͬͪͯͻͪͽͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹; ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̸͉͈͉́͆͋̾̾͋͏̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͉̺́̾̀͌̈́͋͋́͊͋̿́͢͠
͆ͪ΃ͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͶ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͬͰΕͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͿ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ͈ͪͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͯͰ͹͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰͳ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸;ͽͻͳͺͻͪͬ΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
ͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ–ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͈ͻͬͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪΒ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ̹ͳͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͺ͹Βͪͷ
ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͼ͸ͪͱͰΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹
ͻͰ͸Ͱ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹Βͪͷ
ͼͯͻ;ͭͰ̀ͪ͸ͳͷͪͶ͹͸ͪͼΒͰͯͪͶͳͷͶͪͯͳΓ;ͯͳ ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ
;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ͳ ͬͳͯͰ͹ͬͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ;ͼͪͯͰΒͼͽͬ; ͳͶͳͺͪ͵;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ;ͯͳͼ΀ͪͻͷ͹͸ͳΒ;
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ– ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͈͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ ͼͰͯͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪͶ͹ͳͲ͸ͪͯͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͶͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹

ͺͻ͹΁ͰΔ;Β;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ́ͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͼͽͪͬͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪͼͬͰͭͪ
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͼ; ͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ ͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳ ; ͯͬͰ
ͭͻ;ͺͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͶ;΂͸ͳ
ͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ

͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪͶ͹͸ͪͼΒͰͯͪͶͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ– ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͷͰͻ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ– ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͯͰͶͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
127
͈ͻͰͭͶͰͯͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͷͰͻͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪͼͽͪͽͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ; ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ Βͪ΂ͪΔͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͼͽ;ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ ͎ EG Q ).
͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ʗ2 EG Q
ͳͺ͹Ͷ ʗ2 EG Q
0,098
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸ͳͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;;ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ– ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ

͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͆Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ
͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ f f f
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳ
% % %
79 78 173
;΂ͳͽͰΓ ʗ2
23,94 23,64
͊ͷͰͻ EG
23 61
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ Q
22,94 21,10
29 28 69
ͺͻͬͪ
23,02 22,22
30 36
ͯͻ;ͭͪ ʗ2

̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼ;ͯͳΒͪ EG
29 26 66
ͽͻͰΕͪ p
23,97 21,49
16 11 43
΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͪ
22,86 61,43
93 96 223
ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ
23,30
͈͹Ͷ ʗ
11 11
ͷ;΃͵ͳ EG
40,74 40,74
Q
104 101 234
͌͵;ͺ͸͹
23,69 23,01
͆ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ ͽͬͻͯΔͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͺͻͰ͹ͬͶͪΌ;ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͳͼ͸ͪͱͰΔͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹ͯͪͼ;
͹ͬͰ ͽͬͻͯΔͰ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Β ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵ͪ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪ͸ͳͷ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;͹ͫͲͳͻͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼ
ͽͬͰ͸ ͪ͸ͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;͋͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ̹͹Β͹ͬͳΕ ͊;ͯ
ͲͳͶ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ
͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͼͽͪͬ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽͪͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͰͬͪͺ͹ͯͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͶͳΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͶͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹
͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰ
128
ͫ
͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
͊;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͲͪͯͪͽ͵ͪ ͭͯͰͼͰ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͰͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪͳͼ͸ͪͱͰΔͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͯͰͶͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;
ͯͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ;͹΂ͪͬͪ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰ Ͳͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;͊;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͲͪ;Ͳͳͷͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͲ͸ͪͯΒͰͯ͸Ͱ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͶͳ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
Β;Εͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͽͻͪͱͰΔͰͳͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;;ͼͶ͹
ͬͳͷͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͹ͽͰͱͪ͸ͳ ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰΌ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼ; ͳ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͶͪͯͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹͹ͫͰͲͬͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͭͯͰͶͪͳͼͺͳ
ͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸
̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͬͰͲ;ͼͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ "SOFUU #FSSZ 4FHBMMFUBM

̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ͸;ͯͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸;ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͬͪͱ

͸;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ
ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;ͼͰ;͸͹ͬͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷ̺ͪͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ΒͰͽ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ
͵͹͸Ϳ;Ͳ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;͋Ͱ΃͵͹ΒͰ͹ͯͪͫͻͪͽͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ
͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͈ͳͽͪΔͰΒͰ;ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͽͰͱͰ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ
͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͳͲͻͪͽ͹ͷͲͪ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ
129
͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͪͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͪ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ ͸ͳΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ͸ͪͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͽ;ͯͰ
͸ͪͽͪ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͎
EG Q

͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰͼͽ;ͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͷͰͻ ʗ2 EG Q
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷ ʗ2
EG Q
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸ͳͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;;ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ.
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ–
ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ
͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͆Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ f f f
% % %
37
;΂ͳͽͰΓ ʗ2
23,94 23,64
͊ͷͰͻ EG
23 61
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ Q
22,94 21,10
37
ͺͻͬͪ
29,36 27,77 42,86
31 41
ͯͻ;ͭͪ ʗ2
33,61 40,98
40 27
ͽͻͰΕͪ Q
33,06 22,31 44,63
21 34
΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͪ
30 21,43
120 112 180
ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ
29,13 27,18 43,69 ʗ2
͈͹Ͷ
9 6 12 EG
ͷ;΃͵ͳ
33,33 22,22 44,44 Q
129 118 192
͌͵;ͺ͸͹
29,39 26,88 43,73
ͬ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͪͶͳͳͶͳ΂͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳtͯͰͷ͹ͼͪi̓ͪ͵͹ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͳͯͰ
ͼͺ͹Β ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸͹ΒͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪΔͪ
̻ͶͰͯͪ͸͹;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ͼͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷ;Ͳͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͼͶͪͱͰ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͳͲ͸ͪͯ ͯͬͰ ͺͰͽͳ͸Ͱ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̹ͶͳͲ; ͯͬͰ ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸Ͱ
130
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͰͷͪͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͺ͹͹ͬ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;
ͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪͺͰͽͳ͸ͪͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ;Ͳͳͷͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸ͼͽͪͬͳͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͸ͳͼ;;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͰ
ͷͶͪͯͳ΀Ͳͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
̾ͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͰͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͶͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͳͲͬͰͼ͸; ;Ͳͯͻͱͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͸Ͱ͵ͳ
͸Ͱ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͳ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ
͸ͪͽͪ 7VLPWJDſBMBTBO

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;– ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ

ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͆Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ

͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸Ͱ f f f
ͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ % % %
60 132 138
;΂ͳͽͰΓ ʗ2
18,18 40 41,82
͊ͷͰͻ EG
22 39 48
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ Q
20,18 44,04
24
ͺͻͬͪ
19,04 40,48 40,48 ʗ2
33 48 41
ͯͻ;ͭͪ Q
39,34 33,61
131
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͆Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸Ͱ f f f
ͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ % % %
16 42 63
ͽͻͰΕͪ ʗ2
13,22 34,71
9 30 31
΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͪ Q
12,86 42,86 44,28
76 180
ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ
18,44 37,86 43,70
͈͹Ͷ ʗ2
7 6
ͷ;΃͵ͳ EG
22,22
Q
82 171 186
͌͵;ͺ͸͹
18,68 42,37
́;͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ͸ͳͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͼͽ;ͯͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳͼͷͰͻ(͎0,646 EG Q0,723
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ͎ EG Q
ͺ͹Ͷ ͎
EG Q
͸ͳͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;;ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͉̀̓͌͐͆̀͋͢͡ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͪͼ;ͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱ͸ͪͳ͸ͰͲͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱ̾ͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ
Δ; ͳ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-
ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰ;͹΂ͳͽͳͯͬͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ͠Ͱͯ͸ͳͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Ͳ͸ͪ͵ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ̽ͻ;ͭͳͽ͹ͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͽΔ;
͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͪͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͪͽͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;
ͻͪͼͽͪ͵ͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͫͳΕͪ
͇ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪͽͳͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͫͳͶ͹
ͫͳͳͶ;Ͳ͹ͻ͸͹͇͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͳͽ͹͵ͪ͹ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳ ͽΒ͸ͪΒ͹
ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͳͳ͸ͪΒͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫ;ΒͰͼͽͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ;͵͹ͻͰΔͳͬͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;;ͷͪ ; ͸͹ͬ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸;
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;– ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͅͶͪͯͳͳͷͪΒ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;ͺ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͽ͹
΃ͽ͹ ; ͸ͪΒͬͰΕ͹Β ͷͰͻͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ ͲͻͰͶ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰ ͸͹ͬͰ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰͼͬ͹Βͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͆Ͱ͵ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͳͭͻ;ͺͰͳͷͪΒ;ͷ͹ΕͯͪͼͰͶͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹
ͯͰͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͯͪͷͪ͸Ͱͬͻͳ΃;Δͳͷͪ 3JU[FSͳ;FZOFQ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͯͰ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͳͷͪ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͶͳͺͪ͵ͯͪͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͽͲͬͯͬ͹͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͵͹Βͳ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͪͽͳ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ͆ͪͶͪͲͳ
132
͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;ͯͪͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;Βͪͼ͸͹ͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹Β ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͊ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͱͰΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͬͳͯͰ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ
ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸ͪΒͰͲͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻ;ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͇ͬͯͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳͼͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹
Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͺ͹Γͪ΃Δͳ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳͳͶͳͺͪ͵͵ͪ͹;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ
͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
͇΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͸ͳ Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͌ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ͹͸ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͼͳͷͳͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͽ;ΌͰͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪͻͪ΂;͸ͼ͹ͺͼ
ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͇΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪtͼͰͫͼͽͬ;i͸Ͱͳͼ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
ͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;Ͳͪ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͷͼͪͻͪͯΔ͹ͷͅͳ΃
ΓͰΔͪͼͷ͹ͯͪΒͰͯͳ͸͹Ͱ͵ͬͳͶͳͫͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͪͼͳ͸ͽͰͲͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͭ; ͺ͹ͷͳͻͳͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͇ͬ͹ ͼ; ͬͪͱ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳ Ͳͪͯͪ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ
ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͳͺͻͰͯͫ;ͯ;ΕͰ;΂ͳͽͰΓͰͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂Ͱ ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͺͻ͹ͷ͹
ͽͰͻͰ ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͪͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͼͺ͹ͻ͸͇ͪͽ;ͯͪͫͳ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͫ;ͯ;ΕͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͬͪΓͪͶ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹
ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͽͳͳ;ͼͷͰͻͳͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳΒ;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͶͪͯͳ΀
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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ͼ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ httpwww.uskolavrsac.edu.rs/Novi%20sajt%202010/ Dokumen-
ta/Izdanja/16%20Okrugli%20stoIdefault.htm.
̹͹Β͹ͬͳΕ ̿ ͊;ͯͲͳͶ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ̽
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Izdanja/16%20Okrugli%20sto/DjordjevicJ%20--%2014.pdf.
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loško društvo.
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Liebkind, K. (1984). .JOPSJUZ*EFOUJUZBOE*EFOUJGJLBUJPO1SPDFTTFT"4PDJBM1TZIPMPHJDBM4UVEZ$PN
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3PEJO %
t(MPCBMJ[BNOBTUBWOJLNPEFSOFJMJQBSBEJHNB i1PMJUJǁLBNJTBP 36 (1), Zagreb, 83–
100.
4FHBMM .) -POOFS 8+ #FSSZ +8
t$SPTs-DVMUVSBMQTZDIPMPHZBTBTDIPMBSMZEJTDJQMJOF
0OUIFëPXFSJOHPGDVMUVSFJOCFIBWJPSBMSFTFBSDIi"NFSJDBO1TZDIPMPHJTU 1101–1110.
5PNBOPWJǀ 4 4UBOPKFWJǀ % +BSJǀ * .PKJǀ % %SBHJØJǀ-BCBØ 4 -KVCJǁJǀ . ÂJWBEJOPWJǀ *

.MBEJ–OBØBTBEBØOKPTU*TUSBßJWBOKFTPDJKBMOJICJPHSBGJKBNMBEJIV 4SCJKJ #FPHSBE ƀJHPKB ØUBNQB –
*OTUJUVU[BTPDJPMPØLBJTUSBßJWBOKB'JMP[PGTLPHGBLVMUFUBV#FPHSBEV
͋ͻͪͷ͹΃Γͪ͸ͳ͸ ̹
͆ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̹ͪΔͪͶ;͵ͪ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͼͽͻ–̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpwww.sociolog.rs/files/godisnjak_br03/
boro%20tramosljanin.pdf <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͪͬͭ;ͼͽ>
Turek, F. (1999). (MPCBMJ[BDJKBJHMPCBMOBTJHVSOPTU7BSBßEJO)SWBUTLBVESVHB[BNFǅVOBSPEOFTUVEJKF
6MF . 3FOFS 5 .FODJOƀFQMBL . 5JWBEBS #
4PDJBMOBSBOMKJWPTUNMBEJI-KVCMKBOB6SBE
Republike Slovenije za mladino – »FOUJMK;BMPßCB"SJTUFK
)FME % .D(SFX "
5IF(MPCBM5SBOTGPSNBUJPOT3FBEFS "O*OUSPEVDUJPOUPUIF(MPCBMJzatJ
PO%FCBUF
. Second edition. Polity.
)VOUJHUPO 4
8IPBSF8F 5IF$IBMMFOHFTUP"NFSJDBT/BUJPOBM*EFOUJUZ/FX:PSL4JNPO
& Schuster.
)SOKJDB, S. (1994). 0QØUBQTJIPMPHJKBTBQTJIPMPHJKPNMJǁOPTUJ VWPEOBQSFEBWBOKB#FPHSBE/BVǁOBLOKi-
ga.
Castells, M. (2002). .PǀJEFOUJUFUB;BHSFC(PMEFONBSLFUJOH
Carnoy, M. (1999). 5IFSJTFPGOFUXPSL4PDJFUZ -POEPO#MBDLXFMM
͑ͳΒͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ́
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̹ͪΔͪͶ;΁ͳ ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ̹ͪΔͪͶ;͵ͪ

%"/*+&-"/7"4*-*+&7*Ƃ
DANIJELA M. SUDZILOVSKI
GLOBALIZATION AND NATIONAL IDENTITY

– 5)&1&3$&15*0/0':065)

SUMMARY
Nation and national identity are created, built and changed during socio-economic, political and other
changes and processes. We identify them as individual, group and collective forms created as a result of
search for new national values and multiple identities. In this context, the tendencies of globalization
irreversibly determine and shape young people in terms of their entire life, work and actions.
We considered it interesting to explore the views of young people (students) about the national state
and national identity in the era of globalization. In other words, how globalization as a world process deter-
mines the national identity of young people from the point of view of their age. The aim of the research is to
examine students' attitudes towards the impact of globalization processes on the national identity of young
QFPQMF*OMJOFXJUIUIFHPBM UIFUBTLTPGUIFSFTFBSDIBSFEFGJOFE
UPFYBNJOFTUVEFOUThBUtitudes towards
UIFJNQBDUPGHMPCBMGMPXTPOTUSFOHUIFOJOHUIFTUBUF
FYBNJOFEJGGFSFODFTJOTUVEFOUThBUUJUVEFTUPXBSET
UIFJNQBDUPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPOPOUIFJOUFSFTUTPGOBUJPOBMDVMUVSF
FYBNJOFUIFWJFXTPGZPVOHQFPQMFBCPVU
accepting globalization as a prerequisite for living in a democratic society. Using the descriptive method,
-JLFSUhTTDBMF UIFWJFXTPGTUVEFOUTPGUIF'BDVMUZPG5FBDIFS&EVDBUJPOGSPN6ßJDFXFSFFYBNJOFEBOE
analyzed.
,&:803%4 national identity, nation, globalization, students.
136

̸̸͉̺͇̺́͊́̽̓́ͣͅ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽt͌͸ͳ͹͸– ͆ͳ͵͹Ͷͪ͋ͰͼͶͪi ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͲͪͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽ;͊ͻͰͷͼ͵ͳͷ̓ͪͻͶ͹ͬ΁ͳͷͪ1
́̈́́ͅ͏̸̸̺͆̽̾͊̓́͠
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͆͹ͬ͹ͷ͊ͪͯ; ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸͉͇͈͉͇̺͎́̓̀́̀͌͆́͠ͅ
̸͍͇͉́͆ͅ͏͇͇́͆-̸͇̓͌͆́̓ͅ͏͇͎́͆́
̸͎͇͇̻͋̾͆̈́́͠2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓͌ͻͪͯ;ͼͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;͵͹ͷͰ ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ
ͯ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͽΒͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪtͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰi ͺͪ;ͽ͹ͷͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ;ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸;ͽͰ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ́ͪ͵͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͼͪͷ͹
ͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͼͰͻͬͳͼͪ ͼͺͪͯͪ ; ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ͌ͬͻͰͷͰͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͪͳͼͪͽͰͶͳͽͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳ
ͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͰΒͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ ͺͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͵ͪͲͪͽͳͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ
ͳ͸͹ͬ͹ͬͳΌͰΔͰͼͬͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ;ͷͻͰͱͰ͸
̽͹ͫͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͷ;ΔͰͬͳͽͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ
΁ͳΒͪͼΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ͵ͻͪΒͼͬͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
͌ͻͪͯ;ͼͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͯ͹ͬͰͶͪͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͳͲͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃;;ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ
ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ;͵͹Β͹ΒͲ͸ͪΔͰͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵ͪ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ
ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ;;ͷͻͰͱͰ͸͹ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͼ;ͫͰͲͯͻͱͪͬΓͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳ ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ͵ͻ;ͱͰ
΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ͷ ͼͪͱͳͷͪΒ;ΕͳͼͬͰͽ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ΂ͳ͸ͰΕͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͬͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹
ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͊ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ;ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹Βͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼͪ͸
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ́̓͋
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ
1
mira.vidakovic@yahoo.com
2
͉ͪͯΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ t̽ͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱi ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;͆͹ͬ͹ͷ͊ͪͯ; ͵͹ΒͳͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͇ͯͼͰ͵ͲͪͷͰͯͳ-
Βͼ͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ͹ͯͯ͹7ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͈ͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵͹ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ
΃ͳͿͻͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪIII 47020.
137
̺͇͌̽
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͷͳΓͰ͸ͺ͹Βͪͷͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹͵Γ;΂͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ
ͳͺͻͪ͵ͼ; ;΃ͪ͹;ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰͳͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹Ϳ͹͵;ͼͲͪͻͪͼͺͻͪͬ;;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;̸Ͷͳ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹
Γ;ͯͳͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ; ͺ͹ͯ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ΒͰͲͫ;Δ;Β;ΕͰ ΒͰͻ ͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͰͿͳ
͸ͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͬͻͶ͹Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ;͵ͪ
Ͳ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ΀ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ ΁ͳΓ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͼͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷͪ ̺ͳͯͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
͈͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͷΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ ̽ͪͶͳ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸
͵͹ͷͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳͽͳͳͶͳͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΕͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͼͺ͹
ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͳͻͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ΁ͰͶͳͼͬͰͽ ͸Ͱ͵ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͲͪͺͪͱͪΒ;ͯͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕ;
;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͺͪ͵ͳͷͪΒ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;ͷͻͰͱ;ͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳͷͪ;ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͵ͻͪΒͰͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͽͰ͸ͪͷͰΕ;Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳΒͰͲͳ͵;΁ͰͶ͹ͷ
ͼͬͰͽ;͋͹ͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͰ͸ͭͶͰ
ͼ͵͹ͭͳͺ͹ͯͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͭ΃ͳͻͰΔͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̺ͳͼ͹͵ͳͽͰͷͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻ
ͽ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ
ͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͳ͹ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸͹-ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ͸ͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͳ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͵͹Β;ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳ͸͹ͬ΁ͪͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ
͊ͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͻ͹ͲͺͻͳͲͷ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
;ͻͪͯ;ΕͰͷ͹ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͽͳͯͪ͹ͯͭ͹͸Ͱͽ͸Ͱͷ͹ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͽͳͷͯͪͽͳͷ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͸͹ͬͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͰ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͽͰ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͶ;ͱͳ͵ͪ͹
ͷͰͯͳΒͪͽ͹ͻͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸͇̺͍͇͉́́͆̾́͆͠ͅ͏̸̸͇͎͇͇̻͇͈͇͉́͆̾͋̾͆̈́́̾̓̓̾͋͐́͠
̸͈͉͇̾͆ͅ
͍ͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬͳͻͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͳ͸ͽͰ
ͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͳͯͰΒ͸͹ͷͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹
ͼͽͳ ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͳͷͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͷ͈ͪͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̹Ͱͻ͵Ͷͳ ̓ͪͶͳͿ͹ͻ͸ͳΒͪ
ͪͅ͸;ͰͶ̓ͪͼͽͰͶͼ .BOVFM
$BTUFMMT
ΒͰ;ͼͬ͹ͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;5IF*OGPSNBUJPO"HF&DPOPNZ 4PDJFUZBOE$VMUVSF (1996–1998)
͸ͪΒͪͬͳ͹ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ;Β;ΕͰ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͬͳͻͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͳ͸ͺ;ͽͳͷͪΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
138
̸̺͇̺́̽̓́ͣ ̸̺̻͆̽̾͊̓́Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͺͻͳͲͷ;͸͹ͬͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀
̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͼͰͼͶͪͱͰͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͫͳͽ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͬ
ͻͰͯͰ͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͺ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪ ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ
͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͪͿͳͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͼͽ;ΕͰ ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ
(Trkulja, 2004).
ͅ͸͹ͭͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͺ͹ͽ΁ͰΔͳͬͪΔͪͽ;Όͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪͳ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪͳͯͪͼͰͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͪ͸ͪ͹ͬͪΒͳͶͳ͹͸ͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪͷͰΕͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͈ͻͬͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪ͵ͻͰͯͳͫͳͶͳͽͰͽ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͳͺͻͳ͸
΁ͳͺͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪͷ;Β; ͺ͹ͯ ͺͪͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͊ͪͷͳͷ ͽͳͷ ͼͰ ͹ͫͰͲͬͻͰΌ;Β; ͼͬͳ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͰͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͰ͠Ͱͻ ͪ͵͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͰͱͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͬͰͽ;ͷͰΌ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽ͹ͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͬͪͱͳͲͪ
ͼͬͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͳͼͬͰͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰ ͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͺͪͼͰ͸ͰͫͳͼͷͰͶͳ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͽͳ ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͪ
ͬͪͽͳ ͳ ͪͿͳͻͷͳͼͪͽͳ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳ ͯ;ͪͶͳͲͷͳ ͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͲͷͳ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳ ͯͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͪͻ΃ͳ͸ͪ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͪ
ͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͪ ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͳͼͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳΒͰ 7VMFUJǀ

͌ͼͶͰͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͲ͸ͪΔͪ ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ;ͺͻͪͬ
ΓͪΔͪͲ͸ͪΔͰͷ ̺ͳͯͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͳ̸͸ͯͰͬͼ͵ͳ
͊ͬͰΒͰͬͰΕͪͺ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͪͲͪͳ͸͹ͬͪͽͳͬ͸͹΃Ε; Ͳͪͯ͹ͫ
ͻͳͷͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳͷͳͯͰΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͷ͹Εͳͯͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ΃ͳͻ͹͵ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͻͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ
Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͼ;ͼͻͰΕͰ;99*ͬͰ͵; ̈́ͪͳ
̓ͪ͵͹ͼͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ
͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͺͻͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳ΃;ͼͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪ
ͷͶͪͯ͹ͷͳͰ͸Ͱͻͭͳ΂͸͹ͷͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͪΕͰͫͳͽͳ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͰ͸ͪͯͪ͸ͪ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬͪ͸ͳͳ͸͹ͬͪͽͳͬͪ͸
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͻͪͯͳ͸ͪ͹ͽ͵ͶͪΔͪΔ;ͽͳ΀͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͌ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͹ͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀
΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪͽͻͪͱͳͼͰͯͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹;΂Ͱͳ;ͼͬͪΒͪΒ;ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͳͷ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͽͳͯͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͸͹ͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ
ͳͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸΃ͳͻͰͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;Β;͊ͬͰͽ͹ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹Βͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͳ
ͲͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷ;ͷͶͪͯͳ΀Ͳͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͻͪͯ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͸ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬ
ͽͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳ΀;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ
͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͹͵ͬͳͻͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͬͰ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ ͽͰͼͰ͹ͯ
Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͪͱͳͯͪͼͰ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ;Β;ͳͼͽͳ΂;͸͹ͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͫͳͶͳ;
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ͸͹ͬͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͰͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͰͳͽͳͷͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃;ͼͬ͹Β;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;
͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ̺ͳͯͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
͆ͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ͼͺ͹
ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͹ͬ͹ ͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͪͺ͹Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͹ͯ
Γ;ͯͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͯͪ ͼͬ͹Βͪ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͳ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌ;Β; ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ΁ͰͶ͹ͭ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΕͰͼͰͳͫͻ͹Βͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪ΁ͪ ͽͰΕͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͷͪͽͳ͸͹ͬͰt;΂Ͱ
͸ͳ͵Ͱ-͵ͶͳΒͰ͸ͽͰi ͼͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ͹ͯͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ̈́ͪͳ

͌ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͹ ͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ;΂ͰΔ; ͯ͹ͼͽͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͶͰͷͳ͵Ͱ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͽ͹ ͽͪ΂͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ
ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͲͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹;΂ͰΔͰ ̺ͳͯͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
͋ͪ͵͹
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͬͳͶͪͼͰͻͳΒ;ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ;΂ͰΔ; ͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͳͯ͹͵;
ͷͰ͸ͽ̓Γ;΂͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹;΂ͰΔͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ 5IF,FZ$PNQFUFODFTGPS-JGF
139
MPOH-FBSOJOHEuropean Communities, 2007
͵͹ΒͳͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͯ͹ͼͪͷ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ΂ͳΒͰͼͪͬͶͪΌͳ
ͬͪΔͰΒͰ͵Γ;΂;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭ;΂ͰΔͪ
1. ̓͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͷΒͰͲͳ͵;
2. ̓͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;
3. ͪͅͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͪ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ;͸ͪ;΁ͳͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ
4. ̽ͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ
͌΂ͰΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ;΂ͳ
6. ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͳΒͪͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
7. ͇ͼͰΕͪΒͲͪͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹
8. ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͼͬͰͼͽͳͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ
͌ͼͬͰͷ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͼͰͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͻͪͼͽͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͳΒͰͲ͸ͪΔͪ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰ́͋ͲͪͼͶ;ͱͪ͸ͲͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸
ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͫͻͲ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳ͵Γ;΂ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͯͪΓͰͭ΃ͳͻͰΔͪͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔ͇ͪ͸ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹;΂ͰΔͰͳͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
ͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͺͻͰͬͪͲͳ΃ͶͰͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͬͻͰͷͰͳͷͰͼͽ͹;΂ͰΔͪ
ͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͻ;ͱͳͶͰ͸͹ͬͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ;΂ͰΔͰ ͽͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͵͹Ͷͪͫ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ;΂ͰΔͪ ̈́ͪͳ

̸̸͇̻͍͇͉͌̈́́͆ͅ͏͇͇́͆-̸͇̓͌͆́̓ͅ͏̸͇͎͇͇̻͇̺́͆̾͋̾͆̈́́̾͌͌͊̈́́͠ͅ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠
́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ;ͲͳͷͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͪͼ͸ͪͭͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͯͪͼͪͷ͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ̸͵͹ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ͳ ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͸ͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͫͳͽͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ; ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͋͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͼͬͰ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͺͻͳͲͷ;
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͌Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ́̓͋ͼͰ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;
ͼͪͯͬͰͫͳͽ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͷ͈ͪͻͬ͹ ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͪ͵ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼ
ͽͬͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹͵Γ;΂;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ͬͰΕͼ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲͪ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͫͳͽ͸͹ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͺͪͼͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͬ͹ΒͺͻͳͷͪͽͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͪ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͲ͸ͪΔ;ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͲ͸ͪΔͰͳ;΂ͰΔͰΒͰͼ;
͵Γ;΂͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͰͲ͸ͪΔͰͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͼͪͷ͹΁ͳΓͰͬͳ
ͬͰΕͳͼͪͷͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪͳͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱ
140
͋Ͱ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶͪͯ͹͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͲͪͼͰͫ͸;͹ͯͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͪ ͬͰΕΒͰ͹͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳ;ͼ͵͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͪΔͳͷ͊ͬͪ͵ͪͿͪͲͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ
΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͳͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͽͰΒͰͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸͹ͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹
Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;Ͳͪ͸͹ͬͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͺͶͪ͸͹
ͬͳͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͷ̸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ́̓͋ͬͪͱͪ͸Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͪ͵ ͼͪͷͪͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ ͻͪͲͬͳͶͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;Ͳͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͹͸ͯͪΒͰ
́̓͋͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ;͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰΔͪͬͪΔ;.
̹ͳͽ͸͹ ΒͰ ;ͬͰ͵ ͳͷͪͽͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͯͪ ͷͶͪͯͰ Γ;ͯͰ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͳ Ͳͪ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͻͪͯ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͪΒͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ ͺ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͻͰͶ͹ͼͽͪ͵͹ͫͻͲͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͹ͬ͹ͷͬͰ͵;͆ͪͺͻͰ΁ͳ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷͳ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ; ͺͻͬͳͺͶͪ͸ ͼ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ
͸͹ͬͳͺ͹Βͪͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ (Curry, Stefurak, Gray, 2011).
͈ͻͰͷͪ̽ͻ;͵Ͱͻ; ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶ͹ͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ;͵͹ͷͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹͹ͯͶͳͬͪͳͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͰͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ ;ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ͸ͰͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͳͷ; %SVDLFS
͋͹Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;
ͳͷͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͬͳͼ͹͵͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͽͻͪͱͳͯͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͺͻ;ͱͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ
ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͰͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͊ͬͰͬͰΕͰͻͪͼͽͳͺͻͳͷͪͽ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂
͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͯ͹ͬͰͶͳͼ;ͯ͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͬͳͷͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ
Ͳͪ͹ͫͳ΃Ͷ͹͸ͳͬͳͼ͹͵͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ .D1IFSTPO +BNFTPO

͇ͯͼͬ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ́̓͋ͳͯͻ;ͭͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͯͪͻͪͼͽ;ͳͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͼͬͰ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͽͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷͰΔͪΒ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰΓ;ͯͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ;Β;
͹ͫ;΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͳͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΒ;ͳͽ͹΃ͳͻ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰ .D1IFSTPO
̓ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͹ͯ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͰ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͽͻͪͱͳ ͯͪ ͳͷͪΒ; ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ
͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ ;΂ͰΔͪ ͳ ͼͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͪ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͳ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ

̸̻͉́͆͋̾͏̸̸͇̹͉͇̺͈͉͇́́̓͋͌̀͆́͠͏̾͊
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͫͻͲͰ ͳ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͵͹͸͹ͬͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͰͲͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͪ͵͹
ͳ͸͹ͬͰͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͰ͈ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ͬͰΕ;ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͫ͹ͭͪͽ͹ͷͳͲͬ͹ͻ;ͷ;ͶͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪ
Βͪ ͺͻ;ͱͪΔͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͰͲͪ;΂ͰΔͰͺ;ͽͰͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ͹͸ͳͷͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ͸Ͱͫͳͽ͹
ͫͳͶͳ ; ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͬͰ Ͷͪ͵΃ͪ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳͷ ;ͻͰΌͪΒͳͷͪ
͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ; ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ͵ͪ͵͹Ͳͪ;΂ͰΔͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͪͺͻ͹
ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͻ;ͭͰ
́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͫͻͲͳ͸ͪͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵Ͱ ͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪ͹͆ͪͺͻͳ
ͷͰͻ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰͼ;ͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸Ͱͯͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͳͯ;;͵͹ͻͪ͵ͼͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͭͯͰͼͰΒͪͬΓͪ
Β;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͫ;͵ͪ
141
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͯͻͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͹͸ ͫͳ͹ ; ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͪΒͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͳͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷ͠Ͱͯͪ͸ͫͻ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰ͸͹ͼͳͼ͹ͬͳͷ ͸ͳͷͪ
Ͷ͹ΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳͷͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͯ͹͵ͷ͸͹ͭͰ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;ͼͶͰͯͻͪͺͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͺͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ͹ͯͻͰ
ΌͰ͸ͳͻͪͲͯ͹ͻ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ͸ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ̹ͻͲͪͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͽͪ΂͸͹͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͪΒ;͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ
ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ̺ͳͯͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
̽ͪͫͳͼͰͯ͹ͫͳͶͳΒͪͼ͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͪͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͯͪͼͰ;ͼͪͷ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸;ͯͪ͸ͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
́͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͬͰͶͪ ΒͰ ͯ͹ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͼΔͳͷͪΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹
ͫͶͰͷͪ ̺ͳͯͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ

́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ. ̀ͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ ͺ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼ
ͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼ;ͼͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷͳ΀ͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͭͯͰͼͰͿ͹͵;ͼ͹ͯ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭ;ͷͻͰͱͪͬͪΔͪͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ͹ͯ͹Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͲͪ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ͵͹ͷ
ͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳ΀ͼ͹ͿͽͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪͼͬͳͼ͹͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷͳͶͪ͵Ͱͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
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΂ͪ͵΃͵͹Ͷͪ;̸͊̽͹ͯͳͷͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ; /FX:PSL5JNFT
ͪͶͳ ΒͰ
ͼͪͷ͹ͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹ΒΔͳ΀;ͼͺͰ͹ͯͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͲͪͫͻͱͳͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ;
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ̺ͰΕͳ͸; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͼ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ ;
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͶͰͼ;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪͶͰͳͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪͶͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪͼͰͼͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͪΓͪ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯ
ͽ͹ͭͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ͬͰΕͻͰ͵Ͷͳ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͯͪͫͳͫͳͶͪͬͪͶͳͯ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͽͻͪΒ;ͳͺ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͷͪ ͪͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹
ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸͹ ͳ ͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͼͪ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε; Ͳ͸ͪͶ͹ ; ͵͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ΁;
ͽͻͰͫͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͼͬͻ΀Ͱ
̾;΂ͰΔͰ ͇͸ͶͪΒ͸;΂ͰΔͰ ;ͼͬͳͷͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ ;ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͬͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰ͈͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪͯͪͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Β͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
ͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ;ͼͷͰͻͰΔͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪͽͳ ̺ͳͯͪ
͵͹ͬͳΕ
͈͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;ΒͰ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;͹΂Γͳͬͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͫͻ͹Βͪͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͭͯͰ;΂Ͱ
͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͺͪͼͬͰͯ͹ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͺͻ͹͸ͪΌ;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͰͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
ͬͪΔͰ͇ͬͰ΃͵͹ͶͰͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͿ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪΒ;ͳ͸ͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͽͰ;ͬ͹ͯͰ
Ͷͳ΂͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͺ͹͸;ͯ; ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͶͳ͹ͺ΁ͳΒ;͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ͳ
ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ; ͯͻ;ͱͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;͵Ͷ;
ͫ͹ͬͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹΃ͳͻͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͰ
ͅ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͊ͬͰͬͰΕͪͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͷͪΔͰ͸ͳͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀;ͻͰΌͪΒͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͯͪ
͹͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻͪ͸ͽͻͰ͸ͯͳ;ͼͿͰͻͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͻͪͲͯ͹ͻ͹ͫͻͪ
Ͳ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳͯͪΓͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ;ͻͰΌͪΒͳͼͰ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ͷͪ͵ͪͻ
͵ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ΂͸͹ͼͽͅ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ;ͻͰΌͪΒͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;ͬͰΕ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ;
ͽͰͼͰ͸ͪ ͹ͬͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͷ͹ͭ; ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΕͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪͼͽͪͽͳͺͻͳ ͹ͺͻͰͷͪΔ;
142
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ΀ͪͻͯͬͰͻ͹ͷͳͼ͹ͿͽͬͰͻ͹ͷ ͪͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ͪͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;
ΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͫͰͼͺͶͪͽ͸Ͱ
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹;ͷͻͰͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͌ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͬͰΕΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ
ͯͪ͹͸Ͱͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͽͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͽͰΒͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ͵ͪͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔ;
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹͸ͪΒͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͪͬͪΔͰ ͅ͸͹ͭͰ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰ͵ͪ͵͹Ͳͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀͵Ͷ;ͫ͹ͬͪ ͽͪ͵͹
ͳͲͪͯͻ;ͭͰͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͷͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ
ͫͻͳͭͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͳͻͪΔͰ ͯͰΓͰΔͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒ;;ͽͪ͵
ͬ͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͽͰͼͰΒͪͬΓͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͷͻͰͱͪͷͪ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹Ͳͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͋ͪ͵ͬͳͼͪΒͽ͹ͬͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳ͹͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͬͰΕͰ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͰ ͭͯͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;͵͹ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪͷͻͰͱͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼ͵ͳͷΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;
ͯͪͼͽ;ͺͰ;͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒ;̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͬͪΒ;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͯͪͻͪͯͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹͸ͪͺͻ͹
ΒͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ ; ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͫͰͲ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͯͪ ͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͪΒ; ͼͬ͹Β ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ
ͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͳͼͪͷͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰͻͪͯͳͼͬ͹ͭͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔ͇ͪ͸ͳͼͰ ͵ͻ͹Ͳͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͵͹ͶͰͭͪͷͪ ͯͰͶͰͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͰ ͽͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;ͼͬ͹ͷͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔ; ͪ;
ͼͬͻ΀;΃ͽ͹ͫ͹ΓͰͭͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;;΂ͰΔͪͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸͉͇̹͉͇̺͇́̓͌̈́͋͌̾́̀̾͌̓͆͋̾̓͊͋͌͢͠
̸͍͇͉́͆ͅ͏͇͇́͆-̸͇̓͌͆́̓ͅ͏̸͇͎͎͇͇̻́͆́͋̾͆̈́́͠
̽ͪͫͳͼͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ́̓͋ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͻͪͲ
ͷ͹ͽͻͳͽͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ ͼͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪ ͽͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ
͸ͳͬ͹; ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; 1VMLLJOFO
ͅͰΌ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ
ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͳͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͪ
͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷ͇ͪͬͪ͵ͪͬͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͽ;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͺ͹ͺ;ͽͺͻͪͬͰ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͪ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β
;ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͽͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ΂Ͱͼ
ͽͳ΀ͭͻͰ΃ͪ͵ͪ;ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͼͪͷ͹;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͳͶͳͺ͹ͼ
Ͷ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͽͰͼͰͲͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;ΒͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β; /BTI
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͪ͵͹
ͼͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪΒ; ͵ͪ͹ ͯͰ͹ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͳ ͳ ͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͳ ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͽͰͷͰΓ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͊ͪͼͬͳͷΒͰͶͪ͵͹;ͬͳͯͰͽͳͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ;͹΂ͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͰͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ
ͽͪ͵ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;;Ͷͪͱ;;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͲ͸ͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͼͳͻ͹
ͬͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ;ͽͪ͵ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͪ͹ͬͪΒΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ̀ͫ͹ͭͼͬͰͭͪ
ͽ͹ͭͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͫͳͽͪ͸ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;
143
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͷͰͭͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ;͸ͳ
ͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͷͻͰͱͪ ͳ ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ΒͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ͇ͬͳ͸͹ͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͸;ͯͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺͻ͹
ͭͻͪͷͰ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰͳ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ ͻͪͯͳ΃ͽ͹ͬͰΕͰͭͯ͹ͼͰͭͪ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͪͷ͹͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͰͳ͸ͪΒͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸ͳΒͰΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰͳ ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺͻͰͷͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ;̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸;ͽ́̓͋ ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
;ͼ͵͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͼ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͷ ΒͰͼͽͰͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͽͰͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͲͯͪ
ͬͪ΃ͽͬͪ;ͼͿͰͻͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ
͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͼ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͰͼͷͰΒ;
ͼͰͲͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻͳͽͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͷͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;Δͳͷͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ;ͼͶͰͯͺͻͰ
ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪͳͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪͬͳͼ͹͵͹͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͪ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪΒͰ
ͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒ̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͼͪͰ-;΂ͰΔͰͷ
ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͽͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;Β;ͯͪΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ
ͽͳͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ͸ͰͼͷͰΒ;ͫͳͽͳͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ
͈ͻͰͷͪ͌͸Ͱͼ͵;
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͻͪͳͷͪͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ ͯ͹͵́̓͋
͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͼͪͽͳͷ̽ͰͶ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ
́̓͋;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;͵ͻ͹Ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯͰ-;΂ͰΔͪͺͻͰͿͰͻͳͻͪͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͳ ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͪ;΁ͳΓ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ
ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸ ͹͸ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͷ͹ͱͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳͯ͹ͼͽͪͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸͹ ͽͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳͯͪ ;
ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͱͻͽͬ;Β;ͼͬ͹Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳΒͰͲͳ͵͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺͻͳ;΃ͽͳͶͰͫ͹ΓͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
ͬͪΔͰͲͪͼͬͰ̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͷͪΔͳ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰ
ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͳͽͳͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͽͳ́̓͋ͪͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͽͳͳͶͳͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ
ͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͯͰ͹ΔͰͭͪ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͳͼ; ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͰ ͬͰΕ ͼ; ͯͬͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͽͰͳͲΔͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͳͶͪͲͳͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͪ
ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͪͯͪͺͽͳͻͪ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β ͹ͺͽͳͷͪͶ͸͹Β
ͷͰͻͳͼͺͰ
΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͱͰͶͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳ 4QSJOH

͌ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸Ͱ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ́̓͋ ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ;Ͱ-;΂ͰΔ;͇ͬͰͪͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͼͽ;ͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ͼͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͺ͹ͺ
ͻͳͷͪΒ;ͳͲͭͶͰͯͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;ͼͪͷͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͽͰͳ΀ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ
ͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͲͬͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
144

̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͇̻̺͈͇̹͉͇̺̻͉͌̈́͊́͋́̀͌́͆͋̾͢͢͏̸́́͆͠͏̸͇͇̻́͆̈́͆
̸̸̸̸̺͉͎̻͇̹͎͇͇̺́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋́͊̾̾͆́̈́̈́͆́͋̓ͅ
̸͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͯ͹͸͹ͼͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒ;ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵Ͱ͋͹ ͳͼͽ͹
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳͫͻͳͱΓͳͬ͹ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͸͹ͬͪͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ;ͱ͸ͪΒͰͯͪͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͻͪͲͷͳ΃Γͪ;΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͷͳ
ͼͪ͹ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ΒͰͼͽͰͳ ;͵͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ΁;ͽͻͰͫͪ
;ͼͷͰͻͳͽͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͯͪͫͳͫͳͶ͹΃ͽ͹͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸ͳΒͰͳ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ͑͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ̀͸ͪΔͰͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͼͽͳ΂;ͽ͹͵͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͼΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ
͸;Εͳͷͪͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͳͷͪ
́ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ Ͳͪ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽͪ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͰΕͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ
͆ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;
͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͳͼͽͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͷͪΒ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ ͪͶͳͳͷͪΒ;ͳͼͬ͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ ͽΒ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰ ͬͰͻͪ͸ ͳͲͻͪͲ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ– ͼͽͬͪͻͪ͹΁ͪ ΀͹ͷ͹ͼͪͺͳΒͰ͸ͼͪ ͪͼͬͪ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
ͳͷͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳͼͬ͹Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͪͅΒ͹ͻ
͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰ
ͽ͵; ͸Ͱ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ tͼͬ͹ͯͳ ͸ͪ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͵͹ͺͳͻͪΔͰ ͳ ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽͪi
͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ

͌͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪͽͻͰͫͪͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͳͽͳͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;͹΂;ͬͪΔ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;Ͳ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͯͪXXI ͬͰ͵ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ΂ͳΒͰͷ
ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͼͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͋Ͱͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͯͪͼͰͫ;ͯͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸ͼͬͰͽͪͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͯͪͼͰͼͪ΂;ͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ;ͺͻͳ
΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͋ͪΒ Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͼͰ ͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ ;
͹΂;ͬͪΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͼͬ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͸͹ͬͳͷ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ;Ͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪͳͼͬ͹ͭͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬͳͽ͵ͪ
͉Ͱ΃ͪͬͪΔ; ͹ͬͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͺͻ;ͱͪΒ;ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͯͪΒͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͻͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͪͶͳͯͪͼͬͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͱͳͬͰ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͯͻ;
ͭͳ΀ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ;Ͳ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ

͌͹ͬ͹Β͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰΒͪͬΓͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ;ͼͷͰͻͰΔͪ
͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͪͽ͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͳ͸ͰͭͳͻͪΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ

; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ ͊;ͲͳΕ
tͅ͸͹ͭ͹ ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͭͻͪͯͳͽͳ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ; ͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹
;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͽͳ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͳͽͳ͸Ͱ͵;ͬͻͼͽ;ͪ-Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪi ̓͹͵͹ͽ͹ͬͳΕ
͠Ͱͻ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͼͰͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͬͰΕͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ
͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪtͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͯͻ;ͭ͹͸Ͱͭ͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸
΁ͰͺͽͪͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰi ͅ͹ͻͰ͸
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͵͹͸
͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͪ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͳͯͰΒ͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͪ͸ͪΒΒͪ΂ͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽΒͰΒͰͲͳ͵
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͌͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΔ;͹ͬͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ
͵ͪ͹ ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ Ͳͪ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͷ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͽͰ͵͹ͬͳ͸ͪ
̀ͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͰͬͪͶ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͶͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΁ͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ tͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͪi ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ; ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ̀͸ͪ΂ͳ ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰ
ͽ;Όͳ΀ ͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ ;Ͳ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ΔͰ͸ͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳΔͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
͈͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͸ͪͬͰͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͻͼ;͸͹ͬͳͷͰͯͳΒͳͳ͵͹ͷ;
͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͳ;ͫͻͲͪΔ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͷͪͼ-
ͷͰͯͳΒͪ͋ͪͬͰͲͪΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͪΔͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ– ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͰͯͳΒͪ ΒͰͻtͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽiͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͪΔͰ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹͸ͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪͅ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͰͯͳΒͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͪͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͷͰͯͳΒͪ– ͸ͳΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͳͽͳ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͯ͹ͫ; ͪͽͻͰͫͪ;ͬͰͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳͼͪͷ͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͬͪͱ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪΒͰͼͽͰ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͬͰΕͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ
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Ͷͪͭ͹ͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͻͳͳ;ͬͰΕͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸Ͱ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͯ͹ͫͪ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸Ͱͷͪͼͪͷ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͬͰΕͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
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ΔͰ– ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͳͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳ̾-͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪi ;̓ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;
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MILICA J. ANDEVSKI

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INFORMATION-$0..6/*$"5*0/5&$)/0-0(:
SUMMARY
The paper analyses the contemporary society where, under the influence of globalization, a new global
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where the need for globalization of education emerges, under the influence of the development of informa-
tion technologies. Even though the Internet, only through certain services, represents a medium of mass
communication, its role and importance in the globalization process is extraordinary. In the era of the Inter-
net and satellite communication, territorial sovereignty of a country is relative, so it can be concluded that
globalization carries out a conception of the new geopolitics and the new perception of the world that is
becoming increasingly interconnected.
The age of globalism and globalization is characterized by the dominant role of knowledge and the
rapidity of the information transfer from one point of the world to the next, enabled by the Internet-based
technology.
The paper shows how high-technology brought upon changes in the shape of communication, which
transform from analog to digital, and by doing so affect the formation of digital economy, in which
knowledge and education as an intellectual capital become the most important resources. Information in the
interconnected, global society is uXJUIPVUDJUJ[FOTIJQuBOEBTTVDIFODPNQBTTes the entire planet, compres-
sing the world in time and space, making all territorial borders conditional, so that globalization represents a
historical process of transforming the world into a single system that becomes interdependent.
,&:803%4 globalization, ICT, education, planetary culture, knowledge society.
149
347.72(4-672EU)
339.923(4-672EU)
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́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
#3&9*5̸̸̸͇̺͈͇͇̺͇̻̺́͆͊̈́́̓͊̈́͆͊̾͋
̺͉͇͈̾͊̓̾͌͆́̾͠2

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̺ͰͶͳ͵̹ͪͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪͼͰͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͷ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;Ͷͪ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ
͹ͯͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ̾͌– ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ
ͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͲͫ͹ͭͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸
ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͽͰ΃͵͹Εͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͹ͬͪ ͲͰͷΓͪ ͸;ͯͳ ͇ͬͰ ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͰ ͼ; ͷ͸͹ͭͰ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ̾͌
͈͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͷͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔ̺ͪͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͲ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰͼͰͽ͹
͹ͯͻͪͲͳͽͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ
ͻͰͱͳͷͪͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰͼͰͯͪΓͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͽͳͼͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽ͈ͪ̾͌ͳͽͪΔͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ͹ͼͽͬͪ
ͻͳͬͪΔͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;̾͌ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͱ– ͽΒͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ͌ͻͰͯͫͰ͹ͼͽͰ
΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷ͇ͪͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ΕͰͼͰͻͰͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰͳͲ̾͌͌ͽͰ͹
ͻͳΒͳͼͰ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͽͻͳͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͷ͹ͯͰͶͪIBSE#SFYJU ͌̓ͳͼͽ;ͺͪͫͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͼͪ̾͌ͳ;ͯͪΓͳͷ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͼͰ͹ͼͶͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
TPGU
Brexit ͌̓͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͪ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ͸ͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;͵ͻ͹Ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;&'5"ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
ͳͶͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͼ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳΒ͹ͷ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ #SFYJU ̾͌ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹
̸̸̸̸̸̺͇͉͉͌̽͆̀͋͢ͅ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪͼΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷ͵͹Βͳ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃ͰͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͹ͫͻ͸;ͽͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͹ͯ ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱͺͻͪͬͪ΁ΔͰ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ 4BMJOBT ͼͽͻ
͇ͽ;ͯ ͸Ͱ΂;ͯͳ΃͹͵͵ͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹
̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷ;ͳͲͭͶͪͼͪͶ͹ͯͪͱͰͶͳͯͪ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;;͸ͳΒ;͇ͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ
ͯͪ ͼͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͳͲ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ ͌ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ ͺͪ ΒͰ ΂ͳͽͪͬ
ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͫͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͽ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔ͈ͪ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪͽͳ
1
avisekruna@gmail.com.
2
͇ͬͪΒ ͻͪͯ ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͻͪͯͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ; ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪ Ͳͪ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ t͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ ͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹
ͺͻͪͬ͹ – ;ͺ͹ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͳ ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔͰi ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͳ ͫͻ͹Β
͵͹Βͳ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹
ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ.

̸̸̸̸͉̺͉̈́̾̓͊͆̽̽́͑̾̓͌͆BSFYJUͳ͸͹ͬͪͼͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ Βͪ΂ͪΔͰͼͰ΁Ͱͼͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺ͹
;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽ͌̓– ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪΓͰΔͪ͑͵͹ͽͼ͵Ͱͳ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸Ͱ́ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹͵ͪ͵ͬͪΕͰͫͳͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͬͰΕͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸Brexit-a.
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͌̓ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͳͭͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͵ͪ͵͹;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͪͫ;ΘͰͽ;
̾͌ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͼ͸ͪͭͰͳͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͰΔͰ͸͹ͭͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ3 ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Β͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸͹ͷtͶͳͷͫ;iͲͫ͹ͭΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͬͳͻͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͭ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͽͶ;ͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰͯͪΕͰͷ͸͹ͭͰ͹ͯΔͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰͼͽͽͳ
ͳͲͬͪ͸͌̓ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̹;ͯ;ΕͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͳ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͰ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷͯͻ;ͭͰͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ;ͱͳͬͪΒ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͳͲ̾͌ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͳͲͶͪ
Ͳͪ͵ͳͲ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ͸ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪͶͳͼ͌̓
̸̸̸͇͉͚̺͇͇̽̾̈́́͌̾́̽͆͊̾͌́͌̓͢ͅ
͆ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͫͳͽͳͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳͫ;ͯ;Εͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳ̾͌–͌̓ͲͪͬͳͼͳΕͰ͹ͯͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ
͌̓ ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͵͹Β;ͬͶͪͼͽͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͌̓ͱͰͶͰͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͵ͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͳ͹ͯ
ͺͻͪͬͪ ̾͌ ͳ ͳͼ΀͹ͯͪ ͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪΔͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ -FINBO ;FU[DIF
ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ;͹΂Ͱ͸͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪ͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͳͷ͵ͻͪ-
ΒͰͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼFͳͲͶͪͲͪ͵ͳͲ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͫͰͲͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͵͹Βͳͫͳ;ͻͰΌͳͬͪ͹ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ
(IBSE#SFYJU)ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;(TPGU#SFYJU) ́ͲͷͰΌ;ͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ
ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽͰͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͼͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ͸Ͱ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ– ΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͺͻͳ-
ͯͻ;ͱͳͬͪΔ; ͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹Βͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ; ͳͶͳ͹ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ;ͳ
ͼͪͻͪͯΔͳ &VSPQFBO1BSMJBNFOU ͼͽͻ
͆ͳΒͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹ͼ͹
ͫͰ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪͽͳͬͳ΃ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͼ͵;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͳ΀ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͳ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪͽͳͼ͸ͪ
ͱ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͬͰͲͰ͵͹ΒͰͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͊ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͻͰͱͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͫͳͼͰ;ͬͪͱͳͶͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ͌̓
ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͯ͹͸ͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͲͪ̾͌ ΒͰͻͫͳͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶ͹͹ͲͫͳΓͪ͸ͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͱͯͪͫͳͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͪ͵Ͷ͹ͯͻ;ͭͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪͼͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪͫ͹ͻͰͲͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ -FINBO
;FU[DIF ͼͽͻ
͌ͺͳͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͶͳΕͰ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͷ͹ΕͳͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸ͰͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹͹ͫͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ; ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰ 3JOHF ͼͽͻ
͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ ͹ͯ ͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͸͹ͭ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͫͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͫͳͶ͹ͫ͹ΓͰ͹ͯ͸ͰͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͪ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳ͹ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ ͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ
8FOEMBOE ͼͽͻ

3
͌ͯͰ͹ ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ ; ͫͻ;ͽ͹ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͷ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ; ̾͌ ΒͰ ̸rmour, 2017, ͼͽͻ
͆ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ
ͺ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͪͳͲ ̾͌ͲͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͷͪͳͲ ͌̓΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸;΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸;;͵;ͺ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͰͲͪ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͷͪͳͲ̾͌ ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ;ͯ͹ͷͰ͸;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͭͪ;͌̓͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹ΒͰͺͻ;ͱͪΔͰͷ
;ͼͶ;ͭͪͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ̾͌ ͪ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͌̓͸ͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;̾͌΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ
̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹
;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ; ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͳ ͼͪ ̾͌ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͳ ; ͯ͹ͷͰ͸; ͵Ͷͳͻͳ͸ͭͪ ͳ ͼͪͶͯͳͻͪΔͪ
ͳ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ
ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ
͋ͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ΒͰ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹;͌̓;ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ̾uropean
Parliament, 2017, ͼͽͻ

͊ͬͪ͵ͳ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀ͳͼ΀͹ͯͪͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͶͳͳͷͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
ͫ;ͯ;Εͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͳ̾͌ ΒͰͻͼͰ͸ͰͼͷͰͼͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳͼ;ͷͪͯͪΕͰ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰBrexit-a͹ͼͰͽͳͽͳͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̾͌
Hard Brexit
͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ͵ͻͪΒΔͳͳͼ΀͹ͯͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬͰͬͻͼͽͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͌̓ͫͳͺͻͰͼͽͪ
Ͷ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ΂Ͷͪ͸̾͌ͳͼͬ͹Β͹ͯ͸͹ͼͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͶ͹ͫͳͺ;ͽͰͷ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ;͊ͬͰͽͼ͵͹Β
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ̺ͳ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱ ͫͳ ;ͱͳͬͪͶ͹ ; ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͼͰͼͺ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳͲ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻͰͯ͊;ͯͺͻͪͬͯͰ̾͌ 'FSSBO
ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ Ͳͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͫͳ͹ͫͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸
ͯ;ͱͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ &NFSTPO ͼͽͻ
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͪͫͳͯͪͬͪͱͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ
ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͪͲͪ͸ͪͺ;
΃ͽͪΔͰ͌͸ͳΒͰ 3JOHF ͼͽͻ

Soft Brexit t͸͹ͻͬͰ΃͵ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶi

͆ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ͵ͻͪΒ;ͼͺͰ͵ͽͻͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͳͲͶͪͲͪ͵ͳͲ͌͸ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵
͸ͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;͵ͻ͹Ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͈̾̾
͍;͸͵΁ͳ͹
͸ͳͼͪΔͰ͈̾̾ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰͼͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸;ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸;͸ͪͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸;ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ̾͌ ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳͳͷͺͶͰ
ͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ ; ͺͻͪͬ͹ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͈̾̾ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͊;ͯͪ &VSPQFBO 1BSMJBNFOU
ͼͽͻ
͐Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;͈̾̾͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ͌̓ͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͳͲͬͪ͸ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ;̾͌ͳͼͪͷ͹
;ͻͰͯͳͺͳͽͪΔͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;Όͪͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸;ͬͪͶ;ͽ;ͳ
ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͯͰ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹Γ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͳͻͳͫͪͻͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͯͪ;ͻͰΌ;ΒͰ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͺ;ͽͰͷͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ 3JOHF ͼͽͻ

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͪ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͳͷͪͼͬ͹Β;΁Ͱ͸;͆ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ΒͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͰͽͪ
ΔͪͶͳ΁ͪ4 ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ̾͌ͫͰͲͷ͹ͭ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͼͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔ; ΂ͳͷͰͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͬͻͼͽͪtͺ͹Ͷ;΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ;̾͌i
(Wendland, 2017, ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͌̓ͫͳͳͷͪͶ͹ͼͪͷ͹;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪ
ͽͻͪ΂ͪ ;ͲͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;
ͬͳͯ; ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸; ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ̸SNPVS ͼͽͻ 4DIJMMJOH
ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͳͷͫͳ͌̓ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͫͰͲͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͫ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͵͹Βͳͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͯͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ "SNPVS ͼͽͻ
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹̾͌͸ͰͷͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͈̾̾ ͬͰΕͯͪ
ͷ͹ͻͪ ͫͳͽͳ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ ͺ;ͽͰͷ ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼͪ ͼͬͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ ; ͸ͪ-
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ́ͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰ ͵ͻͰΕͰ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪΒͼͺ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ
4
͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸͹̓ͻͪΓͰͬͼͽͬ͹ͫͳͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱͳ͈̾̾ͺ͹ͯͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͯͪͼͽͰ͵͸Ͱ
ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͈̾̾ͷͳ͸;ͼͯͻͱͪͬͰ – ͽΒͯͪͼͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͭ͹ͻΔͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͫͻ͹Βͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;;Εͳ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ;
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͼͶͳ΂͸͹͵ͪ͹;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;̈́ͳ΀ͽͰ͸΃ͽͪΒ͸ͪ Lehman & Zetzche ͼͽͻ

ͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰ΂Ͱ͵ͪΔͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸;ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͆ͳΒͰͲͪ͸ͰͷͪͻΓͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪ
΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͈̾̾ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͫ;ΘͰͽ;̾͌
̹ͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ
͋ͻͰΕͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽΒͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ
;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪΒͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪΒͰBrexit ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͼͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͵͹Β͹ͷ
ͼͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͫͳͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͹ͯ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͽͻͭ͹
ͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹͸Ͱͭ;Β;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͸͹ͬͪͺͻͪͬͪ 3JOHF
ͼͽͻ

̓ͪ͹ͻͰͺͰͻͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ;Ͳͳͷͪ͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ;
̾͌
͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͶͪ ͯͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ;ͻͰͯͳ ͺ;ͽͰͷ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ſFSBOJǀ ͼͽͻ
͑ͳͻͰΔͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;
ͺ͹ͼͽͳͱͰͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰͷͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͭͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ,PLLJOJT ͼͽͻ
6 ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;
ͷͳ͸ͰͼͪͯͻͱͰ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵Ͱͯͪ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ ;ͼͬͪΒͪͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ ̾͌ͳ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ
͊;ͯͪͺͻͪͬͯͰ̾͌ ͽͲͬ ͼͽͪͽͳ΂͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΁ͳΓͯͪͼͰ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͰ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͳͷͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰ
ͻͰͼ ͯͪ ͳͷ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳ ͫ;ͯ; ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ ſFSBOJǀ ͼͽͻ
͊ͰͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ
΃ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳͼ;Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͹͸ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͱͰΓͪ͸Ͳͪ͌̓ &NFSTPO ͼͽͻ

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͪΒͷ͹ͯͰͶͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ΒͰͻΒͰͳͼͪͷͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͲͫ͹ͭ
ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͪͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷͪͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵Ͱͼ;ͳͲͭͶͪͼͪͶͳ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͳ΀͵ͬ͹ͽͪ ΂ͳΒ͹ͷͫͳͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͫͳͶͰͺͻͰ͵ͻ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͼͶ͹
ͫ͹ͯͪ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͶͳ΁ͪ
΃ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͭ;ͫͳͽ͵;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ſFSBOJǀ ͼͽͻ–
,PLLJOJT ͼͽͻ

͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͽͰͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͼ͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͷ͈ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰ;͵Ͷͪ
ΔͪΔͰ΁ͪͻͳ͸ͪ;ͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸͹Βͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͳ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͪͻͳͿͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;
͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ΃ͽ͹
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ͌ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͼͪ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ ͌̓ͫͳ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͲͰͷΓ͹ͷͺ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫ ̾NFSTPO ͼͽͻ

͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪΒͰͼͽͰͳ$&5"ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͼ̓ͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͷ͇͸ΒͰͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽͪ͸Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰ
ͻͰͼͰ͌̓ ΒͰͻ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰ͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͰͭͺͻͳ
ͼͽ;ͺ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; "SNPVS &NFSTPO ͼͽͻ
$&5" ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹
ͺͪͼͳͬ͸;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͺͻ;ͱͪΔͪ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͳͫͪͬΓͪΔͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͭͪ
ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ;ΒͰ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ͹ͬͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ -FINBO;FU[DIF ͼͽͻ

̓ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͳͲͯͬ͹Βͳ͹ͼͰͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͼ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ
͸͹ͷ %$'5"
͇ͬͪΒͷ͹ͯͰͶͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽͪ͸Ͳͪ͌̓ ΒͰͻͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͬͳͼ͹͵ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹
ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͲͪͽͻͳ͹ͯ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ
ͳ

̀ͪͯͰͽͪΓͰ;ͬͰͲͳͼͪ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͷͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪͬͳͯͰͽͳKokkinis, 2016 ͼͽͻ
6
̽ͪ͸ͪͼΔͳ΀͹ͬͫͻ͹ΒͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ

ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;Ͳͪͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ &NFSTPO ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃ͰͭͪͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͪ̾͌ͳΒͪͼ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͪͼͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷͲͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ –
͇ͬͪΒ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ; ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ; ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ ͼͰ Ͳͪͯͻͱͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;̾͌ ͺ͹ͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͽͺ;͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͼ͵ͶͪΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ;͹ͬ͹Β
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸͸ͳΒͰΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸; ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͺͪ ͼͰ͸ͰͲ͸ͪΒ;ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪͳ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͻͰͯͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͻͪͲͬͳͶͰͼ;ͼͰͳ͸͹ͬͰͳͯͰΒͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͫ;ͯ;
Εͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ̾͌ͳ͌̓͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯΔͳ΀Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬͪ.
͇ͬͪΒͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͽͰͷͰΓͳͼͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻ͹ͫͰ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Βͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͷͰΌ;ͬͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪ
ͬͳͶͪ 1JTBOJ-'FSSZ 3ÕUUHFO 4BQJS 5VDLFS 8PMG ͼͽͻ
͆͹ͬͳͬͳͯ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͹ͫͳͳ
͹ͫͪͬͰͲ; ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͪ ͫ;ΘͰͽ; ̾͌ ͳ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͫͶͳͼ͵Ͱ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ ; ͯ͹ͷͰ͸; ͼͺ͹Γ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ 1JTBOJ-Ferry et al., 2016, ͼͽͻ

͈͇͊̈́̾̽́͏͈͇͈͇͇̺̺͉͇͈̾͊̈́͆͌͊̈́́̓͌̾͊̓̾͌͆́̾͠
͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͳͬͪΔͪ
͈ͳͽͪΔͰ ͹ͯͪͫͳͻͪ ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͭ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ΒͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͳͷͪͽͳ ͺ͹
ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͌̓͐Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;̾͌ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͫ͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͭͻͰͱͳͷͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳ;͵ͶͪΔͪΔͪͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͲͪ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͶͳ΁ͪ ͻ͹ͫͰ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ̓͹ͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ;͸Ͱ͵͹Β͹ͯͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪͽͳ;ͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳͳͳͶͳ
ͺͻͰͷͰ΃ͽͪͽͳ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͰΔͪ ; ͯͻ;ͭ; ͯͻͱͪͬ; ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁; tͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹ ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͰΔͰi
ͳͶͳ
͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪͽͳ ͹ͭͻͪ͸͵Ͱ ͳͶͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ; ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ tͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸͹ ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͰΔͰi

͠ͰͬͻͰͷ͹ͬͳΕ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͳͬͪΔͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͼͬͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪͽͳ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͰͼͷͰΒ;
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͳͼͽͻ͹ͱͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͸ͳͽͳ͹ͯͫͳΒͪͽͳ
ͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰ #ÕDLMJet BM ͼͽͻ͠ͰͬͻͰͷ͹ͬͳΕ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–46).
͈ͻͪͬ͸ͳͻͰͱͳͷ͌̓ͼͰͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͳͼͪ͹͵ͪ͹ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸Ͳͪ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͪ
ͬͪͲͫ͹ͭͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪͳ͸ͳͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ;
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͲͪ͸ͰΒͪͬ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ,PLLJOJT ͼͽͻ
͌ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͶ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰͼͽͳ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͯͻ;ͭͰ
΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ7
͌ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪIBSE#SFYJU ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͲ͌̓͸Ͱͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͹ͷ͸ͪͼ
ͽͪΔͳͬͪΔͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͹ͯͻͪͲͳͶ͹ ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸ͰΕͰ ͺͻͳͷͰ-
Δͳͬͪͽͳ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͹ Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ; ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;
7
͋ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;ͺͼͰ;ͯ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ– ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ
͸ͺͻ ͌̓
ͪͶͳ ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ tͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͪi ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ Armour, 2017 ͼͽͻ 12).

ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ – Ͱ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͻͰ΁ͳͺͻ͹΁ͳͽͰͽ ͳͶͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳͶͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ ͸ͺͻ ͫ͹ͻͪͬͳ΃͸Ͱ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͰ Ͳͪ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͰ ͳͶͳ
;ͺͻͪͬ;
#ÕDLMJet BM ͼͽͻ
8 ͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͳͽͪ͵ͬͰͯͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ΃ͽ͹Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͲͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͰͷͰͻ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͋Ͱ͹
ͻͳΒͪͳ͸͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͷͰͻ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹
ͲͰͷΓͰ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ͹͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͭͯͰ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͹͸ͪ͵͹͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ Armour, Fleischer, Knapp, Winner, 2017,
ͼͽͻBöckli et BM ͼͽͻ
͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͪͺͪ͵ͷͰͻ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹;ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͺͻͰ
ͷͪͽ͹ͷͰͭͯͰΒͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ ͭͯͰͼͰ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͭͯͰΒͰ
ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸9 ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͳͬͪΔͪ ;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪ ͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͬͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͲͪͫͻͪΔ;Β;Εͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ
ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹Β͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹Βͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ
ͫ;ͯͰͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪͶ͹ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͪͷ͹ΕͳΕͰͯͪ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͹ͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͹ͬͪ ͲͰͷΓͪ ΕͰ ͺͻͰͼͽͪͽͳ ͯͪ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪͺ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ;ͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻͰͷͰͼͽͳͶͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͼͬ͹ͭ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ,PLLi-
OJT ͼͽͻ
͊ͳͼͽͰͷͳ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΕͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͹ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͪ͵͹ͳͷͪΒ;ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ #ÕDLMJet BM ͼͽͻ
͐Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͳ ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ΕͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͬ͹ͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ; ΁Ͱ͸ͳͽͳ ͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸͹ͼͽ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͻͪͯͽͪ͵ͬͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͪ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ ͫͻ͹Β͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ͪ ͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͶ

̓ͪ͵͹͹͸ͳ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸ͳ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒBΕͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳͽͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽ ͳͫͳΕͰ
ͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸B ; ͻͰͱͳͷ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͼ ͸Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͷ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹΃Ε; ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͳͪ͵͹ ͼ; ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹
͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ΂ͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ .BZFS.BO[ ͼͽͻ
̽ͪͫͳͼͰ
ͺͻͰͯ;ͺͻͰͯͳ͹ͽͪ͵ͪͬͳͼ΀͹ͯ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͺͻͰBrexit-a ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͼͬ͹Β;Ϳ͹ͻ
ͷ;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͲͰͷΓͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͳͶͳͯͪͼͰ;ͬͰͯͰͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹͹ͺͻͰͻͰͭͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳ
Βͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͳͶͳ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻ͹͵;
ͳͶͳͯͪͼͰͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͽΒ͸ͪͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸ͪ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪͯͪΕͰͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒ;
ͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪͽͳͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ -FINBO;FU[TDIF ͼͽͻ–
̓ͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͬͳͯͳͼͰ
ͳͯͪ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͫ;ͯͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͯ;ͭ͹ͬͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸Brexit-a (Armour et
BM ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪͼͺͪΒͪΔͪ
̽ͻ;ͭͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ΒͪͬΓͪ ͼͰ ; ͯ͹ͷͰ͸; ͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͼͺͪΒͪΔͪ ͆ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͬͪͬͻͼͽͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͹ͯͻͰͯͫͳ̽ͳͻͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ 10 ͵͹Βͪ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸
8
͇ͬͪΒͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͷ͹ͱͰͳΕͳ; ͹ͫͪͺͻͪͬ΁ͪͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͽͳͼͰ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͌̓ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
(Böckli et al., 2017, ͼͽͻ

9
͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͯͪ ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͸ͳͼ;
ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͽ͹; ͵͹Β͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳΕͰͼͰ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͽͳ ͬͰΕ ͯͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ͹ ͼ;͵͹ͫ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪͳͷͪΒ;
͵Γ;΂͸; ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ̀ͰͷΓͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͷͪΒ; Βͪͼ͸͹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸; ͬͰͻͲͳΒ; ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͳ͸͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂Ͱ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͲͪͯͻͱͪͶͰ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭ ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ (Gerner-Beuerle, Mucciarelli,
Schuster & Siems, 2017 ͼͽͻ26).
10
Council Directive 2009/133/EC of 19 October 2009 on the common system of taxation applicable to mergers,
divisions, partial divisions, transfers of assets and exchanges of shares concerning companies of different Member

͹ͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸;ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͯͪͼͰͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ͸ͪ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁͈ͪ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΂͸͹ ͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰͷͳͲ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ
ΔͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭͼͺͪΒͪΔͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;̽ͳͻͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ ͸ͳͽͳΕͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͼͺͪΒͪΔͰͼ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳ
Β͹ͷͬͪ͸̾͌ͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽ͹;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ 4DIJMMJOH ͼͽͻ
̓ͪ͹ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͲͪ
͹ͯͫͳΒͪΔͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͪͬͳͯͳͼͰͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊;ͯͪͺͻͪͬͯͰ̾͌ ͵ͪ͹ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͪͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ͷͫͳͼͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͶ͹ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰͺ;ͽͰͷͼͺͪΒͪΔͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͲ
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͬͪ͸̾͌ 4DIJMMJOH ͼͽͻ
͈͹ΒͪͬͳͶͰͼ;ͼͰͳͯͳͶͰͷͰ;
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͰͺͻͰͳͲͶͪͼ͵ͪ͌̓ͳͲ͌͸ͳΒͰ ͪ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳ͹͵͹͸΂ͪ͸Ͱͯ͹
ͯͪͽ;ͷͪͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ̓͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͻͳͲͳ͵;Β;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͲͪͭͶͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͶͳͷͫ; ͭͯͰͼͰͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͹͵͹͸΂ͪΔͰ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰ "SNPVS et BM ͼͽͻ
̓͹͸ͪ΂ͪ͸
ͳͼ΀͹ͯ ͲͪͬͳͼͳΕͰ ͹ͯ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͲͰͷΓͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ; ͵͹Β͹Β ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ
͉Ͱ΃ͰΔͰͼͰͬͳͯͳ;ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔ;͹ͬͳ΀ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷͯͪΒͰͺͻͰBrexit-a ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ͯͪͼ;
ͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸ͳͼͬͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ(Armour et BM ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ͹ͳͲͳͼ͵;ΒͰ
ͬ͹Γ;͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪ;͸Ͱͼ;ͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͻͰ΃ͳͶͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻͰ͵͹
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭͼͺͪΒͪΔͪͼ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷͳͲͽͻͰΕͰͲͰͷΓͰ Armour et BM ͼͽͻ–29).
͍ͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱ;ͼͶ;ͭͰ
͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪΕͰ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;͌̓͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͽͳͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͳͲͶͪͼ͵͹ͷͳͲ͌͸ͳΒͰͫͰͲ
ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͭ;ͫͳͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͯ͹ͷͰ͸;ͬͻ΃ͰΔͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͭͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͸ͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ tΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͺͪͼ͹΃ͪi
̈́͹ͭͳ͵ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͪͲͪ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͫͪͬΓͪ ;ͼͬͪ͵͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ
΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫ ͬͰΕͼͰͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ; ΒͰͯ͸͹Β͹ͯΔͳ΀ͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ΔͰͼͰ͹ͫͪͬΓͪͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ; ͼͬͳͷ
͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ "SNPVS ͼͽͻ/FNFD[FL1JU[ ͼͽͻ3JOHF ͼͽͻ
ͅͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷΒͰ
Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ ͸ͪ ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔ; ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ ͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ ͹ͯ ΀ͪͻͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͳ
͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ .PMPOFZ ͼͽͻ
̓͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͷ ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β; ͼͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ ;΃ͽͰͯͰ ΒͰͻ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͯͪ Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ; ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱ
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ;ͼͬͪ͵͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳͺ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫ ,PLLJOJT ͼͽͻ-FINBO;FU[DIF ͼͽͻ

́ͲͶͪͼ͵͹ͷͼΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ;ͲͯͻͷͪͶͪͫͳͼͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒ
ͼ͵͹ͭ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Β; ͫͳ ͻͪͯ͹ ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͳ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ
ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ; ͌̓ ͳ ͺͻͰ͵͹ Δͳ΀ ͼͽͳ΂; ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͌ͼͶͰͯ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͬ͹ ͫͳ ͫͳͶͪ ͼͬͰ ͷͪΔͰ ͪͽͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪ
̓PLLJOJT ͼͽͻ

͊ͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͰͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰͲͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;̾͌ /FNFD[FL
1JU[ ͼͽͻ18–22)͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰͲͪͽͻͪͱͳ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰͰ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͻͰͱͳͷͪͼͻͰͱͳͷ͹ͷ̾͌͆ͪͳͷͰ ͳͲͶͪͼ͵͹ͷͳͲ̾͌ ͌̓ͫͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹tͽͻͰΕͪͯͻͱͪͬͪiͼͪͪͼͺͰ
͵ͽͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪͳͷ͹ͻͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͺͻͳͫͪͬΓͪͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷ;;ͼͬͪ͵͹Β΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;͵͹Β͹Β͸ͪͷͰͻͪͬͪ
ͯͪͺͻ;ͱͪ;ͼͶ;ͭͰ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͼͽ͹Βͳ͸ͪͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΔ;ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰ;ͽͬͻͯͳ
States and to the transfer of the registered office of an SE or SCE between Member States (codified version), OJ L
͸͹ͬͰͷͫͪͻ2009, ͼͽͻ. 34–46.

Ͱ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͻͰͱͳͷͪͼͻͰͱͳͷ͹ͷ̾͌11 ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳ͹ͬͪ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͰͲͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͼͰͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͳͼ͵ͻͰ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͫ͹ΒͪͲͪ͸ͯͪΕͰͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͯͪΕͰͼͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳͲͪ͵ͪͱΔͪͬͪΔͰ͌̓ͳͶͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͽͳ
ͲͪΔͰ ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ .PMPOFZ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͯͪ ͼ; ͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͳ ͳ ͯͪ ΕͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͳ ͺͻͰͬͪͭ; ͸ͪͯ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳͷͪ "SNPVS ͼͽͻ3JOHF
͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸͹̓ͻͪΓͰͬͼͽͬ͹ͼͺͪͯͪ;ͻͰͯ
ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;ΔͰͭͪͳ̾͌ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;͹ͫͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯͪͺͻ͹͸ͪΌ;ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͿ͹ͻ
ͷͪͶ͸͹ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷͪ ͪ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͯ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͽͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; 3JOHF ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪΒͰͲͪͼͬͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͼͳͶͰ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼ; ͽͻͪͱͳͶͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ Ͱ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ "SNPVS
ͼͽͻ-FINBO;FU[DIF ͼͽͻ
ͅ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͺͪͱΔͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽͳͫͶͪͭ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͪͰ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͳͲͶͪͼ͵ͪ͌̓
͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͫͳ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ͬͪ͵;;ͷ
;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͼͰͬͻ΃ͳͺͻͰͷͪͼͽͪΔ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ;ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ
ͺͪΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹͌̓͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͳ͹ͯͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͪ͵͹ͼͰ͸Ͱͳͼͺͻͪͽͳ
ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ "SNPVS ͼͽͻ–#ÕDLMJet BM ͼͽͻ
̸͵͹
͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ͸ͰͯͪͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͼͪͷͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͺͻͰ;Ͳͷ;ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ
ͽͳͬ; ͳ ͻͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;Β; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͳͷͪͶͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; 3JOHF ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͳͷͰͻ ΒͰ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ; ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͵͹ͭͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͼͽͰ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
ͺͪͼ͹΃; 4DIJMMJOH ͼͽͻ

͊ͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳ
͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳ͌̓ ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͪ
ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͳͶͳͼ;ͼͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒ͹ͺͽͳͷͪͶ͸ͳΒͳͿ͹ͻ;ͷͲͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͳ
ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪͲͫ͹ͭͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ΃͵͹Εͪ͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͼͰͳ
ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;ͶͳͼͪͶ͹ ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ͹ͷͲͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͫͳ ͼͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͰͽͰ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͽͲͬͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͽ;ͻͳͲͪͷ
͉Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͲͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪ͸͹ͺ;ͽͰͷ
΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͭͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ͹͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭͼ;ͯͪ -FINBO;FU[DIF
ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͳ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ ͼͽͰ΂ͪΒͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͳͬ͹; ̾͌ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ ΒͰ ͌ͻͰͯͫ͹ͷ ͹ ͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷͪ 12
͢Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ
ΒͰ;ͼͬͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͉ͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ#MPDL--JFC ͼͽͻ
̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͰ΂͹
ͪ͵ͽ;͵͹ΒͳͼͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰ ͳͲͶͪͼ͵͹ͷͳͲ̾͌͹͸͸ͰΕͰͳͷͪͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͌̓
͋ͳͷͰͼͰͻͰͱͳͷͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͳͲͬͻ΃ͰΔͪͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͺͻͰͫͪ΁;ΒͰ;ͯ͹ͷͰ͸͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ
11
̾͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͳ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͯͪ ;ͻͰͯͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͽͻͰΕͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ̾͌ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΒ; ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ͼ
Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͷͪͳͲͽͻͰΕͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͳͲͬ͹Ͳ
Moloney, 2017, ͼͽͻ13).
12
3FHVMBUJPO &6
PG UIF &VSPQFBO 1BSMJBNFOU BOE PG UIF $PVODJM PG .BZ PO JOTPMWFODZ
QSPDFFEJOHT0+- Β;͸ ͼͽͻ. 19–72͌ͻͰͯͫͪͼͰͫͪͬͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͷ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭͼͽͰ΂ͪΒͪ ͽΒ
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͯ;ͱ͸ͳ͵ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͳͶͳͺ͹ͬͰͻͳ͹΁ͳͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪͯͻ;ͭ;ͯͻͱͪͬ;;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;
͸ͪ͹͸;;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͯ;ͱ͸ͳ͵ͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ ƀPMPWJǀ ͼͽͻ

ͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ 4DIJMMJOH ͼͽͻ
ͳͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪtͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺͪͻͽͳ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪͷͼͽͰ΂ͪ-
Β͸ͳ΀ͻͰͱͳͷͪi 6OHFSFS ͼͽͻ
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΒͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͰΕͰ͹ͼ͹
ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ͌ͻͰͯͫͪ 6OHFSFS ͼͽͻ

ͳ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵;͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͳͲͬͻ΃ͰΔͪͼ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͭͻ;ͺͪ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͼͰ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽ #MPDL--JFC ͼͽͻ,PLLJOJT ͼͽͻ

͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͰΕͰͬͪͱͳͽͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͳͬͪΔͪ ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͼͰͶͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ;
͌̓ ͻͪͯͳ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪ ; ͽ͹Β ͲͰͷΓͳ ΂ͳͷͰ ΕͰ ͼͰ ͹͵͹͸΂ͪͽͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͪ ͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭ
ͽ;ͻͳͲͷͪ -FINBO;FU[DIF ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ΂ͪ͵ͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ;͈̾̾ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͳͲ͌̓͸ͰΕͰͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͹Εͳͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͌ͻͰͯͫ;ͯͪͫͳͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪͶͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭͼͽͰ΂ͪΒͪ ΒͰͻ
͌ͻͰͯͫͪ͸ͳΒͰͪ͵ͽͼͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͰͷͲ͈ͪ̾̾ "SNPVSet BM ͼͽͻ
͋ͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͻ;ͭͰ͵͹͸
ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳ͌̓ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͶ͹͸ͳ ΒͰͻ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͼͽͰ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪ
͸ͪͼ͸ͪͭ;13 ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸͹̓ͻͪΓͰͬͼͽͬ͹ΒͰ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͶ͹6/$*53"-ͷ͹ͯͰͶͲͪ͵͹͸ ͪͶͳͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͲ
͈̾̾ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΕͰ͹ͬͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͷ͹ͻͪͽͳͯͪͼͰͻͰ΃ͰͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ,PLLJOJT
ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͉̀̓͌͐͆̀͋͢͡ͅ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͫͳͶͪͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͼ;͹
΂ͪͬͪͼͪͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰͷ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ΃ͽ͹ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͯͳͶͰͷͰ ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͬͪͯͬͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͆ͪͯͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰ;̾͌͸ͪͯͬͳͶͪͼͰͼͰ͸͵ͪ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ΒͰͻ͸ͳΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͰͷ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͽͳ ͪ͹͸͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓ;ΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͫ;ͯ;Εͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ
͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;͈ͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͳͷͪΒ;͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͲͪ
͌̓ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;̾͌ΒͰͫͳ͹ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸͹͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰ͊ͪͯͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͯͪ
͌̓ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͯͰ͹͌͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫͻͳͼͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͳͷͪΒ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͫ;ͯ;Εͳ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ̽ͪͶͳΕͰͽ͹ͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͼͰ΁ͪΔͰͼͬͳ΀ͬͰͲͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;͈̾̾ ͳͶͳͺͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͵͹Βͳͷ
ΕͰͼͰ;ͬͪͱͳͽͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͳ΀ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ ̺ͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͲͪͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΒͰͼͬͰͷͪΔͰ ͺͪ
ͫͳ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳͺ;ͽ͵͹ΒͳͷΕͰ͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͹ͫͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͳͷͪΒ;ͷ͸͹
ͭ͹ͯͪͳͲͭ;ͫͰͪ͵͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͸͹ͺͻͰͼͰ͵;ͼͬͰͬͰͲͰ ͪͶͳͳͯͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͳͲͳͼ͵;ΒͰ
ͺͻͪͬΓͰΔͰ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
"SNPVS +

t#SFYJUBOEGJOBODJBMTFSWJDFTUIFTJHOJGJDBODFPGUIJSEDPVOUSZFRVJWBMFODFi ;1
Jackson (ed.). #SFYJUBOEUIFJNQMJDBUJPOTGPSGJOBODJBMTFSWJDFT46&3'7JFOOB ͼͽͻ–͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹
ͼͪIUUQTXXXTVFSGPSHEPDY-"3$*&3@46&3'@@WQEG
Armour, J. (2017). #SFYJUBOEGJOBODJBMTFSWJDFT͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQTTTSODPNBCTUSBDU
13
̀ͪͯͰͽͪΓͪ͸ͺͻͰͭͶͰͯͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͼͽͰ΂ͪΒͪͬͳͯͰͽͳ͉ͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–409.

"SNPVS + 'MFJTDIFS ) ,OBQQ 7 8JOOFS .
#SFYJUBOE$PSQPSBUF$JUJ[FOTIJQ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹
ͼͰIUUQTTSODPNBCTUSBDU@JE
Block--JFC 4
t5IF6,BOE&6$SPTT-#PSEFS*OTPMWFODZ3FDPHOJUJPO'SPN&NQJSFUP&VSo-
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costa, A., Roth, M., Skog, R., Soltysinski, S., Winter, J., Winner, M., Wymeersch, E. (2017). 5IF
DPOTFRVFODFT PG #SFYJU GPS DPNQBOJFT BOE DPNQBOZ MBX ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ ͼͪ IUUQTTTSODPN BCs-
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spz20143.pdf.
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European Parliament – Directorate-general for International Policies (2017). Implications of Brexit on
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Ferran, E. (2017). 5IF6,BTBUIJSEDPVOUSZBDUPSJO&6GJOBODJBMTFSWJDFTSFHVMBUJPO ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ ͼͪ
IUUQTTSODPNBCTUSBDU
Gerner-Beuerle, C., Mucciarelli, F. M., Schuster, E. P., Siems, M. M. (2017). 8IZ%P#VTJOFTTFT*ODPS
QPSBUFJOPUIFS&6.FNCFS4UBUFT "O&NQJSJDBM"OBMZTJTPGUIF3PMFPG$POGMJDUPG-BXT3VMFT͈ͻͰ;ͲͰ
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t͈ͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͳͬͪΔͰi ;̺ͪͅͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ̺͉ͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͋͠Ͱͬ
ͻͰͷ͹ͬͳΕ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳἘ͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯͻͪͬ͸ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͰͽ͌͸ͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͼͽͻ–88.
Kokkinis, Andreas (2016). 5IF JNQBDU PG #SFYJU PO UIF MFHBM GSBNFXPSL GPS DSPTTCPSEFS DPSQPSBUF
BDUJWJUZ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQXSBQXBSXJDLBDVL
Lehmann, M., Zetzsche, D. A. (2016). #SFYJUBOEUIFDPOTFRVFODFTGPSDPNNFSDJBMBOEGJOBODJBMSFMBUJ
POTCFUXFFOUIF&6BOEUIF6,͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQTTSODPNBCTUSBDU
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-BX+PVSOBM, 17 ͼͽͻ–͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQXXXHFSNBOMBXKPVSOBMDPNCSFYJU-supplement.
Moloney, N. (2017). #SFYJU UIF&6BOEJUTJOWFTUNFOUCBOLFSSFUIJOLJOHFRVJWBMFODFGPSUIF&6DBQJUBM
market͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQTTTSODPNBCTUSBDU

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Pisani-Ferry, J., Röttgen, N., Sapir, A., Tucker, P., Wolff, G. B. (2016). &VSPQFBGUFS#SFYJU"QSPQPTBMGPS
BDPOUJOFOUBMQBSUOFSTIJQ ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQTDFTGBTIBSWBSEFEVVQMPBETGJMFT3FQPSUT-Articles/
Europe-after-Brexit.pdf.
͉ͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ̺
͊ͽͰ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹–͵Δͳͭͪͯͻ;ͭͪ8PSME#BOL(SPVQ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
Ringe, W. G. (2017). 5IF *SSFMFWBODF PG #SFYJU GPS UIF &VSPQFBO 'JOBODJBM .BSLFU ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ ͼͪ
IUUQTTTSODPNBCTUSBDU
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, 20 ͼͽͻ–͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹
ͼͪIUUQSFWJTUBTVOFEFTJOEFYQIQ3%6/&%BSUJDMFWJFX
Schillig, M. (2016). $PSQPSBUF-BXBGUFS#SFYJU. ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQTTTSODPNBCTUSBDU.
6OHFSFS +
t#SFYJUWPO#SÛTTFMVOEEFOBOEFSFO*;73-/IPR-Verordnungen zum Internationa-
len Zivilverfahrens-VOE1SJWBUSFDIUi ; M. Kramme, C. Baldus, M. Schmidt-,FTTFM )STH
#SFYJUVOE
EJFKVSJTUJTDIFO'PMHFO /PNPT7FSMBHTHFTFMMTDIBGUNC)$P,(#BEFO- #BEFO ͼͽͻ–320.
8FOEMBOE .
t%JF"VTXJrkungen des Brexit auf das EVSPQÅJTDIF8FUUCFXFSCTSFDIUi ; M.
Kramme, C. Baldus, M. Schmidt-,FTTFM )STH
#SFYJUVOEEJFKVSJTUJTDIFO'PMHFO Nomos Verlagsge-
TFMMTDIBGUNC)$P,(#BEFO- #BEFO ͼͽͻ–260.
͈ͻͪͬ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ
Council Directive 2009/133/EC of 19 October 2009 on the common system of taxation applicable to
mergers, divisions, partial divisions, transfers of assets and exchanges of shares concerning companies
of different Member States and to the transfer of the registered office of an SE or SCE between Member
States (codified version), 0+- ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͪͻ ͼͽͻ–46.
3FHVMBUJPO &6
PG UIF &VSPQFBO 1BSMJBNFOU BOE PG UIF $PVODJM PG .BZ PO
JOTPMWFODZQSPDFFEJOHT0+- Β;͸ ͼͽͻ9–72.

160

ALEKSANDRA D. VIŠEKRUNA

#3&9*5 AND 5)& NEW IMAGE OF EU CORPORATE WORLD

SUMMARY
The United Kingdom has emerged as one of the leading EU countries in the area of business law –
during the formation of the company (due to the lack of minimum capital requirements), as well as during
the cessation of companies due to a large number of available options for financially distressed companies.
The process of withdrawal of the UK from the EU membership has raised the issue how this will affect the
position of companies that have used benefits of the British legal regime and how the image of the new
corporate world in the EU will further be developed. This is especially important for the issues of the estab-
lishment of freedom and for the insolvency procedures, i.e. the application of Regulation on insolvency
proceedings. The answer depends on the manner in which Brexit will be performed. The theory has develo-
QFEUISFFQPTTJCMFNPEFMTiIBSE#SFYJUu UIF6,MFBWFTXJUIPVUBOZGVSUIFSBHSFFNFOUCFZPOE8TO agre-
FNFOUT
iTPGU#SFYJUu UIF6,SFNBJOTJOUIFTJOHMFNBSLFUUISPVHI&'5"BOE&&"NFNCFSTIJQ
PSCJMa-
UFSBMBHSFFNFOUCFUXFFOUIF6,BOE&6DPVOUSJFT5IFiIBSE#SFYJUuXPVMEIBWFUIFIBSEFTUJNQBDUPOUIF
future business relations between the UK and EU. Namely, this type of exit means the loss of benefits accru-
ed from the Single market membership, i.e. freedom of establishment in the Member State, cross-border
mergers. The major impact will certainly be on the market for financial services, where the MPTTPGiQBTTQPr-
UJOHSJHIUTuNFBOTUIBUUIF6,DPNQBOZXPVMEIBWFUPPCUBJOMJDFOTFJOFBDI.FNCFS4UBUFJOPSEFSUP
provide financial services on its territory. This also means that London would lose some of its attractiveness
as an access point to the SJOHMF.BSLFUGPSGPSFJHODPNQBOJFT*OUIFEPNBJOPGJOTPMWFODZMBX iIBSE#SFYJUu
means that the European Insolvency Regulation (EIR) would no longer apply and recognition and
FYFDVUJPOPGDPVSUEFDJTJPOTXPVMECFDPOEVDUFEUISPVHIOBUJPOBMMBXT5IFiTPGU#SFYJUuXPVMENFBOUIBU
the UK retains EEA membership and has all the benefits of the Single Market access in the domain of
DPNQBOZMBXBOEGJOBODJBMMBXSFHVMBUJPO)PXFWFS &*3XPVMEOPMPOHFSBQQMZCFDBVTFJUTUFYUIBTOP&&"
relevance. The major problem with this form of exit would be the lack of influence on the decision-making
process in the EU, while having the obligation to implement all the legislation. The bilateral agreement
approach can have various forms. Nevertheless, it is possible that negotiators would use tailor-made agree-
ment that reflects the undeniable ties between the two entities.
,&:803%4 Brexit, the EU, company law, insolvency law.
161

̸̸̸̺͋͋͆͌̈́́ͣ͠ͅ1
̸̸͉͉͇̺͋͊́͋́ͣͅͅ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͆ͳ΃; ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̽Ͱͺͪͻͽͷͪ͸Ͳͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ͹
̸̸̹͇͋̈́́̽́̀͏̸̸̸͈͉̹͇́͑͋̾͌͊́́̓͠͠ͅ
͈͇͊̈́̾̽́͏̸̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͈͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵99*ͬͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹ΒͰͻͪͼͽ;Εͳͫͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪͼͬ;ͯͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͺͪͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ

ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͹ͬ;ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒ;ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ͆ͪ͹ͬ;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;
;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳͼ; ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͽͳ͸ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸;ͻͰ΂͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͼ; ͷͰΌ;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷͶͳͼ
ͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳ ͪ ͼͪͷͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͽͳͻͪͱͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͰ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲ;ͯͪΒͰ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪͲͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸; ͸Ͱͭ͹Ͳͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸;΃ͽͪͷͺ;̻̀ͪͳͯͰ͸ͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͳͷͪͯ;ͫΓͰ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ– tͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯ͹΃ͪ͹͸ͳ͹ͽ͵;ͯͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͼͬ;ͭͯͰi ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ
200
͇ͽ;ͯͪΒͰ ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͼͪͷͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ ͳ ;͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳ ̀ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΕͰͷ͹ ͺͰͽ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;, ̹Ͷͳ΁,
̽ͪ͸ͪͼ, ̓;ͻͳͻ ͳ ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ ͳ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ ͷͪͻ͵ͳͻͪͽͳ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸Ͱ
͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͰͳͬͰͼͽͳͼͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͬͰͼͽ
̺͇͌̽
̽͹͵ΒͰ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸͹ͬͳͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͯ͹͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͲͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼ;;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳͶͰͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͰ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰ ͺͻͰͷͻͰͱͰ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͬͰͽͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱ ͽͻͪͱͰΕͳ;ͺ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰͲͪ
͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪΒ;ΕͳͽͻͰ͸ͯͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹ͷͪͽͻͳ΁ͳFTTF FTUQFSDipi – ͫͳͽͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͫͳͽͳ͹ͺͪͱͰ͸3͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͯ͹͸ͰͶ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸;ͬͪͱͰΕ;Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵;– Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵;
͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͹ͫͳΓͪͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͪͫͪͬͰ;͵͹ͷͰͼͰͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷ͹ͷ
1
tatjana.vulic@filfak.ni.ac.rs
2
͉ͪͯΒͰ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪͫͻ͹Β͵͹ΒͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
3
͍;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ ͦ͹ͻΘ̹ͪͰͻ͵ͶͳΒͪ ͳͻͼ͵͹ͭ ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͪͳͽͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪ-
ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͯͰͪͶͳͲͷͪ
162
̺͌̈́́ͣ ͉͇̺́͋́ͣ͋ͪͫͅͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͊͊͊ ͼͰ͵ͼ ͼͺ͹ͻͽ ͼ͵ͪ͸ͯͪͶ
ͺ;͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͳͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͶͪ΂͵ͳt;͵;ͼiͷͰͯͳ
ΒͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ ͸ͪ ̸Ͷͽͪ΃ͪͶ͹ͬ͹Β
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͼͶ;ͱͰ ͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͺͶͪΕͪΒ; ̽ͪͶͳ ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪ
΂͹ͬͰ͵ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͲͪͰͽͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ
ΒͰ΃ͰΕͰͻ͸͹ͷͬ͹ͯͳ΁͹ͷ͵͹Β;͸ͪͷ͸;ͯͰͷͪΒͼͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͺͼͰ͸Ͱ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͷͪͶ͹-ͺ͹ͷͪͶ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͫͳΕͪ͵ͪ͹
ͪͷ͹ͻͿ͸; ͷͪͼ; ͵͹Βͪ ͸Ͱ ͷͳͼͶͳ ͳ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵; ͼͬͰͼͽ ͹ ͹͸͹ͷͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͸ͪͷ ͼͰ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͎Ͱͻͷͪ͸ ͳ
ͅͰ͵΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ
Ͳͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͯͪΕͰͼͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͷͪΔͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪͶͳͯͪΕͰ;ͽ͹ͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;
΂ͪ͵ͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͭ͹ΌͰ͸ͰͲͫ͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰͬ͹ͯͰΕͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ́
ͯ͹͵ͼͰ΂ͳͽͪͬͼͬͰͽ͸ͰͲͪͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͷͰΔͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪΒͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵͸͹ͬ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ
͸ͳ͹ͳͼͬ͹Β͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͲ͸ͪΔ;͌ͱͰΓͳͳͳͼ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͬͰͽ;ͳͯ͹ͭͪ
ΌͪΒͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪͼ ͹͵ͻ;ͱ;Β; ͹͸ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͺ;͵ͳ ͼͪ͵;ͺΓͪ΂ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ – ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ ͼͪͷͪ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ;͸ͰͲ͸ͪΔͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲͬͳ
ΒͰ͸ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͐͹ͬͰ͵ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͯ͹ͫͪ ͼͬͰ ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͯͪ ͳͷͪ
ͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼͽ ͳ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵; ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁; ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͵͹͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͽͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͬͰͷ; ΃ͽ͹
ͷͰͯͳΒͳ͸;ͯͰ̓͹ͬͪ΂ͳ͉͹ͲͰ͸ͼͽͳͶ
͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸;ͼͬͻ΀;͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃;ͯ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ΕͰ ͫͳͽͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͳ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽͳ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
ͯ͹ͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͪͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͬͰΕ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ͸͹ͬͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͼͬͰͼͽ Ͱͽͳ͵; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͈ͶͪͼͳͻͪΔͰͷ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ
͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;Β;;ͼͺͪͬͪ͸;ͷͪͼ; ͵͹Βͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͬ͹ΓͰ͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͪ ΂;ͬͪͳͶͳͽͻͪͱͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;͹ͯͻͰ
ΌͰ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͽͬͻͯͳ ̸ͻͪ΁͵ͳ
t;ͺ͹ͻ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΔͰͷ Ϳ͹ͻͼͳͻͪΔͰͷ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰͷͪ ͳ ͼͶͳ͵ͪ <w> ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓ;Β; ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ‫Ͱͯތ‬ͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹-
ͪ͸ͽͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹‫ތ‬, ‫ތ‬Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ‫ތ‬, ‫ͳͬͳ΁ތ‬ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ‫ތ‬, ‫ތ‬͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ‫ތ‬,
‫ތ‬ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ‫ͼͳ ތ‬Ͷ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ‫͵ͼͽͰͬͼތ‬͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͭͷΔͰΔͪ‫ތ‬i ̸ͻͪ΁͵ͳ ͼͽͻ8).
̽ͰͷͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪΒͰͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͺͻͬ͹͵ΔͳͭͰ ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͻͪͯͳΒͪͳͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒ;ͳͯͰΒͪ;ͼͬͳͷͺͻͪͬ΁ͳͷͪͳ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͭ; Ͳͪ ;ͫͻͲͪ͸; ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ́͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͰ
ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ ͳ ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ ͼ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ ͯͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͼͪͯͪͳ͹ͯͷͪ΀ͫ;ͯ;ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳͫͳͶ͹͵͹ͷ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵;͸ͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳ͌ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͳͼ;ͳͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͬͰΕͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪͷͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;̓ͪ͹ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶͪ͸
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵ͻͰ͸;ͶͪΒͰ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹;ͻͪͭͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷ ͵ͻͳͲͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͰͳͼͪͷͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͫͻͱͳͷ;ͺͶͳͬ͹ͷͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͺ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪ΃Ͷͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ̻Ͷ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ ͸͹ͬͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷͳͲ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͪͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ;͵͹Β͹ΒͲͫ;ΔͰ
͸ͳ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͽͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͽ;ͷͪͻͪtͪͬ͠͸͹ͼͽΒͰ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸ͪͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ΃ͽͪͼͰ
ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ ͳ ΃ͽͪ ͼͰ ͼ ͽͳͷ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ ;ͻͪͯͳͽͳi ͪͅ͸ͯͰͻ ͳ ̻͹Ͷͯͼͷͳͽ ͼͽͻ
͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͳͯͪ͸Ͱͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͯͪͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ
ͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ΂;ͯͳͷͪ ;
͸ͪ΃Ͱͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͰ;͸͹ͼͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ̓ͪ͵͹͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱt͌͵ͳͯͪΒ;ΕͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵;ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁;
163
ͼͬͰͼͰͽ͹ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͪ΃ͳͷ͹΂ͳͷͪ
ͳͺͼͳ΀ͳ΂͵;ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͷ͹ͱͯͪΕͰͷ͹ͷͳͫͳͽͳͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ

͹͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹͹ͼͬͪΒͪΒ;͸ͪ΃ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͪͶͳͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͸ͪͬͳ͵Ͱ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͰͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪi ͠Ͱͬ
ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͫͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͳ ͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ ΁ͳΓ ͳ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹
ͯͪ͸ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͯͰͶͪΔͪ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸́́̾̽́́͠͠ͅ
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹Βͪ΃Δͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳ;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪΒͼͺ͹ͻ͸ͳ
Βͳ΀ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪtͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯ͹΃ͪ͹͸ͳ͹ͽ͵;ͯͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ ͼͬ;ͭͯͰi
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͼͽͻ
͈͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸͹ ͳ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͸ͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͪ
ͳͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒ;΂ͰͼͽͪͶͳΒͳ΀ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ;͵ͪ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ,
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳͲͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ;ͭͶͪ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ΒͰ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͯͰͪͶ͹ͷΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͻͪͲͷͰ͸͹ͷͳͯͰΒͪ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪΓ;ͯͳ͈͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͼ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ͵ͻͪΒΔͳ΁ͳΓͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰ
͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͌ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͽͰͶͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͪ
ͬͪͼͪͷͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ͳͲͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ;ͭͶͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸͹ͭͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ– ͳͯͰΒ; ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͌ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͺ͹ͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͵͹;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ
΁ͳΒͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ̻ͪ̀ͪͳͯͰ͸ͼͪͫͳͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Βͪͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹tΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹
;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͪͷͰͼͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β;ͯͪΓͰ
͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹i ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͼͽͻ

ͅͰΌ; ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͹ͺͻͰ΂͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ͹ ͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊
ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͺͽͳͷͳͼͽͳͲͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰͯͪͼͬͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͼͽͬͪ
ͻͪΒ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͫ͹Γͳ ͳ ͫͻͱͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͪ ͼͪͷͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͯ͹
ͺͻ͹΁ͬͪͽͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ;ͼͬͰͽ;̸͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ; ͯͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͵ͪ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͷ͹Εͳ
͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͳͼͪΔ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪΒͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͰͷͳͽͰͻͪ́ͪ͵͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͪͬͰͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ
ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ Βͪͼ͸͹ͳͼ΁ͻͽͪ͸ͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪͳ΀͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͹ͯͬͪΒͪͽͳ
͉ͪ͸ͽͪ͸Ͱ͸
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬΓͪͶͳͳͶͳͷͳ͸ͳͷͳͲͳͻͪͶͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͷͰͯͳΒͪ
͸ͪ ΁Ͱ͹ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ ; ͬͰͲ; ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵; ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ; ͸Ͱ ;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ
͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸; ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ
ͷͰͯͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͹ΒͰ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͰͺ͹ͶͪͬͰ͵ͪ ͪͅ͵Ͷ;ͪ͸
ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ΕͳtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹
ͼͰͶ͹iͼͪͼͶ͹ͭͪ͸͹ͷtͷͰͯͳΒΒͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪi͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪͽͪͯͪͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͳͰͿͰ͵ͪͽͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͳͼ;΂ͰΓͪͬͪΔͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪͳͪ͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽ͇ͪ͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹ ͯͪΒͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;Ͳͻ͹
͵͹ͬͪͶͪͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪͳͼͪͷ͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;͍ͳͯͶͰͻ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻ
ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹Β;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰ;ͼͶͰͯͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͭͯͰΒͼͽͬͪͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͵͹͸͵;
ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪ Β͹΃ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ
164
ͷͰͯͳΒͪͷ͹ͻͿ͹Ͳͪ͌ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;99*ͬͰ͵ͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪͼͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΁ͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;
͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͼͪͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͪͼͪͷ͹ͪ͵͹ͼͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͳͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ͊ͬͰ͹ͼͳͷͽͻͱͳ΃
͸ͰͳͼͺͶͪͽͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ; ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͪͫͪͬͪͳ
΃͹͵ͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͯ͹͵ͼͰͼͪͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͫͪ΁ͪ ;ͲͪͺͰΕͪ͵ ͌ͺͶͳͬ͹ͷ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ;
͸͹ͬͳͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷ ͺ͹΂ͰͶͪΒͰͯͪͫ;Βͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸͹͵ͻͳͲͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ́͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹͸ͰͶͪ͸ͰͲͪͯͻͱͳͬͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹-
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͪ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳͶͳͷͰͯͳΒͰͳͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼͪͲ͸ͪͼͪͯͪͳ͹ͯͷͪ΀;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͭ;ͻ͸;Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ͹;͸ͰͲͪͯͻͱͳͬ;ͫ;Βͳ΁;
ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͳͽ͹͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͯ͹ͽͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳ ͬͰΕ;ͼͬͳͷͷͰͯͳ
Βͳͷ͈ͪ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͽͶ͹ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͽͻͰ͸ͯ;ΒͰͼ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯͪ͸ͪͼͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳͲͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ̸ͼͺͰ͵ͽͳ͵͹Βͳ
;ͽͳ΂; ͸ͪ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ΒͰͼ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳ͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͬͰͲ;ΒͰͲͪ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪ̓͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽΒͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͳ΂ͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸͹ͺͼͰ͸͹ͷ
Ͳͪ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁Ͱͯͪ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͷͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͯͳͻΓͳͬͳ΀ ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͽͪͫ;-ͽͰͷͰ ͯͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͳͲͪ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͭ
ͷͪͶ͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͸;ͯͰͼͰͫͻͲͪͻͪͲΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͳͲͪ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ
ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͰͯ͹ Ͳͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸;΃ͽͪͷͺ; ͸ͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͽͳͻͪͱͪ
̸̸̹͇͋̈́́̽́̀͏̸̸͉͈͈́͊͊̓̾͑͋̾͠ͅ
͑ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͆ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͼͰͺ͹ͯͺ͹Β
ͷ͹ͷ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶ͹ͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ;ͷ͸͹ͱͪͬͪͶ͹͸ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͻͼ͵͹ΒͺͻͰͼͳ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͬͪΒͺ͹Βͪͷ
ͫͶͳͱͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͳ͹ͺͻͰͯ͵ͻͪΒ97***ͬͰ͵͇ͪͯͽͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͯͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ̹ΒͰͶͳ΁ͪͳ͠Ͱͬ
ͽ͹ͬͳΕ
ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ͼͪͷ͹ ͹͸ͪͳͲͯͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ ͪ ͽ͹ ͼ;͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳ
΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳ
͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ΒͪͬͳͶ͹ͼͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ4 ͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͼͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͺͰͽͺͰͻͳ
͹ͯͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͰ͸ͳͺͻͰͼ QFOOZpress
ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ ͯ͹͎ͫͪͰͻ΁ͪͳ͈;Ͷͳ΁Ͱͻͪ
͵ͻͪΒ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ ΘͰͲ KB[[
ͱ;ͻ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͫ͹ͻͫͪͼΒͪ΂ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͰͷ–
ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒ͹ͷ ͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ 99 ͬͰ͵ͪ ͳ ͵ͻͪΒ 99 ͳ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ 99* ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪ ͵ͪ͹
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͰͬͰΕͳͯͻ;ͭͰͷͰͯͳΒͰ ͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹
ͬͳΕ
́ͪ͵͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͳͼͪͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ͵;ͷͳͷͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ͹ͯ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳ
Β;ͳͷͪ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͳͯͪΓͰͫͳͽͳͼͪΔͰ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;̀ͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ͹;ͭͶͪͬ
͸͹ͷͼͰ ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͺͰΒ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͳͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͰͳͷͰͯͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ
͸;ͯͳ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͿͪ͵ͪͽͪ ͪͽͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͰͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ
Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͭͻͪͿͳ΂͵͹ͷ͹ͺͻͰͷ͹ͷͳ͸ͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺͳͼͪΔͰͷ͈ͻͬͳͺ;ͽΒͰͻͰ΂ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ
;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͰ͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸ΒͰͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳͲͿͪͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͭͪΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͹͎Ͱ͸ͻͳ
4
͈ͻͬͳͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ– The8PSME ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

̺ͰͶ͵͹ͷ ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵Ϳͪͻͷͪ΁Ͱ;ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵;ΕͰt#VSSPVHIT8FMMDPNF$Pi͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ͷͪͶͰͽͪͫͶͰͽͰ
͵͹ΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͰͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͲͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͭͶͰ͵ͪ ͪͅͶ͹ͬͳΕ

͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͪ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ̓ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ
ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱͳ΀͵ͪ͹
͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ tͻͪͯͳ ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ ͳ ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;ͳͻͪ͸ ; ͬͳͯ; ͻ͹ͫͰi
΂ͳΒͳΕͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺͻ͹ͯͪͬͪͽͳͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ͊Ͱ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͼͪͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͽͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͺͻͰ
ͼͬͰͭͪ Ͳͪͫͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͳ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͼͪ Ͱͼͽͻͪͯ͹ͷ ͳ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͷ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͼ;
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ
̀͹ͻͪ͸͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷtͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͰͽͳͻͪΔͰi;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ
͸ͪͷͪ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪtͽ͹ΒͰͽͪΒ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͽͳͻͪͱͪ ΒͰͻͼͽͳͶ͹ͷͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸ͳͷͼͶͪͫͳΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹Β
ͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳͺͳ΃;ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͽͪͫ;ͳͷͪ Ͷͪͼ΁ͳͬ͸͹͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;Εͳͳ͸ͽͳͷͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͬ͹Βͳͷͺ͹Βͪͬͪ
ͷͪ ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂Ͱ ͺͪͱΔ; ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ;Β; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸; ͼͬͰͼͽ ͪ ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;‫ތ‬ͺͰͶͰ͸ͪͷͪ‫ ތ‬Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͪͽͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͇͸ͳ͹ͫΒͪͬ
Γ;Β;͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΒ; ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͻͰͶͪ͵ͼͳͻͪ͸ͪͳ;ͬͰ͵Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͱͰΓ͸ͪ
ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸ͰͷͪͯͳͶͰͷͪ͵ͪͯͪͲͪͼͽͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͳ͸ͽͻͳͭͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷͼͶͳ͵ͪͷͪͳͶͳ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ
͵͹Βͳ ͷͪͷͰ ͼͪ ͽͻͪͿͳ͵ͪ ̹ͰͲ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͪͿͰͻͪ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͼ͵ͪ͸ͯͪͶͪ ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͪ ͳ ͼͺ͹ͻͽͪ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ ͫͳ ͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͳ΂͸͹ ͼͽͪͽͳ ͸ͪ ͺ͹΃ͽͪ͸ͼ͵; ͷͪͻ͵; ͈ͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀
ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰΔͪͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͪ͹ΒͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͯ͹͵ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳ;ͻͪΔͪΒ;;ͯ;ͫͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳͬͪͽ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͬͰͽ ͳ͸ͽͳͷͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;Εͳ ͽͪ͵͹ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͻͳ ͽ;Όͳ΀ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽͳͬͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀
ͪ͸͹ͷͪͶͳΒͪi ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ

̓ͪ͹ ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱ Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵Ͱ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͊ͰͶͳͷͪͼ ͅͳͶͰͻ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͰ ͳ
Ͳͪͫͪͬ;΂ͳͽͪͶͪ΁ͪ ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ;͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ;΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵ͪͳͺͻͳͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΔͰ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͳͬͪ΂ͪ
̓ͪ͹ͺͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͷͪͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ Ͳͪ͵͹Β;ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͷ͹ͳͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ
΂͵ͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸ͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͼͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͽ;ͫΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽ͇ͪͲͫͳΓ͸ͪ
΃ͽͪͷͺͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪ͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪͳͺ͹Βͪͬͪͷͪ͹ͯΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͯͪΒͰ;ͬͳͯ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪ
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒͪͬ͸;ͪͭͰ͸ͯ;ͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂ͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
͇ͬͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͼͰ ͯͻͱͳ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͪ ͎ͪͫͰͻͷͪͼ
Δ; ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͹
tͷ͹ͽ͹ͻΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪiͳͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͳͷͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵;ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ ͳ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱ ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ΒͰͼͽͰ ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ; ͼͪͷ͹ͷ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ;͆ͪͳͷͰ ͼͻͱͳͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰΒͰͼͽͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ͹Βͪͬ
͸͹Β ͼͿͰͻͳ 1VCMJD *OUFSFT
ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ ; ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͷͪ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸; ͼͿͰͻ;
()VNBO *OUFSFT
͸Ͱ΂ͳΒͪ Ͷͳ΂͸ͪ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͳ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹
͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ

͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͰͯͳΒͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ΒͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͲͪ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͪͶͳͳͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͪͯͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ̀ͪͽ͹ͳͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹

̺ͳͯͰͽͳhttpwww.danas.rs/dodaci/nedelja/medijsko_reketiranje.26.html news_id
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ Β;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
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ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͪͼ͸͹ͺͻͰ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͳ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ
͈ͻͰͽͰ΂ͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶͰͼ;ͼͰ-ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ͵
ͫͳ͹ΒͰ͆ͰͯͰΓ͸ͳͽͰͶͰͭͻͪͿ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͷ͋ͰͶͰͭͻͪͿͪ ͸ͪ̽͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͽͰͶͰͭͻͪͿ ͳ͆ͰͯͰΓ͸ͳͽͰͶͰͭͻͪͿ.
͈ͻͬ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸; . ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͪͻ
͹ͬͪΒͶͳͼͽͯ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰͼͪͽͳͻͪͱ͹ͷ
͹ͯ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͯͪͽͳ΀ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵ͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ;ͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΂ͳͶ͹͵ͪ͹ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͽͪ͵ͷͪ΁ͪ ͼͪͯ͹ͽͪͯͪ
͸Ͱͺͻͳ͵͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳͷ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͳͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷ ̽͹ͷͪͲͰͽ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͬͳ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳͽͳͻͪͱͳͷͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ6̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͼ;͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳ ͵ͪ͹
΃ͽ͹ͼ;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸, ͈ͻͰͼ, ͊ͽͪͻͽ, ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;ͯ;ͭ͹͹ͺͼͽͪͶͳ͆ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ
ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ̓;ͻͳͻ7 ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳͼͬͰͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͺ͹ͽͳͻͪͱ;ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ; ͯͻͱͳ΂ͰͶ͸;ͺ͹Ͳͳ
΁ͳΒ;ͷͰΌ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͷͪ͊ͪͯͪͼͰͲͪͷͰͼͽ͹͸ͪΒͽͳͻͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͭͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪͫ͹ͻͳͼͪ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ͹ͷ8.
̹;ΒͪΔͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪͶͳͼ; ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳ Ͳͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳͼͬͳͷ
ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ;
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ ͻͪͲ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͰͻͪͼͬͰͽΓͰ͸ͳͷ
;ͫͳͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͺΓͪ΂͵ͪͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼ͵ͪ͸ͯͪͶͳͷͪͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͪͿͰͻͪͷͪ ͫͳͶͳͼ;ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͽͶ͹ͯͪ
ͼͰ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹Βͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;ͷ͸͹ͱͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳ͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͽͪͫͶ͹
ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳ͈ͻͳͷͰͽͪ͸ΒͰͳͳͲ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸;ͻͰ΂
͵ͪ͹ͳͲͪ͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺͻͪͬ͸͹͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͪͽͪͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ 9.
̀ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳΕͰͷ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͵ͳΒͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͬͰͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͯΒͪͬ
͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ;͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͷͳ͸ͪΒͽͳͻͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͇ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ
Ͳͪ΃ͽͪͷͺ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͳͽ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ– ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͯͬͪͺ͹Ͷ;
ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ– ̹Ͷͳ΁ ͳ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͳͯͬͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ– ̓;ͻͳͻ ͳ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ͇ͬͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΕͰͷ͹ͯͪ;ͽͬͻͯͳͷ͹ͯͪͶͳΒͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪ΃ͽͪͷͺ;;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͽͰͯͪͶͳͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹
ͯͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰͷ͹ͯͪΒͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳͲͰ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͪͽͳͷͰ ͸ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͳ͵ͻͳͲͰ
ͼͪͷͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ;Ͷͪͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ
6
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ ΒͰ ͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ ͯͪ ͳͲͶͪͲͳ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͳͻͪ͹ ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ tͺͻͬͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯi ͊ͽ͹ͽͳ ͫͻ͹Β
΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ΒͰ;ͽͳͻͪͱ;͹ͯͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵͈ͪͻͰͼͽͪ͹ΒͰͯͪͳͲͶͪͲͳ;ͬͻͰͷͰͬͪ͸ͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ
ͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻͪ ̀͹ͻͪ͸ͪ ͚ͳ͸ΌͳΕͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸ ̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ΒͰ ͌ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ ͼ;ͯ ͯ͹͸Ͱ͹ ͹ͯͶ;͵; ͯͪ ΒͰ
͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ͹Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪͫͳͶͪ͸Ͱ;ͼͽͪͬ͸̺ͪͳͯͰͽͳhttpwww.vreme.co.rs/cms/view.php id
&printyes, ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹Β;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
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͈ͻͬͳͫͻ͹Β̓;ͻͳͻͪ ͳͲͪ΃ͪ͹ΒͰͷͪΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͇ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ͳͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ΒͰ͉ͪͯ͹ͼͶ͉ͪͬͪΒ͉ͪ͹ͯͳΕ̽ͪ͸ͪͼΒͰͯͰ͹
Adria Media Group. ̀ͪ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ;ͼͺͰ͹ΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸Ͱͽͳͻͪͱͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬͲͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;– 200.000
ͺͻ͹ͯͪͽͳ΀ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵ͪ
8
́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ ΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͫͻͲ͹͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
9
͌ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͽ͹ͷͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͹ͫͪͬͳͶͪ͊ΔͰͱͪ͸ͪͅͳͶͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ
t͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳi̺ͳͯͰͽͳhttppescanik.net/mediji-u-srbijiͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ Β;Ͷͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
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̸̸̸̸͉̺͉͇́͊͋̿́̾͊̾̀͌̈́͋͋́́̽́͊̓͌͊́͢͠ͅͅ
͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͪ΃ ͽͪ͵͹ Ͷͪ͵͹ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ΔͰ͸ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͵͹Βͳ΀ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͹ͫͪͬͳͽͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸;ͺ͹ͯͰͶ;ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͽͳͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔ;̓͹͸ͫ͹ͳ
;͹΂ͪͬͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͯͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͽͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ;ͯͰͶͪ
ͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͪ Ͳͪͫͪͬͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ͼͽͳͶ; ͳ Ͷͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͽͰͷͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͪ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͶ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͳͬ;ͶͭͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͼͷͪΔͰΔͰ;ͯͰͶͪͬͰͼͽͳͳͲ
ͼͬͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹Βͪͬ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ ͼ͵ͻͪΕͳͬͪΔͰͺͻͳ΂ͪͳ͵͹͸ͬͰͻ
ͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͪͭͰ͸ͯ͹ͷͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯͪͼͰ ͺͻͳ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔ; ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ; Ͳͪͫͪͬ͸ͳ ͳ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ ͵͹Βͳ ; ͼͰͫͳ ͸͹ͼͰ Ͱͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ
͸ͪͫ͹Β ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;΃ͽͪͷͺͳͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ;Β;ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸͹ͪͽͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͪtͽͬͻͯͰiͬͰͼͽͳͼͰ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲ;Β;ͳͺͳ΃;
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͹ͷͳͼͽͳͶ͹ͷtͷͰ͵ͳ΀iͬͰͼͽͳ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͯͰͭͻͪͯͳͻͪΔͪͼͪͷͰ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͳͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͯΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͽͻͳͬͳΒͪͶͳͲ;Β;ͳͫͪ͸ͪͶͳ
Ͳ;Β;̀ͪ͊ͺͪͻ͵ͼͪ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͪͷ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͬͰͼͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͰ
ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͽͰͷͪ ͳ ͸ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͼͰ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ; ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͼͪͷͪ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰͯͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͰ;
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͰͷͰͯͳΒͰ
͏ͳΓͻͪͯͪΒͰͯͪ;ͽͬͻͯͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ;ͬͰͼͽͳͷͪͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ͹ͯΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ
΂ͪΒͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪΒ; ͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸͹ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ Ͳͪͫͪͬ͸͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳͼͷ͹ ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͶͳ ͽͻͰ͸ͯ
ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ
̻Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͪ– ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͺͶͳͬͪͶͪͳ;ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸;΃ͽͪͷͺ;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
ͪͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ͸ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͻ;ͫͻͳ͵Ͱ;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Β΃ͽͪͷͺͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹΃ͽͰΌͰ͸ͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳ
ͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͈͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͰ
1. ͽͻͰ͸ͯͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β΃ͽͪͷͺͳͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͼͰͳ;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹Β΃ͽͪͷͺͳ
2. ;ͬͰͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͯΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͼͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
3. ;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹Β΃ͽͪͷͺͳ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͳ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͷͪΔͳΒͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ, ̹Ͷͳ΁, ̓;ͻͳͻ ͳ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ).
̸͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ ͼͷ͹ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͳͲ ͻ;ͫͻͳ͵ͪ t͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪi t̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i t͊ͬͰͽi t̾͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪi ͳ
t͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪi͉;ͫͻͳ͵Ͱt̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪi t̀ͪͫͪͬͪiͳt͊ͺ͹ͻͽiͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰ;Δͳͷͪ
ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸͹͸ͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͳͼͪΔͰ̸͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ, ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ, ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹
ͼͽͳ, ̹Ͷͳ΁, ̓;ͻͳͻ ͳ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ– ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵ͪ
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸͇ͪͬͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹ͯͪͫͳͻ͹ͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳͶ͹ͼͷ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͰ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ
͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͳͲͶͪͲͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ̓ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͲͪ͹ͯͪͫͳͻͫͳ͹ΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͷ͹;ͬͻͼͽͳͶͳͽͪ͵͹Ͳ
ͬͪ͸;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸;΃ͽͪͷͺ; ͺ͹Ͷ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͰͳͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͰ
͋ͻͰ͸ͯͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪͶͳͼͷ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͪͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ ͬͰͼͽͳͺͳͼͪ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͷ͹ͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭͯͰΒͼͽͬͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹ͷͺͳͻͪͷͳͯ͹ͷ Ͱͽͳ͵Ͱͽͳ
ͻͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͳ͸ͪͭͪΌͪΔͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͺͳͼͪΔͪͬͰͼͽͳ ͪ͸͹͸ͳͷ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ
168
̸͈͇̈́́͋́̓
̓ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͶͳ
ͼͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪt͊ͬͰͽi t̽͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͯͪ͸ͪi t͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪi t̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i t͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪi t͊ͻͫͳΒͪi
t̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯi t͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸i ͳ t̾͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪi ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ͹ͯ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͲͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͪΒ
ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳͷ ͸ͪΒ;ͭͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͳͷͳ͸ͪΒ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͰͽͪͫͶͳͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹
͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͹ͬͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͯͪͳ΀͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽͳ͵͹͸ͪ΂ͪ͸͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ;ͬͰͲͳͼͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͬͰͼͽͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͯͪͼ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͺͪͱΔ;ͯͪΒͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶ͹ΒͰͯ͸;͸ͰͯͰΓ;
͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͸;͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ͌ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͼͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͼͷ͹ͳͼͽͪ͵ͶͳͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͲͪͫͻͳΔͪ
ͬͪΒ;Εͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼͷ͹;͹ͬ͹Β͸ͰͯͰΓͳͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͳͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͬͳͼ͹͵ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ
̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ

Β;͸ 12 41,67
Β;͸ 21 1 4,76
Β;͸ 23 2 8,69
Β;͸ 11 3 27,27
Β;͸ 1 6,67
Β;͸ 23 3 13,04
Β;͸ 11 0 0
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 116 12,93
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈ͻͳ͵ͪͲͫͻ͹ΒͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͬͰͼͽͳ;
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷ͈ͪ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ

̓ͪ͹ ͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪͬͰ΃ΕͰͷ͹ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͬͰͼͽͳ
͵͹ΒͰͼͷ͹;͹΂ͳͶͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼ;͸ͪ͵͹ͷͰͼͷ͹͹ͫͪͬͳͶͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt̽ͻ;΃
ͽͬ͹i Β;͸ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳt͇ͼͪͷͪͫͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸͸ͪͼͪΒͽ;ͺͻͰͯ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ̺͉
ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͭ ͯͪ͸ͪ Β;͸ͪ ; ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳ t͊ͬͰͽi ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ t͆ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ ;ͭ͹ͼͽͳͽͰΓ ͸͹͵ͪ;ͽͳͻͪ͹
ͭͻͪͯ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͸ͳ͵ͪi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
ͳͶͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻΒ;͸ͪ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯi ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ
ΒͰͬͰͼͽͳͯͬ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͭͻͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ͶͰͼ;ͼͰͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳt̿;ͻ͵ͪͻͰͽͻͳͬͰͻͪ͸ͪ
ͲͰͷ;͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͰΒ;i ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ̹̺
ͳtͅͻΔͪ;ͬͳ͵Ͱ͸ͯ;̓͏̻ͻͪͯi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ̹̺

̸̸̽͆͊
͌ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;;ͻ;ͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪt͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪi t̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i
t̾͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪi t̻Ͷ͹ͫ;ͼi t͆͹ͬͳ͊ͪͯiͳt͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪi ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͰͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͼ;ͽͻͳͽͪͫͶ͹ͳ
ͯ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͈ͪͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳΒͰͼͽͰ ͳ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀
͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪΒ͸ͳͱͳ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

169

Β;͸ 18 0 0
Β;͸ 24 0 0
Β;͸ 17 0 0
Β;͸ 16 2
Β;͸ 11 1 9,09
ͳΒ;͸ 10 0 0
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 96 3
͋ͪͫͰͶ͈ͪͻͳ͵ͪͲͫͻ͹ΒͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͬͰͼͽͳ;
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ

͇ͼͳͷ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ;͹΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͹ͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸Ͱ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͷ͹ ͯͪ ͹ͬͰ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ
͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͯͻͱͰͯ͹͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͳͼͬͻͼͽͪͬͪ;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳ;
͹ͬͳͷ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ;͹΂ͳͶͳ ͼͷ͹ Β;͸ͪ ; ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳ t̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ
t͋;͵ͶͳͭͪΒͰͻΒͰ͉͹ͷi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͊ͅͅ

̺͉͇̺͇̾͐̾̾͆͊͋́͢
̽͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰΒͪͼ͸͹;͹΂ͪͬͪ;ͽͪͫͰͶͳ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͫΒͪͬͳͶͰ
ͼ;ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪt͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪi t̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i t͊ͬͰͽi t͊;ͼͰͯͳi t͊ͪͼͬͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪi t͊ͻͫͳΒͪi
t̾͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪi t͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪiͳt͉Ͱͺ͹ͻͽͪͱͰi ͹ͯ΂Ͱͭͪͼ;ͷͪͻ͵ͳͻͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸Ͱ͌ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͳͷͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͬͰͼͽͳͳͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ΒͰ ̓ͪ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͻͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ
;͵ͪͲͪΕͰͷ͹͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ

Β;͸ 37 4 10,81
Β;͸ 13 37,14
Β;͸ 44 8 18,18
Β;͸ 37
Β;͸ 6 17,14
Β;͸ 34 1 2,94
Β;͸ 18 27,78
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 240 42
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷ̺ͪͰ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ

͌ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt͊;ͼͰͯͳi ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ Β;͸ͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ΒͰͽͰ͵ͼͽtͪͅͻ͹ͬͳΕΒ͹΃ͫ͹Ͷ;ΒͰi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͊

͚͹͵ͳΕ
t́ͬͰͺͪͻ;͸ͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͆͠
͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬΒͰͬͰͼͽͳ;ͫͻ͹Β;͹ͯΒ;͸ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ;ͻ;ͫ
ͻͳ΁ͳt͊ͻͫͳΒͪiͯͪ͸͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ Β;͸ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ΒͰͽͰ͵ͼͽt̾͵͹
Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ‫ތ‬ͺͻͰ͵ͳ͸;Ͷͪ‫ͼͪ΂ ތ‬i ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͊͠
͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ;t͎ͻ͹͸ͳ΁ͳiͽͰ͵ͼͽt͈;΃͵͹ͷͽͰͻͪ͹͸ͪͫͻͪ͵i
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͉̽
͵ͪ͹ͳt͈Ͱ΁͹͸ͳ;ͼ;ͯͼͪ΃ͽͪͺ͹ͷ ͪͶͳͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΁͸ͳΒͰͯ͹΃ͪ͹i ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ̹͆
;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳ
170
t͊ͬͰͽi ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪͶͳ;tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͰͶ;i Β;͸ͪ ;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹
ͼͰ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͶ͹ͲͪͬͰͼͽͳͲ͈͹Γͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷt͑ͬͰͻ΁͹ͬͪͶͳͼͳ͸ͪ;͵͹ͿͰͻ;i ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ

̹̈́́͏
͌ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷ̹ͪͶͳ΁ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͬͰͼͽͳ
͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ; ͻ;ͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪ t͋Ͱͷͪ ͯͪ͸ͪi t͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪi t̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i t̾͵͹͸͹ͳΒͪi t͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪi ͳ
t͉Ͱͺ͹ͻͽͪͱͪi͇ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͬͰͼͽͳ– ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͳͼͷ͹ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹
ͻͪ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ΃ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀
̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ
ͬͰͼͽͳ
Β;͸2017. 29 6 20,69
Β;͸ 47 8 17,02
Β;͸ 44 17 38,64
Β;͸ 48
Β;͸ 29,41
Β;͸ 30
Β;͸ 20 2 10
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 289 78 26,99
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷ̹ͪͶͳ΁

̓ͪ͵͹ͼ;͹ͬͰͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͷ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ ͹ͽ;ͯͪ͸Ͱ΂;ͯͳͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹;ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽ; ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ t̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬi ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ ;͹΂ͳͶͳ ͼͷ͹ Β;͸ͪ ; ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳ
t͊ͬͰͽi ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳt͆͹͵ͪ;ͽͳͻͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ΁;͸ͪͺͳΒͪ΁ͳi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ

͍͇͉͉́͆̾ͅ
͌͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͼͪͷ͹ͭ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳ͹
ͲͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͺͪͳ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸΃͵͹Β͵ͪͷͺͪΔͳ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁ͳͷͪͼ͵ͻͰΕͰͺͪͱΔ;ͯͪͼ;t͸ͪΒ
΂ͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪΒΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪΒͽͳͻͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪΒ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱi 10 ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ΒͰ ͽͪͫ
Ͷ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ͇ͬͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ ;ͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂͵͹Β͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͶͰͼ;ͼͰͲͪt͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱiͻ;ͫ
ͻͳ͵Ͱͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷt͌ͯͪͻ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳiͳt̺Ͱͼͽͳiͳ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͳͫͳͶͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͌͹΂ͳ
Ͷͳͼͷ͹;͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ͯ΂ͰͭͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀̽͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ– Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ
10
̺ͳͯͰͽͳ httpwww.informer.rs/vesti/srbija/100207/FOTO-DOMINACIJA-INFORMERA-SAJMU-MEDIJA-
Najvece-zvezde-najbolje-novine
171
ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;͹ͬ͹Β͸ͰͯͰΓͳ͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͳͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͳ΀ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͪͫͪ΃ͳ͸ͳͼ;
ͫͳͶͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ
̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ

ͬͰͼͽͳ
Β;͸ 31 13 41,93
Β;͸ 27 9 33,33
Β;͸ 30 10 33,33
Β;͸ 14 4
Β;͸ 23 4 17,39
ͳΒ;͸ 19 4
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 144 44
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ

͌ͬͳ͵Ͱ͸ͯͳͲͯͪΔ;͹ͯͳΒ;͸ͪͳͺͪ͵ͼͷ͹;͹΂ͳͶͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͬͰͼͽͳͲͪ͹ͬͰ
͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱt̿ͯͻͪ͹ͺ͹ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳͷͪi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt̺Ͱͼͽͳi ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͪͶͳͳ;ͽ͹͵;
͸ͰͯͰΓͰ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt͌ͯͪͻ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳi Β;͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪt͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪΒͰ͸ͪͳͬͳ΁ͳͻͪͽͪi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ
͸ͪͽ
͆ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͳͼͽͰͻ;ͫͻͳ͵Ͱ Β;͸ͪ t̺͹ͶͳͯͪͼͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͭ͹ͳ;ͭͰΒͰͬͼ͵͹Βͺ͹Ͳͳi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ
͸ͪͽ
ͪͯͪ͸͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ Β;͸ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳt͇ͽ͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ;Ͳͫ͹ͭͷͪͶ͹͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ
͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
͊ͬͰͬͰͼͽͳͼ;ͲͪͽͰͷ;ͳͷͪͶͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰͳΒͪͬ͸ͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ
͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͰͳͶͳͼ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪͳͷͪͶͳΒͪͬ͸;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰͼͽͻͪ͸͵Ͱ
͉͉̓͌́
͌ͽͪͫͰͶͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ΒͰ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͬͰͼͽͳ;̓;ͻͳͻ; – ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ΂ͰͭͪΒͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀
ͫͳͶ͹
͈͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸Ͱͻ;ͫͻͳ͵Ͱ;͹ͬͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪͫͳͶͰͼ;t̺Ͱͼͽͳi t͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪi t͈Ͷͪ͸Ͱͽͪi
ͳ t͊ͻͫͳΒͪi ̺ͳͼ͹͵ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ ΒͰ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ ͳ ; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼ ;ͻͰΌͳͬͪ΂͵͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷ ̓;ͻͳͻͪ. ͅͰΌ;
͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;͹΂Ͱ͸ΒͰ;ͬͳ΃ͰͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹
ͬͪ

ͬͰͼͽͳ
Β;͸ 24 10 41,67
Β;͸ 40 11
Β;͸ 41 12 29,27
172

ͬͰͼͽͳ
Β;͸ 24 8 33,33
Β;͸ 41 14
Β;͸ 9
Β;͸ 30 7 23,33
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ 71 30,21
͋ͪͫͰͶ͈ͪͻͳ͵ͪͲͫͻ͹ΒͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͬͰͼͽͳ
;ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ̓;ͻͳͻ

͌ͺ͹͸ͰͯͰΓͪ͵Β;͸ͪ ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt͈Ͷͪ͸Ͱͽͪi ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͼͪͲ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹ͯͪΒͰt̓ͪ͸ͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸͵͹ͼͳ͹
ͽͻͪͬ;ͺͻͰͽ͹ͻ͸ͪͯͪi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
;t͎ͻ͹͸ͳ΁ͳi͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ΒͰͽͰ͵ͼͽt́΃ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͳ
͸͹ͷ ͺ;ͽͪ ͺͪ ͭͪ ;ͯͪͻͳ͹ ͪ;ͽ͹i ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͊ ͊
ͪ ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ; ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳ t̺Ͱͼͽͳi ͼͪͲ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹ ͯͪ ͼ;
t́ͼͶͪͷͳͼͽͳ ΀ͪ͵͹ͬͪͶͳ ͼͪΒͽ ͬͻͽͳΕͪi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
͊ͶͰͯͰΕͰͭ ͯͪ͸ͪ ; t̺Ͱͼͽͳͷͪi ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪͷ͹ͯͪΒͰt͋͹ͷͪ͵ͳͽͳ͹ͰͬͻͳͷͪͷͶͪͯ;ͺͰͬͪ΂ͳ΁;i ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͊̽
ͯ͹͵ΒͰt͋ͻͪͷͺ;ͺͪ͹͸ͪͼͬͪͯ
ͫ;i ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
– ͻ;ͫͻͳ͵ͪt͈Ͷͪ͸Ͱͽͪi ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͬͰͼͽͳt͌ͫͳ͹ͼͪͷͱͰ͸;ΒͰͻͷͰΒͰ
ͬͪͻͪͶͪi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͅͅ
͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪi ͳt͎ͽͰ͹ͯͪͼͰͼͺͪͶͳ ͺͪ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰ
͵ͪͿͰi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ;ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt͈Ͷͪ͸Ͱͽͪi ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͼ;Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͌
ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳ t̺Ͱͼͽͳi ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͳ t͈Ͷͪ͸Ͱͽͪi ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ Β;͸ͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ ͼ; ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳ
t͋ͻ;ͯ͸ͪͫͪͫͳ΁ͪ;͵͹Ͷͳͷͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳͶͪͱͰ͸;i ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ̽͋
ͳt͈͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΁ͪͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͰ͸ͪ
ͪ;͵΁ͳΒͳi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
Β;͸ͪ;t͎ͻ͹͸ͳ΁ͳi ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ t͍ͪͻͫͪ͹ͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΁;ͺͪͺͪ͹ͼͪͽͰͻͪ
ͼͰi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ̹͉

͌ͭͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸;Βͪͼ͸͹ͼͰͬͳͯͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͫͻ͹ΒͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳͷͰΌ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ
͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͹ͯ ͯ͹ Β;͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸Ͱ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͼ; ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ ;
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ
ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͬͰΕͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ ; ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ (12,93%
ͼͶͰͯͰ
̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ %), ̹Ͷͳ΁ (26,99%), ̓;ͻͳͻ (30,21%
ͳ ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ %
͇ͬͳͷ ͼͷ͹
ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͶͳ ͳ ͸ͪ΃; ͽͻͰΕ; ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸; ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲ; ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪ
ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳͷͰΌ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ
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̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ̹Ͷͳ΁ ̓;ͻͳͻ ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ

̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸̓͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ
͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ͯ Βͪͬ͸͹ͭ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ;͹΂Ͱ͸ ΒͰ ; ͼͬͳͷ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ
͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͳͼͽͪ͵͸Ͱͷ͹ ͯͪ ͹ͬͰ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͯͪ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͷ͹ ͵ͪ͹
ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ ͳ ͵͹͸ͪ΂ͪ͸ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Β΃ͽͪͷͺͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͯͪͼ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͺͪͱΔ;ͯͪΒͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶ͹ΒͰͯ͸;͸ͰͯͰΓ;
͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͸;͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ ͫͰͲ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ͵;ͷͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͰͅ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ
ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͷ͹ͯͪͫͳͼͰͳ͸ͪͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͬͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͳ;ͯ;ͱͰͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ
ͬͪͶ; ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͳͼͽͳ ͳͶͳ ͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ ; ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ, ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ,
̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ, ̹Ͷͳ΁, ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ ͳ̓;ͻͳͻ.

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯͰ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪͱͳͬͳ͹ͯͼ͵ͪ͸ͯͪͶͪ ͽͻͪ΂Ͱͬͪ ͺͻͳ
ͷͪͷΓͳͬͳ΀ ͳ ͼͬͳͷͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬͳ΀ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ̀ͪ ͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͰ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͬͪͱͰΕͳt͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷiͲͪ͹ͯͪͫͳͻͬͰͼͽͳΒͰͼͽͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͽͻͪ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ
ͲͷͪͳͲͪͫͪͬͰ ΒͰͻͽ͹ΒͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯͪͬ͸͹;͹΂Ͱ͸ͪ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͪͶͳ
ΒͰͯ͹ͫ;ΒͪΔͪͯ͹΃Ͷ͹͵ͻͪΒͰͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͼͪͼͬͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
͌ͺͶͳͬͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͯͰͼͳͶͳͼ;ͼͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ
ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͲͪ͵ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ ͺͪͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷΒͪ͵ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͭͻ;ͺͪ
ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͬͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ͋͹ΒͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ͯ͹ͫͪͻ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͲͪͷ;ͶͽͳͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸͹͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ
ͪͶͳ ͳ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͻ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͳ ; ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸Ͱ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱ ͷͰͯͳΒͰ ̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͸ͪΒͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
̓ͻͰͽͪΔͪ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;΃ͽͪͷͺͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͪͼ;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ
΁ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪͲͪͫ;ͶͰͬͪͻͼ͵;͸Ͱͭ͹Ͳͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸;΃ͽͪͷͺ;͋ͳͻͪͱͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳ΀ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼ;ͻͪͼ
Ͷͳ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͪ ͳ ͸ͪΒͽͳͻͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͬͰ΂ͰͻΔͰ ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ ͼͽͪͭ͸ͳͻͪͶͪ ͳͶͳ ͹ͺͪͯͪͶͪ
ͅͳͶͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ

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̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼͷ͹ͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸ͳͼͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͬͰΕͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͻͳ
ΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ͲͪͫͪͬΓͪ΂͵ͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͊;͹΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͼͷ͹ ͼ ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͷ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀
͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ
͵͹ΒͰͼͷ͹͹ͫͪͬͳͶͳͽ͹ͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͷ͹;͹΂ͳͶͳͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;
ͼͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;̽ͪ͸ͪͼͳ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͬͳͷ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪ ͹ͲͫͳΓ
͸Ͱ ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͬ;͵Ͷͪ ͺͪͱΔͪ ΂ͳͽͪͶͪ΁ͪ ;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͼͰ ͼͬͰ ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓ;ΒͰ ͯͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰt͹ͷͰ͵΃ͪi ΂ͪ͵ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳͱͪ͸ͻ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͪͳ;͵͹Β͹Β͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͳͼͽͪͬ ͼ;ͯ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ ̽ͪͶͳͼ;;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ
͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͪ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ ͳͶͳ ΒͰ ͵ͻͪΒΔͰ ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳ΃ͽͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͷΔͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͫͰͲͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͬͳͯͪ;ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͼͪͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͫ͹ΒͰͷͳͼͰ͸Ͳͪ
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͹ͷͺͻͰͷͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͷͪͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͯͪͶͰ͵͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͷͰͽͪ
͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΒ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪͷ͹Εͳ
̽ͪͶͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͺ;ͽͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹Βͺ͹ͼͽ;Ͷͪͽ͸͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸͹Β;Ͷ͹Ͳͳͳͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ – ͬͰͼͽͳͺ͹ͺ;ͽͫͳͶ͹͵͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ
͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳͷ ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪ ͅ͹ͭ;Εͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ ; ͬͻͪΕͪΔ;
ͯͳͭ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵͹Βͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ ;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͼͪͷ͹ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;Ό;
͵ͪ͹ͳ ; ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͲͪͭͶͳͫΓͰ͸͹ ;
ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹ ͱͳͬ͹ ͫͶͪͽ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ΃Ͱ ͼͪͯͪ ͳ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͫͳ ͯͪ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ ͼͳͲͳͿ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͼͶ; ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸Ͱͷͪͽͻͳ΁ͰͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͳͻͪ͸Ͱ ΂ͳͽͪͶͪ΂͵Ͱ ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ;ͶͪͭͪΔͳͷͪ; ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ
͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪΔͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ
̸̸͉͉͉̺͇͉̈́́͋̾͋͌́́͆͋̾͆̾͋́̀́
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"HFOUTPG1PXFS -POHNBO/FX:PSL.
̸ͻͪ΁͵ͳ ̀
͋ͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͰͯͳΒͪ;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;
ͯͳΒͰ
̹ΒͰͶͳ΁ͪ ͅ ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̀
́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽ̹ͬͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͅͰͭͪͽͻͰ͸ͯ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͺͻͳ
ͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ̾
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ–ͷͳͽͳͶͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ̾
͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
̽͹ͷͪͲͰͽ ͊
t̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͶͳ ͼ;͸͹ͬͻͪͽ ; ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i ; ̺ ͅͳͶͳͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ
;ͻ
͆ͪ;͵ͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ͹ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͈ͪͶͰ
ͼͽͻ–428.
͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̀
tͪͅͼͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͱͪΒ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;i
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͫͻ ͼͽͻ–124.

͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̀
t͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ;ͲͪͭͻΓͪΒ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͪͻ
;͆͹ͬͪ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͷͳͼͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ ͳͲͯͪΔͪ ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͼͽͻ –200.
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpwww.nspm.rs/posebna-izdanja/kulturna-politika.html#2.
͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̀
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ;ͲͪͭͻΓͪΒ;ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ–ͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͰͽͳͻͪΔͰ̽͸Ͱͬ
͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ͇͸ͶͪΒ͸ͳͲͯͪΔͰͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ httpwww.danas.rs/dodaci/nedelja/medijsko_ re-
ketiranje.26.html news_id <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ Β;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ>
̓ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ ̽
ͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯClio.
̓͹ͬͪ΂ ̹ ͉͹ͲͰ͸ͼͽͳͶ ͋
̾ͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽ͈ͬͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ͏́̽– ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͷͰͯͳΒͰ
Conboy, M. (2010). The MBOHVBHFPGOFXTQBQFSTTPDJPIJTUPSJDBMQFSTQFDUJWFT-POEPO$POUJOVVN
ͪͅ͵Ͷ;ͪ͸ ͅ
̻;ͽͰ͸ͫͰͻͭ͹ͬͪͭͪͶͪ͵ͼͳΒͪ͏ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ΔͳͭͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆͹Ͷͳͽ
ͪͅͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
t̓͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ;̹ͳ͎i ;̺ͅͳͶͳ
ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ ;ͻ
͆ͪ;͵ͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ, 2/1. ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ͹ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;Ͷ
ͽͰͽ͈ͪͶͰ ͼͽͻ–
ͪͅ͸ͯͰͻ ͦ ̻͹Ͷͯͼͷͳͽ ̾
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯClio.
ͅͳͶͰͻ ͊
5BCMPJE+VSOBMJTN 5IF$PODJTF&ODZDMPQFEJBPG&UIJDTJO1PMJUJDTBOEUIF.FEJB. San
%JFHP"DBEFNJD1SFTT
ͅͳͶͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͊
͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
httppescanik.net/mediji-u-srbiji/ <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ Β;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ>
3BOUBOFO ͋
5IF.FEJBBOE(MPCBMJ[BUJPO-POEPO4BHFQVCMJDBUJPOT
Sparks, C., Tulloch, J. (eds.) (2000). 5BCMPJE5BMFT(MPCBM%FCBUFTPWFS.FEJB4UBOEBSET/FX:PSL
Rowman & Littlefield
͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͆
t͋ͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳͱ;ͻ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷi. ͏ͅ–΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͲͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͰͷ,
ͫͻ ͼͽͻ–̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpwww.fpn.bg.ac.rs/arhiva/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/
CM01.pdf.
͍ͳͯͶͰͻ ͉
.FEJBNPSQIPTJT–ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯClio.
͎ͪͫͰͻͷͪͼ ͠
ͪͬ͠͸͹ͷΔͰΔͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
͎Ͱͻͷͪ͸ ̾͊ ͅͰ͵΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ ͉̺
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯClio.
httpwww.informer.rs/vesti/srbija/100207/FOTO-DOMINACIJA-INFORMERA-SAJMU-
MEDIJA-Najvece-zvezde-najbolje-novine
httpwww.vreme.co.rs/cms/view.php idprintyes
httppescanik.net/mediji-u-srbiji/
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪ͹ͯͫͻ͹Βͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ$9*7 ͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ$9*7
̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪ͹ͯͫͻ͹Βͪͯ͹–7.202.
̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ-9*7
176
̹Ͷͳ΁ ͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪ͹ͯͫͻ͹Βͪͯ͹
́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ ͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪ͹ͯͫͻ͹Βͪͯ͹
̓;ͻͳͻ ͹ͯͯ͹Β;͸ͪ͹ͯͫͻ͹Βͪͯ͹
TATJANA M. VULIſ
MARTA S. MITROVIſ
TABLOIDIZATION OF 5)&PRESS IN SERBIA AS

A RESULT OF GLOBALIZATION
SUMMARY
The first decade of the 21st century was characterized by a growing number of tabloids both around the
world and in Serbia, so this decade can almost be labelled as the decade of tabloid journalism. This pheno-
menon was mainly triggered by commercial reasons, but we cannot neglect the trend of a lack of
accountability for publicly spoken words. In the past ten years in Serbia, tabloids were generally initiated as a
section of the daily newsletters, and their huge circulation seems to be able to confirm the hypothesis that
democracy is much more stimulating for tabloid press than for serious press. For Giddens, globalization has
EFFQFSSPPUTJOUIFQBTU iUIFUFSNHMPCBMJ[BUJPOIBTDPNFGSPNOPXIFSFUPCFFWFSZXIFSFu (JEEFOT

When it comes to media, globalization process itself has helped tabloidization to expand and take root. For
UIFQVSQPTFPGUIJTQBQFS UIFBVUIPSTXJMMUBLFGJWFEBJMZOFXTQBQFST1PMJUJLB, #MJD, Danas, ,VSJS and *OGPS
mer and use quantitative and qualitative analysis to identify tabloid headlines and news with the elements of
tabloidization.
,&:803%4HMPCBMJ[BUJPO UBCMPJEJ[BUJPO EBJMZOFXTMFUUFST IFBEMJOFT OFXT
177
--

316.662-

̸̸͉́̓͠ͅ ̸̸̻̓͡1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ
͇͊͏̸̸̸͎͇͇̺͇́̈́͆́͊͋͋͌͊̈́̽́͌̓͊͊̓͠͠ͅ
͉͇̺́͋́ͅ͏̸͇͈͇́̓͊̈́̾̽́͏̸͈͉͇͏̸̾͊
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸̸̸͉͎̺́̾́͋͆́̽̾͑͆͢͠
͇͇̺͇͎̓͊͌́̾͋́́͠ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪͺͻͪͽͳ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;΁ͳΓ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ

ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ
Γ;ͯͳͳͼͬͳ΀ͬͻͼͽͪͻ͹ͫͪͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͯ͹͸ͰͶͪΒͰ͵ͻ;ͺ͸Ͱͳͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹
ͬ͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͫͳͽ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ
tͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪi ͌ ͽ͹Β ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͼ; Ͷ͹΃Ͱ ͺͻ͹΃ͶͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ
ͲͰͷΓͰ ͲͰͷΓͰͼͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ;ͻͰΌͰΔͰͷ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͳͳͺͶͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͯͪͫͳͼͰͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͳ
Ͷͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͷͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͼͬͰͽͪͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͯͪͲͪͺ͹΂͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͽͻͪ͸
Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͰͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͳͷͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͲͪͯͪͽ͵͹ͷ͸ͪ΃Ͷͪ;͸ͪΒ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒͰͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵; ;
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͵ͪͯͪΒͰͲͪͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ ͵ͪͯͪͼ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͵;Ͷͷͳ͸ͳͻͪ͹ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͲͪͷ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͯ͹ͬͰ͹ ͯ͹ ̸͇͆͋ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ;͌͆́̓ͅ-ͪͳ͍͇͉̓-ͪ͊ͬͳ͹ͬͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͼ;ͼͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳ
ͬ͸͹͹ͯͻͪͲͳͶͳ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͷͶͪͯͳ΀;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ΀͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͪͳͫͰͼͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͶͰͯ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪ
͏ͳΓ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͯͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͱͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͳͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͷͶͪͯ͹ͭ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͼͶͰͯͼͬͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸Ͱͽͳͺͳ΂͸Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼ
ͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͳͫͰͼͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪͲͪͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͽ ͷͶͪͯͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹
1
galjakmarija@gmail.com
178
̸̸̸̸͉̻́̓̓͊͠͡ͅ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͷͶͪͯͳ΀;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ

̺͇͌̽
͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ΁ͳΓͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͰΕͰ
ͫͳͽͳͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͳ΁ͳͻ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰͳ
ͼͬͳ΀ͬͻͼͽͪͻ͹ͫͰͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪΒ;ͽ͹ͯͪͱͳͬͳͷ͹;tͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪi ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ
͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
̓ͪ͵͹ͺͳ΃Ͱ͌Ͷͻͳ΀̹Ͱ͵t̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͪΒͰͿͽͳ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͽͺ;
΃ͽͪΔͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͪ͹ͬͳ΃͵͹ͬͪͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰi ̹Ͱ͵ ͼͽͻ
͌ͽ͹ΒͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Β
tͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͻͳͲͳ͵ͪiͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ;Ͷ͹΃Ͱͺͻ͹΃ͶͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪͳ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͫͳͶͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ
͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ͌͹ͬͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͼ
Ͷ͹ΒͪͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͲͪͷͳͻͪΔͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹
ͽ͇ͪ͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹
Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹͹ͼͰͽͳͶͳͼͬͳͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͊ͪͬͽͰͻͰͽ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳ
ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͶ͹ΒͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͼͰ͹ͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͰͲͪ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ ͷͶͪͯͳͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͽͺ;΃ͽͰ͸ͳ ͼͪͺ͹ͼͶͪ͆ͪ;ͯͪͻ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͪ;΁ͰͶ͹Β͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
ͪͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͺͻͬͳͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪ΃ͶͳͺͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻͳͳ΀Ͱ͸ͯͳ͵Ͱͺͳͻͪ͸ͪͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯ
͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͻͪͯ͸͹͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪͳͷͶͪͯͳ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳͬͳͼ͹͵͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͯͳ
͸ͪͷͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ͸ͪΌ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͰ ͽͰ͸ͪΒͷͶͪΌͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͰ΁ͰͺͻͰͯ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭ;Ͳͻͪͼ
ͽ͇ͪͬͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳͯ͹ͬͰͶͳ ͼ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͯ͹͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͭ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͫͰͯͰ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳ
ͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͪ
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼ;ͷ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͳͲ
ͯͪ͸ͪ;ͯͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͽͰͱͰͳͫͰͼͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ ͪͺ͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͻͪͯͳͷ;
ΒͰͯ͸͹Β͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͫͪͬͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͷͺͻͰͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳ͵͹Βͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͼͳͼ
ͽͰͷͼ͵ͰͷͰͻͰ;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱͳͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀
ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͅͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͯ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͯ΂ͳΒ͹ͷͼ;
ͳ͸ͭͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͈ͰΕ ́ͼͽ͹͵ ͳ ̓Ͷͳ͸ͪ ; ͻͪͯ; ͼͪͷ
ͱͰͶͰͶͪͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͯͪ;͵ͪͱͰͷ͸ͪͽͪͷ͸;ͼͽͻͪ͸;ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻͳͬͪͽͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳͼ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶͳ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͪͷͳͻͪΔͪͼͬͳ΀
͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵͹ΒͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ
ͼͬͳ΀͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;΁ͰͶͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹
ͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ
̸͉͋͆̀́͏̸͇́͊͠͏̸͉͉͇́̈́͆̾͊͋͌̓͋͌̾́͊͠͏̸͈͉͇̹́̈́͆́̈́̾́͠ͅ
̸̸̸͉̀̾͌͋͆̀́͡ͅ͏́́͠
͋ͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͽͲͬͺͻͳ-
ͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽͳͽͳͼͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͪͺΓͪ
΂͵ͪ΃͵͹ͷ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͋ͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ;Ͳ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
179
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͻͼͪͷ͹;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͼͿͰͻͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳ
Β;ͺ͹ͯͰͶ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪΔͪ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ;ͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͼͿͰͻͳ
͊ͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͰͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ
͵ͪ͵͹ͲͪͽͰ͵;Εͳ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͵͹;ͽ͹͵;ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ
ͬͰ͵ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ;ͯ͹ͫ;ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͯͪͳͺͻͳͬͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ̓ͪ͵͹͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͳ̹͹ͱ͹
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕt́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ʮ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹Ϳͳ΂͸Ͱʮ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵͹
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͼ;͹΂ͳͶ͹ ͼͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰ ͯͬͰ
ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰͷ͹ͯͪͼ;ͽͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͼͪͷ͹ͪ͵;ͽ͸ͳΒͰͳͲ͹΃ͽͻͳͶͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳi ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
.
͈ͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ΒͰ ͯ͹ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸Ͱ ͹ͫ;ͼͽͪͬͰ
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬͳ΀ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͭͳͭͪ͸ͪͽͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽt̀ͪͬ͹ͯͪ̀ͪͼͽͪ
ͬͪi;̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬ΁; t͉;ͫͳ͸ͪi t͋ͻͪΒͪͶͪiͳt͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪi;̓ͻ;΃Ͱͬ΁; t͊ͳͷͺͪiͳt͠;ͷ͵ͪi;̺ͻͪΔ;
t͈Ͱͽ͹ͶͰͽ͵Ͱi;͋ͻͼͽͰ͸ͳ͵; tͪͭͅ͸͹΀ͻ͹ͷͪi;̓ͻͪΓͰͬ; t͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͰi;͐ͪ΂͵; t̓ͻ;΃ͳ͵ͪi;̺ͪΓͰͬ;
t̀͹ͻ͵Ͱi;͑ͪͺ΁; t͊ͪͻͽͳͯͪi;͊ͷͰͯͰͻͰͬ; t͆͹ͬ͵ͪͫͰͶͪi;͆͹ͬ͹ͷ͊ͪͯ; ́͆ͅ-ͪͳ̾́͆ͳ΃-ͪ;
͆ͳ΃; ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽͪt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪi;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͍ͪͫͻͳ͵Ͱ΃ͪͬ͸ͳ΀΁Ͱͬͳ ;͌ͻ͹΃Ͱͬ΁;ͳͯͻ
͊ͬͪ͵͹ ͹ͯ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪͶ͹ ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͈͹ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͭͪ΃ͰΔ;;͹ͬͳͷͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ΒͰͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͻͰΔͪ ͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪͳ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ
͹ͯͯͻͱͪͬͰ͋͹ΒͰͲͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪͶ͹ͽ͹ͯͪΒͰt͌͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͫͰͲ
ͺ͹ͼͶͪi ̈́ͪ͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌ ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͳ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ t͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͰ ͹ͼͶ͹͸ͳͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͸͹ͬͳΒͰ
ͯͬ͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
ͼͪͲ͸ͪΒ͸Ͱͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͳ
͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͹ͫͻͪͲͶͪͭͪ͸ͳ ; ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͺͰͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ΀ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ;ͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ ; ͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ; ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
͹ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ; ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͹͸ͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͼ;ͼͬͰ͵ͶͪͼͰͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳ ¢ ͹ͼͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱ
ͰͶͳͽͰ – ʮͭ;ͫͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰʮ ͊ͬͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ ͳ ʮ͵ͻ;ͺ͸ͳʮ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͳͲ -ͳ΀
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ -͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͼ; ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͳͶͳ ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹- tͭ;ͻͪΒ;Εͳi ͭͪ ͳͲ
͵ͻ;ͭͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͻͰͯΔͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ʮ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͰʮ ¢ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ
ͯͪͼͰͽ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ΃Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ ͳ
;ΔͰͷ;Βͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ
ͷͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸; ͷ͹Ε͸;ͳͫ͹ͭͪͽ; ͰͶͳͽ; ͵ͪ͹ʮͯ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰʮ
ͳ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸;ͬͰΕͳ͸; ͵ͪ͹
ʮͭ;ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰʮ
i ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͰΔͪͳͻͪͼͶ͹
ΒͪͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪΒ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ; ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ;
ͫͻ͹Βͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ͼͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͳͷͪͶ͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͵͹ΒͰ͸ͰͲͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͳͲ;ͭͶͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼ
ͽͰͷͪͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͳͯͬͪͼͬ͹ΒͪͽͰͷͰΓͪ ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͳͯͬͪͼͬ͹Βͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͪͺ͹ͶͪͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͳͶͳͫͰ
ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹Βͼ͹΁ͳ͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β;Ͷ͹ͲͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ͌ͷͰͻͳ;͵͹Β͹Βͼ;͹ͬͪͯͬͪͺ͹Ͷͪ
;ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͳ΂ͳͽͪͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ͹ͺͼͽͪΒͰ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͶͪͫΓͰ
ΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͻͱͪͬͰͳΔͰ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ΒͰͯ͹Βͪ΂ͪΔͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ
ͳͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷͳ
180
ͼͶ͌ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͽ͹ͷͰͳ͈Ͱͽͪͻ̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪt̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͽͬͪͻͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͽͻͪ͸
ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ; ΁ͳΓ; ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ; ͸ͪͯ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͷͪ ͪ ͼͬͰ ͺ͹ͯ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳͷ
ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷͱͰΓͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵͸;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀i ̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͳ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͳ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͼ; Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ̸͇͆͋ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͰ
ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Β;ΒͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳͶͪͺΓͪ΂͵ͪ΃͵ͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͪ΃ͰΔͰͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͽͳͭͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͯͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͳͺ͹ͼͪ͹ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͻͪ΂;
͸ͪͬͪΔͪͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬͰͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͷͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ
́ͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;;͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͿͪͲͳͼͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͶͪ͵ͻ;ͺ͸Ͱͳ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͽͰ
ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰΕͳͳͲΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͽͳͺͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͪͼͪͯͪ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹
͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;͹ͬͪΒͺͻͰͶͪͲ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̓ͳ͸Ͱ ͆͹ͻͬͰ΃͵Ͱ ͍ͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ
͸ͪ΃ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͬͻ΀
̺Ͷͪͯͪͳͯͻ;ͭͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β; ΃ͽ͹͸ͪͼΒͰ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹;ͼͽͪΔͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵͹ͭ ͫͪ͸͵ͻ͹ͽͪ ͳ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͺΓͪ΂͵ͪ΃͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼͬͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͇ͬ͹ͼͽͪΔͰΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͳΒ͹΃ͽͰͱͰ ΒͰͻͼͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ
͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳ
͇͊͏̸̸̸̸͈͉͇̹͉̹͉͎͇̺͇͈͉̺́̈́͆́̈́̾́͊́̾́̾̾̀́̾̀́̈́̿̾̾͢͢͠͠ͅͅ
͇ͯͷͪ΀ͺ͹Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽ͵;̸͇͆͋ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͰͼ;͹΂ͳͶͪͼͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ̽ͻͱͪͬͪΒͰͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͯͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͷͰͰ͸Ͱͻͭͳ΂͸Ͱ
ͷͰͻͰ;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;
1
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͯͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪͻͪͯͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͫͳͶͪ;ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ

ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ

ͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͪΔͪͳͽͻͱͳ΃͸͹ͭͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͪ΁Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰ΀ͻͪͷͫͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͪͶ
͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͭͪͳͰͶͰ͵ͽͻͳ΂͸ͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰ
4
͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰΔͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ

͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰΔͪͺͻͪͬͪͳͲ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͺͰ͸ͲͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΔͪ
6
͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰΔͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͲ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͫͪͻ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ
ͻͪΔͪ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹-ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹͸ͪΒ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͰͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;
̹͹Ͷ΂ͳΕͳͅͳͶͳΕ͵͹Βͳͼ; ͺͻͪͽͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͰͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯ;΀͹ͷ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͽͬͻͯͰͯͪt͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;
ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͳͼ;ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͬͰΕͼ;ͽ͹ͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͫ͹Ͷ͸ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹
ͫͶͰͷͳ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͯͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͰ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ
͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͪ ͳ
181
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͬͳͯ͹ͬͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͌;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͸ͪͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͸͹ͻ
ͷͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͹ͼ͵;ͯͳ΁Ͱͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪi ̹͹Ͷ΂ͳΕͳͅͳͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ 117).
͇ͯͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͳ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ
͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͌͆́͏͍̾-ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Β͹Βt͊ͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͼͰ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰ͸ͪ
r tͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪi ͽΒ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪ
r t͸ͳͼ͵ͳͯ͹΀͹΁ͳi ͪͽ͹ͼ;Γ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͲͪͽͻͰΕͳ͸; ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰͺͻͪͭͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ
r tͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹i ͽΒ͸Ͱͼ͵ͶͪͯͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;͹ͬ͹Β͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͳ
ͳͺͻ͹ͬͶͪΌ;Β;ΕͰͭͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪ͏ͻͽͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͯ͹-ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸͹ͭͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪͺ͹
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵;i ̻Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͌͆ ͼͽͻ

̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͳͼͺ͹ͯͶͳ͸ͳΒͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͯ͹͵;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ
ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͺͻͪͭͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰ͹ͬͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͸ͰͼͷͰͯͪͺͻͰΌͰ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͈͹ͻͪͼͽ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ ΒͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͵͹ͯ ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁ͪ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͪ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹
Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͰͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͯ͹͵͸ͪͯ;ͲͪͬͻͰͷͰͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͬͪͶͳ
Ϳͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͰΓͪ͵ͪ ͪͶͳͳtͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀iͳͳͲͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ̈́ͪ͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳt͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͪͷͫͳ΁ͳ͹Ͳ͸;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪ΃
ͽͳͽͰ ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͳͼ͹͵͸ͳͬ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͻͪͲ
ͬͳΒͰ͸;ͷͻͰͱ;Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͳ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͹ΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳΒͪͲͳͲͷͰΌ;͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭi
̈́ͪ͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ 121).
͌ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼ;ͲͫͳΒͪΔͰͳͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͪ͵͹ͼͰ
ͳͼͺ;͸Ͱͯͬͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ
1. Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬͪ͵ ͳ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͇ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͯͬͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸; ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ;
ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸Ͱ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͳ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ
΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;

̸͉͇̺͇͉̹͊́͑͋͌͊́́͠ͅ¢̸̸͇͉͉͇͊͌͆̾̈́͆͊͋ͅ
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͵ͻ͹Ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͭͪ
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͬ΃ͳ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ
ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳͯͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͳͷͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪΒͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹
ͷ;ͶͽͳͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ̿ͳͬͰͽͳ ; ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ; Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͼͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͰ
ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͼͳΓ; ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͺ͹͸ͳͱͪͬͪΔͪͳΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͰͲͬͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ
̀͸ͪ΂ͳ ͱͳͬͰͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͫͻ͹Β͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ IPNP OVNFS ͳ ͹ͼͰΕͪͽͳ ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͫͪͶͪͼͽ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͽͰͻͰͽ
182
͊ͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸ͳͼ; ͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ ͋ͻͰͫͪ ͳͼͽͪΕͳ ͯͪ ͼ;
ͯͪ͸ͪͼ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͸ͪΒ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͪ͹͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;͹ͼͽͪͶͪͫͰͲͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͷͰͼͽͪͳͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͳͼ;;ͼͺͰͶͪ
ͯͪ͸ͪΌ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͰ ͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯ͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͻͪͯͪͳͻͪͽ͸ͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳ
΀Ͱ͸ͯͳ͵Ͱͺͳͻͪ͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪͳ
Ͷͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͲͪͻͪͯ ͻͪͼͰΓͰ͸ͪͳͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͼͽͪͻͪͳͳͲ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭͶͪͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ
΁;ͳͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͰ͸ͪͼ;ͼͪͷͪͼͰͫͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͳͼͽͻ;΂͸͹͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͳͯͰ΁ͪ͆ͪΒͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃
͸ͳΒͪ ͼ; ͯͰ΁ͪ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ ͯͰ΁ͪ ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΀ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͻ͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͯͰ΁ͪ ͈͹ͻͰͯ
ͽ͹ͭͪ ͽͰͻͰͽͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰΌͰ͸͸ͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͷͼ;
͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͭ͹ΌͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ;Β;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;̹͹ͻ ̀ͪΒͰ΂ͪͻ ͏ͻ͸ͪ͋ͻͪͬͪ
̿ͪͭ;ͫͳ΁ͪ ͪͅΒͯͪ͸ͺͰ͵ ̓ΔͪͱͰͬͪ΁ ͅͰͯͬͰΌͪͳ̓;ͻ΃;ͷͶͳΒͪ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ͵ͻͰΕͰ ¢
ͻͪͯ͸͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
̽ͻͱͪͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͬͰΕ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͪͼͬ͹Β;͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ͇ͬ͹ͷͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ͹ͷ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͳͼ;
r ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ
r ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͪͬ΁ͳͲͪͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͰͳͼͽͳ΀
r ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͼ;͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪͳͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;;
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͽ;ͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͪͳͻͪͼͰΓͰ͸ͪ
r ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͼ;͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͳͶͳͭͻͪͯͪ
͇ͬͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪΒͰ;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͯͪͶͪͯ͹ͫͻͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͽ͹ΒͰͽͻͪΒͪͶ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯ͹͵
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹͸ͳΒͰtͲͪ͵;΁ͪͶ͹͸ͪͬͻͪͽͪiͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͪ͵Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;ΕͰ
̽ͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹ͭ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͲͪ͸ͪ;΂͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ͍ͪͻͪ͸΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͯͳ̓ͪͼͽͻͳ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪt͈ͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ͹ͼͶ͹͸΁͇ͪͺͽͳͷͪͶͪ͸ͳ
͹ͯͻͱͳͬ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͹ͬͪΒͪ;ͽ͹ͻͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ
͈͹ΔͰͷ;͹ͯͻͱͳͬͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱͼͪͷ͹͵ͪͯͪͼ;ʮ͐Ͱͽͳͻͳ͹ͼͶ͹͸΁ͪ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ¢ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪʮ ͈͹ΔͰͷ; ͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͸͹ͭͪͼͽ͹
Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͵ͻͪΕͪͳͶͳͯ;ͱͪ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀͸Ͱͷͪ;ͯ͹ͫ͸͹ͭͼͰͯͰΔͪ ͽΒ ͸Ͱͷͪ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ̽ͳ̓ͪͼͽͻͳ͹ͬ;ͼͽ͹
Ͷͳ΁; ͸ͳͷͪͶ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼ͸͹ͷͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΁͹ͷ ΒͰͻΒͰ͹͸ͪͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͪͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼͰ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;
ͯͪΒͰͷͰΔͪΔͰͳ͸͹ͬͳ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹͵ͻͰΕͰͷ͹Ͳͯͻͪͬͳͷͳ
͹ͯͻͱͳͬͳͷͺ;ͽͰͬͳͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪi ̈́ͪ͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ 136).
̈́ͪ͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕͯͪΓͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳt͈ͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͼͬͪ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͼ;
r ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰͳ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͻͪͯͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;͹ͯͺ͹ͬ
ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ ͹ͫ͹ΓͰͬͪΔͪͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͲͳͻͪΔͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ,
r ͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
r ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͬͳͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ
r ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;Ͳͯͻͪͬ͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ
183
r ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
r ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͪͻͪͯΔͪͼͪͳͼͽͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͷͪi ̈́ͪ͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̺ͰͲͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳΒͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀
;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͷͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵͹ͭ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͪͲͪ
ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵;t͊ͽ͹ͺͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰ ͉ͳͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪΒͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳͼ;
ͷͶͪͯͳ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
ͲͪͽͳͷͷͶͪΌͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
ͯ͹͵͸ͪΒ͸ͳͱ;ͼͽ͹ͺ;ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ
͹ͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳͷͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
͆ͪΒͬͰΕ; ͼͽ͹ͺ;ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯ ͼͳͻ͹
ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͳͷͪΒ; ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͱͳͬͰ ; ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͪ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͯͬ͹ΒͰ ͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳ΀ ͼͪ ͽͻ͹ΒͰ ͳͶͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͳͲͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ
ͳ͹ͼ͹ͫͰͷͶͪΌͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸͹΂Ͷͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ %).
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͼͽͪͽ;ͼ; ͻͳͲͳ͵;͹ͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪΒͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳͼ;ͺ;͸͹ͶͰͽ͸ͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ
ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͸ͪΒ͸ͳͱͪͼͽ͹ͺͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ͵͹ͯͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͯͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪ
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͇͵͹ ͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ΒͰ;ͻͳͲͳ͵; ͹ͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͹͵͹ ͺͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ
ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͻͳͲͳ͵;̸͸͵Ͱͽͪ͹ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͳͷͪͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪΒͰ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳͺ;ͽ͸ͪ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͹ͯͷͪΒͪͯ͹Β;Ͷͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͌ͪ͸͵Ͱͽͳ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;ͳͷͪ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶ͹
ΒͰ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͼͽͪͬͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀ ͹ͯ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪi ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ ͼͪ
webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/public/PublicationView.aspx). ͈ͻͰͷͪ͹ͬͳͷͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳ
ͽͳͯͪ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻͰͽͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹
̽ͪ ͫͳͼͷ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͻͰͪͶ͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭͶͳ ͯͪ ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͽͪΔͪ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͯͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͷͪΒ;ͼͽ͹ͺ;͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͶͪͯͳ΀͸ͳͱ;
͹ͯ ͪͯͪΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼͽ͹ͺͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͶͪͯͳ΀͹͵͹ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͷͼͽ͹ͺͪͷͪ;
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ͋ͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͳͯͪͼ;͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;ΕͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹Βͳ;ͽͳ΂;
͸ͪ͹ͯͶͪͭͪΔͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸ͪͼͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷtͫͰͶͰ͵;ͭͰiͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸
΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͈͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͽ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͳ̹;Θͪ͵t̹ͻ͹Βͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷͪͺ͹ͺͳͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͹ͯ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͪ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ̀ͪͯͰͬͰͽ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪ ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰ ͭͻͪͯ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
͆Ͱͭ͹ͽͳ͸ͪi ̹;Θͪ͵ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪͺͻ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪͶͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳt͹ͯͶͳͬiͷͶͪͯ͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭ ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͬͪͳͲͲͰͷΓͰ͇
ͽ͹ͷͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳ̻ͻͰ΂ͳΕt͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͰͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪͼͪͽͻͳͼ;ͷ͹ͻ͸ͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͰͺ͹ͺ;
Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͰΔ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͲͰͷΓͰͼͽͪͻͰΔͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͺͪͯ͸ͪͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͳ
͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͼͽ͹ͺͪͻͪͼͽͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͲͲͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪΒ;Εͳʮ͹ͯͶͳͬ
ͽͪͶͰ͸ͪͽͪʮi ̻ͻͰ΂ͳΕ

͊ͬͳ͹ͬͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͼ;ͷ͹ͻ͸;ͳͲͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪΒ;Ε;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ
ͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͼͬͳ΀ΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
ͷͰͻͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ
184
̸͇͇̺͉͇̺̓͊͊̓́͋́ͅ͏̸͈͉͇͌͏̸͉̾͊͌͋͆̀́͏́̾́͠
̸̸͉̽̾́͆̽͌͊͋́̈́́̀͠͏́̾͠
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪΒͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͵ͼͰ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͬ͹ΒͳͶͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ̀;ͫͳ͸͈͹ͽ͹͵ͳ̀ͬͰ
΂ͪ͸ Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪͶͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;͹ͯ͵ͷ2 ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪΒͰͺ͹ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀͹ͺ΃ͽͳ
͸ͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͬͰΕͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪΒͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͺͻͳͬͻͰ
ͯ͸͹Β ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹Β ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͸ͪ ͻͪͯ; ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽͪ t͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪi ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ ͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ
ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͬͰΕͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ̓͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪiͼͪͼͬ͹
Βͳ΀ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͪͺ͹΃Γͪͬͪ͹ΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͻ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ; ͷͰͽͪͶ;ͻͭͳΒͪ
ͷͪ ͳ ͺͻͰͻͪΌͳͬͪ΂͵ͳͷ Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪ ; ̺;΂ͳͽͻ͸; ; Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪ ẗ́ͪͷ͵͹ͼi ͳ t̾͵ͼͽͻͪi ; ͚ͪ͵͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
tͅͰͽͪͶͳ͵;i ;̻ΔͳͶͪ͸;t̹̻́ͫͪͽͰͻͳΒͰi ;͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸;Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͵ͳͽͪt͍ͪͷͳͺͪi ;͊ͻͫͳ΁ͳͿͪͫ
ͻͳ͵ͪͶ͹ͬͪ΂͵Ͱͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰ ;͊͹ͷͫ͹ͻ;Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵ͪͫͪͽͰͻͳΒͪ͌̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸;ͼ;ͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͰͿͪͫͻͳ͵ͰͲͪͺͻͰͻͪ
ͯ;ͻ;ͯͰͿͶ͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͰͽͪͶ;ͻͭͳΒͪ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪͼͪͽ͹ͺͳ͹͸ͳ΁͹ͷ ͻͪͿͳ͸ͰͻͳΒ͹ͷͳͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹ͶͳͲ͹ͷͼͻͰͫͻͪͳ
ͲͶͪͽͪ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͼͪ ͷͰͽͪͶ;ͻͭͳΒ͹ͷ ΁ͳ͸͵ͪ Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵͹ͷ ͪ͵;ͷ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻͪ Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵͹ͷ
΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͰͻͿ͹ͼͿͪͽͪ ͳ Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸Ͱ ͹ͺͻͰͷͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ ͺͻͪͽͰΕͳͷ ͼͶ;ͱͫͪͷͪ
Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͳ͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͳͼ΀ͻͪ͸͹ͷͳͼͽͻ;΂͸ͳͷͼͶ;ͱͫͪͷͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͻͪͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪ
͵͹ͷͰͻ΁iͳͼͶ;ͱͫͪͲͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰΔͰt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪ͋ͻͪ͸ͼi
͊ͪͷ͹;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͪͷ͹; ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽ;t͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪiΒͰ
ͫͳͶ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ̓͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪiΒͰ͹ͯ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ ͵ͪ͹͹ͫͳ
΂͸Ͱ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͼͪͫͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ Ͳͪ ͸Ͱͺ;͸ͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͻͪͽ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͷ͹ͯͰͻͪ͸ ͳ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͭͻͪͯͼͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͰͽ͸͹ͷͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͹ͷ͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ͳͪͻͪ
ΌͳͬͪͶͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ;͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽ;t͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪiͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪ͸ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯΒͰͳͷͪͶ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͬͰΕͳͳ΃ͳͻͰ
͈ͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ͳͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ΒͰ
ͯͪ ͼͰ ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪ ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͷ ͌ͼͽͪͬͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ̸͈ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷ;ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳͳͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;ͼͬ͹Βͼͪ͸
͹t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳi͋ͳͷͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͌ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼ
ͽͳͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪi;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͻ;͵Ͱ́ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪi ͹ͯͷ͹Ε͸͹ͭͺͻͳͬͻͰ
ͯ͸͹ͭͭͳͭͪ͸ͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͫͪͲͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͭ͹͸ͲͪͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰt̓͹ͼ͹͉ͬͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱi̓͹ͷ
ͫͳ͸ͪͽ t͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪi ͪ ͼͪ Δͳͷ ͳ ͼͬͰ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͳ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳͺͻͰͼͽͪΒ;ͼͪͻͪͯ͹ͷͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ̸͇͆͋ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͇ͯͽͪͯͪͺͪͼͬͰͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽt͋ͻͰͺ΂ͪiͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͫ͸͹ͬΓͰ͸͸ͳͽͳΒͰͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ͼͪͻͪͯ͹ͷ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪΒͰ͹ͯͽͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͭͻͪͯ ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͳ Β;ͱ͸ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͯͰ͹
ͭͻͪͯͪ ͵͹ΒͳͯͰͶͰͫͪͻͳ͵ͪͯͰͳͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ͋ͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͺ͹
ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͯͪ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ;ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͷͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͭͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͻͰͯ͊ͻͫͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹
ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͱͳͬͰͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͪ;Β;ͱ͸͹ͷͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͭͻͪͯͪͱͳͬͰͼͪͷ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͈ͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹;ͭͪ΃Ͱ͸

͇͊͏̸̸̸̸͇̺̺͇͇̺͇͉͇̺́̈́͆́͊͋͋͌͊͊͋͆͆́͑͋͌̓͊͊̓́͋́͠͠ͅ͏́
̸̸̸̸͇̺͉͇͎͊͊͋͆͊͋͋͌͊̈́̽́ͅͅ
͈ͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͳͲ ̻͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͭ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ ͅͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ Ͳͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͪͯ ;
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ Ͳͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸; t͌ ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͷ ͯͰͶ; ͭͻͪͯͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪͱͳͬͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳΓ;ͯͳ͈ͻͰͷͪͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͳͅͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͲͪ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͪͯ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͯ ΂ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼ; ͳ͸ͭͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͈ͰΕ ́ͼͽ͹͵
̓Ͷͳ͸ͪ ͳ ͇ͻͪ΀͹ͬͪ΁ ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ΒͰ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹-ͺͻͪͬ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͼͪͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳ
Β͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼ; ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͬͳͯ͹ͬͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͪͬͪΔͪͳͽ͹ͳͲͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸Ͱ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͰ΁Ͱ- 1.747-ͻ͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ
ͳͲ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͷͶͪͯͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ-ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
¢ Ͷͳ΁ͪͲͪͽͳͷͳͲ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳ΀
Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ-ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
¢ Ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͳͳͲ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͽͪͻͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯͳ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
– Ͷͳ΁ͪ͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳ;ͯͰ͹;;͵;ͺ͸͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͷͶͪͯͪͳ͹ͯͻͪͼͶͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͽΒͷͶͪͯͳͳ͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳͫͻͪ΂͸ͳͺͪͻ͹ͬͳͼͪΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͯͬ͹ΒͰͳͬͳ΃ͰͯͰ΁Ͱi
̻͹ͯͳ΃ΔͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͹ͻͪͯ;ͅͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͯ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪͲͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸; ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰͲͪͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰ ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͻͰͯ
͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪͳ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ̀;ͫͳ͸͈͹ͽ͹͵ ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ ͊ͻͫͳ΁;
́ͼͽ͹͵ ̻͹ͻͪͱͯͰͬͪ΁ͳ̺;΂ͳͽͻ͸ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰͺͻͰ͵͹͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͹ͯ΂ͰͭͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β
͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ¢ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪ
ͬͳΕ ͼͪ ͳͼͽͳͷ ͫͻ͹ΒͰͷ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ̹ͻ͹Β ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͼͽͰ ΒͰͻ ͼͰ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͳΒͪͬΓ;Β;
͸͹ͬͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͯͰ͹Γ;ͯͳ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͫͰͲͺ͹ͼͶͪͳΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͬͳ΃ͪ͵ͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳΓ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳ
ͼ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͵ͪͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸;ͫͰͲͺ͹ͼͶͪͼͰͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͺͻͰͫͳͬͪͶͳ
΃ͽͪ ͺͻͳΒͪͬΓ;Β; ͸ͪ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ Ͳͪ Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
̻͹ͯͳ΃ΔͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͹ͻͪͯ;ͅͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͯ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪͲͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸; ͼͽͻ

͌͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪtͅͶͪͯͳͼͰͺͳͽͪΒ;i͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͪt̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͿ͹͸ͯͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹iͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͊ͽͰͿͪ͸̺ͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ͇ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ
Ͱͯ;͵ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͵Ͷ;ͫͪ t͊ͳ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͪi ͳͲ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰ͹
t͉ͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;Ϳͻͪͺͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ
ͽͳͱͰͶͳͯͪ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳͼͰͬͰͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͌ͫͰͯΓͳͬ͹͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͶͪͯͳ΀;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͳ͸ͪ΁ͰͶ͹ͷͼͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ΒͰͼͽͰ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ͆ͪ͵͹͸͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͬͰͶͳͼ;͸ͪͼͳΓͰ;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͳ Ͳͪͽͳͷ
Ͷ͹΃͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͳ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͷͰΌ;ͷͶͪͯͳͷͪ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͯͪ
ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ͹͸ͳͷ΃ͽ͹ͳͷ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͱͳͬͰͺͻ;ͱͪΒ;ͳ͹ͬͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ
;ͯͪͻͪ΁ͲͪͼͬͰ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͫ͹ͻͫͳͲͪͫ͹Γ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀͊ͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ
ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ͹ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͵Γ;΂ͲͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͫͳͼͰ
ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪͶͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͷͶͪͯͳͱͳͬͰi ̺ͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ
.
186
͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΕͰ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹̹ͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵ͳͷͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͷͳ;͵ͳͯͪΔͰͷͳ͸ͼͽ;
ͽ;΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪΕͰ
ͷ͹ͻͪͽͳͯͪͱͳͬͳͺ͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪt͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹iͳͫͳΕͰtͼͻͰΕͪ͸iͪ͵͹ͭͪ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ
ͻͪͯͫ;ͯͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͹;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͼͽͻ;΂͸ͳͷͼͶ;ͱͫͪͷͪͳͻͪͲͬͻͼͽͪ͹;͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;
¢ Ͷͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΒ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ
¢ Ͷͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;;ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
͵;΀ͳΔͰ
¢ Ͷͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΒ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͌͆́̓ͅ-ͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͪͯͪͬͰΕt͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i
̀ͪͼͬͰ͹ͬͰtͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͰiͳtͺͻͪͬͪiͼͬͪ͵ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹ͻͪΕͰͯͪ
ͺͻͳͫͪͬͳͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;t͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͽͰ ͺͪͼ͹΃ͪͳͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͰ͹ͷͰͼͽ;
ͺͻͰͫͳͬͪͶͳ΃ͽͪ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̺ͻͰͷͰ;͵͹ͷͰͱͳͬͳͷ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹-
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸̺ͪͻͰͷͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹ͪͺͼ;ͻͯͳͷͪͳ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹
ͼͰ͸ͪΓ;ͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁Ͱ ͪ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵͹Βͳͷͪ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;
͊ͬͰ;͵;ͺ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͳ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͪ
ͫ͹Γͳ΀ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͯ͹͸Ͱ͹ ͸ͪͷ ΒͰ Β͹΃ ΂ͳͽͪͬ ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼ ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͯͳ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͪ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͳ ͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͪ Ͳͪ ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ Ͳͪ ͷͶͪͯͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬͰ
͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͆ͳ͵ͪͯͪͫͻͱͰͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͻ͹ͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͪΕͰΔͰͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷ͹ΕͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͷͪͶ͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪΓ;ͯͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͳ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͰΔͰ ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͇ͬ͹ ͼͽͪΔͰ ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪ;ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͭͯͰͼͰ͸ͪ΃Ͷͪͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
ͯ͹͸ͰͶͳͼ;ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͺΓͪ΂͵ͪ΃͵ͰͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ͋ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ;ͼͶͰͯ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪͳ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͽͰͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳ̸͇͆͋ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;̀ͪͽ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
ͬͳͼ͹͵ͪͼͽ͹ͺͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͪ΃ͽ͹ͲͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͰ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳ
ͽ͹ͷͶͪͯ͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳt͹ͯͶͳͬiͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͯ͹͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;ͯ͹΃ͶͰͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͫͪͬͰͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͷͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ
ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͶͪͯͳ΀͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼ
ͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͪͲͪͽͳͷΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͵ͪ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͰͲͪͲͪ
ͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬ͹ ͫͰͼͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͰ͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͶͪͯͳ΀;
187
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳ ;ͻͪͯ;ͬͰΕ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ Ϳͻͪͺͪ͸ͽͪ͸ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͯͪ΂ͪ͵ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͱͰͶͳͯͪ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳͼͰͬͰͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͵͹ͯͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͪͳͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸ͪ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͿͳͲͳ΂͵;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͸ͪ͹ͬͳͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͆ͪͷͰΕͰͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪΒͰͬͳͼ͹͵ͪͼͽ͹ͺͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ
͸͹ͼͽͳͷͶͪͯͳ΀;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͪΔͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͫͰͼͺͰͼͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͪ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͸ͪͻ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ;ͺ͹ͻ͹
ͯͳ΁ͳͳ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪͷͰΌ;ͷͶͪͯͳͷͪ
̀ͪͽ͹͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͼͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͰͫͪͲͳͻͪͽͳ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪ΀;ͷͪ͸͹ͭ ͳ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰΔͪ
ͿͳͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͷͰͻͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ; ΁ͳΓ; ͼͷͪΔͰΔͪ
͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͰͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͳͼ;ͲͫͳΒͪΔͪͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ Ͳͪ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͪ͸ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͳ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͶͪͯ͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͳ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈

̓ͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΁ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͹ͭͶͰͯͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̹Ͱ͵ ͌
͉ͳͲͳ΂͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi.
̹͹Ͷ΂ͳΕ ͊ ͅͳͶͳΕ ̸
͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ
͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͍͍́͊́
̹;Θͪ͵ ̻
͌Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹ͿͪͶ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͪ t͇ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵i ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͳ ͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪΔ; ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ; ̽
̹ͪͽͪͬͰΓͳΕ ;ͻ
. ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ¢ ͼͬͰΕͪ͵͹Βͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͻͰͬͪ ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵
̺ͻΔͪ΂͵̹ͪͪΔͪ́͸ͽͰͻ
͵Ͷͳͷͪ-ͭͻͪͿͳ͵ͪ
̺ͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͊ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͪͻ
ͅͶͪͯͳ͸ͰͬͳͯͰͼͬ͹Β;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͈ͪͻͰ;
ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQXXXQPMJUJLBST
̻Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ͊͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͌͆
͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ ͹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ;͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ
Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀
̻͹ͯͳ΃ΔͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͹ͻͪͯ;ͅͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͯ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪͲͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸;
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪͅͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͯ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
̻ͻͰ΂ͳΕ ̺
͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͼͪͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͰͱ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷ͈ͪͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪ
www.pfm.rs/nezaposlenost.
̈́ͪ͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕ ͅ
͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͳͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͍͈ͪͯ͆
188
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ̹
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͽͰͷͪͽͳ͹ͻͪͯ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ͆͹ͬͳ͈͊ͪͯͻ͹ͷͰ
ͽͰΒ
͉̀͊ ͪͺͻͳͶ
͊ͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵ͳ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪͼͽͪͽͳͼ
ͽͳ͵;͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪXFCS[TTUBUHPWST8FC4JUFQVCMJD1VCMJDBUJPO7JFXBTQY
M"3*+",("-+",
SOCIAL STATUS OF YOU5) IN KOSOVSKA MITROVICA AS A CONSEQUENCE OF

5)&130$&440'(-0#"-*;"5*0/"/%
WAR IN KOSOV0"/%.&50)*+"
SUMMARY
Neoliberal ideology that accompanies the process of globalization, with the aim of creating the
global market where the conditions for free and unimpeded flow of capital, people, and all kinds of goods
and services should be created, made important and radical changes in all spheres of human life. One of
significant consequences of contemporary processes of globalization is the creation of the ‘risk society’. Eco-
nomically underdeveloped countries and countries with the socialist social system, whose economy is based
on public ownership and planned economy, have had particularly bad experience, as is the case for Serbia. In
order to join modern and developed countries, Serbia had to begin the process of post-socialist transition.
Unfortunately, Serbia had to respond this challenge in the most unfavourable moment, in the period when
the process of disintegration of Yugoslavia and the civil war began, when economic sanctions were imposed
against Serbia, and Albanian terrorism and separatism culminated in Kosovo and Metohija causing NATO
bombing in 1999, as well as the forcible separation of the province of Kosovo and Metohija and its admin-
istration under UNMIK and KFOR. All these processes have negatively reflected on the life and social status
of youth in Serbia, with a particular emphasis on youth in Kosovo and Metohija, who are faced with despair
and the lack of perspective because of the impossibility of providing employment opportunities. The aim of
this paper is to present the social status and increase in unemployment and poverty of youth in Kosovska
Mitrovica, which, as a result of these processes, was turned from a typical industrial town into a deindustrial-
ized environment with no future for young citizens.
,&:803%4 globalization, war, young people , social status, unemployment, poverty.
189

̸̸̸͉͇̺͚̻͇̺̽͊̈́ͣ́͆́ͣ 1
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ, ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̸̸̸̸͈͇͇͉̺̻͉͇̻͌̀͌ͣ́͊́͆̈́́̀̀͆͌͋͠ͅ
̸̸̸̸͇͍̹̓͆̈́́̓͋͆̈́̓͆͌
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͇ͬͪΒͻͪͯΒͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳ͸ͪ;΂͸;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͰͬ͹Β͸Ͱ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͷ͹Εͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-
ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͇͸ͳͼ;͹΀ͻͪͫͻͰ͸ͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰͷ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ
͌͆ͳ̾͌ͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͲͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ
̾͌ͳ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ͈͌͆͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͻͰͪͶ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͷͻͲͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
ͳͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼ;ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͬͰΕͳͯͰ͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬͪ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͲͪͷͻͲ
͸;ͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽΒͰͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͼ;͵͹ͫͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸͹Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳ͹ ͪͶͳ;͵͹ΒͰͷ͸ͳͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ
͸ͳͽͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
͆ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͰΕͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͳͽͳͼͰ΁ͰͼͳΒ͹ͷ̓͹ͼPͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͹ͯ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͇͸ͳΕͰ;ͺͻͬ͹ΒͿͪͲͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒBͽͳͯͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰtͬͰͶͳ͵͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i ΒͰͻͼ;͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸͹ͬͳΒ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;Βͪͬ͸͹
ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͰͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͽͰͱΔͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͳͱͳͬͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͺͻͰͷͪͪ
Β;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵;
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͅͰͯͬͰΌͪ ̹;Βͪ͸͹ͬͪ΁ ͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ͹
;͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪt̽ͪͻͯͪ͸ͳΒͪiͫ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ;
͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪt͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹iͬ
͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳ ͈Ͷͪͬ ̻;ͼͳΔͰ ̹ͪͻ ͊;ͽ͹ͷ͹ͻͰ ͌Ͷ΁ͳΔ
;͹͵ͬͳͻ;
ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪtͪͅͶͰͼͳΒͪi ͭ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Βͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪt́ͶͳͻͳΒͪiͳͯ
ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹Β̻ͻ΂͵͹Β ;
͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ t̾ͺͳͻi ̸͵͹ ͼͰ ͽͪ͵ͬͰ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͽͰͱΔͰ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ ͽͪͯͪ ͫͳ ͽͲͬ
ͬͰͶͳ͵͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͳͶ͹ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͳͶͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͼͪͬͰͲͼ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ
ͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͫͳͫͳͶͪ͸ͰͭͯͰ͹͵͹͵ͷ2 ͳ͸ͪΔ͹ΒͫͳͱͳͬͰͶ͹ –ͷͳͶͳ͹͸̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ
͊ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷ͹ͫͳͯͪΓ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺͻͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ̸Ͷͫͪ
͸ͪ΁ͪͳ͸ͪΒͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͪͲͬͪͶ͹͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷͳͶͳ̻ͻ΂͵͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹
͵ͪ ͽͻͰΕͰͷ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͻͪͽ; ͇ͬ͹ ΒͰ ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͳ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͰ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β
;͸ͳΒͳ ͪ͹͸ͯͪͳ͇͌͆
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͪ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͶͪͽDPOGMJDUVT ͼ;͵͹ͫ ͽͻͬͰΔͰ ͹ͯDPOGJHFSF ;ͯͪͻͳͽͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͽͳͼͰͰ͸ͭͶDPO

GMJDU
ͼ;͵͹ͫ ͫ͹ͻͫͪ ͼͺ͹ͻ ͽͪ͵͹ͼͰ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻ͹ͬͳͳͼ;
͵͹ͫͳͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͺͻ;ͻͪͯ;͸Ͱ͵ͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ

ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ͹ͫͳͷͪͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪ
1
gacinovicr@gmail.com
190
̸̸̸͉͇̺͚̻͇̺̽͊̈́ͣ́͆́ͣ͌ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͼͳͭ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽ͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;
ͯͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳ ͻͪͽ͹ͷ ̓ͻͳͬ͹͵ͪͺͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭ ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹Βͷͪ
t͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽi ͽͻͰͫͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͽͳ ͺͻͬ͹ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͵ͪ͹ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪ ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ ͷ͸͹ͭͰ ͬͳͯ͹ͬͰ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͵ͪ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼ;͵͹
ͫͳͷͪ͆ͪ;΂͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͼͰ ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪͶͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͰͬͻͼͽͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ
ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͫ͹ͻͫͰ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ͌ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ; ͯͪ
͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͬͳͯ͹ͬͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͼͰ ͹ͼͳͷ͸ͪͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͻ;ͭͰͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͺͻͳ
ͼͽ;ͺͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹ͼͶͪΔͪΒ;͸ͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ Boulding ͼͽͻ
͈͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͬͪͱ͸͹ ΒͰ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͽͳ ͹ͯͶͳ͵Ͱ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
ͼͺ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ;ͫ͹ͻͫͳͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸;;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͼ;͵͹ͫ
͊;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳ
͆ͪΒ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬ͸ͳΒͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;Βͪͼ͸Ͱͺ͹
ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪͳͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ
΁ͳ ͳͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͶͪͼͪͳͶͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͰͷͪΒ;;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͱͯ͹
͸͹΃ͰΔͪͳͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͷͰͻ͇ͪͬͯͰΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͬͪͱ͸͹ͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪͼ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͸
ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͸ͪΒ;ͺͰ΂ͪͽΓͳͬͳΒͳͺͻͳͷͰͻ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͯͻͱͳͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͳͺͻ͹ͬ͹΁ͳͻͪ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͊;͵͹ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͋Ͱ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͳͼͺͳͽ;Β;ͫ͹ͻͫͰ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ; ͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ ͬͳͯ͹ͬͳ ͺͻͳ͸;ͯͰ
͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͰΕͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͳͶͳ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͲͪͺͻͰΕͰ͸͹ ͳ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹
ͬͪ͸ͳ͌ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪͼͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ;΀͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪ
ͬͳͶͪ́ͲͬͰͼ͸ͰͬͻͼͽͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͼͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ;Β;ͳͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Βͪͺͻͪͬͳ
ͶͪͳͭͻͰ ͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;ΒͰͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸;ͺͪͱΔ;͋ͪ͵ͬͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͭͶͪͼͰ;͹΂ͳͽͳ;ͼ;͵͹
ͫͳͷͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ;ͺͻͪͬͰ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͽ͹͵͹ͷXIX ͬͰ͵ͪ Dahrendorf ͼͽͻ
ͪ;
ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳXX ͳ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;XXI ͬͰ͵ͪ ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͼͰ
ͺͪͱΓͳͬ͹ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ͹ ͳ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͹ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ
;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪ͸͸ͪͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉ͬͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͆Ͱ͵ͳͽͰ͹
ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ;ͯͪͳͲ͸ͪΌ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͼ;ͯͪͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͼ;͵͹͇ͫͬͯͰͼͰͷͳͼͶͳ͸ͪͬ͹Β͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰͳͷ͸͹ͭͰͲͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵Ͱͫ͹ͻͫͰͲͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰ ̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͷͪΔͰ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͳ ͽͻͪͭͪΒ; Ͳͪ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪ
ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͫ͹ͻͫͰ͆Ͱ͵ͳͼ; ͹ͺͰͽ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͲͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͽ͹͹ͺ΃ͽͳͷͲͪ΀ͽͰͬ͹ͷͲͪͺͻͪͬͯ;ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ ͽͰͼͽͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͷͭͶͰͯͪΒ;͸ͪ
ͼ;͵͹ͫͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬͰͯͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ̓;ͺͰͻ̓;ͺͰͻ ͼͽͻ–
̓ͻͪΒͰͷ͎͎ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷXXI
ͬͰ͵ͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭͼͬͰͬͰΕͰͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ͹͵ͶͪΔͪͶͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ΒͳͬͰͻͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ;
ͬͰͲͳͼΔͳͷͪ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͼͽͻͪ΃͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͼͬͰ΃ͳͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͬͰ
ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͻͷͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͶͰ ͼ; ͹ͼ;ͯ;͵ͻ΃ͳͽͰΓͪͽͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳ ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹Ε;ͼͺ͹Γ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͫͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͺͻͳ
ͷͰΔͳͬͪ͹ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ̸͇͆͋ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͊ͻͫͪ ͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸;
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪ ͬ͹Β͸ͪ ͼͳͶͪ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ;ͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͬͪͲͯ;΀͹ͺͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ͵ͪ͹ͬͪͲͯ;΀͹ͺͶ͹ͬ͸;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Β͇̺̓
191
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͯͪͫͳͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͈ͪͻͬ͹ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹
ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͳͷͪΒ;͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹;͸Ͱ͵͹Β
ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β ͭͻ;ͺͳ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͹͸ͳ ͺͪͽͰ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ; ͯͪ ͼ; ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ ͳͶͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͺͻͰͽͻͺͰͶͳ ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͯ; ͋ͻͰΕͰ,
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͺͪͽΔ; ͽͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͽͰͯͻ;ͭͰ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͵ͪ͵͹
ͫͳ;ͷͪΔͳͶͳͼͬ͹Β;ͺͪͽΔ;͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰͬͰͻ;Β;ͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͽͳͽͰ͹ͼ͹ͫͰͳͯͪΕͰͽͳͷͰͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳͼͬ͹Β
΁ͳΓ͆Ͱ͵ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͳͼͽͳ΂;ͯͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ͸ͪ΃Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͳ
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͯͻ;ͭͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͪͬͪΒ;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃ͰͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͪ
͵͹Βͳͷͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰ͵ͻͰΕ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͇ͬͯͰͼͰͷͳͼͶͳ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͼͻͪͼͳͲͷ͹ͷͳͶͳ
Ͱͽ͸͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͷ͹ͷ͆ͪ;΂͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͪͬͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͰͼͶͪͱ;ͼͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ
͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͭͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͶͳ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹͹ͼͰΕͪΒͪͺͪͽΔͰ Gurr,
ͼͽͻ
͐ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ
Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰͲͫ͹ͭ΂Ͱͭͪ͹͸Ͱ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Β͹΃ͬͰΕͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ ͵͹Βͳ
ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͯͪͼͰͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
;ͬͰͻͰΔͰͷͯͪͷ͹ͱͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͽͳTUBUVTRVP ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪ͹ͼ;ΒͰͽͳͽͰ ͺ͹͵;
΃ͪΒͰ ̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪ ͺͪͱΔ; ͸ͪ ͺͻͳ͸;ͯ; ͳ ΔͰ͸;
Ͱͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒ; ͈ͻͳ͸;ͯͪ ͵͹Β͹Β ͼͰ ͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪ ; ͬ͹ΌͰΔ; ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰ ͬͪͻͳͻͪ ͺ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ; ͳ
ͻͪͲͷͰͻͪͷͪ ͼ ͽͳͷ ͯͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳͷͪ ͳ ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͸;ͯ͸͹ ͸ͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͰ ̽͹͵ ͺͻͳ͸;ͯͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ΂ͳͽͪͬ ͸ͳͲ
͸ͪͼͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͸;ͯͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͰͯͪͼͰͯͻ;ͭͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ;ͫͰͯͳͳ
ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͫͰΕͪΔͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ Kriesberg ͼͽͻ

͌͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͬͳͷͼ;ͺͪͻ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ;΂Ͱͼ
͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͷ͹ͭ;;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ͸ͪͰͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͯͰͲͰͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒ;
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ
̸̻̺͈͇͆̾͋́͆̾͊̈́̾̽́͏̸̸̻͇̹̾̈́̈́́̀͏̸͇̺͇́̾̓͌̽͠
̸̸̸͇͍̹͌̓͆̈́́̓͋̾͆̈́̓͆͌
͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺͻͪͽͰͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͳͽ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷ
ͅͰΌ;Δͳͷͪͼ;͸ͪΒͳͲͻͪͲͳͽͳΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ͈ͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓ;ΒͰͼͰΒͪͲͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ – ͫ͹ͭͪͽͰ
ͲͰͷΓͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͰ ͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͰΒ͹΃ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͰ ͯͪͬͰΕͳͼͰͺ͹ͯͽͰͻͰͽ͹ͷ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͯ;ͭ͹ͬͪ
͈͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͼͰ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͪ͸͹ͬͳͽͪͶͪͼͳͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͳ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͺͻͰͺͶͪͬΓ;Β;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͳ;ͼ͵͹ͷͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ;
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ ͲͰͷΓͰͭ;ͫͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸Ͱͪͬ͠ΓͪΒ;ͼͰ͸͹ͬͳͻͪͲͯ͹ͻͳͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;͌ ͼͬͳͷ
ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͼͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͷͪͶͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳΒͪ͵ͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ
ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͫͪͬͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͷͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͊ͶͰͯͰΕͪͼ͵;ͺͳ͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͺͻͳ
Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳͻͳͽͪͷͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷΒͰͲͭͻ;́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͳ
Γ;ͯͳͱͳͬͰ͸ͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΒ;;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͼͺ͹ͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ͆ͪͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪͼͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ ͺ͹ͯͻͳͬͪΒ;ͼͰͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;
΁ͳΒͰͳͽͪ͵͹ͼͶͪͫͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹
192
Ͷͳ΃;;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ΒͰͻͼ;͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸ͳͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪͻͰͯͫͪͷͪͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ͌ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͭͶͪͬ͸; ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;
ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͼͳͶͰ ͺͻͰ ͼͬͳ΀ ̸͊̽ ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ Ͳͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͽͲͬ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͬͰ͸ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪͳ͸ͪΒͪͬ͹ͷ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͳͼ;ͺͰͻͻͪͲ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰͳͬ͹Β͸Ͱͪͼ͹΁ͳ
Βͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͪ΂ͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Β;;Ͷ͹ͭ; ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹̸͇͆͋ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ΃ͳͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͳͼͽ͹͵; ͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ
ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ̺ͭͪͻ΃ͪͬͼ͵͹ͭͺͪ͵ͽͪͳͺ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͪͻͷͳΒͰ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͷͪͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷͪ ͌ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͰͳ͸͹ͬͰ ͬ͹Β͸Ͱͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰ ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͪͬͪΒ;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;͸;͵ͶͰͪͻ͸͹ͭ
͹ͻ;ͱΒͪ ;ͷͪΔ;Β;ͼͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͶ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ̀ͪͽ͹͹͸Ͱ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͻͰͽΔ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ΃ͽ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵;ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹
ͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͰͽ͸͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͷͪͳ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳΒͰ ͺͪͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͳ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ2 ́͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͪͬͪΔͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͪͬͪͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͪΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳ ΃ͽ͹ ;Ͳͻ͹͵;ΒͰ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸ͪ ͲͪͭͪΌͰΔͪ ͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪ
ͬ͹ͯͰͳͬͪͲͯ;΀̺ͪͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͫͰͲͺ͹ͼͶͪ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰΔͰ͸͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͳ͵͹ͻ;
ͺ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ; ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ͸Ͱ ͫͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͈;ͽͰͬͳ ͯͻ͹ͭͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͰΓ;ͯͳͷͪ ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͷͳͯͻ;ͭͳͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͺͻͰͶͪͲͰͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͳ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͰ ; ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳͷͪ ̀ͪͽͳͷ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ ͼͰ
͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Β͹ΒͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ;Β;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ ͺͪͼͰ;ͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ;΃ͳͻͰΔͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͶͳͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͪ͸ͪͬͶͪͯͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͯͪͺͻͳ
΀ͬͪͽͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;Ͷͪ͵͹ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͵͹ͻ;ͷͺͳͻͪͽͳ
͋Ͱͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷΒͰ;ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ; ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͰͽΔͪͼͪͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ;͇͸͸ͪͷͰΕͰͳͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͻ;ͭͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͳͯ;;ͺͻͪͬ΁;ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪ
ͻͰͺͻͰͼͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͬͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸Ͱͫ͹ͻͫͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͺͻͰͬͰ͸ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͼͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͰͽͰ͵͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͵ͻͰͽͪ
Δͪ
̀ͪͽ͹Γ;ͯͳ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͱͳͬͰ;͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ͷͼͽͻͪ΀; ̹ͪͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ–260).
͈͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸;ͺͻͪͽͳͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵;;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ-
΁ͳΒͰ͊ͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪXX ͬͰ͵ͪͲͪͭͪΌͰΔͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͰͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͼͪͷ͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ
͋Ͱ͵ͼ;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪXX ͬͰ͵ͪͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͹΃ͽͰ
ΕͰΔͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͳͲͪ͹΃ͽͻͪͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰ
ͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͺͻͳͬͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ3 ͈͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͺͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͲͪͭͪΌͰΔͪ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͰͻͼ͵ͳͷ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͺͻͳͬͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ ΒͰͼͽͰͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͳͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΔͪͻͳͲͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ;ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻ͸Ͱͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸Ͱ
2
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;ΒͰͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻ;͠͹ͲͰͿͪ͑;ͷͺͰͽͰͻͪ Joseph Schumpeter
͹͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Β
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͫ;ͻͳt͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͯͰͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰi͆ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͻͰͽ͵͹͵ͪͯ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͽͪͫͳͶͪ͸ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ ͸ͪ ͼͬͳͷ Ϳͻ͹͸ͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ̽͹͵ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ ͫͻͲ͹ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;
ͯͻ;ͭͳͼͰͼͷͪΔ;Β;ͳ͸ͰͼͽͪΒ; ̓͹Ͱ͸ ͼͽͻ. 30).
3
͌ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͫͻ͹Βͷ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͺ͸Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͼͽͪͼͷͪΔͰ͸ΒͰͲͪ ͪͬͻͼͽͰ͵͹ΒͰͱͳͬͰ
;ͼͶͪͽ͵ͳͷͬ͹ͯͪͷͪͲͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͷͪΔͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪͬͰΕͼͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͰͲͪ
͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪΓ;ͯͳ͸ͪ̀ͰͷΓͳ ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͍͹͸ͯͪͲͪ͸Ͱͽͪ͵͸;ͽ;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;Ͳͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸; ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ, 22.
͹͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻ

193
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱ tͽͻͰΕͰͭ ͼͬͰͽͪi ͆ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͼͰ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ; tͽͻͰΕͰͭ ͼͬͰͽͪi ͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱ;ΒͰ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ
͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͻͳͲͳ΂͸Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͻͪͲ
ͷͰͻͪͷͪͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͯͪͼͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͫͰͯͪͺ͹͵Ͷͪͺͪͼͪ ͼͶͰͺͳͶ͹ͷͲͪͻͳͲͳ͵Ͱ ̹Ͱ͵ ͼͽͻ
62–
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; XX ͬͰ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͷͰͽͪͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ̸͇͆͋ ΂ͳΒͰ ͼ;ͬͪͲͯ;΀͹ͺͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ͸ͪ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͫͪ΁ͳͶͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯ͵ͭ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭ ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͻͪͼ
ͽͳ΂͸͹͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͪͽͪͳͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽΒͰͽ͹͹ͻ;ͱΒͰ;ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ
͸ͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ; ͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸͹ ͲͪͭͪΌͰΔͰ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͰ Γ;ͯͳ ͺͻͳ
ͷͰΔͰ͸͹͸ͪͽͪ͵͹ͷͪͶ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ̸͇͆͋ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͪΒͰ͸ͪͻ;΃ͳͶͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫ
Ͷͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͪ ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒ;ͷ͹ͷ ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ ͲͪͭͪͯͳͶͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸;
ͼͻͰͯͳ͸; ;͵͹Β͹Βͼ;;ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͷ͸͹ͭͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͯ;ͱͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ
ͼͳͶͰͼ;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺͻͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;Εͳͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹
ͼͽͪΔͰͳͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͵͹ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ;ͲͺͻͳͷͰ͸;͸ͪͼͳΓͪ͸ͪͯ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͈͇͇͉̺̻͉͇̻͇͍̹͌̀͌ͣ́͊́͆̈́́̀̀͆͌͋̓͆̈́́̓͋͆̈́̓͆͌͠ͅ
̸̸̸̸̸̹͇̻͇̹̺͇̺͉̀͆́̽̾̾͊͋͌͢͢͡͠t̸̸̺̹̾̈́́̓̾̈́͆́̾͠i
̀ͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽΒͰͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͻͪͽ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫ Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳ͹ ͪͶͳ;͵͹ΒͰͷ͸ͳͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͳ
ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͸ͳͽͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͯ͹Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪ
ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ̀ͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼͰͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β;;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;
ͼ;͵͹ͫ; ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͸ͪΕͳ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ; ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ; ͇ͫͳ΂͸͹ ͼͰ ͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺ͹ͯ
ͺ͹͵ͻ͹ͬͳͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵ͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰͯ͹͵ͼͰ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
͇͸͸ͰͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͽͻͪΒͰͯ;ͭ͹ ΒͰͻͼͰͽͪͯͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͺ;͵͹ͽͳ͸ͰͳͲ͵͹Βͳ΀ͳͲͻͪͼͽͪΒ;Β͹΃͹ͺͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ
ͼ͹ΒͰͬͳ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͬͻͶ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͯͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪΒ;ͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͆ͪΒ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͳͺͻͳͷͰͻ
͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͭͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽ͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪΒͰͼͽͰͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;
΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͪ͵;΁Ͱ͸;΀͹ΕͰ ͯͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ; ͬ͹Βͼ͵;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ ͽ͹ ;
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲ͉ͪͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ̹͊ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ̾͌͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͸ͳͽͳͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ΂ͪ͵͸ͳ͹͸ͳͺ͹ͯͺ͹͵ͻ͹ͬͳͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹ͷ̾͌ ͸Ͱ
͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β; ΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺͻͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͲͪͷͻ
Ͳ͸;ͽͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͽͰͱΔͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͫͳͽͳ
ͬͻͶ͹ͫͻͲ͹͹ͯͷͻͲ͸;ͽͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͳͻͪ͸
͆ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͰΕͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͳͽͳͼͰ΁ͰͼͳΒ͹ͷ̓͹ͼPͬͪͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͇͸ͳΕͰ ; ͺͻͬ͹ΒͿͪͲͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒBͽͳ ͯͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰtͬͰͶͳ͵͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i ΒͰͻ ͼ; ͽ͹͵͹ͷ
͸͹ͬͳΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ Βͪͬ͸͹ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͽͰͱΔͰ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͱͳͬͰ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͪ
Β;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵; ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͅͰͯͬͰΌͪ ̹;Βͪ͸͹ͬͪ΁ ͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ͹
; ͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ
t̽ͪͻͯͪ͸ͳΒͪi ͫ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ t͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i ͬ
͏ͻ͸͹Β ̻͹ͻͳ
͈Ͷͪͬ ̻;ͼͳΔͰ ̹ͪͻ ͊;ͽ͹ͷ͹ͻͰ ͌Ͷ΁ͳΔ
;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪtͪͅͶͰͼͳΒͪiͭ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Βͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳ;
͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪt́ͶͳͻͳΒͪiͳͯ
ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹Β̻ͻ΂͵͹Β ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪt̾ͺͳͻi̸͵͹ͼͰͽͪ͵ͬͰͰ͵ͼͺͪ-
͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͽͰͱΔͰ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ ͽͪͯͪ ͫͳ ͽͲͬ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͭͻͪͯͳͶ͹ ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͶͳ
194
͵͹͸ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͼͪͬͰͲͼ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͫͳͫͳͶͪ
͸ͰͭͯͰ͹͵͹͵ͷ2 ͪ͸ͪΔ͹ΒͫͳͱͳͬͰͶ͹ –ͷͳͶͳ͹͸̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͊ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷ͹ͫͳͯͪΓ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺͻͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ͸ͪΒͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͪͲͬͪͶ͹͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷͳͶͳ̻ͻ΂͵͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ
͸͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹͵ͪͽͻͰΕͰͷͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͽ;͇ͬ͹ΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͰͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͪ
͹͸ͯͪͳ͇͌͆͠Ͱͻ ͫͰͲ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳͼͺ;͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;͵͹ΒͪΒ͹ΒΒͰ
͸ͪ͵͹͸ͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳͲ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪͷ͹Εͳ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͪ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͭͻͪͷͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ
͵ͪ͸; ͆ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͽͳ΀ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͽͰ΃͵͹ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ ͯͰͶͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͯͪͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
ͽͪ͵͹
ͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸ ͳ ͯͪ ΕͰ ͼͰ ͽͳ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳ ͳ ;΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ ͫͰͲ ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͵͹ ΕͰ ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͬͶͪͯͪͽͳ ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪͳͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͯͰͷ͹
͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ;ͽ͹ͷͰͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ; ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͳͷ͸ͰͲͪͬͰͼͰͲͪͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵Ͱͷ͹
ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸Ͱͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳͷͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳͷͪ(Gaǀinoviǀ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;XXI ͬͰ͵ͪͼͪͼͬͳͷΒͰͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͯͪͺͪͻ͹ͶͰ͹΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͷͷͳͼͳΒͪͷͪͳͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͳ
ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͸ͳͼ; ;
ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͻͰͪͶ͸͹΃Ε; ͪͳͲͶͪͲͳͳͲͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͶͪͬͳͻͳ͸ͽͪͼ;ͽͰͱͳͳ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺͻͰͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ
͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͯͰͪͶͳͲͷ;ͳͳͶ;ͲͳΒͪͷͪ ͼͽͪΔͰ;ͽ͹Βͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͯͰͶ;͸͹ͬ͹tͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΔͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi ͯͪ ͼͰ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͸Ͱ ͼͽͳ΃ͪͬͪΒ; ͪ ͯͪ
ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͰͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͳͳͲͬͪ͸ΔͰͭͪ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͳ͸ͪΒͪͬΓ;Β;
͹ͼͬͰͽ; t͸Ͱ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi ̸ͻͫͳͽͻͪͻ͸͹ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͻͪΔͰ ͳ ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ ͺͻͰͼͰ΁ͪΔͰ
t̻͹ͻͯͳΒͰͬ͹ͭ΂ͬ͹ͻͪi;͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͷͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻͳͲ͸͹ͷͱͪͻͳ΃ͽ; ͺͻͰ͵ͻͪΒͪΔͰͷͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ
΁ͪ ͽͰͱͪ͵ΒͰ;ͯͪͻ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͬͰΕͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ;
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͵ͪ͹ͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ; ͼͬͰͽ; ͪͅͽͳΕ͚;ͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ
–128).
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ͸ͰͷͪͬͰΕͰͭͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹ͯͼͶ;΂ͪΒͪ͵ͪͯͪͯͬͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺ͹Ͷͪͱ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ
ͳͼͽ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;͋ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ͊ͻͫͳͼͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳ;ͼͽͪ
ͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͼͽ͹ͱͰͻ͹ͷ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͳ ͸ͰͻͪͲͶ;΂ͳͬͳͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͷ
ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯ͹͵̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͰ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε̸͇͆͋͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹͹ͽ΁ͰͺͳͶͳ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͽ͹
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͫͰͲͯͻͱͪͬΓͰͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵;Β;͌͆ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽ͹ͭͪ;ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͶͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱͳͶͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳ ̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͻͫͳ ͳͷͪΒ; ;ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹
ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͼͽͪͻͳΒͰ͹ͯͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͪͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ΒͰͻ ͈͹ͬͰΓ͇ͪ͌͆ͲͪͫͻͪΔ;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓ̹ͪͻ͹Β
͸͹ͼͽΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͼͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰΔͰ͸ͳͷͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͼͽͪΔͰͷ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͬͰΕΔͰ͸ͳͷͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͼͽͪΔͰͷ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;΁ͰͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͺͪͼ;ͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͆ͳͭͯͰ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪͶͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ ͼͬ͹Β;ͯͻͱͪͬ;͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͪͷͪͲͪͼͰͫͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪͽͳͯͪͶͳΒͰ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͶͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ Gaǀinoviǀ ͼͽͻ
.
͈͹ͻͰͯ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͆ͪ;΂͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͽ͹͵͹ͷXIX ͳXX ͬͰ͵ͪ;ͽͬͻͯͳͶͪͼ;ͯͪ

͸ͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͪͲͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹͹ͯͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹͵
ΒͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͲͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸͹͵ͪ͹ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯΒͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹͵ͪ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ
͸ͪͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͽͶ;4
͇ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͬͰ͹ͷͪΒͰͫͳͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳͽͳͯͪͼ;͑ͳͺͽͪͻͳ ͸͹ͬ΁Ͱͷͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ ͍͉͊͠ ͯͰ΁͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵;ͺ͹ͬͪͶͳ͵;ΕͰͳͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸;͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͺ͹ͯͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͰΓͪͬͪͶͳͼ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͈͹ͯͼͰΕͪΔͪͻͪͯͳ ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓ;͹ͯͺ;͸ͳ΀ͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
ͼͬͪ͵ͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͲͯͬͪΒͪ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͼͬ͹ͭͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͷ͵;ͻͼ;ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͶ͹͹͵͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ ͳͶͳ͹͵͹ͽͻͳͷͳͶͳ
ΒͪͻͯͰ΃Ͱͼͽͼͽ͹ͺͰͯͰͼͰͽͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͻͪͲͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ̺;΂ͳ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–139)
͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ;ͶͪͭͪͶͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪ;΂͸ͰͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ͸͹ͭͼͳͼ
ͽͰͷͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͼ; ͳͷͪͶͳ ͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͼͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰΌ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͪͳͷͪͭͳͼͽͪͻͪ
͸ͪ;͵ͪ ͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹͑ͳͺͽͪͻͪ ͯ͹͵ͺͻͰ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸͑ͳͺͽͪͻͼͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹
͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͲͬͪΔͰ͊ͪͷ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ;ΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;͉ͪͯͳ͹ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒ͈ͪͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͪΒͰ͹ͯͼͽ͹ͼͬ͹ͭͪͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪͰͷͳͽ͹ͬͪͶͪ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ;ΒͰͫͳͶ͹̺͋ͺͻͳΒͰͷ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͼͪͷ͹ͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵ͪ
͵;Εͪ ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯͳΒͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͸ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͌ ͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ; ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͪͽ͹ ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͫͳͶ͹
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲͻͰͯ͹ͬͪͽͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͽͳͷ ͼͻͰͯΔ͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͫͳͶ͹ͼͻͰͯΔ͹΃͵͹Ͷͪ΁ͪ΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̺;΂ͳ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
́
͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͬͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͼ;ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͶͳ͹ͺͼͽͻ;͵
΁ͳΒ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͼͳΓͰͷͳ;ͶͽͻͪͯͰͼ͸ͳͷͽͰͻ͹
ͻͳͲͷ͹ͷ̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸ͪ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͳͽͳͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͽ͹ͷͳͯͰͪͶ;ͷ͹ͻͪͽͰͱͳͽͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ
͵;XXI ͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͪͷ͹͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͳͫͰͲͯͻͱͪͬΓͰ ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͲͪͲ͹ͬ;͹ͺͪͼ͸;ͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸΁ͳΒ;͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;
́ͲͬͰͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͬ͹Όͼͽͬ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͬͰΕ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹͸Ͱͻͪ΂;͸ͪͼ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͷ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵͹ͷ ͬͰΕͼͬͪ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽͳͷͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͷͪͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͯͻ͹ͭ͹ͷ Γ;ͯͳͷͪ
4
͌ͽ͹ΒͻͳͲ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͬͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒ͹Β ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪͻͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͬͻ΀;͸ͪ΁΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹ͭ
;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͭͻͪͯͳͽͰΓͼͽͬͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷXIII, XIV ͳXV ͬͰ͵ͪ͊ͬͰͯ͹΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬa ͼ;΀ͻͪͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͹ͺͳͼͳͬͰ
ͶͰͺ͹ͽͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͷ͹ͶͳͽͬͰ;͵ͪͷͰ͸;͈ͰΕ͵ͪͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΃ͳΒͪ ͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͪ1230–̹͹ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ͡Ͱͬͳ΃͵ͪ(1219–

̻ͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ (1313–
̺ͳͼ͹͵ͳ ̽Ͱ΂ͪ͸ͳ (1327–
ͽͰ ͳͷͺ͹Ͳͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ ͹ͼͽͪ΁ͳ ͊ͬ ̸ͻ΀ͪ͸ΌͰͶͪ
ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ̹ͪΔͼ͵Ͱ ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͪ ͆͹ͬ͹ͭ ̹ͻͯͪ ͈ͻͳͶͰͺ΁ͪ ͌ͫ͹΃΁ͪ ̸Β͸͹ͬ΁ͪ ͳ ͯͰͼͰͽͳ͸ͪ
ͬͶͪͼͽͰͶͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ Ͳͪͯ;ͱͫͳ͸ͪ ͳͲ XIII ͳ XIV ͬͰ͵ͪ ̓ͻͪΒͰͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ
ͽ͹ͺ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀΁ͻ͵ͬͪͳ΁ͻ͵ͬͳ΃ͽͰ ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪ ͳͼͺ͹ͼ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͼͪͷͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸-͵ͪͺͰͶͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ
ͭͻ͹ͫΓͪ ͽͬͻΌͪͬͪͳͯͬ͹ͻͪ΁ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͰͶͰ ͅͰͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͯ;ͷ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰͻͰΒͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͪͫ͹ͻͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ ͼͽͻ

196
͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͷ ͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷ ͬͳͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ ͺͪ ͳ ͹͸͹ͷ ͳͲ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ͋͹ ͯͪΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͳ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͷͪͶͳͭ͸ͳΒͪͳͼͬͰ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳΒͪ͹ͯ
ͺ͹ͼͽ;Ͷͪͽͪͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͆ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͰ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ ;ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͳ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ; Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ΕͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͽͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
̓ͻ΃ͰΔͰͷ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ̹͊͌͆ͳ̓;ͷͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͼͰͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃;͈͹ͬͰΓͪ͌͆
ͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͶͰͭͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͪ ͳ
ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͠Ͱͻ ͬͰΕ ͸ͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; XXI ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ
΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͽ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͼͰͺͻͳͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͻͪΒ;
̻Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ ͼ; ͵ͻͰͳͻͪͶͳ ͬͪ͸ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳͬ͹Β͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ͌ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
ͽͳ΀ͬͪ͸ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͷͪͽͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪͷ͹Εͳͳ
ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͪͷͳ΀ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͪ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͪͱͪͻͳ΃ͽͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ
͸; ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͽͲͬͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ΂ͬ͹ͻ ͌ ͼͪͷ͹ͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽ;ͽ͹ͭͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
΂ͬ͹ͻͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͵ͻͼͽͪ ͭͯͰ ͼͰ ͼͰ͵; ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ ͺͻͪͬ΁ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͬͪ͸ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ͼͰ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ– ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͆Ͱͷͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͽͳ΀ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ͬͪ͸ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͫͰͭ͸; ͺͪΕͰͽͪ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͯͪΓͰͬͻͶ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͻͱͪͬ
͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͰͶ͹ͷΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ́ͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ–430).
͌͸͹ͬͳΒ͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͻͪͽ;ͲͪͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͰͯͻ;ͭͰ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ
ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪ͸ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͭ;ͫͳ΁ͳ ; ͽ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͶͳ ͼ; ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
1991–ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͭΔͳ΃ͽͪͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͰͷͳ͸ͪ
ͻͪͲ͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͫͰͲ͊ͻͫͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͽͪͺͳΒ;͸ͪͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͽͻͰΕͳ͸͹ͷͲͰͷΓͰ;
͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β̀ͪͽͳͷ ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͽΒ͵ͷ2̽͹ͽͳ΀ͭ;ͫͳ
ͽͪ͵ͪ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ΒͰ ͯͰͶ͹ͷ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬͪ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͷ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͆Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͰ
͊ͻͫͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͫͳͶͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ Ͳͪͽͳͷ;ͯͪΓͪͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͪ͹ͯ
ͪͯ͠ͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪ ͻͰ͵ͪ̓;ͺͰ ͌͸Ͱͳ͆ͰͻͰͽͬͰ ͼͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳͷ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͯͪΓΔͰͭͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͪͽ͹ͭͪ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ;͉ͪ΃͵͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ͸ͪͯ͊ͻͫͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͪͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͭͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳͼͪͫͳΒͪΔͪ͊ͻͫͪ;ͼͶͳͬ͹ͬͰͽͻͳͅ͹ͻͪͬͰ ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱͳ͠;ͱ͸Ͱ
΃ͽ͹
ͫͳͫͳ͹;ͬ͹ͯ;͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ
͸; ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͻͪͽ͋͹ΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͷͳͻ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͵͹Β;ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͬͪ͵;
΁Ͱ͸;ͳͲͫͰΕͳ Gaǀinoviǀ ͼͽͻ
.

͈ͻͰͽΔͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;XXI ͬͰ͵ͪΒ͹΃ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͪ ͪ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪͯ͊ͻͫͳͷͪΒ͹΃
ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ ͇ͯ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͊ͻͫͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ;ͬͰ͵ ͫ͹ͻͳͶͳ ͼͪͷ͹ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͳ
͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵̸͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔ;͊ͻͫͪͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪͽͻͳ
ͬͰ͵ͪ (1690–
ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͳͲ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ ͊ͽͪͻͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ

͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸͹ ͹͵͹ ͊ͻͫͪ ͯͪ ͳ΀ ΒͰ ͹͵͹ ͺ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ ͳ – ͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ;
ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵;ͬͰͻ;(̽ͰͻͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻͳ).
197
̸̸̸̸͇̻͈͎̻͇͈͇̹̹͇͌̈́̀̽͆́͊́̈́͌̾̈́́͋́͐̓́́̾̀̾̽͆͊͆́ͅͅ
̸̸̸̸̸̻͉̹́͆̈́̓͆͌ͅ
̽ͪΓͰ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͰ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͷͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͽ͵ͳͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
ͼͳͶͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͈ͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽΒͰͯͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ̸͊̽ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͺͪΒ͵ͷͪ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͻͪ
ͽͰͭͳΒͰ͉ͳͷͶͪ͸ͯͪ(Spykman, 1942), ̓Ͱ͸ͪ͸͹ͬͰtͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ͹ͫ;ͲͯͪͬͪΔͪi DPOUBJONFOUQPMJDZ
̓͹Ͱ͸͹
ͬ͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪtͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͿͰͻͰ– ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳiͳtͺͪ͵ͽ͹ͷͪ͸ͳΒͰi͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪͼͽͬͪ
ͻͪΔͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͬ͹Β͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͰ ͯ͹ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ̓ͳͼͳ͸ΘͰͻͪͳ
̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͼͽͻ –281). ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͼͬͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͳ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͺ͹Β͹ͬͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ͵͹Βͳͬ͹ͯͰ;͸͹ͬ;
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;͵ͻͳͲ;͊;͵͹ͫͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͵ͪ͵͹͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰ͈ΒͰͻ̻ͪͶ͹ͪ ͳͲͽͰͷͰΓͪͼ;ͺ͹ͻͰͷͰͽͳͶͳͽͻͪͯͳ
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱ;ͼͳͶͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ ;Ͳ̸͊̽ ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰΒͪͬ
Γͪͽͳͳ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ Gallois, 1993). ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ
͸; ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;̸͊̽ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͰͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;͇͸ͪͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔ;͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͻͪͳͼͶͪͷͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͳͯͪΓͰ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͵ͪ͹ͳ ;ͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳͻͪΔ;ͼͽͻͪ
ͽͰ΃͵͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻ;ͼ͵ͰͳͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ
͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͳͽ͈ͯͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͽ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳͻͪΔͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯ͹ͼͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
΂ͬ͹ͻͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵–Β;ͭ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ ͵͹Β͹ͷ ΒͰ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪ͹ ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͲͫͳͬͪΔͪ ́ͶͳΕ
͋ͪ͹ͼͪΕͰͯ͹ͫͳͽͳͼͬͰ
ͬͰΕͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͼͬͰͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰ͉;ͼͳΒͳͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͯͪ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ;ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͷ͹Εͳ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͲ͸ͪ
΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͅͰͽ͹ͯͰ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪ ͽ͹ͭ ΁ͳΓͪ ͼ;
ͺͻͰͼͰ΁ͪΔͰ ͺͻͪͬ͹
ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͬͰͻͽͳ͵ͪͶͰ͵͹Βͪͬ͹ͯͳ͹̹ͯͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼͳΒͰ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͹̹ͯͪͶͽͳ͵ͪ
ͺͻͰ͵͹͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͅ͹ͶͯͪͬͳΒͰ
͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͰ ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͰͳ̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ͯ͹ ̾ͭͰΒͪͳ͊ͻͰͯ͹ͲͰͷΓͪͳ
Βͪ΂ͪΔͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹ͭ͹͵ͻ;
ͱͰΔͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͼͬͰ̸ͭͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒͰͳ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͳ͎
̹ͰͲ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳͼͺ;͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;͵͹Β;Β͹ΒΒͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳ͹;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹
Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͭͻͪͷͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ΒͰͻΒ͹Β͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͬͳ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͳ͸ͪ΂ͰͲͪͼ͸ͳ
ͬͪΒ; ͫͳͽ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͪͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͪͯ;ͫͳ͸ͪ ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ
ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͳͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷͰΓͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͷ͹ΕͳͯͻͱͪͬͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵̸ͪ͊̽ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹-ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͰͬͰ͹ͷͪΒͰͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹͵͹Βͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵ͪ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͬͶͪͯͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͆ͪͬ͹ͯ͸ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͳͯͻ
ͺͻͪͬͪͳͯͪΓͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;– tͯͳͷ͸ͰͲͪͬͰͼͰi ͳͲͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͵ͻͳΒ;ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳ
ͬ͹ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳ ͳ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ ͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ̸͊̽ ͳ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ̾͌
͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͲ͸͹ ͳͼͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬ͹ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͼͳͶͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ
͵ͪ͸;ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͇͸Ͱ͸ͪΒͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺͻͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͹΀ͻͪͫͻ;Β;ͳ΀
ͯͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳͪͶͫͪ͸͹ͽͰͻ͹ͻ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͪ;ͶͽͻͪͯͰͼ͸ͳͳͶͳͿͪ΃ͳͼ͹
ͳͯ͸ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͪ ̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̹ͪΒͪͭͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
ͅ͸͹ͭͰ͹ͯ͹ͬͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
ͼ; ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͲͬ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͸ͪ ΃ͽͰͽ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͭͪ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͶͰ
198
ͽ͹ͽͪͶ͸͹ͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃;ΕͳͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳ;ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ;ͬͰ͵
ͼͽͪͻͳΒͰ͹ͯͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͌Ͳͽ͹ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ͍͇͉̓ͳ͌͆́̓ͅ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͫͳͶ͹;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ
Βͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪ΃ͳͺͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͫͰͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳ
ͯͪͼͰ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͳͺͻͪͬͯͪͽͻͰͽͳͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ̸ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͹͵͹
ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͼͪͷ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ
;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼ;̸͊̽ͳͷ͸͹ͭͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͼͳͶͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͯͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͯ͹ͬͰͯ;;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;͵͹Βͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͹Β ͵ͪͺͳͽ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹Β Ͱͻ͹ͲͳΒͳ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͬͳͯͳͯͪͺͪͻ͹ͶͰ͹΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͷͷͳͼͳΒͪͷͪͳͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͳͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ
ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͸ͳͼ;͸ͳͫͶͳͲ;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͯͪΒͰͳͲͶͪͲͳͲͫͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹΃ͷͪͻͪ ͽͰͱͪ͵ ͳ ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸ ͊ͽͪΔͰ ; ͹ͬ͹Β ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͯͰͶ;
͸͹ͬ͹tͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΔͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi ͯͪͼͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͽͳͷͰͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ͸Ͱͼͽͳ΃ͪ
ͬͪΒ; ͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͰͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͳͬͪ͸ΔͰͭͪ
ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͳ͸ͪΒͪͬΓ;Β;Ͱͻͳ͸ͳΒͼ͵;͹ͼͬͰͽ;t͸Ͱ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi͋ͪΒͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ
͵ͻ͹ͲͯͬͰ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͳ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ̸͇͆͋ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ͸͉ͪ͊͠ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͳ
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;
̸͊̽͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͊ͽͬͪͻ͸ͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͳ̸͇͆͋ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ͸ͪͫͳͬ΃;͉͊͠ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͳ͏ͻ͸;̻͹ͻ;ΒͰͼ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ

͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪͳͼͶͪͷͳͼͽͳ΂͹ͭͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ΂ͳͷͰΒͰͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͰ͸ͪͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ
ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͪ ; ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; Ϳͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹ͭ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͳ ͷͳͶͳͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭ Θͳ΀ͪͯͪ ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͳ
΃ͳͻͰ͈͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͶͪͷͪ;ͼͻ΁Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͺͻͰ͵͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ΕͰ;ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪ
ͽͳ ͪͷͫͳ΁ͳ͹Ͳ͸Ͱ ͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͷ;Θͪ΀Ͱͯͳ͸ͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͳͼͶͪͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͼͽͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͻ΁; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ

͆ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͺͻͰͼͰ΁ͪΔͰ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭt̻͹ͻͯͳΒͰͬ͹ͭ΂ͬ͹ͻͪi͸ͪ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͷͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻͳͲ͸͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͺͻͰ͵ͻͪΒͪΔͰͷͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ΒͰͼͽͰͽͰͱͪ͵;ͯͪͻͪ΁ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ;
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ΃ͳͻͰΔͪ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸Ͳͪ͸͹ͬͰͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽͰ;΁ͰͶ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
ͶͳͯͰͻͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͲͷ;ͳ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ͸;͸Ͱͭ͹
;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͷ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵; ͋͹ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͺͰ΃;ΒͰ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͼ͵; ͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒ; ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͳ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͼͬͰ ͷͪͶͳͭ͸ͳΒͪ ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͳ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹
Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳͼͰͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͳͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͺͪͼͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͹ͼͰΕͪͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͳ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͇ͬͪ ͺ͹ͷͰͻͪΔͪ ΕͰ
ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ ͸ͪ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ; ͼͬͰͽ;
͈ͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͭ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰͷ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪͳ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ̹͊͌͆ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͻͪͼͺͳͻ;ΒͰ;ͱͪͻͰ͸ͳͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͽͪ͹ͳ
ͼͽͪͻͰͼ;͵͹ͫͰ͸ͪΒ;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͆ͰͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͯͪ
ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃Γͪ ͹ ͻͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͳ ͼͬͰͽ; ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ
͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͪͲͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͲͪ;ͶͪͲͪ͵͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̻ͻͰ΃͵Ͱͼ;ͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸Ͱͳ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹̸ͯͪ͊̽ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹Βͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͫ;ͯ;ͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸͹ͬͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͪ͵ͳͺ͹΁Ͱ͸;͸͹ͬͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͪͅͽͳΕ ͚;ͻͳΕ
ͼͽͻ–128).
͉ͪͯͳ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭͺ͹͵͹ͻͪͬͪΔ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭΒ;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͺ͹-
ͼͽ͹Βͳͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͯͪͱͪͻͳ΃͸ͪͽͪ΂͵ͪͫ;ͯͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͈ͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͸ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ
199
ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷ ͬ͹Β͸͹ͷͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹-ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͵ͪ͹ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ;͵ͻ΃ͽͪΔͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͺ;ͽͰͬͪͳͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪΔͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ
̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ
ͪͶͳͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͠Ͱͻ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΃ͽͳͽ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹
ͪͶͳ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ ͬͪͱ͸͹ ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳͽͳ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔ; ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͶͪ ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͺͻ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͵ͻ͹Ͳͬ͹Β͸͹ͺͻͳ
ͼ;ͼͽͬ͹̸͇͆͋ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹Ͳͫ͹ͭ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͳ͹ͯͻͱͪΔͪͷͳͻͪͳͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͪ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;ΒͰͬ͹Β͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪ
̸͊̽; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͅͰͯͳͽͰͻͪ͸ͪ ̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ͉;ͼͳΒͰ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͰͳͺ͹͵͹ͻͪͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͹ͻ;ͫ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ͸;ͯͪΓ;tͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;i6 ͳt͸ͪͽ͹ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;i
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;ΔͰ͸ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͺͪͽ;Γͪͼͽͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷ;͵͹Ͷ͹
͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͯ ͺ;͸ͳͷ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͶͪ – ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ̸͊̽ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͽͰͱΔͰ ͯͪ
;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͰͳ͹ͯͻͱͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͷͪͽ͑ͳͻͰΔͰ̸͇͆͋͸ͪͼͬͰͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳ
ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͪt͸ͪͽ͹ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪi͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰ;Ͳͪͬͻ΃͸͹ΒͿͪͲͳ, ͭͯͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͭ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒͰ
;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͷͳͻͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͽ͹͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ΒͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ΒΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰΕ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͻͰ
ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳͯͪΓͰͭͰ͸ͰͻͳͼͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ̓ͪ͹ͯͰ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;
΀ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͪ ͹ͬͳͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͠;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ,
ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻͰͯ;ΕͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ͫͳͽͳͳtͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪiͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͰ
ͳ͹ͯͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͰͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͶͳͯͰͻͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͳͭͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͪͽͳͷ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–14).
͌ͬͰͲͳͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ ;ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͺͻ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ͸Ͱ͹ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ
͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ΔͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͪͳͻͰͯ;͵͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͪ͵͹ͼͰͽͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͱͰΓͪͷ̸ͪ͊̽ͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͯͪͼͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ;͵Γ;΂ͳ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ͊ͯͻ;
ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼͪ̾͌ͳͰͬͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͳͷͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰͳͺͪ͵ͻͪͯͳ͹͸͹ͬ͹Β
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ΒͻͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͶͰ̸͇͆͋
ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ͸͉ͪ͊ͭ͠͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪΒͰͿͪͲͪ΁ͰͺͪΔͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪt͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ͭi̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͼͷͪΔ;ΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͼͶͪͫͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹
͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͽͳͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹Βͪ΂ͪΔͰ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷ ͯͰͶ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͳͲͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱͳͽͳͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸ͪͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ́Ͳͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͼͰ͵ͻͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ
ͽͲͬ ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ΃ͽͰͽ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͼ͸ͪͱͰΔ; ͽͲͬ ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭ
ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹ͭ͵Ͷͳ͸ͪͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͰtͲͰͶͰ͸Ͱ (ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ) ͽͻͪ͸ͼͬͰͻͲͪͶͰi
6
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪtͭͻ;ͺ;ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶͪͫͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͫͪͲͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸;;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪΒ; ͼͬͰͼͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͽͰ͸
ͲͳΒͪͷͪͳ ͼͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͷͪΔͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;ͽͻͰͫͪͶͰͫͳͽͳͪͼͳͷͳͶͳͻͪ͸ͰͳͶͳͺ͹ͽͳͼ͸;ͽͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͸Ͱͼͽͪ
ͫͳͶ͸Ͱͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ΓͳͬͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͼͪͬͰͲͰ ͳͽͯi ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͼͽͻ

200
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̸͸͹͸ͳͷ ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻ

́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͍͹͸ͯͪͲͪ͸Ͱͽͪ͵͸;ͽ;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;Ͳͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸;͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
̹ͪͲͳΕ ͠(2007). ͊ͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;. ͈͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͪͻͰͬͳΒͪ, ͫͻ–260.
̹Ͱ͵ ͌
͉ͳͲͳ΂͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
Boulding, K. E. (1962). $POGMJDUBOE%FGFOTF/FX:PSL)BSQFSBOE#SPUIFST
̺;΂ͳ͸ͳΕ ͅ
̀ͪ΃ͽ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ͈͈ͪͯ͆́͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͉
͇ͽͳͷͪΔͰ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͆͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ ͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵ͳ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ
t̺͹Βͼ͵ͪi
̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͉ (2008). ͆ͪͼͳΓͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ. ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͻͰͬͳΒͪ ͫͻ
Gaǀinoviǀ R
A Geopolitical Aspect of a Violent Secession of Kosovo and Metohija from Serbia ;
%,PMBSJǃ FE
5IFNBUJDDPOGFSFODFQSPDFFEJOHTPGJOUFSOBUJPOBMTJHOJGJDBODF "SDIJCBME3FJTT%BZT, VoM
VNF** (ͼͽͻ–18). #FMHSBEF"DBEFNZPG$SJNJOBMJTUJDBOE1PMJDF4UVEJFT
̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͉ ̹ͪΒͪͭͳΕ ͅ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷͳͼͪ͹, 37(3)133–
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%BISFOEPSG 3
$MBTTBOE$MBTT$POGMJDUJO*OEVTUSJBM4PDJFUZ4UBOGPSE $"4UBOGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ
Press.
̽ͰͻͰͽͳΕ ͆. ͠
͊ͻͫͳͳ̸ͻͫͪ͸ͪͼͳ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͫͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ.
́ͶͳΕ ͠
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΂ͬ͹ͻͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ;̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹̻ͬͪͰ͹
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ͊ͻͫͪ ͼͽͻ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ
̓͹Ͱ͸ ͋
̓ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷͳͼͪ͹ ͫͻ–2.
̓ͻͳͬ͹͵ͪͺͳΕ ̹
̾͸΁ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͻͰ΂͸ͳ͵ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼ̹ͪͰ͹
ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ ͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵.
Kriesberg, I. (2003). $POTUSVDUJWF$POGMJDUT'SPN&TDBMBUJPOUP3FTPMVUJPO (2nd FE
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K;ͺͰͻ, A. & ̓;ͺͰͻ, ͦ. (2009). ̾͸΁ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͯͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ (ͽ͹ͷ 1). ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ
͸ͳ͵
ͪͅͽͳΕ ͅ ͚;ͻͳΕ ̿
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯ ͼ;ͯ͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ; ̓ͅͳ΀ͪͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻ

̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ–ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽ–ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ,ͼͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ;΂
͸͹ͭͼ͵;ͺͪ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸͹ͭ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;–ͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆ͪ;΂͸ͳͼ͵;ͺ͹ͬͳ
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ͸ͪ;͵ͪͳ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
201
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͡
̻Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳ͆͹ͬͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ
ͷͪͷ͹͸͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵ͪ ͫͻ–4–̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͪ ͆ͳ΃.
Spykman, N. (1942). "NFSJDBT4USBUFHZin8PSME1PMJUJDTThe6OJUFE4UBUFTBOEthe#BMBODFPG1PXFS.
/FX:PSL)BSDPVSU #SBDF$P
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͪ
ͅͰͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͯ;ͷ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰͻͰΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͪͫ͹ͻͪ
͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊ͬͰͽͳ ͪͻ΀ͳΒͰͻͰΒͼ͵ͳͼͳ͸͹ͯ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ
͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͅ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ – ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ.
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀͸ͪͷͰ͸
͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͅ. (2001). ͌ͬͻͽͶ͹ͭ;ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ
͊ͽͰͺͳΕ .
͈ͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵͹͸΁Ͱ
ͺ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͊̓ͪͻͪͷͪͽͪ ;ͻ
̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪͼͪ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭͼ͵;ͺͪ͊ͻͫͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸͹ͭ
;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ–ͷͪΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆ͪ;΂͸ͳͼ͵;ͺ͹ͬͳ͊ͻͺ
ͼ͵ͪͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ͸ͪ;͵ͪͳ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
Tilly, C. (1978). 'SPN.PCJMJ[BUJPOUP3FWPMVUJPO3FBEJOH ." ̸EEJTPO-Wesley Publishing Co.
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202
RADOSLAV ƄGAſINOVIſ

8"3/*/(4*(/43&("3%*/("'30;&/$0/'-*$5*/5)&#"-,"/4

SUMMARY
In this paper, its author made an attempt to warn academics as well as the world military, economic
and political power centres on the threat of the escalation of violence by Albanians’ separatist terrorist
movement in the Balkan Peninsula. There is a realistic possibility of unfreezing of the frozen conflict in the
region of Kosovo and Metohija and of the emergence of random violence that can affect a great part of the
Balkan Peninsula. The frozen conflict is a situation in which the conflict seems to be over, but in which nei-
ther the peace treaty nor any other political framework leads to a lasting peaceful solution of the conflict
between some two warring sides. Latest academic analyses have shown that the Albanians would not be
satisfied with the secession of Kosovo and Metohija from Serbia and that in the first phase they will attempt
UPDSFBUFi(SFBU,PTPWBu5IJTJTQPTTJCMFCFDBVTFPGUIFGBDUUIBUJOSFDFOUIJTUPSZUIFSFIBWFCFFOQVCMJDMZ
FYQSFTTFEUIFBTQJSBUJPOTPGUIF"MCBOJBOTMJWJOHJO,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKBJOEJSFDUJPOPGB
4PVUIFBTUPG
4FSCJB .FEWFǅB #VKBOPWBD 1Seševo) within the project called %BSEBOJKBC
,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKBXJUIJO
the framework of the project *OEFQFOEFOU,PTPWBD
.POUFOFHSP 1MBW (VTJOKF #BS 4VUPNPSF 6MDJOK)
within the project.BMFTJKBE
8FTUFSO.BDFEPOJBXJUIJOUIFQSPKFDU*MJSJKBand e) Northern Greece within
the project Epir. In case that such expansionist aspirations of the Albanians become accomplished, then the
so-called Great Kosova would make a federal or confederal union with Albania. In this case the territory
controlled by UIF"MCBOJBOTXPVMENBLFBQQSPYJNBUFMZTRVBSFLJMPNFUFSTXJUI-7 million Albani-
ans living in this territory. Creation of such large Albanian state in the Balkans would further encourage the
nationalist arrogance of the Albanians and consequently it would probably cause the open conflict against
Serbia and Greece, which would inevitably lead to the emergence of the Third Balkan War. Therefore, this is
the warning of the author of this paper to the European Union in the first place and then to the United Na-
tions.
,&:803%4 frozen conflict, violence, globalization, aggression, terrorism.
203

̸͈͉͉̻̾̽ ̻͇͉̽́ͣͅ1
̸̺̹͈͉͇̺́͆̾͋́ͣ2
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
̺͹Β͸ͪͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ ̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͽͪ͵ͽͳ͵Ͱ
͌͋́͏̸̸̸̸̻͇̹͎͇͇̺̹̹͇̈́̈́͆́͋̓͆̾̀̾̽͆͊͋͠
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͎͈͇̻̹̈́́̀̾̀̽͆̈́̓͆͡ͅͅ3
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͊ͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳ

͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͺͻͰͬͳͻͪΔͪΒ͹΃͹ͯ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͫͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͳͻͪͼͺͪͯͼͬͰͽͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͼͶͰͯͳͶͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽ͹ͭͪ ͯ͹ͬͰͶͳͼ;ͯ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͲͪͺͪ͹;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ
͆Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳ ͳͷͪΒ; Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ;ͽͳ΁ͪK ͳ ͸ͪ ͷͪͶͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪtͺͻͰͱͳͬͰi͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͼͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε;͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰͼͰ
Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳͽͳ
͇ͬͪΒͻͪͯ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͫͪͬͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ
;ͬ͹ͯͪͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪ ͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͰͳͲ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ΁ͰͶͳ͸Ͱ͌ͺͻͬ͹Β΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳͼ;;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;;
ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͌ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸ΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ
ͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;ͽͻͰΕ͹Β΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸
ͺ͹ΒͪͷͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ͹Β΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳͫͪͬͳͷ͹ͼͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͶͳ΀
ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͷͪͶͰͲͰͷΓͰ
̺͇͌̽
̓ͻͪΒ͎͎ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͎͎*ͬͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳͶͰͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰ͸ͪ
ͻͪͼͺͪͯͫͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ– ͻͪͼͺͪͯͳ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳͶͰ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͻͪ
ͽ͹ͬͼ͵; ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͵ͪͶ;ͺ;
1
gordicpredrag@gmail.com
2
ivanpetrovic1977@gmail.com
3
͇ͬͪΒ ͻͪͯ ΒͰ ͳͲͻͪΌͰ͸ ; ͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ; ͆ͪ;΂͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ ̸̺-͎̽-19 t͈ͻ͹ͻͪ΂;͸ ͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸Ͱ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͯͰͱ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͬͪͲͯ;΀͹ͺͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ̺͹Βͼ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹-
ͶͳͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͬͪͲͯ;΃͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ;ͷͳͻ;i Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ.

ȽɈɊȾɂȶɉȿɌɊɈȼɂȶ: ɍɬɢɰɚʁɝɥɨɛɚɥɧɢɯɬɨɤɨɜɚɧɚɛɟɡɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɦɚɥɢɯɡɟɦɚʂɚɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɝȻɚɥɤɚɧɚ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͊ͬͰ ͹ͬ͹ ΒͰ ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶ͹ ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͼͽͻ͹ΒͪͬͪΔͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͫͳͬ΃Ͱͭ ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͭ ͫͶ͹͵ͪ
͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;
͇ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͼͪ͹ΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ
΁ͳΒͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ͺ͹ͯ
ͺͶͪ΃ͽ͹ͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͬͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳ͹ͯ;ͺͳͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵; Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͶͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸͹ ͼͬͻͭͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͼͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ
ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͳ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͰͼͳͶͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͱͳͬͰͶ͹ͭͬ͹Β͸͹ͭͫͶ͹͵ͪ– ̸͇͆͋ͺͪ͵ͽͪ
͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͽͻͰͫͪͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͳ;Ͳͻ͹͵Ͱͳ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ
̸͇͆͋ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ͉͊͠ ͲͪͶͳͬͼ͵ͳ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ; ̈́ͳͫͳΒͳ ͻͪͽ ; ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸;
ͪͶͳ ͳ
ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΀΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳͶͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͎͎*ͬͰ͵ͪ
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹ͬͳ ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ͳ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳ ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ Ͱ͵ͼ
ͽͻͰͷͳͲͷ͹ͷͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷ; Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͳͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͲͪ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ;̸Ϳͻͳ΁ͳͳ͸̹ͪͶͳͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͽ͹͵; ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͲͯͻͷͪͶͳ
͵͹ͷͺͶͰͽ͸; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;;͸ͳΒ;ͳͼͬͰΔͰ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͬͪͺͻͰͬͳͻͪΔͪ ͼͳͷͫͳ͹ͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͺ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ
ͼͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͸ͳͲ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰ΁ͰͼͳΒͪ Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͳ
ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͰͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͶͳ΀ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸Ͱͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳΒͰͶ
͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸;ͳͲͰͷΓͰ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹͸Ͱ
͵͹ΒͰͼ;;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪͷ͹ΕͳͿͻͪͲͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͸ͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹ͲͰͷΓͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͼͪ
ͼͬͳͷͼͬ͹Βͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷ͇ͪͬͰͲͰͷΓͰ
;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͲͪͻ͹ͫΓͰ͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳͷͪΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;
ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͰͱ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
͋̾͆̽̾͆͏̸̸̻͇̹͎͈͉͇́̾̈́̈́͆́̾͆͠ͅ
́Ͳͼͪͷ͹ͭͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳΔͰ͸ͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͪ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ΁Ͱ͹ͭͶ͹ͫ;ͼ– ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽ;͈͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪΓͪ
ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ͉Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΒ;
ͼͰͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ͷ͹Εͳ ͷͪͺͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ Ͷͳ͵ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ̓ͪͺͳ
ͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ;ͳͼͽͳ͸; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸ ͪͶͳ ; ͼ;ͻ͹ͬͳΒ͹Β ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽͳ ͊ ͺͪͯ͹ͷ ̹ͰͻͶͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ Ͳͳͯͪ ͸ͪ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͽͶ;͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͬͰΕ ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ͈ͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓ;ΒͰͼͰΒͪͲ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪͫͻ͹Βͭ;ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ
ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͋ͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ-͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ ͸ͳͲ ͼͶͪͫͳ΀
ͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͷͰͼͽͳͷͪ;ͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΂ͪͬͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ;͸ͳͼ͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ
͸͹ͬ͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪ
͌ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͰ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͻͪͲ
ͬ͹Βͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪKegley & 3BZNPOE
Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;ͼͽͪͬͯͪ ͯ͹͵ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͺͻ͹
΁ͰͼͰtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻͳͲͷͪ ͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪ
ΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͺͪͻ͹΀ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪi͊ͪͷͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ

ͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͲͪ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳ͹͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͼͷͪΔ;Β;ΕͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽ ͽͻͪ͸
ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ;͸ͳ
Ϳͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;΁ͰͶ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͺ͹;ͭͶͰͯ;͸ͪ
̸͊̽ ͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ΔͰ ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱͳͼͽ;ͻͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͼͳͶͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰͽͪ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͌ͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰ ͺͻͳ͸;ͯͪͼͳͶͰ ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͪͲ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵Ͱ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸Ͱͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ ͪͶͳͳͼ;͵͹ͫͰ͸ͳͼ͵͹ͭͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͳͷͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͫͳͽ͸;
;Ͷ͹ͭ;;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͺͻͪΕͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͷ
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪ Bͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͻͪͽͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͫ͹ͻͫͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵ͪ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ; ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ Ͳͪͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸
ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͽ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͪ ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͽ ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ .PSMFZ
$IFO )BMM

̀ͪͼͽͪΔͰͻͪͽͪͳͶͳͷͳͻͪ͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͼͽͰͳͽͳͺ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ4 ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͰͶ;͈ͻͰͷͪ
͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͼ͵͹ͻͪΒͰ͸ͪͯͰͶ;ͫͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͪͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪ;͊ͽͻͪ
ͽͰͭͳΒͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̸͊̽ͳͲ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͢Ͱ͸΁ͳΓ ΒͰͫͳ͹ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͽͻͪΒ͸Ͱ
΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͶͳͯͰͻͼͽͬͪ ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΔͰͬͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ
ͬ͹Β͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪͳͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ͺͻͰͬͰ͸ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͻͪͽ͹ͷ͎ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͼͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͳͲ͸ͪͯͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͬ͹Β͸ͰͼͳͶͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͬͪ
ͻͰΔͰͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳ
ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹Ϳͪ ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪͲͪͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ
ΔͰ ;ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ; ͫ͹ͻͫͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͲͬͪͽͳͫ͹ͻͫͪͽͰͻ͹ͻ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͪ

́ͺͪ͵ ;ͼͬͰͷ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ
΁ͳͯͪͼ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͺͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳͲΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹
ͻͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ̸͊̽ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ
ͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͻͱͪͬͰͯͳΒͪͷͰͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͳͺ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͽͰ
ͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹-Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ
̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼ ΒͰ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ͷͳͶͳͽͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͭ;ͫΓͰΔͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ͸ͪͯ
ͽͳͷͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪͳͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͪͯͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹ͷͪͶͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼͷ͹ͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸; ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪͽͳͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳ͇ͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ
͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪͳͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻͰͻͪͼͶͳ
ͳ;͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸Ͱͼ;͵͹ͫͰ͸ͳͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͳ͸ͽͰͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ͵͹ΒͪtΓ;Γͪi΂ͳͽͪͬ
͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͻͪΕͪΒ;Εͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;Εͳͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ΂;ͬͰ͸ͪ
4
͎ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ– ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͪͳͶͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͹ͫͰͳͶͳͭͻ;ͺͰΓ;ͯͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͭͻ;ͺͰ, ͸ͪͯΒͰͯ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͷ, ͳͶͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ

tͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵ͪͻ;ͽͪi
͊ͬͰ͹ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰΔͰͷ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;
̸̸̻͇͉̓͋̾́̀͏̸̸̸̸͎͉̺́̈́́̽̿͠ͅ
͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͼ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔ;ͳͶͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔ;ͺ͹ΒͷͪͷͪͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰ͵ͪ͹
ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ΃ͽͪͲͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͳͳͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͳ
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ͌͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔ;ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͷͪͶͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͼͪͭͰ͹
ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ͊ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ ͷͪͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼ;͹͸Ͱ΂ͳΒͪ
ΒͰͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪͷͪΔͪ͹ͯ͵ͷ2 ͸ͪͼͶͳ΁ͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪΒͰ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͺ͹͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳ
Β;ͷ;ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ

͊Ͷͳ͵ͪ ̓ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͺ͹͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ;ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ
'JHVSF Categorization of countries according to the criteria of area
͌ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͲͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͷͪͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͰͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰͯͪͽ͹ͫ;ͯ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪΔͰ͹ͯͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯ͹͵Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ
ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͫͻ;ͽ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͯ͹΀͹ͯͪ͵ ͺ͹ͭͶͪͬͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͶͳ͵ͪ 2).
͊Ͷͳ͵ͪ ̓ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͺ͹͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ;ͫͻ͹Βͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
'JHVSF Categorization of countries according to the criteria of number of inhabitants

̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͷͪͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͷͪΒ;͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͳ
͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ
̓ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ;Ͳͳͷͪ;͹ͫͲͳͻͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͲͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ
͸ͰͷͰͻΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳͷͪ͋ͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳ
;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͬ͹Γͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͪͼ;ͼͰͯ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ
ͳͼͺ͹Γͪ΃Δͳ ͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ ΂Ͷͪ͸
ͼͽͬ͹;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;ͬ͹Β͸ͳͷͼͪͬͰͲͳͷͪ
̻͹ͻͯͳΕͳ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ

̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͰͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰΒͰͼͽͰͳͫͻ;ͽ͹ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ
ͫͻ;ͽ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͯ͹΀͹ͯͪ͵ͺ͹ͭͶͪͬͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ̹͈̽
͆ͪͳͷͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ̹͈̽ΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͬͰΕͳ
ͽ͹ΒͰͳΔͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͬͰΕͳ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳΔͰ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;
͐Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͳͷͪΒ;͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
͸͹;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͳͼͺ͹Γͪ΃Δͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳͪͅͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͬ͹Β͸͹ͷͳͶͳ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͼͪͬͰͲ; ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͶͰ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͳ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳ΃ͶͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ͺ͹ͯ ͷͪͶͳͷ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͼͰ ͹͸Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͳͶͳ ͳͷͪΒ;
Ͳͪ͸ͰͷͪͻΓͳͬ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͪͷͰΌ;ΔͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͶBͲͳͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
͆ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ; ͬͳͯ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͳ
΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΕͰ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͶͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ;͵Γ;΂;
Β;Εͳͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;͊ͻͫͳΒ;͌ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ;ͽͳ΂Ͱͳ͸ͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͰΕͰͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͰͲͰͷΓͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͳͷͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͽΔͪͷͪͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰͽ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β
ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
̸͈͇̹̹͇̾̀̾̽͆͊͋́͠ͅ
͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΁;΂ͳΒͳͼ;͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͫͰͲ ͳͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ– ͫͰͯ͸͹͈ͻͰͿͳ͵ͼ
tͫͰͲiͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͸Ͱͭͪ΁ͳΒ;ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪͯͰͶ͹ͷͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͰͻͰ΂ͳ
͵͹ΒͪͼͶͰͯͳ̓͹ͻͰ͸ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͯͰͶͪ͹ͬͰͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͰͻͰ΂ͳΒͰtͫͰͯͪi ΂ͳͷͰͼͰ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ;͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͰͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͹ͼ͵;ͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͫ͹ͶͰͼͽ ͸ͰͯͪΕͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽ ͺ͹ͻͪͲ ͸Ͱͷͪ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ΃ͽͰͽͪ
ͽ;ͭͪ ͸Ͱͷ͹Ε ͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͰ ͹͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͽ ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ ͽͶͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͲͶ͹ ͼͽͻͪ΀ͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹̀͸ͪ
΂ͳ t͸Ͱͭͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͸Ͱͭͪ΁ͳΒͪiͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͳͷ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽ ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ ͼͳͽ͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͫͰͯ; ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰ΁ͳΓͰͬͪ ͼͻͰΕ; ͷͳͻ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ͺͻͪͬͯ; ͷ͹ͻͪͶ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͬͶͪͯͪΔͰͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼͪͷ͹
ͺ͹;ͲͯͪΔͰ ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ– ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ– ͫͰͲ͹ͺͪͼ
͸͹ͼͽ ͅͳΒͪͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ
̀ͪ͹ͬͪΒͺ͹Βͪͷͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͲͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ͳ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬ͹ͼͽͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͬͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽͪ
͸Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽͪ
͵͹ΒͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͳ
͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ̸Ϳͳͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸ͪ

ͳͲͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͰΒͰͼͽͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰ͹ͺͽͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͫͰͲ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰͼͽͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫΒͰ
͵ͽͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪ ΂;ͬͪͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌ;ΒͰͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸;ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͺ͹ΒͷͪͫͰͲͫͰ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ ͼͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͫͻͪ͸ͳ ΃ͽͳͽͳ
ͯͪͽ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹͵͹ ͼͰ΃ͽͳͽͳ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ– ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳ͹ͺͽͳͷͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸ͳ ͽͰͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͬ͸ͳͬ͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
ͼͽͪΔͰͲͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪ͸ͳͼ;͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸ͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͷ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰͷ΂ͳΒͳ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͫ;ͯͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͳͶͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ ͳͯͪͭͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽͼ;ͫΒͰ͵
ͽͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;ͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͳͶͳ
͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͪ͌ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͫͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
̻͹ͻͯͳΕ

̓ͪ͹ͼͽͪΔͰ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͽ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͳ͸ͽͰ
ͻͰͼͰ ͪͶͳͳͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸͹ͯ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ; ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͼͰ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͽͪΔͰ ͬͰΕ ͳ ͵ͪ͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵ͻͪΒΔͳͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̓ͪ͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸͹͵ͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔ; Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔ;ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ
͆Ͱ ;ͶͪͲͰΕͳ ͯ;ͫΓͰ ; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͳͽͳ ; ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͪͷ͹ͭ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ͸ͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͳͶͳ
ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵;ͻͪͯͪΕͰͫͳͽͳͬͳ΃ͰͻͰ΂ͳ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ
͵ͻͳͲͰ ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͼͽͰͱͳ΃ͽͰͷ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;͸ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳ͉Ͱͺ;
ͫͶͳ͵;͊ͻͫͳΒ;
͌͋́͏̸̸̸̸̸̺͉͎̻͇̹͎͇͇̺̹̹͇͊̾̾͆́̈́̈́͆́͋̓͆̾̀̾̽͆͊͋͠ͅ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͉̺͈͇̻̹̽̿̀̽͆̈́̓͆
͈ͻͬͳ͹ͫͻͳͼͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͵ͪͻ͸͹ͷ
͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ;̸͊̽ ͸Ͱ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸;ͰͶͳͽ;ͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͸ͳͼ;
;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳ ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͵͹Βͳ ΕͰ ;ͼͶͰͯͳͽͳ ; ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳͷ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ̺ͪͻͶ͹ͫͻͲ͹ ͻͰ΁ͰͼͳΒͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͻͪͼͽͪ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;
͵ͻͳͲ; ͵͹ΒͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͷͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀t͹ͫ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪi͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹
ͬͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹͵;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸Ͱ̸Ϳͻͳ͵Ͱͳ̸ͲͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͸ͳͼ͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪ
͵͹ΒͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹ͿͰ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳͯ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͵ͪ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ Korybko,
͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕͳͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ
͆ͪͺ;ͽ;͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ͹ͬͪͻͰ͵ͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ;ͭͶͪͬ
͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ;ͽͳ΂;Εͳͽͪ͵͹͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬ;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀
ͳͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͯͬͪͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ͈ͪͻͬͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͼͰ

͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬ;͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ͼͰͯͻ;ͭͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͰͺͻͰͽΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͳ
ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ
̽ͳͼ͵;ͻͼͳ͹ͫͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͰͺͻͰͽΔͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳͼ;΃ͳͻ͹ͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ;ͽͳ΂;Εͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ΒͳͶͳͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹Β͵ͻͳͲͳ ͸Ͱ;ͶͪͲͰΕͳͯ;ͫΓͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;͹ͬͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͽͪͭͷͳ) ΒͰͼͽͰ
ͳͳͲΒ̺ͪͬͪͪ΁Ͷͪͬͪ̓Ͷͪ;ͼͪͲͪ΂Ͱ΃͵Ͱ ͷͰͯͳΒͰͯͪ tͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͷͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͬͻ΃ͳͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼ
ͽͬ͹ ͳͯͪΒͰͽ͹͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͯͪͽ͹ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳͻͪͼͺͪͯͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪi ̈́ͪͶͳΕ ͚;ͻͳΕ ͳ̈́ͳͺ͹ͬͪ΁
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͺͪͯͳ
ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ̹ͰͶͭͳΒͰ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ΒͳͶͳͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ
͸͹ΒͬͰͲͳͼͪ́ͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷ ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸;Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽͯͻͱͪͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰͲͫ͹ͭ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͭͽͪͶͪͼͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪͺΓ;ͼ͸;͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͳͫͻ͹ΒͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ– ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͽͻͪͱͳͶͪ΁ͪͪͲͳͶͪ
́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹ ͼͬͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͺͻͰͬͳͻͪΔͪΒ͹΃͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͎͎ͪͬͰ͵ͪͺͪ͸ͪͯͪΓͰ ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ
ͼ;͸ͰͳͲͫͻͳͼͳͬͽͻͪͭ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͼͳ͸ͽͪͭͷͪ
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸) ͪͻͪͲͶ͹ͭΒͰͶͳ΁ͰͷͰͻ͸ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͯͪͼͰͳͲtͫ;ͻͰͽͪͫͪͻ;ͽͪi ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͬͪΒͻͰͭͳ͹͸ ͸ͪͬ͹Ͷ΃Ͱͫͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͪ͵͹͸͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪΓͰΔͪͳ
;Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;;͸ͳΒ;tͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͰiͼͬͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͬͪΓͯͪͳ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͫͪ΃;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪ͸ͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹Β͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳ΂͸ͰͷͻͱΔͰͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͳ
ͽͻͰΕͰͭͻͰͯͪ.
́͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͳͶͳ ͫ͹ΓͰͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͽͻͪͱͰΔͪͪͲͳͶͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͺ͹ͫͰͭ͸;͹ͯ
ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭ͹͸ͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳͲͻͪͫΓͳͬͪΔͪ;ͲͰͷΓͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼ;;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͱͪͻͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͱͳͬͳͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͳ
ͼͬͰͽ
͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸ͳͷͳͻ;ͼͬͰͽ;Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͰ΀;ͻ͹ͯͼͪͺ;͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͺ;͵͸Ͱͼͬͪ͵ͳ΂ͪͼ
͈͹ͻͰͯͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͸ͪ͵͹Β;ΕͰͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͬͻͪͽͳͽͳ
͹ͲͫͳΓͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͲͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪΒͰͼ;ͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͳͲͶͪͼ͵̺ͪͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͲ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ;̹ͳͬ΃͹Β͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹Β͉Ͱͺ;
ͫͶͳ΁ͳͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳ ̹͉͠ͅ
͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͳ̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳΒͪͳ
ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͳͲͫͳΒͪΔͰ;ͺͻͬͳͺͶͪ͸ͷͻͱΔͰͺͻͰͷͪ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͽͪ͵͹Ͳ
ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͷͪ͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͰͳͲ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ
͆Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;͹ͬͳ
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͳͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳ͈͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪΕͳͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͰͱͰΓͰͲͪ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰͷtͲͰͶͰ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͸ͼͬͰͻͲͪͶͰi͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͪͅͶͰ̸ͲͳΒͰͳ̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹͵ͪͼͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ͹ͷ ͵͹Βͪ
ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͷ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ;Ͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ
̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͹ͳͪͺͼ;ͻͯ͸;ͱͰΓ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͲͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͷtͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰi ͺ͹ͯͺͶͪ΃ͽ͹ͷ
ͼͰ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ

̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ΒͰ ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ͺͪͯ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͷͪͶͳͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳͲͷͪͶͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪ;ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪΒͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ
͸ͳΒͰͭͯͰͶͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͷͶͪΌͰͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ;ͲͰͷΓͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ
ͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ͇ͬ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ͯ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹ͭͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪ ͪ͵ͪ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͳͽ͹ͭͪͷ͹ͭ;
ͼͰ͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;͹ͼͽͪͶͪͳͶͳ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͫͰͲͻͪͯ͸͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ
͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͊ͬͰ͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹ͬͰΕ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͪ͸͹ͷͻͰ΁Ͱͺͽ; ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ΃ͪ͸ͼ;ͺ͹ͺ;ͶͳͼͽͳͷͪͳͰ͵ͼͽͻͰ
ͷ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳͷͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͹ͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻͰͼͳ
Β͹ͷ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͪͬͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͺ;͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵͹ͷ
͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͭ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͳͪͭͳͽͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͽͻͪͱͰΔͰͷ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ;ͷͪΔ;Β; ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͯ ͺͶͪ΃ͽ͹ͷͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ ; ͹ͫͰͼͺͻͪͬΓͳ
ͬͪΔͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ

͑ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͽͪͶͪͼͪ ͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͰͺͶͪͬΓͪΒ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺ;ͽͰͬͪ
ͺ͹ͻͰͯtͷͰͯͳͽͰͻͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͻ;ͽͰi ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰtͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵;ͻ;ͽ;i Δͳ΀͹ͬͫͻ͹Β͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽ;͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͆ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷ͎ͪ͌͆͏͉ ͪ
ͫͻ͹ΒͯͻͱͪͬΓͪ͸ͪ͊ͳͻͳΒͰ
͵͹ΒͳͽͻͪͱͰͪͲͳͶ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹͵͹͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊ͳͻͳΒͰ
͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳͶͳͲͰͷΓ;͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͼ;͵͹͇ͫͪͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͶͪͳ
;͋;ͻͼ͵͹Β ̈́ͳͫͪ͸; ͠͹ͻͯͪ͸; ́ͻͪ͵;ͳ̾ͭͳͺͽ;̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͹ͬͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪͺ͹͵;
΃ͪͬͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͰͯͪͼͷͪΔͳͺͻͳͶͳͬͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͌ͼͬͰͽͶ;ͺͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷͪ ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ΒͰͼ; ͳ ͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰ ͳͲΒͪͬͰ ͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ̾ͻͯ͹ͭͪ͸ͪ ͹ ͺ;΃ͽͪΔ; ͺ͹
ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ͵ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ͸ͪͷͰͼͰ΂͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͊ͬͰ ͹ͬ͹ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭtͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͻ;ͽͰiͳͷͪ
͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
͇ͬͪͻ;ͽͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͺͻͪͬͪ΁͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͺͻͰ͵͹͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͰ ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͌ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; ͵ͻͳͲͰ ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪͶͪ ͯͪ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ͼ;͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͺ;΃ͽͪͶͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͪΓͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;;͸ͳΒ;͈ͻͰͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͎ͪ͌͆͏͉ ͫ
͹͵͹ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ
ΒͰͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͫͳ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒΔͳ΀ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͫͳͽͳ
;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸;ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪͺͪͯͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ
͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼ; ͼͰ ͬͰΕͳͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶͳͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ ΒͰ ͫͻ͹Βͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
ͺͻ͹΃ͪ͹tͷͰͯͳͽͰͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻ;ͽ͹ͷiͳtͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻ;ͽ͹ͷiͬͰΕͺͻͰͷͪ΃ͳ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ ;ͲͺͻͰͽΔͰͽ;ͻ
ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͰͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ̾ͻͯ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͳͼͪͯͪͬͰΕͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ́ͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͯ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺ͹ͷ ͸ͪͯͬͳͶͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ ΔͰ͸; ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͌ ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ ;͸ͳΒͪ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪ ͯͪ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͳ ͯͪΓͳ ͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͻ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͵ͪ ΔͰ͸ͳͷ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͪͅΌͪͻͳ ͼ;
ͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͳͲͳͯ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪ ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͪͼ;Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͶͰͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͼͰ;
ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;͸ͪ΃ͶͰͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ;ͶͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪtͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͻ;ͽͳi ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ
ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ; ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ
ͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͳ ͺͻͬͪ ͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ͹ͬͪͶͪ ͳ ΀;ͷͪ͸͹ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͯ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀
ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͲͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͎͎ͬͰ͵ͪ

͈͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺ͹͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͽͪͬ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͯͪΕͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ
;͸ͳΒͪͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͹ͻͰͪͯͷͳͼͳΒͳͬͻͪͽͳͽͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͰ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͫ;ͯ;ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳ;ͽ͹
΂ͳ΃ͽͰ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͌͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;΂Ͱͭͪͫͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͫͳ͹ͬͻͪΕͰ͸͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ
͌ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ; ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ
;͸ͳΒͰ͑Ͱ͸ͭͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ΒͰ ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ; ͯͪ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ; ͹ͫͻͳͼͰ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹-
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͷ ΒͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ
ͭͻ;ͺͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ΒͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ΒͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵;ͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪ ΒͰͼ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂
͵ͪͳ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪ– ͯͪ͸ͪͼͬ͹ͯͰΕͰͲͰͷΓͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ
̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹-Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͳ͸
΁ͳͺͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺΒͰ͹ͯͷͪ΀Βͪͼ͸͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸͹
Ͷͳ΁Ͱͅ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͳ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͼͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͼͰͼͪͷͪͺ͹ͷͳ
ͼͪ͹͸ͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹͵ͪͱΔͪͬͪͳ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͈ͪͬͪͻͳͷͰͻͳͲͪͽ͹ ͼ;;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ͳ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ;ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ̸͊̽ͳ̺ͰͶͳ͵̹ͪͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪ 4NJUI
͈ͻͬͪ ;
͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͪͲͳͶͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͳ ͽͻͪͱͰΔͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Γͪͬͪ ͺͻͳΒͰͷ
ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͳͲ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͪͳͭͻͪͯͳͲͳͯͺͻͰͷͪͅͰ͵ͼͳ͵; ͯ͹͵ͯͻ;ͭͪͳͲͶͪͲͳͳͲ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ
;͸ͳΒͰ ͱͰͶͰΕͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͬͳ΃Ͱͼͪ΂;ͬͪͼͬ͹ΒͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ̈́ͪͶͳΕ ͚;ͻͳΕͳ
̈́ͳͺ͹ͬͪ΁

́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ;͹΂ͳͽͳ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͹ͯ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̽͹͵ ͼͰ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ;
͹ͬͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;͹͸ͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͼͰͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳͭͻͪ
Όͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ ͸ͪ ͪͽͰͳͲͷ; ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷ ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼ; Ͷͪͱ͸͹ͭ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͆ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ Ͳͪ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽͪ͸ ͸ͪ ͼͰͫͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸

ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸ DJUJ[FO) – ΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͶͪͼ ͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ– ΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͶͪͼ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͵ͪ͹ͳ̸͸ͭͶ͹ͼͪ͵ͼ͹͸΁ͳͷͪ;̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͬͪ͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̸͊̽
͵ͳͽͳͫ͹ͱͳΕ͸; ͪ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δ; ΒͰͶ͵; ͳ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵̸Ͷͳ Ͳͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͰͷͰͻ͸͹ͷͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͼͷͰͽͪΒ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͬͰͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͷͰͽͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͪ ΒͰͻͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ ͳͶͳ;͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͪͭ͸͹ͼͽͳ΂͵͹͌ΔͰͷ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͬ͹
ͭͶͪͼͪ ͺ͹ͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷͯͪΒͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸ ͺͪͷͪ͵ͪͻͫͳ͹ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͯͻͱͪͬͰ;͵͹Β͹Βͱͳͬͳ͊ͬͰͶͳ΁ͰͷͰͻΒͰ
͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͰͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͭͯͰΒͰͽͪΒͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ
ͺ͹ͭͪͱͰ͸ͳͭͯͰ͸ͳΒͰͬͪͱͳ͹ͽ͹ͫ͹ͱͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸– ΒͰͯͪ͸
ͭͶͪͼ ͬͰΕ ͭͶͰ΂;ͯͪ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ΒͰͬͪͱͳ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺΒͰͯ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ– ΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͶͪͼ͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͶͪͱ͸͹ͭͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͲͷ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳ̹͉͠ͅͼͰͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ ;Ͳ
ͼͬͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪ΃ͶͰ͌ͽͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳ
ΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͳͷͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪͷ͹ͻͪͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪͽͳͺͻ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ΃ͽͳͽͰΕͳͺͻͪͬͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͳ ͸Ͱ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͷͪͶͪ ͬͻͪͽͪ ͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͻͪͲ͸͹ͻͪͲ͸͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͬ͹Β;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͺ͹ͯͺͶͪ΃ͽ͹ͷͯͪΕͰͽͪΒͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͻͰ΃ͳͽͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹
ͯͻ;ͭͳ
͌ͼͶͳ΂͸͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͳ̹͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͺͻ̸ͪͬͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ;͹ͬ͹Βͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͶͪͼ– ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ

̹͌͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎ͰͻͰ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͼͰͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β;ͯ;ͺͶͳͪͻ΃ͳ͸ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰ ͼͰͺͻͪͬ͹
ΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸– ΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͶͪͼ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰͼͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ
͸ͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͪͶͳ;ͲͼͬͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸;ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸Ͱͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͪͬͪͼͰ
ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
͉ͪͯͳ΃ͳΕ ͈ͰΒͳΕ ̹Ͱ͵ͽ͹
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;͹ͬ͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷͼͳͶͪͷͪ
͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪΒ;ͬͰ΀ͪͫͳΒͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͊ͽͪͻ͹͉ͭͪͼͪͳ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ Ϳ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͼͽͳͳΘͳ΀ͪ
ͯͳͼͽͳ́ͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͌ͬͻͽͶ͹ͭ;͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰͳ̹͉͠ͅ ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͺͻͰͯ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͷͿͪͲ͹ͷ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ
͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸͹ͷt͹ͫ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͷͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷi ͭͯͰΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͽͳ͸͹ͬ;ͬͶͪͼͽ ͵͹ΒͪΕͰ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͽͳͿͰͯͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͯ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰtͽͳͻͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͰi͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;tͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰi
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͵ͪ͹ͯͰ͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪtͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰiͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͽͰͱΔͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͼͪ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͯͪͼͰ;΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳΒ;ͱ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹͸ͪͲͬͪ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͽͪͭͷ͹ͷ͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬͼ͵ͪͯ͹Ͷͳ͸ͪ
ͺ͹͵ͪ
ͲͪͶ͹͵ͪ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰͼ;ͼͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͳͼͰͶͳͶͳ ͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͳͷͳͯ;;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͳ
ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͪͼͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ͵ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;ͳͫ͹ΓͰͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͳͲͼͬͰͭͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͬͳ͹ͬͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͳͷͪΒ;
ͼͬ͹Β;ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͷ͹ͱͯͪ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͺ;
΃ͽͰ͸ͼͪͷ͹ͷͼͰͫͳ͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ;͹ͬͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳ͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼ͵ͳ͸;ͽͳͷͪͼ͵;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͳͬͻͪͽͳͽͳͭͪͽͪͷ͹ͭͯͰͷ;ΒͰͳͷͰͼͽ͹
;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͹ͷ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͽ͹ͻͪͯͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳ͵͹ͶͰͬ͵ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹
ͯ͸͹ΒͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͯͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ͫͰͼͺͻͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ;
͵͹ͻͳͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͪͽͻͪͱͰΔͰͷͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͻ΃ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ ́ ; ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͬͶͪͯͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͪͶͳ ; ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͽͰͻͰ΂ͳ ͵ͪ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͳͽ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯͷͪΔͳ͸͹ͷ ͳͶͳͬͶͪͯͪ
ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͸ͪͯͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ ͬͰΕͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ;ͳͷͰͺͻͪͬͪͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͽͳͼͰͳͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͸ͪ͸ͪ;΂͸͹Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͼͽͪͬ͹
ͬͳͷͪ ͪ͸Ͱͭ͸͹ͼͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͳͷͪ ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵;
ͼͬͰͽͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵ͳΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;ͯ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪΒͰ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽtͬͰͶͳ͵̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒͪiͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β Ϳ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸
ͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͪͫͳ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͫͳͶͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ
͆Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͲ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪͽͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͰͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵Ͱ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ
͵ͪ͵ͪͬ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͷͪͶ͹͸ͪͲͰͷΓͰ ; ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͪͶͳͳ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ͆Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰ
;΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳͼͬͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͳͼͰ͸ͪ΃ͪ͹ͷ͹ͯͰͶͺ͹ͼͺͰ΃ͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͻͪ΃ͽͪΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
͹͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ– ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͇ͬ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ;ͻͪͯͳͽͳͺͻͰͷͪͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͺͻͰͷͪͷ͹ͯͰͶ;̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͷ͹Εͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪͷͪͼͪͽͻ͹ΒͰͳͬͳ΃ͰͯͰ΁ͰͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ;ͼͪͻͪ
ͯΔͳͼ̻ͪͻ΂͵͹ͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ΁ͻ͵ͬ͹ͷ

͊ͬͳ ͹ͬͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;Β; ͺͻ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂ͳ͸ͰΕͳ ͸ͪ ͽͪΒ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͻͱͪͬͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸ͳΒͳͷͳͼͳͭ;ͻ͸ͳΒͳͷ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͹͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰ;Δͳͷͪ
΂ͳ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͯͰ͹ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̓ͪ͹ͷͪͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͪͼ͵ͻ͹ͷ͸ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪͳͶ͹΃͹ͷͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵ͳͷͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͲͰͷΓͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳ ͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͼͬͰͼ͸Ͱ
͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͰ͸͹ͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͅͰΔͪΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵
ͽ;ͻͰΒͰͼͽͰͻͰͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͲͪͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳ
ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͯͪΓͰͭ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ͇ͬͪ
͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹ͱͰ΂ͪ͵ͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͳͯ͹͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ
͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͬͰͼ͸ͪ͹ͬͰ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͽ͹͵͹ͷ͎͎
ͬͰ͵ͪ ͫͳͶͪ ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͷ ͬͳ΃ͰͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͼͽͻͪͯͪΔ; ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͳ
ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͪ ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ;
ͯ͹ͷͰ͸;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͽͰͻͰ΂ͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͳͼ;ͯͫ͹͸͹ͼ͸ͪͲͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹͵ͻ͹ͲͺͻͳͲͷ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ
ͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͪͳͷͪΒ;Εͳͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ;ͬͳͯ;ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͳͼ
ͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͳ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ; ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͼͬͰ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͷ͹ͻͪ ͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪͽͳ ͼͬͰͼͽ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͬͰΕͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̻͹ͻͯͳΕ, ͅ (2008). ͅ͹ͯͪͶ͸ͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽ ; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ

ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͯͳͼͰͻͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͍͈ͪͯ͆.
̻͹ͻͯͳΕ, ͅ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ, ́ (2014). ͉ͪ͵Ͱͽ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͳ ; ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳ ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͅ͏
͇ͯͫͻͪ͸ͪ.
Kegley, Ch. & Raymond, G. (2002). #VJMEJOH8PSME0SEFSJOUIF/FX.JMMFOOJVN&YPSDJTJOHUIF(IPTU
PG8FTUQIBMJB New Jersey1SFOUJDF)BMM.
,PSZCLP "
)ZCSJE8BST5IF*OEJSFDU"EBQUJWF"QQSPBDIUP3FHJNF$IBOHF. MoscowPeo-
ples Friendship University of Russia. Smith, A. (1991). /BUJPOBM*EFOUJUZ&OHMBOE1FOHVJO#PPL
̈́ͪͶͳΕ ̺, ͚;ͻͳΕ ͊ ̈́ͳͺ͹ͬͪ΁ ͅ
. ́ͲͫͰͭͶͳ΂͵ͪ ͳͶͳ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ –
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͰͳͷͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳ ;̺̽ ͌ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;
̹ͪΔͪͶ;΁ͳ, –64.

ͅͳΒͪͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ, ͊ (2011). ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ. ̽ͻ;ͭ͹, ͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͳͯ͹ͺ;ΔͰ͸͹ͳͲͯͪΔͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̓ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͪͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ.
Morley, D., Chen, K-)., Stuart )BMM, S. (1996). $SJUJDBM %JBMPHVFT JO $VMUVSBM 4UVEJFT New York
Roudledge.
͉ͪͯͳ΃ͳΕ, ̽ ͈ͰΒͳΕ ͅͳ̹Ͱ͵ͽ͹ ̾
ͅͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͳ͸͹ͬͳͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͫͰͲͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ. ͉ͳͲͳ΁ͳ
ͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͰͺͻͰͽΔͰ ;̺̽ ͌ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹ͪΔͪͶ;΁ͳ, –
72.
͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ ̈́ͳͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ, ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͳ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳͻͪͽ. ̸̺͉͇̻͊, ͬ͹Ͷ
–26. %0*4735.
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Asylum Applications. ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪ IUUQEBUBVOIDSPSH /syrianrefugees /asylum.php#.
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. The Crisis in Syria.
͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪ IUUQwww.unhcr-northerneurope.org/in-focus/the-crisis-in-syria/.
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SUMMARY
We are witnesses of global changes that as a result would be able to have the biggest upheaval all over
the world since World War II. Namely, the disintegration of the bipolar world and global changes that fol-
lowed after, led to the formation of a new world order, which was with the emergence of the world econom-
ic and global migrant crisis plunged into serious problems.
There is no doubt that global trends have a significant influence POTNBMMTUBUFTUIBUBSFUSZJOHUPiTVr-
WJWFuUIFMBUFTUFWFOUTXJUIDFSUBJOUZUIBUOPPOFcan say how it will be ended.
This paper, which is concerned with the trends of modern global changes to security, in addition to in-
troduction and conclusion, consists of three parts. In the first part, globalization and global phenomena that
have during recent years significantly contributed to changes in world order in all spheres of social life are
described briefly.In the second part, the way of categorizing and defining small states using quantitative and
qualitative criteria is explained, while in the third part, the concept of security is described. The fourth part
deals with the influence of global changes on the security of small countries in the Balkan region.
,&:803%4 globalization, migrant crisis, small countries.

̸͇͉̀͆̽ ̻͇̺͌̽́ͣ1
̺ͳͼ͹͵ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͼͽͻ;͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ Ͳͪ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂Ͱ
ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂ͪͻͰ t͊ͳͻͷͳΒ;ͷi
͊ͻͰͷͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
̸̸͇̻͇̹͎͈͉͇͆͋́͆́̾̈́̈́́͊͋́͐̓́͠ͅ͏̸̾͊
̸̺͉͇̺͌͊̾̾͆͊̾͋͌ͅͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̸;ͽ͹ͻΒͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ͹͵Γ;΂͸ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͬͳͯͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͼͳ͸ͽͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ΀ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͹;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸;΁ͰͶͳ͸;͍Ͱ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͳͲͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹-ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ ; ͼͬͰͽͶ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ
͊ͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͯͪ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͳͼͪͬͰͲͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;͸͹ͬͰ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ
͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸͈ͭͪͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽ; ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱ
ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͯ;΀ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪ ͬͰΕ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͶͪ͵ͼͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱͽͪ͵͹
Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͲͪͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͺͻͰͷ͸Ͱͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳͲ;ͲͰ̸ͬ͊̽ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͬ͹ͯͰΕͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͪͬͰͲͪ ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪ͸͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͯ
ͻ;΂ΒͰͼ͵͹ΒͰͭͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͺͻͰͽΔͪ͹ͯͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͺͪͼͰ͸ͪͰͷͰΕͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͲͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͪ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͭ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͳ;
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ;ͼͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷ̸͇͆͋
͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͼͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ̸͇͆͋ͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͹ͯ
ͺͻͰͽͻͳͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͆Ͱ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ΃ͽͳͽͳͶͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͬ͹Β͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ͫ͹ͱ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͳ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͬͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͲͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ;ͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ
ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ; ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸͹ͬͰΕͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͼͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ
ΒͰͼͬͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͪ ͯͳͼ͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͳ ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ
͸͹ͬ͹ͭͽͻͰ͸ͯͪ͹΂ͳͽͪͬͪͼͰ;ͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸͹ΒͬͳͲͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͵͹Β͹Βͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪ
ͼͬͰͽΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͰΕͳͼͪͷ͹͹ͺͳͼ;͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹Β͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̾͌ ̸͇͆͋ ͷͳͻ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
̺͇͌̽
͈͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ
ͫ;ͯͰ;ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͰ͸͹ͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪ͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫ͹ͿͳͶͳΒͪ͸ͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫ͹Ϳ͹ͫͳΒ͇ͪͫͰ͵ͻͪ-
Β͸͹ͼͽͳͫͳͫͳͶͰ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͰͳͶͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
1
dusangvz@eunet.rs
216
̸͇͉̀͆̽ ̸̻͇̺͌̽́ͣ͸ͽͳ͸͹ͷͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;
ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭ ͺͪͱΔͳ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ ͫͰͲͷͪͶ͹ ͽͻͳ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ΒͰ ͳͼͽͪΕͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳͳͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͼͽͳ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͳͶͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͯͬ͹ͯͳͶͳͺ͹ͯ
ͼͳ͸ͽͪͭͷ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ͼ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ ͳͯͰͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳ ͳͼͽͻͪΒͪͬͪΔ; ͸ͪ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ; ͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ ΒͰ ͳ Β͹΃ ΒͰ ͺ͹͸ͰͭͯͰ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ͸ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ ͳ
ͺ͹Ͳͳͬ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͳͻͰͲͰͻͬͳͼͪ͸ͲͪͿͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͪͺ͹ͭͶͪͬΓͪͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ
͵ͪͽ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪͼͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ;Ͳͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹
ͬͪ͸; ͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒ; ͬͰͲͪ͸; Ͳͪ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͳ͸͹ͬͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͳ ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ ͼͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͯͪͽ͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ,B͵PΒͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸͹ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔ; ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ΁Ͱ͹ ͼͬͰͽ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ
͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͳ ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͼͬͰ ͬͰΕͪ ̽ͻ;ͭͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ;ͬͳͯ;͹ͺͼͰ͸Ͱͳͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͯ͹ͫͪͻͲͪͼͬͰ
̾͋͆́͐̓́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋ ̸̸̺͉͇͈̾͊̓͌͆́͠ ̸̸̸̺͉͇̺͊̾̾͆͋̈́͆͋͊̓́͊̾̀

͌͹΂Γͳͬͳ ͼ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ;ͺͶͳͪͻ΃ͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ;ͭͶͰͯͪͳͲͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͬͰͽͪͳΔͰ͸Ͱͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸ͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ
Δͪ ;͸Ͱ͵͹Β͹ͯͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ̓ͪͯͪͼͰ;͸Ͱ͵͹Β͹ͯͲͰͷͪΓͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳ
ΒͰͳͼͺ͹Γͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ;ͶͰͭͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͼͰ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͼͽͰͲ͹ͷ͹͸Ͱͺͻͳ
͵͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬ͹ΓͰ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;̸͊̽ΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ͵͹͸ͶͰͭͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͫͰͯͰ̽͹͸ͪͶͯͪ͋ͻͪͷͺͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͼͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͷͪ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͪ;Ͷͳ΂͸ͪͫ;Βͳ΁ͪͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͻ;΃ͳͶͪ΂͵͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔ͈ͪ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬ͹ͷͲͫ͹ͭͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸͹ͭͳͼ΀͹ͯͪ ͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁Ͱ͎ͳͶͪͻͳ̓Ͷͳ͸ͽ͹͸ͳͻͪͲͷͪͱͰ͸ͳΘͰͽ
ͼͰͽͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀ͳͬͳ΃ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳ ͼ;ͯͪͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ
͹ͼ;Ό;Β;͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ;ͲͯͰͷͪͭ͹΃͵ͪͼͺ͹΂ͳͽͪͬͪΔͪͳͺͻ͹ͼͬͰΕͳͬͪΔͰtͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ͸Ͱ;͵ͳ΀i͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
͋͹͵͹ͷ ͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ 99 ͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͺͻͬͪ ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͫͳͶͪΒͰͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕͳͬͪΔͰͼͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͈͹ͼ
ͽͻͪͽ͸ͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͯ͹ͬͰ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪ ͽͰΒͰ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͼͺ͹ͻͪ
ͯͳ΂͸ͳͷ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͼͶ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͺͻͳΒͰͷ;΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹̾͌ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼ
ͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͫͳͶͪͼ;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͼͶͪͫͳΒͳͷ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͽͪ͵ͬ͹Βͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͳ ͯͪͫͳͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ
͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͬͪ͸̾͌ͬͰΕͳ;Δ͹Βͼͪͷ͹Βͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪͶͪ;ͬͳͯ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͲͷͪ
͆ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͷ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ ͸ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͼͰ ͭͶͰͯͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;
͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸͹ͭ͵ͻ;ͭͪ ͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸;ͳͲ;ͱͰͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͹ͫ;
΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ ΃ͳͻͳͷ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͰΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͇ͬͪΒ ͯ;ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ ΒͰ ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬͪ͸ ͳͲͻͪͲ ;
ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͽ͹ͭͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͢ͳͷͰͼ;ͼͰͼͶ;ͱͳͶͳͻͪͲͫ͹ͻͳͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͰ΃
ͽ͹ ͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͶͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͯͬͪΒ; ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͹ͼ;Ό;Β;Εͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͊ͽͬͪͻ ΒͰ
ͫͳͶͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͲ͹ͫͶͳ΂ͳͯ͹͸Ͱ͵ͶͰͶͪͱ͸ͪͯͳͶͰͷͪͯͪͶͳͼͰͽͻͰͫͪ͹ͯͻͰΕͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ
;Εͳ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͳͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͲͪΓ;ͫΓͰ͸͹ͳͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͹ͼͽͪͽͳ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ΒͳͲ͹Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ;͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;ͯͪ
ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͷ͹͸ͪ΃͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͋ͪͽΒͪ͸̻ͪͶͳ͸ͽͳΕͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪͶͪΒͰͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͯͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ
217
͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͳ͸͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ͹ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͫͪͬͰ
ͲͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪͷͪ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;;ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͼͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹΃Ε;΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͯͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͼͬ͹Β;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ̻Ͷͳ͸ͽͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
̹ͳͽͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͫͳͽͳͺͻͬ͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸
͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͯͪΓͰ ͫͳͽͳ͍ͻͪ͸΁;Ͳ ̾͸ͭͶͰͲ ͑ͺͪ͸ͪ΁ (ͳͼͽ͹).
̀ͪ ͅͳͻ͹ͼͶͪͬͪ ͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕͪ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵; ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹ͯͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ΂͵͹
͵͹ͺͳͻͪΔͰͳͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͇ͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪt΀͹ͯ͸ͪͯͬͰ͸͹ͭͰiͺͻͰ;Ͳͳͷͪ
ΔͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͵͹ͬͳ͸ͪͳ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪΔͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ
͈ͻͳͬͻͱͰ
͸͹ͼͽͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͪΒͰͫ͹ΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰΓ;ͯͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͽͰͫͳͽͳ;ͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͬͰΕΒͰͳͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͪͯͪΒͰͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͬͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸͌͵ͻͪ
ͽ͵͹ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͷ͹ͻͪͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͪ͵͹ͷ;͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͳ
ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ̾͌ͯͪ͸ͪͼͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͯ;ͫΓ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;͵ͻͳͲ;
͆ͪͼͽͪͶͪΒͰ͸ͪͯͰͷͪͭ͹΃͵ͳͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪ ͷͰΌ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰ
ͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;Ͳ;Ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͯ͹ͱͳ
ͬΓͪΒ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ΔͰ͸ͳͷ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͋ͪΒ ͸͹ͬͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ
ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳͬͪ͹ͲͰͷΓͪͷ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ΒͰͳͲ;ͭͶͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͳͬͳͯ
Ͱͬͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸Ͱͺ͹͸;ͯͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ́͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰ͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳͷ
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͵ͶͳͲͳ
ͶͰͼ;;ͯͻ;ͭͳͺͶͪ͸ͺͻͰͯͼͬͰ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͳͷͺ͹Βͪͬͪͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹ͺ;ͶͳͲͷͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ͠Ͱͯͪ͸
͹ͯͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͲͪΔͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͫͳ͹ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ;ͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͬͪͺͪΒͳͷͪͺͻͳͬͻͰ
ͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͽͬͻͯͳͶͳͯͪͳͷΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱͼ͵Ͷͪͺͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ;̸͊̽ͳ̸ͲͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ %PNFOBL ͼͽͻ 12).
&ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ; ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪΒͪͬͪͷͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͼͽͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ ΒͰ
ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͪͻͪͬͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ΁ͳΓͰͬͪ ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͸ͪ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͽͶ;́Ͳͪͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͼͶͪͭͪͷ͹ͽͳͬͪΔͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ ͵ͻͳ͹ͼͰͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌Ͳͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͪͭͰ͸ͯͰΔͰ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ̽ͻͪͭͪ͸ͪ
́ͶͳΕͬͳͲͳΒ;̾͌ͬͳͯͳͳ;ΔͰ͸͹ΒͳͯͰΒͳͯͪͼͬͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͰ;ͼͷͰͻͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸
͵;ͻͰ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͼͬͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹̸͊̽ͳͪ͠ͺͪ͸ ́ͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̺ͰΕͼͪͯͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͬ͹ͯͰΕͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͲͰͷ
Γͪͷͪ ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ́ͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͢Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸ͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͸Ͱ;ͷͪΔ;ΒͰ;ͽͳͼ͵ͰͶ͹΃ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀;͵;ͼͪͳ
΂;ͯͰͼ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵͹Β;ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻͳ;͹ͺͼͰͼͳΒͳͯͪͼͰͷͰ΃ͪΒ;;;͸;ͽͻͪ
΃Δ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
͋ͰͱΔͪͲͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ
ΔͰͲͳ͸ͳͷͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͻ;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͫͪ΃ͽͳΔͰΔͪ ͬͰΕͫ;ͯ;Ε͹ͷͼͶͳ͵͹ͷ͵͹ΒͪΕͰ
ͽͰͱͳͽͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͳͷͳͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͬͰͽͳΔͪͳ
Β͹΃ ͷͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͽͳ΁ͪ ͽͰ ΒͰ ΔͰͲͳ͸ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ Ͳͪ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬ͵͹ͷ ͬͰΕͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͳ͵ͪͯ ͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ
218
ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ ͬͰͶͳ͑;΃ΔͳΕ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͯͪͼͰ;͵ͳ͸;ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͳͯͰΒ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͪͼͬͰͯ;͸ͪͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸ͪ ͑;΃ΔͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͅ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͬͳ΃ͰͭͻͰ΃͸͹ͷ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͪͬͻ
΃Ͱ͸͹ͷ ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ΂;ͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭ ͬͰΕ͸ͪͷͰΔͪΔͰ;ͺͻͪͬ΁;ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ
͌ͫͻͲͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͷͳͶͳͽͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ
͸; ͵ͻͳͲ; Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͳ ͳͲͫͶͳͲͪ ͸Ͱ
Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸;ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽ;ͻ;͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ́;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͼͪͷͰ̸͇͆͋
͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸Ͱͼ;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸Ͱͺ;͵͹ͽͳ͸ͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͲͻͪͲ;ͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͰ͸ͳͷͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹
ͼͳͷͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̀ͪ͹΃ͽͻͰ͸ͪͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͰͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱ͹͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸͹ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱͳ̾͌ ͵ͪ͹ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͼͰͯͪ ̾͌ͳ͈͹Γͼ͵Ͱ ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱͳ̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱͳ͎͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͳΒͰ
5;ͻͼ͵Ͱͳ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͼͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͺͻͰͽͰΕͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ ͬͰΕͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͶͳ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵͹Βͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ͋;ͻͼ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͲͰͷΓͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͼ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͽͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͳΒͰͪ͵ͽͰͻ;ͻͪͲͷͳͻͳ΁ͪͷͪͼ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ͌ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͬͻͰͷͰͼ;ͳΔͰ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷ͊͹ͿͳΒ͹ͷͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹Ͳͪ͹΃
ͽͻͰ͸ͳ͇͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ͹͸ͯͪͻͰͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͯͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ
͵;Εͪͬͳ΃Ͱ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͰ͸ͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͳͽͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹ͭͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΃
ͽͬͪ ͊ͪͼͬͳͷΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪΕͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳͲͶͪͲͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ;ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;ͳͻͪ
Δ;͹ͻ;ͱΒͪͷͪΔͳͷͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͻͰͭͳΒͪͷͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΓͰΔ;ͳͺͪ΁ͳͿͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͷͪ
͈ͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͬͳͷ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ ͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ ; ͸Ͱ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ
;͵ͪͲͪͶͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͬͰͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳ͇̾͌ͺͼͰͼͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͷͼͬͰ΃Ε; ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͲͪ;ͬͰͲͰ͸;ͳͳͲͻͪͫΓͰ͸;
ͻͪͯ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ; ͸ͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͯͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͳͷ ͽͪͶͪͼͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͳͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ
͹ͻ;ͱΒͪ ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ Ͱ͸͵Ͷͪͬͪͷͪ ̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͭ ͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͬͻͪΕͪΒ; ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͫ;ͷͰͻͪ͸ͭ ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͳͷ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷ͇ͪͯ;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͪͯͪͺͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ;͸͹ͬ;ͼͻͰ
ͯͳ͸; ͺͪ ͼͬͰ ͯ͹ ͯ;ͫΓͳ΀ ͻͪͲͷͳͻͳ΁ͪ ͼ;ͼͰͯͪ ͳ ͯ͹Β;΂Ͱͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͸Ͱ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͹͵͹ ͫͳͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ̾͌ ͼͰͺ͹ͬͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯ͸ͪͶͰͽͳͷͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͪ́ͺͪ͵ ̾͌
ͬͪΓͪ ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪͽͳ ͳ ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ ;Ͳ ͲͶ;ͻͪͯͰ ͳ ͼͶͪͬ͹ͯ͹ͫͳͽ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͰ ͽͰͱͳͽͳ ͳ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͽͳ
ΔͰ͸͹ͷͻͪͼͺͪͯ;͇ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;Ͳͼͪ΂;ͬͪ͸ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͷͳͼͪ͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͳΓͪ;ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ;ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ
ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
́ͼ͵;΃ͰΔͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͼ; ͸Ͱͭͯͪ΃Δ; ͫ͹ΒͪͲͪ͸ ͺͪ ͳ ͺͪͻͪ͸͹Β; ͹ͯ ͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͰͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹͸Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͌Ͳͽ͹ ;͹ͬͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͲͪͲ͹
ͬͳͷͪ ͺͻͰ;ͻͪΔͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ͳ
ͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼ;͵͹ͫͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͫͳͽͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ΃ͽͰͽ͸Ͱ ͆ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳ ͬͻ΀͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸Ͱ ͫͳ ͼͷͰͶͳ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͼ;ͯͪ ͽͲͬ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹
ͺͳͽͪΔ;͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪΔ͹Β͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹Β͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ;̽ͪͽͳ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͸͹ͼͰͬͳ΃ͰͼͶ͹Β͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͶͪͭͰ ;Ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͶͪ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͻͳ͵ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳ
Βͪ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ̺ͪ͹Ͷ;͸ͽͪͻͳͲͪͷ;͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪͺ͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͺͻͰͷͪͷͪͶͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ– ΂Ͱ͵ͪͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ͸ͪͪͭͰ͸ͯͳͳͶͳͼͽͪ
ͷͪͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
219
͇ͬͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͫͳͶͳͼ;ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ;ͬͰͻͰΔͰͷͳͯͪ͵͹ͷͺͪͽͳͫͳͶ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε
͸ͳΒͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱ͸Ͱͳͼ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳ
ͲͰ ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷ ; ̽ͪͬ͹ͼ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;͵ͪͲͪ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͼ͵͹ͶͰ ;͸;ͽͪͻ
Δͳ΀ ͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹ͿͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ ;ͼͺ͹͸ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;
ͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͺͶͪ͸; ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͳͷͪ ; ̸ͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͳ ͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ̓͹Ͷͳ͸ ͈ͪ;Ͱͻ ΒͰ ͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪ ΕͰ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ; ͸ͪ͵ͪ͸ͳ ͯͪ ͸ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ
́ͻͪ͵ ͷͪ͵ͪͻ͸ͳ͵͹͹ͯ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͰͱͰͶͰ͹ͯͪΒ͹ΒͼͰͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱͳ͇ͬͰ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ
ͽͳͬͪ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷͪ ͵B͸ͪͯͼ͵ͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͦ͹͸͉ͪͶͼͽ͹͸͊͹Ͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͭ͹
ͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͵ͻͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͊͹Ͷ ͼͽͻ 272–273).
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͼͬͰͽ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;͹ΒͰͺͻͬ͹ͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳͼ; ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͼͪͻͪͯΔͪͳͼ͹Ͷͳ
ͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪͳͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ;ͲͪͷͰ͸;ͲͪͶͳ΁ͰͷͰͻΒͰ ͯͰͷͪͭ͹΃͵ͪͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͯͪͼͰ
͵ͪͷ;ͿͶͳͻͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳͭͻͰͼͳ͆ͰͺͻͪͬͰΕͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ̾͌ ͺͻͳͶͳ΂ͪ͸
ΒͰͫͻ͹ΒͰͬͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͳͽͬͻͯͰͯͪͼͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͪ͵͹ͳͲ;ͲͷͰͷ͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͺ͹͸͹ͼͳͽͳͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͳͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪͷͳͻͪ ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͬͪͬͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΔͰ͸͹ͷͽͶ;;
ͺͻ͹΃Ͷͳͷ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ ̈́;͵ͼͰͷͫ;ͻ΃͵ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻ ͠;͸͵Ͱͻ ͬͰͶͳ ͯͪ ͹͸ͪΒ ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳ ̾͌ ͸Ͱ͵ͪ
ͼͪͷ͹͹ͫͳΌͰͬ͹Β͸ͳ΂͵ͪͭͻ͹ͫΓͪ )FGF ͼͽͻ
̸΃ͽͪΒͰͼ͸Ͱ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͳͷͭͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͳͷͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ
͋ͻͰΕͰͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͺͪͳͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͼ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͫͰͼ͸ͰͶͳͳͶͳΒ͹΃ͫͰͼ͸ͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͳ; ΂ͳΒ;ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽΒͰ;ͽͳͼ͸;ͽ;ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͷͳ͵ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ
͌ͲͼͬͰ͹ͬ͹ ͳͷͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͺͻͰͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͪ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ
̾͌ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ͋ͳͷͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪ
;Ͳͻ͹΂͸͹-ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΂͸ͪ ͬͰͲͪ ͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͶ͹ͷͪ ̾͌ ͳ ͬͻͪΕͪΔͪ ΀ͪ͹ͼͪ ; ͺ͹ͼͽΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ
ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹ͼͰ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͪͷͳͼͳΒͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͯ
ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷΔͰ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪ̾͌ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͺͪͻ
ͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ; ͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͳ ΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͼͽͪ ͯͪ ΕͰ ͼͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ ;ͻ;΃ͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͵;Ͷͪ ͹ͯ
͵ͪͻͪͽͪ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ΔͰ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸;͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͸͹ͭͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ͸ͪͯ͹͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪ
ͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒ͹΃͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͽ͹ͫ͹ͱΔͰͭͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹Βͪ͵ͳ΀ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͼͶͪͫͳ΀;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ ͬͳͲͳΒͪͼͰͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪ
ͲͳͶͪ ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ; ͯͳΒͪͷͰͽͻͪͶ͸; ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ΂ͳͷͰ ΒͰ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ̾͌ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͬͳͯΓͳͬͳΒͪ ͪ ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺ͹ͽ͵͹ͺͪ͸ͪ;ΔͰ͸ͳͷͽͰͷͰΓͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷͳͲͬ͹ͻ;͊ͬͰΒͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶ͹ͯͪͼ;ͷͪͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ
͵ͪ͸; ͬͳͯͰͬ΃ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ Ͷͪͭͪ͸͹ ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ; ͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳ ͳͲ͸͹΃ͰΔͪ ͼͽͪͬͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͪͷͰͲͫ͹ͭͼͰͫͰͱͰͶͰ ͽͰͯͪΒͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͪͬͪΔͰ
͹ͯͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ̾͌ͳͺ͹ͯͳͶͪͱͰΔͰΔͰ͸ͳͷͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͽͳͬ̽ͪΒͰ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͼͽͪ
͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹͹ͫͶͳ͵ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͷͪΔͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͽͻͰͷͰ̾͌ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳͳ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͯͪΒͰͼ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͵ͻͳͲͰͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰͼ;͹΂ͳͶͪ̾͌;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹
ͳ΃ͪ͹ͳͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͶͳͯͰͻͼͽͬͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͲͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Β;ͫͳ͵ͻͪͼͳͶͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳ΀ͪͻͳͲͷͪ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹
ͻͳͭͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͺͻͰͷͪͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ;Ͳ͸ͰͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͼͳͽ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͱͳ
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;ͯͪΒͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͵Ͷ͹ΔͰ͸ͪͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼ͵͹ΒͼͪͻͪͯΔͳ
ͽͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ΔͰͲͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͪ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ – ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ
ͭ͹Ͷ͹ͭͺ͹͵͹ͻͪͬͪΔͪ
220
͊ͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹̸͇ͯͪ͆͋ͼͪͬͰͲͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;͸͹ͬͰ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸͈ͭͪͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽ; ͹͸ͪ͸ͰͳͲͻͪ
ͱͪͬͪͯ;΀ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪ ͬͰΕ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͶͪ͵ͼͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱͽͪ͵͹
Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͲͪͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͺͻͰͷ͸Ͱͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳͲ;ͲͰ̸ͬ͊̽ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͬ͹ͯͰΕͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͪͬͰͲͪ ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪ͸
͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͼ͵͹ΒͰͭͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͺͻͰͽΔͪ͹ͯͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͺͪͼͰ͸BͷFΕͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͲͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͪ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ
ͭ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͳ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ;ͼͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷ ̸͇͆͋
͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͼͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ̸͇͆͋ͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰ
͹ͯͺͻͰͽͻͳͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͆Ͱ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ΃ͽͳͽͳͶͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͬ͹Β͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ
ͽ͹ͫ͹ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͳ ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͬͪ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ Ͳͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ ; ͲͰͷΓͰ ͵͹ΒͰ
ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ; ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸͹ͬͰΕͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Βͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͼͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͪ ͯͳͼ͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͻͰͭ;
Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͽͻͰ͸ͯͪ͹΂ͳͽͪͬͪͼͰ;ͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸͹ΒͬͳͲͳΒͳͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Β͹Βͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ; ͳ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱ ͼͶ;ͱͰΕͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͹ͺͳͼ; ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͷ
͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹Β͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳ͊ͽ͹ͭͪͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪͬ͹Β͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸ͭͳ΀Ͱͯ͹͸ͳͲͪͷͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͳ;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸;ͳͷͰΌ;
ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸;΁ͰͶͳ͸;̺ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ̸͇͆͋ͷͳͼͳΒͰͼͰͷͰΌ;ΔͰ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͼͽͳͷͪ
͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ ; ͼ;ͷΔ; ͹ͼͳͷ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸ͳΒͰͭͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
͠Ͱͯ͸͹͹ͯ͵ͻ;΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪΒͰͼͽͰͳͯͳͶͰͷͪ;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳ͵͹ΒͳͷͽͰͷͺ͹ͷͼͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͼͽͪ
͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷ͈ͪ͹͸Ͱͭ
ͯͰͼͷ͹͹ͯͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ ͺͪͼͰͭͶ͹ͫ͹ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͺͳͽͪΒ;͸ͳΒͰͶͳͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͯͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸
ͽͳͻΔͪ;͸ͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪͳͺͪ͵͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸͇ͼ͹
ͫͳͽ͹ΒͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͸͹͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹;͹ͫͶͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ͵͹ΒͳΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͳͼ;͹ͬͶͪͯͪͶͳ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ͸͹Β
ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
͌ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪ;͵ͪͷͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͭͰ͸Ͱͽͳ΁ͳ ͸ͳͼ;Βͪͼ͸ͰͰͽͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ
΁ͳͷͪ ͽͰͫͳͼͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͳͼͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͪͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪͶ͹
͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ̾ͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͪͲͪͻͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͷͰͯͳ
΁ͳ͸; ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵Ͱ ͹ͺͶ͹ͯΔͰ ; ͬͰͽͰͻͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͪ
ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͻͰͷͫͻͳ͹͸͸ͪͯͬͪͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵ͻͰͳͻͪͽͳͫͶͳͲͪ͸΁Ͱ͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͲͪ΀ͬͪͽ
ͫͳ͹ͫͳ ;̸͊̽Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͳ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔ;͸ͪΓ;ͯͰ ͯ͹͵ͫͳͭͰ͸Ͱͽͳ΂ͪͻͲͪͽͪ͵͹
͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹;̺ͰͶͳ͵͹Β̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͳͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁;ͲͪͻͪͯͳͲͪͬͻ΃ͳ͹;Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻ; ́ͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ 3).
̸͵͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͬͰΕ͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽ;ΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ– ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͻͰͪͶ͸ͪ͸ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͪ͵ͪͺͳͽ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Β;͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;
΀͹ͷͰ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
͇ͼ͹ͫͳͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͺ͹ͽ͹Δͳ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͰͷ΂ΓͳͬͺͻͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͷͳͺ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͷͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽ;ͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱ
Β;ͻͳͼͺͻ;ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪͯͻͰͯͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͳ ͯͪ ͭͪ ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͳ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͼ ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯΓͳͬͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͺ͹ ͼͬͪ͵; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸; ͯͻͱͪͬ; ͺͻͰͷͯͪ ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ
221
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͯ͸ͪͶͰͽ͹ͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ͺͻ;ͱͪ
Βͪͼ͸͹ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΓͰΔͪͳ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͰ
́ͺͪ͵ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳ ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͵ͪͯͪ
Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹̾͌ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͹͵͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͼͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳͷͻͪͼͽ͹ͷ–
΀ͳΓͪͯͪͅ͹ͭ;ͶͳͼͰͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͺͻͰͯ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ
͸ͳͷ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵͹ͷΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͳͽͰͱͳͯͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͳ
ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰͽͪ͸ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ ͳ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ̀ͪ
ͷͪͶ;ͲͰͷΓ;͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹͸ͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͪΔͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͪ͵͹ͼͰͫͻͳ΃ͰΔͰͲͳ͸ͪ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ
͈͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͼͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͲͪͯͳͬΓͰΔͰΒͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͷͪͶ͹Βͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β
ͪͶͳͷͪ΀͹ͷ͸Ͱ;ͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳ ͺ͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΂͵ͳ̾ͯ;͵͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ͹ͯͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪͯ͹ͷͪͻͽͪ
ͺͻͰͬͰ͹ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͽͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ; ͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ;
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ͇ͪͬͰͳͯͻ;ͭͰͺͻ͹ͺͻͪͽ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ̾͌͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͽͳ;ͺ;͸͹ͷ
͹ͫͳͷ; ͬͰΕͯͰ͹ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪͼ͸͹ͼͳͲͰͷΓͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁͇ͪͬͰ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͪΕͰ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵͹ͷͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͷ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͳ́ͺͪ͵ ͺͻͳͯͪͬͪΔͰͬͰΕͰͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
͸Ͱͭ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͽͰ͹ͱͳͬΓͰ͸ͳͯ;΀͹ͼͶ͹͸΁ͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ ͳͲͬͪ͸ͼͽͰͭͪͰͬͻ͹ͺ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͹ͫͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͼͪͼͬͳͷͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͼͭ͹ͶͰ
ͷͳͷͻͳͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ͆͹ ͳͺ͹͹ͬ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;ͳͷͪͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹͸Ͱͼ;ͭͶͪͼͳ΁ͪ
͋͹͵͹ͷͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶͪͼ;ͼͰͯͬͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͪͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪ;ͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹
ͼ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͋͹ͼ;ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳΒͰͶ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵̺ͪͳ͵ͽ͹ͻ͇ͪͻͫͪ͸ͪ ͵͹Β;ͼ;
͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͲͫ͹ͭͲͪͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͺͻͰͯͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͳͷͽͪͶͪͼ͹ͷͯ͹΁͸ͳΒͰͺ͹΂ͰͶͰ
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͽΒͰͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿ΀͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽͪͪͅͻ͵ͪ
͉;ͽͰͪ͸ͪͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳͷͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͷͪ ΂ͳΒͳͷͺ͹ͻͪͲ͹ͷͫͳͼͰͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ
͵ͻͰͯͳͫͳͶͳͽͰͽͪ ̾͌ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ;ͻ;΃ͳ͹ ͇ͬͳ ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͼ; tͼͺ;ͼͽͳͶͳ ͸ͪ ͲͰͷΓ;i ͸ͪͯͷͰ͸; Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;
ͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ; ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Β ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͳͲͬ;͵; ͺ͹;͵Ͱ – ;ͯͪ΀͸;Ͷͳ ͸͹ͬ; ΃ͪ͸ͼ; ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͹ͬͳ΀
ͺ͹ͫͰͯͪ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͯ͹΁͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ ΒͰ ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ ͷͪΔͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͫͰͯ͹ͷ ̾ͷͪ͸;ͰͶͪ ͪͅ͵ͻ͹͸ͪ ͸ͪ
Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͰͼͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͷͪ
̸̸̸͉̻͇̹̽́̈́̈́́̀͏̸́͠
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ ͼ; ͼ͸ͪͱ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͪ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ͻͪͯͪ ͳ ͺͻͳͬͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ
΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ ̹͹ͱ͹ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹Ϳͳͻͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ;
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯͪ ͇͸ͪ ͼͰ ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰ ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ
ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͰͷ͹Εͳ; ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪΔͳͬͪΔͰͳͲ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰͺͰ΂ͪͽͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͻͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͲͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸;ͯͳͼͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͼ͵;ͺͳ͸ͪ͌ͻͶͳ΀̹Ͱ͵ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͬͰͲͪ͹ͲͪͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽ;Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵;ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͷͰΌ;
͵͹Βͳͷͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͪ ͳ ͿͳͲͳ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ ͼͬͰ ͬͰΕ;
222
͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͉ͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͲͪͷͰΔ;ΒͰͳͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸;ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒ;ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪ;͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
ͦͰͻͰͷͳ͉ͳͿ͵ͳ͸ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ ;͵ͳͯͪΔͰ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪ͸͹ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ
͹ͽ͵ͻͳΕͳͷͪͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͼ;Γ;ͯͳͼͬ;ͭͯͰͲͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽͳ
Ͳͪͼͬ͹Β;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͉ͳͿ͵ͳ͸ ͼͽͻ
͉ͳͿ͵ͳ͸ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͯͪΕͰͼͺ͹Β͵͹ͷͺΒ;ͽͰͻͼ͵Ͱͳͫͳ͹ͽͰ΀
͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰͲͪͺͰͽͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ;ͭͪͼͳͽͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺ͹Γ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ;;ͼͶͰͯͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͷ͹ͶͰ͵;Ͷͳͷͪ;Ͷͪͫ͹ͻͪͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪͳͳͲͪͲͬͪͽͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;͵ͻͳͲ;;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͋ͻͰΕͰͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͻͳ
ΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;ͲͭͪΒͪΔͰͳͺͶͪͼͷͪ͸͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ΒͰͯ͸ͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ ΒͰ Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ ;ͭͻ͹ͲͳͶͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͪͲͫͳͶͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸;
͵͹ͷͺͪ͵ͽ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͶͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͪͶͳͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪͼͬͰͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͳΒͪ ͽͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͼͬͰͺͻ͹
ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͪ ̺Ͱ͸ͯͰͶ ̹Ͱͻͳ ͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹Β ͺͻͰ΀ͻͪͷͫͰ͸͹Β ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ ͭͯͰ ΒͰ ͽ͹
ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ̹Ͱͻͳ ͼͽͻ
͌͵ΔͳͲͳ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Β;ͼ;ͺͻͳͻͰͯͳͶͳͦͰͻͳͪͅ͸ͯͰͻͳ̾ͯͬͪͻͯ
̻͹Ͷͯͼͷͳͽ ͺͻ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͳ ͼͰ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͯͪ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ ͼ ͹ͬͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ ͳͯͰ ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ
͹ͫͻͪͼ΁; ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳͰͬͻ͹ͺ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ͵͹Βͳ͹ͯͬͪΒͪͯͰ΁;͹ͯΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ
͇ͬͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪ;ͯͪΓͰ͸Ͱ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹
ͺ͹ͻͳ΁ͪΔͰΓ;ͯͳ;ͷͪͶͳͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;ΕͳͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵;͹ͼ͵;ͯͳ΁;ͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ;;Δͳͷͪ
͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻͪͲͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹Βͼ͸ͪͲͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔ;;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹
ͼͳͷͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ 0ͶͳͬͰͻ͑ͬͰͫͰͶ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͬͳͲͳ͹͸ͪͻͳͲ͍ͻͪ͸͵Ϳ;ͻͽͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹Ϳͳͻͪ
ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸;ͺͻͪ͵ͼ;͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͭͯͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͺ;ͽͰͷͺ͹ͻͰͲͪͺ͹ͷͪͱ;ͷͪͶͳͷͳͼͻͰ
ͯΔͳͷͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͳͷ͉ͪͪΒ΀ͪͻ͍ͯͻ͹͸΁Ͷͳ΀ͳͲͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ͹ͻͰ;͍ͻͪ͸͵Ϳ;ͻͽ;ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͻͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͰͲͪͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͿͳͻͷͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͈ͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͼ;
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ͳ ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͪ͵ͪ ͪ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͪ ͼͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ ͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ ΒͰ͸ͪ
ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳ ;Ϳͪͫͻͳ΁ͳͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͷͰͼͰ΂͸;ͺͶͪͽ;͸ͪͯͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͻͳ ͯ͹͵ͳͼͺͳ
ͽ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳͼͪͷͳͼͺͳͽͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰΓ;ͯͳͳͲͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ͹ͻͰ ̸ͬͪ͵;ͷ͹ͬͳΕ 2017).
͊ͺ͹ΒͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͿͶ͹ͼ͵;ͶͪͬͰΕΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪ
͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β; ͯͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͪ ͹ͯ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ̓͹͸ͽ; ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
̽ͳͻ͵Ͱͷ; ;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͳͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶͪ͸
̸̸̸̺͇̺̺͇̻͇̹͊̓̽͆̾͆́̿́͋́̈́̈́́̀͏̸́͠
͊ͽͪͻͰΔͰͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͪΕͰ͸͹ͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰ Ͳͪͽͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͿͻ;ͼͽͻͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͲͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ
– ͹ͼͶͪͫͳͶͳͼ;ͳͷ;͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ;ͫͻ
Ͳͪ͸͹΃ͳͻͰΕͳͺ͹ͻ;͵ͰͶ͹΃ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ͌͸;ͽͪͻͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ Ϳͳ͵ͼ͸ͪͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͳΒͪ
͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ΒͰͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͲͶ͹ͼͶ;ͽ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ͸ͰͱͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͶ͹΃ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ
͸͹ͬͳ ΒͰ ͷͰͭͪͽͻͰ͸ͯ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͪ ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͰ΂͸ͳ ͳ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ ͺͻͳͷͪ͹΁ͳ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͼ;;ͯͪͻͳͷͪ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ͭͳ͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ͭͼͽͻͰͼͪ
223
̹ͻͳͭͪͲͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ΕͰͫͳͽͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ
͸ͪ;΂ͽͳͬͳͷͳͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵ͬͪͶͳ
ͽͰͽͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͬͰΕͼ;ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͳͺ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͷͪͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͱ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;
͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹ͿͳͻͪΒ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ΁ͻͽͰͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽ͇ͪͬ͹͹ͫͻͪΕͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸
΁; ͷͪΔͰ ΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪ͵ ͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͫͻͳͭͰ Ͳͪ ΔͰͭͪ ͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳͷͪ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ΕͰ͸͹ͼͳͽͳ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪͳ͸ͽͳͷ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͭ͹ΓͰ͸Ͱͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰΕͰͼͰͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰͳͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͯͺ͹ΒͰ
ͯͳ͸΁Ͱͷͯͻͪͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹;ͬͰΕͪͬͪͽͳ͈ͻͳͬͳͯ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͳΕͰͺ͹ͯ;ͺͳͻͪ͸ͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸΃͵ͳͷͼͽͻͪͽͰ
ͭͳΒͪͷͪͳͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͷͳͷͳΘͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪ
͉ͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͳ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͪͻͰΔͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͬͰΕ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪ
ͬͪΒ; ͺͪͼͳͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ;ͲͳͶ;ͲͳΒ;ͯͪΕͰͼͰ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Δ͹ͷͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͲͪͫͪͬͰ
ͳͼͺ;Δͪͬͪͽͳͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͳͱͰΓͰ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͱͳͬ͹ͽ͇ͪͺͼͰͼͳͬ͸͹΃Ε;͵ͪͿ;ͯͫͪͶͼ͵͹Βͳͭͻͳ͵͹ͻͰ
ͼͺ͹͸ͯͳͻͪͶͳͼ;ͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳͲͻͪͲͳͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪ͸͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͷΒͰͯ͸Ͱͽͪ͵ͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ
͌͸ͳΒͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳ;ͯͫͪͶͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̸͍͌̾
ͳ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͿ;ͯͫͪͶͼ͵ͪͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̸͍͍́

ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͼ;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͻ͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͷͪͷͳͲͪͳͭͻ͹ͷͺͻͳͯ͹ͯͪͶͳͳͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͽͪͷͺ͹͸-Ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͪͺͪ΁ͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͰͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹͵͹͸Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ
ͳͲͪͬͪΌͰ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͶͰͭͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͰΓ;ͯͳͷͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ΒͰ ;ͷͳͼͳΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͻͰͶͪ͵ͼͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͺ͹ͯͻͱͳͫͰ͸ͳͭ͸;ͼͽͻͪͼͽ;ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹Β͸ͪ͵ͪ͸ͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹
Ϳͳͽͳͷͪ͆;Ͷͽͪͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ̸͍ͪ͌̾;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͻͪͼͳͲͪͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͯͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ– ͼͬͰͯ͹
΂ͳ͹ ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͰ͸͹Β ͻ;΁ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳͺͻͳͬͻͱͰ͸͹ͼͽ
͸͹ͬͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ̓ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͪ ͹͸ͪΒͰ ; ͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͷͯͪΔͰ͸ͪͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ͬͳͯͰͶͳ ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵ͻͳͲ;ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹
ͷͳͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͷ͹͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͲͪͲͬͪͶͪΒͰͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͳ΃΂ͰͲͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ;ͺ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳͲͷͰ
ΔͰ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͪͷͪ ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸;ͳͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸;ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳΒ;ͼͺ͹ͻͽͪͲͪ͹ͯͰ͸;ͽ;ͺͶͪ΃ͽ͹ͷ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳ͸ͯ;͵͹ͬͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͼ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͸ͪͰͺͳͼͽͰͷ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͭ;ͻͫͪ
͸͹ͭ ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͪ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸; ͼͻͰͯͳ͸; ͸ͪ Ͳͪͷͪ΀ ͽͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ̺ͰͲͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ
ͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ΃ͳͻͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͽͻͪͱͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵;Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͳΒ;ͳ΂ͰͼͽͪͺͻͰ
ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪ ͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͳ ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͬͰ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸ͳΒͳ ͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬ͸ͳΒͳ
ͪ͸ͭͪͱͷͪ͸ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͰͷͯͪΒͰͼͬͰͷͪΔͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒͰ ;Ͳͼ;ͬͳ΃ͪ͵ͼ;ͷΔͳͬͳ΀ͳ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪ
͌ ͺͻͰͯͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͷ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳͶͳ Β͹΃ ; ͵ͻͪΕͰͷ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͽͻͰͫͪ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳ
΃ͳͻͰΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͿͪͻͷͪ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰΕͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪͽͳͻͳͽͷ͹ͬͰͳ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͌͸ͪͺͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰ
ͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺͼͳ΀ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͷ͹ͽ͹ͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΕͰ ; ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; ͹ͺͼͰͼͳΒͪ ͪ ͯ͹΁͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͪͼͬͳͷ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͪΕͰ͹ͯͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪͽͳͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;͸͹ͬ͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪ͌ͫͶͳͼ͵͹Β
ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷ͹ͱͰͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͽͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͷͰΌ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͯͪͫͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͳ΃΂ͰͲͪͬͪͶͰͅ͹ͱͰͼͰ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳͯͪΕͰͿͪͻͷͪ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͽͳͺͼͳ΀͹ͷ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺ͹͸;ͯͳͬ΃ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ;ͬͰ͵ ͫ;ͯ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͭ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ
224
ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͼͪ͸ͳΒͰͭ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͫ͹ΓͰͺͪͷͽͰͳͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΒ; ͽͰͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͰͭͳ
;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳΒͰͭΓ;ͫͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͌͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͪͷͰͯͳ͵ͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͸͹ͼͳΕͰͺ͹ͻ;͵;ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͬͳ΃ͰͳͼͺͶͪͽͳͬ͹ͫͳͽͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΃ͪ͸
͌ͫͻͲͪ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪ ͼͽͻͰͼͪ ; ΀ͳͺͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͽͻͪͭͪΕͰ Ͳͪ ͸͹ͬͳͷ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͵PͷͺͰ͸Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͳͲͻͪͲ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͹ͯ;΃͵ͪ ; ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͊ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;
ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁Ͱ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͪͺͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͸΁ͳΒͳ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒͳͷͲͪͼͰ͵ͼͳͼͺ͹ͭͶͪ
ͬͳͽ͹ͺͰͻͬͰͻͲ͸ͳΒͳͷͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ̽͹ͱͳͬΓͪΒͺͪͻͪ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͭͪͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ͵ͪͬͪͻͪͳͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͰΓ;
ͫͪ ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΕͰ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ Ͱͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͫ͹Ͷͳ ; ͺͻͪͬ΁; ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͰ
ͺͼͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͰͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽ͇ͪͬͪΒ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͼͰͽͰͷͰΓͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͼͬͰͼͽͳ
͵͹Βͪ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͼͬͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͰ ͳ ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ ͺ;͸͹ͶͰͽ͸ͳ΀
̾͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ͸Ͱͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳͷͫͰͼ͹ͷͳͯͻ;
ͭͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ ͼͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ; ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͺ ͬͰͲͪ͸ Ͳͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ; ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ
ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͳ͸ͯ;͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͷͰͽΔͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ΂ͳ͸ͳ
͹΁ͳͷͪ ͼͬͰͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯͰ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;͵͹ͻͰ͵΁ͳΒ;ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͬ͹ͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰͼ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹Εͳ
͆ͪͺͻͬͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͺͻ;ͱͪͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸;ͺ͹͸;ͯ;ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ– ͺͻͰͷͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂
͹ͫͳͲͪͻ͸ͳͷͼͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ;͸ͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͺͻ͹Ͳͪͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽͪ͸ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͱͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱͺͪͼͳͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;ͿͳͲͳ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͰͷͪ͸΁ͳͺͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͭ Ͳͪ ͱͰ͸; ͊ͬͰ΃Ε; ͹ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔ; Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳͼͺͻͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͰ ͼͳ͸ͽͪͭͷͳ΂͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͱͰ͸ͼ͵;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;Ͱͷͪ͸΁ͳͺͪ΁ͳΒ;;ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ
͆ͪ͵͹͸ͺ͹Βͷͪͺ͹Ͷ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ͹ͳͲͻͪͲͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ
͸ͪ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͳ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͳ ;Ͳ ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͱͰ͸ͪ ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͱͰ – ͼͬͰ ΒͰ
͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͳΒͳͳͲͻͪͲͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ̿Ͱ͸Ͱͼ;ͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔ;
ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͲͪͯͳͬΓ;Β;ΕͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱ– ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͬͰΕͼ;ͬͰ
ͻͰ͸Ͱ͋ͪͷ͹ͭͯͰͼ;͹͸Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼͰ͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͽͻͪ;ͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͬͰΕ͹͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪ
ͬͰͯͻͳΒͰͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͷͪ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͳͼͬͪ͵͹Βͪ͵ͳ΀ͪͿͳͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͼͻͰͯͼͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͪ ͇͸Ͱ ͼ; ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪ ͼͰͫͳ ͸Ͱ ͸͹ͼͳ ͺͻͰͯͲ͸ͪ͵ ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͭ ͷͰΔͪΔͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͆ͪ
ͷ;΃͵;ͺͻͳ΂; ͹͊ͻͫͳͷͪͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͳͷͪ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͸ͰͷͰ ͳͪ͵͹ ;ͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͯͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁͈ͪͳͽͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͫͳͶ͹ ͵͹ΒͰͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹
ͯͪ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͳͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͪͽͰͷ͇ͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰͳͳͲͬͪ͸ͼ;ͯͪͽ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͯͪ
ͫͳͫͳͶ͹΃ͽͪ΃ͽ͹ͪͼ͹΁ͳͻͪ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͬͳ΁;ͷ͹ͭͶͰͺͻͳͺͳͼͪͽͳͼͰͫͳ
́ͺͪ͵ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ;ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͳͻͪ
Δ; ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͪͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͭ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͸ͪ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ͱͰ͸ͪ ͆ͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹Β ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͶͪͲ͹͸Ͱ͸ͳͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͼͶͪͫ͹ͺͶͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸Ͱ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͐ͳ΂͵ͪͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ;ͷͻͰͱͪͬͪΔͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ Βͪ΂ͪΔͰ;ͼͶ;ͱ͸͹ͭ
ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ ͼ; ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ Ͳͪ ͱͰ͸Ͱ ͼͽͳͷ;Ͷͳ΃;Εͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ́ͺͪ͵ ;ͶͪͲ ; ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͰ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͳͼͽ͹΃ͽ͹ ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͱͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ

ͯͪͻͬͳ͸ͳͲͪͷͳͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ͪͶ͸ͪͪͻ͹ͭͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪΒͻͪͲ͹ͻ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ;ͱͰ͸Ͱͳ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪΒͼͶͪͫͳΒͰ̻Ͷ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͪͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͱͰ͸Ͱͳͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁Ͱ
ͼͽͪͬͳͬ΃ͳͽͪ͵ͪͬͱͳͬ͹ͽͺ͹ͯͶ;ͺ;͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸Ͱ͵;΃ΔͰ
͆ͪͯ;;ͷͳͻ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͼͽͬ͹ͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹͹ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰΔͰ͸ͪͽͶ;ͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ;ͶͳͬͪΒ;ͳ
ͷͶͪͯͳ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ͸ͰͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ ͱͳͬͰ ͺ͹ͯ ͽͰͻͰͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿͰͻ͹ͷ
ͷͻͱΔͰ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͳͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹
ͬͪͰ͵ͼΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͬͰΕͼ;ͲͪͱͳͬͰͶͰͅͳͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ͸ͳͼͷ͹͸ͳͼͬͰͼ͸ͳͯͪͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ
Ͳͪ΂ͪ;ͻͰ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪͳͳͼ͵͹ͺͪ͸͹ͭͻ͹ͬͪͳͲ͵͹ͭͪ͸ͳ΃ͪ͸ͳͷ͹ ͬͰΕͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͺͪͻͪͶͰͶͪ͸ͼͬͰͽ͵͹Βͳͼ;;͹ͫ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͶͳ͸ͪ΃ͳ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ̸͵͹͸ͳΒͰͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ ͳͲ;ͭͶͪ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ͯͪΒͰͫͪͻͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͻͰͶͪ͵ͼͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ͊ͬͰͼ͸ͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͭͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͹ ͷͶͪͯͳ;ΔͰͷ;ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸Ͱ΃ͪ͸ͼͰͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ́ͪ͵͹ͼͷ͹Ͳͫ;ΔͰ͸ͳͺͻͰͯΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺ;Δͪͬͪ͸͹ͻͷͰ
͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͭ͸Ͱͬͪ ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪͼͶͪͭͪ ͺ;ͼͽͳͷ͹ ͳ΀ ͯͪ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ; ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͼͬ͹Β ͳ ͷ͹ͱͯͪ
ͫ͹Γͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͯ͹͸͹ͭ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳ͹͸ͪ΃ͅͶͪͯͳͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳͱͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹̈́͹ͭͳ͵ͪ
ͼͰ͸ͲͳͫͳͶͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͺͪΒͪͪ͸ͰͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ΒͰͫͶͳͱͪΔͳ΀Pͬ͹ͷͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽ;͠͹΃ͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͳ
ͷͶͪΌͪ͸ͳ ͸ͪͬͳΒͪ΂ͳ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͲ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͲͪͭͻΓͪΒͪͳͼͶ͹ͭͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ΀;͸ͪ΃ͳͷͭͶͪͬͪͷͪ – ͸ͪͯͪΕͰ
ͫͳͽͳͼͪͼͬͳͷͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳΒͪ͆͹ͽͪΒͺ;ͽ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳ͸ͳͫͻͲ͸ͳͶͪ͵
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵͹ͬͪ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͹ͷ ͷ͹Εͳ ͸ͪΒΒͪ΂ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͺ͹Γ͸;ͺͻͳ͸;ͯ;͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳ΀ͼͽͳͶ͹ͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͻͪͼͽͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹͹ͺͳΒ;ͷ
Ͳͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ́ͯ͹͵ΒͰͲͪͪͅͻ͵ͼͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪͶͪ͹ͬͪΒͼͷͳͼͪ͹ ͽ͹ͽͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͺͳΒ;ͷͯͪ͸ͪ΃
Δͳ΁ͰΒͰͼ;;ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹Ͳͪͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ;ͼͶͰͺ͹Β͸ͪ͵ͪ͸ͳͯͪͼͰͼͶͰͯͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͸ͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͪΔͰ
ͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ Ͷͪͱ͸͹ͷͳͲͻͪͲ;ͳͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵ͪ͌ͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͪ͹ͼ͸ͪ
΃ͽͰͽ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͭͻ;ͺͪͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹΁ͳͻͪ͹ΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͫͰͼͳ͹ͭ͹ͻ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹Βͳ
ͺͻͰͽͰ ͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͳͷ ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͷ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ; ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸͹ͭͰ͸ͳͷ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͻͳ΁ͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͵͹
Ͳͫ͹ͭͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͫ͹ͭͺͼͳ΀ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ;ͼͻͰͯͼͻͰ
ΌͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͻͪͽͳͶͪ΂͵;͵͹ͫͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͉ͪͪͽ͹ͬͳͲͫ͹ͭͯͻͪ
ͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͽͪͶͪ ͵͹Ͷͽͪ͸ͪ
ͳ͸ͯ;͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͰ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ͹ͭͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͆ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Βͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸͹Β͵;ΕͳͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ
ͳ΂;Β͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͯͭͻͰΒͪͬͪΒ;ͽͳΔͪΒ;ΕͰͼ;͵͹ͫͰ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ͹ͺͼͰ͸ͳ͹Ͷͪͭ͹ͯ͸ͳΒͰͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪ
ͼͰ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲ;Β;
̻ͶͪͯͲͪ͵͹Ͷͽͪ͸͹ͷ ͵͹Β;ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ͽͰͶͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͻͪͼͰͶͳͶͪΒͰͲͰͷΓ͹ͻͪͯ
͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͭ͹ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͻ;ͪ͸ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͪ͸ͭ͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͰͶͪ ͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳͬ΃ͳͳ΀;ͻͪͯ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ;ͺͻͰͯͪ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͺͪ΂ͪ
;ͺ͹ͽͻͪͲͳͲͪͼͷͰͼ͹ͷ͊ͽͻͪͯͪΔͪͱͰ͸ͪͳͯͰ΁ͰͲͪͽͻͺͪ͸ͳ΀ͷ;ΓͰͷ ͽͰͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͭ͹ͻͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻͰͯ
ͳͼͽͻͰͫΓͰΔͰͷ ͱͪͶ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͺ͹ͷ͹ͯͪͻͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͻͳ͵ͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ
͸Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͰ͵͹ͷͺͪͽͳͫͳͶ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͼͳΓͰͷͳͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸͹ͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͹ͷ;ͷͻͰͱͰ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ

226

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͽ͵͹ͺͪͶͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ
ͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͻͪͼͽͪͼͳͯͰͪͶ͹ͷͽͲͬͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͯ͹ͬͰͶͪͯ͹ͪͺͼ;ͻͯͪ͌͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Β
ͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ΒͼͬͰͼͽͳͬͰͻ;ΒͰͼͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͬ͹ͺ͹ͽ΀ͻͪΔ;ΒͰͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͻͼ͵͹ΒͼͬͰͼͽͳͯͻ;
ͭ͹ͭͻ͹ͫͪͻͺͻͬ͹ͭ́ͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͼͽͪͳ ͻͪͽͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͿͪͽͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͼͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ
͸ͳ͵͹ͭͪ͸ͰͲͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲͰ̈́͹ͭͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭ ͼͬͰͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͺ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͭ ͼ;ͯͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ
ͳͲͻͪͲ ͸ͪͶͪͱ;Εͳ͹ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͼͬͳͷͪͯͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͯ;ͭ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͰͳͼͽ͹ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͶ͹΃Ͱ
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ; ΔͰ͸ͳͷ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸;΁ͰͶͳ͸;͇͸ͳͼ;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͻͰ͵͹͸͹ͬͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪͺͻ;ͱͪ͹ͺͼͰ͸;͹
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸;ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸;͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;ͳͺ͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰ
ͼͪͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱͷ͹Ε͸ͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͳͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ
Βͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͺͻͳͷͪͷΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͹ͺͼͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸͹ͷ Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵͹ͷ ; ͼͰͫͳ
ͼͪͯͻͱͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;΁ͰΔͳͬͪΔͪͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳ
ΒͰ͸ͳΒͳ
͋ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͳͿͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͪΔͰͷͰ͵ͼͳ΂͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͯͪ΂ͪ͵ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ
ͳͲͬ͹Ͳͳ;̸͊̽͸ͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͪͯͪͼ;ͲͪΔͳ΀ͳͼͪͷͳͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͷͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ̀ͪͺͪΓͳͬͰͳͲΒͪͬͰ͋ͻͪͷͺͪ;ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹Β
͵ͪͷͺͪΔͳͯͪΕͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͳͽͳͺͻͳͶͳͬͷͰ͵ͼͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͳͺ͹ͯͳΕͳͲͳͯͯ;ͱͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰ
ͽͪͻͪ ͹ͫͰͲͬͻͰͯͳ͹ΒͰͺͰͲ͹ͼ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͻͲͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺ;ͽͪͳ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͰ͵ͼͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͈ͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͼͰ ;ͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ΒͼͿͰͻͳͼͶͪͫͳΒͰ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ͹͸ͳ΀͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹ͿͳͻͪΒ;
͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹ͳͻͰͼͽͻͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͰͻͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ;ͼͰͯ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ
̾ͬͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯ΃ͽͳͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͰͼ;ͯͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͪͬͰͲͬͳ΃Ͱ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͰ͸ͳ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͳ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹ͭ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ́ͼ͵;΃ͰΔͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͼ; ͸Ͱͭͯͪ΃Δ; ͫ͹ΒͪͲͪ͸ ͹ͯ
ͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ ͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ ̸͇͆͋ ͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͪ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸Ͱ ;Ͷͳͬͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ ; ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹Β ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ;΁ͳΓͰͬͪ ͼͺͻͪͷͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ
ͼͬͰͽͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪ
227
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌

̹Ͱ͵ ͌
͉ͳͲͳ΂͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
̹Ͱͻͳ ̺
͇΂;ͬͪΔͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ;ͦͪͅ͸ͯͰͻ-̻͹Ͷͯͼͷͳͽ ͺͻͳͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–418).
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Ͷͳ͹
͐ͳ΂͵ͪͻͳΕ ͡
̿Ͱ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͲͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀
͸ͪ;͵ͪ
̽͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵ ̿ͅ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͲͪͲ͹̹ͬͰ͹ͭͻ̹ͪͯͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ99ͬͰ͵
̻Ͷͳ͸ͽͳΕ ͋
͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͰͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͵ͻ͹ͲΔͰ͸;ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͺͻͰͷͪͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
–470.
̻;ͯ͹ͬͳΕ ̀
͌ͬ͹ͯ; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;͋ͻͰΕͰ ͯ͹ͺ;ΔͰ͸͹ ͳͲͯͪΔͰ ͊ͻͰͷͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̺ͳͼ͹͵ͪ
΃͵͹Ͷͪͼͽͻ;͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͲͪͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂Ͱͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂ͪͻͰt͊ͳͻͷͳΒ;ͷi
͎ͰͿͰ ͇
̽ͪͶͳΒͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͲͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͆͹ͬͳ̸͊ͪͯ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͪ͵Δͳͭͪ
́ͶͳΕ ̽
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ ;̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͼͽͻ–
̹Ͱ͹
ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ̹
͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͯͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Βͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi–
͈ͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͪ
͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͬͪͶͳ΁ͪͼͬͰͽ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ̻ͪͯ;ͽͰͷͫͰͻͭ͹ͬͪͭͪͶͪ͵ͼͳΒͪ
͈͹͵ͻͪΒͪ΁ ͊
͋Ͱ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ
͈͹͵ͻͪΒͪ΁ ͊
͋Ͱ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͯ͹ͺ;ΔͰ͸͹ ͳͲͯͪΔͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͊̽
͈;ͫͶͳ͵
3JGLJO +
5IF&OEPG8PSL/FX:PSL1VUOBN#PPY
͉ͳͿ͵ͳ͸ ͦ
͆͹ͬͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͳ ͵ͻͪΒ ͻͪͯ͸ͳͷ ͷͰͼͽͳͷͪ ; ͦ ͪͅ͸ͯͰͻ-̻͹Ͷͯͼͷͳͽ ͺͻͳͻ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Ͷͳ͹
͊͹Ͷ ͉ͦ
͈ͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̸ͪͯͻ΀ͳͺͰͶͪͭ͆͹ͬͳ͊ͪͯ
̸ͻͽͺͻͳ͸ͽͅͰͯͳͪ
̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ̺ ;ͻ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͳͽͳͶͳͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ
͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
Went, R. (2000). (MPCBMJ[BUJPO/FPMJCFSBM$IBMMFOHF 3BEJDBM3FTQPOTFT-POEPO
͑;΃ΔͳΕ ͚
͏ͬͰͽ͹ͬͳͳͽͶͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͐ͳͭ͹Βͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ

228
͆͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸΁ͳ
̸ͬͪ͵;ͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͅ ͷͪͻͽ
ͅͶͪͯͳ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹΂Ͱ;ͫͳͻ͹ͲͪͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰ͈͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ͵ͪ, 10.
ͅͳΕͰͬͳΕ ́ (2017, 12. ͷͪͻͽ
̹͹ͶͰͼ͸ͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ;ͷͪͭͶ;Ͳͪͺ;͸͹ͺͪͻ̺ͪͰ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ, 3.
͇͸ͶͪΒ͸ͳͲͬ͹ͻ
Orav, A. (2017, 16. mart). Za dvije godine prevedeno 17.000 strana evropskih propisa. 1PCKFEB͈ͻͰ;
ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪwww.pobjeda.net/protected/listalica/2017-03-16/files/assets/basic-html/page-3.html.
;03"/%(6%07*ſ

"/5*/0.*&40'(-0#"-*;"5*0/*/5)&MODERN WORLD
SUMMARY
The author has reviewed the key aspects of globalization as neo-colonial type of domination and syn-
thetically binded them into a single unit. The phenomenon of globalization is viewed from the military, polit-
ical, educational identity and cultural-technological dimensions in the light of their mutual interdependence.
We see that NATO alliance is trying to present its actions in the light of a new sensibility, and adapt its
existence to the culture of modern marketing. From its point of view, it does not express the spirit of a sepa-
rate belonging, but seeks to present itself as a relaxing segment not so closed to the interested countries that
are prepared to abide by a code of common security and other values. The rest of the world, except the US,
which is the driving force of this alliance, is latently perceived as an area from which the threat of terrorism
comes, so a question is imposed — why is that area angry and in conflict with NATO policy.
Often, there is an understanding of NATO qualitatively different from the period of three decades ago.
It used to protect the interests of big business by military means, and today supposedly creates and provides
the conditions for democratic standards and the needs to invest in countries that investors find not only
attractive but also stable. Their bureaucratic organization, despite the force, is becoming more flexible, more
DJWJM EJTDSFFUBOEVOPCUSVTJWFMZSFHVMBUPSZ)PXFWFS UIFTUSFOHUIPGBOFXUSFOEJTWJTJCMFJOUIFBNFOEFE
vision by which promotional messages reflect the view on the world of human values, not serving only the
description of the intended specific purpose.
,&:803%4 globalization, EU, NATO, peace, standardization.
229

̸̸̻͇̺̾̈́̾͆͌͌͊̓͠͠ 1
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͼͶͪͬͳͼͽͳ͵;̸͉͆
͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ
ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸̸͊͆͌ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̸̸͉͇͍̽̈́́̾̀̀͆͌͋̓͆̈́́̓͋͠ͅ
̸͇͇̺͇͎͆̓͊͌́̾͋́́͠ͅ 2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͈͹ͼͶͰ. ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͼ;ͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͳ͸͹ͬͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ
ͼͬͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͈ͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͼͪͬͰͽͪ ̸͈͊
ͳ
̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ̸͈̀͊
̸ͶͳͲͪ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹
͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͷͳͻ͈ͪͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹̸͇͆͋-ͪ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰΒ;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͲͪΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͲͷͪ ΒͰͻͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ̸͇͆͋-ͪ͸ͳͼ;ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪͶͳ͸ͪ;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ
͊ͻͫͪ ͻ;΃ͰΔͰͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ
΂ͳͼͽͰ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͇ͯ ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͻͪͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΔͪ ͍͇͉̓-ͪ ͳ ͌͆́̓ͅ-ͪ ͳͲ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ΒͰ
͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪ ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ ͉͹ͷͪ ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪ ̻͹ͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͰͪͶ
ͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͆͹ͬͪͰͽͪͺͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͵ͻͳͲͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪΒͰͼͪͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͳͲ
ͷͰΌ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͪͅͻͽͳΒͪ ̸΀ͽͳͼͪͻͳΒͪ ͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͳ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸̺ͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͯͪͶͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͼͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷ
ͳͶͳͼͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸͹ͷ ; ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ΂ͪ͵ͳͪ͵͹ͼͰͻͰ΂t͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽu ; ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͽͪͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͯͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬͪ΂ͪ͵͸ͳͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͯͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͳͶͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͳͷͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ
ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͷͪͯͪ͹͸͹ͳͯͪΓͰ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͠Ͱͯ͸͹͹ͯ
͸ͪΒͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ ͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͰͶͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹͸Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ; ͈ͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼ;ͳ
ͯͪΓͰ;ͽ͹͵;̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͼͪͷ͹Β͹΃͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹;͇͌͆ ͪͶͳ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͯͪΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͯͪͺ͹
ͺ;ͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́̓͡͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ̸͇͆͋ ͇͌͆ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͲͪͷ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ
1
jelenaguskova@gmail.com
2
͉ͰͯΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ́́́t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͵͹Βͳ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ͳ
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Β͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
230
̸̸̻͇̺̾̈́̾͆͌͌͊̓̽ͪ͠͠ͶͳΒͰͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
͌΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ̸͇͆͋-ͪ;tͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;u͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹΃Ε;
;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ͏ͳΓ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̸͇͆͋-ͪ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ͸ͳΒͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪΓ;ͯ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͶͳͫ͹ͻͫͪͲͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͬͰΕ
1) ͉ͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͰ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳΔͰ͸ͪͶͳ͵ͬͳͯͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬͳΒͪΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͵͹Βͪ͸ͳΒͰͽͰͱͳͶͪ;΂ͶͪΔͰΔ;;̸͇͆͋
͹ͼͰΕͪͶͪͼͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷͳͫͳͶͪΒͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͷ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͳ͊ͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ΁ͳΓͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ΒͰ ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͻͪͼͺͪͻ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͼͷͰ͸ͪ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬͪ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͳ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͰͱͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷ̸͇ͪ͆͋-ͪ
2) ͊ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ̸͇͆͋;ͺ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;̸ͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͺ͹Ͷͳͭ͹͸ͲͪͻͪͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΔͰ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ ͲͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͻͪͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΔͰͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵ͪ ͽͰͼͽͳͻͪΔͰ
͹ͻ;ͱΒͪ ͹ͯͶͪͭͪΔͰ͸;͵ͶͰͪͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͽͺͪͯͪ ̹͌͹ͼ͸ͳͼ; ͼͰ ͬͰΕ ;΂ͬͻͼͽͳͶͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͰͶ;͵ͰͲͪ
ͬ͹Β͸͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹;ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳͲͪͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷ;͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͳͯͪͺͳͽͪΒ;͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͪͳ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪͼ;ͬͰΕ;
̸͇͆͋-;͈͹ͽͺ;͸;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͹ͷͰͽͪͶͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳ͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪ
3) ̸͇͆͋ ͸ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ ͯͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͫ;ͯͰ ͭ;ͼͽ͹ ͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸͹ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ Ͳͪͽ͹ ͼ; ͽͪ͵͹ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪͶͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͪͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͰΓͪ ͼͰͶͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͰͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͽͻ;ͯͳͶͳͼ;
ͼͰͯͪͼͬͰ;ͻͪͯͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͫͳ͹͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΒͰ̸͇͆͋t;ͫͳΒͪ͹
ͯͬͰ ͷ;ͬͰ ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ ;ͯͪͻ΁Ͱͷu ͼ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͻͪ΃΂ͳ΃Εͪͬͪ͹ ΒͰ ͽͰͻͰ͸ Ͳͪ ͼͬ͹Β ͺ͹Ͷͳͭ͹͸ ͪ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ΒͰͽͻͪͱͳ͹ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͲͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͫ͹ͻͫͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͰΒͼͽͪͬͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
́ͲͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͳͲͬͰͼͽͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵͇ͪͬͯͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪͼͪͷ͹ͯͬͪ
̓ͪ͹ͺͻͬ͹ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋-ͪ;͠;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹Β̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪΒͰ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͼͪͬͰͲ
͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͲͪͬͳͼͰ͹ͯ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀̽ͻͱͪͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪΒͰͳͯͪΓͰͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ̸͊̽
ͳ͸Ͱ;Ͳͳͷͪ ͸ͪͼͰͫͰͯͰ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̓ͪ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͬͪͱͪ͸ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ̸͇͆͋-ͪΒͰͼͽͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͺ͹ΒͷͪtͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪu ΂ͳΒͪ
ΒͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ͹ͬͰͳͶͳ͹͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ ;Ͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͷͰ΃ͪΔͰ
tͼ;ͺͰͻͼͳͶͰu;;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͼͽͬͪͻͳͯͪͽͰͲͰͷΓͰ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͬ͹ΓͳΔͰ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͳΔͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
̓ͻͳͲͪ ͳͲ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ̸͇͆͋ ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͪ ͬ͹Β͸ͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ̸͊̽ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͶͪͼͬͰͽͪ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͶͰ͵ͪ͹Ͳ͹͸;ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ̸͇ͪ͆͋ͼͰͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ͹͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ
͸ͳ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͬ͹Β͸ͳ͋ͪͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͰͻͳΒͪͼͰͺ͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͪͶͪͼͬͳͷͼͬ͹Βͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ– ͳ͵ͪͲ͸Ͱ͸͹ͷ
ͳͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͷ ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͳͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸͹ͷͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ
̽ͪͶͳΒͰͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͭͯ͹͸ͰͶ͹ͷͳͻ͹ͬ͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ
̓ͪͯΒͰͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹̸͇͆͋ΒͰ͹ͯͶ;΂͸͹;΃ͪ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͯͷͪͼ͵͹ͷͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸ͳ΀ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ– ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͍͇͉̓
ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳ͇͌͆-;ͯͪ͹
ΒͰ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͯͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;Β; ͷͳͻͪ͸ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ; ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͋ͳͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷ ΒͰ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ ͈ͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͷͳͼͳΒͪ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͌͆́̓ͅ
ͳ ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵
ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͪ
231
͈ͻͰͯͯ͹ͶͪͲͪ͵͌͆́̓ͅ-ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ΒͰͬͶͪͯͪͶͪͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͪ΀ͪ͹ͼͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͯͰͬͪͼͽͳ
ͻͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͪͬͳͯͰͶͰͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͵͹ͻͪ͵; ͬͶͪͯͪͶ͹ΒͰͫͰͲͪ͵͹ΔͰͳ΃ͳ
ͻ͹͵͹ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸ͪͱͰΓͪͲͪ͹ͯͷͪͲͯ͹ͷ ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹͹ͯͼ;
ͼͽͬ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͯͰͶͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽ͇ͬͪͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͪͷ͹Ͳͬͪ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͶͰ ͼ; ͯͪ ͺ͹ͺ;͸Ͱ ͬͪ͵;;ͷ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͹ͯͶͪͼ͵ͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ
ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͊ͪͬͰͲ͸Ͱ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͳ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
͈͹ͼͶͰ. ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͼ;ͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͳ͸͹ͬͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͼͬͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͈ͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͪͬͰͽͪ ̸͈͊
ͳ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ̸͈̀͊

̸Ͷͳ Ͳͪ ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͷͳͻͪ ͈ͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ̸͇͆͋-ͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰ
Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͲͪΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͲͷͪ ΒͰͻͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ
̸͇͆͋-ͪ ͸ͳͼ; ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͸ͪ ;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ ͊ͻͫͪ ͻ;΃ͰΔͰ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͸ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ΂ͳͼͽͰ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͇ͯ ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͻͪͲ
ͷͰ΃ͽͪΔͪ ͍͇͉̓-ͪ ͳ ͌͆́̓ͅ-ͪ ͳͲ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯ ͊ͻͫͪ
͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ ͉͹ͷͪ ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪ ̻͹ͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͌ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯΒ;͸ͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ΒͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪͺͪͯͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀
͸ͪ͊ͻͫͰͳ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ΁Ͱ
;ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ ͊ͻͫͪͳ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ
ͻͪΔͰ͸͹ ͊ͻͫͪͳ
͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ
ͳ ͹ͽͰͽ͹ ͊ͻͫͪ ͳ ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ
͌͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ͼͺͪΓͰ͸͹ ͳͶͳ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹
͹΃ͽͰΕͰ͸͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ͵;Εͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͊ͻͫͪ ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪͳ͉͹ͷͪ ͅͰͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͯ;ͷͺͻͪͬͳͽͰͶ·
ͼͽͬͪ ͼͽͻ

̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯΒͰͲ͸ͪ͹ͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰtͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͻͪuͲͪ͊ͻͫͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͌Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͶ͹ͭ͹ͻͳͷͪ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶ͹ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͪ ͹ͽͰͽͳ΀ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ΁ͳͬͳͶͪ ͌ ͽͳͷ tͻͪͯ͸ͳͷ Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͻͳͷͪu ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͼͰͶ;ͪͅͽͳ΂ͪ͸Ͱ ͺͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪ͹͈ͯͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͼͰͶ;̽;΃ͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͫͶͳͲ;͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͪ
ͳ;̽ͻͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪͶ͹ͼͰͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͽͰͽͳͷͪ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͼ;ͻ͹ͬ͹ͳ͸Ͱ΀;ͷͪ͸͹͈ͻͳͼͽ;ͺͽͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪͫͳ͹
ΒͰ ͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ ͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽ; ͏ͻͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͵ͻͼͽͪ ͈͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ; ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶ͹Β͹΃͹͵͹Γ;ͯͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳ͹ͽͰͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ͸ͪ̓ͳͫͅͳͶFͼ;;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰͼͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁͹ͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͪͲͪ
͹ͽͰͽͰ͊ͻͫͰ ͉ͪͼͺΊͽ͹Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͪͅͻͽ͹ͬͼ͵ͳʹͺ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳʹͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ

͆ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͍͇͉̓-ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ Ͳͪ ͺͻͬͰ ͯͬͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͻ;΃Ͱ͸͹
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀΀ͻͪͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͵͹Β;ͼ;΂;ͬͪͶͳ́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͳ – ͆Ͱͷ΁ͳ –
̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳ – ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͳͳ– ͍ͻͪ͸΁;Ͳͳ̽ͪ͸ͪͼΒͰͼͬͳͷͪΒͪͼ͸͹̸ͯͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͼͶͰͯͰͼͬ͹Β΁ͳΓ– ͯͪ
Ͳͪ;ͬͰ͵ ͳͲͫͻͳ΃; ͼͪ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂Ͱ ͹ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͳ
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͳͲͫͻ͹ΒͪͶͳ ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀tͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͪu;ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͪͺͻͰͷͪͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹
ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ̓ͳͅ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯ ͽͻͳͼͽͪ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͪͽ͹ͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ΁ͳΓͪ͸͹;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ΂͸Ͱͳͼ;ͻ͹ͬͰ͋͹
΃ͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ΂ͳ͸Ͱ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͯͻ;ͭ͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͻͬͪͻͳͲͪͷ
232
̺Ͷͪͯͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͼͰ͸ͪΒͰ͸Ͱͻͭͳ΂͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͶͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͳͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͫͪͲ͍͇͉ͪ̓-ͪͳ̸͇͆͋-ͪ
͸ͪ ͯͰͶ; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͫͰͲ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͋͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͭͻ;ͫΓͰ ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ΔͰ͸͹ͭ
ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ̹͊ ͵ͪ͹ͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽ͉ͬͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ
͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ́ͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͫͪͲͪͫͰͲͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸Ͱͼͺ͹Βͳͬͪ ΒͰ ͼͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͹ͷͳ
ͯ;΀͹ͷͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͰͷͳͼͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͺ͹͵ͻ͹ͬͳͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹ͷ͇͌͆ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͺͪͼͪ͸ͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸͵͹Βͳͺͻ͹ͽͳ
ͬ;ͻͰ΂ͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΂ͰͶͳͷͪͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷ͇ͪ͌͆ ͅͰͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͯ;ͷͺͻͪͬͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͪ ͼͽͻ–79).
͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͳͷͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͷ̺ͪͶͪͯͰ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͌͆́̓ͅΒͰͽ͹ͶͰͻͳͼͪ͹͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪ ; ͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳͫͰͲ ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̺ͶͪͯͰ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶ͹͸ͪΒͭͻ;ͫΓͰ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ
ͽͰͽ͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ͈͹͵;΃ͪΒ̓;΃͸ͰͻͪͯͪͺͻͪͬͳͶ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͽ͹ͶͰͭͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ;ͻͰͯͫͰt͇ͳͷ;
͸ͳͽͰͽ;ͳͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͪͲͪͬͰͲ;ͼͪͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷͬͶͪͯͪͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;u
ͫͳ͹ΒͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽͪ͸
͸ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͭͻ;ͫ͹͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͈ͪ͹ͬͰΓͰ
͌͆ͳ̹Ͱ΂͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͳ͵͹͸Ͳ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ
͇ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͻͪͯͳͶͰ͸ͪͳͲͻͪͯͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳͫͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͫͳͶͳͿ͹ͻ
ͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳt͊ͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹u͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͳ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰͯͰ
ͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͳͻͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ
΁ͳΒͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭ ͼ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ͹ͷͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼ͊ͪͬͰͽ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͹ͽͪΒͺͶͪ͸͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͶ;ͱͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͲͪ͹΁Ͱ͸;ͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹ͭ
͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
͇ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵ͪ ; ͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ ͬͰΕ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪΒͰͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ̸͇͆͋͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ͹Ͳͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷͳͻͪ
ͬͰΕ Ͳͪ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͹Ϳͪ͸ͲͳͬͰ ΔͰͷ; ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͽͪͶ͹ ͯ͹ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͳͶͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͷͳͻ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͬͰΕͷ;ΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͬͪͱ͸͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪͯͪ;΂ͳ͸ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸ͳͷͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ;ͺ͹ͼͶ;΃͸͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷ ͵͹Β͹ͷͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ
͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪΒͰͬͰΕ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͻͰͭͻ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ ͫͪͲͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͵ͻͳΒ;ͷ΂ͪͻͰΔͪ͸ͪͻ͵͹ͽͳ͵ͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͰΓ;ͯͳͷͪͳͺͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬ΁͈ͪ͹ͳͲ
ͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͸ͪͻ͵͹͵ͪͻͽͰͶ t̓ͪͷͳͶͪu ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ Ͳͪ ΀Ͱͻ͹ͳ͸ ͼͺͪͯͪ ; ͺͰͽ
͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ΀ͷͪͿͳΒͪ΃͵ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͬͰͽ̻ͪ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ ͹ͯͷͪͿͳΒͪ΃͵ͳ΀ͺͻΓͪͬͳ΀ͺ͹
ͼͶ͹ͬͪͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹͵͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ Ͱͬͻͪ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ ΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͳ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͸ͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ
͸͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪͷͳͻ͹ͬΔͪ͵ͪ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ̸͇͆͋-ͪ;Δͳͷͪ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸͹Β
;Ͷ͹Ͳͳͪͻͫͳͽͪͻͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ ;;Ͷ͹Ͳͳͼ;ͯͳΒͪ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͋͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯͰͼͳͶ͹ͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷͳ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸ͪΒͰͶͰ͵΁ͳΒͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͰ͵͹ͫͳ΀ͽͰ͹– ͳͶͳͱͰͶͳ–
ͯͪ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪ ͼͬ͹Β; ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸; ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͼͽ ; ͸͹ͬͳͷ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ
͊ͳͼͽͰͷ͹ͷͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷͲͰͷΓͰ;͵ͪͷͺͲͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͰͳͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͳͶͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͻͪͲͻ;
΃Ͱ͸ͪ ͹ͼͶͪͫΓͰ͸ͪ ͼͶ͹ͷΓͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͳΒͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳͫͻͲ͹ͳͫͰͲͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳͼͪͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
233
͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ ̸͇͆͋-ͪ ͸ͪ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ; ͳ ͽͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼ; ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͏ͻ͸Ͱ̻͹ͻͰ
;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;̸ͭͻͰͼͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋-ͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͪͼͬ͹ΒͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ–
ͼͬͻͭ͸;ΕͰ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ ͪ͸ͳ ̺͹Βͼ͵ͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸̸ͪ͊̽ ͼ;ͫͳͶͰ
ͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͰͯͪͻͪͲͻͪͯͰ͸͹ͬ;ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ; ͵͹Β;ͼ; ͽͻͰͫͪͻͰΕͳ ͹ͯͻͪͯͳͶͰ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸͹
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ ͼͳͶͪͷͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹΃Ͷ͹ Ͳͪ ͻ;͵͹ͷ ͯͪ ͫͰͲ ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͪ ͬͰΕ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͲͬͰͯ; ͺͻͰͬͻͪͽ ;
ͲͰͷΓͳͳͼͷͰ͸ͰͼͬͶͪͼͽͳͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͭͶͳͯͰͻͪ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͭ͹͸͸ͪ͵͹ͷͰͼͰ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͪͬͪͶͪͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͼͷͰ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ;ͭ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͶͳͯͰͻͪͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪͲͰͷΓͰ͋͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻͰͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰ΂ͳͼͽ͹ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹͊ͬͰͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕ
ͯͪͬ͸͹͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͷͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳΒ;
͊ͷͰ͸ͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯ ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͪ ΂ͳͼͽ͹
;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͪͼͽͬͪͻ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ͌ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹͸ͪΒͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͺͶͪ͸;
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͲͻͪΌͰ͸ͳͲͬͪ͸ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
͆͹ͬͪͬͶͪͼͽΒͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͪͻͪΌͳͬͪͶͪͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͹ͷ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͯ͹ͫͳͶͰͼ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹
ͻͳΒͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͬͰΕͳ͸;ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͬ͹Β͸ͪͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ
ͽͳ΂; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͼͪͷͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͼ; ͸Ͱͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸ͳ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳ ; ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ ͌΂ͳΔͰ͸ ΒͰ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ
ͬ͹Βͼ͵ͰͳͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͈͌ͅ-ͪͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;ͬͶͪͯͰ͌ͬ͹Βͼ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹΂ͰͶͪͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ ͽͳ
΁ͪͶͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͹Ϳͳ΁ͳͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶͼ͵ͳ΀͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͪ͆ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͪͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ;͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β ̹ͳ͎ͳ
͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ̸;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸͇ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸͹ͳ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ͆ͳΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬ͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͫͳͶ͹ ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸͹ ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͇͌͆ ̺Ͷͪͯͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͺͻͪͬͪ;ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͬͰΕΒͰͫͳͶͪͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ;ͯ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;΀;ͷͪ͸ͳ
ͽͪͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͱͳͬͰ;ͷͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͰ͸͵Ͷͪͬͪͷ͈ͪ͹ͼͶͰ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯͪ͸ ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͽ ͯͪ ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͹ͯ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͠Ͱͯ͸͹ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ ͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͶͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͻͪͯͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͶͳͯͰͻͪͻͪͲ
͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͵͹͸Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;̽ͪͬ͸͹ΒͰ̸;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͈ͪ͹
͵ͻͪΒͳ͸͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͯ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͯͪΒ͹ΒΒͰ΁ͳΓͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸̸ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼ;ΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͰ̸͊̽ ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͬ΃ͳͼͬ͹Β;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪͶͳͯͰͻͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱ͈ͪͬͪͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳͼ;
͵ͻ͹ͲͻͪͲ͸ͰͿͪͲͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳͬ͹Β͸͹͈͹ͼͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ͼͰͯͪ
͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͷͳͻͪͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶͪͼͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹͸͹ͬͳͷͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ
͆͹ͬͪͰͽͪͺͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͵ͻͳͲͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪΒͰͼͪͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͳͲͷͰΌ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ̸Ͷ
ͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͪͅͻͽͳΒ̸ͪ΀ͽͳͼͪͻͳΒͪ
234
͈͹͵;΃ͪΒ ;ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹-ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͹ͯͶ͹ͱͳ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ
͌ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͷͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͷ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͷ
͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪΒͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲͳͻͪͶͪͼͬ͹ΒͺͶͪ͸͵͹ΒͳͼͰͼͬ͹ͯͳ͹͸ͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ

͆ͰͽͻͰͫͪ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪͽͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͷͻ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͼͰ
ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͺ;ͽͰͷͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ.

͆ͰͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪͽͳͺͻͪ͵ͼ;͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͵ͪ͹;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͼͺͶͪ͸͹ͷͪͅͻͽͳΒ̸ͪ΀ͽͳ
ͼͪͻͳΒͪ

̽͹͸ͰͽͳͷͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͷͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ

͈͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ̹͇͊͌͆ΒͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ͸;ͼͶ͹ͬ

͆ͰͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͺͻͰͷͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ;ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ

͇ͯͶ;͵ͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͯ͹͸Ͱͽͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͱͰΓͰ
͸Ͱ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ

͋ͻͰͫͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͳ
Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͽͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ

͊Ͷ;΂ͪΒ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͪͯͰͶͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ
͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ; ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͳ ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͶ͹ͼͬ͹Β; ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͌̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ͹͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ͯͪΒͰ
̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͻͪͲͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳt;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͷΒͰͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͷͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ
͵ͪ ͇͌͆ ͪͅͻͽͳΒͪ ̸΀ͽͳͼͪͻͳΒͪ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͈Ͷͪ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪu
(Deklarata, 2008)
͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͶͪ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ̺Ͷͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͯ͹͸ͰͶͪ ͇ͯͶ;͵; ͹
ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͪͽͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͹
ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͈ͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͶ͹ΒͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;͸ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽ͹ͷͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͰ͉;ͼͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͷͰΌ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ̸͊̽– ͷͰΌ;ͺͻͳ
ͼͽͪͶͳ΁ͪͷͪ͊ͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͪ ͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻ͇͌͆Ͳͪ;ͲͰ͹
ͺͪͼͳͬͪ͸ͼͽͪͬ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳͳͲΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ͊ͽ͉ͪͬ;ͼͳΒͰͫͳ͹ΒͰΒͪͼͪ͸
̽͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ͼ; ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͉͍ ͳ ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻ ͊ͰͻͭͰΒ ̈́ͪͬͻ͹ͬ
ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͳ͊ͻͫͳΒ;;ΔͰ͸͹Β͹ͯͶ;΁ͳͯͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͪͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ͈͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;͊Ͱͻ
ͭͰΒͪ̈́ͪͬͻ͹ͬͪ
t͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͬͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ

͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͷ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͹͵͹ ΔͰͭͪ ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͼͷ͹ ͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ
͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ͊ͻͫͪ͵͹Βͳ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͯͫͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͼͳͶ͸;ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;;

͹ͬ;͵ͬͪͲͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ;͌ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪͷͰΌ; ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͼͬͰͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳͳ
ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵͉́;ͼͳΒͪͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼ;Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽͰͲͫ͹ͭͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͻ;΃ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ΒͰͻ ͽ͹ͫ͹ͱͰ ͽͳ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Β ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
́Ͳͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪͷͳͬͳͯͳͷ͹ͽͰͱΔ;ͯͪͼͰͶͰͭͪͶͳͲ;Β;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͼͰͫͪͬͳͶͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ
ͽͲ̸ͬ΀ͽͳͼͪͻͳΒͰͬ͹ͭͺͶͪ͸ͪ ͪ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳͫͳ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͰ;ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ
ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱu ́ͲͼͽͰ͸͹ͭͻͪͷͷΆͬΆͼͽ;ͺͶͰ͸ͳΊ 008).
́ͲͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͼͰͬͳͯͳͯͪΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͶͪͼͽͪͬ͹͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
ͽͪΒ͸Ͱ ͯͰͺͰ΃Ͱ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͼͪΒͽ; ̺ͳ͵ͳͶͳ͵ͼͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒ; ͼͶͳ͵;
̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͰͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͰͼ;͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪͶͳͼͽͪͬͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͶͳͯͰͻͪ ̺ͻͲͳΕ

́Ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͯͰͺͰ΃ͪ ͳͲ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͬͳͯͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ ̺ͶͪͯͰ ̺͹ΒͳͼͶͪͬ
̓͹΃ͽ;͸ͳ΁ͪ ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̽͊͊
ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ ̹͹ͻͳͼ ͋ͪͯͳΕ ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪ ̽͊
ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͶͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͺ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ΒͰ
͸Ͱͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͪͲͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;́ͺͪ͵ ͬͪͽͻͰ͸ͪͪ͸ͽͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͪͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̺ͪͶͪͯͰ̺͹ΒͳͼͶͪͬͪ
̓͹΃ͽ;͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪΒͰͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͪͷͪͯͪͼ;ͯͪΓͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼΔͳͷͫͰͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸ͳ͇͸ͳ
ͼ;ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳͯͪΒͰ̺͹ΒͳͼͶͪͬ̓͹΃ͽ;͸ͳ΁ͪͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͯͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͳͲͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪͳͯͪͬͰΕ;ͺͪͱΔ;
ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵;̹͹ͻͳͼ;͋ͪͯͳΕ;͌Ͳͽ͹ ͳͲͯͰͺͰ΃ͪͼͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͬͳͯͳͯͪΒͰͺͶͪ͸͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͬͰΕ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͫͳ͹Ͳͪ΁ͻͽͪ͸;̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸; ͳ;ͼͬͳͷͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ̸ͪͷͰͻͳ
͵ͪ͸΁ͳͼ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͯͪΕͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͫͳͽͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ ͪt͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͼͰ ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰͯͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͭ;ͽͪΒ; ͯͪ͸Ͱ͹ͷͰͽͪΒ; ͯͪͫ;ͯ;͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͳͯͪͼͰ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳu ̺ͻͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ
19).
̓͹΃ͽ;͸ͳ΁ͳͳ͋ͪͯͳΕ;ͼ;΂ͪ͵͸;ͯͳͶͳͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽ; ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ
ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͪ͸Ͱͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹͈ͻͰͯͶͪͭͪ͸͹ͳͷΒͰͯͪͺͻ͹
͸ͪΌ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷ;͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪ͹͵ͻͳͬͰͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ ͳͯͪͼ͵ͳ͸;͵ͻͳͬͳ΁;ͼͪͼͰͫͰ̓ͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͬͪͬͪ
ͻͳΒͪ͸ͽͪ ͹ͯͫͪ΂Ͱ͸ͪ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͪ΂͵Ͱ ͪ͠͸ͪ ̓;ͫͳ΃ͪ ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ͼ;
ͺ͹ͼͶͪͶͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͰͬ͹ͲΒͰ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͳ΁; ͪ͵ͻͪΒͽ͹ͭͺ;ͽͪΒͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹̹͌Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ
ͯ;ͼ;ͫͳͶͳͲͪ΂;ΌͰ͸ͳͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͳ
̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͼ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͯͪͻͪͯͰͼͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͶͳͯͰͻͳͷͪͲͰͷΓͰ ͻͪ΂;͸ͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰ̹͹ͻͳͼ
͋ͪͯͳΕͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ;̽ͰͺͰ΃Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ̹͹ͻͳͼ͋ͪͯͳΕͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͼͪ
t͸Ͱu͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͺͻͰ΃ͪ͹͸ͪͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ͹ͬ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;͆ͪͽ͹ͼ;;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳͳ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹Βͪͷͫͪͼͪͯͳ͹ ͼͪͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ;̸͇͆͋-͈ͪͪͻͽ
͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪͷͳͻ ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͷͳͼͳΒͰ̾͌̈́̾̓͊-ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͺͶͪ͸̹ͪͪ͸̓ͳͅ;͸ͪ͹
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;;΃Ͱͼͽͽͪ΂ͪ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͸ͪ͸͹ͬͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ́ͲͯͰͺͰ΃ͪͼͰͬͳͯͳͯͪΒͰ
ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͫͻͳ͸;Ͷͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ͵ͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ΒͰͻΕͰͷ; ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͫͳͻͪ΂ͳ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͶͰΌͪ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͼͰͫ͹Βͪ͹ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸Ͱ;ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̺ͪͶͪͯͰ̀͹ͻͪ͸ͪ
͚ͳ͸ΌͳΕͪ
͈ͻͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͽͪͬ;ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̸ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͼ;ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͶͳ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ̹͹ͻͳͼ͋ͪͯͳΕͻͰ͵ͪ͹
ͯͪΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ͊ͻͫͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͪ͸Ͱͫ͹ͻͫͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̀ͪͽͳͷΒͰ;Β;Ͷ;
236
2007ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͋ͪͯͳΕͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹ͯͪ͸ͰΕͰͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷͳͽͳͯͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͫ;ͯͰͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͯͪͼͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ΃Ͱ;̾͌ͳ̸̸͇͆͋ͲͪͽͳͷΒ͹΃͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳΒͰ
t͋ͪͯͳΕwͺͻ;ͱͳ͹ΒͰ;ͬͰͻͪͬͪΔͰͯͪΒͰ;ͼͰͫͳ͹ͫͻͪͯͳ͹ ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹
ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ ͳͼ΀͹ͯͪwu ̺ͻͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ).
͈͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͪ̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶ͍ͻͳͯͺͳͼͪ͹ΒͰ;̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͳͲ͉ͳͷͪ;
͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͯͪΒͰ͋ͪͯͳΕt͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͯͪ͹͸͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͯ͹͸ͰͼͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ– ΂ͪ͵ͳͪ͵͹ͽ͹;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ϳ͹ͻͷ;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹
ͼ͹ͬͪu ̺ͻͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ
. ͌ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͹ͯ Β;Ͷͪ ͯ͹ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ; ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ ͼͪ͹ͺ
΃ͽͰΔͳͷͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͪͲͪͺͪͱͪͼͰ͋ͪͯͳΕͰͬͪͱͰΓͪͯͪt͹͵ͻͰ͸ͰͭͶͪͬ;u ͯ͹͵̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͫ;ͯͰ
ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͶͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳͳͼͽͳ΂ͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͫ͹ΒͪͲͪ͸ ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ
͵ͪͯͪͼͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ̓ͪͯͪͼ;ͬͳͯͰͶͳͯͪ͊ͻͫͳͼͪͽͰ΃͵͹Ε͹ͷ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;Β;;ͺͻͪͬ΁;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͭ͹ͯͻͳ΁ͪΔͪ
͹ͯ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳ ͼ; ͻͪͲͻͪͯͳͶͳ ͺͶͪ͸ ͺ͹ͯ ͸ͰͲͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬͳͷ ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ t͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ̓-u ͇
ΔͰͷ;ͼͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͲ͸ͪͶ͹ ͼͬͰͯ͹͵ͯͰͺͰ΃ͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͪ ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͼͺͰͶͰ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ͏ͳΓ
ͺͶͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͫͳ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͸ͪͽͰͻͪ ͯͪ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͽ͹ ;΂ͳ͸ͳ ͷͳͻ͸͹ ͫͰͲ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͼͪ ͳ
͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͿͪͲͰ
͌ͺͻͬ͹ΒͿͪͲͳ̸͊̽ͼ;ͳͷͪͶͰͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸;ͯͪ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͯ͹ΌͰtͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹u
ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ ͸ͪ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͷͪ ; Βͪ͸;ͪͻ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͵͹ΒͰ ΕͰ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ
̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳͬͪ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ; ͺͻͰͯͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸͹Β ͵ͪͷͺͪΔͳ ͽͰͱͳ΃ͽͰ ͼͽͪͬͳ ͸ͪ ͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͷ
ͼͽͪͬ;ͺͻͰͷͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;́ͭͻͪͶ͹ͼͰͳ͸ͪͷͶͪͯͰͲͪΔͳ΀ͼ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͻͽͳ ͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͰ ͼͰͷͳ
͸ͪͻͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͈͹Ͳͳͬͪ͸ͳ ͼ; ͯͪ ͭͶͪͼͪΒ; Ͳͪ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ; ͆͹ͬͪ΁ Ͳͪ
ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵; ̽͊-; ͺͻͳͼͽͳͲͪ͹ ΒͰ ͳͲ ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ Ϳ͹͸ͯ͹ͬͪ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯͪ ͳͽͯ
͌ͯͻ;ͭ͹ΒͰͽͪͺͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ΒͰͫͳ͹t;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪu͹ͯͬͪΒͪΔͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹ͯͪ
ͽͻͰͫͪ;ͫͰͯͳͽͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ;͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪ͌ͽ;ͼͬͻ΀;ΒͰͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳͬͪ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹͵͹ͻͳ
ͼͽͰͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͺ;͸ͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͶ͹Βͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹
ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹̸ͯͪ͊̽ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͼ;ͫͪ΃
ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳt͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪuΒͰͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪͶͪͯͪ;ͫͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͪ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͯͻͪͯͰͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳ
ͬͰΕ tͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳu ͊ͻͫͳ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ;ͻͪΌͰ͸͹ ͇ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸͹ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ ͼ;
͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ΁̹ͪͳΓͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫΓͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ̺;͵̽ͻͪ΃͵͹ͬͳΕ ͐Ͱͯ͹ͷͳͻ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͳͯͻ;ͭͳ
͌ͽͻͰΕ͹ΒͰͽͪͺͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ΒͰͺͻͳͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ͊ͻͫͳΒ;͸ͳͲ͹ͷ͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͬ͹ͯͳͽͳ΃ͳͻ͹͵Ͱ
Βͪͬ͸ͰͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͲΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͈Ͷͪ͸ͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼͽͪͬͳ͸ͪ
ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΔͰͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͲͪ͊ͪ͸Θͪ͵ͳΒ;ͭ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸
ͷͳͶͳ͹͸Ͳͪ̽͹ͷ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ

̀ͪͯͪͽͪ͵΂ͰͽͬͻͽͰͰͽͪͺͰΒͰͫͳ͹͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳ͊ͻͫͳΒ;͵ͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪͰͬͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ
΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
ͪ ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
̓ͪ͵͹ ͺͳ΃Ͱ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͵ΔͳͭͰ tͳ ͯͪͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ͫ;
ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽu ̺ͻͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͫͰͼͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸; ͳ Ͷͪͱ͸; ͊;ͯͰΕͳ ͺ͹ ͯͰͺͰ΃ͪͷͪ Β͹΃
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͳͼ;Ͳ͸ͪͶͳͯͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;;ͯ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸͹Βͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͪͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͶͪͲͪ͵;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;;͸ͳΒ;̸͸ͭͰͶͪͅͰͻ͵ͰͶΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ̹ͪ͹ͻͳͼ;͋ͪͯͳΕ;
237
Β͹΃;͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͯͪΕͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͷ͹ͻͪͽͳͯͪͼͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯͶ;͵;͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͅͳ
΀ͪͰͶ͍Ͷ;ͭͰͻͳͲ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹͈ͭ́ͅ-ͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͼͽͳ͹ΒͰ̸͊̽͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪt͸ͰͱͰͶͳͯͪͬͳͯͳu͊ͻͫͳΒ;
;̾͌ ̺ͻͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ 41–42).
ͪͯͪͅΒͰ̹͹ͻͳͼ͋ͪͯͳΕ;ͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͯͪͲͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ͸ͰͷͪͪͶ
ͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ; ͽͰͯͪͽ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͯͳ
ͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͰ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ̸͊̽
΃ͽ͹ͼͰͬͳͯͳͳͲͯͰͺͰ΃ͪ ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͰͼͽͪΒͪͶͳ
ͯͪͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΒ;ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͯͪͼ;ͽ͹ͯͬͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͳ͆ͪ͵͹͸ͯͬͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯ
ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͰͼ;ͳͲͶ͹ͱͳͶͰ;ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹Β
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ Βͪ͸;ͪͻͭ͹ͯ
͸ͪͼͪͼͽͪ͸͵;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͪͬͪͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹
ͬͪ ̸͊̽ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ́ͽͪͶͳΒͰ ͳ ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͆ͪ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͹
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽ;ͻͳ;̾͌ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ́;ͷ͸͹
ͭͳͷͺ͹ͽ͹ΔͳͷͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͯͰͺͰ΃ͪͷͪ ͹ͬͪͯͬͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;
͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͪͲͰͷΓͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸͹ͳ ͫͰͲ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͫͳͶͪͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͪͯͪͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͫͳͶͪΒͰ͉;ͼͳΒͪ
͐ͪ͵ͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͪͺͳͼͷͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪΒͰͼͽͪͬͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͰ͹͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͫͳ͹ͯ͹ͼͶͰͯͪ͸ͳͫͰͼ͵͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹ͷͳͼͪ͸͌Ͳͽ͹ ͳͲͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͰͬͳͯͳͯͪΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳΒͪͫͳͶͪ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͸ͪͺͻͰͷͪ
ͼͽͪͬ;͉;ͼͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ ΒͰͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;͉;ͼͳΒͳ͠ͰͶͳ΁ͪ̓;ͻΒͪ͵ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ̸ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͯͪt͸ͳΒͰ
͹ͺͽͳͷͳͼͽͪ͹͵͹΃ͪ͸ͼͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͯͪͲͪͯͻͱͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹u ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪt͸ͰͬͰͻ;ΒͰͯͪΕͰͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ ;ͭͻ͹Ͳͳͽͳ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼ̸ͪ͊̽ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ͹ͷͲͪͻͪͯͫͶ͹͵ͪͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼͪ͹͵͹͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪu
̽ͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ ͽͻͰΕͰͭ ͷͪΒͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ ͼͰ ; ͊ͪͬͰͽ; ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͼͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͶͪ ̸΀ͽͳͼͪ
ͻͳΒͰͬ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;͹͸ͪͯͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹Βͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;̀ͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͲͪ΀ͬͪͶͳ͹ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͳͲͪ
ΔͰ͸ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳΒͰͶͪ͸ͼͽͪͬ ͪͶͳ;ͯͰͺͰ΃ͳ͹ͯΒ;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͪ
͍ͻͳͯͺͳ΃Ͱ
t͋ͪͯͳΕΒͰͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͪΕͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳͲͭ;ͫͳͽͳ͹ͯͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͬͰͽͪ;͊ͪͬͰͽ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹΁ͻͽͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ
ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳ͹͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͰͲͪͬͻ΃ͳͽͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͷ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹΃Ε;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͻͪΕͰ͸͹ͷ
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰͷͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸͹ͷͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁͹ͷͳͲͷͰΌ;̸͊̽ ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰu ̺ͻͲͳΕ
ͼͽͻ 49–
.
̺ͪΓͪͼͰͺͻͳͼͰͽͳͽͳͼͽͪͬͪͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͰ͇͸ͪΒͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͪ ͯͪΒͰ
tͿ͹ͻͼͳͻͪͽͳ ͹ͯͶ;͵; ͹ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹w ͯͪ ͺͶͪ͸ ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͪ ͇͌͆ ͪͅͻͽͳΒͪ ̸΀ͽͳͼͪͻͳΒͪ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯͰ ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͪ Ͳͪ
ͳͲͻͪͯ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ̹͇͊͌͆͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ΒͰͻ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͶͰͱͳͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͹ͯͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ;ͻͰ΂͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ;ͳ͈͹ͬͰΓͳ͌͆ ͪͽ͹͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͽͬͪͻͪ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͬͰΕΒͰͳͫͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͽ͹ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͰͱ͸ͳͷ͸Ͱͭͪ
ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪͺ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽu ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͰͻͼͽͬ͹ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀
ͯͰͶ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ

̸͊̽ͼ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͰͯͪ ;ͽͳ΂;͸͉ͪ;ͼͳΒ; ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͯͪͼ;ͭͰͻͳ΃;ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ̺;͵;͠ͰͻͰͷͳΕ;ͯͪtͽͳ΀͹Ͳͪͷ͹ͶͳͬͶͪͯ;͉;ͼͳΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͯͻͱͳͻͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ;u;͊ͪͬͰͽ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹
ͼͽͳ ͪͶͳΒͰ͠ͰͻͰͷͳΕ͹ͯͫͳ͹ͯͪͽ͹;ͻͪͯͳ ̺ͻͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳΒͰͶͪ͸ͼͽ͉ͪͬ;ͼͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ
238
͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͹ ̸͊̽ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ ͹ͼͳͷ ͯͪ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ
̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶ ͍ͻͳͯ ΒͰ ͺͳͼͪ͹ t͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ΒͰ ͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸ͪ ͳ ͽͰ΃͵; ΁Ͱ͸; ΕͰ ͺͶͪͽͳͽͳ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͸ͪΌͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ;ͽ;u ̺ͻͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ

́ͲͺͻͰͯ͹΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͪͬͳͯͳͼͰͯͪ ΒͰͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ͲͰͷΓͰ;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̹ͪ͹ͻͳͼͪ
͋ͪͯͳΕͪͬͳͯͰͶ͹͹ͼ͹ͫ;͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͰ͵͸Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͯͪͺ͹ΌͰ;ͼ;ͼͻͰͽ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͯͪ
ͺ͹ͯͶͰͭ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵; ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͳ ͹ͫͰΕͪΔͳͷͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͪ ͯͪ Ϳͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͺͻͳͷͰΕͰ͸ͪΒͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͪ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͶͰͫͪΔͰ ͱͰΓͪͯͪͼͰͼͰͯͳ͸ͪ
ͯͬͰͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͐ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ͼͰ̹ͯͪ͹ͻͳͼ͋ͪͯͳΕͼͪͷ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵͹Βͳͫͳͷ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ͯͪ
ͳͲͫͰͭ͸ͰͱͳͭͳͲͯͪΒ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͪͯͪͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͹ͷͰͽͪͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸;ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬͪ͌͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͽͳͶͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻ̸͊̽ ͎ͳͶͪͻͳ̓Ͷͳ͸ͽ͹͸͇͸ͪΒͰ;
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;;ͫͰΌͳͬͪͶͪͬͶͪͼͽͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͷͳͻͳͼͪͭ;ͫͳͽ͵͹ͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͯͪͲͪͺ͹΂͸ͰͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͷ
͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͳͶ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹̸ͬͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͷͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͯͪ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͼͪͷͻͽͬͰͽͪ΂͵ͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;̸͊̽ͫͳͶͰͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ
ͽ͹ͻͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͈͹ͯͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͺͻ̸ͪͬͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͽͰͽ͹͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̸͇͆͋ΒͰ ͯͻͱͰΕͳͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸;ͺ͹ͯͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹
;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͯͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹ͼͰͯͪ
ΒͰ͹ͯ͹ͫΒͪͬͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ– ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ΒͪͲ͊;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͹ͯͫͳͶͳͼ;ͯͪ
ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͇͌͆ – ͉;ͼͳΒͪ ͳ ̓ͳ͸ͪ ͅ͸͹ͭͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ ̻ͻ΂͵ͪ
͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͪ ̓ͳͺͪͻ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͪ
ͬͳͯͰͶͰͼ;;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ͹ͺͪͼͪ͸ͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸͵͹Βͳ
;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͪ̽͹ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͼͬͪ͸ͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͽΔͰͳ;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽ;ͷͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ̸͊̽
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪ ͊͆͊
ͪͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΔͰ͸ͶͳͯͰͻ͋͹ͷͳͼͶͪͬ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͳῈͪͬͻͰͷͰͺͻͰͯͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸Ͱ͵ͪͷͺͪΔͰ͊͆͊ ͼͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪͶͪ
͵ͪ͹͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪ ͪͶͳΒͰ ͯ͹΃ͪͬ΃ͳ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽ Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͶͪ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;ͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ
Ͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;̹͹ͻͳͼͪ͋ͪͯͳΕͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ ;ͺͳͽͪΔ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͆͹ͬͪ ͬͶͪͼͽ ΒͰͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͳͶͪ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͼͪ
͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸͹ͷ
͇ͬ͹ͷͰͽͻͰͫͪͯ͹ͯͪͽͳͯͪͿ͹ͻͷͪͽͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;ͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͹ͽ
ͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͷͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔ;ͬͶͪͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͽͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͰ ͹ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ ͼͪͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ͳ ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͹ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
ͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪΒͰͳͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͊ͪͬͰͽͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ
ͫͪ͸͵ͰͲͪͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ;ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β ̹͉͉̾
ͯ͹͸Ͱ͹͹ͯͶ;͵;͹;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬͲͰͷͪΓͪ
΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͫͪ͸͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬ΃ͳͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͳ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ;΃Ͷͳ ͼ; ;
Ͳͪͬͻ΃͸;ͿͪͲ;̽͹ͽͪͯͪͼ;ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰͶͰͯͪͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ

͇ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͻͳͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͿ͹ͻ;ͷͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͺͻͳ
ͼͽͪͶͪ͸ͪͽ͹ ;Ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͽͪͫͶͳ΁ͪt͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹uͼͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷt;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;
ͼ͉ͪͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ̹͊͌͆u͋͹ΒͰͿͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹ͺͻͳͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͼͪͷ͹
ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ
239

͈ͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳͼͺͻͪͬͪͳͲͯͪͽͳ΀͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ

͌ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪ ͳͲͯͪͽͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

͇ͯͶ;͵ͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ͵ͻͰͽͪΔ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͺ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͪ;ͽ͹ͷ͹
ͫͳͶͼ͵ͳͷͽͪͫͶͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͳͲͯͪͽͳͷ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͶͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͌͆́̓ͅ-ͪ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹
ͳͶͳ;
͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͷͰΔͪΒ;ͼͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͽͪͫͶͳ΁ͪͷͪ

͊ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͌͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ;͹ͯΒ;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
ͼͰ͹ͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵;tͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
u ̽͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳ

́͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁͹ͷ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͺ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΀΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ

͌ͺͶͪͽͪ΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͪ͵ͼͳ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪ

͊ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;

͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺͰ΂ͪͽ;ͼͪ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ͹ͷt͏ͪͻͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪu

͌ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹;͵ͳͯͪΔͰͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͰͷͫͪͻͭͪ

͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀͵Δͳͭͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀͵Δͳͭͪ

͇ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰt͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͪͲͪͬͰͲ;u;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͆ͪΒͺͻͰͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ͯͪΕͰͫͳͽͳ
ͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͹Ϳͳ΁ͳͻͳͲͪͬͰͲ; Ͳͪͽͳͷͼ;ͳ΀͸ͪͲͬͪͶͳ΂ͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;– ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͪͷͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͳ
ͻͰ΂ΒͰ͹͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔ;ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪ

͌͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͊ͰͬͰͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͼͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ;
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹-ͫ;ΘͰͽͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ
14) ͊ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͪͫͳ΃ͽͳͽͳͶͪͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͳ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸ ̸͵͹
ͫͳͼͷ͹͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪͶͳͽͰ͵ͼͽ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͼͪͽͪ΂͵ͰͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ
;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ ;ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͽͪΒͼͽͪͽ;ͼͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ͵ͻͪΒΔͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹Ͳͪ͊ͻͫͰ̸͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹
͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ͹ͬ͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ;ΒͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͪͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸ͪ;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂ͪ͵ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͪ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪΒ΁ͳͷͪ ͫͳΕͰͯ;ͱ͸ͪͯͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͬ͹Γ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͊ͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͯͪ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͽͻͰͫͪ͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪͽͳͺ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͻͳͷ̺ͪͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͯͪͶͳ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͼͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷͳͶͳͼͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸͹ͷ ;
ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ΂ͪ͵ͳͪ͵͹ͼͰͻͰ΂t͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽu;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ͊ͬͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͽͪ΂͵Ͱ͊ͺ͹ͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͪͼͪͺͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͬͶͪͼͽͳͷͪͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͼ;ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͳͶͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ
͹ͯ ͪͺͻͳͶͪΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷ;͵ͳ͸;͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ΂ͪ͵ͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪͼͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ
240
̽ͪ͸ͪͼͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ͵͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ͵ͪͱͰͯͪΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͽͪͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͪ
ͬͳͶͪ ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ ͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͯͪ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͸ͳ ͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ΀ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͯͪ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͳͷͪ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͷͪͯͪ ͹͸͹ ͳ
ͯͪΓͰ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ ; ͼͪͼͽͪͬ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͇ͬͯͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͬͻͶ͹ ͽ;ͱͪ͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͪͯͪͅw͵ͪ͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͯͪͽ;
Β͹΃͸ͳΒͰ͵ͻͪΒ̀ͫ͹ͭͺ͹ͺ;ͼͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹ͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͺͻ͹ͭ͸͹Ͳͳͻͪͽͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͹͵͹
͹ͯͬͪΒͪΔͪ ̺͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ Β;ͱ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ
͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͪͲͪͼͰͫ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
͠Ͱͯ͸͹ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ ͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͶͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹͸Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͺͳͽͪΔ;
͈ͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼ;ͳͯͪΓͰ;ͽ͹͵;̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͼͪͷ͹Β͹΃͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹;͇͌͆ ͪͶͳ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ ͯͪΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
ͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͯͪͺ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;
͈͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪ͸ͰͶ͹ͭͳ΂͸ͳͳ
͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͷ͸͹ͭͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͫͰͲ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͲͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪͽͳͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͰ͸ͪ̓ͳͅͳͷͰ
ͽ͹ͯΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ– ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ ΒͰͻ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͼͽͰ͵͸Ͱ
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͯͪͼͰͷ͸͹ͭͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳͪ͵͹ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ;ͫͳͼͽͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ̀ͪ΃ͽ͹
ͼ;ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Γͪͬͪ͸ͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͯͭ͹
ͬ͹ͻͳ ͳ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͼͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͪΒͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ
;ΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͼͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ̓͹ΒͳΒͰ΁ͳΓͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͪΒ;ͭ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͵͹Βͪ͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔ;ΒͰͼͬͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͼͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ
͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͹ͽͳͷͪΒ;ΕͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͳͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͼͬͰ ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬΒͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͷͳͺ͹ͼͽΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͳͷͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͯ͹ͫͳΒ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͯͻͱͪͬ; ͯ͹͵
͊ͻͫͳ;͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β͸ͳͼ;ͼͷͰͶͳ͸ͳͯͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;΂ͪ͵͸ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ;ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳ
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ; ͬͰΕͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ; ͺͻͪͬ΁; ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ; ̹ͳ͎ ͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ
͈͹ͼͽͪͬͳͷ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͷͳͻ͸͹͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ¢ ͆ͰͷͪΒ͹΃ͷͳͻ͈ͪͻͰͯͼͽ͹ΒͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͫ͹ͻͫͪͲͪ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰͽͲͬͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳ
Β̸ͪͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ– ͸͹ͬͳͺͻ͹ͭ͹͸͊ͻͫͪ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
̸͊̽ Β͹΃͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳͶͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͆ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰΕ;ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳͯͪ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͼͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͼͰ;ͯ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͪͷ͹͸ͽͳͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
͹ͽͰͽͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ Β;ͱ͸Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱͳͯ; ; ͵͹ͻͳͼͽ͹ͫͰͼͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪͷ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͭ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ; ͽ͹Β
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͳ΃;Βͪͬ͸ͳͷͷΔͰΔͰͷ͊ͬͳͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹
ͼͽͳͬͰΕͼ;ͳͲͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ̓ͳͅͳ͸ͪͼͬͰΒͰͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͳͫͻ;ͽͪͶ͸͹̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͼͬ͹Β;ͪ͸ͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ̺ͳͯͳͽͰ
;̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͫͰͻ;΂͵ͰΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷͳ̸͇͆͋́ͽͰ
ͲͰͷΓͰͯ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ΁Ͱ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͬ͹Γ;;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ;ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸
241
΁ͳͷͪ ΒͰ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͯͪ ͊ͻͫͳ ͸Ͱ ͬ͹ͶͰ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΀ͻͪͫͪͻ ͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͹Γ;ͫͳͬ
͸ͪͻ͹͇ͯ͸ͳͼ;ͻͪ΂;͸ͪͶͳͯͪΕͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͰͳͫͻͱͰͼͶ͹ͷͳͽͳ͊ͻͫͰ ͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͽͳ̸Ͷ
ͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳΒ͹΃ΒͰͯ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ;̸Ͷͳ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͳͷͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹͸ͰͭͳͻͪΒ;– ̸ͷͰͻͳ
͵ͪ͸΁ͳͬͻ΃ͰͼͬͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͯͻͱͪͬ;̀ͪͻΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͺͳͽͪΒ;ͼͰ ͯͪͼͰͽͳ
͊ͻͫͳ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Β ̸ͷͰͻͳ΁ͳ ́ͭͶͪͬ͸͹͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽͭ͸ͰͬͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͽ͹
΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ;ͬͰ͵ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵͉;ͼͳΒͰ̀ͪͽ͹ͳͷΒͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͯͪ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͊ͻͫͳΒ;͊Ͱͽͳͷ͹ͼͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͪ͵͹Ͷͳ
͵͹Ͷ;͵ͪͬͼͽͬͪͳ΁ͳ͸ͳͲͷ̸ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪͳͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͽͶ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ͹ͯ
tͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ;ͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔ;uͯ͹ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰt̹͹͸ͯͼͽͳͶͪu ͫͪͲͰͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͹ͽͰͽͪ΁ͰͶͪΔͰ͸ͪΒ;ͱ͸ͪ
ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ ΔͰ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͪͲͰͷΓͪͳ͵͹ͶͰͬ͵ͪ͊Ͱͽͳͷ͹ͼͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸;ͯͪͻ;͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒͷ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͳ͸ͼͽͪͶͳͻͪ͸Ͱ ͷͪͻͳ͹͸Ͱͽͼ͵ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃;
ͻͪͲ͸Ͱͪ͸ͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹͊ͻͫͳΒ;͵ͪͼͪͺͰͳͺ͹͸ͳͱͪͬͪΒ; ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͽͰ΃
͵͹ͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͪͺͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͪͳ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ
̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͪͱ͸͹Ͳͪ΁ͰͶ;ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽ;΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͹ͺͰͽͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͱͪͼͳͷͪͪͷͰ
ͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪͳ;͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͻͰ͵Ͷͪt͆Ͱͷ͹ͱͰu͊͸ͪͭͪ͵͹ΒͪͳͲͪͽͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͽͪ͸Ͱ
ͼͬͳͷ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ̀͸ͪͼͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͽ͹ͲͰͷΓͪ

̸̸̸͉͉̺͇͉̻͉͚̈́́͋̾͋͌́́̀́̾
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳʹͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͬͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳ͵ͻͳͲͳͼͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳͫΆͬ΃Ͱʹ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳͳ̽͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽΆ

͋́ͅ͸ͯͻͳ͵
̺ͻͲͳΕ ͆
̺ͳ͵ͳͶͳ͵ͼ͋ͪΒ͸ͰͫͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͰͺͰ΃̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ͍ͪͯ͹͸ͯ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ
̽͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳͽͳͷ͹̹ͬͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ . Β;Ͷ
́ͲͼͽͰ͸͹ͭͻͪͷͷΆͬΆͼͽ;ͺͶͰ͸ͳΊͳ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼΆͼͷͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀ͯͰͶ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ͊
̺̈́ͪͬͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͬͷͰͼͽ͸͹ʹͺͻͰͼͼ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͳͼͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻ͹ͷͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀ͯͰͶ͊Ͱͻͫͳͳ̺;͵͹ͷ
̾ͻͰͷͳ΂Ͱͷ ͳΉͶΊͭ
́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΊͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͰͻͼͽͬͪͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀ͯͰͶ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰ
ͻͪ΁ͳͳ ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪXXXNJESV
ͪͅͻͽ͹ͬͼ͵ͳʹͺ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͬ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳͳͷͪͻͽ̹ͪͭͰͶͭͻͪͯͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͰͻͼͽͬ͹͵;Ͷ·ͽ;
ͻΆ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ͊Ͱͻͫͳͳ
ͅͰͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͯ;ͷͺͻͪͬͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͪ͊͹ΉͲ͸͹ʹ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳͳ͹ͬΆͺ͹Ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳͳͻͰͲ͹ͶΉ΁ͳͳ͊͹ͬͰ
ͽ̹ͪͰͲ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇͇͆
ͪͺͻͰͶΊͭ
̸͌Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳʹͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͬͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳ͵ͻͳͲͳͼͪ
͸ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳͫΆͬ΃Ͱʹ͗ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳͳ -
͋́ͅ͸ͯͻͳ͵
ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͰͻͼͽͬ͹ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀ͯͰͶ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ͊͹͹ͫ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰͯͶΊ͊́ͅ-04-2007.
͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪIUUQXXXNJESV
͉ͪͼͺΊͽ͹Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹͇ͼ͵ͬͰͻ͸΋͸͸ΆͰͳ;͸ͳ΂ͽ͹ͱͰ͸͸ΆͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ΆͰͼͰͻͫͼ͵ͳͰ΀ͻͪͷΆͳͷ͹͸ͪͼͽΆͻͳͬ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳͳ ͳΉ͸·–ͷͪʹͭ
͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͰͻͼͽͬ͹͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ͉Ͱͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ
͊Ͱͻͫͳͳ.
242
Deklaratae1BWBSFTJTFseKosoves ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͼͪ
IUUQXXXBTTFNCMZLPTPWBorg/common/docs/Dek_Pav_sh.pdf
JELENA JU. GUSKOVA
*4$0/'-*$5*/,04070"/%.&50)*+"'30;&/
SUMMARY
fter 1999 new forms of mutual cooperation of all political parties are created within the frame of the In-
terim Administrative Council (IAC) and the Joint Interim Administrative Structure (SIAS). But there was
still no peace for the non-Albanian population. The presence of NATO in Kosovo, after 1999 created fa-
vourable conditions for the strengthening of the Albanian extremism, as the NATO members never reacted
to the murders of Serbs, demolition of Orthodox cultural monuments, supporting thus the creation of an
ethically clean Albanian QSPWJODF'SPNUIFNPNFOUPG,'03BOE6/.*,BSSJWBMUPUIFQSPWJODF
Serbs, Montenegrins, Romani, Turks, Gorani and other non-Albanian population has been expelled from
the province. A new phase in the development of the crisis is related to the negotiations process between
Belgrade and the Albanians from Kosovo and Metohija conducted by the international mediator Martti
Ahtisaari. The Treaty between Belgrade and Priština was signed in the beginning of 2013. It is important to
understand that whether its content is understood as the Treaty with an independent country or an auton-
omous province as a part of the Republic of Serbia, regardless of the fact whether the word `independent` is
NFOUJPOFEJOUIFUFYUPSOPU 4FSCJBEJEOPUMFBWFBOZNFBOTPGHPverning that could influence the internal
life in Kosovo, not even in the northern Serbian territories, in order to govern or undertake actions in the
territory in Kosovo and Metohija, although it still remains formally as an autonomous province within Ser-
bia. One of the most complex present day issues are preparation and unilateral proclamation of independ-
ence of the part of the territory of a sovereign state and confrontations between great powers in regard to the
issue. The negotiations are on the agenda. Kosovo needs only a chair in the UN and Belgrade seems to be
ready to give in, as it has done in regard to the previous issues, as well.
,&:803%4 Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia, NATO, UN, Albanian extremism, the agreement.
243

̸̹͈͇͇̺͌́͑̽̾͊͋́ͣ͡ͅ1
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
t̸̻͇͈͇̺̺͉͇͈̽͌͌͋̾͌̾͌͢͠i
̸̸̸͎̻͇͇̺͇͉͉͇͉̺͆͋́͆͋͆̽̾̈́͊͋̾͆̾̽̿̾͠ͅ
–̸̸͉̹͊̈́͌͐͊́͠͠

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͪ ͷͰͽͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰ ͽͻͳ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ̓ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳͼ;͹ͼͺ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͪ ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͌ ͻͪͯ; ΕͰͷ͹ ͼͰ ͼͽ͹ͭͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͫͪͬͳͽͳ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͻͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹Βͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹
ͫͪͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͯͰͼͽͻ;ͳ΃ͰΔͰ͸;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͽͻ;
͵ͽ;ͻ;ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͵ͪ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͰ͵͹ͯͳͻͪΔͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͫͳͺ͹ͱͰΓͪͷͪͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;
ͳͲΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵ͻ;ͭ͆ͪ΃ͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ;ͻͪͯ;ΕͰͼͽ͹ͭͪͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸͹͸ͪ
ͽͪΒͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͳͽ͹;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͲͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͰͶͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͰΕ
ͯͬͪͬͰ͵ͪͶ;ͽͪ͸ͪtͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͺ;ͽ;i;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳͷͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͼͬ͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͯ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͰ͹
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͌ͻͪͯ;ΕͰͷ͹ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͽͳͳ΃ͳͻͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͿ͹͵;ͼ͹ͷ͸ͪͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͼ;͵͹ͫͰͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͽͳ
ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ.
̓ͪͯͪͼ;͵ͻͪΒͰͷͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͳ͸;ͶͳͳͫͪͻͰͷͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͰͺͻͰͼͰͶͳ
Ͷͳ;ͲͪͺͰΕͪ͵ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͻ;΃ͰΔͰ̹ͰͻͶͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͲͳͯͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸͹͵ͪ͹ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ΂ͳ͸ͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿͪ
ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͺͪͻͯͳͭͷͰ ͪͶͳͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͳͲͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͪ͌ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Βͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔ͹ΒͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶ͹ͼͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵Δͳͭͪ
͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͷͪͶͰͲͪ΁ͳΓͯͪͷͪͻ͵ͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰͬͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;
ͺ͹ͼͽͫͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;ͷ͹Εͳ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ
͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹t͵ͻͪΒͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹͍ͻͰ͸ͼͳͼ͍;͵;Βͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͳͻͪ͹
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̸̹͈͇͇̺͌́͑̽̾͊͋́ͣ͡ͅ t̽;ͭ͹ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͠Ͱͬͻ͹ͺ;i ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͬͷ͹ͯͰͶͻͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ...
͵ͪ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸ͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͽͻͳΒ;Ϳ;ͷͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ2 ͪͬͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ͹͵ͪ͹͸ͰͳͲͫͰ
ͱ͸;ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ;͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪͼͬͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͳͷͪ͹;ͺ͹ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ͸͹ͬͳͷͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ;
ͼͬͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͳͷͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͽͻͰ
ͫͪͶ͹ΒͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͳΔͳͷͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͳͶͳ ͺͻͪͬͪ΁ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ; ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͹ΒͰ͊ͰͷΒ;ͰͶ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ
ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ͹͵ͻ͹Ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹Ϳ;͸ͯͳ
ͻͪΒ;͸ͪͫͪͲͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳͷͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ
͸ͳͷͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪ͊ͪͯͪ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͽͰͻͰ͸ͻͪ΃΂ͳ΃ΕͰ͸͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀tͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳ΂ͪi ͸ͪ
ͼ΁Ͱ͸; ; ͺ;͸͹ͷ ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽ; ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͷ͹Εͳ ͼͽ;ͺͪΒ; ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ͳ͸ͯ;͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳͷ ͸ͪ
ͫͪͲͳt͸ͰͺͻͰͷ͹ͼͽͳͬͳ΀iͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ;͸͹ͬͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ
ͷͪͻͪͼ͵;ͼ;ͻͪΒ;ͼͽͪͻͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͻͪ΂;͸Ͱͳͻͪͼ͵ͻ΂ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͪͻͰͪͶͰͲͪͼͬ͹Β;ͫ;ͯ;Ε;ͺͻ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ͻ͸; Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒ; ̹ͰͲ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͯͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͷͰͼͽ; ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͳͲͶͪͱͰͷ͹ Ϳ;͵;Βͪͷͼ͵;
tͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;iͼͶͳ͵;ͼͬͰͽͪ ͬͳ΃ͰͺͪͱΔͰͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳΕͰͷ͹͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͶ;tͼ;͵͹ͫͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪi ΒͰͻ͸ͪͷ͹͸ͳͲ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯ͹ͫͻͳ΀ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹-ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͪ͸ͪͽ͹Β
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹Βͷͪͽͻͳ΁ͳ;ͽͰͷͰΓͳͷ͹͸ͪ΃;ͯͪΓ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͪͶ͸;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;
̀ͪ͸ͪͼΒͰ͹ͼ͹ͫͳͽ͹Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ͯͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱͷ͹΃ͽͪͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪͼͪͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ– ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪ ͯ͹ͯͳͻͪͳͶͳͼ;͵͹ͫͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͽͲͬ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͲ͹͸ͪͷͪ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ
ͼ;ͬͰΕͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͍͉͊͠͹ͼ͹ͫͳͽ͹
̸̸͈͇͇̺̺͉͆̾́͠͠ͅ͏́̾́͠͏̸̺́́̈́́̀͏̸̸͇̺͉́͊̓̓͆̾̀́͠͠
͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ – ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ; Ͳ͹͸ͪͷͪ ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀
ͿͶ;ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͪͶͳͳ͵ͻͳͲͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹ΒͰ
ͯͳ͸ͳͷ ͿͪͲͪͷͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͊ͰͷΒ;ͰͶ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ΒͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪ͹ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬͳ΀ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ;ͯͪΒͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ΁ͳͬͳ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲͰ ͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͶ;ͽͪΔͪ ͪͶͳͳ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ͇͸ΒͰͽ͹;ͻͪͯͳ͹
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ
1. ͅ͹ͯͰͶ ;ͼͪͷΓͰ͸Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͆Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ Β͹Β ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͼͪ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ ;
΃ͳͻͰͷ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͈ͻͳͷͰͻͳ ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ; ΒͰͼ; ̾ͽͳ͹ͺͳΒͪ ͎ͪͳͽͳ
ͪ͠ͺͪ͸ͳͯͻ
2. ͅ͹ͯͰͶͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͋͹ͼ;ͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰtͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹͹ͺ͵͹ͻͪ΂;Β;͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪiͳͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰͼͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪͼͬ͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ
͋͹ͼ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͰͳͶͳ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰͽͪ͵ͬ;ͯͻͱͪͬ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹Β;͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰ
;ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪͳ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΔͳͷͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹
ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ͋ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͫͳͬ΃ͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͷ;ͶͽͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰ͉͊͊͊ͳ͍͉͊͆ͪ͠ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
2
t̓ͻͪΒͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͫͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹͵ͻͪΒͻͪͽ͹ͬͪͳ͵ͻͬͪͬͳ΀ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ͊Ͷͪͱ;ΕͳͼͰ͹͵͹΁ͳΓͰͬͪ Γ;ͯͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͫͳ
ͳͷͪͶͳ͵ͻ;ͺ͸ͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͰͯͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͰi ͍;͵;Βͪͷͪ ͼͽͻ

ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͸ͪΒͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͳΒͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸; ΒͰͼ; ̹ͳ͎ ͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ̹ͳ͎ Ͳͫ͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͸ͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹-ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹-ͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵͹-ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ
͵͹ͻͺ;ͼ ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͺͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͼ ̸ͻͫͪ͸ͪͼͳͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͳ
ͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͱͳͬΓͪ ; ͻͪ΃͵͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͷͼ͵͹Β ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰͫͰ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ; ̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳͷͪ ́
ΒͰͯ͸ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͽͻͪͱͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͰtͼͬ͹Βͳ΀iͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͭͯͰͼ;;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ
ͳͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͶͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺͻͳͺͪΒͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͼ;ͼͰͯͳͷͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳΒ͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹
ͻͳΒͳ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;ͳͶͳ΂ͪ͵;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͱͳͬͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ
3. ͅ͹ͯͰͶͺ͹΁Ͱͺͪ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͇ͬͪΒͷ͹ͯͰͶ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂ͪ͸ΒͰͲͪtΒͰͯ͸;ͺͻͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͪ;ΒͰͯ͸;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͪͶͳΔͰ͸Ͱͬ͹ΌͰͱͰͶͰͯͪΒͰͺͻͰͷͰͼͽͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;i
̽ͪͫͳͽͪ͵ͬͪͲͰͷΓͪ ͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ΃ͳͲ͹ͿͰ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ t;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͻͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͶͪ ͼͬ͹Β
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽi ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ ͺͻͰͷ͎ͪͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸; ͳͼͺ;͸ͳͽͻͳͬͻͶ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͪͳ;
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪt͈ͻͬ͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪͲͰͷΓͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳ
;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸͹ͯͪͺ͹ͯͻͱͳͽ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͪͻͯͪͫ;ͯͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪͼͪͻͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ
ͼͪΔͰͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͋ͻͰΕͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͪ ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͼͶ;
΂ͪΒͰͬͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͬ͹Γ͸ͳͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳͽͪi͋ͪ͵ͪͬͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳͽͼͽͬͪͳͻͰͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͻͪΔͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒͪ͸ΒͰ ͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸
ͽͰtͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͫ͹Ͷͪ͸i ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃͎ͪͬͪͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸̸Ͷͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹͹͸
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹Ϳͳͻͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪ ͲͪͽͻͰΕͳ ;ͼͶ͹ͬ ͯͪͽͪ͵ͬͪͺ͹΁Ͱͺͪ͸ͪͲͰͷΓͪ
͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪͽͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼtͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͺͰ͹i ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸
ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͷͰͻͳͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪΒͰͼ;͉;ͼͳΒͪ ͋;ͻͼ͵ͪ ͅͰ͵ͼͳ͵͹ͳͯͻ
͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͻͪΔͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳͽͪ ͸ͪ΃ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳ ͭͰ͹
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻ ͅͳͶ͹ͷͳͻ ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͯ͹ͺ;Δͪͬͪ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͽͲͬ ͻͪͼͽͻͲͪ͸Ͱ
ͲͰͷΓͰ Ͳͪ ͵͹Β; ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ ͯͪ tͳͷͪ ΒͰͯ͸; ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸; ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ
ΒͰͯ͸͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͪͶͳΔͰ͸ͪͰͶͳͽͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͯͪΒͰͪͷͺ;ͽͳͻͪͳͲͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͷͳ΁ͳͶ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͷͰͼͽͳ;ͯͻ;ͭ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;i͌͸;ͽͪͻͽͪ͵͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪ͸ͰͻͪͼͽͻͲͪ͸ͰͲͰͷ
ΓͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͽͰtͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ;ΕͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ
ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ ͬ͹Όͪ ͽͰ ͵ͶͳͲͪΔͰ ; ͼͽͪΔͰ ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱ ͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒͰi ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͳͷͰͻͳͲͪ͹ͬͪΒͽͳͺͲͰͷͪΓͪͫͳͶͰͫͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ; ̻ͻ΂͵ͪ ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͪ ̻ͻ;ͲͳΒͪ
͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
͆ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͬͪΒ͸ͳͲͬͪͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͯͪͽͰ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ ;ͼ;Ό;ΒͰͷ͹
ͼͰͯͪͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳͷ͹Β͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͽͲͬͻͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸;ͲͰͷΓ;͇ͬͪΒͷ͹ͯͰͶͫͳͼͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹
͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶͺ͹΁Ͱͺͪ͸ͰͳͻͪͼͽͻͲͪ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ;͵;ͺ͸ͪͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪ͸ͽͪͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ
͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪΒͰͯͰ͹tͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͯ;ͭ͹ͭͽͻͪΒͪΔͪi ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ΁ͳͶ͸Ͱ͹Ͷ͹΃-ͰͶͳͽͰ 3
͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͽͳͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͲͰͷΓͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͬ͹ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͲͳ
Βͪ ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͯͳͻͪΔͰ ΔͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͌ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͻͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͫͳ
ͫͳ͹͵ͻͪΒΔͳͳͼ΀͹ͯ ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͰͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͲͳΒͰ ͵͹Β͹Β
͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͺͻ;ͱͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽͪ͸ ͳ ͱͳͶͪͬ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;Ͳͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͲͰͷΓͰͫͳͶͪͫͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
3
͆ͪͺ͹ͶͰ͹͸ͳ ͼͽͻ
246
̸͉̹͈͉͇͊́͌͠͏̸͈̾͊́͆̾͌͊̾͑͆̾ͅt̸̺͉͇͈̾̾́̀͏́̾͠i ̸́̈́́̽̈́́͊͌
̸͇͉̽̾͆́̀ͅ͏̸̸̸̸͈͇͈͈͉͇́́̀̽͐̾̾́͊͋́͢͢͠͏̾͊́
͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͰͬͰΕͯͬͪͬͰ͵ͪ;͸ͪͲͪͯ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͇ͬͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͼ;ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪXIX ͬͰ͵ͪ
͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ tͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰi ͳ ;Ͳ ͷ͸͹ͭͰ ͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͰ ͳ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ;ͯͪͻͰͽͻͪΒ;ͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭͯͪ͸ͪ ̽Ͱͼͺ͹ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇͸ͳͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͺͻͳͶͳ
ͬ͹ͷ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀͊ͻͫͪͳͲͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ ̸;ͼͽͻ͹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͽͲͬ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪͻͳ
;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͪͺͪͻͪͽͳͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ
΁ͳΒ;̓͸ͰͱͰͬͳ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͲͪͽͳͷ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͳͼ;ͯͼ͵;ͬͶͪͼͽ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ;ͬͳ΃ͰͽͪͶͪͼͪ
ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵͹ͷ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͷͶͪͯͰͱͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪͶͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳͷ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͪͽ͹ͭͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ́ΒͰͯ͸ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͪ͵ͪ
ͯͰͷͼ͵͹ͭ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱ ͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͫͳ͹ ;
ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹Β͹ͺͻͰ΁ͳͼ;ͬͻͰͱͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͪͷͪͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪͼͶͰ
ΌͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͯ;ͭͳ΀ͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͰͼ͸ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͷͳͼͳͽ͸͹ͼ͹ͺͼ
ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͷ ̺ͳͬͳΒͪ͸ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͽ͹ͭͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͺͪ͵
ͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳͳͲ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͻͪ͸ͰΕͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͰͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͰ
Ͷͳͼͽ͹ͷͫͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͳͷͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͽ͹΂ͪ͵ ͲͪͷͪΒͪ΁ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬ͹Βͼ͵ͪ ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͳͼͶ
ͳͳͷͪͶͪΒͰͽͻͳͼͬ͹ΒͪͭͶͪͬ͸ͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ
͇͸ͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͳ ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ ͼͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͈ͻͬ͹ t͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰͷͪ͸΁ͳͺͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ; ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͳ ͽͻͰΕͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͹ͯͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻͳͲͷͪͳͶͳ΂͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ
͵ͪͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰi ̽Ͱͼͺ͹ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͆͹ ͹ͬͯͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͬͪͱ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ̽ͪͶͳͼ;͹ͬͳ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ΒͰͻΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͪtͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪi;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͬͻͪͽͪ
;XX ͬͰ͵; ;Ͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͻͪͲͭͻͪΌͳͬͪͶͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
;͵;ͺͪ͸ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͳͳΔͰ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͺͻͰ͹ͫ
ͻͪΕͰΔͰͳͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵ͳͲΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͻ;ͭͪ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ ́ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͽͰ ͯͪͶͳΒͰͽͪ͵ͪͬͻͪͯͳ͵ͪ
Ͷͪ͸Ͳͪ͹͵ͻͰͽͲͪͳͼͽͪͫͳ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸ ΒͰͻ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͪ
Ͷͪ͸;ͱ͸͹ͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;ΔͰ͸͹ͭ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͯͪͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͌͹ͼͽͪ
Ͷ͹ͷ ͹͸ΒͰͬͰΕ΀ͳΓͪͯ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ;ͳͽ͹ͷͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ;͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ͸ͰͼͪͭͶͪͼΒ;ͼͪ
͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ 4 ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͳͲͬͰͼ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ; ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͵͹ͯ; ¢ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͸ͳͼ; ͫͳͶͰ
ͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸Ͱ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ; ͹ͫͲͳͻ ;Ͳͷ; ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͸;ͽͪͻ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͳ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͲΔͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͳͶͪͲͰ ͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪtͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪi ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ ͼͽ͹ͭͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ
ͳͲͺ͹ΓͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ6 ͹͸ͪΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ
4
t̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪΒͰͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ͋͹ΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͻͰΕͳ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ̓ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ͹ͯͬͪΒͪΔͰͷ͹ͯ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷi ͪͅͲ;ͻ͵ͳΒͰͬͳ΂ ͼͽͻ

t͇΃ͽͻͳ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͼͺͻͳ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪͼͰͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͬͰͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͰͷͪͼͰ ͳͷͪΒ;
ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵; ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ;͸;ͽͻͪ ͵ͻ;ͽ͹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ; ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͺ͹Γͪ ͯͪ Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ; Ϳͻ͹͸ͽ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒi ̽ͳ͸΁ͰͶͫͪ΀Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ

6
t̻Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ΒͰ ;ͬͰ͵ ͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͫ͹ͻͳ ͼͪ ͬͳΌͰΔͳͷͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͵ͪ͹ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͪ ;
͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ; ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ;Ͳ
247
ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͳͼͪ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͯ͹ͭͷͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸; ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͺͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰ Ͱ͵Ͷͳͼͳ͹
Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
ͬͰΕͳͲ͵ͻ;ͭͪͰ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪ ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͪ ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ ͳ ̸͊̽
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ tͳͪ͵͹
͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͵͹͸ͽͳ
͸Ͱ͸ͽ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͼͽͪͬ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ
ͼͪͷ͹ ; Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ
ͼͽͻ

͌ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͽ͹ΒͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͽͳͺͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ̸͊̽ͳͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͳͲͷͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹
͵͹ΒͰͭ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε̸͇͆͋ͺͪ͵ͽͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;ͳ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͺͪͻͽ
͸ͰͻͰͳͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͇͸ͳͬͰ΃ͽ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ;͸;ͽͪͻ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͻ;ͭͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͯͪͫͳͭͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͶͳͺ͹Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͯͰͼͰ
͸ͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͵ͻͪΒ; ͸ͪ΃Ͷͪ ͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͪ ͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ7 ͋;Ͱ͵Ͷͳͼͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͻͰͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͳͼ;ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͪͺͻͰ
ͼͬͳ΀̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͯͪͫͳΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͳͬͰΕ
ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭ ͊ͰͷΒ;ͰͶͪ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪ t̹ͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͱͰͽͪ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͹ ̀ͪͺͪͯ; ̀ͪͺͪͯ ΒͰ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸; ͳ ͠;ͱ͸; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ̺ͰͶͳ͵; ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹ ͳ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͰ͊͵ͪ͸ͯͳ͸ͪͬͳΒͰ ͳͼͪͼͬͳͷͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸͹͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ̽ͻͱͪͬͰͳ̓ͪ͸ͪͯ;i ͅͳ͸͵ͶͰͻ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪΒͫ͹ΓͳͺͻͳͷͰͻtͼ;ͯͫͳ͸Ͱi ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ
͵ͻ͹ͲͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͰ̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͰͳ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͈ͻͳͷΓͰ͸Ͱͼ;;̾͌ͳ̸͇͆͋ͺͪ͵ͽ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͳͲͼͽͻͪ
ͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;ͽ͹ͭͯͰͶͪ
͉ͳͷͶͪ͸ͯͪ ͵ͪ͵͹͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;Ͳ͹͸ͳ͏ͻ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪͳͅͰͯͳͽͰͻͪ͸ͪ ΒͰͻͼͰͽͳͷͰ͸ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ͸
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͫͪͻͪͱͳͻͪΒ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ͉;ͼͳΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͽͰ
ͲͰͷΓͰͼ;ͺͻͳͷΓͰ͸Ͱ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͬ͹Β͸ͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͬͪͱ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ͪͶͳͼͪͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͹ͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͪ;ͽͼͪΒͯͰͻͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͯ͹ͱͳͬ
ΓͪͬͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪͬͻͼͽͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͪ͸͹ͷͪͶͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͳͼͽͻͺͰͽͳͲͫ͹ͭΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋͹͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͅͳͶ͹ͷͳͻ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͳͯ;Εͳͽͻͪͭ͹ͷͼͪͷ͹ͭ
͊ͰͷΒ;ͰͶ͎ͪͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪ8 tͪͅͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͪͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ͉ͪ;ͷ;͸ͳΒͰͳ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ;̸͇͆͋ͳ̾͌ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹
͸ͰͽͰ͵͹ͬͳ͸ͰͯͳͬΓͰͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹-Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ͷͪͼ͹
ͬ͸ͪͰͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰΒͪ΂ͪΒ;
ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪ͋;ͼͰ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͪ͸ͳ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͯͲ͸ͪ͵’΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ’ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹ͳͲ͸ͪͲͳͬͪi ̽ͰΒͬͳͼ ͼͽͻ

7
t͈͹΂ͳΔ;Εͳ ͸ͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ; ͹͸ͪ ͳͯͰ ͯ;ͱ ͹͸͹ͭͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͼͪͯͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͍ͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͳ ̹ͪͶͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ̾ͼͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ ̈́ͪͽͬͳΒͰͳ̈́ͳͽͬͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͳ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͵ͻ͹ͲͲͪͺͪͯ͸;̹ͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼͳΒ; ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸; ͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;Εͳ;͸ͳΒͪͽͰ
͹ͯ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒ; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͋ͻͪ͸ͼͳͶͬͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪ ΔͰ͸ͳͷ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͷͪΌͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͳ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸; ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ; ͯ;ͱ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹Βͪ ͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒ; ͳ
͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵;͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͹ͬͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͼͰͺ͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪͼͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͷ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;̸;ͼͽͻ͹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͳ͇ͽ͹ͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ͋͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ;ͺ͹ͼͽ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷ
ͼͬͰͽ;, ͽ͹ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪi ͎ͪ͸ͽͳͭ͸ͽ͹͸ ͼͽͻ

8
t̸͵͹ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͳͷͪ ͹ͬͪ͵͹ ͹ͯͫ͹Βͪ͸ ͼͽͪͬ ͺͻͰͷͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹Β ̻ͻ΂͵͹Β ΂ͳΒͪ ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ
͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͽͰͷͰΓ ͳ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ΁ͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ ͺ͹ͽ͹ΔͰ ͬͰͲͰ ͼͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͹ͷ ͼ; ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ
͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͯͪ Ͷͳ ͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͯͪ Β͹΃ Ͷ͹΃ͳΒͳ ͽͻͰͽͷͪ͸ ͼͶͰͯͳ ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͳ ͳ ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹Βi
͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͼͽͻ

248
ͪ͸ͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͻͰͬ͹ͶͽΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͶͳͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;ͯͪͼ;͹ͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭ͸͹̻ͻ΂͵͹Β ͪ͸͹ͷͪͶͳΒͪ ͺͻͪ
ͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͪ;ͽͼͪΒͯͰͻͳ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪi ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͷ ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸Ͱ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ ͲͪͼͰ΁ͪΒ; ; ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼ
΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͭ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͽ͵ͳͬͪ ͳͲ͸ͰͯͻͳͶͰͼ;͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯ͸ͰͺͻͰͷ͹ͼͽͳͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ ͸ͳͬͰͶͳ΃;Εͳͳ ͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃;Εͳͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͶ͹
ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͰͺͪͻͪͽ;ͷͪ ͊ͻͫͳ ͉;ͼͳ
̻ͻ΁ͳ ͉;ͷ;͸ͳ ̹;ͭͪͻͳ ͳ ͯͻ
͋ͳͷͰ ΒͰ ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͽͲͬ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͪͰ͵ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂
͸͹ͼͽ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͹͵͹Β͹Βͺͳ΃Ͱ͎ͰͻͿͻͳͯͅͳ͸͵ͶͰͻ ͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͬͰΕ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺ;ͽͪ͹ͯͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪͪ͸ͽͳ͵Ͱͺͪ
ͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͷͰͻͪͶͪͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ͹ͼͬ͹ͷͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ;ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͹̸ͯͻͳͼͽ͹ͽͰͶͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
̻ͻ΂͵;͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹͵ͪ͹tͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ̸ͲͳΒͰi ͺͪͺͻͰ͵͹͉ͳͷͪ ̸ͽͳ͸Ͱͳ͠Ͱͻ;
ͼͪͶͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ tͽͻͳ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͪ ͷͰͼͽͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͪ ͉ͳͷ ͵ͪ͹ ͳͲͬ͹ͻ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͳ
ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪ ̸ͽͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷ ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͰ ͳ ͠Ͱͻ;ͼͪͶͳͷ ͵ͪ͹ Ϳ͹͵;ͼ
ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰi ͅͳ͸͵ͶͰͻ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͼ;Β͹΃ΒͰͯ͸ͪΒͪͼ͸ͪͺ͹ͽ
ͬͻͯͪ ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͪͭͪΔ; ;͸;ͽͪͻͼͪͷͰ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ΂ͳΒͳ ͼͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͳͲͬͳ΃Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ9 ̸t̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͲͪ͸ͪͼͲͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͭͰ͹
ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹Βͪͷ͌ͳͼͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͳ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;
΂ΒͰͼͬͰͽͪ ͳͶͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ
͸Ͱͭ͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;Ͱͺ͹΀;;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰΒͪͬͳ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ
͸ͪͲͬͪ͸Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋͹ΒͰͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͻͰͪͶ͸ͳΒͰΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͶͳͷͳͽ;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͪ
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͷ͹ ͳͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳͷ͹
ͳͶͳ͸Ͱi ̺ͳͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ;͸;ͽͪͻ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͳͼͰͫͳ΂͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͪͷ͹Εͳ ͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͷͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͷ͹ͼͽͳͬͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ
;͸;ͽͪͻ ΔͰ ͼͪͷͰ ͐ͪ͵ ͸ͳ ͼͪͷ ̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͳͪ͵͹ ͭ͹ͻΓͳͬͳ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ͵ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵;ͯͪͽ͹ͷͪͻ͵ͳͻͪ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸;t;Ͳ;ͻͺͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰi. 10
͇ͽ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳͳ̺̾ͶͪΒ͵ͳt͆ͰͼͷͳΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͳͷͰ Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͽͳͯͪΒͰΒ;ͯͰ͹͵ͻ΃Εͪ͸ͼ
ͽͬ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻͼͬͰͭͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹ͭ;͸;ͽͪͻ ͳ͹ͯ
͸ͪ΃Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͺͻͬ͹ͷͻͰͯ;ͷͳͼͶͳ
ͼͰ͸ͪͷ͹ΒͼͳΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͪͶ ͸ͪ̓ͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ ͸ͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪ
ͺͻͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰ͵ͻ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸Ͱ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ͋ͰͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ͼͰͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;͵͹͸ͽͻͪͬͰͻͲ͸;ͺͻͪ͵ͼ;̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͵͹Βͪ ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ; ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪi ̺ͶͪΒ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ

͌͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͽͪ͵ͬͪ ͳͼͿ͹ͻͼͳͻͪ͸ͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ;͸;ͽͪͻ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͭ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪ ͊ͬͰ ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳͭ͸ͽ͹͸; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
ͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ;ͳ͵͹͸ͲͳͼͽͰ͸ͽ͸;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ͵͹Βͪ;ͼͰͫͳͳͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
ͪͶͳ ͹͸Ͱ ͸ͳͼ; ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͳͼͪ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͫͳ ΒͰ ͯͰͶͳͶͰ ͸ͪ ͯͬͰ ͳͶͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ
9
t̓͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͪ
͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ͈͉ͪ́̾́̾͠ͅ ͏̸͉̾͆͋ ͈͉̺̺́͊̾͋
͈͉͍͉̾́̾́̾͠ͳ̸̈́́̾͊ͅ ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ͹ͬ;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;
͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪ͸ͽ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹-ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹-΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹-ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ͹ͯͻͳͷͼ͵ͰͳͬͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͼ͵ͰͰͺ͹΀Ͱͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼi ͉ͪͯ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ
2008, ͼͽͻ

10
t<> ; ΃ͳͻͰͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ΒͰ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͳͶͪͲͳ ͳͲ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͱͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼ͉ͪͳͷ͹ͷͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰͷ̸Ͷͳ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳ̺ͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒ;ͳΔͰ͸Ͱ͉;ͼ͵Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ<>;
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͬͻͰͷͰ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ;Ͳ;ͻͺͳͻͪͶͪΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ’̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰi ̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ

249
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͳ͸ͯ;͵͹ͬͪ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;͸;ͽͪͻ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͸ͳͼ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͯͪͫͳ͸;ͱ͸͹ͭͰ͸Ͱ
ͻͳͼͪͶͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵;ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͰ͵Ͷͳͼͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹-͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵
ͽͰͻͪ
͉Ͱ΂ΒͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹͹ΒͰͯ͸͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹Βͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͹͸ͪͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͳͲͺͰͻͼͺͰ
͵ͽͳͬͰͳ;ͭͶͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪ
͵͹Β;ΒͰͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ͹ͳͯͳͲͪΒ͸ͳ
ͻͪ͹;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ ͳͼ͵͹ͺͪͬ΃ͳͽͪ͵͹ͬͰͶͳ͵;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹
Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͺͻ͹ͬͪͶͳΒ; ;͸;ͽͪͻ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͬͰͽ͇ͪ͸ͪΒͰͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ;ͼͶ;ͱͫͳ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ
ͼͰͫͳ΂͸Ͱͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͪt̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ
ͼͰͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͽͪͷ͹ͭͯͰͼͰͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͳͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͳͼͶͪͷͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ͋͹ΒͰ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͵͹Βͳ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͳͱͰͶͰͯͪ΂;Β; ͵͹Βͳ͹͸ͳ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͪͬͪΒ;TPUUPWPDF ͳ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͬ͹ΌͰͰ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;i ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͼͽͻ

̀ͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͬͪͲͪͶ͸Ͱ͹Ͷ͹΃-ͰͶͳͽͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳͬͳͯͳͷͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͰͷΓͰ
͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͰͼͰͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΂Ͱ Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ͷͰ͸
ͽ͹ͻͪͳͲͪͻͪͯͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͆ͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͫͪͲͳͻͪͶͳ͸ͪͼ;ͻ͹ͬ;ͳͼͽ͹
ͻͳΒͼ͵;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪ͸ͪͽͲͬ̀ͪͺͪͯ;͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪͯͬͪͬͰ͵ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͰͬͻ͹ͼͽͻͪͯͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪ ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͸ͪͷͰͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ΃; ; ͼͬ͹Β ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ͷͪ ΃ͽͪ ͹͸ ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹
t͆ͳΒͰͯͪ͸͹Ϳͳ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͳͲ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͯͪͶͳͼͽͳͱͰͼͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳͶͳ
̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ <> ͈ͻͰͺ;΃ͽͰ͸ͪ ͼͪͷͪ ͼͰͫͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͺ͹ΓͰ ͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰΕͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹ͽ͵;ͼ;ͻͳͬͪ
Δͪͳͼ;ͻ͹ͬͰͼͺ͹Γ͸͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͭͻͰͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀i ̽Ͱͼͺ͹ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͻͰͯ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͷ͹Εͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͰ
ͫ͸͹ ͸Ͱ΂ͪͼ͸; ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ; ͼͬͳͷ ͽͳͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳ ͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͳͷͪͶͪΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪ͹Ͷ͹΃-ͰͶͳͽͪ͌ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ΒͬͰͻͲͳΒͳ͹ͬͰͼͪͭͰ ͹͸ͪͼͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͳͲͰͷ͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͽͪ
ͬͳͶͪ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ;ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵;ͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ;Ͳͪͼͬ͹Β;ͲͰͷΓ;ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ– Ϳͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͰͬͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪt͆ͪ΃;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ΒͰͲͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͼͳͽ;
ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹ΒͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͽͪ͹ͳͲͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͽͲͬͰͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰ
ͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͽͳͷͰͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͹ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒ;;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ̓͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͪͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͽͰͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͫͻͱͰͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭ;ͻͪΒ;͊ͻͫͳΒ;;ͽͲͬ
ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͪ͵͹ͽ͹͸ͰͱͰͶͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͵ͻͳΒ;Εͳ
ͼͰͳͲͪͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͬ͹Β͸͹Β͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ΃ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͇ͬͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰ;ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸ͳΒͪΒͰͻ͸ͰͷͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͳͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷͼ͵͹;ͺ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰ;͹ͯͶ;΁ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰi ̽Ͱͼͺ͹ͽ͹
ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
t̺ͰΕͳͯͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͰͼͽͪͫͶͳ΃ͷͰ͸ͽͪͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹
ΌͰΔ;ͫͰͲͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ΒͰͯͪͲͪͽͪΒ
΁ͳΓͱͻͽͬ;ΒͰ΂ͪ͵ͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͲͰͷΓͰͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͳͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ͸
ͯͰ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͰͺͻ;ͱͪͺͪͼͳͬͪ͸ͳͶͳͪ͵ͽͳͬͪ͸͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͈͹ͽ͹ͷ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͻͰͲ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹͹ͯͫͳΒͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸
ͬͰͻͲͳΒͰi ͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ ͷ͹ͻͪͼͰͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳ ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪͷ͹ͼͰͿͪ͸ͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͷͬ͹Γ͹ͷͯ͹ͷͳ΁ͳͶ͸Ͱ͹Ͷ͹΃-ͰͶͳͽͰ
ͯͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͺͻͰ;ͲͰͽͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰ ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱ͵͹Β;ͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͻͪͲͪ
ͼͬ͹Βͯ͹ͶͪͲͪ͵͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͽͻͪͭͳ΂͸ͳΒͳ΀Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͺ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͊ͻͫͪ ͵͹ΒͳͬͰΕ
͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͳͲͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ̾͌ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͵ͪ͹͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲ͉͊

͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ Ϳ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͯͪͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͫͪͲͳ΂͸͹ͭ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ͌͸ͳΒͳt̾͌ΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼͬͰͬͻͰͷͰͬ͹ͯͳͶͪͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸
ͽ͸ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͻͪͽ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͈͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΓ;ͼͬͪ
ΒͪΔͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͪ͹ͷͪͶ͹ͬͪͱͪͬͪͶͳͳͻ;ͭͪͶͳͼͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹Βͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪi ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
ͅ͹ͱͯͪΒͰ;Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͻͪͯͪ͹͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰͭ͹ͫ͸͹Βͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲ͸͹ΒͽͰͷͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃
͵ͳͳͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͪΒ;ͺ;ͽ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͭ͊ͰͷΒ;ͰͶ͎ͪͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹
Ͱ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹ͳͼͪͺ͹ͬͰΕ͹ͷͯ͹Ͳ͹ͷͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ΁ͳ͸ͳͲͷͪͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸;ͯͳͶͰͷ;̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͵ͪ͵
ͬͳͼ;ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪͳͳͼ΀͹ͯͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪͷͰͻͪͳͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪͯͪͼͬ͹Β;ͲͰͷ
Γ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͯͳͻͪΒ;ͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͶͳͻͪΒ;;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵ͻ;ͭ t͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͬ͹ΌͰ
ͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸Ͱͪͻ͹ͭͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷͺ͹͸͹ͼ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͰͷͳͼͶͰͯͪͷ͹ͭ;Ϳ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͯͪͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͼͬ͹
Βͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͹ͼ;ΌͰ͸Ͱͼ;͸ͪ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͯͪͅͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ;ͬͰͯ;ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͹͸ͳ͸ͳͼ;;
ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͸;ͳͶͳͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳ΃;͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͇ͪͫͻ
͸;ͽ͹ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ ͬͳͻ;ͼ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ;͸ͰͼͰ͸ ; ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͽͰ΃͵͹ ͭͪ ΒͰ ͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͽͳ ̺ͳͻ;ͼ ΒͰ
͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ͸ ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͰͿͪͽͪͶͪ͸ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͽͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ ͪͶͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳ͹͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͬ͹ΌͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͺͻͪͬͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪΒ͹Β;ͽͰ͵͸;͇͸ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͺ͹΁Ͱͺͪ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͹͸ͳ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽ͇ͬͪ͸ͳͳ͸Ϳͳ΁ͳͻͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͲͰͷΓ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͼ΀ͳͲ͹ͿͻͰ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪΒͰΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪi ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͼͽͻ

͇ͬ͹;ͫͰͯΓͳͬ͹ͳͼ;ͻ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹Βͪͼͪ͸ΒͰͯ͹͵ͪͲ͹ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͳͺ͹΁Ͱͺͪ͸ͳ΀ ͻͪͼͽͻͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳ
ͻͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͱͻͽͬͰͲͪͫͶ;ͯͪͳ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸ͳ΀
ͰͶͳͽͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹Β͵͹͸ͬͰͻͲͳΒͳ̸Ͷͳ ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͷͼͰΒ͹΃ͳͬͳ΃Ͱͫͻ;ͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳ ͵͹Βͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸;Ͳͻͪ΂ͰͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂
͸͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭΒͰͲͭͻͪ ͷͪͷͰΕͳͷͪͶͰͲͰͷΓͰ;͹ͺͪͼ͸;Ͳ͹͸;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͻͪͯͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ͢ͳ΀͹ͬtͺͻͳͷͪΓͳͬͼΒͪΒi͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰΒͰͲͪͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪ͸tͯ͹ͫͻͳͷ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͷͪiͳͷ͹ͱͰͽͪ͵ͬͰ
ͲͰͷΓͰͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͯͪ;ͬͰͯͰ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸;ͬͰͻͲͳΒ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͻ͹ͺͼͽͬͪ͌ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͼͪͭͶͰ
ͯͪ͸͹ͳ͸ͪ΃Ͱtͯ;ͭ͹ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͠Ͱͬͻ͹ͺ;i ͷ͹ͱͰͽͻͪΒͪͽͳtͫͰͼ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹i ͳͲͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪΒͰͻͼͰͳ
͸Ͱͷͪ͵;ͯͪ ͹ͽͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ11 ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ ͼͷ͹ͬͰΕ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͳ͸΀ͰͻͰ͸ͽ͸ͳͯͰ͹ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͹ͯ
ͼͬ͹ͭͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ̹ͳΕͰͯͪΒͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͽͪ͵͹Βͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͬͰΕ Ͷ;ͽͪ Ͳͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͷ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ΁ͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰͷ ͪͅΒ͸΀͹Ϳ ;͋ͻͳ
ͪ͸ͯͪͿͳͶͳͯ; ͼͽͻ
͆ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ; ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͺ͹ͼͽ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͿͪͲͳ ͵͹Β; ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪ
ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͪͯͰ΀ͻͳͼͽͳΒͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΔͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͺͻͪͬ͸͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒ͹΃;
;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͳͲͪͅͼͽͻͳ΀ͽͪ
11
͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͰ͵ͪ͹͊ͬͰͽ͹Ͳͪͻͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ tͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͬͻͽͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͻͪͽ;i ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͽͻ͹΃ͰΕͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͳΒ; ͳͼ΁ͻͺΓ;Β;ΕͳͼͰͬͰΕͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹͹͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͪͯͪͶͳΒͰͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͯͰ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ̸͹͸ͪΒͰ
ͽ͹ͫͳͶͪͽͪͷͪ͸ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ;ͻͪͲ͸ͳͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪΔͰ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ΀ͽͰͶͪͯͪΒ͹ΒͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͪ
ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͼͰͫͳ΂͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͅͰͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ̀

̺ͰͶͳ͵ͪ΃ͪ΀͹ͬͼ͵ͪͽͪͫͶ͈ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ͏́̽
̺ͳͯ͹ͬͳΕ ̿
͇ͭͶͰͯͳ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊ͬͪͳͻ͹ͼ
̺ͳͬͳΒͪ͸ ͎
͊ͰͻͫͳΒͪ ͻͪΒͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵
̺ͶͪΒ͵ͳ ̾
̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳͪ͸ͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳΘͳ΀̹ͪͯͰ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
̽ͰΒͬͳͼ ͆
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͆͹ͬͳ̺͊ͪͯͰͭͪͷͰͯͳΒͪ
̽ͳ͸΁ͰͶͫͪ΀Ͱͻ ͈
́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵
̽Ͱͼͺ͹ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͡
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰͬͰ͵ͪ͆͹ͬͳ͊ͪͯ͊ͽͳͶ͹ͼ
̻Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͯͰͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͰͷͼ͵ͳ̓ͪͻͶ͹ͬ΁ͳ̓ͪͳͻ͹ͼ
̓͹ͱͷͳΔͼ͵ͳ ͅ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵
ͅͳ͸͵ͶͰͻ ͎
͊ͳͶͪ;ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̸ͪͯͶͫͪͽͻ͹ͼ͈Ͷ;ͼ
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ̀
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ
͆ͪͺ͹ͶͰ͹͸ͳ ̈́
͇Ͷ͹΃Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ͎ͪͯͳͼͺͰͻͳͪ-Ͱͯ;
͉ͪͯ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵
͊ͽͰͺͳΕ ͅ
̻Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͳͯͰΒͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ Ͳͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ
͋ͻͳͪ͸ͯͪͿͳͶͳͯ; ̸
͋ͻͪ͸ͼ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Ͷͳ͹
͍;͵;Βͪͷͪ ͍
̓ͻͪΒͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵͈͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ͏́̽
͎ͪ͸ͽͳͭ͸ͽ͹͸ ͊
͊;͵͹ͫ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͈ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ͏́̽

-+6#*»".%&410507*Ƃ
i5)&-0/(30"%50&6301&u)6/5*/(50/4.0%&-0'
A DISTRACTED STATE ࡳ 5)&$"4&0'4&3#*"

SUMMARY
The main target of the globalization process in the last three decades has been a modern nation-state.
As a result of this kind of practice, national state sovereignty, territories, economic activity and particularly its
identity are disputed. In UIJTQBQFS XFXJMMFTQFDJBMMZEFBMXJUIUIFSFTFBSDIPG)VOUJOHUPOhTNPEFMPGBEJs-
tracted state that in the context of globalization conflicts, caused by religious differences and interests, further
destroys its institutional structure and national identity as a requirement of the total civilization transcoding
of citizens and their identity, which should, according to desires or intentions of their political elite, carry out
the transition from one to another civilization. Therefore, our research in the paper will be particularly fo-
cused on examining this fashion, precisely in the case of Serbia, which has been wandering for two centuries
POiJUT&VSPQFBOQBUIuJOJUTEFMBZFEQSPDFTTPGNPEFSOJ[JOH JOUIFBUUFNQUUPDIBOHFJUTDJWJMJ[BUJPOBMDPEF
or geopolitical identity. The paper will also explore the wider geopolitical context of the indicated process of
globalization, with a particular emphasis on the current civilizational conflict and the consequences it pro-
duces.
,&:803%4 Serbia, modernization, a distracted state, identity, geopolitics.

."3*+"7%3",6-074,"ƀ6,"-&74,"1
"/*$"7%3"(07*Ƃ2
Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Sociology
Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
(-0$"-*;"5*0/74(30#"-*;"5*0/",&:
$)"--&/(&'03$0/5&.103"3:40$*0-0(:
A#453"$5 In this paper, we analyze the explicative power and the practical relevance of two theoretical
perspectives which are of utmost importance for more adequate understanding of our situation and our pre-
EJDBNFOUJOUIFNPEFSOXPSME͋IFGJSTUPOFJTUIFUIFPSZPGHMPDBMJ[BUJPOXIJDISFGFSTUPUIFuNJYPGHMPCBM
BOEMPDBMu 3PCFSUTPO 3PVEPNFUPG 3JU[FS
"DDPSEJOHUP3PCFSUTPO Q
28), the concept of glocalization in business life originated from micro-marketing, more precisely from the
advertisement of goods and services in various local environments and markets. It is a known strategy of the
capitalistic system in which there is an increased adjustment of global markets to local markets and cultures or
iHMPCBMMPDBMJ[BUJPOu in the opinion of Robertson (Robertson, 1992, p. 173).3POBME3PCFSUTPO QQ-
466), referring to the relation between the global and the local, points out the mixture of the global and the
local in various geographical areas, from which the process of glocalization comes out.
The second one is the theory of grobalization which refers to the imperialistic ambitions of nations, cor-
porations, organizations, and the like, while their desire indeed need to impose themselves on various geo-
graphic areas 3JU[FS Q
5IFUFSNJNQMJFTUIBUUIFTFFOUJUJFTTFFLUPIBWFUIFJSQPXFS JOGMVFODF BOE
in many cases profits HSPw (hence the term HSPbalization). The term was created as a counterpart to glocaliza-
UJPO PSiUIFJOUFSQFOFUSBUJPOPGUIFHMPCBMand the local, resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic
BSFBTu 3JU[FS Q

,&:803%4 globalization, glocalization, grobalization, global-local, global society.
*/530%6$5*0/
Considering many research papers in the field of sociology, it can be noted that there are intensive
discussions regarding globalization. To begin with, globalization usually refers to the world condensa-
tion and intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole (Robertson, 1992, p. 8). Namely,
1
marijad@fzf.ukim.edu.mk
2
anica.dragovikj@fzf.ukim.edu.mk

%3",6-074,"ƀ6,"-&74," %3"(07*ſGlocalization vs. GSPCBMJ[BUJPOBLFZ challenge...
that consciousness has been increasing more and more and the chance for the world to be reproduced
as a unique has been growing. That awareness is built on the basis of experience which is a result of the
intensification of the world as a whole, and also a consequence of the globalization. Anthony Gidens
Q
FNQIBTJ[FTUIBUHMPCBMJ[BUJPOJTJOUFOTJGJDBUJPOPGXPSMEXJEFTPDJBMSFMBUJPOTXIJDIMJOL
distant localities in a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and
vice versa. This is a dialectical process because such local happenings may move in an obverse direction
GSPNUIF WFSZEJTUBODFESFMBUJPOTUIBUTIBQFUIFNuThat is exactly the process that strengthens the
conscience of the world, suggests George Ritzer. )FQBSUJDVMBSMZFNQIBTJ[FTUIFFYJTUFODFPGUIJTDPn-
science of the world, which occurs as a result of diffusion and dissemination practices, expansion of
relations across the continents, organization of the social life on a global level (Ritzer, 2007, p. 4). Some
authors emphasize globalization as HMPDBMJ[BUJPO while others consider globalization as HSPCBMJ[BUJPO.
Glocalization and grobalization are central issues of contemporary sociology. They are directly re-
lated to the processes of globalization that are essential features of the social life. Glocalization and gro-
balization, as social terms, are two sides of these processes. Many sociological thinkers agree with the
opinion that glocalization and grobalization are a result of processes of globalization, which contain a
dose of uncertainty within their specific meaning and doubt regarding their content, whose conse-
quences are pretty uneven. According to numerous scholars, globalization seems to be the main cause
of uncertainty. It is precisely this uncertainty which in turn brings about the erosion of culture includ-
ing cultural values. Therefore, in this context, the concepts of glocalization and grobalization are con-
sidered separately, because they are mutually exclusive in terms of having certain rivalry between them.
These conflicting trends and contradictions became the main theoretical concern of a multitude of
social science domains, and the concepts put forward by these schools of thought became academic
and media buzzwords earlier in the 21st century.
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Namely, the concept of glocalization in business circles came out from micro- marketing, exactly
GSPNUIFNBSLFUJOHPGHPPETBOETFSWJDFTJOEJGGFSFOUMPDBMBSFBTBOENBSLFUT 3PCFSUTPO Q

That is a popular strategy of the capitalistic system in which there are more global markets adapted to
local markets and cultures or ‘global localization’ in the opinion of Robertson (1992, p. 173). The first
category, according to Robertson, refers to the local as a specific context that is part from the whole.
Glocalization is a unique concept for explaining the mutual existence of global and local, for which
Robertson suggests the idea of the integration of global and local. Yet, he adds that the process of glo-
calization originates from mixing of global and local on different geographic areas (Robertson, 2001,
QQ-466). Namely, his conception which is essential is the thesis that globalization is a universal
process which exists and functions with ‘mixing of the universal with particular and particular with
universal’ (Robertson, 1992, p. 100).
All these formulations make Robertson’s thesis on glocalization legitimate, although in &VSPQFBO
(MPDBMJ[BUJPOJO(MPCBM$POUFYU he retrospects Europeanization as glocalization notifying us that the

concept of the global is firm but flexible, in the sense that on occasion the global refers to the world as a
whole, although sometimes it refers to Europe as a continent. The same flexibility is applied to the
concept of the local. In other words, what is indicated as being local may also be a very large unit within
an even wider context. Globality and locality are relative terms (Robertson, 2014, p. 8). Still, the per-
spective of glocalization explains all challenges and discrepancies in modern society and culture. In that
sense, Robertson emphasizes that on the one hand, individuals and local groups adapt to the glocal
world, and, on the other hand, at the same time, they promote their own cultural specifications. There-
fore, there are cultural symbols which are glocal in regard to their content, due to which cultures be-
come glocal.
Moreover, Victor 3PVEPNFUPGHJWFTBHFOFSBMWJFXPGUIFEFGJOJUJPOTPGHMPDBMJ[BUJPO)FOPUJGJFT
that glocalization is explained in different ways in online dictionaries and encyclopaedias. According to
him, these definitions help capturing the meaning of HMPDBMas a word, and they are far less helpful in
clarifying glocalization as a concept (Roudometof, 2016, p. 4). The concept of Victor Roudometof is
presented in Table 1 (4).
5BCMF Definitions of glocalization
4PVSDF %FGJOJUJPO
www.oxforddictionaries.com/ The practice of conducting business according to
both local and global considerations
IUUQFOXJLJQFEJBPSH A term that describes the adaptation of
international products around the particularities
of a local culture in which they are sold
IUUQXXXXPSETQZDPN The creation of products or services intended for
the global market but customized to suit the local
culture
IUUQXXXCSJUBOOJDBDPN The simultaneous occurrence of both
universalizing and particularizing tendencies in
contemporary social, political, and economic
systems
IUUQXXXNBDNJMMBOEJDUJPOBSZDPN The process of changing products or services that
are sold all over the world to suit people in
different local markets
IUUQEJDUJPOBSZDBNCSJEHFPSH The idea that in globalization local conditions
must be considered
Indeed, many sociological thinkers from various disciplines are trying to explain the relation be-
tween the general and the specific that is the relation between the global, the systematic, on the one
hand, and the local, the particular, on the other hand. Some authors have an ambivalent point of view
regarding the conflicts among cultures. On the one hand, they emphasize the conflict between the
global and the local, between the universal and the particular, and, on the other hand, they indicate
their mutual interpenetration and operation.

The American theorist Benjamin Barber speaks about neoliberal globalization as a process that
encourages the conflict Jihad vs. McWorld, between the old sub-national and ethnic borders from
within, and the ideology of the universal markets. In Barber’s dichotomy, Jihad refers to those individ-
uals, institutions, cultures and value systems that perceive the ideology of globalization, and strongly
PQQPTF UIF IPNPHFOJ[BUJPO PG .D8PSME )F TFFT IPNPHFOJ[BUJPO BT DPMPOJ[BUJPO PG DVMUVSFT BOE
values of fast music, fast computers, fast food ࡳ MTV, Macintosh, McDonald's. This attitude is close to
UIBUPG)VOUJOHUPOTXIPJTBMTPJOUFSFTUFEJOUIFDPOGMJDUTJOUIFXPSMEBOEXIPTFFTUIFEJGGFSFODFT
CFUXFFOUIFWBMVFTZTUFNTPGJOEJWJEVBMDJWJMJ[BUJPOTVOJUT*TMBNBOE$ISJTUJBOJUZ BTBNBKPSTPVSDFPG
DPOGMJDUBOEEBOHFSGPSUIFOFXXPSME )VOUJOHUPO Q
)PXFWFS EFTQJUFUIFUFOTJPOTCe-
tween Jihad and McWorld, Barber (1996, p. 23) suggests that they are in a powerful and paradoxical
interdependence. Furthermore, some authors, like Bruce Mazlish, understand glocalization in the tune
XJUI1BSTPO UIBUJT CZFNQIBTJ[JOHJOUFHSBUJWFQSPDFTTFT)FFYQMBJOTUIBUiUIFHMPCBMDBOPOMZFYJTU
XJUIUIFMPDBMu .B[MJTI Q
5IFSFGPSF JOUIJTDPOUFYU UIFDPODFQUTPGUIFHMPCBMBOEUIFMPDBM
are not considered separately but together, because they are not mutually exclusive but mutually inter-
secting and cannot be separated from one another in terms of having a certain rivalry between them.
At the very beginning of their influential book "SUJDVMBUJOH UIF (MPCBM BOE UIF -PDBM, Douglas
,FMMOFSBOE"OO$WFULPWJDI Q
XSPUFUIBUiUIFHMPCBMBOEUIFMPDBMBSFBOBMZ[FEBTSFMBUJPO
between two macro and micro institutions through which the global, the regional and the local prob-
MFNTBSFSFTPMWFEu4FWFSBMZFBSTMBUFS XFSFDPHOJ[FUIis idea in the works of Beck who points out that
UIFNBYJNiUIJOLHMPCBMMZ BDUMPDBMMZuJTCFDPNJOHBSFBMJUZ)FDMBJNTUIBUJOUFSOBUJPOBMJOTUJUVUJPOT
and resolutions are becoming increasingly important. At the same time, there is this increasing belief
that nations can also be managed by international institutions, and not only by institutions at the na-
tional level. The foreign policy makers are beginning to think about various dimensions of military and
economic power, as well as the global issues such as human rights and refugee rights, corruption and
FOWJSPONFOUBMEJTBTUFST(MPCBMJ[BUJPO BDDPSEJOHUP#FDL Q
DIBOHFTPVSUIJOLJOHBOE JO
that context, refers to a new way of thinking in which there is no place for closed societies and cultures.
(30#"-*;"5*0/5)&03:
Grobalization was introduced by George Ritzer in his book (MPCBMJ[BUJPOPG/PUIJOH)FJTPOFPG
the leading theorists interested in globalization who pointed out the possibility of the existence of dif-
ferent and often contradictory theories on globalization. Most importantly, Ritzer observed the con-
temporary world through grobalization defining it as a growing worldwide ability of especially largely
DBQJUBMJTUJDPSHBOJ[BUJPOTBOENPEFSOTUBUFT)FSF IFBTTJNJMBUFT.BSYTJEFBT of the capitalist econom-
ic system and rationalization of Max Weber, which are constitutional parts of his conceptualizations.
)FTIBSFT.BSYTWJTJPOBOEDPOTJEFSTHSPCBMJ[BUJPOBTUIFDPSQPSBUFOFFEJODBQJUBMJTNUPTIPXJn-
creasing profitability through more and more far-reaching, economic imperialism. Ritzer’s idea of
globalization emphasizes imperialistic ambitions of the nations, corporations, organizations and the
XJTIUPJNQPTFUIFNTFMWFTJOEJGGFSFOUHFPHSBQIJDBSFBT 3JU[FS Q
'PSUIJTauthor, grobaliza-

UJPO JT B NPEFSO WJFX UP UIF XPSME )F DMFBSMZ EJSFDUT UP HSPCBMJ[BUJPO XIJDI JT DIBSBDUFSJ[FE XJUI
transnational range of generally accepted cultural marks and practices. In that sense, different processes
and sub-processes, which are in incomparable relation with globalization and are opposite to processes
of glocalization, appeared. Under this perspective, the world is developing more in similar or, even, in
the same way and individuals and groups have relatively small ability to adapt in the grobalized world.
5IBUJTCFDBVTFPGQSPDFTTFTXIJDIBSFEJSFDUMZDPOOFDUFEXJUIHSPCBMJ[BUJPODBQJUBMJTN "NFSJDBOJ[a-
tion (spreading of American ideas, industry and capital all over the world) and McDonaldization
(spreading the principles as a model for fast food in other parts of social life) (Ritzer, 2007, pp. 20, 21-
30). The last attitude is extraordinary important for understanding Ritzer’s view of globalization and
homogenization. In 5IF.D%POBMEJ[BUJPOPG4PDJFUZ, Ritzer (2010, p. 263) defined McDonaldization
iBTUIFQSPDFTTCZXIJDIUIFQSJODJQMFTPGUIFGBTUGPPESFTUBVSBOUBSFDPNJOHUPEPNJOBUFNPSFBOE
NPSFTFDUPSTPG"NFSJDBOTPDJFUZ BTXFMMBTUIFSFTUPGUIFXPSMEu'PS3JU[FS UIFQBTU QSFTFOUBOE
future of McDonaldization is Weber’s theory of rationality. Namely, it is the modern Western world
which will become more and more rational, and where efficiency, predictability, calculability and non-
human technologies that control people will dominate.
George Ritzer (2013, p. 30) made the fPMMPXJOHPCTFSWBUJPOT
t.D%POBMJ[BUJPOJTBOBNQMJGJDBUJPOBOEFYUFOTJPOPG8FCFSTUIFPSZPGSBUJPOBMJ[BUJPO FTQFDJBMMZ
JOUPUIFSFBMNPGDPOTVNQUJPO'PS8FCFS UIFNPEFMPGSBUJPOBMJ[BUJPOXBTUIFCVSFBVDSBDZGPSNF
the fast-food restaurant is the paradigm of McDonaldization… Various types of rationality had existed
in all societies at one time or another, but none had produced the type that Weber called formal ration-
ality. This is the sort of rationality I refer to when I discuss McDonaldization or the rationalization
process in general. According to Weber, rationality means that the search by people for the optimum
NFBOTUPBHJWFOFOEJTTIBQFECZSVMFT SFHVMBUJPOT BOEMBSHFSTPDJBMTUSVDUVSFTi
)FQPJOUFEPVUUIFCBTJDDPNQPOFOUTPGSBUJPOBMJUZ homogenizing processes and changes in the
world. )FFYQMBJOFEHSPCBMJ[BUJPOUISPVHIUIFQSPDFTTFTPGJNQFSJBMJTN DPMPOJBMJTN neocolonializam,
capitalism, McDonaldization, and Americanization which, to a great extent, notify societies in the past
and in the present. 3JU[FS Q
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PSHBOJ[BUJPO JUTPSJHJOTDMFBSMZMJFJOUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT BOEJUJTIJHIMZ.D%POBMEJ[FEu5IFTFUFOEFn-
cies for homogenization in McDonald’s, as well as in many other western fast food restaurants, have
social, cultural and economic functions to gain the nonwestern countries and their cultures, and be-
cause of that they adapt themselves in accordance with their conditions. This process is named by Jan
Pieterse BTiJOUFSDVMUVSBMIZCSJEJ[BUJPOu 1JFUFSTF Q
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Q
XSPUFUIBUiUIFHMPCBMMPDBMJ[BUJPOJTBQSPDFTs which means adapting the globalization to
local conditions. This adaptation involves incorporation of certain global processes within the local.
What he has in mind here are the international activities of multinational companies, the transfor-
mation of the English language into something that can be called MJOHVBGSBODBor the globalization of
UIF"NFSJDBOGPPEu

More precisely, the effects of homogenization and heterogenization of cultures are combined in
the conditions of intensive globalization. Those combined effects in cultures are connected with cultur-
BMIZCSJEJ[BUJPO5FOEFODJFTPGDVMUVSBMIZCSJEJ[BUJPOBSFOPUFECZ3JU[FS)FFNQIBTJ[FTUIBUIZCSJE
cultures are a creative and innovative process which involves the combination of two or more elements
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important role in developing the processes of glocalization which together with the processes of grobal-
ization are relevant for analyses of the globalization of culture.
$0/$-64*0/(-0$"-*;"5*0/"/%7&3464(30#"-*;"5*0/
The discussion of glocalization and grobalization can best be framed in a number of debates. Is
HMPDBMJ[BUJPOHPPEPSCBE *THSPCBMJ[BUJPOHPPEPSCͪE 0SBSFHMPDBMJ[BUJPOBOEHSPCBMJ[BUJPODSFBUJOH
new syntheses of cultural forms in more emphasized and WJTJCMFGPSNT *OUFSNTPGDVMUVSBMQSPEVDUT
the boundaries of the HMPDBMand the HSPCBM have become highly blurred. Subsequently, George Ritzer
OPUJGJFTBTZTUFNBUJDDPOUSBTUCFUXFFOHMPDBMJ[BUJPOBOEHSPCBMJ[BUJPO)JTDPODFQUJTQSFTFOUFEJO5a-
ble 2 (Ritzer, 2007, p. 21).

5BCMFMain characteristics of glocalization and grobalization
(MPDBMJ[BUJPO5IFPSZ (SPCBMJ[BUJPO5IFPSZ
The world is growing more pluralistic. The world is growing increasingly similar.
Glocalization theory is exceptionally sensitive to Grobalization theory tends to minimize
differences within and between areas of the world. differences within and between areas of the world.
Individuals and groups have relatively little ability
to adapt, innovate, and maneuver within a
Individuals and local groups have great power to globalized world. Grobalization theory sees larger
adapt, innovate and maneuver within a glocalized structures and forces tending to overwhelm the
world. Glocalization theory sees individuals and ability of individuals and groups to create
groups as important and creative agents. themselves and their worlds.
Social processes are relational and contingent.

Globalization provokes a variety of reactions – Social processes are largely one-directional and
ranging from nationalist entrenchment to deterministic. Grobalization tends to overpower
cosmopolitan embrace – that feed back on and the local and limits its ability to act and react, let
transform grobalization, that produce alone act back on the grobal.
glocalization.

(MPDBMJ[BUJPO5IFPSZ (SPCBMJ[BUJPO5IFPSZ
Commodities and the media, arenas and key
forces in cultural change in the late 20th and early
21st centuries, are not seen as (totally) coercive but Those commodities and the media are seen as
rather as providing material to be used in largely coercive.
individual and group creation throughout the
glocalized areas of the world.
Core concept include hybridization, creolization, Core concepts include capitalism,
and heterogenization. Americanization, and McDonaldization.
Glocal and grobal theories are of extraordinary importance for investigation and interpretation of
the globalization of culture. In the sphere of culture, they are, first of all, different cultural models,
which exist in modern societies. Globalization can be explained as a form of transcendental expansion
of together codes and practices, and glocalization involves interaction between local and global cultural
influence which results in one other type of cultural hybrids. It means that today the world consists of
the combination and interaction of glocal and grobal processes.
Thus, glocalization would be most closely associated with postmodern, pluralistic ideas of hetero-
geneity, whereas grobalization represents a more modern, imperialistic, and homogenizing perspec-
tive. It is important to note that no value judgments are intended for either glocalization or grobaliza-
tion. Many things XIJDIBSF HMPDBM BTXFMMBTMPDBM
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would generally argue that the world is becoming increasingly less diverse as transnational economic,
cultural, political, and social entities seek to impose their influence throughout the world.
Robertson, Roudometof, Ritzer and other theorists who recognized the need for defining glocali-
zation and grobalization in a broad and collectively acceptable manner admit that it is an exceedingly
difficult enterprise involving the reconciliation of conflicting demands, but not impossible. Neverthe-
less, they have to reconstruct their collective identities, that is, to form collective identities that are con-
genial to the conditions of life in modern societies if they are to meet the demands of life in an increas-
ingly globalizing and interdependent world in the 21st century. In this context, globalization for some
individuals and groups seems to offer, or it rather promises to do so in the near future, a set of glocal
and grobal resources for empowering the reconstruction of identity in the ways that enhance their
ability for adaptation and problem solving in new situations without jeopardizing their integrity or
autonomy.
260
3&'&3&/$&4
Beck, U. (1999). 8IBUJT(MPCBMJ[BUJPO 1PMJUZ1SFTT$BNCSJEHF

Barber, B. R. (1996). +JIBEWT.D8PSME/FX:PSL#BMMBOUJOF#PPLT
$WFULPWJDI "̓FMMOFS % &ET

"SUJDVMBUJOHUIF(MPCBMBOEUIF-PDBM$PMPSBEP8FTUWJFX
Press.
Gidens, E. (1998). 1PTMFEJDFNPEFSOPTUJ#FPHSBE'JMJQ7JØOKJǀ
)VOUJOHUPO 4
5IF$MBTIPG$JWJMJ[BUJPOTBOEUIF3FNBLJOHPG8PSME0SEFS/FX:PSL4JNPO
& Schuster.
.B[MJTI #
5IF(MPCBMBOEUIF-PDBM$VSSFOU4PDJPMPHZ
QQ-113.
Pieterse, N. J. (2009). (MPCBMJ[BUJPOBOE$VMUVSF(MPCBM.ÊMBHF-BOIBO3PXNBO-JUUMFGJFME1Vb-
lishers, INC.
Ritzer, G. (2003). 5IF(MPCBMJ[BUJPOPG/PUIJOH -POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
Ritzer, G. (2007). 5IF(MPCBMJ[BUJPOPG/PUIJOH-POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
Ritzer, G. (2009). (MPCBMJ[BUJPO"#BTJD5FYU/FX:PSL8JMFZ-Blackwell.
Ritzer, G. (Ed.). (2010). .D%POBMEJ[BUJPO5IF3FBEFS-POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBtions.
Ritzer, G. (2011). (MPCBMJ[BUJPO5IF&TTFOUJBMT-POEPO8JMFZ-Blackwell.
Ritzer, G. (2013). 5IF.D%POBMEJ[BUJPOPG4PDJFUZ-POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
3PCFSUTPO 3
.BQQJOHUIF(MPCBM$POEJUJPO (MPCBMJ[BUJPO BTUIF$FOUSBM$PODFQU*O.
Featherstone, M. (Ed.) (1997). (MPCBM $VMUVSF /BUJPOBMJTN (MPCBMJ[BUJPO BOE .PEFSOJUZ -31).
-POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
Robertson, R. (1992). (MPCBMJ[BUJPO4PDJBM5IFPSZBOE(MPCBM$VMUVSF-POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
3PCFSUTPO 3
(MPDBMJ[BUJPO 5JNF- 4QBDF BOE )PNPHFOFJUZ-)FUFSPHFOFJUZ *O . 'FBUIFr-
stone, S. Lash, & R. Robertson (Eds.), (MPCBM.PEFSOJUJFT-POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
3PCFSUTPO 3
(MPCBMJ[BUJPO5IFPSZ.BKPS1SPCMFNBUJDT*O(3JU[FS#4NBSU &ET

)BOECPPLPE4PDJBM5IFPSZ-POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
Robertson, R(2014). &VSPQFBO(MPDBMJ[BUJPOJO(MPCBM$POUFY/FX:PSL.BDNJMMBO
Roudometof, V. (2016). (MPDBMJ[BUJPO"$SJUJDBM*OUSPEVDUJPO-POEPORoutledge.
͊ͪ͸ͽ͹ͼ, ̹. ͯͰ ͊. (2003). ͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͽͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͪͪͅͻͭͳ͸ͪͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ,
60, pp-86.
261
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ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳ ͵͹ͳ ͼࣉ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͭ͹ͶͰͷͪ ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼ͹͹ͯͬͰͽ͸͹ ͻͪͲͫͳͻͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΃ͪͽͪ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬ͹
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ͯ͹ͪ΍ͪ͹ͯͷͳ͵ͻ͹ͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸ͭ ͺ͹ͽ͹΂͸͹͹ͯͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͳͻͪΔͰͽ͹ͼͽ͹͵ͳͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͳͬ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ
ͳͺͪͲͪͻͳ Robertson ͼͽͻ
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ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͰͭ;ͬͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͽ ͸ͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͪ Robertson ͼͽͻ -
͋͹Β
͸ͪͭͶͪͼ;ͬͪ ͯͰ͵ͪ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͳͽͰ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͽͰ ͭͻ;ͺͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯ;ͬͪͪͽ ͵͹͸ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͽ ͼͬͰͽ ͳ ͭͳ
ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͻͪͪͽͼͬ͹ͳͽͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̺ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪ Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͽͪ ͸ͪ ͭͻ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͪ ͸ͪ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͽͰ ͪͷͫͳ΁ͳͳ ͸ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳͳͽͰ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳͳͽͰ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͽͰͳͱͰͶͫͪͽͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸ͪͽͬ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
3JU[FS ͼͽͻ
͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸͹ͽͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͬͳͰͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͫͪͻͪͪͽͯͪͳͷͪͪͽͼͬ͹Βͪͷ͹Ζ ͬͶͳΒͪ͸ͳͰ ͳ
ͬ͹ ͷ͸͹ͭ; ͼͶ;΂ͪͳ ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ͹ͽ ͻͪͼͽͰ ͹ͽͽ;͵ͪ ͳ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹ͽ ͭͻ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸͹ͽ Ͱ ͼ͹ͲͯͪͯͰ͸ ͵ͪ͵͹
ͺͪͻͪͶ͹ͭ Ͳͪ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͶͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͰͺͽͳͻͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͽͪ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͽͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͳͻͪ ͼ͹
;͸ͳ͵ͪͽ͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͬ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ

̓̈́͌͐͆́ ̹͇͉͇̺̀́ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͻ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹-Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹
͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼͽͬ͹.
262

h

̸̸͚͚͇͉͚̺͆̾̈́͆̾́ͣ1
ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̸̸͈͉͇͉̿́̾̓͌̈́͋͌͢ͅ74
̸̸͉͆̾͋̾̾̽͆̾̓͌̈́͋͌̾͢͠ͅ
͌͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͳΒͰͲͳ΂͵;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;͵ͪ͹ͫͳͽͪ͸ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͪͶͳͳ
͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰͫͪͲͳ΂ͪ͸ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ– ͹ͬ;͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ

΁ͳΒ;ΕͰΒͰͯ͸ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͳͽͳ̽ͪͫͳͼͷ͹ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͶͳ͵͹ΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ;ͪ͵͹͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰ
͹ͼͬͻ͸;ͽͳͼͰ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͼͳͶͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹͵ͻ͹Ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪ
ΒͰͯͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͳͽͳͷͪͶͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͷͰͽͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͰͯͰͶͳͼ͵ͻ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ΀ͻ;͵;͇͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳͯͪ͸ͪͻͪͲ͸Ͱ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹
͌ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓ;;͸͹ͬͳΒ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ;͹΂ͪͬͪͶ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀̽ͻͱͪͬͪͯͪ
͹ͼͽͪͽ͵;ͼͬͰͽͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋ͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΒͰͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷͬͰͼ
ͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳ ͼͷ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͪͯͪ ͬͳͯͳ ͳ ͹ͼͰΕͪ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͽ͹ͷ ͹ͫͶͳ͵; ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵͹ΒFͼ;;;ͼͺ͹͸; ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ̓ͳ͸ͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ ́͸ͯͳΒͪ
͉Ͱ͵Ͷͳ
ͫͳͼͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͼͪͯͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͬͻͼͽͪ͸ͪͯͷͰͽͪΔͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͯͪ͹͸Ͱ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͯͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͳͷͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͽͳ͸ͳ
͹͸ͰͷͪͶͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;– ͺͪͼͰͺͳͽͪͷ͹͑ͽͪͼͪΔͳͷͪ
͆ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͯͪͼͬ͹Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;͸ͪͷͰͽ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵;ͼͬͰͽͪΒͰͼͽͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ
ͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͺͪ͵͹ͬͪ͸;Ϳͳ͸ͳ ;͵ͻͪͼ͸ͳͺͪͺͳͻ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻͳΒͰͷ΂ͳͬͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ΃ͪͻͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͫͰͲͪ
ͲͶͰ͸̓ͪ͵ͬͪΒͰͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪͼͬͰͽͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰͬ͹ͯͰ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰͫ͹ͻͫͰ ́Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͹͸Ͱ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ
ͬ͹ͯͰ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͼͳͶͰ
̸͇͉͇̹͇͇̽̾͆́̈́́̓̓̈́͆́̀ͅ͏́̾͠
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ
ͼ;ͳ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; (Stoja-
OPWJǀ
̽;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͪͫ͹ͻͫͪ͋ͻͰΕͰͭͼͬͰͽͪͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪΔͰ
1
djordjevicandjela!gmail.com
263
͹ͯͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰΒͰͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪͶͪͻͪͼͺͻͪͬ;͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͼ͸ͪͭͪ;ͽͲͬͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪͷ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͹ͷͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪtͺ͹ͼͽ͹͵͹
Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪi ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͪtͺ͹ͼͽ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͷͪi͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻ͸ͳͷͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ
ͷͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ #FSL ͼͽͻ–
͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ΒͰ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ – ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͰͭ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͳͷͪͶͰ ͷ͹Ε
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͬ͹Β͸;
ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͪͬͪͶ͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸ͳ΀
ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ΂ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͫͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ
ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ;ͲͷͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ;ͲͰͽ͹ ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵
̽ͻͱͪͬͰ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰ;ͲͳͷͪͶ͹ͫͳͶͰͼ; ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͪͶͳͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͼͶ;
΂ͪΒ ͼ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͈ͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͪͬͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͸ͪͺͻͰͽͰ͵ ͪͶͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͪͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ̓͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͳͼ;ͽͪ͵ͬ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͬͰ΃ͽ͹ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼ
ͽͳͶͳ̽ͪͫͳͯ͹ͫͳͶͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͱͰͶͰͶͳ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ;ͼͰͼͶ;ͱͳͶͳ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸ͳͷͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͷ͈ͪͻ͹ͭ͹͸ͼͽͬͪ
;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ ͷ;΂ͰΔͪ ͵ͻͬͪͬ͹tͭ;΃ͰΔͰi ͼͬͪ͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͰͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳͼͪ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
– ͼͶͳ͵ͪΒͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͫͪͯ͹͸ͰͶ͹ΒͰͳ͸͹ͬͰͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͰ ͺͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͳ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳͼͪΔͪͲͪͼͽͪͻͰ͹ͳ͹ͽͳ΃ͪ͹;Ͳͪͫ͹ͻ̸ͪͬͶͳ ͯͪͶͳΒͰͳͼͪͷͪͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͽͳ΃Ͷͪ;
Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬ
̓ͪ͹ͳ;ͬͰ͵ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͼͳͶͰͼ;ͳͲͬͰͶͰͻͪ΂;͸ͳ΁;ͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͰͯͪͳͷͼͰͽͪ͵ͪͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͳͼͺͶͪͽͳ͉ͪͽ͹ͬͰͳͼ;͵͹ͫͰͽͻͰͫͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͽͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
ͷ͹ ͹ ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳͷ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳͲͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͊ ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ͼ; ͺͻͰͯͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͬͳͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͯͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͷͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͷͪ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ
͵͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹ͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪͼͰ͸ͳΒͰ;͵Ͷͪͺͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷ̀ͪ͵Γ;
΂ͪ͵ΒͰ– ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͰΔͪͽͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͰͱͰͶͰΕͳͯͪͷͰΔͪΒ;ͼͰͫͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͳΕͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͲͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͹͇ͯͶ;΂ͳͶͳͼ;ͯͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͰ;ͫͰͯͰͯͪͼ; ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͯͪΕͰ͹ͯͼͪͯͪ
ͼͪͷͳ͵ͻ͹Βͳͽͳͼͬ͹Β;ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;ͳͯͪͼͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͼͷͰͷͰ΃ͪͽͳ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ;;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;
̽͹͵ ͼ; ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͶͪͬͳͶͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͳ ͼ;
ͬͰΕͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͼͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ– ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͪͬ͹
ͬͪ t;ͫͳΒͪΔͰͷi ͼͬͰͭͪ΃ͽ͹͸ͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͹͸͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͋͹ΒͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ;ͺͪ͵͹ͬͪ͸;΃ͪͻͰ͸ͳ ;͵ͻͪͼ͸ͳͺͪͺͳͻ͵͹ΒͳͶͪ͵͹Ͳͪͬͪ
ͻͪΓ;ͯͰͳ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹΂ͳ͸ͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪͶ͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ
͈͹͵;΃ͪΒ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͸͹ͬͪ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͲ;ͷ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭ
ͯ͹ͫͪ͠͹΃ͼ;ͼͽͪͻͳ̻ͻ΁ͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳͯͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺͻͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼ
ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͻ͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷ͈ͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͼͬͰͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͷͳͼͶͳͶͳͳͻͪͯͳͶͳͯͻ;
ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ
͸ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳ ͬͪͻͬͪͻͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͊ͽͪͻͳ ̻ͻ΁ͳ ͼ; ͳͷͪͶͳ ͷ͹Ε ͵͹Β; ͼ;
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ΃ͳͻͳͶͳͼͬ͹Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͰͷ͹Εͳ ͸ͰͫͳͫͳͶ͹͸ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
Ͳͪ ͽͪ͵ͪͬ ͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽ ̸͵͹ ͼͰ ͳͲ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͼͽͪͻͰ ̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ͬͻͪͽͳͷ͹ ; ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͳ ͳ ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ ͺͻͬͳ ͬͰ͵
ͬͳͯͰΕͰͷ͹ͯͪͼͰ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶ͹ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪͼ;ͼͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ
͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͱͰͶͳͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳͳͼͽͳ΁ͳΓ͎ͰͶͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪͱͰͶͰͳͼͽ͹– ͯͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ
͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪͯͻͱͰͼͬͰͽ͸ͪͯͶͪ͸;͋ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Β ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳ ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Β ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ; ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ
264
̸̸͚͚͇͉͚̺͆̾̈́͆̾́ͣ ͈ͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪWT ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸Ͱ ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͇ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ ͳ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; t͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͷͪi ͳ
t͹͵΁ͳͯͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͷͪi #FSL ͼͽͻ
͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͽͰͽͰͷͰ ̾ͯͬͪͻͯ͊ͪͳͯ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹
ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͹ͯt9***ͬͰ͵ͪ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͫͳͶ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͸ͳͳͶͳͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ ͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͼͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ
ͶͳͲͷ͹ͷͳͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͼͪΔͪͳͬͶͪͯͪΔ͇ͪͻͳΒͰ͸ͽ͹ͷi ͺͻͰͷͪ
#FSL ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͳͼͽͰͻ
͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̺ͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹tͽͻͰ͸ͯͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰͪͶͪͳͬͻͰ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi 1BOUFMJDJ
ES ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪΒͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͳ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͳ;͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ; ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ;ͽͰͱΔͪͷͪ͵ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔ;ͲͰͷͪΓ͈ͪͪ΁ͳͿͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ 5SBNPØMKBOJO ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ΒͰͺͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳ΃ͰͲͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͬͪ
ͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͳ ͽ͹ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ̽ͻͱͪͬͪ ; ͯͪΓͰͷ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ̸͊̽
– ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͵ͪ͹ ͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̸ͪ͊̽ͼ;ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͰ ͼͬ͹Β;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵;ͳ
ͬ͹Β͸;ͷ͹Εͳ͵ͻͰ͸;ͶͰ;t͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͪi͈ͻͬͳ΀͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ͼͰ ͯͪΕͰ;
ͽ͹ͷͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹;ͼͺͰͽͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹tͪͅ΂Ͱͬͳi ͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͫͳͶͳ ͼ; ͪ ͳ ͼͪͯͪ ͼ;
͎͹Ͷͳͬ;ͯ tͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼi ͷ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳ ͵͹͵ͪ-͵͹Ͷͪ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵ͪ ͈͹ͷ͹Ε;
ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸ͳ΀ ͳ Ͳͪ ͭͶͰͯͪΔͰ tͶͪ͵ͳ΀i ͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͷͪΔͰ-ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ ͺ͹ ͳͼͽ͹ͷ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;
;ͼͺͰͶͳͼ;ͯͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͼͬͰͽ;͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͼ;ͳ΀͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳͲͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;ͺͻ͹
ͷ͹΁ͳΒ; ͬͰͶͳ΂ͪΔͰ ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͪͳͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͼͰͫͰ͵ͪ͹
͹ͫͰΕͪ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͺͪͼͳͽͳͼͬͰͽ͆ͳΒͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͼͽ͸ͳͯͪͼ;ͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳͯͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͺ
ͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͰ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͉;ͼͰ ͳ ̓ͳ͸ͰͲͰ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͲͶͳ͵͹ͬ΁Ͱ ͳ ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽ; ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ́ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ΒͰ
͸ͪΒͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳΒͪͷ;Ͳͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͼͽͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͉ͪͯͳͼͰ ͹ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͲͬͰͲͯͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͬ͹Β;ͼͶͪͬ; ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͯ;ͭ;Β;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹Βͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͰͻͳΒͳ͵͹Β;ͺ͹͵ͻͰΕ;̸̸͊̽͵͹
ͼͰ ͷͪͶ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͫͻͪͽͳ ͺͪͱΔͪ ͸ͪ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͰ ͳ ͼͺ͹ͽ͹ͬͰ ͽͳ΀ ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪ ͪͯͅ͹͸ͪ ͉ͳΒͪ͸ͪ ̾ͷͳ͸Ͱͷ
ͦͰ͸ͳͿͰͻ̈́͹ͺͰͲ
͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͬͳ͹͸ͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸΃ͪΓ;ͳͼͽͰͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸;ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ΒͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ͶͰͺ͹ͷͳͶͪ͵͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ͵;Εͪͷͪ
ͼ͵;ͺͳͷ ͪ;ͽ͹ͷ͹ͫͳͶͳͷͪ ͸͹ͬ΁; ͌͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ – ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ ͼͪ͸ ̾͸ͽ͹͸ͳ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ
ͯ͹΃ͪ͹ͯ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹Βͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸; ͼͽͻ

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸Ͱ ͹ͼͰΕͪ ͼͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͱͰΓͪ ̸͊̽ ͯͪ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸; ͼͬ͹Β; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ́ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ ̺ͰͶͳ͵̹ͪͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪ ̓ͳ͸ͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͪͷ͹ͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼ
ͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͼͶͪͫͳΒͰͭͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͼͻͪͲͷͰͻ͸͹ͷ͹Εͳ͵͹Β;ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;́ͺͪ͵ ͽ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪ͸;ͱ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳͯͪ
͹͸ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸;ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͯͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;΂ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷ ͬͰΕͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ͹ͫͳ΃ͪ͹ ͸ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͯͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰ ͋ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͲͪͫͪͬͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;͎͹͸ͭ̓͹͸ͭ ͅ;ͷͫͪΒ ̓ͪͳͻ͹͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ
ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͷͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ
; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͼͽͳͺͰ͸ͯͳͻͪΔ; ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͫͻ͹Β
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͹ͯͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ; ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ΒͰͻ͹͸ͰͯͪΒ;ͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͰͳͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸ͰͼͽͳͺͰ͸ͯͳΒͰ

͆ͪͳͬ͸͹ͫͳͫͳͶ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳͯͪΕͰͫͳͶ͹͵͹Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͽͳͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͰͳͲͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͫ;ΘͰͽͪͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͽ͹
΃ͽ͹ͼͰͲͪͶͪͱͰͲͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͷͪͳͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͱͰͶͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͼͬͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ
͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪͯ͹ͫͪͻ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͼͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳͺͻͰ͸Ͱͼ;͹ͼͽͪͽ͵;ͼͬͰͽͪ
͆ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ ͳ ͸ͪΒͬͻͰͯ͸ͳΒͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ΕͰ ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ ͼͽͳͺͰ͸ͯͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͰ ; ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͹ͺͻͰͼͽͳͱ͸ͳͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ
͇͸ͳΕͰ;ͽͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͺͻ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ
͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͳͲͪͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰΕͰ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ
ͽͪͷ͹΃ΔͰͭ͸ͪͻ͹͇ͯͪͬ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ͹͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͰ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͳͲͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳ͸Ͱͻͪ
ͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͷͪͶ͹΃ͽͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ
Ͷ͹΃Ͱͭͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͽ͹΃ͽ͹Γ;ͯͳ͸Ͱͭ;Β;ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͳͷ͸Ͱͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͺͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͻͪΒ;ͳͳͯ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ́͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͽ͹ͳΒͰͼͽͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳ
Ͳͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ – ;ͫͰͯͳͽͳ Γ;ͯͰ ͯͪ ΕͰ ; ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ;ͼͺͰͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͪ͵͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸Ͱ ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͰ ̸͵͹ ͼͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͬͻͪͽͰ ; ͼͬ͹Β; ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ͸; ͼͪ ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰͷ ͳ ͷͪΔͰ ͳͶͳ
ͬͳ΃ͰͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͹͸ͳΕͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͪͽͳͯͪ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͳͽͪ͵͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸;͋͹ΕͰͳͷͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺ͹ΕͳͲͪͻ;͵͹ͷͪ͵͹ͫ;ͯ;͸ͪͬͪͱ͸ͳͷͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͷ
ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͪ͵͹ͫ;ͯ;ͳͷͪͶͳ;ͭͶͰͯͷͰΌ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͼ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͷ͸͹ͭͳΓ;ͯͳͫͳ
ͼͰͬ͹ͯͳͶͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͺͻͳͷͰͻ͹ͷ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͫͳͼͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹-
ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻͰ͸ͰͶͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ;ͯͻͱͪͬ;
̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸Ͱͼͬ͹Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͐ͳͷͰΒͰͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪtͼͬͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͫ;ͯ;͵ͪ͹Βͪi ͆ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͪͺ͹ͯͽͳͷͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹
ͼ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰͳͯͪ
Δͳͷͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ ̓ͪͯͪͼͬͰͺ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͼͰͫͳͳ͵ͪͯͪ;΂ͳ͸ͳͯͪͼͬͳ΁Ͱ͸ͰͳͼͽͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ͯͪ͸ͰͷͪͺͻͰ
ͺͻͰ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹Βͪͽ͹;ͼͺͰͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸͹ͯͪ΃ͳͻͳ
ͼͬ͹Β;ͿͳͶͷͼ͵; ͷ͹ͯ͸; ͺͻͰ΀ͻͪͷͫͰ͸;ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵ͪ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͹͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͪͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͪ ͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪΒ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯΔͰ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ
ͷͳͶ͹ͼͽͳ͈͹ͽ͹ͷ ͺͻ;ͱͪΒ͹ΒͼͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪ;΁ͰΔ;ΒͰͳtͷͳͶ͹ͼͻͯ͸͹ͺͻͳ
ͼͳΓͪͬͪi ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͼͬͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͼͪͽͰͻͪ͸ͳ;Ε͹΃ͪ͵
͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͽͪ͵͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͳͽͪΒ
ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ;ͫͰͯͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͺͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͽͰͽ ͳ ͫ͹Γͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳ t̓͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͸͹ͬͪ ;ͬͰ͵ ͳͷͪ ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳ͹
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͲͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ ͬͪͻͬͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͳ;ͫͳ
΁ͪͷͪͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͫͪͶͳͷͪ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͼͬͰ͹ͼ;ͯͰͺͻͪΕͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͳͺͻͳ΂ͪͷͪ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͳͷ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͷͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹
ͻͪi ̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͋͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳͼͳ͸ͽͪͭͷ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͬͰͼͽͳ
t͌ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳΕͰͷ͹ͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ͳͷͪͷ͹ ͼͬͰͲͶͪͽ͹ ͼͬͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͳͫͶͪͭͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰ
ͳͲͪͽ;ͺΓͳͬͪΔͰΓ;ͯͳ͡;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ͹Ͳͪ͵ͳͼͬͰͼͽͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͷͰΔ͈ͪ͹ͼͰΒͪͬ΃ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹Γ;΀ͪ͹ͼ ͷͳ
ΕͰͷ͹ͳͷ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͿͪͶͼͳͿͳ͵ͪͽͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͽͰͻͪͽͳͳ΀ͯͪͬͰͻ;Β;;ͽͰ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳi – ̸ͶͰ͸̽ͪͶͼ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂͏̸́ͳΔͰ͸ͺͻͬͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͋ͬͻͯͳ΃ͳΕ ͼͽͻ 16).
̺Ͱ͹ͷͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸ͰΒͰͼͽͰͻͪͯ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳͅͰͯͳΒͳ
ͼ; ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ ͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͭ͹ͯ Γ;ͯͳ ͫͳͶͳ
266
;ͫͰΌͰ͸ͳ ͯͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ ;ͽͳ΂; ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ; ͹ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ; ͸Ͱ͵͹Β ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ ͳͶͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͽ͹ ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͸ͳΒͰͳͼͽͳ͸̺ͪͰͶͳ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ͹ͯ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͰͯͳΒͳͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱ
ΒͰͼͽͰ;ͯ͹ͷͰ͸;͸ͰͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͭ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͽͳͽͳͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻͪ͸΁ͻͽͪ͸ͳ
ͿͳͶͷ ͊;͸ΌͰͻ ̹͹ͫ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ Ͱͷͳͽ;ΒͰ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ ̸͊̽ ̈́ͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͍ͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ
͈͹Γͼ͵ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪ ̻ͻ΂͵ͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ
͆ͪͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸ΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͼͬͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹
ͯͰ΁ͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳͷ͇ͪ͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰΔͳͷͰͿ͹ͻͼͳͻͪΒ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳtͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭ̀ͪͺͪͯͪi͆ͪͳͷͰ ͳ͊;͸ΌͰͻ̹͹ͫͳ͈ͪͽͻͳ͵ ͯͬ͹Βͳ΁ͪͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀Β;͸ͪ͵ͪ;΁ͻͽͪ͸͹ͷ
ͿͳͶͷ;
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͼ;͵ͪ͹ͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͳ͌ΒͰͯ͸͹Β͹ͯͰͺͳͲ͹ͯͪ͊;͸ΌͰͻ̹͹ͫͲͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͯͻ;ͱͰΔͰͼ
ͯͰ΂ͪ͵͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͯͼͪͺ;͸ͳ΁Ͱ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͭͯͰͼ;ͷ;ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳ ͪͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ
ͭͪΒͰͺ;͸͹Ͳͪͬ͹ͶͰ͹ ͹͸ͼͰͼͪͱͪͶͳ͹ͳ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳ͹ͯͪͭͪ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͽ͹͸Ͱ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͬͰΕͼ
͈ͪͽͻͳ͵͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͹͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳ ͼͰͽͳͽͰͼͰͯͪͼ;ͳ͊;͸ΌͰͻ̹͹ͫͳ͈ͪͽͻͳ͵ͷ;΃
͵ͪͻ΁ͳ
͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͸ͪ΃ͪͻͰ͸͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳtͼͰͻͬͳͻͪiͳͯͰΒͪ΀͹ͷ͹
ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͪͼͬͰͽ͹͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͰ΀;ͷͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹΂ͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ͊;͸ΌͰͻ̹͹ͫͻͪͯͳ;ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸;;
͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͪ΀ͻͪ͸ͪ΀ͪͷͫ;ͻͭͰͻ ͼͰͽͳͽͰͼͰͼͪͯͪtͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼiͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ
͇͸ΒͰͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸͵ͪ͹
;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͸ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͯͪͯͪ͸͹͸͹Ε͸͹ͻͪͯͳͲͪͷͪͶ;ͺͶͪͽ;ͳͺͻͳͽ͹ͷΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͻͰΕͪ͸Ͳͫ͹ͭ
ͽ͹ͭͪ͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͽͻͺͳ;ͬͻͰͯͰ͹ͯͼͬ͹ͭͭͪͲͯͰ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͹ͺͼͰͯ͸;ͽ͸͹ͬ΁Ͱͷ ͪͶͳ͹͸ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͽ͹ͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ
Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͬ͹Ͷͳͼͬ͹Βͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͻ͹΃ͽͳΓΘͳΒͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͻ͹ΌͰ͸Ͳͪͽ͹ͳͯͪ͸ͰͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;ΒͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͫ͹ΓͰ.
ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ ΒͰ ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ΃ͪΓ; ͹ͬͳͷ ΁ͻͽͪ͸ͳͷ ͿͳͶͷ͹ͷ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͼ; ͹ͺ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
ͯͰ΁ͪ ͵͹Β͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪΒͶͪ͵΃Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͳͼͪͽͳ
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ͯͪ tͷ͸͹ͭͪ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪ ͳͶͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͻͪͽ
ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͬͰͶͳͼ;ͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ
ͳͲΒͰͯ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ;ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΔ;ΒͰ͸͹ͬͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ͋͹ͯͪΓͰͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͷͰ΃ͪͬͳ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹;Δͳͷͪͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͯͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͭͻ;ͺͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͳΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͲͪͶͰΌͰi (JEFOT ͼͽͻ
ͅ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳ
ͲͪͷΒͰͺͪͻ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͶͪ͸ͪͷͰͻͪ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ
ͬ͹ͯͰΕͰ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͸ͪͷ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͹ ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͷ; ͹ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͼͬͰͽ;ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;ͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͹ͬͰͳͯͰͪͶͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͬͰͫͪ΃
ͽͪ͵͹tͷ;Ͷͽͳi ͵ͪ͵͹͹͸ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪ͸ͪͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ̽͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͼ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ
ͯͪΒͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͽͲͬͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͭͯͰͳͷͪͷͰͼͽͪͲͪͼͬͰͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͪ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹
΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͬͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ΂ͳ͸ͳt̓ͪͯͪͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͭͻ;ͺͪ
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰ
Ͷͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͳͯͰΒ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͪͽͪ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͳ ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͪ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ
i
͊ͽͪ͸͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͋ͬ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹ͬͰͳͯͰΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳ΃ͳͻ͹͵Ͱͻ;͵Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͫͰͼͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ
ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹tͷͰͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͼ;͸΁Ͱͷi
͆ͪͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸;ΒͰͳͼͺͶͳͬͪͶͪͱͰΓͪͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ;ͭ;΃ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰͳ͸ͪ
ͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͺ͹ͻ͹ͫͰͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͰΓ;ͯͳ͊ͬͰͼ͸ͳͯͪͽ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͼͪͷͳ ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳͼ;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͲͪͻͪͯͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͫͳͶͳͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳͯͪ͸ͪ;ͯͰͼͬ͹Β͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳͳ
ͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ
ͳ΀͸ͪͲͳͬͪ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͪͶ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪ̓ͳ͸ͰͲͰͳͲͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ9*9
267
ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷͽͻͭ͹ͬ΁ͳͷͪͺ͹ͷͪͭͪͶͳͯͪ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΒ;͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͳͽͪ͵͹͸ͪ͸͹ͼͳͶͳ͹ͭͻ͹
ͷ͸; ΃ͽͰͽ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ; ͇ ͽ͹ͷͰ ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͵ͪͱͰ ͯͪ t̓ͪͻͪ-ͅ;ͻͲͳ͸ͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ ͹
ͯͰͷ͹͸ͽͪͱͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂͸ͳ͵͹ͷͺͻͳ΂ͪ͹͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻͼ͵͹Βͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͳ ͳΔͰ͸͹ΒͳͯͰ͹
Ͷ͹΃͵͹ΒͿͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ– ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻͼ͵͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͶͳͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪ ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷ;
ͺͰͻͳͿͰ-
ͻͳΒͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸;;ͺͻͪͬ;ͳ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ
Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰi ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ ͱͰΓͳ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͯͪ ;ͼͺͰΒ; ͸ͪ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͪ
͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͅͳͶ͹̈́͹ͷͺͪͻ ͵͹Βͳ͵ͪͱͰͯͪtͲͪͻͪͯ͹ͫͰΕͪΔͪͯͪΕͰͷ͹;ͼͺͰͽͳ͵ͪ͹
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽͪΒͰͷ͹ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯͰͷ͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵͸;ͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯi ̈́͹ͷͺͪͻ ͼͽͻ
̸Ͷͳ ΃ͽͪ ͼͰ
ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͺͪͼͰͽͪΒͺͶͪ͸͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͹
ͅ͹ͱͯͪͳ͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ ͳͶͳͫͪͻͰͷ͸Ͱ;ͽ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ
;ͼͶͰͯͳ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͪ
͇ͽͺ͹ͻ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͼͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͹ ͪͶͳ ͼͰ ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵; ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ ͯͪ ͹͸
͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͽͪ͵͹͹΃ͽͪͻͳͯͪΕͰͫͳͽͳͶͪ͵͹;ͭ;΃Ͱ͸̽ͻͱͪͬͰͼͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹͵;
΃ͪΒͪ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͻ;΃ͰΔͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋͹;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ
Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͹ͯ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹Βͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;͸ͪͷͰ
ΕͰ͆Ͱ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͼͰͺͪͼͳͬ͸͹ͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͫ͹ͻͫͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳ
ͷͰΕ;ΒͰ͋͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰͽͪΒ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱͫ͹ͻͳ ͪͶͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͲͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͽͪͫ͹ͻͫͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ
ͯͪͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹ͳͲͻͪͱͪΒͪͅ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͯͪΒͰͽͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͪͳͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͳͼͻͰͯͼ
ͽͬͪͲͪtͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳΒ;i͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;̽ͻ;ͭͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͯͪΒͰͺͻͰͲͪͯ;ͱͰ͸ͪͳͽͳͷͰ;΁ͰΔͰ͸̸ͪͶͳ
ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͳͽͪΒͯͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͽ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͬͳ΃ͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͺͪ
ͼͰ΂ͳͽͪͬͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͷͪΔͰ-ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͬͰ͹ͷͪ
ͫ;΂͸͹ͳͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͫ͹ͻͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰͲͪͫ
ͻͪΔ;Β; ͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͰ ͵ΔͳͭͰ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͪͻͽͰͿͪ͵ͽͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ ͼͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ́ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͽ͹ ͯͰ͹
Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͫ͹ͻͫͰ ͼ; ͳ ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ ͷͰΌ; Δͳͷͪ ͼͪͷͳͷͪ ͇ ͽ͹ͷͰ ̺;͵͹ͬͳΕ
͵ͪͱͰ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰt͌́ͻͪ͸;ͼ; ͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶͰͫ͹ͻͫͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͼͽͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀
ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͳΒͰͬͪΔͪͲͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͰ͊;͵͹ͫͳ;̾ͭͳͺͽ;
́ͻͪ͵; ̈́ͳͫͳΒͳ ͊ͳͻͳΒͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ;ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒ;͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi ̺;͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̓͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸t͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪi;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷͼͬͰͽ; ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͫ͹ΓͰͺ͹ͽ
ͺ;͸͹ͼͰͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͳͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪͽͳͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ;ΌͰͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ ͳͶͳͼͰͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͺͻͰͺ;ͼͽͳͽͳ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͷ ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͳ Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͽͳ ͸ͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ͆ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ
ͻͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ
͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͊ͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͯͪΒͰͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͯ͹ͫ
ͻ͹ ͪͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹Ͷ͹΃ͰͳͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͫͪͻͬ͹ͯͳ΂͊ͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͯͪΒͰͼͬͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹Ͷ͹΃Ͱ ͪͼͬͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͳ͸;ͱ͸͹ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰΒͰͭͻͰ΃͵ͪ͋ͻͰͫͪͳͲͫͰΕͳ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͪΕͳͼͻͰ
ͯͳ͸;͇ͬͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͼ;ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬͳ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰͳ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ́͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰ̸ͻΘ;͸̸ͪͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͳ΃;Εͳ͹ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ
Ͳͷ;ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Βͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫ; ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͽͰͲ;͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͯ͹ͫ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹tͺ͹ͼͽͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷi ͯ͹ͫ; "QBEVSBK ͼͽͻ–264).
͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ
ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ Ͳͪ
ͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒ;ͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪ͋ͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳͻͪͲ͸ͳͼ͵;ͺ͹ͬͳͳ
268
͹͵;ͺΓͪΔͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͉Ͱ΁ͳͷ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͼͪΒͷ͹ͬͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͵;΀ͳΔͪͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͋͹ΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͶͰͺͺͻͳͷͰͻ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰΒͰͯͪ͸
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͷ͹ͱͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳͲͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ
͇ͽͺ͹ͻ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ͯͪͬͰͽͪͻ ͳͺͪ͵ ͸Ͱͯ;ͬͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͈͹Ͳ
͸ͪͽ ͸ͪͷ ΒͰ ͳͲͭͶͰͯ tͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼi ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͫͻ͹Β; ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͹ͯ
Ͳͪͺͪͯͪͯ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ̀ͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͷ͹– ͼͬ;ͯͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳͼ;ͳͼͽ͹ͭͳͲͭͶͰ̸ͯͪͶͳ ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ
ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͹͸ͳͳͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͬ͹ͷͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰͷͳͲͭͶͰͯ;́ͼͽͳͼ;ͳͺ͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪ ͺ͹΀ͻͪ
͸ͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ;ΔͳͷͪͼͶ;ͱͳ ͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ;ͼͽ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪͳͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪ ;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷͳ͵͹Β;͸͹ͼͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ
͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͲͷͰΌ;͵;ͺͪ΁ͪͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͌ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷtͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼiͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸;ΕͰͷ;΃ͽͰͻͳΒͪͺͻͳΕͳ
΃ͪ͸͵; ͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳͽͳͼͬ͹Β͹ͫͻ͹͵ ͼͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪͽͳͺͪͻͷͳ͸;ͽͪ ;ͲͰͽͳ͸ͪͻ;΂Ͱ͸͹ ͺ͹ΒͰͼͽͳ ͬͻͪͽͳͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͽͪΔͳͻ
͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ́ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͼͬͰ ̓ͪ͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹Β ͽͻͪ΁ͳ ͊ͽͻ͹ͭ͹ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ ͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪ ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ Ͱͷ͹΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͽͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͹͸͹ͷͰ ͼ ͵ͳͷ ͼͽͰ
ͯ͹΃ͶͳͳͼͰͶͳͲͪͼͽ͹ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͰͽͰͼͬ͹Β͹ͫͻ͹͵ͳͳͯͰͽͰ͇ͬ͹ΒͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͫͻͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪ͹͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͹ͬ͹ͭͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͶͪ͸΁ͪͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ͊
ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹΂Δͪ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͼ;ͺ͹ͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͷͰ͸ͽ;ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͳ
͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͷ; ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔ;Ͱͷ͹΁ͳΒͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸;Β;ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ̸ͪ͵͹;ͲͷͰͷ͹;͹ͫͲͳͻͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹͸͹ͼ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͭ;Β;ͳͷ͹Εͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β; ͹͸ͯͪΒͰͶͪ͵͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ
ͯͪ͹ͬͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͪͺͻͳ΂ͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳtͺͻ͹΃Ͷͪi͉ͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͼͬͰͭͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ;͉;ͼͳΒͳ
̓ͳ͸ͳͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰtͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼiͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳ ͪͶͳͼͰͫͳͽ͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;͹ͯ
ͺͻͰΌͪ΃ΔͰ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͭ΃ͪͫͶ͹͸ͪ
͈ͻͬ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͺͻͳͷͰͽͳ͸ͪtͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼiͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳͷͪ;͉;ͼͳΒͳΒͰͼͽͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ
͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷΕͳͻͳͶͳ΁͹ͷ̸͵͹ͷͪͶ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͺͪͱΔͰ͹ͫͻͪͽͳͷ͹͸ͪ͸ͪͲͳͬtͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼiͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ
͸ͪ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳΕͰͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ͹͸ ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ͵Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ
ͼͬͰͽ̸ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ͸ͪ΃ͶͳͺͻͰͯtͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼiͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸͹ͷ;͉;ͼͳΒͳ ͺͻͬ͹΃ͽ͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͷͳͼͶͳ
Ͷͳ ͫͳͶ͹ ͫͳ – ͯͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͹ͬ͹ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ tͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼi ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ ̀ͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͷ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ;͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͫͻͰ͸ͯͪͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ
͇͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͳ ͺͪͱΔ; ͵͹ͯ tͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼi ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ ; ̓ͳ͸ͳ ΒͰͼͽͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ Ͱ͵ͼͽͰͻͳΒͰͻ
́ͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ΒͰ;ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬ͹ͷ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͳͶ; ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͹ͼͳͷ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ͸Ͱ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ
͹͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸;͎ͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͼͶ;ͱͳ;tͅͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͼiͻͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͬ;ͯͪͳͼͽͪ͌
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Β;ͺͻͰͿͰͻͳͻͪΒ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳtͲͰͷΓͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͪi ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ
͹ͬ͹ͭͶͪ͸΁ͪͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͼ;ͳͲͷͰ͸ͳͶͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ͸ͰͻͰ΁ͰͺͽͰ
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ ͪͳͷͪͳ΀ͺ;͸͹
ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪΒͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͯ͹ͬͰ͹ ͯ͹ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͯ͹ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͯͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ͆Ͱ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͰͼͪͷͪΔͰ ͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͼͪͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͫ͹ͻͰͼ͹ͬͳͷ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷ ͪͶͳΒͰͬͪͱ
͸͹ͯͪͫ͹ͻͫͪͳͺͪ͵ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ
269
͈͇̾̀́̓́́͊͠ͅ–̸̸̸̻͇̹͎͉͇̺͐́͑͋́͋̈́̈́͆́͋̾͆̽ͅ
͈ͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͷͰΌ;ͺͻͬͳͷͪΒͰ͸ͪ;ͯͪͻ;
ͺͳͼͷ͹͆Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͽͳͳͲͼͬ͹ͭͯͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪͯͪͫͳ͸ͪͷͽ͹ͫͳͶ͹Βͪͼ͸͹̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͺͳͼͷ͹ΕͳͻͳͶͳ΁ͪ ͻͰͽ͵͹ΕͰͷ͹͸ͪͳΕͳ͸ͪΕͳͻͳͶͳ΂͸Ͱ͸ͪͺͳͼͰ ͹ͼͳͷͽͪͷ͹ͭͯͰΒͰͽ͹͸;ͱ͸͹
̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;ͺͳͼͷ͹ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͬͪͱ͸ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪΒͰͺͻͬͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͬͶͪͼͽͳ;͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳ
͸ͪ͵͹͸ΔͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪΓͰΔͪͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͫͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͽͲͬ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͭͺͳͼͷͪ
͈͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ ΒͰ ;Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͬ͹
ͻͰ΃ͳͽͪΒtͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷi͋͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΒͰͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼ͵ͳͯͪΔͪͳͶ͹ͷΓͰΔͪͽͪͫͶͳͼͪ
ΕͳͻͳͶͳ΂͸ͳͷ͸ͪͺͳͼͳͷͪ;̺;͵͹ͬͪͻ; ;͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β̀͸ͪ΂ͳ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͺͻͪͬͳ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸ͪ ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͺͻͬ͹ ͼͰ ͽͰͱͳ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ; ͺͳͼͷͪ ̓ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ΃ͪΓͰ
ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͱͰΓͪ͸ ͺͻͬͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵ΒͰͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͽͳͷ;ͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͳͼ
ͷ͹;΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ
t͡;ͯͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͯͪͳͷͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͽͰ͵͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͼ;ͷͪͲ͸ͪ͵͹ͬͪͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ
ͼͪͷ͹ ͹ͯ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; Ͳͪ ͼͬͰ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ ͼͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳͷ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͷi ̹ͪ;ͷͪ͸
ͺͻͰͷ̸ͪͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ ΒͰ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪ͸͹ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͠ͰͲͳ͵ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰΒͰͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹΂;ͽͳ ͺͻͬͰ͸
ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͰΌ;ͷͶͪͯͳͷͪ
ͷ͸͹ͭͰͻͰ΂ͳ͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ;ͷͰͼͽ͹͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͷ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;͸ͪ΃Ͱ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰͽ͹ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ͹ͬͪ͵͹΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ΂;ͽͳͯͪͷͶͪͯͳ͵ͪͱ;ͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͽ͹ͺ–΃ͽ͹ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͰ
ͬͰͯͰͼͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͬͻ΀͇ͬͪͽ;Όͳ΁ͪͼͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪ͵ͪͯͪͷͶͪͯͳͱͰͶͰͯͪ͵ͪͱ;ͯͪͼ;
͸Ͱ͵ͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸ͳ ͯ͹ͫͻͳ̽ͻ;ͭͪͻͰ΂͵͹ΒͪͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰ΂;ͽͳΒͰͿ;Ͷ ΃ͽ͹ ͺͻͰ
ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ͼͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͺ;͸͹ ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͳ ͸Ͱ
Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;;͵͹Βͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳ΀;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ΒͰͻ
ͼ;ͽͪ͵͹΂;Ͷͳͳ͸ͪ;΂ͳͶͳ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͇͸ͳ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Β͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪΒ;ͻͰ΂ͳ
ͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͷͪͶ͹ͺͻͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯͼͷͰ΀;ͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔ;
͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ΒͰͻͼ;tͼͽͪͻ͹ͷ͹ͯ͸ͳi͌ͽ͹ͷͰͳΒͰͼͽͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ– ͯͪͼͰͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͳtͷ͹ΒͰi ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͳͲͪͷ͹ͯͰͻͪ͸ͼͬͰͽͫͰͲͬͻͰͯ͸͹ ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ
͹΂;ͬͪΒ; ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͳͷͳͽͳͬ΁ͳ ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ͫ͹ͻͫͪ ;ͭ;΃ͳ ͼͬͳͷ ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͬͳͷ
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷ̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳͼͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͰͺͶͳΕ;ͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͹ͷ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ;͸ͪͷͰͻͳͯͪ
͹ͼͬͰͽͶͳͷ͹ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͷͰΌ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͰͺͻͳͼͰͽͳͽͳͳ̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒͰͬ͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ͹
tͽͻͳ ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪΒ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͽͳ΂; ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͼͬͰͽ; –
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͯͳΒͪͼͺ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͳͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱͳͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱi ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͼͪͷͳ
tͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ΓͳͬͰ Ͳͫ;Δ;Β;ΕͰ ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ
͵Ͷͪͼ͸͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰi "QBEVSBK ͼͽͻ

͉;ͼͳ ͼ;͸ͪ΃Ͷͳͯ͹ͫͪͻ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͼͺ͹ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͷͻͰͱͪ'BDF#PPL͵͹ͯΔͳ΀ΒͰͲͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͿ͹ͻͷ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰ̺̓͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͰ.
͊ͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͉;ͼͳΒͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪΒ;ͳͼͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͳ΂ͳͽͪͬͼͬͰͽ ͼͪͷ͹t͸ͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸i͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ
͸ͪͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ Ͳͪ Viber – ͻ;ͼ͵ͪ ͬͰͻͲͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͋ͰͶͰͭͻͪͷ ́ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ
270
ͳ̺̓͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͰ ͳ͋ͰͶͰͭͻͪͷ
ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳ͸ͼͽͪͶͳͻͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ ͷͪͭͯͰ ͯͪͱͳͬͳ ͽͪ͵͹͉ͯͪ;ͼͳ͸ͳͼ;͹ͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͼ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͬͰΕ ͽ͹ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͼ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵ͳͷ ͆ͪ ͹ͬͪΒ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼ;ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͶͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͪ ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;͹ͫͲͳͻ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͽ͹ΒͰͳ
͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹
ͪͶͳͼ;ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͶͳͼͬ͹ΒΒͰͲͳ͵ͳͺͳͼͷ͹ ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͼ;ͯͪͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ
ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ
̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹΂;ͬͪͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ͸Ͱ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͶͳΒͰͫ͹ΓͰͯͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͱͳͬͳͺ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ ̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ͺͳͼͷ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͺ͹͸͹ͼͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͬͪͱ͸ͳ ̀ͪͷͳͼͶͳͽͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͫ;ͯͳͽͰͼͰ;ͺ;ͼͽͳΔͳ ͹͵͹ͬͪͼ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱͭͪ ͳͷͪ
ͽͰ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͯͪͼͽͰͼͪͷͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ;͆ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͰ ͫͳΓ͵Ͱ ͸ͳ΂Ͱ̸ͭͪͶͳ ͬͳͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ
ͷͳͼͶͳͽͰͯͪͼͽͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ ͺͪͷͰͽ͸ͳ ͲͻͰͶͳͳ΀ͻͪͫͻͳͳ ͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͽͰ ͼͪͷͳ ͼ͸ͪΕͳ ͸ͳ͵͹ ͬͪͷ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸̿ͰͶͳͽͰͯͪͼͽͳͭ͸ͰͽͰͯ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ΁ͳΓͪͳͼͪͷ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͽͰͯͪ͵ͻͰ͸ͰͽͰͯͰͼ͸͹ͷͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͷ
͎͹ͯͪͽͰͯ;ͭ͹ ͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͽͰ;ͷͰͼͽ; ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͼͰ͸ͰͷͰΔ͈ͪͻͰͯͰ͹ΒͰͳͯͪΓͰͳͼͽͳ͈͹ͷͳͼͶͳͽͰ
ͷ͹ͱͯͪͼͽͰͺͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͳͶͳͺ;ͽ͇ͯͶ;΂ͳͽͰͯͪͼͰͬͻͪͽͳͽͰ ͺͪͯͪ͵ͻͰ͸ͰͽͰͶͰͬ͹ͷͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͷ̺ͻͪΕͪͽͰͼͰ
ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͰͯͪͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪͽͰ͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰͼͽͰͺ͹΃Ͷͳ͎ͬͪͽͪͬͪͼͺͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͹ͫ;Ͳͳͷͪͼͽͻͪ΀͵͹Βͳ
ͼͰͷͰ΃ͪͼͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͰͷͭͶͪͯͳͳͱͰΌͳ̺ͰΕͯ;ͭ͹΀͹ͯͪͽͰ ͪͳͯͪΓͰ͸ͳͭͯͰ͸ͳͼͽͰͼͽͳͭͶͳ͎ͪͶ;΁ͳ͸ͳͻͪͽͰ
ͺͻͳͬͳΌͪΒ;ͬͪͷͼͰΓ;ͯͳͳͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵͹Βͳ΀͸Ͱͷͪ͊ͶͰͯͰΕͰ΃ͽ͹ͬͪͷͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪͼ;ͯͰͺͻͰͼͳΒͪ ͹΂ͪΒ ͺͪͽΔͪ
ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͸͹΃Γͳͬͼͽͻͪ΀͊΀ͬͪͽͪͽͰ– ͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸ͳͼͽͰ ͸ͳΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͽͪΒͺ;ͽ͵ͻͰΕͰͽͰͼͪͷͳ͇ͬ͹ͷ
ͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻ͹ͷΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͯ͹ͫͻͳ΀ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳͷͪ͸ͪͼ;΂ͰΒ͹΃͹ͯ
ͷͪͶͳ΀͸͹ͭ; ͪ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͯͪΓͰ;΂ͳͷ͹;΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͸ͪͶͳͽ;ͻͭͳΒͳ͈;ͼͽͳΔͪ͹͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͻͰ΂ͳͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͬͰͽ;͵͹ΒͰͷͱͳͬͳͷ͹ͳ;͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪͷ͹̿ͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͰͳͫͳΓ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ΀;͹ͬ͹Βͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱͷͪ

ͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͳ΂͸͹ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ ͺͳͼͷ͹̸͵͹; ͼͬͰͽ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͫͰͲ͹ͬͳ΀
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͷͰͻ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͪ ͸ͰΕͰͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ;ͽͺͻͪͬͳ͆Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͷ͸ͪ
ͽ͹;͵ͪͲͪͶ͹́͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃ͳͷ͹ ͸ͰΕͰͷ͹ͫͳͽͳͼͬͰͼ͸ͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͭͻͰ΃͵Ͱͳͼͪͷ͹ΕͰͷ͹ͯ;ͫΓͰͼͻΓͪ
ͽͳ;ͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽ͌ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹Βͺͻͳ΂ͳͳͯͰͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ̽ͰͶͰͽͳΕͪͯͪt͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽ Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪͬͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; Ͳͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͰͷ ͹͵;ͺΓͪ ͸;ͯͳ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ ͷͰͼͽͪ ͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵͹ΒͳͼͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪi ̽ͰͶͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ 86).
̸̸̸͇̻͇͇̺͌ͣ͆͊͋͐͌͆͢ͅ͏̸͇͉́͆̈́͆̾̓͌̈́͋͌̾
͆ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳ ΔͰ͸ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͷ͹ͭ; ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳͽͳ ͼͬ͹Β; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͈ͻͬͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵ΒͰͼͽͰͺ͹ͯͳͲͪΔͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;΂;ͬͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͋͹ΒͰͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͰͷΕͰͼͰͭͻͪͯͳͽͳ͵;Ε̸ͪ͵͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳΒͰͼͬͰͼͽͪ͸Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͬͪͱ͸ͪͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͬͪ͵ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁
ͷ͹ͱͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͽͳͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪ ͹͸ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͸ͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹͸ͪͯͪͽͳͼͰ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͇͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;ͺͳ΃Ͱͳ͊ͽͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ͈ͰΒ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͵͹ΒͪͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰtΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͲͰͷͪΓͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹Βͭͻ͹Ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͪͶͳͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺͪͶͪ͸ͪ΂͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ̀ͪͽ͹ͳ͸ͳͼͷ͹;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͬͳͯͰͽͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ
͹͸ͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ͵ͪ͵ͬͪΒͰͼͽͰ ͪͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͺͻͳΒͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͻͪͲͫͳͽͳͷͳͽ͹ͬͰͳͳͶ;ͲͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪ
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͼͰͫͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͳͳͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰͽ;Όͳͷ͹΂ͳͷͪi 4UBOLPWJǀ1FKOPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰͯͳΒͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ;͸͹ͯͪͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸;͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;͈͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͰͷͳͽ;ΒͰ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͰͷͳͼͳΒͪ
271
΂ͳΒͪͼͰͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ; ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸ͪͷͰͼͽͪͳͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͵͹ΒͰͽͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ
ͳͷͪ ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹͸ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
ͼͬ͹Β; ͯͻͱͪͬ; ; ͼͬͰͽ; ͼͺ͹ͻͽͳͼͽͳ ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ΒͰ
ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͷͰͯͳΒͪ΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳ
͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ
͊ͶͰͯͰΕͳ ͵͹ͻͪ͵ ΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ̓ͻ͹Ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͯ;΀ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ
͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͳͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹
͆Ͱͯ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪͯͰ΁ͪͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;΃͵͹Ͷ; ͪͯͪ
͸ͰͲ͸ͪΒ;͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͯͰͽͪΓͰͳͲͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͳͶͳͯͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪΒ;ͳͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͺͳͼͪ΁ͪ,
ͺͰͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ͵ͪ t͊ͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͰͼͷͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͰͯͪͼͰͽͪ͵͹͸ͪ͸͹ͼͳ͵ͪͽͪͼ
ͽͻ͹ͿͪͶ͸ͪ ΃ͽͰͽͪ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ; ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ ͼͪ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳͷͪ
ͬͰͻͰͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼͽͳ̽;΀͹ͬ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͼͬ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͷͳͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͯͪͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹ͳͯͪΒͰ
ͺ͹΃ͽ;ΒͰͷ͹i ̻;ͼ͵͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ͫͳ ͫͳͶ͹ͯͪ ͼͰ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͸ͪ ΂ͪͼ;
ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪͯͰ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͳͭͻͪΔ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͭͪͻͪ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͼͺͪΒͪͶͰͺ͹ͳ
͵͹ͻͳͼ͸͹ͯͰ΁ͪͫͳ͸ͪ;΂ͳͶͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͳͲͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͫͳͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΂ͪͼ;΂ͳ͸ͳ͹Ͳͪ͸ͳ
ͷΓͳͬͳΒͳͷ͌΃͵͹ͶͪͷͪͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͬͳ΃ͰͼͬͰ΂ͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷͬͪͱ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ͵ͪ̀ͪͽͳͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͫͳͫͳͶ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͼ͵;ͺ͹ͬͰͳͶͳͼͪͼͽͪ͸͵Ͱ͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͳͷͪͫͳͯͰ΁ͪͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪͺ͹͵ͪͱ;ͳͶͳͳͼͺͻͳ΂ͪΒ;΃ͽͪ Ͳ͸ͪΒ;͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ͋ͪ͵ͬͪͯͻ;ͱͰΔͪͫͳ
ͫͳͶͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕ;Β;ΕͰͭͳͲͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͭͯͰͫͳͼͰͯͰ΁ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪͶͪͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͳ
ͬͪͱ͸ͳͷ ΒͰͻͳ΀͸Ͱ͵͹ͺͳͽͪͲͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ
ͲͪͫͪͬΓͪͶͪͫͳͼͰ ͪͳ͸ͪ;΂ͳͶͪͺ;͸͹͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͳ͹
ͽ͹ͷͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰ΁Ͱ͸Ͱͳ΂;ͬͪΒ; ͡;ͫͪͬͺͻͰͷͪͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͯͻͱͪͬͳͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͯͪͼͰ΂;ͬͪ
͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͪ͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͳͷ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔͪ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͫͳ;΂Ͱͼ
ͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͪͯͰ΁ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ͵͹ͯΔͳ΀ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͪ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͪͯͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸;ͳ͹͸ͳͫͳ͵ͪͼ
͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳΓ;ͯͳ
͊ͬͪ͵ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͯͪ ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͯ͹ͫͻ; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͼͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͵͹Βͳ ͱͳͬͳ ͬͪ͸
ͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳΒͰͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵͵ͪͯͪΓ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͱͳͬͰ;ͯͳΒͪͼͺ͹ͻͳͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͰͼͬ͹ΒΒͰͲͳ͵ͳͺͳͼͷ͹
ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽ͹ͺͰͼͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ ; ΂ͳΒ; ͼ;ͯͻͱͪͬ;ͯ͹΃Ͷͳ̀ͪͽ͹ ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ
ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͰͳ͹͵;ͺΓͪΔͪͭͯͰΕͰͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΕͰͼͰͳͭͻͪͽͳ
ͺͰͬͪͽͳ ͫͰͼͰͯͳͽͳ ͪͼͬͰ;΁ͳΓ;͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͋ͳͼ;ͼͻͰͽͳ͸ͰͼͷͰΒ;Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͲͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͯͰ΁Ͱͯ͹ͫͪ͵ͪͳͯͰ͵ͪ ͼͬͳ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽͳ
͉͌;ͼͳΒͳͼͰ͸ͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͪͬͰΕͳ΀ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪͷ͹ͭ;ͬͳͯͰͽͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͽͻ;ͯ͸;ͱͰ͸;
ͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͪͳͯͬ͹ΒͰͯͰ΁Ͱ ͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͪͳͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁;͇ͬͳͷͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͼͰͬͰͶͳ΂ͪΒ;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹
ͼͽͳ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰΓ;ͯͳͷͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͽͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳ΃ͽͪΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͹͸ͪ
͹ͺͼͽͪͶͪ
̽ͻͱͪͬͪ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;͵ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͷ͹ͻͪ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͯͪͺ͹ͷͪͱͰͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;ͳ͹ͫ͸͹ͬ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ͬͰͶͳ΂ͪΒ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͅ͹ͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪͽͳ ΃ͽ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͷ;ͲͰΒͪ ͫͳ͹ͼ͵͹ͺͪ
ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪ͆Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳͯͪΕͰΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹tͺͻ͹΁ͬͰͽͪͽͳiͪ͵͹ͼ;Β͹Β͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ
;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰ;Ͷ͹΃ͰͷͼͽͪΔ; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ
͆ͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͪΔͰͯͪͼͰ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
272
ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͷͪ͋͹΂ͪ͵͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹
ͯͪΓ;ͯͳͫ;ͯ;΃ͳͻ͹͵ͳ΀ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪͳͯͪͲ͸ͪΒ;͵ͪ͵ͬͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ́Ͳͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺ;͸͹
͸ͪ;΂ͳͽͳ̽͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ΒͰΓ;ͯͰͺͻͳͬ͹ͶͰͽͳͯͪ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺ͹ͼͰΕ;Β;;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΒͰͻΕͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
͸ͪ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͼͪͷ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;͋͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳͽͪ͵͹
΃ͽ͹ ΕͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͷͰͼͰ΂͸͹ ͯͰͶͳͽͳ ͫͰͼͺͶͪͽ͸Ͱ ;ͶͪͲ͸ͳ΁Ͱ Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͪ ̸ ͵ͪͯͪ
Γ;ͯͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͲͪͬ͹ͶͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹͹͸ͪ͸;ͯͳ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳΕͰͯͪ΁Ͱ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͽͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ;͸ͳΒͰ
ͼ͵;ͺͪͳͻͪͯ͹ΕͰͷͰΔͪͽͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͬͰ΂ͰͻΔͳͳͲͶͪͲͪ͵Ͳͪ;ͱͳͽͪ͵͵͹Βͳ͹͸ͪͺͻ;ͱͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͬͪ͵B ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͯͪ ;ͶͪͱͰ ; ͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱ ͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͼ͵;ͺ͹ͬͰ ͋͹ ͼ; ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͻͪΌͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͳͫͳͽ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;͆Ͱ
ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͰ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͷͪͽͰ
ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪΒ;͸ͪͽ͹͵͹ͼͷ͹ͳ΃ͽͪͼͷ͹͆ͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ͻ͹ͯ͹Γ;ͫͳͬͪ
ͺͰͼͷͪ ͭͻͫͳͲͪͼͽͪͬͪ ΀ͳͷ͸ͪ͆Ͱ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹͸͹ͼͼͪͷ͹;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΕͰͷ͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪͼͷ͹
ͺ͹͸͹ͼ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͬ͹Β;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ΃ͽ͹ΕͰͷ͹t͸ͪ΃Ͱi ͬͰͶͳ΂ͪͽͳ ͳ͹͸͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͳͶ͹΃Ͱ
ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ
͵͹͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯͪt͸ͪͷͪi ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹͈ͭ͹ͯ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷͼͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰ
ͬͪΒ;ͳͷͶͪͯͳΓ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͳΒ;ͳͱͰΓ;ͯͪ;΂ͰͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͼ;ͳͼͽͪͻͳΒͳΓ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳ
ͼ;ͺ;͸͹͸ͪ;΂ͳͶͳ ͳͲͪ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰΔͳͬ͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ ͪͶͳͳͭͻͰ΃͵Ͱ ͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;ͯͪ
ͷͶͪͯͰ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪͳ΀͸Ͱͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΒ; ͬͰΕͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͺͪͷͰͽ͸ͳΒͳͳͫ͹Γͳ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ
ͷͶͪͯͳ ͳ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ ;ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͪ ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͰͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ Γ;ͫͪͬͳ ͳ ͺ͹͸͹ͼͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸Ͱ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͷͪͯ;΃; Ͳͪͽ͹ͳ͸ͳΒͰ
Ͷͪ͵͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͽͳΒͰ͠Ͱͻ ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒͷͪͶͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹͸Ͱͫͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͹̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰ͸Ͱ
ͽͻͰͫͪ ͺͻͰͯͪͽͳ ͪΒ͹΃ͷͪΔͰ ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳ; ͺͻͳ΂; ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ ͼ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͷͪͶͳ΀
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͲͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͳͯͪͼͬͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͺͻͰ΁ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΂Ͱͷ;͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͳ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͈͹͵;΃ͪΒ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͬͳ΃ͰΒͰͯ͹ͬͰ͹ͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯ͹ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ
΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ; ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺͻ;ͱͳͶͰ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹
ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͰͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ͐ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͯͪͷͪͶͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ
͸ͰͷͪΒ;΃ͽͪͯͪͺ͹͸;ͯͰͼͬͰͽ;͹ͼͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰΔͳͬ͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͱͰͶͳͯͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸Ͱ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪ
ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͳͯͰΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͳͯͪͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸Ͱͯͪ͹͸ͰͺͻͰͻͪͼͽ;;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͰ
͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͪͱ͸ͳ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͳΔͰ͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯt͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͬͪΒ;i ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵
ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͰͲͯ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͲΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ– Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳͼͬͰͽ;

273
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌

̻ͯͰ ͼ; ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ̺ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͠ ͣͳͻͳΕ ͌ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
͈ͪͼͳ͹͸ͳͻͪ͸ͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ ͳͳͶͳ Ͱ;
ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͊
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͻͪͽ͵ͪ͹ͻͪͽͲͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ;̸͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ̓ͅ͸ͰͱͰͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ
;ͻ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ –
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
Apaduraj, A. (2011). ,VMUVSBJHMPCBMJ[BDJKB#FPHSBE#JCMJPUeka XX vek.
Berk, P. (2010). 0TOPWJLVMUVSOFJTUPSJKF#FPHSBE$MJP
̺;͵͹ͬͳΕ ̽
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸͹ͬͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ̺ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͠
ͣͳͻͳΕ ͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
(JEFOT &
0ECFHMJTWFULBLPHMPCBMJ[BDJKBQSFPCMJLVKFOBØFßJWPUF#FPHSBE4UVCPWJLVMUVSF
Gidens, E. (2007). 4PDJPMPHJKB#FPHSBE&LPOPNTLJGBLVMUFU
̻;ͼ͵͹ͬͪ ͠
͐;ͬͪΔͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳ
ͷͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ;̺̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͣ͠ͳͻͳΕ ͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
. ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
̽ͰͶͰͽͳΕ ̀
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ; ̸ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͅ ̓͸ͰͱͰͬͳΕ
ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ
ͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
̈́͹ͷͺͪͻ ͅ
͈͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ$BUFOB.VOdi.
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́ͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;̺
̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͣ͠ͳͻͳΕ ͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–918).
4UBOLPWJǀ1FKOPWJǀ 7
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̓͸ͰͱͰͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹
ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
4UPKBOPWJǀ %
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͋ͬͻͯͳ΃ͳΕ ̽
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͫͰͲ;ͷΓ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳͼͪͫ͹ͻ̽ͬͰͻͳ
Tramošljanin, B. (2012). Globalizacija i mehanizmi njenog ostvarivanja. 4PDJPMPØLJ EJTLVST /BVǁOJ
ǁBTPQJTJ[PCMBTUJESVØUWFOJIOBVLB, **
–
274

"/Ƅ&-"/Ƅ03Ƅ&7*Ƃ
*/5&38*/*/(0'$6-563&4745)&IMPOSITION OF ONE CULTURE

(Including the language policy as an important element of globalism
as well as preserving national identity)

SUMMARY
The statement that culture is a basic element of the national identity of a nation will be accepted by
some people but disputed by the others. It is necessary to look back on certain facts if we want to say who is
right and who is wrong. Namely, throughout history, every strong and powerful state intended to impose its
cultural elements to other nations. On the other hand, the small and poor nations that were the target for
world powers tried to defend themselves in different ways preserving their culture and tradition. Why is that
TP
In a period of recent history, the USA has been trying to impose its cultural elements and values to the
rest of the world. This process is known as XFTUFSOJ[BUJPO)PXFWFS XFIBWFXJUOFTTFEUIFSFTJTUBODFUPUIJT
form of tyranny, primarily by few countries on the rise (such as China, Russia and India). It could be said
that there is a sort of competition among states where they, in their attempt to impose their cultural values,
lead to intertwining of cultures. We should certainly not forget the small nations that are incapable of impo-
sing themselves to the others – therefore, we wPOEFSXIBUXJMMIBQQFOUPUIFN
Imposing one’s own culture to other nations is the modern form of colonialism. Namely, it is the colo-
nialism which is wrapped in fine wrapping paper that is attractive and seems harmless. But, what is the futu-
re and prosperiUZPGUIFXPSMEJOXIJDITVDITUSVHHMFTBSFUBLJOHQMBDF 8IZBSFUIFZUBLJOHQMBDFBUBMM
These are the questions that need to be answered.
,&:803%4 culture, tradition, changes, imposing, powerful states.

-
̸̸̹͇͉̺͚͇̺́͊̈́͌̓͆́ͣ͠ 1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ̽͹Δ̻ͪ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͲͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
͈͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ ͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪ
̸̸̹̺͊́͆̓͆̾̿̾́ͣ͠ͅ-̸͋͊́ͣ2
͈ͼͳ΀ͳΒͪͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͫ͹Ͷ͸ͳ΁ͪ ẗ́͹ͻͳΒͰ͸i, ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ

̸̸̹͎̺͇͉̺͇́̾́̈́͆̾̀́͊͆͊͋́͌
͉̹͊́́́͠͏͉͇̻͇͉͆́͠

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌͹ͬ͹Βͼͽ;ͯͳΒͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͳͯͰ͹-

ͳͭͻͳ΁Ͱ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͍ͰΒͼͫ;͵ Γ;ͫͪͬ͸ͳͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ ͻͪͯ ΀ͻͪ͸ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͼͰ͵ͼ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͳ ͵͹΁͵ͪ
ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼ
͸ͪͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀;Ͳͻͪͼͽͪ͹ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ
;͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳ ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰͼ;ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ
ͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷ ͯ;ͬͪ͸ ͷͪͻͳ΀;ͪ͸ͪ ͹ͺͳΒͪͽͳ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͼͽͳͷ;Ͷͪ͸ͼͳ
̀ͪ ͼͬͪ͵; ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳͼ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳͬͳͼ͹͵;ͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͰͶͳΒͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ;ͷͪͼ͹ͬ
͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ;̸͊̽ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͊ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͷͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͪͷͪ
ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷ ͼ͵ͪͶ͹ͷ Ͳͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͬͪΒ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳΒ;ͷ ΒͰ ͼͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ͭͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͪͶ͸͹ͭͽͳͺͪ͌͹ͫͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳͼͽͳ
ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳΒ;ͷ͌ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͼ; ͺ͹ͻͰͯͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸Ͱͳͷ;Ͷͽͳͬͪ
ͻͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ
͉ͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼ;ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ;
͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳͬͻͶ͹ͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸Ͱ ͼͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪͶͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹
ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲ͸ͪͯͼ;ͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͬͪ͸Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͪͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱ
͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪͳͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ;͹ͫͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͸;ͽͪͻͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪ͹ͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹
ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸͵ͶͪͼͽͰͻ ͼͰ͵ͼ ͳ͸ͽͰ-
ͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼ ͵͹΁͵ͪͳͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷ
͵͹Βͳ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ͵͹ͻͰͶͳͻͪͼͪͼͬͳͷͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷͪͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺͻͰͯͳ͵ͽ;ΒͰͼͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸͹ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͷͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷͲͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͈͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ;ͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͼͳ΀͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹
ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ ͵͹ͻͰͶͳͻͪΒ; ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͼͪ ͼͬͳͷ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͈ͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸Ͱ Ͷ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ
1
borivoje@gmail.com
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ktjasmina@gmail.com
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ȭɍɄȺɇɈȼɂȶɄɇȿɀȿȼɂȶ-ɌȺɋɂȶ: ȻɢɯɟɜɢɨɪɚɥɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɧɨɫɬɢɭɋɪɛɢʁɢɢɐɪɧɨʁȽɨɪɢ...
;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͳ͸ͯͻ͹ͷ ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͺͻͰͯͳ͵ͽ;ΒͰ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ
ΒͪͬΓͪΔͰͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͆ͪΒͲͪͯ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰ ͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͪΒ͹΃ͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ
͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͪͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪ

̺͇͌̽
͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͪͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͰͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ
ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͷ͸͹ͭͰͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ Ͱͽͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͫͳ
͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͽ͹͵;ͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͵͹ͷ͹ͻͫͳͯͳͽͰͽ; ͻͰͪͭ͹
ͬͪΔ;͸ͪͶͰ΂ͰΔͰͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ
͈ͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͯͳΒͪͭ͸͹ͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͲͪΒͰ
ͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͵Ͷͳ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͪͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ
ͺͻͰ͹͵;ͺͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹΃Ε; ͱ;ͯΔͪ ͵͹ͷͺ;ͶͲͳΒͪͳͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͪͺͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͸
΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͳ͸ͯͻ͹ͷͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵;ͺͻͪͱΔͪͬͪΔͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ΃ͽͰͽ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ
ͅͰΌ;
ͽͳͷ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹΁͵ͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪ͸͹ ͳͲͪ΂ͳΒ;ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͼͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹΃Ε;͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵
ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͳͷͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ͯ͹͵ͪͲͪ ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ ; ͸͹ͬ; ̽͊ͅ- ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹ ͲͪͼͰͫͪ͸
͵Ͷͳ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͳt̸ͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͰͳͼͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͪΒͳìͪͼͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͪͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͯͪΓͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
͆Ͱ;ͻ͹͵͹ͭ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸ͪͳ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺͪͽ͹
Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͵͹΁͵ͪΔͪ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪ͸; Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͪͶ͸; ͵͹ͻͽͳ͵ͪͶ͸; ͰͭͲͰ͵;ͽͳͬ͸; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;
΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͯͰͲͳ͸΀ͳͫͳ΁ͳΒͳͳͷͺ;Ͷͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͶͪͭͪΔͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬͪ͆Ͱ;ͻ͹
ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͯͳͼͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳͷͰͲ͹͵͹ͻͽͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͷͫͳ΂͵͹ͭͯ͹ͺͪͷͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
ͺ;ͽͰͬͪͲͪ͸ͪͭͻͪͯ;
ͳ͵͹ͯͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͪͳ͵͹ͯͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ͈͹ͻͰͯͯ͹ͺͪ
ͷͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͯͻ͹ͭͪͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵ͪ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼͷͳͽͰͻͪͳ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͷ͹ͯ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͼͰͻ͹ͽ͹͸ͳ͸
Ͱ͸ͯ͹ͭͰ͸ͳ͹ͺͳ͹ͳͯͳ ͭͪͷͪ-ͪͷͳ͸͹ͫ;ͽͰͻ͸ͪ͵ͳͼͰͶͳ͸ͪ ͪ΁ͰͽͳͶ-΀͹Ͷͳ͸ ͭͶ;ͽͪͷͪͽ ͸͹ͻͪͯͻͰ͸ͪͶͳ͸ ͵͹ͻ
ͽͳ͵͹ͽͻ͹ͺͳ͸-ͻͳͶͳͲͳ͸ͭͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ
͵͹ͯͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͪΒͪͳͲ͹ͫͰͭͻ;ͺͰ %BHIFSBOE3PCJOT 04VMMJWBO
FUBM ;BDLBOE1PVMPT (SBOEFUBM
̽͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͽ͵ͻͰͺΓ;Β;ͳͯͰΒ;
͹ͭͰ͸Ͱͽͼ͵ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹Βͬ;Ͷ͸ͰͻͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͇ͯͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ
ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͳͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͲͪͬͳͼͳͯͪͶͳΕͰ ͪ͵͹ͼͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ ͽ͹ͫͳͽͳ ͹ͯͼ;ͺ
ͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͏̸̸̸̺͉̺́̾́́͊͋̿́͢͡
̹;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͰ͵ͶͳͳͲ΂ͬͻ΃ΕͰͽͰ͹
ͻͳΒͼ͵͹-΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͋͹ͼ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ
277
͈ͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳͰͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͼͶͳ͵;ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ
͸͹ͷͰΌ;ͷͶͪͯͳͷͪ͏ͻ͸Ͱ̻͹ͻͰͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͲͪͽͳͷͷͰΌ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͲͪ΁ͻ͸͹
ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͹ͯ ͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ ͳ ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͽͳ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸; ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ
͌ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ;͏ͻ͸͹Β
̻͹ͻͳͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
́ͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ;͸;ͽͪͻͳͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͫͳ΀Ͱ
ͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͯͬͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͰͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ
ͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͯͬͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͯ
ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;ͯͬͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪͽͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͹ͯ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͳ ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ ; ͏ͻ͸͹Β ̻͹ͻͳ ͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͽͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ;ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ

͇͉͌̀͏́
͌͹ͬ͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͺ͹ͳͼͽͳͷ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͪͼ;ͯͬͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ
͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵͹ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪ͹ͬ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΒ;ͽͻͳͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ–
ͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵͹ͯ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͷͳ΀ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͬͳ΀ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ͹ͯ
ͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͹ͯ ͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵
͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳ΀͹ͯ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͆ͰͬͪͱͰΕͳ΀ΒͰͫͳͶ͹

͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ ͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΒ; ͽͻͳ ͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ – ͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ ͹ͯ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͼͷͳ΀
ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͬͳ΀ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͷͶͪͯͳ΀͹ͯͯ͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͹ͯ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳ΀͹ͯ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯ
ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
͈͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͷͶͪͯͳ΀͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͷͪΒ;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼ
ͽͳ͵Ͱ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͪ ͪͽͻͰΕͳͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳ
ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀ ; ͹ͫͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ ͳͷͪΒ; ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
͵ͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀͇ͬͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͺͻͰ
ͽͰͱ͸͹ͼ;ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪͪͯ͹ͶͰͼ΁Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͯ͹ͶͰͼ΁Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͽͰΒͰ;͸ͪ΃ͳͷͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪͺͻ͹
΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ;;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͺ΃ͽ;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͽ͹ͭ;Ͳͻͪͼͽͪͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹
Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͬͰΕͳ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͸Ͱͭ͹͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳ΀͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
278
̸̸̸̸͉͉͉̺́͆͊͋͌̾͆͋́͌́͊͋̿́͢͠ͅͅ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳΒ;ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹ͫͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪΒͰͳͼͽͳͲͫ͹ͭͺ͹ͽͺ;͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ
ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ́͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳΒ;ͷ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰͻͳΒͪ͹ͯͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸Ͱ΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͰͿͪ͵
ͽ͹ͻͰ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͳͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͪΒͰͻͪ͸͹ͭ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͼͬͳ ͹ͬͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͪͯͻͱͰ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͺ͹;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ͹ͬͪ͵͹
– ͬͳͯͰ͹-ͳͭͻͳ΁ͰͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ͸ͪ͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͼ͵ͪͶͳ
– ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ;ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ
– ͍ͰΒͼͫ;͵ͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ;ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ
– Γ;ͫͪͬ͸ͳ ͺͪͻͽ͸ͰͻͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ;ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ
– ͻͪͯͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ;ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ
– ΀ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͪͶ͸͹Βͼ͵ͪͶͳ
– ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͪͶ͸͹Βͼ͵ͪͶͳ
– ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ;ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ
– ͵͹΁͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ;ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ
– ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ;ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ

͊ͬͳ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰ͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͰ;ͲͰͽͳͼ;ͳͲͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃
͵ͳ΀ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪ ͊ͬͳ΀ ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͽͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳͼ;͹ͯͶͳ΂͸ͪͷͰͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳ͹ͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͲͫ͹ͻ
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͲͪͯͪͽͪΒͰͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͪͶ͸ͪͼ͵ͪͶͪ͹ͯͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͷͰͻͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ
͸͹ͼͽͲͻͰͶͳ΀ ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͳ΀ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ

̸̸̸͇͉̺̾͋̽́͊͋̿́͢ͅ
͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ;ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ;͈͊͊͊͌ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͽͪͽͳͼ
ͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳͼ;͈ͳͻͼ͹͸͹ͬ͵͹ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͽ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͋-ͽͰͼͽ͹ͬͳ ̸̸͇̺͆ Ͷͳ͸Ͱͪͻ͸ͪͻͰͭͻͰͼͳ
Βͪ ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒͪͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ
̸͉̾̀͌̈́͋͋́3
͇ͯ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ; ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͳ
ͬͳͯͰ͹-ͳͭͻͳ΁Ͱ ͳͭͻͪΒ; ͻͰͽ͵͹ ͳ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͯͳ΂͸͹
ͳͷͪΒ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͳͭͻͪΔͪ
ͬͳͯͰ͹-ͳͭͻͳ΁ͪ
ͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ
3
̀ͫ͹ͭͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳͲ͸ͰͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͪͷ͹͵͹͸ͪ΂͸ͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ̀ͪͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁ͳ
ͼͰͷ͹ͭ;͹ͫͻͪͽͳͽͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ
279
͌ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͰͳͭͻͪͬͳͯͰ͹-ͳͭͻͳ΁ͰͳͶͳͳ΀ͳͭͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͯͳ΂͸͹
ͳͲͪͽ͹͸ͰͷͪΒ;͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͪ
ΒͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͳͭͻͪΔͪ
ͬͳͯͰ͹-ͳͭͻͳ΁ͪ
͇ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
ͼ; ;ͷͰͻͰ͸ͳͭͶͰͯͪ͹΁ͳͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ
΂ͪ͵
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͲͫ͹ͭͺͻͰͽͰͻͪ͸͹ͭͭͶͰͯͪΔͪͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ ͪ
ͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ
͹ͯͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪΒͰ

͇ͯ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺ͹ͺ;͸ͳͶͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵

ͼͺͪͯͪΒ;;;ͷͰͻͰ͸ͰͭͶͰͯͪ͹΁Ͱ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͲͫ͹ͭͺͻͰͽͰͻͪ͸͹ͭͭͶͰͯͪΔͪͽͰͶͰ
ͬͳͲͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸͹ͺͻͰ͵͹΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͼͪͽͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹
ͯ͹͵ΒͰ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ
͇ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͲͫ͹ͭ
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ͍ͪͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ
ͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͪ΂ͪ͵ΒͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵
Ͳͪͬͳͼͪ͸͹͍ͯͰΒ
ͼͫ;͵ͪ ͯ͹͵
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͼ;ͯͪͶͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ
͊ͪͷ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͼͬͳ΀ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͵͹Βͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ
͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ͍ͪͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ
ͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͲͫ͹ͭͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ
͸͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ͍ͪͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ ͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸ͪ ͳͶͳ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ
͍ͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ
̀ͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ;͹ͫͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͫ͹ͭ
ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪ;ͽ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
͇ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͼͪΓ;ͫͪͬ͸ͳͷͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ͹ͷ
ͳ΀ͳͷͪ ͪ΂ͪ͵ΒͰ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ
͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ
͇ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ Δͳ΀
͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;
͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͲͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͻͪ͸ͱͷͪ͸ͪͼΓ;ͫͪͬ͸ͳͷͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ͹ͷ ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ͵͹ͷ
ͪ΂ͪ͵
ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ
͌ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ;ͼͪͼͬͳͷͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳͷͰͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͻͰ΂ΒͰ͹Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳͷ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͳͷͪͅ͹ͭ;Εͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͳ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ
ΒͪͬΓͪΒ;͹ͬͳ΀Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ͼ;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳ;ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͳ
͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͸ͳͼ;ͻͪͯ͹΀͹Ͷͳ΂ͪͻͳ
ͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͲͫ͹ͭͺͻͰ
ͽͰͻͪ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͪ
ͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͻͪͯͪ ͯ͹͵
͸ͳͼ;͸ͪ͹ͬͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͯͪͶͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͻͪͯ͹΀͹Ͷͳ΂ͪͻͼͽͬ;
ͳͷͪ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͲͫ͹ͭͺͻͰͽͰͻͪ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͪ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͪͯͪ
͸ͳͼ; ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ ͺͻͰΒͰͯͪΔ;

ͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ͭ ;͸͹΃ͰΔͪ ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͆ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ ͸ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͬͳͼͪ͸ ͹ͯ
΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͵
͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ
280
͌ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͰͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͼͶͳ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒͪ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͳͼ;
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰ͵͹ͷͺ;ͶͲͳͬ͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͶͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͼ;
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͪ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;͹ͯ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ
͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ
͸Ͱͽ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͲͫ͹ͭͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳͼ;
͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ͪ
͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ
͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ

ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͷͪͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ ͪͼͪͷ͹
ΒͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ
͇ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͳͼ;;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹͸ͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ

͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ;ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͸ͳͽͳ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ ͼͰ͵ͼͪ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ
ͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ ͹ͯͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͯ͹͵

ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͪ
͌ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͰΒͰ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͺ͹ͺ;͸ͳ͹
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ
ͽͳ͢ͳ΀͸ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰ͵͹ͷͺ;ͶͲͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͸ͳͽͳͲͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ
ͳͷͪͶ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ; ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͵͹Βͳ ͼ;;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳ͸ͪ
ͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺ;ͶͲͳͬ͸ͪͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͪΔͳ΀
ͫͳͶͳͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯͼͰ͵ͼͪ
͸Ͱͷͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪ
ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ
ͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͪ ΂ͪ͵
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ Ͳͪͬͳͼͪ͸ ΒͰ ͹ͯ
ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ ͯ͹͵Δͳ΀
͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹
͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱ–
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͺͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ
ͳͷͪΒ; ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ͭ
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪ ͪ΂ͪ͵
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͯͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ
͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͼͪ
͵͹΁͵ͪΔͰͷ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯ͵͹΁͵Ͱ ͯ͹͵
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ
͇ͯͼͬͳ΀ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͸ͳͽͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳ ͸ͳͽͳͺͪͽ͹
Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͵͹΁͵ͪͻͳ ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͵͹΁͵ͪͻͪ ͳͷͪ
ͪ ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͵͹΁͵ͪͻͪ ΂ͪ͵
(9,2%).
͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͹ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͲͫ͹ͭͭͶͰͯͪΔͪͼͰ͵
ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͪΒͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ;
ͳͷͪ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͪ

͇ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͼͺ;͸ͳͶͳ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͲͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ͹ͯͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͪΒͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ; Δͳ΀
͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͲͫ͹ͭͭͶͰͯͪΔͪͼͰ͵ͼ;
ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͪΒͽ͹ͬͪ ͸ͳͽͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͷͪΒ; ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͪ

ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷ(SFFGJFME%/
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
281
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΂͸ͪͳͬͰ͹ͷͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͈ͪͻͰͷͪͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͬͳͷ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͼ;ͯͬͰͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ
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̸̸̸̺͇͇͈͎͇̺͎͈̀́͊͆͊͋́̽͊́̓͋́͆́͊͌͊͋͆͏́
͇ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; Δͳ΀
͸Ͱͺ;΃ͳͳͶͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ
Ͳͫ͹ͭͺ;΃ͰΔͪͯ;ͬͪ͸ͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͪ
ͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͯ;ͬͪ͸ͪ
͌ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱ ͺ;΃ͰͳͶͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͲͫ͹ͭͺ;΃ͰΔͪ
ͯ;ͬͪ͸ͪ ͯ͹͵
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͪ
ͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯͯ;ͬͪ͸ͪ
ͼ;ͪͺͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͳͳͶͳͺͳΒ;ͻͰͽ͵͹ͳ;
ͷͪͶͳͷ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͪ
ͼ;;ͿͪͲͳͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͪ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹͵

̸ͺͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ ͳ ͹͸ͳ΀ ͵͹Βͳ ͻͰͽ͵͹ ͳ ; ͷͪͶͳͷ ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͳͻͪΒ; ͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ
;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͳͷͪ
;ͿͪͲͳͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵
͊ͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͪͬͳ
ͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͸ͳͼ;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪͶͳͷͪͻͳ΀;ͪ͸;

ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹͵
͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹
͐ͪ͵
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͷͪͻͳ΀;ͪ͸;
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;
ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͪ
ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͇ͯ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
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ͼ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͲͪ
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͌ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͸ͳͼ; ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳ ΀Ͱͻ͹ͳ͸ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͹ͺͳΒͪͽͰ

ͼ; ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳ ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰ ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͪ
ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ΀Ͱͻ͹ͳ͸ͪ ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͺͳΒͪͽͪ
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ͼͰ
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ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͼͽͳͷ;Ͷͪ͸ͼͪ
ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͪ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̾ͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͼͶͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͸ͪΒͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸ͳΒͳͷͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͪͷͪ– ͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷ;ͳͯ;ͬͪ͸;
282
̸͈̺͇͌̈́͋́̈́̾̀́͊͆͊͋́ͅ
͈͹ͯͼͰͽͳͷ͹ͼͰͯͪΒͰͽͻͰΕͳ΁ͳΓ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͫͳ͹ͯͪͼͰ;ͽͬͻͯͰͬͰͲͰ;͸;ͽͪͻͳͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ́Ͳ͸ͰΕͰͷ͹ͼͪͷ͹͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͫͰͲ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͪ ΒͰͻͲͪͽ͹
͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ
͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪͯͬͰͳͬͳ΃Ͱͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹
ͼͽͳ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪ
ͯͬͰ ͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͳ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͆ͪΒͲͪͯ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ
ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͳͳͶͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪͯͬͰͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ΂ͪ͵ ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
ͷͰΌ;ͪͻͳͽͷͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͪΒͰͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ ͽ ͺ

̸͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͸ͳΒ;ͼͶͳ͵;ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͷ͹͵ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͷͰΌ;;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͲͪͲͪͬͳ
ͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹Ͳͪͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̹ͰͲͳΒͰͯ͸ͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ
;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͳ ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ͪ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ
͊ͪͯͬͰͳͬͳ΃ͰΒͰ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ͪ ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͽ ͺ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͼ; ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͳ ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ; ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ
ͼ͵͹ͷ
̓ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͹͸ͯͪ ͼ; ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͷͰΌ; ;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪ
ͷͪͶͰ ͌ ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ΒͰ ͫͰͲ ͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͼͪ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹΃Ε; ͪͼͪͯͬͰͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͌ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ΒͰͫͰͲͳΒͰͯ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ
ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͼͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹΃Ε; ͪͼͪͯͬͰͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͽ ͺ

͉ͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ̽͹ͯ;΃Ͱ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳt;͵͹ͻͳͼͽi
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͫͰͲͳΒͰͯ͸ͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ
ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͪͼͪͯͬͰͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ;ͼͻͺ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͫͰͲ ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͪͼͪͯͬͰͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ́ͲͷͰΌ; ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͪ ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸Ͱ ͼ;
ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͽ ͺ
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͪͻͳͽͷͰͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ
ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
̹ͰͲͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͪΒͰͯ
͸͹ͷͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͪͼͪͯͬͰͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͌ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͫͰͲͳΒͰͯ͸ͰΒͰͫͳͶ͹ ͼͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼͪͯͬͰͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͼ;͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͅͰΌ;ͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪΌͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;;΂ͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;΁ͻ͸͹
ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ ͽ ͺ

͆ͪΒͲͪͯ ͷͰΌ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͷͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͫͰͲͳΒͰͯ͸ͰͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ
ͳͳͶͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͪͼͪͯͬͰͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͌ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͫͰͲͳΒͰͯ͸ͰΒͰ
͸ͪΌͰ͸͹ ͼͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͪͼͪͯͬͰͳͬͳ΃Ͱ ͌ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ
283
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ ͳͳͶͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽ ͺ
͇ͺͰͽͼ;͸ͪ͹ͬͪΒͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰ
ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪͳͲͷͰΌ;;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͪ͸ͳͼ;;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸Ͱͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂
͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰΌ;;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪ
͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀͸ͪͶͪͲͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪΒͰͼͽͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͪͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͺ;ͽͪͳͲ͸ͰͼͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ΒͰͽͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β
͹ͼ͸͹
ͬͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋͹ΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͺͻͳ
ͷͰ͸͈ͪͳͻͼ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͵͹ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻ ͺ
;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͳ ͻ
ͺ
;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͈ͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ͈ͳͻͼ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͵͹ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹;͸;
ͽͪͻͭͻ;ͺͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͰͽͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;Δͳ΀͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
ͼͬͳ΀ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͪͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ -FTJFVS
BOE3PTFOUIBM
͵ͪ͹ͳͳͲͷͰΌ;;͵;ͺ͸ͳ΀ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͬͪͲͪͯͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪΒͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
ͫͳͶͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹; ͊ͬͳ͹ͬͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͳͯ;;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΁ͪ͸͹ΒͽͰͲͳ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹Β
ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͼͬͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̸̸͍͇͉͉̓͋́́̀́̓
͈ͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ͋-ͽͰͼͽͪͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ΒͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͼͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͯ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ͌ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͼ;;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͰͯͬͰ
ͭͻ;ͺͰͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͳ;͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͰͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;ͳͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͪΒͳͺͼͳ΀͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͌ͺͻͬ;ͭͻ;ͺ;ͼͺͪͯͪΒ;͸ͳ͵͹ͽͳ͸ͳͲͪͷͳͪͶ͵͹΀͹ͶͳͲͪͷ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ
΁ͪ ͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͰ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹ͯ ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͷͰΌ; ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ
ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸ͪͫ͹ͶͰͼͽ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬ͹ ;ͫͳͼͽͬ͹ͳ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͽͰͽ

͸Ͱ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ
͸Ͱͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ͌ͯͻ;ͭ;ͭͻ;ͺ;ͼ;ͼͺͪͯͪͶͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪ΀ͳͺͰͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;
ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͼͬͪΌͪͷͪͳͽ;΂ͪͷͪ;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ;
ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͹ͯͻͱͪΔͪͺͪͱΔͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ;΂ͰΔͪ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ΃͵͹Ͷ; Ͷ͹΃΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ;ͼͺͰ΀ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ ͚;͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͳͯͻ

́ͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͪΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͼͪͼͬͳ΀ͺͰͽͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ
ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͼͬͳ΀ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸Ͱͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋-ͽͰͼͽͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽΒͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;
͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹
͸ͳͱͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋-ͽͰͼͽͪͳͷͪΔ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪΒͰͼͽͰtͺͻͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ;
ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳíͪ͵͹ͼͬͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͼͬͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ
ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͪͱΓͳͬͳΒ͹ͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ;͹΂ͪͬͪͷ͹ͯͪͼ;
͸ͪ ͺͻͬͳͷ ͷͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͺ͹ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͼ ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͵͹΁͵Ͱͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ
284
͌ ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ; ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͼͪͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͺ͹͸ͪ
΃ͪΔͰͷͳͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹;΂ͰΔͰͷ͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͲͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ
͸Ͱͭ͹;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ΒͰͼ;ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹ͯͪͳͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷͳ
Ͳͷͪ;ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪͷͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵͇ͪͬͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰͭͻ;ͺͰͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹
ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ;ͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵;ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳ
ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͆ͪΒͲͪͯ ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ Ͳͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͳͷͪΒ; ͸ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸Ͱ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹-Ͱͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳͷͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͳΔͳ΀͹
ͬͳ΀ͷͪΒ͵ͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ Βͪ͵ͰͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͬͰͲͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͪΒ͵ͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͼͳ͸͹ͬͪ ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͹ͽͰͱͪͬͪΒ; ͼͰͺͪͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹-ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸; ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ΃ͽ͹ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;
ͳͷͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ ͼͰ͵ͼͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼͪ
͈ͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸Ͱ Ͷ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͯͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪͷ͹ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ ͺͻͰͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͰ
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͲͪΒͪͬΓͪΔͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹
ͼͽͳ͇ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳt͵ͶͪͼͽͰͻͳiͺͻͰͯͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͲͪΒͪͬΓͪΔͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹
ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΁ͳ ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸Ͱ Ͷ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ͸ͪΒΒͪ΂Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ͬͰΕͳ͸; ͹ͯ
ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͷͪΒ; ͹͸ͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͺͳͼ;Β; ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͳ
ͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ ͪͲͪͽͳͷͳͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͬͪͺ͹͸ͪ
΃ͪΔͪͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ
͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͳͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͲͪͲͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯ͸ͳ͵͹ͽͳ͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͫͳͶͳ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ ͽ;΂ͪͷͪ ; ͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ ͳͷͪΒ; ΃ͪ͸ͼͰ ͯͪ
ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͫ;ͯ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸ͳ͵͹ͽͳ͸ͪ ͪͪ͵͹ͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ ΂ͪ͵ͽͻ͹ͼͽͻ;
͵͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͼͬͪΌͪͷͪͳͽ;΂ͪͷͪ;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳ
ͻͪ͸͹ΒͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͳͷͪͶͳͼ;ͯͬͪͺ;ͽͪͬͰΕͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷͪ ͪͪ͵͹ͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ
Ͷͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ ͯͬͪͳͺ͹ͺ;ͽͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͼͬͪΌͪͷͪͯͬͪ
ͺ;ͽͪ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͪͪ͵͹ͼ;ͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͳͽ;΂ͪͷͪ ΂ͪ͵ͽͻͳͺ;ͽͪ
͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͽ;΂ͪͷͪͳͷͪΒ;ͺͰͽͺ;ͽͪͬͰΕͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͰ
ͯͪͫ;ͯ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͷͪͻͳ΀;ͪ͸Ͱ ͪͪ͵͹ͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ ΂ͪ͵΃Ͱͼͽͺ;ͽͪ
͇͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͲͫ͹ͭ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
΂ͪ͵ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ΃Ͱͼͽͺ;ͽͪͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰΕͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͷͪͻͳ΀;ͪ͸Ͱ

͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͳͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͳ͵ͽ;Β;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯ
Γ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͼͬͪΌͪͷͪͳͷͪΒ;ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;
͵͹ͬͰΕͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͼͬͪΌͪͷͪ ͺ;ͽͪͼ;
ͳͷͪͶͳͬͰΕͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͼͬͪΌͪͷͪͳ
ͽ;΂ͪͷͪ ͲͪͽͻͰΕͳ͸;
͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ ͺ;ͽͪͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ
ͬͰΕͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͼͬͪΌͪͷͪ;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͽ;΂ͪͷͪ
ͳͶͳ ͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͬͪͳͺ͹ͺ;ͽͪͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰΕͰ΃ͪ͸ͼͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳͼ΁ͳ͹ͯ
͵͹΁͵Ͱ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ; ͻͪ͸͹Β ͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ ͫͳͶͳ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ ͽ;΂ͪͷͪ ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹
΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͳͷͪΒ;ͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯ͵͹΁͵Ͱ ͪͪ͵͹ͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͼ;͵͹ͫͰͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͲͫ͹ͭ͵ͻͳͷͳ
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂ͪ͵΂Ͱͽͬ͹ͻ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹
͌ ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ; ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ; ͳ ͻͪ͸͹Β ͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ ͫͳͶͳ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ
ͽ;΂ͪͷͪͳͶͳͼ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼ;ͯͬͪͳͺ͹ͺ;ͽͪͳͷͪͶͳͬͰΕͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼͪ
͆ͪΒͲͪͯ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͫͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͽ;΂ͪͷͪͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹
΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼͪ
ͅ͹ͱͰͷ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪΒͰͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ
ͳͷͰ͸ͳͽͰΓΒͪ͵ͰͺͻͰͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͹ͷ ͷͰΌ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼ ͵͹΁͵ͪͳͼͰ͵ͼ -FTJFVSBOE3PTFOUIBM /BUFOFZFSFUBM
1998).
̸Ͷ͵͹΀͹Ͷͳͯ;ͬͪ͸ͼ;;͹ͫͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͺͻͰͯͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͲͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͽͳ͸ͳͲͪͷͳͪͶ͵͹΀͹ͶͳͲͪͷ ͪ;
΃ͳͻͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͳ ͲͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͪͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ
͆ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͰͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹-ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͰͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪ͹΁Ͱͷ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͪͷͪΒ͵͹ͷ ͲͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͹ͯͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰΕͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ͸Ͱͭ͹;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͪͶͳͳ͵ͪͯͪ
ΒͰͻͰ΂͹͸ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͳͷͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹-ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳͷͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͫͪͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ
͊ͽͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͼ;ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͳͲͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ͸Ͱͭ͹;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͑ͽ͹ͼͰͽͳ΂ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ;ͼͺͰ΀ͳͼͷͰͽΔͰ;;΂ͰΔ; ͷͰΌ;;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪ
͸ͳͼ; ͸ͪΌͰ͸Ͱ ͬͰΕͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ; ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͺͻͰͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͼͳͷ ΃ͽ͹ ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ
286
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͰΕ;͸ͰͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ;΂ͰΔͰͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͳͷͪΒ;ͼͷͰͽΔͰ;;΂ͰΔ;͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰ
ͯͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͲͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ͸Ͱͭ͹;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͌Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳ΀ͼͺͪͯͪΒ;ͯ;ͬͪ͸ ͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͻͪͯͳ΀ͻͪ͸ͪ ͪ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪͻͳ΀;ͪ
͸ͪ ͹ͺͳΒͪͽͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͼͽͳͷ;Ͷͪ͸ͼͳ ͬͳͯͰ͹ͳͭͻͳ΁Ͱ ͍ͰΒͼͫ;͵ Γ;ͫͪͬ͸ͳ ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͼͰ͵ͼ
ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ ͵͹΁͵ͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼ
͌΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;ͳͺ͹ͫͻ͹Β;ͳͺ͹ͰͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ΒͼͶͳ΁ͳͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͳΒͰ
ͷͰΌ;ͷͶͪͯͳͷͪ ͽͰͼͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ͹ͷͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͳͯͪͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͫͻ͹Β;ͳͺ͹ͻͪ΃ͳ
ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹΂ͳΔ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͯͪ͸ͪͯͷͪ΃;Β;͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͪͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ
ͅ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͳͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲ;ͲͰ͍ͬͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ
ͳͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͭ ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͳͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵
ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͳ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲ;ͲͰͬ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͭ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼ; ͺ͹Ͷ͸͹
͸ͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳ ͯ͹͵;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹͍ͯͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪͳ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;ͱͰ͸Ͱ

ͅͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͰͼͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳ
ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
͌΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͸ͳͼ;͸ͪΌͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͷͰΌ;;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͼ͵͹ͻͪͲͪͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼ;ͺ
ͼͽͪ͸΁ͰͳͲͻͰͶͳ΀ͳ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳͲͪ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰΒͰͼ; ͻ ͺ

͆ͳͼ; ͸ͪΌͰ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͲͻͰͶͳ΀ ͳ ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳ ;͵;ͺ͸ͳ΀
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͪ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
͸ͪͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͻ ͺ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ;΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹
΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳͳͲͻͰͶͰ ͻ ͺ
͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͻ ͺ
ͳ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰ ͻ
ͺ
ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ
͌ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͵͹ͯͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͲͻͰͶͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ
ͲͷͰ ͪͶͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͻ ͺ
ͳ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰ ͻ ͺ

͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΁ͳͶͳ͸Ͱͪͻ͸ͰͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒͰͼ;͸ͳͼ͵ͳ ͳͪ͵͹ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ͈ͻͰͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͳͼ;͸ͪΒ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͳ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͳ ͪ;ͷͪΔ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸ͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳ̀ͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͯͲ͸ͪ͵ͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͼ;͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΔͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸ͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹
ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͹͸ͳ ͵͹Βͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͳ ͼ;
ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
́͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪͶ͹ ͸ͪͼ ΒͰ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼ; ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ
ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳͷͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͌ͽ͹ͷ΁ͳΓ;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳͶͳͼͷ͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱͪͻ͸;ͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒ;̓͹ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͽͶͳ͸Ͱͪͻ͸Ͱ
287
ͻͰͭͻͰͼͳΒͰΒͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͬͳͼ͹͵ ͉
͈ͻͰͯͳ͵΁ͳΒͳͼ;͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͶͳ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ
Ͳͷͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ
͈ͻͰͷͪ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔ; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͻͰͽ͵͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͲͻͰͶͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯ
ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ;͸ͪ΃ͰͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͳ΀͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳ ͪ͹ͯͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ
͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳͼ;ͳ΀ͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ ͻͪͯͪͳͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰ
Ϳ͹͸ͪ
͌΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͪͷ͹͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰ ͪͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͺͰͽͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰ ͲͪͽͳͷͷͪΔͰ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͪͻͰΌͰͲͻͰͶͰ͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͰ
ͷ͹ͻͫͳͯ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͪΒͳͷͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ͳ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪͼͽͪΔ̺ͪͰΕͳ͸ͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃ͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸Ͱͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͪΒͰͶͳ΂
͸͹ͼͽͳͳͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸Ͱ͸ͳͬ͹ͲͻͰͶͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;΃ͽ͹Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;;ͻͰͶͪ
ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͷͶͪͯͳͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͇ͫͳͷ ͳ ͬͻͼͽͪ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͳ΀ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ ͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹
;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸͸ͰͲͻͰͶ͹ͼͽͳ
͊ͬͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͻͰ΂ͳ ͬͳͼ͹͵͹͵͹ͻͰͶͳͻͪΒ;ͼͪ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͳͷ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳͷͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͼ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳͯͪͱͰ͸Ͱ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ
ͲͻͰͶͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͳͅ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͳ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͬͰͽͻͳͬͻͼͽͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ
͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͱͰ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰ
ͅͶͪͯͳͼ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͯΔͳ΀ͼ;ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷͲ͸ͪ
΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͪ
ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳͼ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͻͪͯͳ΀ͻͪ͸ͪ
ͭͯͰͼͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
ͫͳͻͪΒ;͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͼ͵ͳ͹ͯͫͻͪͷͫͰ͸ͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳ
͆ͪΒͲͪͯ ͸ͰͲͻͰͶͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͳͱͰͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͪͬͰͷͪ͸;ͰͶ͸ͳͷͲͪ͸ͳͷͪΔͳͷͪͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;͸ͳͱͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼ
̸̸̸̺̽́͊̓͌͊́́̀̓͌͐́̾͢͠͡
͌ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͳͷͰͽͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͪ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽ͹ͬͪͶͳͼͷ͹
ͳ΀͹͵͹
͸ͳͼͷ͹͸ͪͳ΃Ͷͳ͸ͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͫͳͷͪ́ͶͳΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͼͰͶͰ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͷ
;Ͳ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͳͲͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
ͳ͹;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͯͬͰͳͶͳͽͻͳ
ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷ̸ͪ͵͹ͼͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼͪͷ͹ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ
ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹͸ͯͪͼͰͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼͪͷ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸;ͽͰͷ; ͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͷͺͻͰͽ
΀͹ͯͰͷͪͶͳͳͶͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͰͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳ͌ͼͶͰͯͼͬͰͭͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ͹
ΒͪͶͰͼ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰ;ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ;ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ̽ͪͫͳͼͷ͹ͳͺͪ͵ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͳ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͬ͹ͼͽͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ
ͷͰͽͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͼͷ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͶͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͰͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵ͰͳͼΔͳͷͪͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͶͳ͸ͪ΃Ͱͺ͹ͯͪ
ͽ͵Ͱ̽͹΃Ͷͳͼͷ͹ͯ͹ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͯͪͼ;ͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͬͳͯͰ͹-ͳͭͻͳ΁ͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪͳͼͺ͹ͯͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵ͪ
ͯ͹͵ͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ ͍ͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͻͪͯͪ ͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͵͹΁͵Ͱͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼͪͳͲ͸ͪͯͺͻ͹
ͼͰ͵ͪͳͶͳ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͳͲ͸ͪͯͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͊ͽ͹ͺͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪͳ
288
ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪͼ;ͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ;͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰ;ͼͬͰͽ;͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳ͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͬͻͶ͹ͼͶͳ΂͸;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͳ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹΃ͶͰͼ;͵ͻ͹Ͳͯ;ͭ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ
΃Δ;΀ͻ͹͸ͳ΂͸;͵;ͷ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸;͵ͻͳͲ; ͵͹ΒͪΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͽͻͪΒͰ͋͹͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͰͳͶͳͬͻͶ͹ͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱ
ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͺͪ ͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͹ͯ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱ ͰͺͳͯͰͷͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͰ ͹ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͶͳͷ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͌ ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ
͹ͬ͹ͷͲͪ͵Γ;΂͵;ͳͯ;ͳͬͻͶ͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͼͪ͹ͫͰͭͻ;
ͺͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̓Γ;΂͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰͪͿͳͻͷͳ΃;Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪͳͫͳ΀Ͱͬͳ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͰͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͺͼͳ΀͹
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͳͷͪΒ; ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸; ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͆ͪ ͽ͹ ͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͸;ͽͪͻ͹ͫͰͭͻ;ͺͰ ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬͪ͵Ͱͼͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͲͪͬͳͼ
͸͹΃Ε; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͼͪ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹΃Ε;;ͯͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰ̀ͫ͹ͭ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;͸ͳͼͷ͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͶͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ
͵ͶͪͼͽͰͻͲͪͼͬͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵;ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒ;Ͳͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ
ͶͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͼͬͳ΀͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀͋͹ͼ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷͪ ͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͵͹΁͵Ͱͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͼͰ͵ͼͪ
͊ͪͲ͸ͪΔͰ ͹ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹Β ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͼͬͳ΀ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͷͪ ͵Γ;΂͸; ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ; ͳͲͻͪͯͳ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪͺͻͰͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͳͽͰͻͪͺͳΒͰͼͬͳ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͈ͻͰͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͳͽͰͻͪͺͳΒͪͼͰͼͪͯͻ
ͱͪΒ͸͹ͳ΀ͻ͹͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͬͪΒͪΒ;͇ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͪͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͱ;;ͽͰͻͪͺͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͽͰͻͪͺͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͪ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͳͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻͰͺͪͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰt͸ͪͶͽͻͰ͵ͼ͹͸i
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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290
BORISLAV JƄUKANOVIſ
JASMINA B. KNEÂEVIſ-TASIſ
#&)"7*063"-"%%*$5*0/4*/4&3#*""/%.0/5&/&(30
SUMMARY
This paper examines the abuse and addiction to 11 activities (such as video games, television, Facebook,
partner, work, food, Internet, sex, mobile phones, gambling and cybersex) using the appropriate sample of
respondents of different ages, 2988 of them from Serbia and 1489 from Montenegro. The abuse and addic-
tion to psychoactive substances (such as alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, opiates and psycho-stimulants) are
also examined. Special questionnaires, which showed high validity and reliability in mass researches in the
USA and other western countries, were used for each behavioural addiction. Considering social-
demographic variables and a special scale for examining the defence mechanism, this set of instruments
consisted of 242 questions, with binary and interval answers. The completely same set of instruments was
used in both researches. Beside descriptive statistics, the metods of multivariate analysis were also used for
the analysis of data.
The results of the research point out that behavioural abuses and addictions are widespread in Serbia
and Montenegro, with realtively subtle differences in regard to its prevalence. Most behavioural addictions
are above the average of the other European and non-European countries, while they are highly expressed
considering the addiction to the partner and mobile phones in both countries.
There are significant positive correlations within as much behavioural as between behavioural and
addictions to psychoactive substances, where a particular cluster is isolated (such as sex, sybersex, gambling
and alcohol) the segments of which correlate best with all others and predict all others well, which is ex-
plained by biologically conditioned highly expressed potential for the development of addiction.
Family risk factors and risk factors in the early psychosocial development also highly and positively cor-
relate with almost all addictions. After the use of binary logistic regression it is found that the syndrome of
asocial and antisocial behaviour predicts best the later development of behavioural addictions.
Finally, the addicts most frequntly use immature, rarely neurotic, and even more rarely immature de-
fence mechanisms.
,&:803%4behavioural addiction, psychoactive substances, defence mechanism, Serbia, Montenegro.
291

͉͇͚͊̾ͣ̓͊͌̓́ͣ1
͍͹ͻ;ͷͲͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ

̸̸̸͉̻̾͊ ͉͇̻͌͊̓
̺͉͇͈͌̾́–
"̸̸̸̹͆̈́̓͆͌
–͇ͭͶͰͯ ͯͰ
ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ–
̸̸̹͊̿̾͋̓ͪͶ͵ͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͬͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ΁Ͱͺ͵ͪΔͰ ͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͪΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͷͳͼͶͳ
ͳͯͰΒͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͭ͹͸͸ͪͯͷͰͽͪΔͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͹͸ͳ΀ͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ
͆͹ͬͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͬͰͲ;ΒͰͲͪͶͳ͵ͬͳͯͪ΁ͳΒ;͍͉͊͠ ͽͰͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͫͻͪ͸Ͱͬͪ͸ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̹͆ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͺͻͳ͵ͻͪΒ;ͽͻͰΕͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬͰͼͺͳͻͪͶͰͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͷͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ; ;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵ͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͽ͹ͭ͸ͰͷͪͶ͹ͭ͹ͯͼͰ΂͵ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ΒͰ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ;ͼ͵ͻͪΕͰ͸ͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳͭͪͼ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͼ;ͻͼ͉;ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹ͶͪͬͰ͵ͪtͺͶͪ΃ͳi̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ Ͱͻͪͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪͬͶͪͯͪͼͬ;ͯͪ
͹͵͹͸ͪͼ ͪͷͳͼͷ͹͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͹ͼͽͪͶͳͫͰͲͽ͹ͭͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͳͭ͹ͻͳͬͪ99*ͬͰ͵̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹
ͯͳͷͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͯͰͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͬͰͼͽͳ͆ͪ΃Ͱ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ͹΂Ͱ͵ͪ ΂Ͱ͵ͪ– ͳͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪ͸ͪ͹͸;
ͻͪͯΔ;;ͯͻͪͷͳ͊ͪͷΒ;ͰͶ̹ͪͰ͵Ͱͽͪ͐Ͱ͵ͪΒ;Εͳ̻͹ͯ͹ͪ – ΂Ͱ͵ͪͼͬ͹̻ͭͪ͹ͯ͹ͪ tͻͰ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪΕͰͯ͹Εͳi ͪ͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ΒͰͻͭͪ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͷͪ
͉̹̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́ͪ͡Ͷ͵ͪ͸ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰ ͼͽͪΔͰ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͭͪͼ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ
̺Ͷͪͯͳͷͳͻ͈;ͽͳ͸ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͉͍ͯ;ͭ͹ͭͽͻͪΒͪΔͪ ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸Ͱͫͳͽ͵Ͱ͌ͲΒͪ͵ͰͺͻͰͺ

ͻͰ͵ͰͳͼͪͺͶͳͽͪΔͪ ͹͸͵ͻ΂ͳͺ;ͽͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͬͳͲͳΒ;͹͸͹ͬ͹ͷͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͻ;ͭͪͼͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;͠;ͱ͸͹
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹͵ͻͳͶ͹ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͯ͹ͬͰͯͰͯ͹tͲͪͭͻΓͪΒͪiͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ;ͼͻ΁;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͼͪͭͪͼ͹ͷ͊ͰͬͰ-
ͻ͸͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪiͳͻͰͺͶͳ͵͹ͷt͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͽ͹͵i
̻ͪͼͼͰ;Ͳͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͰͽͪͶ͹͸͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͢Ͱͷ;͸Ͱͷͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͹Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰ͸ͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ;ͬͰ͵;͵͹Βͳͱͳͬͳͷ͹͆ͪͭͪͼ;ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ;ͼͬͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱͺͻͳͬ
ͻͰͯͰͳͼͬͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽ͉ͬͪͰ΂ΒͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳͬͪͱ͸͹ͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼ;͹ͯͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͺͻͳͷͰ
͸Ͱͳ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ͇ͪͽ;ͯͪ͸Ͱ΂;ͯͳ΃ͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͳΒͪΔͰͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪͺ͹Β;ͭ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵Ͱ
͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͹͸ͳͳͲͬͪ͸ͻͰͭͳ͹͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͪͶͳ͸ͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͼͪͷ͹ͷ͸ͰͷͪͬͳͲͳΒͰͳ͵;ͻͪͱͳͯͪͼͰ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͵Γ;΂ͳ;ͻͰͯͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂ͪͭͪͼ͈ͪͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵͹Βͳͽ͹ͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;Β;ͳͷͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹̽ͪͼͰ
Ͳͪͯͻͱͳͷ͹͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳͲ͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸̸ͪ͊̽ͼ;ͺ͹ͱ;ͻͳͶͰ ͪ͸ͳ̾͌͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͺ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͯͪ
1
drsdjukic@yahoo.co.uk
292
ɋɊȿȶɄɈɋȭɍɄɂȶ: ȿɪɚɝɚɫɚɪɭɫɤɨɝɭȿɜɪɨɩɢ– a ɧɚȻɚɥɤɚɧɭ"
ͺͻͰ͸Ͱ͵;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸;ͽ͹ͻͺͰͯ;Β;ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪt͠;ͱ͸ͳͽ͹͵i ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ͵͹Βͳ΁Ͱ͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ
͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰ ͹͸͹ͭͪ ͵͹Βͳͫͳͭͪͺ͹ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͳͷ΃ͪ͸ͼͪͷͪͳͲͻͪͬ͸ͪ͹ ͪͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͹ͼͪ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷͻͪͲ
ͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪͪͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪͳͷͪͶͰͼ;;ͽ͹Βͳͭͻͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ
ͪ
;ͼͽͬͪͻͳͺͻ͹ͽͳ̹ͬͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭ;͸Ͱͷ͹ͭͳͲͬͻ΃ͳ͹΁ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱͻͪͯͳ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͳ
ͭ;ͫͳ΁ͳͷͪͳ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰΕͰ͸ͪͯ͹͵͸ͪͯͳͽͳ
̻ͪͼΒͰ ͵ͪ͹Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰ͸ͽ ͳͭͪͼ͵ͪ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͹͸ͪΒͶͳͷͳͽͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͳͬ
ͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬͳͽ͵ͪͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͪͼͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ͋ͳͷͰΒͰ̹ͪͶ
͵ͪ͸;͹ͯ;ͲͰͽ͹ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳͼ;ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ͹ͯͷͳ΂;ΕͰͭͬ͹Ͳͪ͌͸͹ͬ͹Βͳͭͻͳ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͪ ͹͸͹ͭͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ
ͳ͹͸͹ͭ͸ͪͽ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͷͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ͹ͺͰͽ ͲͪͼͶ;ͭ͹ͷͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͬͪ͸ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͪͳͼͪͷͳ΀͸ͪ΃ͳ΀
ͬͶͪͯͪ ͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ;;Ͷ͹ͲͳͱͻͽͬͰ͸͹ͭΒͪͻ΁͇ͪͼͽͪΒͰͷ͹;ͼ͵ͻͪΕͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͳͲͪͷͪΒͪ΁– ͯ͹͵ͼ;
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͭͪͼͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͪͽͪΒ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸
͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼΒͰͽͰ͵͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͪt͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪiͳͼͺ͹ͯ͏ͻ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͳ
Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͰͲͰͷΓͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͸ͰͷͪΒͪͼ͸ͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ– ̹ͻͳͼͰͶΕ;ͽͳ ͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͺͪͻͪ ͸ͳ
ͳͯͰΒ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸͹ͺͰͽ΂Ͱ͵̻ͪ͹ͯ͹ͪ́Ͳ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͪ͸Ͱͷͪͼͳͭ͸ͪͶͪ ͸Ͱͷͪͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͰ͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰ
ͫͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͏Ͱͬͳt͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪi;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͬͶͪ΂Ͱͳͼͺ͹ͯͬ͹ͯͰ͏ͻ͸͹ͭͪͷ͹ͻͪ ͯͪ ͫͳͳͲͻ͹͸ͳ
ͶͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͺ͸͹;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͶ;͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ́ͽ͹ͼ;͹͸Ͱ΁Ͱͬͳ͵;ͺΓͰ͸ͰͲͪt͠;ͱ͸ͳͽ͹͵i ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯ͹ͱͳ
ͬͰ͹ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳͿͳΒͪͼ͵͹͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͬͰ΂ͪ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͷͺͰͲ͸͹ͭ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͻͪͯ͹ͬͪt͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;i ;Ͳ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹΁ͰͶ͹ͭͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͯ͹ͫͻͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷͳ;̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹Β̸Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͰͽ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ͸Ͱ;ͼ
ͺͰ΀ͭͻͪͯΔͰͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹Βt;͵ͶͰͽ͹Βiͽͻͪͼͳ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷͳt͆ͪͫ;͵͹i t̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͳͽ͹͵i t͈͹ͼͰΒ
ͯ͹͸i
͈;ͽͳ͸ΒͰͺͻͪͬͳͷͪΒͼͽ͹ͻͲͪ͵ͻ;ͺ͸Ͱ tͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰͬͰ͵ͪi ͼͪͭͪͼ͹ͷ ͸ͪͿͽ͹ͷ ͸;͵ͶͰͪͻ͵ͪͷͪ ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͷ
ͼ ͬͳͲͳ͹͸ͪͻͳͷͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ ͳ ͼͷͰͶͳͷ ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͳͷͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͈͹ ͹͸͹ͷͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ
͉;ͼͳΒ; ͉;ͼͳΒͪΒͰͺͻͰͯ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͲͪͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ̀ͪͽ͹ͼ;Β͹Βͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͳ̸͵͹ΒͰ
͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͺͻͬͳͭͪͼ͸ͳͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ ͹͸ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΒ;ͭ;;ͲͯͳͱͰ͋;ͻͼ͵ͪ̾ͻͯ͹
ͭͪ͸ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ ͺ͹ͪͷͫͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͬͪͯͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͲͰͷΓͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪΒ͵ͻ;ͺ͸ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭ
ͭͪͼͪ ͪͶͳͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͽͻͪ͸ͲͳͽͰͻͳͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;ͽͰͻ͋;͸ͳΒͰ͵ͻͪΒͱͰΓͪ͸Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸Ͱ̸͸͵ͪͻͰ
͇͸ͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹͸;ͯͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͽͻͪ͸ͲͳͽͭͪͼͪΒ͹΃ͳͲ͈ͰͻͼͳΒͰ ͼ̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͳͲͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͭͅͰͯͳͽͰ
ͻͪ͸ͪ ͈ͻͰ͵͹ ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͰ ΁Ͱͬͳ Ͳͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ t͠;ͱ͸ͳ ͭͪͼ͸ͳ ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻi ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͪ
ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͽͪͻͪ ͭͪͼͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰ ͹ͯ ΂Ͱͭͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͽ;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪ ͭͪͼͪ ; ͪͲͰͻͫͰΒΘͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͸Ͱͯͻͳͷͪ ͽͳͷ
΁Ͱͬͳͷͪͺ͹ͽͰ͵͸Ͱͳͻ;ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼ͋ͪ͵͹͋;ͻͼ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͼ͵ͻͼ͸ͳ΁ͪͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ;ͽͰͬͪ
̸͵͹;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪͳͷͪ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ;ͽ͹ͷ
ͯͰͶ; ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ ͸ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ Β;ͭ; ;ͲͯͳͱͰ ͼͰ ͋;ͻͼ͵ͪ ͇͸ͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͯ ̾ͻͯ͹ͭͪ͸͹ͷ ͫͰͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ͸͹
ͫ͹ͻͳͲͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͳͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳͽ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͲͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼ ͲͪͪͲͰͻͫͰΒΘͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͽ;ͻ͵
ͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼ ͲͪͺͰͻͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͳͭͪͼ ̸Ͷͳ ͺͻͰͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵-ͺͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͳͼ;ͳͲͭͶͰ
ͯͪͶͰͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͳ͋;ͻͼ͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪ;ͺͻͬ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;͌ͽ͹Β;Ͷ͹ͲͳͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͹ͼͰ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ͪͺ͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯ
ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰ̹ͭͪ;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͰͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͭͪͼͪ
293
ͻ;ͼ͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪͿͽͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ; ͵ͪ͹tͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵͹΂ͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰi ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͼ;ͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͳͶͰͼͬͰͬͶͪͯͰ;͊͹ͿͳΒͳ͆ͪͽͳͷͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͺ;ͽͰͬͳͷͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹tͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͬͻͪͽ̹ͪ;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱi
ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Β͸͹ͬͪͶ͹ͻͳͲ;ΒͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;͵͹ͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸;ͭͰ͹Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;
̻ͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹͵͹Βͳͷͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹ͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͋͹ͼ;͹͸ͳͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͵͹Βͳ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ͯͬͪ͵ͻͪΒͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ ͯͪͶͰ͵Ͱͻ;ͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͰͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͬͰͯ͹̈́ͪͷͪ͸΃ͪͯ;ͭͳͼ;
ͬͳ΃Ͱ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ;Β;ͯ͹͹͵͹ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭͪͼͪͬͻͰ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͰ;ΒͰͯͪ͸ͽͪ͵ͪͬͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸ͳͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳͰͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͬͳͼͰͭͪͼ͹
ͬ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͯͰͯͪͼͰ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳ΃; ΂ͳͽͪͬͬͰ͵ ͳ ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ͳͺ͹ ͼͬͳͷͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͻͳͷͪ ͳͷͪΒ; ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸
ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͷͪͻ΃ͻ;ͽͪ͵;ͯͪͼͰͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯ͵ͻͰΕͰ ͺ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ
͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪΒͰ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹-ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭ-ͪͲͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͳ͹ͯͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͭͪͼͪͳͲͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪͷͰͻͰͼͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ͸ͪͷͪͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳͰͬͻͪ ͪͽͪ͵ͼͰͲͪͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽͭͪͼͪͺͻͰ͵͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ Ͱͬͻͪ ͽͪ͵ͬͳ ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͼ; ͭͪͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ ͭͪͼͪ ͳ ͵ͪ͹
Ͱ͸ͰͻͰͭͰ͸ͽͪͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ;ͲͰͽ͹;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ;ͲͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͽͰͼ͸͹ͳͯ;͵ͻ;ͺͪ͸ͫͳͲ͸ͳͼͳ
͵ͻ;ͺ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
͑ͰͿ ;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͻ;ͼ͵Ͱ tͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͵Ͱi t̻ͪͼͺͻ͹ͷͪi ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͰΒ ͅͳͶͰͻ ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;
t͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪi ͷͪΒͪ
͸ͪΒͪͬͳ͹ΒͰͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽͪ͵͵ͻͪΒͰͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͌ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲͪͭͻͪͯΔ;ͼ;ͼͶ͹
ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀;̹ͪͶͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͷ͹ͻ; ͵;ͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͽͰͱͰt͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͽ͹͵i΁ͰͬͳͼͰͺ͹Ͷͪͱ;͸ͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͰΕ;
ͯ;ͫͳ͸; ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ.ͷͰͽͪͻͪ ͳ;ͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸;͵ͳͼͰͶ;͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸; ͺͪͼ;ͷͰͽͪͶ͸Ͱ΁Ͱͬͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
Ͳͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸Ͱ̀ͪͺͰͽͷͰͼͰ΁ͳ͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪ΁Ͱͬͳ
͆͹ͬͳͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͲ͏ͻ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪͳͲͶͪͲͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͺ͸͹ ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͶ;͋;ͻͼ͵ͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͪ΁Ͱͬͬ͹ͯͳ;
́ͼͽͪ͸ͫ;Ͷ ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͯ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼ̻ͻ΂͵͹ͷ͋ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΁ͰͬΒͰ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͪͲͪͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͪΔͰͻ;ͼ͵ͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͷ
͠;ͱ͸Ͱͳ͠;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ̻͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͼͬͪ͵Ͱ͹ͯͽͳ΀΁ͰͬͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ
͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭͪͼ͈ͪͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͳͯͪͼͰ͹ͬͰ΁ͰͬͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͳ;ͯͬ͹
ͼͽͻ;΂Ͱͳͯͪͺ͹ͯ͸;͏ͻ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͽͰ΂ͰͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭͪͼͪͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͲͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͬͰ͵ͪͳ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰ ͳͽͪ͵͹͹ͼͽͪΒͰͯ͹͵
ͼͰ;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ͸Ͱ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵͹ Βͪͺͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ͵͹ͻͰΒͼ͵͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰt̻ͪͼͺͻ͹ͷiΒͰ;ͼͽͪΔ;
ͯͪͼͬͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸Ͱͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͺͻ͹ͷͺͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͷͳͻ;ΒͰ ͳ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ;ͺͻ
͵͹ͼ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔ;ͳͼͰΒͪΔ;ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼ;ͷΔͳ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͳͻͪͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹Εͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ ͯ͹͵ͪͲ;
Β;Εͳ ͯͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͽͪ͵ͷͪ΁ͪ ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͪ ;Ͳ ͽ͹ ͹ͫͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͻͰ͵͹ͻͯͰ ͳ ͲͪͻͪΌ;Β;Εͳ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͺͪͻͪ
͋͹͵͹ͷͬͰ͹ͷͪ͹΃ͽͻͰͲͳͷͰ– ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹;ͬ͹ͲͳͶͪͻͰ͵͹ͻͯ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ–
ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͽͪͻͪ ͺͪ ͼͰ ; Ͳͪ ͼͬ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭ ͭͪͼͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ
ͫͰͶͰͱͳͻͰ͵͹ͻͯ– ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭͪͼͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ͳͶͳ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ͵;ͫ
͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭͪͼͪͺͻͰ͵͹͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱͭͪͼͪͺͻ͹ͯͪͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͌ͯͰ͹ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͽͻ͹
΃Δͳ ͽͳͷͰ ΒͰ ͼ͵͹΂ͳ͹ ͸ͪ ͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͰ͵͹ t΁ͻͬͰ͸Ͱ Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͰi ͵͹Β; ΒͰ ̹ͻͳͼͰͶ
͹ͯͻͰͯͳ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹
́͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͸ͰͷͳͶͳ΁Ͱ͵;ͺ͹ͬͪͶͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼͺͻ͹΃ͶͰͲͳͷͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͳ
ͽ͹͵͹ͷ΁ͰͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͈͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹ΕͰͳ͹ͬͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͳΕͳͻͰ͵͹ͻͯ– ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪΕͰ͵;ͺͳͽͳ
ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪͻͪͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͳ͹ͬͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳͯͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ
294
͸ͳ΃ͽͪͶ͹΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷͭͪͼ;̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ ͌ͬͰͻͳͶͳͼ;ͼͰͯͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͸ͰͷͪͻͰͪͶ͸;ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ;
ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷͭͪͼ;͸ͳͺ͹͹ͫͳͷ; ͸ͳͺ͹ͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ͉;ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹ͱͰͼͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε;;
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͹ͫͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͯͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͳͼͬͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪͭͪͼ͹ͷͱͰͯ͸ͰͳͭͶͪͯ͸ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͳ΀Ͷͪͯ
͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͪ
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪͼͪ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭͪͼͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳΒͰ͵;ͺͪ΁ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ ͪͲͪΔ͹ͷͼͶͰͯͳ
͋;ͻͼ͵ͪͼͪͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ ͽͰͼͰͼͪͯ͹ͺ;͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭͪͼͪͳͲt͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͭ
ͽ͹͵ͪiͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β́Ͳͪ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱͳ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͼͶͰͯͰ́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ ͼͪ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀
ͷͰͽͪͻͪ ̺ͰͶͳ͵̹ͪͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪ– ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪ– ͈͹Γͼ͵ͪ– ͎͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͳΒͪ– ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ–
ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵ͪ– ͳͽͯ ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰ͸ͪͲͪ΂ͰΓ;ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͼͪ͹͵͹ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯ;ͳͺ͹͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽͪ
ͻͪͭͪͼͪ
̸͵͹ͼͰt͋;ͻͼ͵ͳͽ͹͵iͺͻͰ͵͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͳΒͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͽͳͷͰͫͳͼͰͲͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱͳͶͪͻ;ͼ͵ͪͭͪͼ͸ͪ
ͷͻͰͱͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ; Ͳͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ ͸ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͼͰͬͰͻ; t͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ ͽ͹͵ i ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀
ͷͰͽͪͻͪͭͪͼͪͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͼͽͳͱͰ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵;
;Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͳΒͰͺͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͌ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ
Ͳͪͺ͹΂͸Ͱ ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭ t͊ͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭ ͽ͹͵ͪ i ͳͼͽͳ΀ ͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͳ ̹ͰͻͶͳ͸ ͳ ̹ͻͳͼͰͶ ͼ; Ͳͪ
ΔͰͭͪͯͪͶͳtͲͰͶͰ͸͹ͼͬͰͽͶ͹i ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸Ͱͼ; ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͬͰ͵͵ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;͉;ͼͳΒͪ ͈͹Γͼ͵ͪͳͺͻͳ
ͫͪͶͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͲͰͷͪΓͰ
͌ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵; ΕͰ ͼͰ ͼͶͳͬͪͽͳ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ ͵;ͫ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͽͪͻͪ ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭ ͭͪͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ;ΒͰͺ͹ͯͷͳͻͳͬͪΔͰͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͳ΀͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰ͈ͫͪͶͪ͸ͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͳt͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͽ͹͵i
͵ͪ͹ͳt͋;ͻͼ͵ͳͽ͹͵i Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
̽͹͵ͼͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͳͼͰͬͰͻ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰt͵;ͺͪΒ;i;ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷͭͪͼ; ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ͫͰͲͭͪͼͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ΒͰ͸̹ͪͻͳͼͰͶͳ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸
̸̸̸̸̹̻̻͇̺͇̈́̓͆͊́͊̽́–̸͇̹͋̓̈́́̀͌ ̸̸̸͇͇͋̓̽̈́̾̓
́ͭͪͼͳͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͪ͵ͼ;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͪ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͶͰ͵͹͈ͻͬͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͽͰ
;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͪ͸ͪͭͪͼ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͽͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͼͬͰ͸ͪͯ͹΀ͬͪͽͻ;͵Ͱ́ͽͪ͵͹ͳΒͰͼͽͰ΃ͽ͹
ͼͰͼͪͷͰͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͽͳ΂Ͱ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ΒͰ͸ͰͯͪͶͰ͵͹͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͭͪͼͪ ;ͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ
͸͹ͭͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͆ͪͼͻͰͯ͹ͷͰΌͳΒͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͭͪͼͪͳͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ
΃ͽͪͭͪͼ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪΒͰͳͼͺͻͰͼͰ΁ͪ͸ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͷͪ͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͭͪͼͪ͵ͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ
ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵ͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪ
̸Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͭͰ͹Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͳͭͪͼͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ;ͽ͹ͷ͸ͪΒͼͽͪͻͳΒͰͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͲͬͪͽͳͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͽͰͷͰΓͰͷͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ͵͹ͶͰͬ͵͹ͷ ͪͶͳ;ͬͰ͵ ͺͪ
ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͻͪͼ͵ͻͼ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͳ͸ͪΒ͵ͻͪΕ͹ͷͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ͵͹ͺͰ͸Ͱ͸͹ͷͬͰͲ͹ͷͼͯͻ;ͭͪͯͬͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ ͼ̸ͪͲͳ
Β͹ͷͳ̸Ϳͻͳ͵͹ͷ ͼͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳͷͪͭͪͼͪͳ͸ͪͿͽͰ ͼͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ̸ͲͳΒ͹ͷ ̹Ͷͳͼ͵ͳͷͳ͊ͻͰͯ
Δͳͷͳͼͽ͹͵͹ͷ͌Ͳ͉;ͼͳΒ; ͽ͹ͼ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͭͪͼͪ ΂ͳΒͰͽͻͪͼͰͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪͬ͹ͯͰͺͻͰ͵͹
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬͪ
͈ͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͭͪͼ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷͼͬͰͽ;ΒͰͳͼͽ͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͳ͸ͪͿͽͪ;Β;΂Ͱͻͪ΃ΔͰͷ– ͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͪͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ͵ͰͳͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵Ͱ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹͸ͪΔͰͷ;͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͿͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ
͸ͳ͸ͪͿͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ͆Ͱͷͪͳ΀ ͹ͽͳ΃Ͷͳͼ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ;ͼͽͻͪ͸;͌ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;

ͳ΁Ͱͬ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͲͪ;ͭΓ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͬͰͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ; ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒͰ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͯͬͪ͸ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͪ͸ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽ͹̀ͪͽ͹ͼ;tͼͬͰ
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱi ͹ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͿͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͷͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͽͪ͵͹ͯ;ͭͰͳͽͪ͵͹ͼͽͪͻͰ ͳͲͪͽ͹ ͼͰ ͹͸ͰͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ
͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪΒ;;͸Ͱ͵͹Β͸͹ͬ͹ΒtͼͺͪͼͪͬͪΒ;Ε͹ΒiͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽͳ ͵͹ΒͪtͽͰ͵i΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͻͰͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ
͆ͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ; ͸Ͱͷͪ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ ͹ͼͽͪ͹ ͳͲͬͪ͸ ͷͻͰͱͰ ͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ͹ͷ̻Ͷͪͬ͸Ͱͽ͹͵͹ͬͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͭͪͼͪ ΔͰͭ͹
ͬ͹ͭͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͭͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰ͸ͽ͹ͷͳͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ͹ͬ͹ͭ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͬͰ͵ͪ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͽ͹ͬͪΓͪͼͽͪͶ͸͹
ͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪͽͳ ͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ̹ͰͲ Δͳ΀ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ;ͼͺ͹͸ͪ ͈ͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͭͪͼͳ
ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͭͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ΁ͰͶͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͸ͳͼ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͯͻ;ͭ͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
;99*ͬͰ͵; ͅ͹ͭ;ΕͪͶͳΒͰ ͫͰͲͽ͹ͭͪͻͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͰͷΓͰ ͇ͫ͸͹ͬͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ ΔͰ͸ͳͻͪͼͽ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͋͹ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͯ͸͹ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;Εͳ Β͹Β ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ;ͻͰ΂ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹Β ;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͵͹Β;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͳͼͺ;Δͪͬͪ;ͯ͹͉ͫͪͳͷΓͪ͸ͪͳ̺ͳͲͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͯ͹͸͹ͬͳΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪ9*9ͳ99ͬͰ͵
͌ͬͰ͵ΒͰ ͵ͻ͹ͲͬͰ͵͹ͬͰ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪͶ͹ͽ;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͺ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͸ͼͬͰͻͲͪͶͰ
͸ͪͺ͹ͽͰͲ;́ͼͽ͹͵–̀ͪͺͪͯ–́ͼͽ͹͵ ͯͻ;ͷͼ͵ͰͳͱͰͶͰͲ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͬͰͲͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ̹ͪͭͯͪͯͪ͹ͬͰͻͪͬͪͶ͹ͯ͹ Ͷͳ͵
ͬͳͯͪ΁ͳΒͰ͍͉͊̽ͪ͠͸ͪͼΒͰͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ΒͼͰ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
̓ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͪͬ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼͶ;ͱͳͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ͹ͼͬͪΒͪ΂ͳͷͪ ͼͽͪͻͳͷͳ͸͹ͬͳͷ͵ͻͼͽͪ΃ͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒ͵ͻͪΕͳͳ
͸ͪΒͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸ͳΒͳͺ;ͽͳͲ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱͳ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͵͹Βͳͷ͹͸ͳ ;ͳͷͰ΃ͳͻͰΔͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰͺͻͰ͵͹ tͺͻͪͭͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͽͪi ͵ͻͰΕ;ΕͳͼͰͯͪΓͰ͸ͪΒ;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵ͳͶͳͼͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵ Ͱͬͻ͹ͪ
ͲͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺ;ͽͰͷͲ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒ; ̓ͳ͸; ́͸ͯͳΒ; ͳͶͳͻ;ͽ͹ͷͲ̸ͪͿͻͳ͵;
͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸͸ͳΒͰͷͳͻ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͪͼ;ͬ͹ͲͰͷ͸ͪͻͪͼ͵ͻͼ͸ͳ
΁ͪ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪͼͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͰͷ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ– ͺ͹ͼͶͰ̺ͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͭͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͫͪͼ
ͽͳ͹͸ͪ– ͺͪͼͰͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶ͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β͵ͪͻͽͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ
͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͬͰͻͲͪͶͪ ͭ;ͫͳ ͆ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭ ͸ͳͲͪ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͵͹Βͳ΀
͸Ͱͷͪͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͳ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͪͽͶ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ ͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͰΒͪ͸͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵ͪ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ͹ͺͳͺΓͳͬͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͳͫͰͼ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͶͪͫͪͺ;ͽ͸ͪͳΒ͹΃ͼͶͪͫͳΒͪ
ͱͰͶͰͲ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ;Ͳ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ ͼ;͸͹ͬͻͪͽ ͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
ͷͰͼͽ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͽ͵;ͼ;ͻͽ;Όͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͆ͳͼ͵ͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͺͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹
ΒͰͲͪͺͻͰͺͪ΃Ε;Β;Εͳ̀ͪͽ͹͸Ͱ΂;ͯͳ΃ͽ͹ͼ;͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͱͻͽͬ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͳ͹ͯΔͳ΀ͼ;ͻ͹ͬ͹ͬͰͶͰͼͳͶ
ͼ͵ͳ͹ͯͭ;ͻ͸;ͽͳͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸ͳͰͬͻ͹ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ
ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͼͶͰͺͳͷ΁ͻͰͬ͹ͷͰͬͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽ
ͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͼͪΌͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͸͹ͬ͹
͵ͻͼͽͪ΃ͽͬ͹
͈͹͵;΃ͪΒͳ;͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͉;ͼͳΒͰͳͲͰͷͪΓ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͯͪͼͰͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹͸ͪΌ;͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β
͵ͪͻͽͳͭͪͼͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͶͳͼ;́ͲͭͻͪͯΔͪͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪͲͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼͺͻͰ͵͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͲͪͲͰͷΓͰ
͸ͪ΃ͰͭͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͳͯͪΓͰͲͪ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͺͻͰͷͪͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ͸͹ͬͰͳ͹ͫ͸͹ͬΓͰ͸Ͱ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ
΂ͪͬͪ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵͉;ͼͳΒͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ͷͰͼͽ͹ͭͯͰͼͰ͹͸ͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͺ;͸ͪͽͻͳͬͰ͵ͪ
Β͹΃͹ͯͯ͹͈ͫͪͰͽͻ̺ͪͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ
296
͆ͪͷͰͼͽ͹͹ͺͳͺΓͳͬͳ΀ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͸;ͯͳͷͪͭͶ;– ΔͰͷ;ͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΂Ͱͳ
ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬͪ ͬͳͲͳΒͰͳ͸͹ͬ;Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪͷͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͳͱ͸ͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͽͰ΂͸ͳͭͪͼ ͼͽͰͻ
ͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͷͪ;̻ͻ΂͵͹Β ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β ͳͭͯͰΒ͹΃ͼͬͰ͸Ͱ ͳͲͻͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͽͻͪͱͰΕͳͯͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͯͰ͹ͯͫͪ΁Ͱͳ
ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͋;ͻͼ͵;ͳ̻ͻ΂͵; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͶͰͳ͹͸ͪΒ͵ͻ͹Ͳ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵;ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒ;͌ͺ͹ͻͰ
ͯ͹ͼͽͳͷ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͿ͹ͻͼͳͻͪΒ;ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͲ̸ͲͰͻͫͰΒΘͪ͸ͪ ͯͰͶ͹ͷͳͲ͋;ͻ͵ͷͰ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͳͲͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ
ͼ͵ͳ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ
͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭ̓ͪͼͺͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͬͰͯͬͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͪ;ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͳ
ͳͲ́ͻͪ͸ͪ ;ͺͪ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ;t͠;ͱ͸ͳͭͪͼ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻi̸͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻͪͼͪͼͬͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͭͪͼͪ͸;ΌͰ͸͹ͭͳͲt͠;ͱ͸͹ͭiͳͶͳt͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪi̽ͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͻͰΕͳͯͪ
ͼͰͽͳͷͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪͭͪͼͪͺͻͰ͵͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͹͸ͳ΀
͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͷͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͪ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ͹ͷͳ
ͭͪͼ͹ͷ ͳͲ ͉͊͊͊-ͪ ͳ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ΁ͳΓ; ͼ; ͼͶͪͫͪ΃͸Ͱ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͺͪͷΕͰ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳͷͪͳ;΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪͳͫͰͲ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ
ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ;ͼͻͰΕͳͬͪΔͪ
͊Ͷͪͫͪ΃͸ͪ ͹ͭ͹ΓͰ͸ͪͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ ͪ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͰ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͳ
͵ͻͳͲͪ͸ͳͼ;ͫ͹ΓͰ͵͹͸ͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͼͰ͸ͳͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳΒͳͭͪͼͳͲ΁Ͱͬͳ ͪ͵ͪͷ͹ͶͳͽͰ΂
͸ͳ ͯ;ͺͶ͹ ͼ͵;ͺΓͳ ͭͪͼ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ Ͳͪ ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͳͽͳ ΒͰ ; ͼͽͪΔ; ͯͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ
ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͰ;ͭͪͼ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹ΒͰΔͪͳͶͳͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͽ͹ͻͺͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪt͠;ͱ͸͹ͭiͳt͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͭ
ͽ͹͵ͪi͸;ͯͰ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͪ ͫͪ΃͵ͪ͹tͺͰ΂;ͻ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰ͵ͳ΃Ͱi͊ΒͰ
ͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ̽ͻͱͪͬͰͫͳͽ͵;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰͳͲ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒ; ͸ͪ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ͸ͪ͹͸ͪΒͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͯͰ͹͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ͸ͯͪͼͰ͹ͯ;ͺͻͰͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳͷͪ ͯͪͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͳ΃Ͱͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͳͼ;͸ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳ̸ͬ͊̽ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳͼ;͸ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉ͬ;ͼͳΒͰ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼ;͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͬ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ;ͫ͹ͻͫ;Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ΁ͰͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͰͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͪΔͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ ͵;ͯͪΕͰͼͰ͹͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͪͽͳͳ΂ͳΒͳΕͰͽ;ͫͳͽͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ̹;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͭͪͼͯͰ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͫͳΒͰ ͼͰ ͫͳͽ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪΔͰ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͳ ΔͰ͸͹ͭ t;ͫ͹Βͳͽ͹ͭi ͭͪͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͳͷͪ
ͿͳͲͳ΂͵;͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸;ͯͪͼͰ΃ͳͻͳ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͻͳ΂ͳͽͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ̽ͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͫͶͪͭ͹͸ͪ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶͰ ͸ͳͽͳ
ͼ;ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͰ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳͼ͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͳͭͪͼͳͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͹͸ͯ͹ͽ;ͻͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͼͰͫͳͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͪͷͰͻͳ
΂͵ͳ΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪͼͬͰͯͪͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͯͪΓͳͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸ͳͯ͹ͽ͹͵ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;
ͯͪͼͷͪΔͳ;ͯͰ͹ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Δͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯ
ͽ͹ͭ ͭͪͼͪ ͫͻͳ͸;Εͳ ͫͻͳͭ; ͹ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵͹Β ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͬ͹ͷ ͵Γ;΂͸͹ͷ ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵;
̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͼͬͰ ͯͪ ͹ͷͰͽͰ ͵ͻ;ͺ͸Ͱ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͻ;ͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͹͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͼ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ
͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ; tͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͬͰ͵ͪi ͳ ͺ͹ ͹ͫͳͷ; ͳ ͺ͹ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ; ͹ͯ ̸ͽͶͪ͸ͽͳ͵ͪ ͯ͹
͌ͻͪͶͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͰ͉;ͼͳΒͳ tͲͫ͹ͭ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱi ͳͶͳtͲͫ͹ͭͷͰ΃ͪΔͪ ;ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͰi

ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸;Ͱͬͻ͹–ͻ;ͼ͵;ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸;͵͹ΒͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹͸ͪͯͷͪ΃;ΒͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹–ͻ;ͼ͵; ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰ
ͭͪͼ ͹͸ͪ ͷͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͊ͽͪͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͳͼͽͳͼ͵;Β;Εͳ ͳ ̸͊̽ ΂ͳ͸ͰΕͳ
͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸ͳͷ ; ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ ͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ ͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͷ͹ͼͽ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ̓ͳ͸Ͱ ͈ͪ΁ͳͿͳ͵ͪ
297
͇ͷͰͽͪΒ;Εͳ ͳ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͯ͹ͽ͹͵ ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭ ͭͪͼͪ ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳ
͹ͫͰΕͪͬͪΒ;tͲͶͪͽ͸ͪͫͻͯͪi ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͺͶͪͼͷͪ͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͽͰ΂͸͹ͭͭͪͼͪ;ͲͪͷͰ͸;Ͳͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳͳͲ΁Ͱͬ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ–
΂ͳͷͰ̸͊̽ͭͪΌͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹΁ͳΓͰͬͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͲͪͼͬ͹Βͭͪͼ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͯ͹ͽ͹͵ΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͭ
ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ ͺͻͰͼͰ΁ͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫͰ͹ͺͪͼ͸;ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵;ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;̾ͬ͹ͺͰͳ̸ͲͳΒͰ ͹ͯͶͪͱ;ΕͳΒͰͲͪ͸Ͱ͵͹
ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼͬͰͼ͸Ͱ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͸ͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͳͬ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Βͳ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͵ͪ ͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸͹ͷ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔ;ͭͳͭͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͭͰͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;
ͽ͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͻͪͲͬͳͽ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷ ;͸͹ͬͳͷͰͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ̸ͷͰ
ͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͼͰͫͰ͸ͰͬͳͯͰ
̸̸̸̸̸̸͇̹͉̻͇̺͇̓̓͊̾͆̈́̓͆͌́͆́͌͊̽́͠ͅ
͑ͽ͹ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͬͪ͸ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ΃ͽ͹ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͫͰͲ
Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹̹ͬͪ;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻ̹͹Β͵͹̹͹ͻͳͼ͹ͬΒͰ ;ΒͰͼͰ͸ ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͺ;;͊͹ͿͳΒͳ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂ͫͪͶͪ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪͳͲ͸ͪͶͪ΁ͽͳ΀͸ͪͻͪͬͳ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹
Ͳ͸ͪ͹̹͹ͻͳͼ͹ͬΒͰͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͲͰͷΓͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͬͶͪͯͪͷͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ;
͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͽͻͳ͵ͻ;ͺ͸ͪͻ;ͼ͵ͪͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ;̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹Βͳ
ͺͻͰ͵͹̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͳ΃ͳͻͰͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͪͳͲ͸ͪͯͼͬͰͭͪ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͽ;ͲͰͷΓ;͈ͻͬͳ
ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͫͳ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͿͽ͹ͬ͹̹ͯ;ͻͭͪͼ–̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻ͹ͺ;Ͷ͹ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳ͸;͵ͶͰͪͻ͸ͪͰͶͰ͵ͽͻͪ͸̹ͪͰͶͪ͸Ͱ ͪͽͻͰΕͳ
ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯt͠;ͱ͸ͳͽ͹͵i͋Ͱͺ͹ͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶͰ̹͹ͻͳͼ͹͉ͬͪͯͪ;ͼͳͷͪͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰ
ͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ΒͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͰ t͠;ͱ͸͹ͭ ͽ͹͵ͪi ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;
t̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪi ͵͹ΒͳͫͳͼͰͺ;͸ͳ͹ͻ;ͼ͵ͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͷ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪΒͰͽͳͷͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͪͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;͵͹Β;ΒͰͼͬͰ
ͬͻͰͷͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪͭͻͪͯͳͶͪͳͽͪ͵͹ͼͳͶ͸͹ͱͰͶͰͶͪ– ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳͯͳͼ
ͽͻͳͫ;ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ
̽͹ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ t͠;ͱ͸ͳ ͽ͹͵i ͽ͹ͭ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͭ ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸ͪͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳͷ͵ͪͻͽͪͷͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͰͺ͹Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵͹΁ͻͰͬ͹;Δ͹Β
͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͼͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷͫͳͬ΃ͳͷΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ ͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͪͶ͹ͫͳͽͳ ͳ
ͼͪ ΁ͰͶ͹ͷ ͍͉͊͠ ͋; ΒͰ ͳ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ ͭͻͰ΃ͪ͵ͪ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͳ ΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽͪ ͳ ͺͻͰͬͳͯͪ
͵͹Βͳ΀͵͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͳͲͳ͹͸ͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ
́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪ ;ͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳ ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ
;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͷͪΔͰͷͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΓͰΔ; ͭͻͪͯͳͶͰͼ;ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͼͪ͊͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͳͷ͊ͪͬͰͲ͹ͷ͠Ͱͻ
ͽͻͰͫͪͶͳΒ͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸ͺ;ͽͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳͽͳͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͫͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͰͶͰͼͬͰͽͪ ̹ͰͻͶͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ
Ͳͳͯͪ ͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͰͼͰ ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪ
͑ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͫͰͱͪΔͰ͹ͯͼ͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹͵ͪ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͪͭͻͰ΃͵ͪͺͻͰͽ
΀͹ͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΃ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ;Ͳ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͬͳͲͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹ͷ– ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͷ;
ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͯͪ;ͻͪͯͳͷ ͯͪͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͳ͸ͪͿͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͵ͪͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͳ͵ͪͯͪͷͳ
ͼͰt͸ͪͽͪΔͳͻ;i͸;ͯͰ ͳͳͲ͉͊͊͊-ͪͳͳͲ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ– ͸ͰΕ; ͹ͯͶͪͱͰͷͽ͹Ͳͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ tͫ͹ΓͰi
ͬͻͰͷͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ ͸ͰΕͰ ͯ͹Εͳ
;ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ͹ͷ –
t΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰ΃ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͲͪ ͼ;ͽͻͪi̸ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͼͰ͸Ͱ;ͷͳͽ͸͹ͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͫͻͲ͹ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪͶ͹–
͍͉͊͠ΒͰͺͻͳ͵ͻͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ͭͪͫͳͽͳͼͪΔͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͼͻͰͯΔͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ
298
ͫͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͭͪͼͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ΔͰ͸ͪͶͳ͵ͬͳͯͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͵ͪ͹ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪ ͼͺͳͼ͵ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͲ ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ ͼͶͳ͵; ͳ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ;΁ͰͶ͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͭ;ͻͪΒ;Εͳͭͪͯ;ͫ͹͵͹;
ͲͪͺͰΕͪ͵
͉;ͼͳΒͪΒͰ͵͹ͯt͠;ͱ͸͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪiͳͲͪ΃Ͷͪ;ͼ;ͼͻͰͽ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͹͵ͻͰΕ;Εͳ΁ͰͬͳͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ
ͳͲ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͬͰΕ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ͵͉ͪ;ͷ;͸ͳΒͳ ;ͺͻͪͬ΁;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͳͲΔͰͲ̹ͪ͹ͼ͸;ͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸; ͉Ͱͺ;ͫ
Ͷͳ͵; ͊ͻͺͼ͵; ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵; ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵; ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒ; ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ
Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻ99*ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͷΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͽͰ΂Ͱͻ;ͼ͵ͳͭͪͼͫͪͻͲͪ΂ͳͽͪͬͳ΀͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͽͳͷͰ ͸ͪ΃Ͷͪ ͳ ͸ͪ Ͷ;͵; ͵͹Βͳͷ ͼͰ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ Β;ͱ͸͹ͭ ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ ͼͺͪΒͪ ͼͪ
t͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͷͽ͹͵͹ͷi ͼͪ͹͵͹ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰͯ͹ͶͪͻͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪ;͸ͪ΃;ͲͰͷΓ; ;
̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͳͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ

͌͸;ͽͪͻͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳ͸ͪͶͪͱ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼ
ͽͻͬͪ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳͷͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͷͪ͋;͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͻͰ΂͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͷ ͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͵;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳͽͪͳ
ͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͪΔͪͭͪͼ͹ͷͺͻͰ͵͹͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪͳͼͽͳ΂;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳͽ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼ͉;ͼͳΒ͹ͷ̹ͰͲͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ
͸͹ͭ ͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͲͪͭͪͼ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪͻͪͲͬͳͽ͵ͪͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͬͰ͵;ͲͪͺͰ΂ͪ
ΕͰ͸ͪΒͰ͈͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͳ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Δͳ ;ͬ͹Ͳ;ͳͻͰͲͰͻͬͪͷͪͭͪͼͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͺ͹ͽ
ͬͻΌ;Β;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͭͪͼͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͳΒ;ͱ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰͼͺͪͯͪΒ;;ͭͻ;ͺ;ͼ͵ͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂ͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͭͪͼͪ ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͹͸ͰΒ͹΃ͷͪΔͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͺͪͶͰ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ
͸͹͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͽͷ;ͻ͸ͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ ͳ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪ͸ͳͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
ͭͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͈͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͭͪͼͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽͪ͸ΒͰ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͪ͸ ͫͰͲͳͯͰΒͰ͈͹ͽͻ͹΃
Δͪͭͪͼͪ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ΒͰͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪͻ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ΒͰͲͰͷΓͪ ;͵͹Β͹Β͸ͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ͸ͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ͸ͳͼ;
ͭͪͼͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͼͰ΂ͪ͵͹ͫͻ͸;ͽͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͯͰͭͻͪͯͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͯͰͭͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͵ͪͯͪ
ͼ;΁Ͱ͸Ͱͭͪͼͪͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱ͌͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼ;ͳͭͪͼͳͭͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͪͼ͵;ͺͳ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͳͱ͸ͳ ΃ͽ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳͲͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽͳ̽ͻͬͪͼ;ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͰ͸ͰͻͭͰ͸ͽ
̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΕͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͳͽͳͭͪͼͪͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪͬͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻͰͯ͸ͪͷͪͲͪͬͳͼͳΕͰ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ ͶͳΕͰ͸ͪ΃ͪ
ͲͰͷΓͪ;ͼͺͰͽͳͯͪͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰͺ;ͽ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͭͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͯͪͶͳΕͰ ͳ͵ͪͯͪΕͰ ͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ
ͻͪͼͽͪ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͲͰͷΓͪ ͼͪ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳͷͲͪ͵ͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͷ ͷ͹ͱͰ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͭͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ–
ͯͪͶͳΕͰ ͳ͵ͪͯͪΕͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͳΕͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͼͻͰͯΔͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ

̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̹͈̻̈́̓͆͊̓͊ͅ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ Βͪͼ͸͹ͯͪ ͹ͯͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪt͠;ͱ͸ͳͽ͹͵i͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ΔͰͭͪ ͺ͹
ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸͹Βͽͻͪͼͳ ͺ͹Βͪͬͳ͹ͼͰt͋;ͻͼ͵ͳͽ͹͵i ͪͼΔͳͷͳͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͲͳͲͪͭͻͪͯΔ;Β͹΃ͯͬͪͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ
t̾ͪTUSJOHi ͊Ͷ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͪ
ͳt͋ͰͼͶͪi ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪ ̻ͻ΂͵ͪ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͫͻͲ͹ͺͻ͹ͺͪ͹ͳ
t͋;ͻͼ͵ͳͽ͹͵i ΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ ΒͰͻΒͰ͋;ͻͼ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͼ̹ͪͻͳͼͰͶ͹ͷͬͰΕͳͷͪͶͪ
t͋ͻͪ͸ͼͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͶͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯi ̸̸͈͋͆
ͳͲ ͊͹ͿͳΒͰ KͰ Ͷͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ͸ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ Ͳͪ t̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͳ ͽ͹͵i ;Ͳ
ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͼ͹͸ͯͳͻͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪ t͠;ͱ͸͹ͭ ͽ͹͵ͪi ͌ ΃ͳͻͰͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͽ͹ ͼ; ͼͬͰ
299
ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;Β;ͱ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͬ΁; ͳͶͳ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻ;ͭͪͼͪ ͪͶͳͼ;ͭͪͼͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͭͪͼͪ B
ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺPͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽBͻͪͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͼ͸͹̹ͻͳͼͰͶͪ
̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪ

͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹͹ͺ΃ͽͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͺͻͪͬ΁ͰͷΒ;ͭͪ Β;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͺͻͰ͵͹̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͳKFͽͪΒ
ͯ;ͭ͹͸ͪΒͪͬΓͳͬͪ͸ͳͭͪͼ͸ͳͺͻͪͬͪ΁ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺ;͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ͻ;ͼ͵ͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͷ ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͷͼͪ
́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͳͶͳͳΒͰͯ͸ͳͷͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͳ͵͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͳͽͳΒͰͯ͸;ͽͪ͵ͬ;͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͭͪͼ͸͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ ͯ͹͵͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͬͳ΃ͰͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ͵͹Βͳͯ͹͸͹
ͼͰ͹ͫͳΓͰͭͪͼͪ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹͵ͳͼͰͬͰͻ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͐Ͱ͵ͪΔͰ͸ͪΒ;ͱ͸;ͽͻͪͼ;ͭͪͼͪ ͸ͪΒ;ͱ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻ
ͽͻͪΒͰ ͺͻͰͯ;ͭ͹ ͯ͹͵ ̹ͻͳͼͰͶ ͳ ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͰ ͼͪ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬ͹ͷ ͫͳΒ;
ͽͰ΃͵;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͫͳͽ͵; ͵͹Βͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͭͪͼ͸ͪ
̹͹ͭͪͽͪͳ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͽ͸͹ ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͱͰ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͷ Β͹΃ͭͪͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰ ͪͲͪ
ͺͻ͹ͫͳΒͪΔͰΒ;ͱ͸ͰͽͻͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰΒͰͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͳͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸̽ͪ
ͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͳΒͪΔ;͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵͹ͭ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ
ͯͪͼ;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯ;t͠;ͱ͸ͳͽ͹͵iͺͻͰ͵ͳ͸;ͽͳ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͼͽ;ͺͳͶͳ;ͺ;͸ͳͲͪͷͪ΀ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ΁Ͱ͹
ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͳ͸ͱͰΔͰͻͼ͵ͳͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͲͪͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͳͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;tͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹iͳtͼͬͰ΂ͪ͸͹ͭi
͸ͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ;Ͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ͸ͪΒ;ͭ;͉;ͼͳΒͰ ;̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͳ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
̀ͪ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͵Γ;΂͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͪͼ͸͹ͷ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ-
ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻ; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͹ͼͽͪͽ͵;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪΔͰͷ;tͼͰͯͳiͺ͹ͶͪͬͰ͵͈ͪ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ;
ͼͺͰ΀ͪͼͪt͠;ͱ͸ͳͷͽ͹͵͹ͷi ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;͸ͪΒͽͰ
ͱͰͷͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ; ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪͭͪͼ;ͺ͹Β;ͱ͸͹ͷ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻ;ͳͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰͭͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌

̻ͻͳͫ ͆

ȽɚɡɨɜɵɣɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɊɨɫɫɢɹɢɧɨɜɵɣɦɢɪɨɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ
̽ͱ;͵ͳ΂ ͊
̺ͻͰͷΊ Έ͸Ͱͻͭͳͳ – ͬͻͰͷΊ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃͹ʹ ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳͳ ͅͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪΊ ͱͳͲ͸·,
ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ
͚;͵ͳΕ ͊
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ
͚;͵ͳΕ ͊
̾ͻͪͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼͪ–ͭͪͼͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̓ͪͻͪͭͪ͸͹ͬ ̸͊ ͗;ͻͭͰ͸ͼ ́͗ ͻͰͯ

ɊɨɫɫɢɹYVȿɜɪɨɩɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɭɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɢɥɢɫɨɸɡ"
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹɢȿɜɪɨɩɚ– ɞɪɭɡɶɹɢɥɢɜɪɚɝɢ"ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ.
̈́͹ͻͪ͸ ͖
ɇɟɮɬɹɧɵɟɦɚɝɧɚɬɵ– ɤɬɨɞɟɥɚɟɬɦɢɪɨɜɭɸɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͼͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ
͵͹ͭ
ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ
ͅ͹ͽΊ΃͹ͬ ̺
Ƚɚɡɢɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ΃ͪ͸ͼ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ
͈ͪ͸Ή΃͵ͳ͸ ̺ ̀Ίͭͪͻ· ͅ
Ƚɚɡɩɪɨɦ͆͹ͬ͹Ͱͻ;ͼͼ͵͹Ͱ͹ͻ;ͱͳͰͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ
͉ͪͻ ̸
Ʉɭɞɚɩɨɞɟɬɉɭɬɢɧ" ɊɨɫɫɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɄɢɬɚɟɦɢȿɜɪɨɩɨɣ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ
300
ɊɟɩɢɧȺȽȽɚɡɢɧɟɮɬɶ– ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣɝɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɣɆɨɫɤɜɚ
ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜɄɊɭɫɫɤɚɹɧɟɮɬɶ– ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɆɨɫɤɜɚ
ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜɄɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɜɟɪɯɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ
ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜɄȽɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɚɹɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɜɨɣɧɚɆɨɫɤɜɚ
ɒɤɭɬɚȺȿɜɪɨɩɟɫɤɢɣɜɟɤɬɨɪɝɚɡɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɊɨɫɫɢɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ȻDɥɤDɧɦDɝDɡɢɧ, ȻɟɥɨɪɭɫɶɫɟɝɨɞɧɹȼɡɝɹɞȽɚɡɟɬɚ, ɀɭɪɧɚɥȽɚɡɩɪɨɦ, ɂɆȿɆɈɉɪɨɮɢɥɶ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɝɚɡɟɬɚ
+PVSOBM/BUVSBMHBTJO"GSJD 0JMBOE(BT&VSPBTJB 0JM(BT+PVSOBM 8PSME&OFSHZ0VUMPPL 5IF8BMM
4USFFU 5IF8PSMEGBDUCPPL
43&Ƃ,04Ƅ6,*Ƃ

ERA OF (RUSSIAN) GAS IN EUROPE – "-40*/5)&#"-,"/4
- An Experiment of (De)Balkanization of Consciousness -
SUMMARY
The Balkans has become a phenomenon in international relations once again, yet not in a positive his-
torical and cultural context, but just the opposite ࡳ a synonym for Balkanization, the fracturing and fragmen-
tation of political thoughts and ideas of life and practices, state and nation, a training ground for competition
of great powers, in particular those from the West. Balkanization was restarted when Yugoslavia was
liquidated as relevant geopolitical reality and a subject of international law, as a dam of extra-regional
impacts of Balkanization. But we cannot pretend not to see that the virus of Balkanization destroys many
parts of the world, that a unique and monolithic Western Europe and even the whole Western world are not
ultimately immune to it.
In this year, 2017, we are already at the end of the third decade of Balkanization of the Balkans. In terms
of values and culture, in the material context as well, it is difficult to talk about progress within that not so
short segment of historical time. The Balkans does not use Russian gas for industrial and social progress in
its own countries, and pipeline 4PVUI4USFBN is stopped for transporting gas for other European countries.
Gas played the role of capital resource in the global competition in our part of the continent, while the Bal-
kans was denied living and working as the rest of Europe in the era of irreplaceable Russian gas. And that is
the reason why we need de-Balkanization of consciousness in the Balkans. The Balkans has been waiting for
its ‘Godot’, who said he would come. The position of the Balkans today is just as in that play of Samuel Bec-
kett 8BJUJOHGPS(PEPU, in which Godot will never appear, because he does not exist in reality.
,&:803%4 the Balkans, great powers, state of crisis, perspectives.
301

̸͈͉͉̻̺͇̺̾̽̿̿́̓́ͣ1
͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ;ͪͭ͠͹ͯͳ͸ͳ
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ

̸̸̸͇̻̺́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋́́͌̈́̾͆͊͋͆́̓͌
̸̸̻͇̹͇̺͇͉̺̈́̈́́̀͆̽͌͑͋͌ͅ
:PVOFFEBDSJTJTJOPSEFSUPHSPX
Paulien Meijer

̾ͶͳͽͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͷ͹ͭ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳͼͬ͹Β;ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͲͪ͸ͪͺ;΃
ͽͪΔͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳͽͪ͵͹
tͶ͹͵ͪͶ΁Ͱiͯͪͺ͹΂ͳͼͽͰ͸ͰͻͰͯ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͲͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ ͫͳͶ͹ͯͪ
ΒͰ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͳͶͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ
;ZHNVOU#BVNBO ͼͽͻ
́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͻͪͯ͸͹
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵͈ͪͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹
ͫͳͼͷ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪͽͬͻͯͳͷ͹ͯͪͳͷͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͵͹Βͳ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͷ͹;ͽ͹͵;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͯͪͳͷͪͷ͹
ͼͷͰ͸;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀;Ͷ͹ͭͪ;ͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹͵ͪͯͪͫͳͻͪͷ͹͹ͫ;Ε;;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͺͻ͹
ͯͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͯͪͫͳͼͷ͹ͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ͹͸;͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͌͸Ͱ͵Ͱ
΃͵͹ͶͰͼͰͲͪΓ;ͫΓ;ΒͰͷ͹ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸ͪͷͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͽͰͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳΒ; ͪͳͲ
͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ΒͰͯͬͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪͷ͹ͯͪͳͲͪΌͰͷ͹͇͸͹΃ͽ͹͸ͰͱͰͶͳͷ͹ͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸͹
ͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͷ͹ΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͽͪΒͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͲΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽ–ͬͰ͹ͷͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸
#FUI,FMMZ ͼͽͻ
1
predrag.zivkovic@pefja.kg.ac.rs
302
̸͈͉͉̻̺͇̺̾̽̿̿́̓́ͣ́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͉Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͫ;΁ͳ
ͳ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͼͽͳ΂;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͭͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪͳ
;΂ͰΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͰͳͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͰ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪ
͌ͼͬͰͽͶ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ΀͹Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ;ͻͪͯ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳͲ;ΒͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͯ͹ͯͰ
ΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͲͪͯͻ;ͭͰͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͲͪͼͰͫͰ
͌ͻͪͯ;ͼͰ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ;ͽ͹͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪͳͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͪ
ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ͵͹Βͳͭͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱ;ΒͰ͆ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͷ͹ͭͶͳͫͳͫͳͽͳ
ͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͳ΀ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͳ
ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪΔͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰͺͻ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͰͲͪͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹;΂ͰΔͰͳͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹Ͷͪͫ͹ͻͪ
ͽͳͬ͸͹ͳ͵͹͹ͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͪͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͰͶ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭ;΂ͰΔ͇ͪͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͯͬͰ
ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͪ Ϳ͹͵;ͼ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔ; ͼͪͼͬͳͷ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͳͺ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸͹ͭͳͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹ͼͶ;
ͳ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͯͪͼͰ
ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸Ͱͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͰͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸;ͯ͹ͫͳͽ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͼͪͷ͹ ͼ;ͺͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
͌ ͻͪͯ; ͼͰ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ ͼ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ΀͹ͷ͹-
ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͯͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͪͼͳͷͳͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͺͳͼͪ͸ΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͫ;͵;͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ; ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͳͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͳͲ͹ͬͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͳtͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹i

͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΀͹Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ

̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸͇̹͉͇̺́́̀̾͢͠
͉ͪͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͱͰͼͽ͹͵͹͸ͪͯͷͰͽͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ;͸ͪͯͳͯͪ
;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͰͳͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͹ΒͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͺͰΒͲͪͱͰ
ͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ
ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ 4USPNRVJTU.POLNBO
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ͶͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͳͶͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͪ͹ #VSCMFT5PSSFT
ͺͪͼ;ͳͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ
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ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ΃͵͹ͶͰͳ͹ͯͶͳ͵ͪͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;΂ͳ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱ +BDLTPO
Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͰͼ;ͳͺͻ͹
ͷͰ͸Ͱ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͳͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵͹ΒͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ %BSMJOH-)BNNPOE$PCC

̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͷͰͼͽͳͷͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸͹ 7VMMJBNZ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͪͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͪ͹
;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͯ͹͵͹ΒͰͭΒͰͽ͹ͯͳͼͽͳ͸͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͸͹ͬͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸
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ͼͬͰ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͲͷͰ͸͹ͷ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹-
ͯΔͰͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳͷ ;ͷͻͰͱͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰͶͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪi (Gibson-Graham, 2006,
ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Γͳͬ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͵;Ͷ-
ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ;ͻͰͿͰͻͳͼͪΔ;͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͼͳͲͷͪ
ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͺͻͪͬͯͰ ͪͶͳͳ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ΃ͪ͸ͼͳͳͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ
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΁ͰͼͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻͰ "CEJ4IVMU[ #FOOFUU $BSS1PSGJMJP
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͈͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͳ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳ;ͬͰͲͳͼ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;
ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ̽Ͱ͹ͽͰͯͰͫͪͽͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ΒͰͼͽͰ΃͵͹Εͪͷͪt͹ͽͺͰͽΓͪͬͪΔͪiͺ͹ͼ-
ͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͪ͹͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͯͰ͹-
Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ̓ͪͻ͸͹Β $BSOPZ
ͼ;ͭͰͻͳͼͪ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͸ͪ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͳ͸ͪͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒ;͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱ;΂ͳ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱ ;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪͫͳ͹ͷͳ͸ͳ-
ͷͪͶͪ͸ͪͅͶ͹ΒͰͯ͹͵ͪͲͪͯͪͫͳͽͪ͵ͬͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷ͹ͭͶͪͫͳͽͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͪͳ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
̓ͪͻ͸͹Β $BSOPZ
ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬΓͪͳ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼ; ͳͪ͵͹ͼ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ
͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒ;ͫͳͶͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹΃ͳͻͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͼͪΔͪͳ
ͼͽͳͷͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͫͳͶͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͰΕͳ͋ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͺͻ͹-
ͷͰ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵͹;ͷͰ΃͸ͰͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳ-
ͫͳͶ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;Εͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͳͯ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͐ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͷͼͰͯͪͬͻͰͯͳͯͪ͹ͬͯͰͯ͹ͯͪͷ͹Β͹΃ͯͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͈ͻͬͪΒͰͯͪͼ;͹ͬͳ΃ͳͻͳ
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͬͰ͹ͷͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳ;ͼͬ͹ͷͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;̓ͪ͵͹ͽ͹͎ͪͶͪ͵ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰt͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ;Β; ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi )BMMBL ͼͽͻ
̽ͻ;ͭͪΒͰͯͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪ-
Ͳ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΔͳͷͪ ΀ͳͺͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͯͪ ΕͰ ͼͰ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ΒͰΔͪͬͪͽͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͳ ͯͪΓͰ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͪ ͌ ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂;Β;ͯͪt͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͫͳͽ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͲͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃;ͳͻͪͯͰ ΒͰͻͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͶ͹͵ͪ-
΁ͳΒͰ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͳ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪi (Taylor et al ͼͽͻ
ͳͶͳ͹ͺͰͽ ;ͼͬ͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;̻ͻͳ͸
ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰtͯͪͼͰ͹ͬ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸͹ͬ͹;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ΁ͰͶ͹ͱͳ-
ͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭ ;΂ͰΔͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪ ͳ ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪi (SFFO et al.,

͐ͪ͵ͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪͽͳͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͰͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͸ͪ΂ͳ-
͸ͳͷͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͳͺͻͳ͸;ͯͰͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ 3IPUFO
͋ͪ͵͹ tͺ͹Ͷͳ-
ͽͳ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͷͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷ͹ͷ ͪͶͳͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸Ͱ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͻͪͲ-
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ– ͬͰ͹ͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ– ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͪΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͺ͹ͷͳͼͶͳͽͳ
ͯͪͼ;ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱi $BSOPZBOE3IPUFO ͼͽͻ

ͅͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͯͰͻͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͪͳͲͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ;ͬͰͲͰ͸ͪΒͰ;΃͵͹ͶͰͼ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹
΃ͽ͹ͼ;tͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰi ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͪͷͪͳͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͳͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͳ
̽ͳͼ͵;ͻͼ t͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪi 7VMMJBNZ
ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ͼ ͻͰͿ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪΔͰͷ
304
ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͹ͫ;͵Ͱͽ͹͵͹ͷͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͶͰͳͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͰ͸͹ͬͰ
͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ
̺ͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳͳ͸͹ͬͳͻͪΔͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͳͶ;ͼͽͻ͹ͬͪͽͳ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷͪͯͪͼͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͰ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͪͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͬͶͪ
ͯͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͳͳͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΒ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ 7VMMJBNZ
́ͪ͵͹ͷ͸͹ͭͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͽͬͻͯͰͯͪΕͰͽͪ͵͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͺͻ͹
ͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͰͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͯ͹ͯͰͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;ͷͪΔͰΔͪ;ͷͰΕͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ %BWJFTBOE&EXBSET

͹ͬ͹͸ͳΒͰͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͽ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͳͯͰͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;͇͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͽ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶͳ
͵ͪ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΔͰͷΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͯͰ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ΃ͽ͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹-
ͬͪΔͰ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ ̽͹͵ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ ;ͬͰ͵ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͯͪ ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ͵ͪ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͰͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͰ ͷͳͫͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ
ͼͶ͹ͱͳͶͳͼ̽ͰΒͶ͹ͷ %BMF
ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪt͸͹ͬͳͳ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ ͹ͫͻͽ;
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰͳ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ ͳͽ͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ-
΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱi (ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͯͪtͼ͵͹ͻͳΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰ-
ͯͳ΁ͪ͸ͪͳͯͰΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ
͵ͪ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰi (ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪ ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ΀ͳͺͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͰ ͳ ͯͪΓͰ ΕͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪͽͳ
ͻͪͼͽ;ΕͰͼͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ

̸̸̸̸̸͇̻̺̻͇̹͇̺͇͉̺͌̈́̾́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋́͆͊͋͆́̓͌̈́̈́́̀͆̽͌͑͋͌ͅ
̹ͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ ͻͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃; ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼ;͹΂ͪ-
ͬͪΔͰ ͼ ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒ͹ͷ Ϳ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ͳ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ;΂ͰΔͪ
ͻͰͼͺ͹͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͺͪͻͽͳ΁ͳͺͪ-
΁ͳΒͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹;΂ͰΔͰͳͽͯ
͸ͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͇ͬͪ΃ͳͻͪ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ
x ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͽͳͯͪͼͬͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͲ͸ͪΔ; ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳͷͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͷ
͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͰͯͪͫͳͫͳͶͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ
x ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͽͳͯͪ͹ͫ;͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͫ;ͯ;͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͵͹΀ͰͻͰ͸-
ͽ͸ͳͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰ͸ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ
x ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͬ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
x ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪͽͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ
x ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͽͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ
͇ͯ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͰͼͪͯͪ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹΃ͳͻͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ
x ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ– ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼͰ͸͹ͼͰͼͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͽ
ͻͰͫͪͷͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΂ͰΔͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͪ͸ͳΒͰ
x ͸ͪ ͸ͳͬ͹; ;΂ͳ͹͸ͳ͹΁Ͱ – Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͬͳ΃ͳ ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽ ͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ

x ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;΃͵͹ͶͰ– ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ;ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͷ
x ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪͳ΃ͳͻͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ– ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͭͻͪͯͰͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͼ ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰ-
Γͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͷͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͌ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯ;͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ-

͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͻ;ͭͳͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃;
x ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͽͳ;ͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͳ;΂ͰΔ;
x ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͳͷ͹ͬͪͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;΂ͰΔͪ
x ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳͷͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳ͹͵ͻ;
ͱͰΔͰͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪ
͌Ͷ͹ͭͪͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔ;͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳͯͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ;;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ-
΁ͳΒͪͳͰͽͳ͵ͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͼ;͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͸ͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͻͪͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͰͷͰΔͪ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ͸͹ͬͰͼ͸ͪͭͰͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͰͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͰͲͪͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͯ͹͵ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͷ͹ͼ;ͺ-
ͽͳͶ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͻͽͰ
; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͭ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳ΀͊ͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͰͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͳͷͺ;ͶͼͲͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ
ͼͪͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͼͽͳͷ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͼ͹Ϳͳͼͽͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸ͰͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹
΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͰͲͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͳͲͻͪͽ͹ͷͲͪ΀ͬͪ-
ΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸ͪͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͷͶͪ-
ͯͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͵ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͺͻͪͬͯͳͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͳͷͪͽͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͲͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳ΀;΂Ͱ-
͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͯͪͫͳ;ͼͺͰͶͳ;ͼͬͰͽ;͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͼͪͯͪ ͬͰ͹ͷͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ͹ͯ͹͸͹ͭͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;ͱͳͬͰͶͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ-
͸ͳ΁ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͫͳͶͳͷͶͪͯͳ͊;ͭͰͻͳͼͪ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͬͯͰͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͶͪͲͰ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͰ͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳ΀;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͷͳ-
͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Γͳͬ͹ͷ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷͬ͹ΌͰ͸͹ͷͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;́ͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͬͳ΀
ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳ͹;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰͼ;ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͰ-
ͱ͸Ͱͳͯ;ͫ͹͵Ͱ
͌ ͵ΔͳͲͳ"8IPMF/FX.JOE.PWJOHGSPNUIF*OGPSNBUJPO"HFUPUIF$PODFQUVBM"HF ̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶ
͈ͳ͸͵ 1JOL
ͺͻͪͬͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͰͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳΒͰ͹͹ͬ͹Βͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͰ͵ͪͯͪͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ
ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰͽͪͶͰͱͪΕͰ;ͶͳͯͰͻͼͽͬ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͷͳͼͶͰͳͳͷͪΒ; ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ;͵ͻͰͪ-
ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ΀͹Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷͲ͸ͪΔͳͷͪͽ͹ͼ;͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;ͳ
͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͈͹Βͪͷ ͻͰͯ;͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͳ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͵ͪ͹
ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸Ͱ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰͼͰ͵ͪ͹ ͲͪͼͽͪͻͰ͹̸;ͽ͹ͻ͹ͬͳͷ
ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ t͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͳ‫ތ‬ͶͰͬ͹ͭͯͰͶͪͷ͹Ͳͭͪ‫͵ ތ‬͹Βͳͺ͹͵ͻͰΕ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵͹ͯ͹ͫͪ– ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͼ; ͪͶͳ
͸ͳͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳi 1JOL ͼͽͻ

͇͸ ͽͬͻͯͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ;ͼͺͰ΀ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ
; ͼͬͰͽ; ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
͹ͼͶͪΔͪΒ; ͼͪͯͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͰtͯͰͼ͸͹ͭͷ͹Ͳͭͪi ΃ͽ͹;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳ͸ͬͰ͸ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪ-
ͱͰΔͰ ͼͷͳͼͶͪ ; ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͰͷͺͪͽͳΒ; ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͻͳ΂; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯͪ
306
ͲͪͯͻͱͰ͸ͳͬ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ;΂ͰΔͪ͵͹Βͳͫͳ;ͽͳ-
΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͫ;ͯ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳͪͶͳ͹͸Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪͼͽͪͬͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;
΃ͳͻͳͽͳ ; ͹͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ tͯͰͼ͸͹ͭͷ͹Ͳͭͪi ͇ͬͳ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹Ͳͳ ͯ͹ͯͪͽͳ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͯ͹ͫͻͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ΃ͳͻͰ;͸ͪ΃ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͪͼͺͳ-
ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳͷͪΒ;ͳͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͶͳͫͳͼͷ͹ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ;ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ͇ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ͹ͬͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͪ
ͽͻͪΔͪΒͰͼ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
0ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ΒͰͼͽͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͵͹ΒͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͼ͵ͻ;ͽͳ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;΂ͰΔ;ͼ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͺͻͪͬͯ;ͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵;͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͼͽ ;ͼͬͰͽ;͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼ-
ͽͪΒͰ ͼͬͰ ͷͪΔͳ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͼ͹Ϳͳͼͽͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ
͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͲͯͻͪͬΓͰͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͼͬͰ͹͸Ͱ
ͼͰ΃ͳͻͰͬͪ͸͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹Β ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͹͵͹ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪͳͷͪͷͪͶ͹ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͪ͸ͷ͹͸͹Ͷͳͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹Βͷͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͶͳͺͻͰͽͺ͹-
ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΂͵͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶ̸ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;̸Ͷͳ̸ͫͯͳͳ̈́ͳ͸Ͱͽ
͑;Ͷ΁ "MJ"CEJ-ZOFUUF4IVMU[
ͼ;ͭͰͻͳ΃;ͯͪΒͰt͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒiͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ–
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͪͯͻͰͼͳͻͪΒ;͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ;ͼͬͰͽ;͵ͻ͹ͲͰ͵͹-
͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ́Ͷͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͽ͹͈ͪΒ͵ͽͬͻͯͳ
tͯͪΒͰͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͯͪͻͪͲ-
ͬͳΒͪͷ͹ͯͰͶͰͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ ͸ͪͼ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͳͽͳ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͯͪͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳ-
Ͳ;ΒͰͷ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪ͹ͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͼͬͰͽͪ;͵͹ͷͰͱͳͬͳͷ͹<> ͼͬͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͼ;ͯͫͳ͸Ͱͼ;ͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰ-
ͽͰ͸Ͱ ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽ͹͵ͪ͹ͯͰ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͲͯͻͪͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷ
ͷͶͪͯͳΓ;ͯͳͳͭͻͪΒ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳi 1JLF ͼͽͻ

̓͹͸ͬͰͻͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͯͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯ͵ͻ͹ͼ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͪ͸ͭͪ-
ͱͷͪ͸͇ͪͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͬͳͯͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͳͲͪͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͭ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪͽͳͭͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯ;ͫΓͰͷͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ; ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͹͸͹ͭͯͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΂͵;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;
ͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͳͺͳͽͪΔͪͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͷ͹ΕͳͳͺͻͪͬͯͰ ͳͯͪ
͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽ͹ͭͪ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹Βͼͽ͹ͷͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒ͹ͷ.
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ ͽͬ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͯͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸͹ ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β; ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵͹Β͹ͫ;΁ͳ͈ͻͬ͹ ͬͪͱ͸͹
ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͺͳ΃;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͷͪͳ΀ͷ͸͹ͭ͹
ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪͯͪͻͪͲͬͳΒ;ͯ;ͫΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͳͺ͹ͽ-
ͺ;͸ͳΒͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ͹Δͳͷͪ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͵ͻͪΒΔͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ;Β;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͲͬͳ
ͻ;ͳͲ͹ͬͳ΀ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͻͪͲͬͳΒ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸Ͱͽͬ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͳͳͺͻͪ
͵ͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪ ͯͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͰͳͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ͋ͻͰΕͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͰͷͺͳ
ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͰ͹ͬͳ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͳͳͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹΃ͽͰͽ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͷ͹ͭͶͰ;ͫͶͪͱͳͽͳ
307
̽ͬͰͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͰͼͰͽͳ͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼ;͹΂ͳͶͰͼ;ͼͰ;͸ͪͷͰ
ͻͳͯͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ;Β;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͯ
Δͳ΀ ͳͶͳ͹ͫͰ ͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪͶͪ ΒͰͳͺ͹͸;ͯͳͶͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ 5PSSFT
͇ͬͰ
ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ͸;ͯͳͼ͸ͪͱ͸F ͪͶͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͳͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͳ͹ͫ;΁ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ-
͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͼͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪͼͰͼͻͪͼͽ;Ε͹ͷͯͳͬͰͻͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ;΂ͳ͹͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ
΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ̓͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͰͷͳͶͪ͵͹ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳ
ͼͽͰΕͳΒͰͿͽͳ͸͹ͷͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷ ;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹Βͺ͹ͽͻͪͲͳͲͪͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͭͶ͹-
ͫͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔ;ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͳͲͻ;ͻͪͶ-
͸ͳ΀;ͭͻͪͯͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͳͳͲͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ; ͹͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ (BSDJBFUBM
͇ͬͰ
ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ;ͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͿͳ͵;Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸; ͻͪͼ͸;ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ-
΁ͳΒͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ͯͪΓͰ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͯͪͺͻͳͺ-
ͻͰͷͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͰQSPFUDPOUSB ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ #BOLT

͈ͻͬͪ ΒͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ ;IBP
̀ͪͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ
ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͯͪ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ͹ͺͼͽ͹Βͪͬͪ;͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽ;ͯͪ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͳ͸͹ͬͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͷͻͪͼͺ͹͸;͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͲͪͽͳͷ
ͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͰͯͪͼͰͶ͹΁ͳͻͪΒ; ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;ͳͻͪΒ;ͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͳͺ͹͸;ͯͳͽͳ͹ͯͭ͹-
ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸Ͱ ;ͼͶ;ͭͰͲͪͽͪ͵ͬͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ; ͳͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ 4QSJOH
1998).
̽ͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͽͪ͵ͷͳ΂ͳͶͳ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β ͪͻͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͯͪ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ; ͸͹ͬͰ ͳͯͰΒͰ ͳ
ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ ͼͪͻͪΌ;Β;ͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΒ;ͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹-
ΌͪͬͪΒ; ͳ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃; ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͳͷͪ 4USPNRVJTU
2002). ͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͷͳͼͳΒͳ͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒ;ͼͪͼͬͳͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͬͻͼͽͰͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ-
͸ͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͯ͸͹ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͭͻ;ͺͪ͋͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ
ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵; ͳ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵; ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͷ;ͶͽͳΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ
΂ͳͽͪͶͪ΂͵Ͱ
ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͪ͵ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ
ͲͪͻͪͯͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪ -POHWJFX'PVOEBUJPO

́Ͳ ͹ͬͰ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ
͹ͺͻͰͷͳͽͳͫ;ͯ;Ε;ͻͪͯ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͼͰͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͶͪͫ͹ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͳͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰͳͼ;ͼͻͰͽ͸;ͼͰͼ͹ͬͳͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ 5BUUP

̓ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͪͷͫͳ΁ͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͳͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳͯͪͫͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻ-
ͷͳͼͪͶͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸;ͺͻͪ͵ͼ; ͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ;ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒͳͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱ-
ͼͳͷͪ .FSSZGJFME 5BUUP
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͰ͸ͰͺͪͱΓͳͬ͹ ͺͪͺͻͰͽͺ͹-
ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ ͼͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸Ͱ͹ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹Β͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͳ;΂ͰΔ; ;ͬͰͲͳͼ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͹ͷ͸ͳͼ;; ͺ͹ͽ;͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸Ͱ %FMBOETIJSF1FUSPTLZ -PPNJT 3PESJHF[5JMMNBO

̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͽͻͪͼͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹-ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽ͹ΒͳͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ͵ͻͳ
ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ͺ͹͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪ ͬͳͯͳ
͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸Ͱ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͯͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β; ͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͰ
308
#VSCVMFT5PSSFT
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷͼͰͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͯ;͵͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲ͹-
ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͼ;ͺͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹͸ͰͶ͹͸ͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͳͬ; ͫͰͯ;ͷͳͶͳ͹-
͸ͳͷͪ Γ;ͯͳ ; ΁ͰͶ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; "QQMF .D-BSFO 'BSBINBOEQVS
́Ͳ ͹ͬͰ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ
͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪΒͰͼ;ͯͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͺͻͳͬͻ-
ͱͰ͸ͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β ͺͻͪͬͯͳ ͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ ͯͪ ͼͽͰ͵͸; ͳ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵;
ͼͪͷ͹
ͼͬͰͼͽ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͰͲͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͳͲͭͻͪΌ;Β;ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷ; (JSPVY

̽ͪͫͳͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪͶͳ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͳ
ͯͪͫ;ͯ;Βͪͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸;ͬͳͲͳΒ; ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͳͻͪΒ;΀ͻͪͫͻ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵͹͹ͻ;ΌͰ(ͪͶͪͽ͵Ͱ) ͯͪͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱͯͪͫ;ͯ;;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ;͵ͻͳͽͳ-
΂͵͹ΒͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳ #BUFT 'SFJSF (JSPVY.D-BSFO .D-BSFO'BSBINBOEQVS

͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͫͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ; ͵ͪ͵͹ ΃ͳͻͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ;ͽͳ΂; ͸ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰ
΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬ͹ͳ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͯͪͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰͼͽͳͷ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͷ͹Ε͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ;΃ͳͻ͹Β
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͺ͹ͽͶͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ– ͯͪͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͪΒ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͷͺͻͪ͵-
ͼͪͷͪ .D-BSFO'BSBINBOEQVS
͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͪ ͹ͫ;͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͲͪͲͪͼͽ;ͺ-
͸ͳ͵ͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ΒͰͼ;ͯͰ͹΃ͳͻͰͭ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͫͳͷ͹ͻͪ͹
ͫͳͽͳ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͻͪͲ-
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳͳ͹͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ
(BateT ,VNBTIJSP
̓;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ ;ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵͹Β ͹ͫ;΁ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͻͰ-
ͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;Ϳ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͷ͹Εͫ;ͯ;Εͳͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͯͪͻͪͲͬͳΒ;͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͰͯͪͳͲͪͲͳ-
ͬͪΒ; ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ; ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͳ Ͷͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳͷ ;΂ͳ͹͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ,
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳͼͬ͹Βͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ
ͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼ͹͸ͳͷͲ͸ͪΔͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪ
ͼͽͳ΂; ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;
͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ #BMM

͈ͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͪ ͺ͹ͫͻͪͶͪΒͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͳͺͻͪͬ͸;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͼ
ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪ ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲ;ΒͰ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ;΂Ͱ-
͸ͳ΁ͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͲ͸ͪΒ; ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪ;΂Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰΔ;Β;ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪΒ; /BUJPOBM#PBSEGPS1SPGFTTJPOBM5FBDIJOH4UBOEBSET

́ͺͪ͵ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ ͳͪ͵͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼͰͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͪͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷ͇ͪͬͪ͵ͬͰͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰͼ;ͯͪ-
ͻͪΒ;ͼͰͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͪͳ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ-
ͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸Ͱ ; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳ Ͱ͵͹-
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ %FMBOETIFSF 1FUSPTLZ
͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͬͰ ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰͼ; ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ;ͼ
ͬͻͼͽͪͷͪ ͻͰͼͺ͹͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭ ;΂ͰΔͪ ͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭ Ͳͪ ͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ; ͼ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͋ͪ͵ͬͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͼ;͸ͪͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔ;͵ͪͻͪ͵-
ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͼ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͻͪͼ͸ͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͽͳ΂;ͳ͸ͪ;΂ͰΔͰͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͯ;΂ͪ-
ͬͪΔͰ (BZ -BETPO-#JMMJOHT
͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ͹ͫ;͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳ-
ͻͪΒ;ͺͪͱΓͳͬ͹ͼͰͶͰ͵ͽͳͻͪΔͰ͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽͪͳͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͲͪͫͶͳͱͰ
309
ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ
͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͰͼ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ CBDLHSPVOET
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͳͺ͹ͻ͹-
ͯͳ΁ͪ (BSDJBFUBM -BETPO-Billings, 1999).
͌ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸΁ͳͺͳͻͪΔͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ
ͫͳ͹ΒͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͇ͬͪͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪͳͷͪͶͪΒͰͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳ-
ͽͳ͵ͪ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͼ ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷ͹ͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͊ͪ ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸͹ͷ
ͪͭͰ͸ͯ͹ͷͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͳ͹ͫ;͵Ͱ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͺͰͶͪͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͺ͹Ͷͳ-
ͽͳ΂͵; ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ; ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼͳͼͽͰ-
ͷͳͷͪ ,VNBTIJSP
͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳ-
ͽͳͷͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪͫͳΕͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͰͯͪͫͳͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͶͰͷ͹Ε;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͷͪΒ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹Β
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ΃ͽ͹;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͽͰ΃͵͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͳͷ͠Ͱͯ͸ͳͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;
ͻͪͯ͸;ͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͹ͺͻͰͼͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ͫͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸;ͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͬͳͯͰͽͳ
͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵;Ͳͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ 0HCV 0HCV4JNPOT

́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͫͳͶ͹ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͪ ͫͳͶ͹ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵-
ͽͳͬ;͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͼ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͇ͪͫͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͼ;ͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͹ͭͻͪ-
͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ;΂ͳΒͰͷͿ͹͵;ͼ;ͼ;ͫͳͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳΔͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪͼ-
ͽͪͬ;ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲ͹-
ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪͲͪ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͻͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͳͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͪͭͰ͸ͯͰͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳ͸ͪ
ͫͰ͸ͳͿͳͽͳͷͪ͹ͫ;͵Ͱͳ͹ͫ;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͯ͹͵΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰͬͪΒ;ͯͪͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͺ͹ͽͰ͸-
΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͯͰͬͪͼͽͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;̽͹͵ͺͪͱ-
Γͳͬ͹ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͺͪͽΔ; ͵͹Β; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ ͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰͬͪΒ;ͯͪͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽ͸͹ͳ
ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͯͪͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͰͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪΓ;ͯͳͳͯͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͳ;ΒͰͯ-
͸͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸͹ (JOUSJDBUFMZ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ ͼͽͳͷ΃ͽͪ ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͷͰͼͽͳͷͪͳ
ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͪͅΒ͵Ͷ̾ͺͶͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͹ͬͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳΒͰͼ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱͪ͸ͯͰ͹
ͻͰͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͰͬͰ͹ͷͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹;Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͪΔ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳ
ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͼ͵ͰͪͭͰ͸ͯͰ "QQMF

ͅ͸͹ͭͰ͹ͯͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͳͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰͲͪͼͶ;-
ͱ;Β;ͯͪΓͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪ ͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ
Δͪ
ͷ͹ͭͶͰ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͽͳ ; ͬ͹ͯͳ΂ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ ͼ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ $VCBO
͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͳͲͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͪ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪ-
ͬ͵ͪͯͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͪͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪͷ͹ͭ;ͬ͹ͯͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸ͳ-
Β͹Β͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͳͬͳ΃ͳͷͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͳͷͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͽ͵ͻͰͺΓͰ͸ͪ͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ ͳͲͺͰͻ-
ͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪͲͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ;΂ͰΔͰ;΂Ͱ-
͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ
͋Ͱͱͪ͵ΒͰ ͷͪͯͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸ Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͳ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͽ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪ-
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͹͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ
ͽͳ΂; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͌ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ; ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
310
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β; ͳͼ͵ͻͼͪͬͪΒ; ͳ ; ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔ;
ͺͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ Ͳͪ
ͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͸ͳ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹-
Γ͸ͳ
)JFCFSU

͊ͶͰͯͰΕͳͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ;͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ̾ͺͶ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰ ;͹ͬ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͯ͹͵;΂ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷ-
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀͸ͪͺ͹ͻͪͳͫ͹ͻͫͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͳ͹͸ͳ΀;
̸͊̽̽ͪͫͳͼͰͻͪͲͬͳͶ͹ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͳͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪ͹ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸͹ͽͺ͹ͻ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͳͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͳͲͬ͹ͻͰ͵͹Βͳ
ͼ;ͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͲͪͽͳͷͯͪͻͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪΒ;;ͭͶ͹ͬͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͪͳͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͳͻͪͲ-
ͷͳ΃ΓͪΒ;ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹͹ͼͶ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͹͵ͬͳͻ̾ͺͶ ̸QQMF

ͷ͹ͯͰͶ;ΒͰͽͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͻͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪΔͰͳͻͰͶͪ΁ͳ͹͸;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ; ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵;ͶͳͽͰ-
ͻͪͽ;ͻ;͵͹Β;ͼ;ͻͪͲͬͳͶͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͹ͼͽͬͪ-
ͻͳ͹ͳͻͪͲͬͳ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸;ͼͶͳ͵;͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͹ͫ;͵Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;̸͊̽ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͫ͹ͻͫͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ̓͹͸ͪ΂͸͹
͹͸ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͳ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪͽͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͯ;͵ͪͽ͹ͻͰͯͪͻͪͲ;-
ͷͰΒ;͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͳͽ;ͳͻͪ͸͹;͸;ͽͪͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͺͪͻͽͳ΁ͳͺͳͻͪΒ;;
ͫ͹ͻͫͳͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ΃ͽͰͽ͸ͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ
ͪͯͪͅ ͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ; ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ̾ͺͶ Β͹΃ ;ͬͰ͵ ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺͻ͹ͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸Ͱ
ͪͭͰ͸ͯͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͼ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ΂ͳ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ-
͵ͪͷͪ͹ͬͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ #BMM
̓ͪ͵͹͹͸ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͳͼͪͽͳͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵;
ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͳͲ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͲͪ ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͳ ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͳ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͻͪͲͷͰͻͪ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͷ͹ͭͶͳ ͳ͸͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͳͼͪͽͳ ͳ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ
ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸ͰͳͯͰͪͶͰͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͰ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ͵;ͻͳ͵;Ͷ;ͷͰͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹-
ΒͰΕͰͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͰͳ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͷͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ̽ͪͶͳΕͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ͵;ͻͳ͵;-
Ͷ;ͷͳͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰͫͳͽͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΔ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͫ͹ͻͫ;ͺͻ͹-
ͽͳͬͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ
͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͹ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ΁ͪ͌ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ͵ͪͷͪͶ͹ΒͳΒͪ͵͹Β
ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͯͪ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪ;ͷͪΔͳ-
ͬͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ .FOUFSFUBM ͼͽͻ
ͅͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͼͽͬ͹ͽ;ͳͷͪͼͻͰͯͳ΃ΔͰ
ͷͰͼͽ͹ͅͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͽͻͰͫͪͯͪtͯ͹ͬͰͯͰͯ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪΕͰͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳͺͻͳΒͰͷ΂ͳͬͳΒͳͷͪͲͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ͵ͶͳΒͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰͺͻ͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪΔͰi (Menter
FUBM ͼͽͻ
͇͸͹ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͷͪ
ͳ;΂ͳ͸ͳͯͪͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͲͪ;ͲͯͪͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒ;ͳ͹ͫͰͼ΀ͻͪͫͻͳ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͰ
̓ͻͪΒΔͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͼ;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͇͸ͳ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΔͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͫͰ-
ͲͫͰͯͳtͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ͼͽ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ;ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͭͫͻ͹Βͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱ-
Δ;ΒͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͳͽͳͽͰͼͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͽ͹ͭͽͳͺͪͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͬͻͶ͹͸Ͱ;-
ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ;͵ͶͪͺͪͶ͹ ; ΃ͳͻͰ ;ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͪ
311
Ͳͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ ͹ͯ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ Βͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͰͻͬͳͼͳͷͪ ͳ Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͽ
ͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰͺ;ͽͰͷͽͻͱͳ΃͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰi 0)FBS –66).
̓ͪ͵ͬͳͼ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ ̽ͪͶͳͼͳͼ-
ͽͰͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͳͼͽͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷ
ͼͬͰͽ; ͈ͳͽͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͹ͬͪ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͪͼ;ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸͹ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰ
͵ͪͯͪͼ;;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͪ;ͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒ;͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰͯͪͺͻͪͽͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ-
͸͹ͷ ͳ ͫͻͲ͹ ͻͪͼͽ;ΕͰͷ ͳ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ΕͰͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͪ
ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ;ͬ͹ͯͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ– ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͳͷͰ͸-
ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ; ͸ͪͷͰͻͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͷ͹ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Γͳͬ͹Β ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͇ͬͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ; ͯͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ;ͬͰͯ; ͸͹ͬͰ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͶͳ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͸ͪ ͸͹ͬͰ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪ
͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͊ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͽͪ΂͵ͰͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳͳ͸ͪΒΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͼͰ
ͼ;͹΂ͳͷ͹ͼ͹ͬͳͷͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷͪΒͰͼͽͰͳ͸ͬͰ͸ͼͽͳͻͪΔͰ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ͹ͫ;΂ͳͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ– ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͫͳͫͳͶͳͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͬ͹ͯͳ΂ͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;
ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳͷͪ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹Β ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ΕͰ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͽͳ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΕͰ ͬ͹ͯͳͽͳ ͻͪ΂;͸ͪ ͹ Ͷͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͳͷͪ
ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͺͻͰͯͳͼͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ; ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͳ΀ ;͵Γ;΂;Β; ;
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸; ͼͪͻͪͯΔ; ͼͪ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͷͳ ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;Β;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸;ͳ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵;
ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͳ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪͯͳ͸ͪ-
ͷͳ͵ͪ ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͳ ͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱ Γ;ͯͳ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͹ͺͳͼͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͪ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ́͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;
͹͵ͬͳͻ;̾͌ΒͰͯ͸ͪΒͰ͹ͯͿͪͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳͯͪͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ
͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͵͹͸ͽͻͪͯͳ͵ͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͊Ͷͳ΂͸Ͱ ͻͰͿͰ-
ͻͰ͸΁Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰ ͺͻͪͬͳͽͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪ ͼͪͼͬͳͷͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵ͪ͹ͯͪtͭͪͼͳͼͪͷͪ
ͼͰͫͰi ͳ ͹ͯ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͳͲͬͪ͸ ̾͌ ̓ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ &TTBSZ
͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ͳͷͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͲͪͯͪͽ͵Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ
͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ; ͹ͯ΃͵͹ͶͰͯͪ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͰͯͪͳͭͻͪΒ; ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͯͻ;΃-
ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ;Ͷ͹ͭͰͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͯͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃;;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ ͼ
͸ͪͭͶͪͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͻͪͯ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͈͹Ͱ͸ͽͪ ΒͰ ͹ͺͻͰͷͳͽͳ ͳ΀ ͯͪ
ͫ;ͯ;;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͼͰͽͪ͵ͷͳ΂ͰͲͪͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;ͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽͳͷͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β
ͬͰΕ ͳ ; ͫͳͶ͹ ͵͹Β͹Β ͲͰͷΓͳ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͪ͠͸ͭ; :BOH
΃͵͹ͶͰ ͫͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͺͻ;ͱͰ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͲ͸ͪΔͰͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͶͳ΂͸͹
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͳ Ͱͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͼͪ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰͭͪ ͹͵ͻ;-
ͱ;Β;͋ͪ͵ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ͷͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;;΂Ͱ
Δͪ ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͯ͹ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͰͬͳͲͳΒͰͳͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͬͰͽͪ 04VMMJWBO

312
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ͸ͪ ;ͷ; ͷ͹ͭͶͳ ͫͳͼͷ͹ ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ ͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͽͳ
͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵Ͱ ͼ
͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͬͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳͼ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͼͳͯͰ͸-
ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͌͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͳͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͰ͸͹ͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;̻ͻͰΒͰͷͪͳ͍ͰͶͺͼͪ (SBIBN
and PhFMQT
͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;;͵Γ;΂;Β;
1. ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ
ͳͻͪͯ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;
2. ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͳ;ͷͰΕͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ
3. ͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ
4. ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪΔͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͺͻͪ͵ͼ͹ͷ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ
6. ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͰ͵͹Βͪͫͳ;ͫͻͲͪͶͪͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳͶͪ;΂ͰΔͰ
7. ͻͪͯ;ͭͻ;ͺͳ͵ͪ͹΂Ͷͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ
8. ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͪ΁ͰͶ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭ;΂ͰΔͪ
͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͳͬͰΕͻͪͯͰͷ͹ͻͪͶͳͫͳͯͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͯͰΒͰͳͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽͪͽ͹
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͫͳͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵– ͸Ͱͫͳͽͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃ͳͬͳͰ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ;ͼͬ͹ͷͺ͹Γ;Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͽͳͲͰ ͬͰΕͰ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ;
ͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ; ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ;΂ͰΔͪ ͋ͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͫͳ ͯͪ ͯͰͶ;Β; ͺͻͰͷͪ ̻ͻͰΒͰͷ; ͳ ͍ͰͶͺͼ; (SBIBN BOE
Pelps
͵ͪ͹Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͽͳͲͪ;΂ͰΔͰ ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹ͷ͵͹ͯ̾ͻͽͷͰͻͪͳ͢;ͫͪΒͪ (SBIBNBOE
PhFMQT
͵͹Βͳ Ͳ͸ͪΒ; ͳ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ ͼ; ͯͪ ͯͰͶ;Β; ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΒ; ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸;Β; ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ
͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼ; ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ; ΒͰͻ ͳͷͪΒ; ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͳ;Δ͹Β;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β; ͽ͹͵͹ͷ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͲͪͬͻͰͷͰ
ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫ;͵Ͱ΃Ͱͭͻͽ;Β;;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔ;
-PSUJF
͇ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͫͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͳͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͼͬͰͯ͹͵͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳͼͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
Γ;ͯͳͷͪͳ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͼͬͰͯͪΓͰͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;Εͳͳ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪ-
ͬͪΒ;Εͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ͆Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͵ͻͪΒΔͪͽͪ΂͵ͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;Εͳͳ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;Εͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ– ΃ͽͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͫͳͽͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ ͳ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ͷͪͯͪ ͷ͹ͱͯͪ ͼ;ͺ-
ͽͳͶ͸͹ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ
͌Ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͫͳͽͳ͸ͪͼ-
ͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵; Ͳͪ
ͯͪͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͇͸͹ΒͰͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪ͸͹ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͹ͯͻͱͪ-
ͬͪ͸͹ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ #VM-
lough, Gitlin & Goldstein, 1984).
t͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͲͪ΀-
ͽͰͬͳͷͪͽͰ΀͸͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͪͷͰͽͳͳͳͯͰͪͶͳͷͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͳΒͪͬ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ;ͭͰi (Bullough eUBM ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪͼͰ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸͹ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹;ͼ͵͹ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ;ͼͶ;ͱ͸ͳͳͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͫͻͳͭͰ͹ͷͶͪͯͳͷͪ͌͹ͫͳ΂ͪ-
ΒͰ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰ ;Ͷ͹ͭͰͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸Ͱ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
313
͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͷͪΒ; ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͍Ͷ͹ͻͳ͹-͉;ͪ͸ 'MP-
rio-3VBOF
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͬͳͯΓͳͬͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͳͶͳ͸ͰͬͳͯΓͳͬͳͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳ͹
tͬͳͯΓͳͬͰ͸͹ͻͷͰͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;ΕͰ͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͺͻͰ-
ͯ;ͲͳͷΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͯͪͯͰͶ;Β;͸ͪ͸͹ͬ ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸<>͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪΒͰ;ͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͳͻͰͼͺ͹͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͪ͸ͪ͸͹ͻͷͰ
ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ ͪͶͳͳͳͷͺͻ͹ͬͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͳͻͰͼͺ͹͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͰ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵Ͱi(ͳͼͽ͹, ͼͽͻ209).
́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵͹ tͼ͹΂ͳͬ͹i ͯͪΒͰ ͳ ͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪ Ϳ͹͵;ͼ ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸Ͱ
ͼͳͽ;ͳͻͪ͸ͰͳͿͶ;ͳͯ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͯ͹͸͹ͼͰͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͼͺͻͰͷͪΒ;ͳͻͰͪͶͳͲ;Β;͸ͪͼ-
ͽͪͬ;̀ͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸͸ͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪͳͲ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͳͽͻͰͽͳͻͪ͵ͪ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ-
͸ͳ΀΁ͻͽͪͳ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;͵ͻ͹Ͳͷͪ͵ͻ͹ͳͷͳ͵ͻ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ )PMMBOE
-BDIJPDPUUF 4LJOOFS$BJO #BLIUJOJO)PMRVJTU .FBE

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͷͪ͵ͻ͹ ͳ ͷͳ͵ͻ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ Ͷͪ͵͹ ͻͪͲͯͬ͹Βͳͽͳ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Β ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹
ͽ͹ͭͪ ͻͪͼͪ ͵Ͷͪͼͪͳͺ͹Ͷͼ;΃ͳͻ͹͵Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͺͪ͵ ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹-
ͬͪ͸͹;ͽ͵ͪ͸ͳ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪt͡;ͯͳ͸ͰͯͰͶ;Β;ͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵ͶͪͼͪͷͪͳͶͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪ͹͸ͳͯͰͶ;Β;ͺͻͰͷͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪi (Woods, 1996,
ͼͽͻ

́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ;ΒͰ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΕͳͳͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪΔͪ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͯͪ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͪ͸ͪͺͪͻͽͳ͵;-
Ͷͪͻͪ͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ ͼ; ͼ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ ͽͳ΀ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͯ͹͵ ͳͼͽ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͲ;Β; ͼͰͫͰ
ͫͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͯͪ ͯͰͶ;Β; ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͻͪͬ͸ͪͬͪΒ; ͼͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͳͷͪ (PGGNBO
-JOEF
́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽΓͪͬͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͰͲͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ;
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪ ¢͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳ͹ͬ͹͹ͫͰͶ͹ͯͪΔ;ΒͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ͵͹Βͳͷͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͼͬͰͼ-
͸ͳΒͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ̓ͪͯͪͼ;;Ͷ͹ͭͰͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Βͬͻͼͽͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͳͼ͵;ͼͰ͵͹͸ͼ͹͸ͪ͸΁; ͼͶͪͭͪΔͰ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪͳ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ ͳͲ
ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ ͪͶͳͳͷͪΒ;
Ͷͳͷͳͽͳͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ΃ͪ͸ͼͰ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͪͼͽ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͆ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺͻͪͬͳ
ͯͳͼ͹͸ͪ͸΁; ͺͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰͯͪͳͷͼͰ͹ͫͻͪͽͰͲͪ
ͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ
̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ; ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ;Β;ͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻ-
ͷͳ΃;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͯͪͫͳͼͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪͶͳͼͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͳͷͪͳ
΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͺͻͪͬ͹Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹Βͳͫͳͫͳ͹;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͳ΂ͪ͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͸ͳ΃-
ͽͪͬͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ͹ͫ;͵Ͱͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
́ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰ ͸ͪΒͰͯͪ͸Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͯͪ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪ
͹ͼͽͪΒͰͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͪ͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ͸ͪͬͪͽͻͰ͸͹ΒͶͳ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͬͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͪͳ
ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪͳ͸ͪͻͪͲ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͰͼͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵;Β;Ͳͫ͹ͭ͹ͺͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭͶ͹΃Ͱ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹
ͼͬͰͽ;ͬͪ͸΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͳͶͳͲͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͯͪͲͪͯͻͱͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͪͬͪ΂ͪ͌ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ
ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺͪͽͰ ͹ͯ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͻͳͷͪΒ; ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͯͳ͵ͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͼͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;̽ͪͻͶͳͭ-͎ͪͷ͹͸ͯͳͯͻ;ͭͳ %BSMJOH-
314
)BNNPOEFU BM ͼͽͻ
͵ͪ͹ͳ̈́͹ͽ͹͸ -BXUPO
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͳͼ;΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͼͪͼͬͳͷ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰ
1. ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͻͪͯͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͫͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪͽͳ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼ
ͽͻͪͽ͹ͻͳͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͼ͵ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;Β; ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ͲͪͻͰͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ
2. ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪ͸ͪͽ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͼͰ;͹ͬ͹Β͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪ
ͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͰͽͳͷͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪ͹ͬͶͪͯͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͷͺͻͪ
ͬͳͶͳͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ
3. ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵;͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͼͪͷ͹ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͬͰΕͳ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͯͪ ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳ͵ͪͯͪͫͳ ͹ͬͰ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳͽͳ ͻͰͼͺ͹͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͬͶͪͯͪ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͳͷͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͲ͸ͪΔͳͷͪ
4. ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͼͰ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͲ͸ͪΔ;ͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪͬͰΕͳ
͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͳͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͭ;
ͫͳͽͳ͸͹ͬ͹;ͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯΓͳͬͰ
́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ ͸͹ͬͪ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͪ Ͳͪ ͵͹Β; ͼͰ ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯͰ ͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͪ ; ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ
;ͼͺͰ΀ͯ;ͭ;ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͲͪͶͪͭͪΔ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͆ͳͷͪͶ͹͸ͰͳͲ͸Ͱ͸ͪΌ;ΒͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͱͪͶͰ
ͯͪͼ;ͻͪͼͽͻͲͪ͸ͳ͇͸ͳͼ; ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͪͼͬ͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ ͪͶͳͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͪ
ͼͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯΔͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͯͪͶͰ͵͹͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ
͇ͯΔͳ΀ͼͰͺͻͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͯͪͻͰͪͶͳͲ;Β;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;;͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͹ͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͳͷͳͶ͹΃Ͱ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͳͷ
Ͳͭͻͪͯͪͷͪ ͯͪͽͻͺͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪͳ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸Ͱͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵Ͱ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪͯͪͺ͹͵ͪͱͰͯͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ͸ͳͯ͹
͵ͪ͵ͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
̽͹͵͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽ;ͬͰͲͳ ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͰ͵ͬͪͶͳ-
ͽͰͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪͲͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͼͽͻ;΂͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳ΂-
͸ͳ΀͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͽͰ͵Ͳͪ͵͹ͻͪ΂;Β;;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΂͵;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒ;́ͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͳ
ͯͪͼͰͽͪͶͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͯͳͺͶ͹ͷ΁ͳ͸ͰΕͰ͸ͳ ͫͪͬͳͽͳ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒ͹ͷͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͰΕͼͽͰ-
͵Ͷͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͼ; ͽͻͪͱͰ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯ͹͵ ͽͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͷͪͱͰͺͻͳͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͽ͵͹͵ͪͯΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ
ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͻͪͯͰͯ͹ͫͻͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͳ΃ͽͪͼͰ͹ͯΔͳ΀͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͼͬͻ΀ͪͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰ
΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε-
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͲ͸ͪΔͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ
ͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹
ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͺ͹Βͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͶ͹ ;Ͱͻͳ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;͵͹͸
Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃; ;ͬͰ͵ ͳ ; ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ
͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͻͪͼͽ;ΕͳΒͰͽͻͰ͸ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯ ͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͳ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͪ;
ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͹ͯͼͺ͹Γͪ΃Δͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂ͪ

͋ͪ͵͹͎ͪͻͳͼ )BSSJT
͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ
t<>ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼ͸ͳͱͪͬͪΔͰͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͯͰͼ-
ͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ; ͲͯͻͪͬΓͪ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪΔͰ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰ͸͹ ͼͪ ͪ͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ ͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ
̹ͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳ ͹ͺͳͼ;Β; ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ; ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲ;Β; ͳ
ͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͰ;ͪͭͰ͸ͽͰͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸ͭͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͭ;ͫͰͷ͹Εͯͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͼͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪi (ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ. 108).
̺͹ͯͰͼͰͯͰͫͪͽͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳ͹ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ 3PCFSUTPO

t͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪͳͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͪͳ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͬͪͱͪ͸Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹-
ͼͽͳͳͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͰ̓͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;Εͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ
͵͹Βͳ ͽ͹͸ͳͼ;͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͫͳͶͳ ;ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸;͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒ; ͼͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪi (ͳͼͽ͹,
ͼͽͻ–3).
͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ͹͵͹ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͰͿͳ-
͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀
͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͪͽͪͦ͹͸ͼ͹͸ͳ͉ͰΒͯ
+PIOTPO3FJE
ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;Β;ͯͪͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͬͪΒ Ϳͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ;ΒͰ
t<>ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͼͽ;ͷͰͻͰΔ;ͳ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺͻ͹΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͳ͹ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰΔͪ ͹ͻͭͪ-
͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ̓ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͳͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͽͰ΀͸ͳ-
΂͵͹-ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ͇ͪ͸͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰ͸͹ͻͷͰ Ͳͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸;ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͹ͺͻͪͬ-
ͯͪΔͰͲͪͰ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸ͳΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ;ͺ͹ͼͪ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰ ͼͬͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͪ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͳ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͼͰͺͻͰ΁ͰΔ;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͪ;ͯ͹ͷͳ
͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ;i (ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ ;͵͹ͷͰΒͰͼͬͰͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸͹ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔ; ͸;ͯͳͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹͵ͬͳͻ ͵͹ͷ-
ͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͽ;ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳ͹;ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
t͆ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ ͽͪ΂ͪ͸ ͼͽͪͫͳͶͪ͸ͯͪ
ͫͳ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳ͹ͳͼͽͳ͸;͹ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ;΂ͰΔͪͳͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪi )BSHSFBWFT ͼͽͻ

̹ͰͲͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͫͻͪΔͳͬͪ ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹ͭ;΂ͰΔͪͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰ-
ͽ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ΒͰͼͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͆Ͱ͵Ͱ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͼ;ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͰͺͪͱΔͰ ͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͪ͵;ͽ͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͬͻͰͷͰ
̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ͹ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹Β͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͳ;΂ͰΔ;͵ͪͺͼ;Ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪͼ;; ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͪͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ͵͹Βͳ
ͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪΒ;ͯͪ;ͽͬͻͯͳͷ͹͸ͪΒΒͪ΂Ͱͳ͸ͪΒͼͶͪͫͳΒͰͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͰ͹͹ͬͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ
1. ͈ͻͬͳ ͼ;ͭͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͳ;΂ͰΔ;͌͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͳͼͽͳ΂;ͺ͹ͲͳͬͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹-
͸ͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͼͪ,Ͳͪͳ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͪΒͰ͹͸͵͹Ͷͪͫ͹ͻͪͽͳͬͪ͸,ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪͽͳͬͪ͸ͳ͹ͼͬͰ΃ΕͰ͸
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ).
2. ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ t͸Ͱ͵ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͼ;͹͸ͪ͵ͬͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͫͳͼͷ͹ͱͰͶͰͶͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;i
̀ͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔ;ͯͪͼ;t͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳͼͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ
316
ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͷi ͇ͬͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰ
͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳͼ;ͺ;ͽͲͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ.
3. ͅ͸͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ ͬͪ͸͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ ͹ͬ͹ ΒͰ;ͬͰͲͳͼ
Ͱ͸ͽͻ͹ͺͳΒ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ
͇ͬͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͻͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳ
ͻͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪΔͰͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ͵͹tͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͲ͸ͪΔͪi͇ͬ͹ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͪ
ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ
4. ̓Γ;΂͸͹ t;΂ͳͷ͹;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͹͸͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͳͷͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹͸ͰΕͰͽͻͰͫͪͽͳ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳi͆ͪͭͶͪͼͪ͵
ΒͰ ͹ͬͯͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͪͲͳͲͪͲ͸ͪΔͰͷ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ΒͰ ͼͪ ͵͹͸Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͼͪ
ͳ͸͹ͬͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͹ͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ
t̹;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽΒͰͬͰΕͼͪ͸ͪͷͪ– ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;i -VLF.BZFS ͼͽͻ

ͳͪ͵͹ͷ͸͹ͭͳͼͳͼ-
ͽͰͷͳͳͷͰͻͳͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ͹ͯͫͳΒͪΒ;ͯͪΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰ͆͹ͬͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰΔͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͬ͹ͯͰͻͪ΂;͸ͪ͹
x ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͼͽͳ΂;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳͫͻͲ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͳ͵͹ͷ-
ͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳΒͳ΀;ͯͻ;ͱͳͬͪΔͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ
x ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͬͪ͸ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ,
΃͵͹ͶͰͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ
x ͹ͺ΃ͽͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳ΀ͳͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ Β͹΃͹ͯ͊ͺ;ͽΔͳ͵ͪ

x ͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ tͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳi
͵͹Βͪͬ͹ͯͳͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ ͷͪͻ͵ͰͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ͹ͫͻͪ
Ͳ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪi -VLF ͼͽͻ

̽ͪΒͼ͹͸ %ZTPO

͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰͯͪΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸ͰͶͪͭ͹ͯͪ;ͬͰͲͳͼͫͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ͷͶ͹ͭͳ͵͹ͷ
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ–͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ–ͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͪ–ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ– ͹ͫ;͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ-
ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͆Ͱ͵ͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͫͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͻͰ͵͹͸Ϳͳͭ;ͻͳͼͪͽͳͺͻͳͷͰ-
͸͹ͷtͺͻͳͲͷͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪi 4FHBMM ͼͽͻ
͈ͪͻͪ-
ͯͳͭͷͪͽͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ΒͰͼͽͰ̿ͳͻ; (JSPVY
͵͹ΒͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͹ͯͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳͼͪΔͪ(ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳͲͳͻͪΔͪ
΂ͳͷͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ;΂ͰΔͪͳͺ͹;-
΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ
͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ tͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ; ͺͳͽͪΔͪi (Green,
2001).
̸̸͇͌̾͊͋̀̓͌͐̓͡ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ ͷ͹Ε͸ͪ͌ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳ͵͹ΒͰ ͹͸ͪͳͷͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ΒͰͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪ΃ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;ΒͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͼͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͷͪΔͰ
͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͪ͸Ͱͭͯ͹ͽͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵͹ͷ͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
317
ͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;Β;ͯͪΓͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ-
ͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͪ ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͆ͪͯͪͷ͹ ͼͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͬ͹ ͼͪͷ͹ ͷͪͶͳ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ
ͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͯͰͫͪͽͳ͹ͫ͹ΓͰͷͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔ;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͰͻͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳΔͰ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͳ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
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SUMMARY
Recent theoretical conceptualization and philosophical approaches to education, training and retraining
of teachers emphasize the importance of an authentic understanding of the nature of the process of teaching
and learning, as well as of their autonomous construction and reconstruction (phenomenological and cons-
tructivist paradigm). In the light of this holistic approach, the author, in this paper, raises an issue on the
relationship between allocated and gained identifications of teachers (the identity for others and identity for
themselves).
In this paper, the identities of teacher and their roles are considered as a specific form of auto-
categorization, and of understanding the reality through interpretation of personal experiences and emotio-
nal intereaction with the world that surrounds them. In this context, the most important tasks and roles of
UFBDIFSTDPVMECFTFMG-VOEFSTUBOEJOHJOUIFEFGJOFETDIPPMFOWJSPONFOUEFWFMPQJOHTLJMMT TUSBUFHJFTBOE
BQQMJDBCMFNFUIPETUIFFYQBOTJPOPGDVSSFOUQSPHSBNNFTUIFJOUFHSBUJPOPGUIFPSZBOEQSBDUJDFQSPBDUJWF
SFTQPOTFUPTPDJBMEFNBOETBOEQSPCMFNTUIFDSFBUJPOPGQSPEVDUJWFBUNPTQIFSFGPSUFBDIJOHBOEMFBSOJOH
DPMMBCPSBUJWFBOEDPPQFSBUJWFCFIBWJPVSUIFBDRVJTJUJPOPGIBCJUTBOETLJMMTGPSMJGFMPOHMFBSOJOH
Two mutually PQQPTJOHQFSTQFDUJWFTBSFEFTDSJCFEFDPOPNJDJNQFSBUJWF UIFGPDVTJTPOEFWFMPping
very specific types of useful and specialized knowledge, skills and values in business), and the critical resis-
tance (the critique of globalization which is seen as a result of political and business decisions to help multina-
tional corporations to secure the maximum available gain, wherein the educational system is only the sub-
sector of economy).
In this paper, the identity of teachers is associated with the process of homogenization, acculturation,
BDDPNNPEBUJPOBOEBTTJNJMBUJPO5IFJNQBDUPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPOPOUFBDIFSUSBJOJOHBOEUFBDIJOHJTEFTDSJCFE
UIFQSPCMFNTBOEJTTVFTUIBUBSJTFGSPNUIJTSFBMJUZ HMPCBM MPDBMBOEiHMPDBMu
BSFDPODFQUVBMJzed.
,&:803%4 teacher’s identity, globalization, the role of teachers, holistic approach.
321

̸̸̺̺͉͇̺͇͇̺́͋̈́́͂̈́̽́́́͐̀͋ͅ1
̸̸̸̸͉̺͇̺͇̈́̾̓͊͆̽́͆́͐̈́̾̓͊̾̾͆̓
̸̸̸̸͉̺͉͇̺́́͆̈́̽́́͆͆ͅ͏̸͍͉͇̺́̾
̓;ͻͼ͵ͪΊͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΊͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹͳͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͺͪͶ·͸͹ʹͼͶ;ͱͫΆ ͉͹ͼͼͳΊ
̸͇͇̹͇͊̾͆͆͊͋́̾̿͆ͅ͏̸͇͕͔͎́͆̈́͆
͈͉͇͏͇̺̺͇͇͖͇͉̻͇̾͊͊͆͋͆́͐̾͊̓̾́͆̾ͅͅ
͆ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸͹ͬͷͳͻͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͽͼΊͬͼͰͫ͹ͶͰͰͻͪͲ͸͹ͻ͹ͯ͸Άͷͺ͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ;ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬ;
͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ; ͱͳͲ͸ͳ ͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͸Ͱ ΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊ ͳͼ͵ͶΉ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ̓ ͼ͹ͱͪͶͰ͸ͳΉ Έͽ͹ͽ
Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͰͻ͸Άʹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͸ͰͻͰͯ͵͹ͬͰͯ΋ͽ͵;ͼͳͶͰ͸ͳΉͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͸ͪͺͻΊͱ΋͸͸͹ͼͽͳ͊͹ͼͽ͹Ί͸ͳͰ
ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳͽ ͹ͽ Έͬ͹ͶΉ΁ͳͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸Ά΀
ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͳ Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͺ ͺ͹ͯ΂ͪͼ ͬͰͼ·ͷͪ ͫΆͼͽͻ͹ʹ ͬ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳΊ΀ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͼͪ ͼͳͼͽͰͷΆ
ͷͪͼͼ͹ͬ͹ʹ ͳ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸͹ʹ ͵͹ͷͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳʹ ̺ Έͽ͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽ ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ
ͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹͬͷ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂͸Ά΀ͳͷ͹͸͹͵͹͸ͿͰͼͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ΀ ͵
͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͷͼͶͰͯ;Ͱͽ͹ͽ͸Ͱͼͽͳ̓;ͻͼ͵;Ή͹ͫͶͪͼͽ·͉ͬ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ͆Ͱͼͷ͹ͽͻΊ͸ͪͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹Ͱͼ
͌͵ͻͪͳ͸͹ʹ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͰ ͳ ;ͼͳͶͳͬ΃ͳͰͼΊ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰ ͺ͹ͽ͹͵ͳ ͳͲ ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ά ͅ͹Ͷͯ͹ͬΆ ̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳͳ ͳ
͌ͲͫͰ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͬͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱ;ͯͰͶ·͸ΆʹͬͰͼͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͰʹͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͰʹͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͪͰͽ͹ͽ
͹ͫ΄Ͱʹ΂ͳͼͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͪ– Έͽ͹ͻ;ͼͼ͵͹Ͱ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͋ͪ͵͹ʹͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͯͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹
͸ͪ ͯ͹ͶͱͰ͸ ͫΆͽ· ;΂ͽ΋͸ ͵ͪ͵ ͹ͯͳ͸ ͳͲ ͭͶͪͬ͸Ά΀ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͬ ͹ͽ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳͽ Ͱͭ͹ ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹-
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊͳͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹-Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊͼͽͪͫͳͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·
͏Ͱ͸ͽͻ͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ̸͵ͪͯͰͷͳͳ ͭ͹ͼͼͶ;ͱͫΆ ͬ ΁ͰͶΊ΀ ͬΆΊͬͶͰ͸ͳΊ ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͬͲͪͳͷ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͬͭ͹ͯ; ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͰͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹
ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ΆͰ Ͳͪͯͪ΂ͳ ͯͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ – Έͽ͹ ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͼ͹ͼͽ͹Ί͸ͳΊ ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀
͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹͬͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͰͬΆΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ͵ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷͬΆΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ
ͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸Ά΀ͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸ ͬͶͳΊΉ΄ͳ΀͸ͪͬ͹Ͳ͸ͳ͵͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳͰͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹ΊͬͶͰ͸ͳʹ
͈͹Ͷ;΂Ͱ͸͸ΆͰͯͪ͸͸ΆͰ ͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶΊΉͽͼͯͰͶͪͽ· ͬΆͬ͹ͯ ΂ͽ͹ͳͷͰΉ΄ͰͰͼΊͬͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͰͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹Ͱ
ͼ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͰΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ͸Ͱ ͼͽ͹Ͷ· ͼͽͪͫͳͶ·͸ΆͷͳͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳͳͷ͹ͱͰͽͺͻͳͬͰͼͽͳ͵
͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪ͸ͳΉͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͸ͪͺͻΊͱ΋͸͸͹ͼͽͳ́ͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͿͳ͵ͼͳͻ;Ͱͽ ΂ͽ͹ͬͷͪͼͼ͹ͬ͹ͷͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͳͺͻͳ
ͼ;ͽͼͽͬ;Ͱͽ͹ͫͻͪͲͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪ͵ͪ͵ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶΊ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͭͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹ͼͽ·ͳͯͽͳ
͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͼ͸ͳͷͯͶΊ͹ͽͼͽͪͳͬͪ͸ͳΊͼͬ͹ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬ ΂ͽ͹ͺͻͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶ΋͸͸Ά΀͹ͫͼͽ͹ΊͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͪ΀ͷ͹ͱͰͽ
ͳͲͷͰ͸ͳͽ·ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸;Ήͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΉͬ΀;ͯ΃;Ήͼͽ͹ͻ͹͸;
̺͔̓̈́͗͐̾̾ ̸͇̺͊̈́ ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͷ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΊ
ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬͪΊͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΊ
1
om_zotova@mail.ru
322
͇͇̺̀͋, ̸͇̈́̾̓͊̾̾͆̓, ̸͆͏̸͍͉͇̺͇́̾ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ...
̺ͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͬͼͰͭ͹99ͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͫͶΉͯͪͰͽͼΊͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͼͳͬ͸͹Ͱͻͪͼ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͳͰͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͺ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͬ ͪ
ͬ ͸ͪ΂ͪͶͰ 99* ͬͰ͵ͪ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ ͼͽͪͶ ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͳͷ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͬͼͰ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸Ά΀
ͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͳʹ͊͹ͫͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͼͪͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͬͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ʹͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͼͳͿͳ΁ͳͻ͹ͬͪͶͪΈͽ͹ͽ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ
͆ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸͹ͬͷͳͻͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͽͼΊͬͼͰͫ͹ͶͰͰͻͪͲ͸͹ͻ͹ͯ͸Άͷͺ͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ;ͼ͹-
ͼͽͪͬ; ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͰͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ;ͱͳͲ͸ͳ͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά͉͹ͼͼͳͳ͸ͰΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊͳͼ͵ͶΉ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰ
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆ ͳͭͻͪΉͽ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͷ;Ή ͻ͹Ͷ· ͬ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹-Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ ͳ ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳ
͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ̀ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳͰͯͬͪͯͰͼΊͽͳͶͰͽͳΊͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άʹͺͻͳͻ͹ͼͽͬͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ʹ
ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͺͰ͸ͼͳͻ͹ͬͪͶͫ͹ͶͰͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ΆͰͼͽͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹ;ͫΆͶͳ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ
͖ͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͻ͹ͯ͸Άͷͳ ͺͻͳ͸Ίͽ͹ ͼ΂ͳͽͪͽ· ͽͰ ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͭͯͰ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰͷͰ͸·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͶΊΉͽͷͰ͸ͰͰ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͪͯ͹ͶΊ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹Έͽ͸͹ͼͪͺͻͰͬΆ΃ͪͰͽ
͹ͽ͹ͫ΄Ͱʹ΂ͳͼͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ͈͹ͷͪͽͰͻͳͪͶͪͷ̺ͼͰͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹͺͰͻͰͺͳͼͳ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ
ͭ͹ͯͪ ͬ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ;ͯͰͶ·͸Άʹ ͬͰͼ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͬͪΉ΄ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͰʹ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͰʹ ͫͰͲ ;΂΋ͽͪ ͻ;ͼͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͳ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͪͰͽ ͹ͽ
͹ͫ΄Ͱʹ΂ͳͼͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͳΈͽ͹͸Ͱͼͷ͹ͽͻΊ͸ͪͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹Ͱͼ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸͹ʹͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ
͸ͳͰ ͳ ;ͼͳͶͳͬ΃ͳͰͼΊ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰ ͺ͹ͽ͹͵ͳ ͳͲ ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ά ͅ͹Ͷͯ͹ͬΆ ̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳͳ ͳ ͌ͲͫͰ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ʹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άʹ ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶΊͰͽ ͹ͽ͸Ͱͼͽͳ Ͱ΋ ͵ ͷ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂͸Άͷ
ͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ΆͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͷ
ͪͅͼ΃ͽͪͫΆͬ͸Ͱ΃͸Ͱʹͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͬ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͽͪ͵͹ͬΆ ΂ͽ͹ͼͳͶ·͸͹͸ͰͷͰ͸ΊΉͽ͹ͫ΄ͰʹΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ
͵ͪͻͽͳ͸ΆͬͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͳͱͳͲ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͺ͹͵͹ͶͰ͸ͳΊ͆͹ͬͽ͹ͱͰͬͻͰͷΊͼͶͰͯ;Ͱͽ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͽ· ΂ͽ͹ͬͼͻͪͬ͸Ͱ
͸ͳͳͼͭ͹ͯ͹ͷ ΂ͳͼͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ·ͻ;ͼͼ͵͹ͭ͹͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͼ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͶͪͼ·͵ͪ͵ͬ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͷͳͲͷͰͻͰ
͸ͳͳ ͼ ͯ͹ 036 ΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵
ͽͪ͵ͳͬ;ͯͰͶ·͸͹ͷͬͰͼͰ ͼ ͯ͹ ͹ͽ;͵ͪͲͪͬ΃ͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽ· ͳͶͳ ͯ͹ ͹ͽ ͬͼͰ΀ ͱͳͽͰͶͰʹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ
͆ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͽͼΊ ͬͼͰ ͫ͹ͶͰͰ ͻͪͲ͸͹ͻ͹ͯ͸Άͷ ͺ͹ Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ; ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬ; ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ; ͱͳͲ͸ͳ ͖ͽ͹
ͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ΀͹ͲΊʹͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͬͼͰʹ ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹ ͱͳͲ͸ͳ ͻ͹ͼͽͪ
ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ά΀ ͳ ͬ͸;ͽͻͳͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸Ά΀ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳʹ ;ͬͰͶͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳΊ ΂ͳͼͶͪ ͼͷͰ΃ͪ͸͸Ά΀ ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬ
͆͹ ͵ ͼ͹ͱͪͶͰ͸ͳΉ Έͽ͹ͽ Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͰͻ͸Άʹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ ͸ͰͻͰͯ͵͹ ͬͰͯ΋ͽ ͵ ;ͼͳͶͰ͸ͳΉ ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ
͸ͪͺͻΊͱ΋͸͸͹ͼͽͳ ̺ Έͽ͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽ ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ
ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ͬ ͷ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂͸Ά΀ ͳ ͷ͹͸͹͵͹͸ͿͰͼͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ΀ ͵
͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͷͼͶͰͯ;Ͱͽ͹ͽ͸Ͱͼͽͳ̓;ͻͼ͵;Ή͹ͫͶͪͼͽ·͉ͬ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ ͯͶΊ͹ͫͰͼͺͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳΊ͹ͯ͸͹ʹͳͲ
ͫͪͲ͹ͬΆ΀΁ͰͶͰʹͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ– ͹ͫͰͼͺͰ΂Ͱ
͸ͳͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͫͰͲ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ ͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ·͸ͪΊ Ͳͪ΄ͳ΄΋͸͸͹ͼͽ·
͵͹ͷͿ͹ͻͽ͸͹ͼͽ·ͳͫͶͪͭ͹ͺ͹Ͷ;΂ͳͰ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ.
ͅ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂͸Άʹͼ͹ͼͽͪͬ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͯ͹ͶͱͰ͸ͫΆͽ·;΂ͽ΋͸͵ͪ͵͹ͯͳ͸ͳͲͭͶͪͬ͸Ά΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹
ͻ͹ͬ ͹ͽ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀Ͳͪͬͳͼͳͽ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊͳͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹-Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊͼͽͪͫͳͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·
͸ͪ ͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹-;͵ͻͪͳ͸ͼ͵͹ʹ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ̸ Έͽ͹ ͽͻͰͫ;Ͱͽ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͬͰ΃Ͱ͸͸͹ʹ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ̺ͽ͹ͱͰͬͻͰͷΊ ͺ͹ͯͪ͸͸Άͷ̓;ͻͼ͵ͼͽͪͽͪͬͭ͹ͯ;͸ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΉ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͺͻͳͫΆͶ͹
΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ ΂ͽ͹ ͸ͪ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃Ͱ ΂Ͱͷ ͬ ͭ͹ͯ; ͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άʹ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͼͽ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ
323
̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ͭ͹ͯ ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶ ΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ ͖ͽ͹ ͬ ͯͬͪ ͻͪͲͪ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃Ͱ ΂Ͱͷ Ͳͪ
ͼ͹͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬ;Ή΄ͳʹ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͺͻͰͯΆͯ;΄Ͱͭ͹ ͭ͹ͯͪ ̹͹ͶͰͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͺͻͳͫΆͶͳ ͳͲ ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ά
ͅ͹Ͷͯ͹ͬΆ ̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳͳ ͳ ͌ͲͫͰ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ̺ ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ͷ ͬΆͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͳ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άʹ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ
ͼ΂΋ͽ͹ͫͷͰ͸ͪͼ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ̻͊͆ͬΊ͸ͬͪͻͰ–ͯͰ͵ͪͫͻͰͭ͹ͯͪͬ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶx ΂ͽ͹
ͽ͹ͱͰͬΆ΃ͰͼͻͰͯ͸Ͱͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀͆ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ΀͹ͽΊͬ΁ͰͶ͹ͷͳ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͶͱͪͶ͹
;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳͬͪͽ·ͼΊͳͲͪͼ΂΋ͽͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹͹ͫͷͰ͸ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ ͸Ͱͬ΀͹ͯΊ΄ͳͷͳ ̻ͬ͊͆

xͲͪΊ͸ͬͪͻ·–ͯͰ͵ͪͫͻ·ͭ͹ͯͪ
͒Ͱͻͫͪ͵͹ͬͪ

͈ͻͳ΂΋ͷͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ͰͼͪͶ·ͯ͹ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͬͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͫͰͼͺͰ΂ͳͬͪͶ͹ͼ·Ͳͪͼ΂΋ͽͺͻͳͻ͹
ͼͽͪͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͼ͵͹ͭ͹͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͳ͸ͪ– ͼͰͶ·ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͺͻͳΈͽ͹ͷͲͪͭ͹ͯ΂ͳͼͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ·ͼͰͶ·ͼ͵͹ͭ͹
͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ Ͳͪ ͼ΂΋ͽ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͼͽͪ ;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳͶͪͼ· ͸ͪ ͽΆͼ ΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ ͆ͪͳͫ͹ͶͰͰ
ͺͻͳͬͶͰ͵ͪͽͰͶ·͸Άͷͳ ͯͶΊ ͺͻͳͫΆͬͪΉ΄ͳ΀ ͬ ̓;ͻͼ͵;Ή ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ· ΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊ ͻͪʹ͹͸Ά ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰ
ΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊͼ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶ·͸ΆͷͳͼͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͰʹ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ά ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰͻͪʹ͹͸Ά ͽΊͭ͹ͽͰΉ΄ͳͰ͵͹ͫͶͪͼͽ͸͹ͷ;
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ; ͳͶͳ ͵ͻ;ͺ͸Άͷ ͺͻ͹ͷΆ΃ͶͰ͸͸Άͷ ͷ͹͸͹ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͪͷ ̺ Έͽͳ΀ ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͺͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ΀
ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άʹ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͼͽ ͼͰͶ·ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͽΊͱͰ͸ͳͳ ͯͬ;΀ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͶͰͽ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͽͰͶ·͸Άͷ̀ͪͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͼΊ͸ͬͪͻΊͺ͹ͪͺͻͰͶ·ͭ͹ͯͪͬ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ·ͺͻͳͫΆͶ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ ͳͲ
͸ͳ΀͹ͽ͸͹ͼΊͽͼΊ͵ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Άͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷ͋ͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͷ ͸ͪͼͰͭ͹ͯ͸Ί΃͸ͳʹͯͰ͸·ͷ͹ͱ
͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽ·͹ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳͳ;ͼͳͶͰ͸ͳΊͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͺ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͬ ͬͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱ ͺͻͳ΂΋ͷͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͪΊ΂ͪͼͽ·
ͺͻͳͫΆͬͪΉ΄ͳ΀ ͬ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ· ͶΉͯͰʹ ΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶΊͷͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀ Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͺ ͳ
Ͳͪ΂ͪͼͽ;ΉΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊ͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶΊͷͳͳ͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂͸͹ʹ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ
̺;ͼͶ͹ͬͳΊ΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪͬ͸Ͱ΃͸ΊΊͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΊͺͻͳ͹ͫͻͰͽͪͰͽ ͹ͼ͹ͫ͹Ͱ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͳͽͻͰͫ;ͰͽͺͻͳͼͽͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳΊ͹ͻͭͪ͸͹ͬͬͶͪͼͽͳ̺ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹Ͱͬ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳͰ
;ͯͰͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͷ ͼͬΊͲͪ͸͸Άͷ ͼ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳͰʹ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͵ ͸͹ͬ͹ͷ; ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͷ;
͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ; Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ; ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰ͸ͳΉ ͅ;͵͹ͷͰͶ· ͈͹΀ͶͰͫͪͰͬͪ

͈ͻͳͬͶͰ͵ͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽ· Ͷͳͫ͹ ͹ͽͽͪͶ͵ͳͬͪΉ΄ͳʹ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶ ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳʹ ͬΆͫΆͽͳΊ ͳ ͺͻͳͫΆͽͳΊ ͬ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ʹͷͰͻͰͲͪͬͳͼΊͽ͹ͽͷͰͱͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ͸Ά΀ͬͲͪͳͷ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ͸ͪͶͳ΂ͳΊͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͷͳͭͻͪ͸
ͽ͹ͬ-ͲͰͷͶΊ͵͹ͬ ͻ͹ͯͼͽͬͰ͸͸Ά΀ ͳ ͯͻ;ͱͰͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͬΊͲͰʹ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳʹ ͹ͽͻͪͱͪΉ΄ͳ΀
ͺͻͰͱ͸ͳʹͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άʹ͹ͺΆͽΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͭͻ;ͺͺΆͳͽͺ̺͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ·͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪ͸ͳΊͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ
͸ͪͺͻΊͱ΋͸͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ ͳͷͰΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͼΊ ͬ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱ ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹ͭͶͪͼͳΊ ͺ͹ͼͶ;
ͱͳͶͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͷ ͯͶΊ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊ ͬ ͭ͹ͯ; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͪ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ̽ͪ͸͸͹Ͱ ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͼͽͪͶ͹ ΂ͪͼͽ·Ή ͷ͸͹ͭ͹;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ͱͬ͹ͭ͹ ͷ͹͸ͳͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͭͪ ͼͿͰͻΆ
ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ͬ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱ ̸͸΁ͳͿͰͻ͹ͬͪ ̸͸΁ͳͿͰͻ͹ͬͪ ͳ
̀͹ͽ͹ͬ ̾ͿͻͰͷ͹ͬ ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͰͰ͸͵͹ͳ͊ͪͶ͹ͬͪ ̀͹ͽ͹ͬͳ̹ͰͻͰͲ;΁͵ͪΊ
ͪͰͭ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽΆ–
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͹ʹͯͶΊͻͰ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͯͪ΁ͳʹͺ͹ͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͳʹ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ ̻ͪʹͯ;͵͹ͬͪͳ
̻͹ͯ;͸͹ͬͪ ̀͹ͽ͹ͬͳ̹ͰͻͰͲ;΁͵ͪΊ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͪͳ̸͸΁ͳͿͰͻ͹ͬͪ

͇͔̾͋̽ͅ
͏Ͱ͸ͽͻ͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ̸̻͇͌ ̺͇ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ j̓;ͻͼ͵ͪΊ ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΊ
ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹͳͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͺͪͶ·͸͹ʹͼͶ;ͱͫΆv ͏̸͉͉͵ͪͯͰͷͳͳͭ͹ͼͼͶ;ͱͫΆ
ͬ΁ͰͶΊ΀ͬΆΊͬͶͰ͸ͳΊ
324
΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͬͲͪͳͷ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹͼ͸͹ΊͫͻΊͺ͹ͯͰ͵ͪͫͻΊͭ͹ͯͪͫΆͶ͹ͺͻ͹
ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ̸͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳ΂͸Άʹ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͼΊͬͳͬͭ͹ͯ;
΂ͽ͹ ͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶΊͰͽ ͸ͪͷ ͬΆΊͬͳͽ· ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵; ͳͲ;΂ͪΉ΄ͳ΀ ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼ͹ͬ ͊͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͳ ͏͉͉ ̸͵ͪͯͰͷͳͳ
ͭ͹ͼͼͶ;ͱͫΆ ͬ ͭ͹ͯ; ͫΆͶ͹ ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͹ ΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ ͳͲ ͸ͳ΀ ΂ͰͶ͹ͬͰ͵ ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͼ͵͹ͭ͹
͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͳ– ͼͰͶ·ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͬͭ͹ͯ;– ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͪͬͭ͹ͯ;– ́ͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳͰͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͼ· ͵ͪ͵ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͬ·Ήͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͽͪ͵ͳͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͷͪ͸͵Ͱͽͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͺ͹
ͷͰͼͽ; ͻͪͫ͹ͽΆ ͳ ͷͰͼͽ; ͱͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͪ ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ ̓͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ· ͵ͪ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊͶͼΊ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ-
ͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Ί͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ ͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽ͹ͬ ͪ͸͵Ͱͽ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻΊͶͪͼ· ͺ͹Ͷ͸͹ͽͪ ͳ ͺͻͪͬͳͶ·͸͹ͼͽ· ͳ΀
Ͳͪͺ͹Ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͈ͻͳ͸Ίͬ΃ͳͰ ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰ ͬ ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͪ΀ ͱͳͽͰͶͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͹ͽͬͰͽͳͶͳ ͸ͪ ͻΊͯ ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼ͹ͬ
Ͳͪ͵ͶΉ΂΋͸͸Ά΀ͬͼͷΆͼͶ͹ͬΆͰͫͶ͹͵ͳ͹΁Ͱ͸͵ͪͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ͸ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ͹ͫͶͪ-
ͼͽͳ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͱͳͽͰͶͰʹ ͵ ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆͷ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷ ͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸Ά ͳ ͺ;ͽͳ ͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ
ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ
̸͉͕͔͎͇̹̾̀͌̈́͋͋́́͊͌̿̽̾͆́̾
͇΁Ͱ͸͵ͪͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ͸ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ
̺ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳͰ ͭ͹ͯΆ ͉͹ͼͼͳΊ ͼͽ͹Ͷ͵͸;Ͷͪͼ· ͼ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͷ ͵ͻͳͲͳͼ͹ͷ ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Άͷͳ
ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΊͷͳ ͺ͹ͬΆ΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͬͪͶΉͽ͸͹ͭ͹ ͵;ͻͼͪ ͹ͼͶͪͫͶͰ͸ͳͰͷ ͻ;ͫͶΊ ͺ͹͸ͳͱͰ͸ͳͰͷ ;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ί ͱͳͲ͸ͳ
ͫ͹Ͷ·΃͹ʹ ΂ͪͼͽͳ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͬ ͼͬΊͲͳ ͼ Έͽͳͷ ͬ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͫͶΉͯͪͶͳͼ· ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ͵ͳ ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪ͸ͳΊ
ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͸ͪͺͻΊͱ΋͸͸͹ͼͽͳͬ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ΀͇ͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͼΈͽͳͷ ͬͻͪͲͭͪͻ;͵ͻͪͳ͸ͼ͵͹
ͭ͹͵ͻͳͲͳͼͪͬͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͪͼͼ-ͷͰͯͳͪͺ͹ΊͬͳͶͪͼ·ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΊ͹ͽΆͼΊ΂ͪ΀ͫͰͱͰ͸΁ͰͬͳͲ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ά
͵͹ͽ͹ͻͪΊ ͺͻͪͬͯͪ ͬͷͪͻͽͰͭ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶΊͷͳͼ͹͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬ;Ή΄ͳ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ
͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͫΆͶͪ ͹ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͭ͸;ͽͪ ͆͹ ͬΆ΃Ͱ͸ͪͲͬͪ͸͸ΆͰ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻΆ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳͶͳ ͹ͺͪͼͰ͸ͳͰ ͹ ͻ͹ͼͽͰ
͸ͪͺͻΊͱ΋͸͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬ ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ΀ ͈͹Έͽ͹ͷ; ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͳͲ ͭͶͪͬ͸Ά΀ ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼ͹ͬ
ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͬ ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͳ ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͬͲͪͳͷ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ
ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͺͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳʹ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͫΆͶ͹ ͬΆΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͵;ͻΊ͸ ͵ ͶΉͯΊͷ
ͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ2.
͉ͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽΆ ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ(ͻͳͼ 1) ΂ͽ͹ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ͸ͰʹͽͻͪͶ·͸͹ ͪ ͬ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͰʹͼͽͰ
ͺͰ͸ͳ ͯͪͱͰ ͼ ͫͰͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͰͷ ͹ͽ͸͹ͼΊͽͼΊ ͵ ͶΉͯΊͷ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͹ Έͽ͸͹ͼͪ ͐ͰͽͬͰͻͽ· ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸Ά΀

ͲͪΊͬͳͶͳ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͱͰͶͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͷ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͳ͵ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͷ ͰͼͶͳͼͻͪͬ͸ͳͬͪͽ·ͼͺͻͰͯΆͯ;΄ͳͷͳ
ͭ͹ͯͪͷͳ ͽ͹ͬͳͭ͹ͯ;Έͽ͹ͽͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶ·ͫΆͶͻͪͬͰ͸̹͹Ͷ·΃ͪΊ΂ͪͼͽ·͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͺͻͳͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ΊͬͶΊΉͽ͸ͰʹͽͻͪͶ·͸͹Ͱ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ͵ͶΉͯΊͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ
2
͈͹ͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·Ή ͺͻͰͱͯͰͬͼͰͭ͹ ͬͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳͺ͹͸ͳͷͪͰͽͼΊΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊͺͻͳ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽ·
ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ

͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͉ͪͼͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼj̓ͪ͵̺Ά͹ͽ͸͹ͼͳͽͰͼ·͵ͶΉͯΊͷ
ͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ v ͬ %
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt̓ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰ̺ͪ΃͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
ͺͻͰͷͪΓ;ͯͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ i ;
͋ͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͷ ̓;ͻͼ͵;Ή͹ͫͶͪͼͽ·΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͲ;Ͱͽ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ͫͶͪͭ͹ͺͻͳΊͽ͸ͪΊͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΊͬ
ͼͿͰͻͰͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ͬ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͬ΂ͪͼͽͳͺͻ͹ΊͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱ-
ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ͵ͷͰ͸·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͷ ͽ͹Ͱͼͽ·ͺͻͳ͸ͳͷͪΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ͵ͳͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷ
ͅͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άʹ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽͼ͹ͫ͹ʹ͹ͽ͵ͻΆͽΆʹ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͫΆͽ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͳ ͳͶͳ

͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͼ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰͷͶͳ΁ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͰʹ Έͽ͸͹ͼ͹ͬ
͹ͫͶͪͯͪΉ΄ͳʹ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸Άͷͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶ͹ͷͺͻͳͬͶͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳΊͫ͹Ͷ·΃͹ͭ͹͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵͹ͬ ͬ΀͹ͯͰ͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹ͭ͹ͬ
ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΀ ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳʹ ͵ͪ͵ ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ʹ ͳͲ ͼͽ͹ͻ͹͸ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͪͯͪͰͽ ͸ͰͺͻͳΊͲ͸Ͱ͸͸͹Ͱ
͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ͵ͳ͸͹ʹͼͽ͹ͻ͹͸Ͱ ͼͽ͹ͻ͹͸ͪͷ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͬͼͶͰͯͼͽͬͳͰ ͺͻͳ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Άͷ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽΊͷ Έͽ͸͹ͼͪͷ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷ ͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͱͯͰ͸ͳΊ ͆ͪ ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼΆ j͈ͻͳ΀͹ͯͳͶ͹ͼ· Ͷͳ ̺ͪͷ ͬ
ͺ͹ͬͼͰͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ʹ ͱͳͲ͸ͳ ͼͽͪͶ͵ͳͬͪͽ·ͼΊ ͼ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͷͳ ͸ͪ ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ ͺ͹΂ͬͰ v ͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵
ͳ
j̾ͼͶͳ j̽ͪv ͽ͹ ͺͻͳ ͼͽ͹Ͷ͵͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳͳ ͼ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ ͺ͹΂ͬͰ ͵ͪ͵;Ή ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΉ
Ͳͪ͸ͳͷͪͶͳ̺Ά v ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ͹ͽͬͰͽͳͶͳ ΂ͽ͹͸ͳ͵͹ͭͯͪ͸ͰͼͽͪͶ͵ͳͬͪͶͳͼ·ͼͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸Άͷͳ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͷͳ ͬͭ͹ͯ;ͽͪ͵͹ͽͬͰͽͳͶͳ ͪͬͭ͹ͯ;– ͋Ͱ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸ΆͰ ͵ͽ͹ΊͬͳͶͼΊͼͬͳ
ͯͰͽͰͶͰͷͳͶͳ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͼͽ͹Ͷ͵͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳΊ ͳ΀ͯ͹ͶΊͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪ ͬͼΊ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͼ͹ͯͰʹͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͳͷͳͻ͸͹
ͷ; ͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΉ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ
͸Ͱ ͬͷͰ΃ͳͬͪͶͳͼ·
͸͹ ͬ ͽ͹ ͱͰ ͬͻͰͷΊ ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵͹ͬ
ͽͪ͵͹ͭ͹ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱͪͶͳ ͶΉͯͰʹ ͼͬ͹Ͱʹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ ͊ͽ͹ͳͽ ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͽ· ΂ͽ͹ ͼͰͶ·ͼ͵͹Ͱ
͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͬ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃Ͱʹ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳ ͸ͰͱͰͶͳ ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͼ͵͹Ͱ ͼͽͻͰͷͳͽͼΊ ͻͰ΃ͳͽ· ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽΆ ͸ͪ
326
ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͺ͹΂ͬͰͷͳͻ͸Άͷͺ;ͽ΋ͷ͋ͪ͵ͱͰͼͶͰͯ;ͰͽͲͪͿͳ͵ͼͳͻ͹ͬͪͽ·ͽ͹ͽͿͪ͵ͽ ΂ͽ͹ͬͭ͹ͯ;
ͲͪͷͰͽ͸͹ ͼ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͶͪͼ· ͯ͹ͶΊ ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰ ͳͯ;ͽ ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͼ ͶΉͯ·ͷͳ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵2 ͉ͪͼͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼj͈ͻͳ΀͹ͯͳͶ͹ͼ·Ͷͳ̺ͪͷͬͺ͹ͬͼͰͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ʹͱͳͲ͸ͳ
ͼͽͪͶ͵ͳͬͪͽ·ͼΊͼ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͷͳ͸ͪͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͺ͹΂ͬͰ v ͬ %
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt̽ͪͶͳͼͽͰͫͳͶͳ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͯͪͼͰͼ;͹΂ͳͽͰͼͪ
ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ;̺ͪ΃Ͱͷͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ; i, ;%
89% ͱͳͽͰͶͰʹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͺͻͳ͸Ίͬ΃ͳ΀;΂ͪͼͽͳͰͬͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳ ͼ΂ͳͽͪΉͽ͵͹ͷͿ͹ͻͽ͸Άͷͱͳͽ·ͺ͹

ͼ͹ͼͰͯͼͽͬ;ͼͶΉͯ·ͷͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ͹ͽͬͰͽͳͶͳ ΂ͽ͹ͱͳͽ·ͺ͹ͼ͹ͼͰͯ-
ͼͽͬ; ͼ ͶΉͯ·ͷͳ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͹ Έͽ͸͹ͼͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͿ͹ͻͽ͸͹ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Άͷͳ ͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͳ ͯͳͼ͵͹ͷͿ͹ͻͽͪ
ΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊ ͸Ͱ;ͬͪͱͳͽͰͶ·͸͹Ͱ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͵ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΊͷ ͳ ͹ͫΆ΂ͪΊͷ ͻ;ͼͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵ͪ͵ ͵͹ͻͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹
͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ
͹ͼ͵͹ͻͫͳͽͰͶ·͸͹Ͱ ͺ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͰ ͺ͹ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΉ ͵ ͸ͳͷ
ͳ͸͹ʹ ;͵Ͷͪͯ ͱͳͲ͸ͳ
ͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹͸Ίͽ͸ΆʹΊͲΆ͵ͻͰ΂ͳ
͹ͽͼ;ͽͼͽͬͳͰ΂;ͬͼͽͬͪͫͶͪͭ͹ͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͽ͹ ΂ͽ͹ͱͳͬ;ͽ͸ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹
ͻͳͳ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ
(ͻͳͼ 3).
327
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵3 ͉ͪͼͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼj͈͹΂Ͱͷ;̺ͪͷ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͿ͹ͻͽ͸͹ͱͳͽ·ͺ͹ͼ͹ͼͰͯͼͽͬ;ͼ
ͶΉͯ·ͷͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ v ͬ %
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ͬͪͷ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳΒͪͽ͸͹ ͯͪͱͳͬͳͽͰ;
ͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬ; ͼΓ;ͯͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ i ;
̺΀͹ͯͰ ͹΁Ͱ͸͵ͳ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳͳͼͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άͷͳ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͳ͉ͬ͹ͼͼͳͳ ͬ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ

ͳͬͷͰͼͽͰͺͻ͹ͱͳͬͪ͸ͳΊͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽͪ ͫΆͶͪͬΆΊͬͶͰ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ;Ή΄ͪΊͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶͰʹ(ͻͳͼ 4).
̺ ͭ͹ͯ; ͻͰͲ͵͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ ͼͻͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉ ͼ ͭ͹ͯ͹ͷ
ͬΆͻ͹ͼͶ͹ ͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸Ά΀
͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͲ;ΉͽͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ͵ͪ͵͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ΆͰ ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ
ͬ ͽͻͳ ͻͪͲͪ ;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳͶ͹ͼ· ͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ Ͳͪͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳͬ΃ͳ΀ͼΊ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͽ· ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΉ ͬ
ͯͪ͸͸͹ʹͼͿͰͻͰ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸Ά΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ͼͯ͹
͈͹ͬͼͰʹͬͳͯͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͰͼͺ͹͵͹Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽ·
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ʹ΂ͪͼͽͳͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳͰʹͬͼͿͰͻͰͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹͬ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͹ͫ;ͼͶ͹ͬͶͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͱͯͰͬͼͰͭ͹ ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪ͸ͳͰͷͺ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͬͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬ
328
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵4 ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳͳͼͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άͷͳ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͳͬ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱ ͬ %
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͪΔ;;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ; %
͇ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͱͳͽͰͶͰʹ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͵ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷ
ͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΊ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͳͷͰͰͽΊͻ͵͹ͬΆͻͪͱͰ͸͸ΆʹΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͹ͫ;ͼͶ͹ͬͶͰ͸͸Άʹͬ
ͺͰͻͬ;Ή ͹΂ͰͻͰͯ· ͺ͹ͳͼ͵ͪͷͳ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ ͷͰͼͽͪ ͺͻͳͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͽͻ;ͯͪ ́͹͸΁Ͱͬ ͼ
ͺͻͳ Έͽ͹ͷ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰ ͺ͹ͽ͹͵ͳ ͪ͵͵;ͷ;Ͷͳͻ;Ͱͽ ͬ ͼͰͫͰ ͵ͪ͵ ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹ ͸ͪͳͫ͹ͶͰͰ ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹Ͱ
͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͺ͹ͺͪͯͪΉ΄ͰͰ ͬ ͵͹͸Ͱ΂͸͹ͷ ͳͽ͹ͭͰ ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͻΆ͸͵ͳ ͻͪͫ͹΂Ͱʹ ͼͳͶΆ ̸
ͺ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸Άʹ ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͳͼͼͶͰͯ;Ͱͷ͹ͭ͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬͰͯ΋ͽ ͵ ͽ͹ͷ; ΂ͽ͹ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰ ͺ͹ͽ͹͵ͳ
΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͲ;ΉͽͼΊ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ·Ή ͳ ͬΆ͸;ͱͯͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ·Ή ͼͷͰ͸Ά ͷͰͼͽͪ ͱͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͪ ͳͲ-Ͳͪ
͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͻͪ΄ͪΉ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ ͳ ͹ͼͽͻ͹ʹ ͬ͸;ͽͻͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͵ͳ ͬ ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ͱ
͆Ͱͼͷ͹ͽͻΊ ͸ͪ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ ͵ͻͳͲͳͼ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽΆ ͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͶͱͪΉͽ ͺͻͳͫΆͬͪͽ· ͬ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ ͵ͪ͵ ͸ͳ
ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪͶ·͸͹ ͬ ͺͰͻͬ;Ή ͹΂ͰͻͰͯ· ͺ͹ ͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͳͼ͵ͪ ͫ͹ͶͰͰ ͬΆͼ͹͵ͳ΀ Ͳͪͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵͹ͬ ̺ ͳͽ͹ͭͰ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆ ͬΆ͸;ͱͯͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͺͰͻͰͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳͳ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ
ͬΆ͸;ͱͯͰ͸͸Ά΀ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͺͻͳ͹ͫͻͰͶͳ ͬ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͰͰ ͬͻͰͷΊ ͯͶΊ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬͪ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
ͬͪͱ͸͹Ͱͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹-Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͰͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͰ
̽ͪ͸͸͹Ͱ ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͶ͹ ͬΆΊͬͳͽ· ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͱͳͽͰͶͰʹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͵ ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆͷ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷͳͲͼͽͻͪ͸ͫΆͬ΃Ͱͭ͹͊͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͹͊͹ΉͲͪ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͬͪΉ΄ͳ΀͸ͪͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹͭ;ͫͰͻ
͸ͳͳ ͉ͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽΆ ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ΂ͽ͹ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͱͰͶͪͽͰͶ·͸͹Ͱ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͵;ͻΊ͸Ͱ ͳͼͺΆͽΆͬͪΉͽ ͵
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷͳͲ̹ͰͶͪͻ;ͼͳ
͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ά
̸ͲͰͻͫͪʹͯͱͪ͸ͪ
ͳ̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳͳ
(ͻͳͼ 4).
329
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͊͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ͸ͰͺͻͳΊͲ͸Ͱ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͱͰͶͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͱͳͽͰͶͰʹͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ͵
ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷͳͲͼͽͻͪ͸ͫΆͬ΃Ͱͭ͹͊͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ΉͲͪ ͬ %
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸̓͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ; ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͺͻͰͷͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͲͲͰͷͪΓͪͫͳͬ΃Ͱͭ͊͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͊ͪͬͰͲͪ ; %
̺Άͼ͹͵ͳʹͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ͵ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷͳͲ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Άͳ̹ͰͶͪͻ;ͼͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹
͹ͫ΅Ίͼ͸ͳͽ·ͽͰͷ ΂ͽ͹͹͸ͳͳͷͰΉͽͽͪ͵ͳͰͱͰͼͶͪͬΊ͸ͼ͵ͳͰ͵͹ͻ͸ͳ ΂ͽ͹ͳ͵͹ͻͰ͸͸͹Ͱ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͵;ͻΊ͸Ͱ ͹ͽ͸͹ͼΊͽͼΊ ͵ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷ ͳͲ ͈ͻͳͫͪͶͽͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ ͖ͼͽ͹͸ͳͳ ̈́ͪͽͬͳͳ
̈́ͳͽͬΆ
΂ͽ͹ͼͬΊͲͪ͸͹ͼ͹ͻͳͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳͰʹ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ά ͼ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ʹ
͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͳ ;΄ͰͷͶͰ͸ͳͰͷ ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬ ͻ;ͼͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ ͼͬ͹Ͱʹ ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ ͋ͪ͵ͱͰ ͺ͹ͷͳͷ͹
͸ͰͺͻͳΊͲ͸Ͱ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͵ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷ ͈ͻͳͫͪͶͽͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ ͬ ͽͻ͹ʹ͵; ͶͳͯͰͻ͹ͬ ͬ͹΃Ͷͳ
ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽΆ ͳͲ ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ά ͋ͪͯͱͳ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͌ͲͫͰ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͈͹ΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͬ Έͽ͹ͷ ͼͺͳͼ͵Ͱ
ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸Ά ͼͬΊͲͪ͸͹ ͵ͪ͵ ͼ ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪ͸ͳͰͷ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͭ͹ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͵
ͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯΊ΄Ͱͷ;ͬΈͽ͹ʹͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵ͳͼͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͷͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͬ͹ͫ΄Ͱͷͺ͹ͽ͹͵Ͱ
330
͈ͻͳ΂ͳ͸Άͳͺ;ͽͳͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ
̺ͯͪ͸͸͹ͷͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳͻͪͼͼͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸ͪͷͰͱͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪΊ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΊͬ͹Ͳ͸ͳ͵͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳΊ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵
ͽ͹ͬ͋ͪ͵ ͼ;ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͳͬ͸ΆͰͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͼ͹΃Ͷͳͼ·͸ͪͽͪ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸ͪ΀ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ ͵ͪ͵͸Ͱͺ͹͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ ͬͭ͹ͯ; ͬͭ͹ͯ;– ͬ
ͭ͹ͯ;– 28%
͹ͽͼ;ͽͼͽͬͳͰͯ͹Ͷͱ͸͹ͭ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͰʹͻͪͲ͸Ά΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͬ
ͼ͹͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹
͸ͰͱͰͶͪ͸ͳͰͻͪͲ͸Ά΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͼ͵ͪͽ·͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼͼΆ
ͻͳͼ

͊ͽ͹ͳͽ ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͽ· ΂ͽ͹ ͬͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͰͰ ͬͻͰͷΊͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳͶ͹ͼ·͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀
ͺ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͲͼͽͻͪ͸ͫͶͳͱ͸Ͱͭ͹Ͳͪͻ;ͫͰͱ·Ί ͬͼͬΊͲͳͼΈͽͳͷ ͬͭ͹ͯ;͵;ͻΊ͸ͬΆͯͰͶΊΉͽΈͽ͹ͽ
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͵ͪ͵͹ͯ͸;ͳͲͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͳ͵͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳΊͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ.
͉Ͱͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽͪͷ ͽͪ͵ͱͰͫΆͶͪͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ·ͬΆͼ͵ͪͲͪͽ·ͼͬ͹΋ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰͬ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͳ
ͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸ ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͳ͵͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳΊ ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ ͇ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸͹Ͱ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ ;͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ ͸ͪ
ͽͪ͵ͳͰͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸Ά ͵ͪ͵j͸ͳͲ͵ͪΊͭͻͪͷ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽ·v j͹΄;΄Ͱ͸ͳͰͺͻͰͬ͹ͼ΀͹ͯͼͽͬͪ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳʹ͸ͪͯͯͻ;ͭͳ
ͷͳv jͲͪͬͳͼͽ·ͳͲͶ͹ͼͽ·v jͻͪͲ͸ͪΊͬͰͻͪv j͹͵͵;ͺͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ͪΊ̓͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΊ͉͍v
͈ͻͳ͹ͽͬͰͽͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼj̓ͪ͵͹ͬΆ ͸̺ͪͪ΃ͬͲͭͶΊͯ ͺ;ͽͳͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ v(ͻͳͼ 6) ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͬͳͼͼͶͰͯ;ͰͷΆʹͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳͼ·ͼ΀͹ͱͳͷͳ͋ͪ͵ͬ
ͳͭ͹ͯͪ΀ ͹͵͹Ͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ά͵;ͻΊ͸ͼ΂ͳͽͪͶͳ ΂ͽ͹ͻͰͭ;ͶΊͽ͹ͻ͹ͷͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ
ͯ͹Ͷͱ͸͹ͬΆͼͽ;ͺͪͽ·ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͻͭͪ͸Ά ͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬͰ͸͸ΆͰͲͪͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸;Ήͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͬͼͿͰͻͰ
ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ͆͹ͬͽ͹ͱͰͬͻͰͷΊͼͶͰͯ;Ͱͽ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͽ· ΂ͽ͹ͬͭ͹ͯ;͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸ΆͰ͹ͽͷͰ΂ͪͶͳ ΂ͽ͹ͶΉͯͳ
ͼͪͷͳͯ͹Ͷͱ͸Άͳͼ͵ͪͽ·ͺ;ͽͳͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͭͶͪͼͳΊ ͲͪΈͽ͹ͬΆͼ͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͼ·͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸Ά΀

331
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͉ͪͼͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼj̓ͪ͵͹ͬΆ ͸̺ͪͪ΃ͬͲͭͶΊͯ ͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸Ά

ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ v ͬ%.
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt͑ͽͪͼ;, ͺ͹̺ͪ΃Ͱͷͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;, ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳ
ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ i ;
332
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵7 ͉ͪͼͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼj̓ͪ͵͹ͬΆ ͸̺ͪͪ΃ͬͲͭͶΊͯ ͺ;ͽͳͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͰͱ

͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬ v ͬ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt͆ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰ ͺ͹ͬͪ΃Ͱͷͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ; ͷ͹ͭ;
ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͽͳ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͪ i ;
͐ͪͼͽ·ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳͶͳͼͬ͹ͳͺ;ͽͳͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬjͼ͹
Ͳͯͪͽ· ͬ͹ ͬͼͰ΀ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ΀ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͼͺͻͪͬͰͯͶͳͬ͹ͼͽͳv j͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͼͶͪͬΊ͸v
j͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸Άʹͺ͹ͯ΀͹ͯͬ͹ͭͶͪͬͰͼͻͪͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͷͬͼͰ΀ͺͰͻͰͯͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͺͻͳ͸ͪͶͳ΂ͳͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͸Ά΀ͼ;ͯ͹ͬv
jͼ͹ͫͶΉͯͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬΈͽͳ͵ͳv jͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰv
̸̀̓̈́͗͐̾͆́̾
ͅ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂͸ΆͰͻͰͭͳ͹͸Άͼ͸ͳͲ͵ͳͷͳͳͷͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άͷͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶΊͷͳ ͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸ΆͰ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͬ ΁ͰͶ͹ͷ ͹ͽͶͳ΂ͪΉͽͼΊ ͬΆͼ͹͵ͳͷ ;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ͱͷ ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹ͭͶͪͼͳΊ ͳ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸ͽ͸Άͷ
͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ͵Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͷͷͰ͸·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͷ ΂ͽ͹ͯͰͶͪͰͽͰͭ͹͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸͸Άͷͪ͸͵Ͷͪͬ͹ͷͬ
ͷͳͻͰ ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪΉ΄ͳ΀ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ ͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸͸ΆͰ ͯͪ͸͸ΆͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻΊͽ ͹ ͽ͹ͷ ΂ͽ͹ ͬ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΊ ͬͼͿͰͻͰͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽΊͱͰ͸ͳͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͽͻ΋΀ͶͰͽ͸Ͱ
ͷͰ͸ΊͰͽͼΊͳ͹ͼͽͪ΋ͽͼΊ͸ͰʹͽͻͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͼͳͶ·͸͹ͬΆͻͪͱͰ͸͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͬͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ΀
͸Ͱ͸ͪͫͶΉͯͪͰͽͼΊ͈ͻ͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪͬͼͶ͹ͱͳͬ΃ͳͰͼΊ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ͵ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪͷͳͲͼͽͻͪ͸
ͫΆͬ΃Ͱͭ͹ ͊͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͊͹ΉͲͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ ͼͯͰͶͪͽ· ͬΆͬ͹ͯ ΂ͽ͹ ͱͳͽͰͶͳ ͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
333
ͫ͹Ͷ·΃Ͱʹ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳ ͫͰͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸͹ ͹ͽ͸͹ͼΊͽͼΊ ͵ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͷ ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪΉ΄ͳͷ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ
̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͆ͪͫͶΉͯͪͰͷͪΊ ͸ͳͲ͵ͪΊ ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊ ͸ͪͺͻΊͱ΋͸͸͹ͼͽ· ͹ͫͰͼͺͰ΂ͳͬͪͰͽͼΊ ͳ
ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱͳͬͪͰͽͼΊͬͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͰͲͪͼ΂΋ͽͼͳͼͽͰͷ͸͹ʹͻͪͫ͹ͽΆͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀͹ͻͭͪ͸͹ͬͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹͬͶͪ
ͼͽͳ ͈ͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͷͪΊ ͺͻͰͬͰ͸ͽͳͬ͸ͪΊ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ͪΊ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͪ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀
ͷͰͻ͹ͺͻͳΊͽͳΊ΀ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͼͽͬ;Ͱͽ ;͵ͻͰͺͶͰ͸ͳΉ ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͷͰͱ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀
͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͈ͻͳ Έͽ͹ͷ ͼͶͰͯ;Ͱͽ ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͽ· ΂ͽ͹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ
Ͱͯͳ͸͹ʹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͳͯͰͳ ͸Ͱͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ ͫͰͲ ;΂΋ͽͪ ͳ͸͹ͭͯͪ ͯͪͱͰ ͺ͹ͶΊͻ͸Ά΀ ͬ͹ͲͲͻͰ͸ͳʹ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͰʹ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ͹͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͳͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸Ά΀ͭͻ;ͺͺ
͆͹ͺͻͳͬͼͰʹͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ʹ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷ;΂Ͱ͸͸ΆͰͯͪ͸͸ΆͰͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶΊΉͽͼͯͰͶͪͽ·ͬΆͬ͹ͯ ΂ͽ͹
ͳͷͰΉ΄ͰͰͼΊ ͬͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͰͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹Ͱͼ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͰΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ͸Ͱͼͽ͹Ͷ·ͼͽͪͫͳͶ·͸ΆͷͳͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ
ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳͳͷ͹ͱͰͽͺͻͳͬͰͼͽͳ͵͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪ͸ͳΉͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͪͲͪͽͰͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ
͸ͪͺͻΊͱ΋͸͸͹ͼͽͳ͆͹ͬͽ͹ͱͰͬͻͰͷΊͬΆͲΆͬͪͰͽ͹ͺͪͼͰ͸ͳΊͽ͹ͽͿͪ͵ͽ ΂ͽ͹ͬͷͪͼͼ͹ͬ͹ͷͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͳͺͻͳ
ͼ;ͽͼͽͬ;Ͱͽ͹ͫͻͪͲͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪ͵ͪ͵ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶΊ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͭͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͹ͯ͸͹ʹͼͽ͹ͻ͹͸Άͳ
ͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͯͽͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͼ ͸ͳͷ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ ͼͽ͹ͻ͹͸Ά ΂ͽ͹ Ͱ΄΋ ͻͪͲ ͺ͹ͯͽͬͰͻͱͯͪͰͽ ͺͻͳ
͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶ΋͸͸Ά΀͹ͫͼͽ͹ΊͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͪ΀ͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ·ͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳͳͬ͹ͫͶͪͼ
ͽͳ ͬ ΀;ͯ΃;Ή ́ Έͽ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;Ͱͽ ͸͹ͬΆ΀ ͺ͹ͯ΀͹ͯ͹ͬ ͵ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͼͽͬ;Ή΄Ͱʹ
ͯ͹ͼͽͳͱͰ͸ͳΉ ͳ ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱͪ͸ͳΉ ͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬ ͬͼͰ΀ ͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͬ Ͳͪͽͻ͹͸;ͽΆ΀ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άͷͳ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪͷͳ

̸͈͇͉͉͔͊́͊̓̈́́͋̾͋͌
̸͸΁ͳͿͰͻ͹ͬͪ ̻͆

ͅͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰͳͷͰͱ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸ΆͰ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͬͷ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷͺͻͳ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱͼ͹ͼͽ͹Ί͸ͳͰͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳͳͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
̺͆ͪ;΂
͸Άʹͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶ· ΢
, ͼ. 10–
̸͸΁ͳͿͰͻ͹ͬͪ ̻͆ͳ̀͹ͽ͹ͬ ̺̺
͆ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪ΀ͬͷ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ͱ ̺ ͈ͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ;ͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹
Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ, ̺ ΂ ͐ ͼ–131 (ͼͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ͸ͪ;΂͸Ά΀ ͼͽͪͽͰʹ ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ʹ
͸ͪ;΂͸͹ʹ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͳ)̓;ͻͼ͵́Ͳͯ-ͬ͹̸͵ͪͯͰͷͳͳͭ͹ͼͼͶ;ͱͫΆ
̻ͪʹͯ;͵͹ͬͪ ́ ̹ ͳ ̻͹ͯ;͸͹ͬͪ ͗ ͗
͉Ͱͭ;Ͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͷͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ͬ
͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆͳͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬΆ̺̽;΀͹ͬ͸ͪΊͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΊͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͉͹ͼͼͳΊ99*
ͬͰ͵ ΢
ͼ–
̾ͿͻͰͷ͹ͬ ̺͊ ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͰͰ͸͵͹ ̸́ͳ͊ͪͶ͹ͬͪ ̸́
ͅͰͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰͳͷͰͱ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͼͳ͹
͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ̺͈ͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͶ·͸ΆͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸
͸͹ͭ͹;ͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͼͻͪͬ͸ͳͽͰͶ·͸Άʹͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͺΆͽͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸͹ͬͼͽͻͪ͸̻͊͆ ͊ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͸ͪ;΂͸Ά΀ͼͽͪͽͰʹ
*7 ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ʹ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ʹ ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͳ ͬ ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ ͎7 ͷͰͱͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͪͶ·͸͹ʹ
͹ͺͽ͹ͬ͹-ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͳ΂͸͹ʹ ̓;ͻͼ͵͹ʹ ̓͹ͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ʹ Ίͻͷͪͻ͵ͳ
ͼ – ̓;ͻͼ͵ ́Ͳͯ-ͬ͹ ̸͵ͪͯͰͷͳͳ ͭ͹ͼ
ͼͶ;ͱͫΆ
334
̀͹ͽ͹ͬ ̺̺ͳ̹ͰͻͰͲ;΁͵ͪΊ ̾͊
͇ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹Ͱͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͷ͹͸͹Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͻͰͭͳ
͹͸ͪ͹ͻ͹Ͷͳͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀ͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬΆ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͬͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹-Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͳ̺͌΂Ͱ
͸ΆͰͲͪͺͳͼ͵ͳ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͪ ΢ ͼ–22.
̀͹ͽ͹ͬ ̺ ̺ ͳ ̹ͰͻͰͲ;΁͵ͪΊ ̾ ͊
͊͹ͬͰͻ΃Ͱ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳͬ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳΊ΀ͳ͸͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ̺͇ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹
Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳ͵ͪ ΢ ͼ–36.
́͹͸΁Ͱͬ ̺ ̸
ͅͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪΊ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΊ ͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΊ ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΊ ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳΊ
ͅ͹ͼ͵̸͇̻̻ͬͪ̽́̈́͌ͅ
ͅ;͵͹ͷͰͶ· ̺
ͅͰͽ͹ͯͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰͳͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽΆͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳΊͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͳͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸
ͽ͹ͬͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽ̺ͬͪ̿̀ͪʹ͹͸΂͵͹ͬͼ͵ͪΊ ́ͅ͹Ͷ͹ͯͳ͵͹ͬͪΊ ̺ͅ;͵͹
ͷͰͶ· ͻͰͯ
ͅͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯΆ ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ ͅͰͱͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹Ͱ
;΂Ͱͫ͸͹Ͱͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͳͰ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳʹ
͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͪ ̸̺ͳ̸͸΁ͳͿͰͻ͹ͬͪ ̻͆
͈;ͽͳͼ͹ͬͰͻ΃Ͱ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ʹͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸
͸͹ʹͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ̺̻͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͳ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬ΂Ͱͻͪ ͼͰͭ͹ͯ͸Ί Ͳͪͬͽͻͪ͊Ͱ
ͻͳΊ͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ΢
ͼ–91.
͈͹΀ͶͰͫͪͰͬͪ ̸̺
͈͹͸ΊͽͳͰͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͳͰͰ͵ͶͪͼͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΊ̺̿;ͻ͸ͪͶͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹
ͺͻͪͬͪͳͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ά΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹ ΢ ͼ–14.
͒Ͱͻͫͪ͵͹ͬͪ ̾
̺ͭ͹ͯ;Ͳͪͼ΂΋ͽͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹͹ͫͷͰ͸ͪͼ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ̻͊͆;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳͶ͹ͼ·
͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͼ΂Ͱͽ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͹ͫͷͰ͸ͪ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͷͳ ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ – ̺
̽Ͱͷ͹ͼ͵͹ͺ8FFLMZ ͹͸Ͷͪʹ͸
΢ ͉Ͱͱͳͷͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪͼͬ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Άʹ
IUUQEFNPTDPQFSVXFFLMZCBSPNQIQ<̽ͪͽͪ͹ͫͻͪ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊ>

̸̺́͋̈́́͠ ̸̺͉͇̺͇͇̺̈́̽́́́͐̀͋ͅ
̸̸̸̸̸͉̺͇̺͇̈́̾̓͊͆̽́͆́͐̈́̾̓͊̾̾͆̓͠
̸̸̸̸͉̺͉͇̺́́͆̈́̽́́͆͆ͅ͏̸͍͉͇̺́̾
͈͊̾͏̸͍͇͚́́͐͆͊͋́̾͌͆ͅ͏̸͇͎͈͉͇́͆̈́͆́͏̸̾͊
͇͇͇͉̻͇͌͆̾͋͆́͐̓̾́͆͌ͅͅ
͉̾̀́̾ͅ
͊ͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͬ͹ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͪͼͽͪͬ;
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͉ͪͰͭͳ͹͸ͳ͉;ͼͳΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͵͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͽͪΒͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͰͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ͊ͽͪΔͰ;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͬͰ͹ͷͪͫͻͲ͹
͹ͯͬͳΒͪ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͰͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͪ̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͲͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ;ͷ͹͸͹Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͷ͹͸͹͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵ͪ͵ͬͪ
ΒͰͳ̓;ͻͼ͵ͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ;͉;ͼ͵͹Β͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͳ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͰͳͼͬͰͬͰΕͳͷͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷͽ͹͵͹
ͬͳͷͪͳͲ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͅ͹ͶͯͪͬͳΒͰ ͠ͰͻͷͰ͸ͳΒͰͳ͌ͲͫͰ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ, ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͼͪͷ͹;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
΂ͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹͵΂ͳ͸ͳͻ;ͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͋ͪ͵ͪͬͼͪͼͽͪͬ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ̓;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͽͻͰͫͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͲͪͬͳͼͳΔͰ͸ͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ
͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β̸͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͰͲͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸;;ͺͻͪͬ;ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰ͹ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳͽ͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼ;
ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͪΔͪ ; ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ; ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ
͈ͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼͰͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͿͰͻͳͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;̓;ͻͼ͵͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ;
ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͶͰͽͻͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪͳ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪ͸ͰͷͪͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ
͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;͈ͻͰͷͪͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷͪ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ̓;ͻͼ͵ΒͰͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͼͪͬͰ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͼ
͵ͳͷͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷ͇ͪͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͼͽͪΔͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪ
ͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸̸ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͲͲͰͷͪΓͪͫͳͬ΃Ͱͭ͊͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ
͊ͪͬͰͲͪͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͼ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͻͪͬ͸͹ͯ;΃͸ͳͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;
ͭͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͯͰ;ͺ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸;͊ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳΔͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͬͰ͸ͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͰͻͰͯ͹ͺ
ͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔ;ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͷͰΌ;͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͋ͻͰͫͪ ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳͯͰΒͰ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͫͰͲ ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ ;
͹ͫͲͳͻ ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀
ͭͻ;ͺͪ ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪͷͯͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͷ͹ͯͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ΀ͪͻͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ
͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͪ ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͯ͹
ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒ͈ͪ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͲͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹;ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ΒͼͬͰͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͷͳΘͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ΂ͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪ
ͼΔͳͷ ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪΔͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;
́ͽ͹ͬͰΕͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͸͹ͬͰͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͰͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔ;ͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔ;ͻͪͬ
͸͹ͽͰͱͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͼͬͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͺ͹ͭ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͷ͹͸͹Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯ͸ͪͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ
͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ
336

̸̸̸͇̹͎̀́̈́́ͣ̽͌͆ͦ́͠͠1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͪͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ, ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸̻͇́́̈́̓̈́́̀͠͏̸́͠
–̸͈͉͉͉́̾́͊̈́͊̓̾̓͌̈́͋͌̾ͅͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͇ͬͪΒͻͪͯΕͰͼͰͫͪͬͳͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͸ͪΒ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹΂ͳͽͪΒ; ͰͿͰ͵ͽͳ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼ Δͳͷ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
̹ͪͬΓͰΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͯͬͰ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͼͯ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͳͬͰ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ΒͰͻͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͿ;ͲͳΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͭͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ΂ͳͽͪ
ͽͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͌Ϳ͹͵;ͼ;ͻͪͯͪͫͳΕͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳΔͰ͸ͪͼͳ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͪͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͳͲͻͪͲͳͷͪͳ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ͉ͪͯΕͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪͽͳ ͯͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͱͰͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ;
ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͬͳͯ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͲͻͪͲͪ t͵ͪ
ͶͳͭͻͪͿͳͽͪi ͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͬͳͯ;ͬͳͯͰ͹-
-ͼ͸ͳͷ͵͇ͪͼͪͷͰͫͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸ͪ͆ͪͷͰͻͪΒͰͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͳ͵ͪͱͰͷ͹͵ͪ͹ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ ͭͯͰͼͰ͸;ͯͰ
͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ ͼͪͷ͹
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹
ͬͳΌͰΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸;ͯͳ΀͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷ
ͯ͹ͫͪͻͶ͹΃͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ;ͻͪͯ;ͼͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͪΒͰͲͪͳͼ΀͹ͯͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵
ͽͳͬͪ͸ ͪͶͳͳͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬͪ͸¢ͫͳͽͪ͸Ͷͳ΂͸ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͪͭͰ͸ͽ ͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͳͶͳͪͭͰ͸ͼ͸͹ͼͽ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ

̺͇͌̽
ͅͳͼͷ͹ͼͬͳͬͰΕ͵͹͸ͽͪͷͳ͸ͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ
Kwame Anthony Appiah2

1
zokeetza@gmail.com
2
͈ͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͰ͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ͸ͼͽ͹͸ͳ͢;Β͹ͻ΃͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ; ͷͰ΃ͪ͸͹ͭ ͭͪ͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ͻ͹ΌͰ͸;̺ͰͶͳ͵͹Β̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͳ
337

͇Γ;ͯͳ ͅͳͬͪͼ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬΒͰ͵ͪͳΒͰͯ͸ͰͱͰ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͪͷ͹ͳ
͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰͳͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͬͪͼͯͳΒͰͶͳͷ͹ͯͪͫͳͼͽͰͼͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͳ
̓;ͻͪ͸ 13
͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͯͰͫͪͽͪ ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;΂ͰͼͽͪͶͪΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹;͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;

Ͷͪͳ΂͵ͳͷ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳͷ͉ͪͪͼͺͻͪͬͰͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͪͽͰͷ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͬ͹ͯͰͼͰͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͺͻ͹͸ͳ͵͸;;ͯ;ͫͳ͸;͹ͬ͹ͭͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹;ΔͰͭ͹
ͬͰͰͿͰ͵ͽͰ;99* ͬͰ͵; ΂ͳΒͳͼͷ͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ́͹ͬͪΒͻͪͯΕͰͼͰͯͰͶ͹ͷͫͪͬͳͽͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ́ͺͪ͵ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͺ͹ΓͰ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͺ͹Βͪͷ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻΕͰͼͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͳͽͳ͸ͪ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͸ͪ ͯͳ΀͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ
ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͳͲͻͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͻͪͯ; ͺ͹Ͳͪͫͪͬͳͷ͹ ͳ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͻ ΒͰ ͼͪͷͪ ͼͻͱ ͹ͬͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ –
ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͼͬͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ΁ͳΓ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͬͰΕ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸;ͬ͹ͯ;ͻͪͲ;
ͷͰͬͪΔͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͰͬͻͼͽͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻ͸Ͱ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ– ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͆ͪ͵͹͸ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͪͷͰͼͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ;
ͻͪͯ; ΕͰͷ͹ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͽͳͯͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͱͰͷ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼ͵ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͰͷ ͹͸͹ͭͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΕͰ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͸ͪͲͬͪͽͳ tͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷi ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͹ͷ
͵͹Βͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳ͵ͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͵͹Βͳͷͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ́Ͳͻͪͯͪ
ͫͳΕͰ Βͪͼͪ͸ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͪ
͹͸ͯͪͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͪ͹ͫΒͪ
΃ΔͪͬͪΒ; ͹ͬͪΒͻͪͯΕͰͺͻͪͽͳͽͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͰ ͵͹Βͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͍ͻͳͯͷͪ͸ ͉͹ͫͰͻ
ͽͼ͹͸ ͉ͳ΁Ͱͻͳͯͻ;ͭͳ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͻͪͯͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͷͰͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͽͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͯͰΒ; ͪͭͰ͸ͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͹͸ͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸͹ͭ
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͽ͵ͻͰͺΓ;ΒͰͳͯͰΒ;ͯͪΒͰͳͲͫ͹ͻ͵͹Βͳͯ͹͸͹
ͼͳͷ͹͹͸ͪΒ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͷͺͻͰͭ͸;ͽ ͪ͸ͰͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͪͬ ͳͶͳͫͪͻ͸Ͱͼͬͪ͵ͳ

͌ͯͰͶ;͹ͳͼͶͪͷ;ͳͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͻͪͯͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͳͯͰ͹
Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ́ͼͶͪͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ
͹͵ͬͳͻͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ͵͹Β͹ͷͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͼͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͫͳ
ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱͷ͹ͭͶͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳ͸Ͱ͵;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͶͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ– ͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸ͳ
͌ ͻͪͯ; ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ΃ͽͪ Ͳͪ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺ͹Βͪͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ ΃ͽͪ
ͺ͹Βͪͷ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͽΒ ͯͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͼͬ;ͯͪ ͭͯͰ ΒͰ ͳͼͶͪͷ ͑ͽͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵ͳ ΒͰ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
΂ͳͽͪͬͰ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ ;ͷͷͰ ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪΒ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪ
Ͷͪ ͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͷͰΔͪͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͬͪ͵͹
ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͷͳͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͳͷͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
338
̸̸̸͇̹͎̻̀́̈́́ͣ̽͌͆ͦ́͠͠Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ– ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͳͶͳΒͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͷ ̽ͪͶͳͼͰͫ͹ͻͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΔͰ ͳͶͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͆ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͳͽͪ
Δͪ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΕͰͷ͹ ͯͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹ ; ͻͪͯ; ͯ͹͵ ΕͰ ͯͻ;ͭͪ ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͫ;ͯ;Εͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪ
̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͼ͵ͳ΁ͳͻͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͭͶ͹
͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͯͬͪͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰͻͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͽͬ͸Ͱ
ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͼ΀͹ͯ͹ͷ ͯ͹͵ΕͰͯͻ;ͭͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͷͰͻ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͽͻͪͭͳ΂͸ͳͷͳͼ΀͹ͯ͹ͷ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸̻͇́́̈́̓̈́́̀͠͏̸́͠–̸̸͈͉́̾͢ͅ
̓ͪ͹ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ-ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͼͰ;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹Β
ͳͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵͹ΒͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳ͹ͬͪΒͽͰͻͷͳ͸͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͯͪ͹ͺͳ΃Ͱͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͼͽͪΔͰ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ 4Ue-
ger, 2003, ͼͽͻ #FZFS
͌͸ͪ;΂͸͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪt͸ͪΒͬͪ
ͱ͸ͳΒͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ; Γ;ͯͼ͵͹Β ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳi ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͼͬͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪ 3JU[FS
͇͸͹ ͹
΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͷ͸͹ͭͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼͶͪͱ;ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͳ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͷ͸͹΃
ͽͬ͹ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͲͪͼͰͫ͸ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͳ ͺͪͽͪ͵͹;͇͵ͼͿ͹ͻͯͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͷ
;ͬ͹ͯ;;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͊ͽͰͭͰͻ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪtPͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͻͪͲͷͳ΃Γͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͷ;ͶͽͳͯͳͷͰ͸
Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͼͰͽ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻ;ͱͪΒ; ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ ͼͬ͹ΌͰΔ; ͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ
͹͵ͬͳͻi 4UFHFS ͼͽͻ
́ͪ͵͹tͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͷ͹ΕͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰͱͰͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ ͳ
;Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵; ͳ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵; ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪi
(ͳͼͽ͹
Ͳͪ͸ͪͼΒͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰͷΕͰͷ͹ͼͰͬͻͪͽͳͽͳ;
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵;ͻͪͯͪ
͑ͽ͹ͼͰͽͳ΂ͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱ;;ͬͰͲͳͼ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪ
ͻͪΒ;Ε͹ͷͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͬ͹ͭͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͹͸ͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱ;͸ͳ;ͬͰͲͳͼΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͯ͹ͷͰͽ͹ͷ ͰͿͰ͵ͽ͹ͷ
΀ͻ͹͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷͳͳͼ΀͹ͯ͹ͷ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ(QPMJDZ)͋ͪ͵͹͸ͪΒͺͻͰͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͽͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵ͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͬ͹ͯͳtͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͯͰͫͪͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳi
3JU[FS ͼͽͻ–
;͵͹Β͹Β ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳΒͰͻΒͰͬͰΕͳͯͰ͹
ͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͯͰ͹Γ;ͯͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͳͶͳͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͬͪ͸ͳ΂ͪ͵ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͲ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͬͰͲ;ΒͰͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;i ͳͼͽ͹).
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Εͳ΂ͳͽͪͬ;
ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽ; ͳͯͪͳͪ͵͹͸Ͱ͵ͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͼͬͰͽͪ͸ͳͼ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͰ΃͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪΕͳͯͰ͹
͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͷͪͫͪ΃͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͯ͹ͯͳͻͼ Δ͹ͷ͇ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪt;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Βͪ΂ͪi (ͳͼͽ͹).
͇ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ΒͰͫͶͳͲͪ͵ͼͽͪͬͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͋͹ͷͪͼ͍ͪͻͳͯͷͪ͸ͪ(Thomas Frie-
dmann) ̹ͪͭͬͪͽͳͪͭͯ͠ͳ΃ͪ(Bhagwati Jagdish) ͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳΕͰͷ͹ͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͰͷͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ
͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ̾͸ͽ͹͸ͳ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ (Anthony Giddens) ͍ͻͰͯͰͻͳ͵ ͦͰΒͷͼ͹͸ (Frederic
Jameson) ͳ ͉͹͸ͪͶͯ ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸ (Ronald Robertson) ͋ͪ͵͹ ΕͰͷ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹
339
ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͵͹ΒͳͼͰ΃ͳͻͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͼͷͰͻ͹ͬͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͰ͸ͪΒ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͼͬͰͽͪͳ͸Ͱͷͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͷΒͰͬͪͱͪ͸;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ΒͰͻͱͰͶͳͷ͹ͯͪͺ͹͵ͪͱͰͷ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͺ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͳͷͪͶͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͯͪͲͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲͰͿͳͲͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͳ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͼͽ͹
ͽͰͯͪͼͰͷͰ΃ͪΒ;ͳͺͻͰͺͶͳΕ; ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ
̀ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳͷΕͰͷ͹ͼͰͫͪͬͳͽͳ;͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͻͪͯ;ͬͪͱ͸ͪΒͰͳ tͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪiͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪͦ͹ͻΘ͉ͪͳ΁Ͱͻͪ(George Ritzer),
͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ΀ͳͫ
ͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͳ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪtͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi͈ͻͰͷͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ
͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰͼ;ͼͶͪͫͰ ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͳΒͪ͵ͳ ΃ͽ͹ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͳͻͪͽͳͷͰͯͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͬͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Β͌Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ ͼͽͪͺͪΔͰͯͪΒͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻͰͫ;ͯ;ͺͻͰͺͶͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ
͆Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͯͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹Βͳ
͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ;͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼ;ͳͦ͋͹ͷͶͳ͸ͼ͹͸ ̸̸ͺͪͯ;
ͻͪΒ ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ
͉ͳ΁Ͱͻͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼ;͹ͬͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒͰtͳͼͽ͹ͼͽͳi͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷ̀ͪͺͪ
ͯ; ͽͪ͵͹ͳͬͪ͸ΔͰͭͪ ;ͼͶͰͯ΂ͰͭͪΒͰͼ͵͹ͬͪ͹ͽͰͻͷͳ͸tͷͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi (.D%POBMEJTBUJPO) ΂ͳͷͰΒͰ
͹ͺͳͼͪ͹ ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ ͫͻͲͰ
΀ͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͯͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ
3JU[FS ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽ͹Β ͭͻ;ͺͳ tͺͰͼͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀i ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͼͺͪͯͪ ͳ ̹Ͱ͸Θͪͷͳ͸ ̹ͪͻͫͰͻ
(Benjamin Barber) #BSCFS

͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪΒͰͼͽͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͿ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪ͸ͪͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͺͻͰ
΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͽ͹͵͹ͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲ;Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͈ͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͽͬͻͯ͹ͭͶͪͬ͹ͱͰͶͰ
ͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸;ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ 4UFHFS ͼͽͻ–

t͇ͺͽͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͪiͭͻ;ͺͪͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰͼͪͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͺͰͼͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͷ
͵͹ͶͰͭͪͷͪͼͶͪͱͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸Ͱtͳͼͽ͹ͼͽͳi͸ͪͺ͹Γ;΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸ͳ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪΒͰͳͼ΀͹ͯ͵͹ΒͳͳͲ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͳͶͪͲͳͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͳͷͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͷ͹ͳͯ͹ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ
ͽͻͰΕͰͭ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͽ͹͵ͪ ¢ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͯͰ ͼͰ Ͱ͵ͼͽͰͻ͸ͳ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͳ
ͼͺͪΒͪΒ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ ͵͹Βͳ ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸;ΒͰ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ ͹ͬͪ ͯͬͪ ̹ͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ
͵͹ΒͰ;ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;Ͱ͵ͼͽͰͻ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͽ͹͵͹ͬͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳ͹͸ͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΒ;͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͰ͵ͼͽͰͻ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͺͰΒ;ͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͫͳΒ; ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸;Β;ͼͰͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͷͪͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͰ͈ͻͰͷ͉ͪͳ΁Ͱͻ; ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ
͸ͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͪ ͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͳͲ ͵͹ΒͰͭ ͳͲ͸ͳ΂; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ
ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸͹ͼͽ 4UFHFS

͊ͽͪͬ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͫͶͳͱͳͼͽͪͬ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͼͽͪͬͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ͵͹ΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͬͰͲ;
Β;Ͳͪ͸͹ͬͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͲͻͪͲͪͳͲͪ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳͼ΀͹ͯͰ͵͹Βͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͰͳͲͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͋ͪ͵͹ ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͳ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͹ͼͬͰͱͪͬͪΒ;
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͸ͳ΃Ͱ ͇ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͯͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ;ͬͰ͵ ;Ͳͳͷͪ ͷͪ΀ͪ ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
340
͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ ͹͸͹ͯͫͳΒͪͽͰͲ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ –
͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹Β ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹Β; ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͳͬͪΔͰ
͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰ ͻͪ͸ͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͯͰΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪͅΒ͵͍ͪͯͰͻͼͽ͹;͸(Mike Fatherstone) ͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪt͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷ͸͹ͼͽ ͬͰΕ͸ͪͼ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͬͰͼ͸ͳͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀͸ͳͬ͹ͪ
ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪi 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ

̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸̸͉́́́͊̈́͊̓̓͌̈́͋͌͠ͅ–̸̸͈͇̺͌̀͆̾͢
͇ͯͼͪͷ͹ͭ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͳͼͶͪͷͼͰ͸ͰͲͪͽͬͪͻͪ;΂ͳͼͽ͹ͼͪ͵ͻͪͶ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͬͰͻͰ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ̾ͻ͸Ͱͼͽ
̻ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ͵ͪͱͰͯͪͼ͸ͪͭͪͳͼͶͪͷͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͰ;tΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ͷͺͻͪΕͰΔ;ͫ͹ͱΒͰͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ
͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͻͰͭ;ͶͪͽͳͬͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ; ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͯͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹
;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳͼͶͪͷͼͰͫͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͵ͻͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ́ͼͶͪͷΒͰͷ͹ͱͯͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͸ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͳͻͰͯ;ͪͶͳͲͪͷ͵͹Βͳ΂;ͬͪͼͬͰͽ͹͹ͯ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹Ϳͪ͸͹ͭi "INBE
ͼͽͻYJJ ̻ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬ;ͬ͹ͯ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͷ͹ͳͼͶͪͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪͼͬͰͽͪ͵Δͳͭͪ
̓;ͻͪ͸ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͼͪͷ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ
ͻͰ΂Β;̸Ͷͪ΀ͪ ͳ͊;͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͺ͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͅ;΀ͪͷͰͯͪ Ͳͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͻ;͵͹ͷΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͼͶͰͯͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΀ͪͯͳͼͳͷͪ &TQP[JUP ͼͽͻ–
͇ͬͪͯͬͪ
ͼͽ;ͫͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͬͰͻͰͼͪͯͻͱͰͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͰͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͲͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͽͰͱͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͬ͹ͯͳ͹ ͫ͹ͭ͹;ͭ͹ͯͪ͸ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ́ͺͪ͵ ͼͶͰͺ͹ ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͹ͬͳͷ
ͼͺͳͼͳͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͳ͸΀ͰͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͺͻͬͳͷͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͼͪͬͰͽͪ– t΃;ͻͰiͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰ
ͬͪͶͪΒͰͬËΕͰ͸ͪΒͷ;ͯͻͳΒͳ΀ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͶͳ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭiΒͰ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͫͳ͹ͯͰ͹ͳͼͶͪͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͬͳͯͰͽͳ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳ
Ͳͳͻͪͷ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͪͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͰͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͹ͯ
́ͫͰͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͼͰͬͰͻ͸Ͱ ̸Ϳͻͳ͵Ͱ ͯ͹ ͈ͰͻͼͳΒͰ ͳ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
̻ͯͰ ͭ͹ͯ ͯͪ ͼͰ ΃ͳͻͳ͹
ͳͼͶͪͷͼͰͷͰ΃ͪ͹ͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͳͷͪͳ΃ͪͫͶ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͰ 3 ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ͹;
ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽ;ͻͳ ͷ;Ͳͳ΁ͳ ͵;΀ͳΔͳͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͪͶͳΒͰ
ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳ͹;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳ͵ͪ͹͸;ͼͺͻ͹ͳͲ
ͬ͹ͯͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͬͰΕ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸͹΃Ͱ͸͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͫͰͲ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͹ͬ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͯ͹ͯͳͻͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸Ͱͷ;ͼ
Ͷͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͷͬͰΕͳ;͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͭͯͰΒͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͽͪ͵͹Βͪ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷͰΔͪͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͑ͽ͹ͼͰͽͳ΂ͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸͹ͼͰ͸͹ͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͳͯͰΒ;
;ͷͷͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹Βͪ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͲͳ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ Ͱͽ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭ &TQP[JUP ͼͽͻ
͠͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͬͪͱͪ͸ΒͰͼͽͰͳͶͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹tͲ͸ͪΔͰi ͺͻͰͷͪ
3
͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹Ͳͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͬͻͰͷͰͽͬͻͯͳͳ̸͵ͫͪͻ̸΀ͷͰͯ(Akhbar Ahmed) ͵͹Βͳ͹ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͯͪtͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͳͷͪͽͳ;ͬͳͯ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͻ͹Βͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯ;Γ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͱͳͬͰ;͹͵͹ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ–ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ;̸͊̽ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳi (ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ;Ahmad, Donovan, 1994).
341
͵͹ΒͰͷͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳ͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͳͷͪΒ;ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ͹͹tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷi ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͵ͪ͹͹͸Ͱ΂Ͱͷ;΂Ͱͷ;ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͽͰͱͳͽͳͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ΂Ͱͷ;΂Ͱͷ;ͽͻͰͫͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͽͰͱͳͽͳ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸́͠ ̸̸̻͇̈́̓̈́́̀͏̸̸̸̸́́́͊̈́̽͆͊͠ͅ
͌͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͻͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͫͪΕͰͷ͹ͯͪͼ͵ͳ΁ͳͻͪͷ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͬͳͯͰͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
͵ͪ͵͹ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ ͬͰͲͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͪ ͼ ΁ͳΓͰͷ ͯͪ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͱͰͷ͹
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹΀ͳͫͻͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͹ͭͷͰ΃ͪΔͰͷͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
͇ͼͬͻ͸;ΕͰͷ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͰΓ͵;ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪͼͰͳͼͶͪͷ͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱ
ͽ͵ͪ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͳͯͰΒ͹ͷ ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͪͼͳͷͳͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͹͸ ͹ͼͷͳ΃Γͪͬͪ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ ΃;ͻͪ,
;ͷͷͪ ͳͶͷ
͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͰͫͪͬͳͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͹ͬͳͷͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͊ͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͬ͹ͷͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰ
ͳͼͶͪͷ;͵ͪ͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸; ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹͸ͪͯͳͶͪͱͰΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭtͳͼͽͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷͳ
ͽͶ͹ͷi 4NJU
́ͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ͼ; ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪͶͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͽͻͪͱͳͶͰ
͸͹ͬͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳͼͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͽͰͷͪͷͪ 4UFHFS

͆ͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͷͰͼͽͪͭͯͰͼ;ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳ͹ͯ7**ͬͰ͵ͪͺͪ͸ͪͯͪΓͰ΃ͳͻͳͶͳͼͬ͹Β;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͳͷͪ
ͬͰΕΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭ́ͻͪ͸ͪ ͪͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ͈Ͱͻ
ͼͳΒͰ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͲͷͰ΃ͪͶͪͼͬͰΕͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕ͹ͷͳͫ͹ͭͪͽ͹ͷͺͰͻͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼͽͪ͸΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͰͯͰͼͳͶ͹ͳͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͷͰ΃ͪΔͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͼͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪ
ͼ;ͱͳͬͰͶͪ͸ͪ́ͫͰͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ;͇ͬ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͯͪͼ;΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ;ͼ
Ͷͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪͫͳͶͳͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ̓ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͬͰͲ;Β;Ͳͪͺ͹ΒͪͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͳͶͰͼ;ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ
;ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͸ͰͺͻͰͽͰΕͳͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;ͳ͸Ͱ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͭͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͯͪͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͯͻ;
ͭͳͷ͹΂ͳͷͪ͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;͵ͻ͹ͲͳͯͰΒ;ͯ͹ͷͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͬͰͲ;ΒͰͲͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; 4UFHFS
͇ͬ͹ͼͰ
ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͲͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͪͻͪͺͼ͵Ͱ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͲͰͷΓͰͳͷͪͶͰ;9*9ͳ99ͬͰ͵; ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͽͳ΂Ͱ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ ͊ͪΒ͵ͼ–͈ͳ͵͹͹ͬ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ4 ͵͹Βͳͷͼ;ͳͼ΁ͻ
ͽͪ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͳ͇ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͲͻͪͰͶͼ͵͹-ͺͪͶͰͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͲͪͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪͿͽͰͳͯͻ;ͭ͹͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͽ;
ΒͰͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ͸ͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹;ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͭͯͰͼ;
ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ͆ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ΃ͳͻͰͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͷͰͯͳΒͪͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰ
͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͽΔͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰͼͰ͵ͪ͹͹ͺͪͼ͸Ͱͺ͹ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͰΒͪ͵͹ͭ
͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͲͪͻͪͯΔͰ͸͹ͭ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ
4
͋ͪΒ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͲͷͰΌ;̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͳ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ΁ͳΓͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͲ͹͸Ͱ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͹ͬͰͯͬͰͲͰͷΓͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͻͪͼͺ͇ͪͯͪͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ
342
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹Β;ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹t͸ͰͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸;iͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΃͸;;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪͯͬͪͬͰ͵ͪ ͫͳͶ͹
ͯͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷͼͺ͹Γͪ ͳͶͳ͹ͯͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ ;΃ͽͪͼͺͪͯͪΒ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ; ͳ ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͼͰ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ ΒͰ
͹ͫ͸͹ͬͳͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹ͭͼͰ͸ͽͳͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͰͷͳͲͬͰͼ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͇ͪͬͯͰΒͰ
ͽͰ΃͵͹͸ͰͼͰͽͳͽͳͼͰͅ ̺ͰͫͰͻͪͳ̾̽ͳͻ͵ͰͷͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͳͯͰΒͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͶͳͼ͵ͪͳͼͶͪͷ; ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰ
΂͹ͬͰ͵͸;ͱ͸͹ͳͺͻ͹Ϳͪ͸͹ͳͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͫͳΕͰͅ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͼ;͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
ͼͽͳͲͪͶ͹ͯ͹Δͳ΀΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͼͰ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ ͫͰͲͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ
ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ͊ͬͳ͹ͬͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ¢ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;9*9ͳ99ͬͰ͵; ͻͪͲ͹΂ͪͻͪΔͰ
;ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪͳͼͶͪͷͪͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
ͲͪͽͳͷͼͬͰͫͻͱͳͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪͳΓ;ͯͳ ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͽ;ͻͳͲͷͪ
΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͪͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪͺͻͰͷͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ
ͬ͹ΓͪͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΒ;ͺͻͰͷͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ;ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ
΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ¢ͳͲͪͲͬͪͶͳͼ;ͼ;ͷΔ;; ͹ͺ΃ͽ;͵ͻͰͯͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ;;ͷ͹ͬͳͷͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ "INBEFUBM
ͼͽͻ
ͳΒ͹΃ͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͶͳ͵ͻͳͲ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͯͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͪͳͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͳ
ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͅ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͼ;ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ
ͬͳΌͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͊ͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Βͪͬͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ΒͰͻΒͰ;͹΂ͳͷͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ;ͬͰ͵tͺ͹ΒͰͯͰ͸iͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͼͪͷ͹ͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳ
ͬ͹ͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͑ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ
̸͵͹ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͷ͹ͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͫͰͲͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ 3PCFSUTPO
͵ͪ͹ͳ
ͯͪ ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷ ͸ͪͯ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͲͰͷΓͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͳ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ ͯ͹Εͳ ΕͰͷ͹ ͳ ͯ͹
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪͯͪͼͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ
͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͷͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷͺ͹΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ΒͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵͹Β͵;ͭͶͳ ,BSǁJǀ
ͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ
͆ͪΒͺͻͰ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͯͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ
͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͬ͹Βͳͬͪ͹ͯͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͸Ͱ͵ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͪ͵͹Βͳ
ͼͺͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͌ͽ͹ͷͯ;΀; ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͼͰ ͼͶͪͱͰͼ͉ͪ ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸͹ͷ ͵͹Βͳ͵ͪͱͰͯͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͬ͹ͯͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΔ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ͈ͪͻͳͷͰͻͫͳͫͳͶͰ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;
Ͳͪͻͪͯ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪ͸Ͱͯͪ;͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻͰ ͺͪ
ͽͪ͵͹;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͫ;ͽͳ΁ͳͷͪͷ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͻ͵ͳtͲͪͻͪiͳtͷͪ͸ͭ͹i ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͽͻͱ͸ͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪ;
̽;ͫͪͳΒ; ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ͹ͯͰΓ͵Ͱ ͼ ͭͪͻͯͰͻ͹ͫ͹ͷ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͷ Ͳͪ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͋͹
͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͹͸;ͱ͸;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͳͷ;Ͷͽͪ͸;ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ
͵ͪ ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͰ ͪ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳͼͶͪͷ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ
ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͵ͪ͹͹ͽͺ͹ͻͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͰΕͳ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͪͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ,BSǁJǀ

͌ ΂Ͷͪ͸͵; t͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͪi t(MPCBMJTBUJPO 5IFPSZ BOE *TMBNJD
1SBYJTi
͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͷ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹(Global 4PDJFUZ), ̺Ͱͻͽͳͭͪ͸ͼͳ͊ͪͽ͹͸ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͳͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;͹ͫͶͳ͵ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;
͸ͪͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ

343
͇ͯ͸͹ͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰ;ͲͪΒͪͷͪ͸̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͯ͹͵ ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͼͷͰͻ; ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͪͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͼͻͰΕͰ͈ͻͳͷͰͻͳ͵͹Βͳ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͽͪ͵͹
ͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ
̸͵͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͵͹Βͳͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͻͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰ
ͽͪ 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ
Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͫ͹ͻ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͷͽͪΒͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͺͻ;ͱͪͳ͵͹ΒͳͭͪͻͪͼͽͰ
ͻͰΕ;ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸ ͳͶͳ
ͯ͹ͫͪͻͶ͹΃͆ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͸ͪΔ;ͻͰͪͭ;ΒͰͱͰͶͳͷ͹ͯͪͺͻͳ
͵ͪͱͰͷ͹͵ͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͉͹͸ͪͶ͉ͯ͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸͵ͪͱͰ;ͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳ tͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳi 4UFHFS ͼͽͻ
͊͹ͫͲͳ
ͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;͸;ͯͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹ΒͰͷͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸
΁ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵; ;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͳͲͫ͹ͻ;ͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰͯͪ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͷ͹
ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͹͸ͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼ
Ͷ; ͬͪͱ͸ͪ͸ͪͷΒͰͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪtͪͭͰ͸ͼ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͵͹Βͪͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;Ͱͯͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͯͰͶͪͳ
ͺͻͪͬͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͰ̓ͪ͹ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͼͽͪͬͫͶͳͲͪ͵ͼͽͪͬ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͼͰͦ͹ͻΘ̀ͳͷͰͶ(Georg-
Simmel) ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ͯͪ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳͳΒͰͼͽͰͯͰ͹ΔͰ ͯ͹͵ͼͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹͸͹͸ͪΒͰͼ;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ 3JU[FS

́ͷͪΒ;ΕͳͼͬͰ͹ͬ͹;ͬͳͯ; ͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;͸ͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͷͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͱͰ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼ;ͽ͹ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͸ͪͳΕͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ;99*ͬͰ͵; ͳ΃ͽͪ͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͬͳΌͰ͸͹Β͵ͻ͹ͲͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ͹΂ͪͻͰ͈ͻͬͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͽͳ΁ͪΕͰͼͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͲͻͪͲͪ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪstreetart-ͪ – ;Ͷͳ΂͸Ͱ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͪ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͲͳͬ
DBMMJHSBGJUUJ ͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΕͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒ; ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸;;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ΂ͳΒͰΒͰͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹͸ͪ
̀ͪͺͪͯ; ͪ͵͹Βͪ ͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼͽͳͭͶͪͯ͹ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͰ; ͼͬͻ΀;΃ͳͻͰΔͪͼͽͻͪ΀ͪͳ
ͽͰͻ͹ͻͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;ΕͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;͵ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹Β΃ͳͲ͹ͿͻͰ͸ͳΒͳ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͈͇̺̻̺̻͇̀́͋́͆́͆̾͋́͆́͊̈́͊̓̈́̓̈́́̀ͅ͏̸́͠–͈͉͉́̾́ͅ
͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰͻ–͵ͪͶͳͭͻͪͿͳͽͳ
͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ;ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ;ͬͰ͵ͳͷͪͶͪͬͰͶͳ͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;͊ͪͷͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪΒͰ΁Ͱ͹ͳͼͶͪͷ͵ͪ͹
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͺ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͼͬͰͽ͹Β͵ΔͳͲͳ ͳͶͳͺͳͼͷ; – ̓;ͻͪ͸; ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͻͰ΂
͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͫͳͶͪͬͪͱ͸ͪ͊ͬͳͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼ;ͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͪͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸
̓;ͻͪ͸ ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸;ͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵;ͺ͹ͻ;͵; ͽͰͯͪͼ; ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰͼͬͳ΀ͷ;ͼ
Ͷͳͷͪ͸ͪ 4DIJNNFM ;ͬ͹ͯ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ Ͳͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪΒͰͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹t͹Ͷ͹ͬ͵ͪi RBMBN,
ͺ͹ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯͺͻͬͳ΀̸Ͷͪ΀͹ͬͳ΀͵ͻͰͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͪͼ; RBMBN ͳͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͳͲΔͰͭͪ
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͰͲͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳ;ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͬͰͻͰ̸ͻͪͺͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳͳͲͻͪͲͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͳͷͺͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ΕͰ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ
Βͳ 8FMDI ͼͽͻ–

344
͈͌ͪͻͳͲ;ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͽ;͸ͳͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͳͻ͹ΌͰ͸͍ͪ;Ͳͳ̓ͶͰͿͳ(Faouzi Khleefi) ͯͪ͸ͪͼ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͵ͪ͹̾Ͷ͊ͳͯ(el Seed)͇ͯ;ͬͰ͵ΒͰ;ͽ͹΂ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͹;ͼ͵ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔ;ͳ΁ͻͽͪΔ; ͪ͵ͪ͹ͽͳ͸ͰΒΘͰͻ
ͳ;ͳͼ΁ͻͽͪͬͪΔ;Ͳͳͯ͹͈ͬͪͪͻͳͲͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;tͭͻͪͿͳͽͳͻͪΔ;i͌͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͳͷͽͳ͸ͰΒΘͰͻͼ͵ͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ
̾Ͷ͊ͳͯͪͼ;ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͯͪͲͪ͸ͳͷͪΒ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͳ͹ ͳͯͪΒͰͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͳ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪ͹ ̾Ͷ͊ͳͯΒͰͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ͯͪͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪ͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸;ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵;;ͷͰͽ
͸͹ͼͽ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͳ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ ́͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒ; Ͳͪ ͼͬ͹Β ͸ͪͯͳͷͪ͵ ͯ͹ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ ͼͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͳͲ
ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪ͊ͳͯ t-F$JEi– t̻͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻi
͈ΒͰͻͪ̓͹ͻ͸ͰΒͪ ͳͲ97**ͬͰ͵ͪ
̓͹ͷͫͳ͸;Β;Εͳ ͼͬ͹Β; Γ;ͫͪͬ ͺͻͰͷͪ streetart ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͪ ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳΓ;ͫͪͬ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͪͻͪͺͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͪͶͳͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ ͼͽ;ͫ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̾Ͷ ͊ͳͯ ΒͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ͱͳͬͪ΀͸; ͸͹ͬ; ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵; Ϳ͹ͻͷ; ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ
͸ͪͲͬͪ͹͵ͪͶͳͭͻͪͿͳͽͳ¢ͼͽͳͶ͵͹Βͳ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸;ΒͰͭͻͪͿͳͽͰͳ͵ͪͶͳͭͻͪͿͳΒ;͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͳ
Ͳͬ͹ͯͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ͵ͻͪͼͰͲͳͯ͹ͬͰ ͲͭͻͪͯͰ ͷ;ͲͰΒͰ ͭͪͶͰͻͳΒͰͳΘͪͷͳΒͰ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ ͹ͯ
;Ͷͳ΁ͪ̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸ͪͳͳͲͶ͹ͱͫͳ͈ͪͻͳͲͪ ͯ͹͵ͪͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ;͸ͰͶͪͳͷ͹ͯ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ Ͳͪ͵͹Β;ΒͰ̾Ͷ͊ͳͯ
ͻͪͯͳ͹ͯͳͲͪΒ͸΃ͪͶ͹ͬͪͷ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵;ΕͰẗ́;Β̺ͳͽ͹͸i
̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲ͸ͳ̾Ͷ͊ͳͯ͹ͬͻͪͯ– ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳͷ;ͻͪͶͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͹ͼͶͳ͵ͪ͸ ͸ͪ ͷͳ͸ͪͻͰͽ; ΘͪͷͳΒͰ ͦͪͻͪ ; ̾Ͷ ͊ͳͯ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͭͻͪͯ; ̻ͪͫͰͼ ; ͋;͸ͳͼ; ́͸ͼͺͻͳͼͪ͸
ͼͽͳ΀͹ͷ ͳͲ ̓;ͻͪ͸ͪ ͻͪͯ ͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͻͪͼͽ;Ε͹Β ͷ͹Εͳ Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͼͽͪ ͳ ;Ͷͽͻͪ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ
͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͹ͯͽ;͸ͳͼ͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵̸ͪͻͪͺͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͶͰΕͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̾Ͷ͊ͳͯ
͵ͪͱͰͯͪ͹ͬͪΒΔͰͭ͹ͬͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪtͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͭ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱi ΒͰͻ t;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͽͳ ͺͶ͹ͯ͸͹Β ͯͰͫͪͽͳ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ;
͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͳͷͰi͏ͳΓͷ;ͻͪͶͪ͸ͪΘͪͷͳΒͳͫͳ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰΓ;ͯͳ;ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͽͰΒͰ
Ͳͪͽ͹ͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͼͽͳ΀ͳͲͼ;ͻͰt͊͹ͫͰi ͵͹Βͳ͵ͪͱͰt͇Γ;ͯͳ ͅͳͬͪͼ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬΒͰ͵ͪͳΒͰͯ͸ͰͱͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͷ͹ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰͳͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͬͪͼͯͳΒͰͶͳͷ͹ͯͪͫͳͼͽͰͼͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͳi ̓;ͻͪ͸ 13).
̀ͪ̾Ͷ͊ͳͯͪ ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪͶͳͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͳstreetart;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͬͰͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸;ͯͰ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ͫ͹Γ; ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸ͳΒ; ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ
ͽͰͱͳͯͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸;ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͫ͹ΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰt͆ͪͯͪͷͼͰͯͪΕ;ͯ͹ͺͻͰͽͳͯ͹Γ;ͯͳͳͯͪΕͰͽͪΒͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͼ;ͼ
ͻͰͽͳͷͪ͌ͬͰ͵ͼͰ͸ͪͯͪͷͯͪΕ;ͻͪͲͫͳͽͳͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͰͳͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰͼͬͪ͵ͳͺ;ͽ͵ͪͯͪͼͶͳ͵ͪͷi
͠͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ̾Ͷ͊ͳͯ͹ͬͳ΀Ϳͪͼ΁ͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪΒͰͼ;ͳt̺ͻͪͽͪͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰi(DoPSPG1FSDFQ
tion) ;̓ͪͳͻ; ;͵͹ͺͽͼ͵͹Β΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳͪͅ͸΃ͳΒͪͽ͆ͪͼͰͻ͇ͬͪΒͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͺͻͳͷͰͻ
Βͪͬ͸Ͱ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͪͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ;̾ͭͳͺͽ;̓ͪͶͳͭͻͪͿͳͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͳͲͻͰ͵;͵͹ͺͽͼ͵͹ͭͼͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲ
***ͬͰ͵ͪ– ͊ͬͰͽ͹̸ͭͽͪ͸ͪͼͳΒ̸ͪͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹Βͪ͵ͪͱͰt͊ͬͪ͵͹͵͹ͱͰͶͳͯͪͬͳͯͳͼ;͸΂Ͱͬ;ͼͬͰͽ
Ͷ͹ͼͽ ͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͹ͫͻͳͼͪͽͳ ͹΂ͳi ͉ͪͯͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͯ ͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͼͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ
ͫͻ͹Β;Ͳͭͻͪͯͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͽͰͱ;;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͼͪ͹ͫͶͳͱΔͰͭͫͻͯͪ
͹ͬͳͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸͵ͪͶͳͭͻͪͿͳͽ͇͸͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰ͹ͬͪΒ͵ͻͪΒ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͪ͵;ͺΓͪΒ;ͼͷͰΕͰ̓ͪͳͻͪ ͪ̾Ͷ͊ͳͯΒͰ͹ͬͳͷͻͪͯ͹ͷͱͰͶͰ͹

ͅͳ͸ͪͻͰͽͬͳͼ͹͵ͷͰͽͪͻͪ

ͯͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰtͅͳͼͶͳ͹ͼͪͷͯͪͽͳΓ;ͯͳͱͳͬͰ;ͼͷͰΕ; ͪ
͹͸ͯͪͼͪͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͯͪ͹͸ͳͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͱͳͬͰ͹ͯͼͷͰΕͪi
̾Ͷ͊ͳͯ͹ͬͪ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͼͽͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇͸͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͳͼͪͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸ͳͳͲͻͪͲͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͭͻͪͿͳͽͰ
– ͳ ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸;ΒͰ ͳ΀ ͼ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳͲͻͪͲ͹ͷ
ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ – ͵ͪͶͳͭͻͪͿͳΒ͹ͷ
͇͸͹΃ͽ͹͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ ΒͰͼͽͰͺͻͳͷͰͻ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳ
ͬ͸͹ͭ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͪ̾Ͷ͊ͳͯͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͺͻͰͷ͹ͼ
ͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͽ͹ͷͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ
ͯͪΒ;Εͳͯ͹ͫͪͻ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͷͶͪͯͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪ͵ͪ͵͹
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;;ͼͬͻ΀;ͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳ
ΒͰ ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͼͬ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
͍͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ͦͪͷͳΒͪͦͪͻͪ ̻ͪͫͰͼ ͋;͸ͳͼ
͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰͻ–̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸
͇͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ΒͰ ͳͼͺͻͪΕͰ͸ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͬ͹ΌͰ ̸Ͷ ̓ͪͳͯͰ ͳͲ ͊ͪ;ͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ̸ͻͪͫͳΒͰ
͇ͼͪͷͰͫͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳͷ͹͸͹ͼ;Ό;ΒͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳtͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͸ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͪi͊͸ͳͷͪ͵ΒͰͺͶͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
ͯ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹΁ͰΔͰ͸͹ͯͪΕͰͳͷͪͽͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ– ͵ͪͯͪͼ;̸͊̽Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͰ
͵ͪͷͺͪΔ;ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ̸ͪͶ̓ͪͳͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ;̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸;́ͪ͵͹ͼͰ̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͬͻ΀͹ͬ
͸ͳͷ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ͵ͻͳ͹;;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͲͰͷΓͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪͶͳͼ;͹ͺͻͰͷ;ͬͳͼ͹͵ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ
ΒͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͷͪΔͰ͇ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͹͸ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽͪ͸ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͷͪͳͽͰͶͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͷͻͰͱͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͫͳͶͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ 4UFHFS

̀͸ͪͼͰͯͪΒͰ̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸͹ͼ;Όͳͬͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳΒͰͳͺͪ͵ͼͬ͹ΒͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰ
ͬͰͲͳͬͪ͹ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͽ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ, ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͯ͹ ΔͰͭͪ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹
ͺ;ͽͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ̀ͪͺ͇ͪͯͪͼͳͷͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼ͸ͳͷ͵ͪ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ
̸ͶͦͪͲͳͻͪΒͰͼ͸ͳͷͪ͵̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͳ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸
͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪΒͭͶͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͫͰΕͳ
͹ͯΔͰ ͳͯͪͼͪͷͳͪ͸ͽͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͼͽͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͪͶͪͽͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸;ͯͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;͵ͶͪͺͪΒ;Εͳͳ΀;ͼ͹ͺͼ
ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͇ͬ͹ͼͰͬͳͯͳͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;͹ͯͰΕͰ͵͹Β;͸ͪͼ͸ͳͷ͵;͸͹ͼͳ̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸͌
ͺͳͽͪΔ;ΒͰ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͬ͹Β͸Ͱ;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͪͻͪͺͼ͵Ͱ͹ͯͰΕͰ ͼ͵;ͺͪ
ͼͪ Ͷ;͵ͼ;Ͳ͸ͳͷ ͻ;΂͸ͳͷ ͼͪͽ͹ͷ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ tͽͪΒͷͰ͵ͼi (Timex Iron man Triathalon) ͸ͪ
ͲͭͶ͹ͫ;ͯͰͼ͸Ͱͻ;͵Ͱ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ tΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ͹ͯͰΕͪͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
– ͷͰ΃ͪΔͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͳͼͽͳͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͶͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͰͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱi ͳͼͽ͹
͊ͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͬͳͯΓͳͬΒͰͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͯͰ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͳͼͶͪͷ ͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ ͵ͪ͹ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͷ͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵;Β; ͺͻͰͷͪ
͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
͇ͼͪͷͪ ͫͳ͸ ̈́ͪͯͰ͸ ΒͰ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͹ͯ ͺͰͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͻ͹ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͹΁ͪ ͭͻͪΌͰͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͫͳͲ͸ͳͼͷͰ͸ͪ
ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͰͻͪͳͲ͊ͪ;ͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ̸ͻͪͫͳΒͰ͆ͳ͵ͪͯͪͷ;͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶ͹ ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ͈ͪ͹΀ͪΌͪ͹ΒͰ
346
ͯ͹ͫͻͰ ΃͵͹ͶͰ ͳ ͫͳ͹ ͯ͹ͫͪͻ Όͪ͵ ΂ͪ͵ ͹ͯͶͳ΂ͪ͸ ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸͹ͭ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ͺ͹Ͳͬͪ͸ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸;
ͬͰͻͼ͵; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ; ͭͯͰ ͷ; ΒͰ ;ͼͪΌͰ͸ͪ ͵Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͋Ͱ͵ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳ͹
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ͺ͹΂ͰͶͪΒͰͳ͸ͬͪͲͳΒͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ͸̸ͪͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫ͹ͻͫͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ̹ͳ͸
̈́ͪͯͰ͸ͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹͆ͪ͵͹͸΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͰ͵ͪ͹ͽͻͰ͸ͳ͸ͭͲͪͷ;Θͪ΀Ͱͯͳ͸ͪ– NVKBIFEFFO, ͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͬ͹Β͹ͷΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸tͫ͹ͻ΁ͳͷͪͲͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;i('SFFEPNGJHIUFST) ̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸ͼͰ
ͻͪͲ͹΂ͪͻͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͵͹Β;ΒͰͲͪͽͰ͵ͪ͹;͊ͪ;ͯͳΒͼ͵͹Β̸ͻͪͫͳΒͳ͆ͪ͵͹͸̀ͪͶͳͬͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ̸ͪͶ̓ͪͳͯ;͊ͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
́ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͯͪͱͳͬͳ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ;ͳͫͪͬͳͼͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͲͼͺͰ͵ͽͻͪ
͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ ̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸ͪ ͼ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͹͸͸͹ͼͳ ͹ͯͬͰͶͳ;ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸;
ͼͽͻͪ͸;ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͶͪͷͪͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͲͪͻͪͯ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹tͬͳ΃ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͷi̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸͹ͬͼ;ͻ͹ͬͳ͵ͻͪΒ ͼͷͻͽ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͬͰͲͳͬͪͶͪͲͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͻͱΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͶͳ͸ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͳ
͸ͪͷͳ͵ͻ͹͸ͳ͸ͪͷͪ͵ͻ͹͸ͳͬ͹;
̾Ͷ ͊ͳͯ ΒͰ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒ; ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͳͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ
ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͲͪͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳΒͳͳ͸ͪͼͳͶͪ͸ͬͳͯͳͼ͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪͼͬ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͫ͹ͻͫ;Ͳͪtͺͻͪͬ
ͯ;i͇͸ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ;ͷͰͽ͸͹΃Ε;͹΀ͻͪͫͻ;ΒͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ ͻ;΃ͳͲͳͯ͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ;ͳͺ͹͵ͪ
Ͳ;ΒͰͯͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷͪͶͪͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪ
ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ
͈ͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͼͷ͹ͼͰͳͯͰΒ͸͹ͬͰͲͪͶͳͲͪͽͰ͹
ͻͳΒͰͦ͹ͻΘͪ̀ͳͷͰͶͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͰͶͳ͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͯͪͬͪͶͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳͯͪͼ;;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͷͰΔͪΒ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;͵Ͷͳͷ;ͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͰ͋ͪ͵͹ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪͯͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͯͪͼͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͲͪͽͬͪͻͪͺͻͰͯ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃;ΕͳΒͰͳ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ΒͰͭ;ͻͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͯͼͰͫͰ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͳΒͰͯͪ͸
ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ͸ͪ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ; ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
͵͹Βͳ͸;ͯͳͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͳͯͰΒ͸ͳ΀ͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ́Ͳͫ͹ͻ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͹ͷ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹͸͹ͭͪ
΃ͽ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͽͳͱͰͯ͹͸ͪͼ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͳͼ΀͹ͯ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
"INFE " )BTUJOHT %

*TMBN(MPCBMJ[BUJPOBOE1PTUNPEFSOJUZ. -POEPO3PVUMFEHF
Ahmed, A. (2007). +PVSOFZJOUP*TMBN–5IF$SJTJTPGHMPCBlization. Brookings Institution Press.
#BSCFS #
+JIBE74.D8PSME/FX:PSL#BMMBOUJOF#PPLT
Beyer, P., Beaman, L. (2007). 3FMJHJPO (MPCBMJ[BUJPOBOE$VMUVSF. -FJEFO #PTUPO Brill.
#IBCIB )
5IF-PDBUJPOPG$VMUVSF -POEPO3PVUMFEHF
Bunt, G. (2003). *TMBNJOUIF%JHJUBM"HFE+JIBE-POEPO1MVUP1SFTT
347
Cowen, T. (2002). $SFBUJWF%FTUSVDUJPO–)PX(MPCBMJ[BUJPOJT$IBOHJOHUIF8PSMET$VM
UVSFT1SJODFUPO1SJODFUPO6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
'BUIFSTUPOF .
6OEPJOH$VMUVSF–GlobalizatioO 1PTUNPEFSOJTNBOE*EFOUJUZ. London, New
%FMIJ4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
Fatherstone, M. (1990). (MPCBM$VMUVSF–/BUJPOBMJTN (MPCBMJ[BUJPOBOE.PEFSOJUZ-POEPO Thou-
TBOE0BLT/FX%FMIJ4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
Gregg, G. (1996). $VMUVSFBOE*EFOUJUZJOB.VTMJN4PDJety. 0YGPSE0YGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
)BMM 4
2VFTUJPOTPG$VMUVSBM*EFOUJUZ/FX:PSL4"(&
,BSǁJǀ )
Globalisation and Islam in Bosnia, Foreign influences and Their Effect. 3PVUMFEHF
5PUBMJUBSJBO.PWFNFOUTBOE1PMJUJDBM3FMJHJPOT, 11(2
–166.
,SBJEZ .
5IF(MPCBMUIF-PDBMBOEUIF)ZCSJE$SJUJDBM4UVEJFTJO.BTT$PNNVOJDBUJPO,

–476.
Meuleman, J. (2002). *TMBNJOUIF&SBPG(MPCBMJ[BUJPO. -POEPO3PVUMFEHF
Nieuwkerk, K. (2008). Creating an Islamic Cultural Sphere. $POUFNQPSBSZ*TMBN –176.
Ritzer, G. (2010). (MPCBMJ[BUJPO–B#BTJD5FLTU. 0YGPSE#MBDLXFMM
Ritzer,G. (ed.) (2000). 5IF#MBDLXFMM$PNQBOJPOUP.BKPS$MBTTJDBM4PDJBM5IFPSJTUT. 0YGPSE#MBDLXFMM
3PCFSUTPO 3
(MPDBMJ[BUJPO5JNF 4QBDFBOE)PNPHFOFJUZ– )FUFSPHFOFJUZ ;(MPCBM.PEFSOJ
ties, M. Featherstone, S. Lash and R. Robertson (eds). -POEPO4"(&1VCMJDBUJPOT
Roudometof, V. (2003), Glocalisation Space and Modernity. 5IF&VSPQFBO-FHBDZ
37–60.
Schimmel, A. (1990). $BMMJHSBQIZBOE*TMBNJD$VMUVSF. /FX:PSL* B. Tauris.
Steger, M. (2003). (MPCBMJ[BUJPO–"7FSZ4IPSU*OUSPEVDUJPO. 0YGPSE0YGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
Vertigans, S.& Sutton, P. (2002). Globalisation Theory and Islamic Praxis. (MPCBM4PDJFUZ
31–46.
Welch, A. (1980). Islamic Calligraphy – meaning and symbol. 1SPDFTTJOHPG7JTJCMF-BOHVBHF, 13.
́͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ
CNN ͬͳͯͰ͹͹̾Ͷ͊ͳͯ;̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
httpedition.cnn.com/videos/artsel-seed-graffiti-artist-style-orig.cnn
<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 4. >
TED talk ͹̾Ͷ͊ͳͯ; ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸;ͷͪͻͽ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
httpswww.ted.com/talks/el_seed_street_art_with_a_message_of_hope_and_peace <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
10. 4. >
Bangoechea, I. (2016). 5VOJTJBs1JPOFFSJOHt$BMJHSBGJUUJi"SUJTUF-4FFE̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
httpstheculturetrip.com/africa/tunisia/articles/tunisia-s-first-calligraffiti-artist-el-seed-politics-
power-and-paint<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ >
348
̸͇̹̀͠ ̸̸͎̻́̈́́ͣ̽͌͆ͦ́͠Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ– ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
Tarfa, I. (2016). %PPSTPG1FSDFQUJPO$BMJHSBGJUUJPGF-4FFE̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
httpwww.tunisia-live.net/2016/03/30/doors-of-perception-the-calligraffiti-of-el-seed/ <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ
͸͹ 4. >
̺ͳ΃Ͱͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ
͇TBNBCJO-BEFO#JPHSBQIZ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
httpswww.biography.com/people/osama-bin-laden-37172 <ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
ZOJA B. *-*ſ%6)"/%Â*+"
GLOBALIZATION AND GLOCALIZATION ࡳ

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46.."3:
This paper deals with cultural globalization as one of globalization aspects where it is possible to see and
read most clearly the effects of this phenomenon and phenomena which are closely related to it. Dealing
with cultural globalization will lead us to the theory of HMPDBMJ[BUJPO as a process inseparable from globaliza-
tion, because it represents the fusion of different cultures resulting in a kind of cultural hybrid from which it
is possible to read social climate, as well as the state of cultural identity and direction of cultural conscious-
ness of the certain group and society. This paper will focus on Islamic culture and its synergy with global
cultural expressions and processes, especially those coming from the West. The paper will try to show the
result of this encounter through examples of positive and constructive *TMBNJD HMPDBMJ[BUJPO, manifesting
itself through a completely new artistic expression called $BMMJHSBGJUUZ, and through negative and destructive
Islamic glocalization which we can see in YouTube video of Osama bin Laden. The aim of this work is to
show globalization as a source of numerous positive, as well as negative choices and options for
(self)identification, which is opposite from seeing globalization as a qualitative phenomenon expressed
UISPVHIEJDIPUPNZiHPPECBEu*OUIFFOE UIJTQBQFSTVHHFTUTUIBUQFSTPOBMDIPJDFQMBZTBWFSZJNQPSUBOU
role in glocalization outcome whether it is positive or negative.
,&:803%4globalization, glocalization, Islamic culture, Islamic glocalization, cultural identity.
349
339.137.2(497-
316.32
̸̸͇̺͇̺̽͌͑͆̓́ͣ͠ͅ 1
;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͈ͻͪͬ͸ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̸̺͇̺͇̺̽́̽́ͣ͠ͅ
;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͈͹Γ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ̈́Ͱ΃B͵
̸̸̸̸͇͉͇͈͇̻̓͆̓͌̾͆͋͆͊͋̀̾̀̽͆͡ͅ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̹͇̺̻͇̹̈́̓͆͌͌͊̈́́̈́̈́́̀ͅ͏́̾͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓́ͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͳͯ͹ͷͰͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶͳͼ;
͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͸͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃;ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͋͹͸͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ͷ͸͹ͭͰͯ͹ͽBͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪͶͳΒͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ͯ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͳͲͰͷͪΓͪͺ͹ͺͻͳͷͳ͹ΒͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͪ͸͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͌ͻͪͯ;ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͹͵ͻͰ
ͽͪΔ;ͬͳͼͳ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͿ͹ͻ;ͷͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–2016.
ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰPPͲͫͳΓ͸PͷͲBPͼͽBKBΔ;ͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ͸FͼBͷPͲB͸BK͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸ͳKͳͷͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪͷͪ
;ͼͬͰͽ;ͬFΕͳͲB͊ͶPͬF͸ͳKPͷ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͯͰͶ͹ͷͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͫͶ͹͵; ͪ͹ͯ
΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ͊ͪͼͬͳͷΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͯͪ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ͸Ͱ;΂ͳ͸ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͳͲͪ͹͵ͻͰͽ;ͳͼͺ͹Γͪ
ͬͪΔ;͹ͬͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͼͷͪΔͳͽͳͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͲͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͷͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ͇ͬ͹ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͳͲͫ͹ͭ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͯͪͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹Εͪ;ͶͪͲͳ;͸͹ͬͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͳ
ͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͽͲͬ΂ͰͽͬͻͽͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ
́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ͹͵ͻͳͲͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͼ͸ͪͭͰͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΕͰͼͬͰΒͪ΂Ͱ͸ͪͭ;ͫΓͰΔͰͼͽͪͻͳ΀ ͪ
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͬͪͶ͹ͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ;ͳ͸͹
ͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹;ͼͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͲ͸ͪΔͪ
̓͌͐͆͡& ͉&͐́ ͭͶPͫBͶͳͲB΁ͳKB ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽ ͲFͷBΓB ͲFͷΓF ̀BͺBͯ͸Pͭ ̹BͶ͵B͸B ͭͶPͫBͶ͸ͳ
ͳ͸ͯF͵ͼ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ ͊ͻͫͳKB.
1
dusanka.jovovic@pr.ac.rs

͇̺͇̺́ͣ͠ ͇̺͇̺́ͣ͠ ̓͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̺͌0̽͆&͆"͈0ͅ&͆&
͈P΂Fͽ͵PͷPͼBͷͯFͼFͽͳ΀ͭPͯͳ͸BͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ΒͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
ͽͳ͹͸BͼͽB͸͵;͸PͬFͷFΌ;͸BͻPͯ͸FͺPͯFͶFͻBͯB ;΂ͳΒ͹ΒͼͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͬͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͪͭͶPͫBͶͳ
ͲB΁ͳKͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͆ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵;ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒ;ͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ
΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳPKFͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ; ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳͺͶͪͼͷͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͻ͹ͫͪͯ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹͸ͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹Β͹Β
ͽͪ΂͵ͳͲͰͷΓͳ͸Ͱ͵;ͭͶͰ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͫͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ ͈͹͵ͻͪΒͪ΁ ͼͽͻ

̓Γ;΂͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͫͳͶͰͼ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͪΒͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪͺͳ
ͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ ̸͊̽ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ
ͬ͹ͯͰΕͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪͳͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹
ͯ͸ͳ ͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸ͳ Ϳ͹͸ͯ
ͳ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͵ͪ͹ ͳ
͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͠͹ͬ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͼͺ͹ͻͪ͸ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͈͹ͻͽͰͻ ͼͽͻ
t͋Ͱ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ΒͰ
ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͳΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹;͹΂ͳͽͳͯͪͼͰͼͬͰͽ͵ͻͰΕͰ͵ͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ
; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪ ͋Ͱ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͺͻͳͫͪͬΓͳͬ
ͼͬ;ͯͪi ͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̻ͶPͫBͶͳͲB΁ͳKB ͺPͼͶPͬBΔB ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ;͵ͶͪΔͪΔͰ F͵P͸Pͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͭͻB͸ͳ΁Bͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
;ͲͳͼͽPͬͻFͷF͸ͻBͼͽͷFΌ;͸BͻPͯ͸FͻBͲͷF͸FͳͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒ;ͽͻB͸ͼ͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽFͻB͵΁ͳKB̻ͶPͫa-
ͶͳͲB΁ͳKBKFPͷPͭ;ΕͳͶͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͳͷͪͳͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͯBͼͬPKF B͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽͳ͵PPͻͯͳ͸ͳͻBK;
΃ͳͻPͷͼͬFͽB KFͯ͸PͼͽBͬ͸Pͳ;Ͳ͸ͳͱFͽͻP΃͵PͬF͇͸ͪ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳPͻBͼͽ;ΕPK
ͷFΌ;ͲBͬͳͼ͸PͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;̽PͭBΌBKͳ;KFͯ͸PKͲFͷΓͳͼͬͰͼ;ͺPͬFͲB͸ͳΒͳͼBͲͫͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ;ͯͻ;
ͭͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ΃ͳͻPͷͼͬFͽB
̹ͻ͹Β͸Ͱͼ;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ
͸; ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; Ϳͳ͸B͸ͼͳKͼ͵Pͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͿͶF͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͶP͵BͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻPͳͲͬPͯ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ
;͵ͳͯBΔFͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻFͭ;ͶBͽͳͬB ͳͽͯ͆B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸FF͵P͸PͷͳKFͼ;ͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰPͽͬPͻͳͶͰ
ͺͻFͷBͼͬFͽͼ͵Pͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͅP͸FͽBͻ͸ͪͳͿͳͼ͵BͶ͸ͪͺPͶͳͽͳ͵ͪΒͰ;ͼͬͰͳͲͻͪͲͳͽͳΒͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ
ͯͪ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͹ͫͪͻͪΔͪͳ͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͯ;ͭͪ
̾͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒ͹ͷͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͫPͭBͽFͲFͷΓF;ͶBͱ;;ͷBΔFͻBͲͬͳKF͸FͳͽB͵P
ͼFͫͳPͽͬBͻBK;͸PͬBͽͻͱͳ΃ͽB ͺͻP͸BͶBͲFKFͿͽͳ͸;ͻBͯ͸;ͼ͸Bͭ;ͳ͵PͻͳͼͽFͽF΀͸ͳ͵FͺͻͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ
͸Ͱͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͬPΓ͸͹ͻͪ΂;͸ͪ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͋ͻFͫBͺPͼFͫ͸P͸BͺPͷF͸;ͽͳͯBPͬF͵Pͷͺa-
͸ͳKFPͼͽͬBͻF͸ͳͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͽͻͪ͸ͼͿͰͻͳ΃;;ͲFͷΓ;ͷͪͽͳ΁; ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ
ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͼͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ ͲͰͷΓͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͷ͹Εͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵͹ͺͻͰͷͪ΃;
ΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸ͼͽͫͻ;ͽ͹ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͭͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪͳͯͻͱͪͬͪͯͪͶͰ͵͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ;ͻͪͯ;
ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͸Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ ̹͹ͼ͸ͪ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͳ
͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪ

̓P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸PͼͽKF΁F͸ͽͻBͶ͸BͺͻFP͵;ͺB΁ͳKB͵B͵PͻBͲͬͳKF͸ͳ΀ ͽB͵PͳͲFͷBΓB;ͻBͲͬPK;;ͼͬF
PͽͬPͻF͸ͳKPK ͳ ͳ͸ͽFͭͻͳͼB͸ͳKPK ͼͬFͽͼ͵PK F͵P͸PͷͳKͳ ͈ͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ ͼ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷ ͭͶPͫBͶͳͲB΁ͳKͰ ͵P͸
΁Fͺͽ ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ ͺPͼͽBKF ͯPͷͳ͸B͸ͽB͸ ; F͵P͸Pͷͼ͵PK ͽFPͻͳKͳ ͳ ͺͻB͵ͼͳ ̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͵PKF ͼ;
ͺͻBͬPͬͻFͷF͸P ͻBͲ;ͷFͶF ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ ͺP΃ͶP KF ͲB ͻ;͵Pͷ ͯB ;

ͻFͶBͽͳͬ͸P͵ͻBͽ͵PͷͬͻFͷF͸ͼ͵͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͪͶ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹͹Βͪ΂ͪΒ; ͺPͬFΕBK;ͳ͸ͬFͼͽͳ΁ͳKFͳͳͲͬPͲͳ
ͺPͼͽBͬFͼͽBͫͳͶ͸;Pͼ͸Pͬ;ͲBͯ;ͭPͻP΂͸ͳF͵P͸Pͷͼ͵ͳͻBͼͽ̓P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸PͼͽKF͸BͻP΂ͳͽPͲ͸B΂BK͸BͲB
ͷBͶFͲFͷΓF ͵PKFͼ;ͲͫPͭ͸FͯPͼͽBͽ͵BͻFͼ;ͻͼBͳͳͶͳͼͻFͯͼͽBͬBͲBͻBͲͬPK΂FͼͽP;ͺ;ΕF͸F͸BͭͶPͫBͶ͸B
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽB ͪͅ͸ͯͪͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌ͽFPͻͳKͳͼFͼͻFΕ;͵ͻBKΔFͼ;ͺͻPͽͼͽBͬΓͰ͸ͳͼͽBͬPͬͳ;ͬͰͲͳͼͪͼBͯͻͱBK͸ͳͷ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͹ͷ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹
ͻͳΒͰ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷ ; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂ͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͹ͯ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͰΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͳͬP͸B͵PΒͰͷͼFͼBͭͶFͯBͬB͹ͬͪΒͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͌ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ;
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳͼͰͺͻͪͬͳͯͳͼͽͳ͸͵΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪͷͳ͵ͻPF͵P͸Pͷͼ͵ͰͳͷB͵ͻPF͵P͸Pͷͼ͵Ͱ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸
ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ̓Γ;΂͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸PͼͽͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ͹ͯ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹
ͼͽͳͲͰͷΓͰΒͰͼͽͰͷFͼͽP͹ͬͳ΀Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͼͽͬBͻBΔ;F͵P͸Pͷͼ͵FͬͻFͯ͸Pͼͽͳ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͆ͪͳͷͰ ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͳͷͪͽͳ͸ͪ;ͷ;ͯͪͰ͵P͸Pͷͼ͵FͬͻFͯ͸PͼͽͳͼͽͬBͻBK;ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬPͿͳͻͷF BͯͪͯͻͱBͬBͷPͱF͵ͻͰͳͻͪͽͳ
ͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ͵PKͳͺPͯͻͱBͬBͳͶͳPͷFͽBB͵ͽͳͬ͸PͼͽͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ;ͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
́ͲͪͲ͹ͬͳ ͳ ͯ͹ͷͰͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͳ΃; ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ
͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳ͋͹͸͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰΒͰ
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ ͷ͸͹ͭͰ ͸͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ ͯ͹ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ
ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ
;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͳ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͺ͹ͺͻͳͷͳ͹ ΒͰ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͪ͸ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͸͹ͬͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͳͭͻͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͪͬͪͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͬͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ͸ͳͬ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͋ͪ͸͹ͬͪ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͳͭͻͰͼ;;ͼ͵͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ
͸͹ͷͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷͲ͸ͪΔͪ 4DIXab, 2016).
͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹
ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ͏ͳΓΒͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͺͰͽͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͪͭͶͪͼͳ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸͹ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͪ ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ;
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
͉ͪͯͳͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ;͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔ;ͿͰ͸͹
ͷͰ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͼ;ͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͿ͹ͻ;ͷͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷͳ΀΃Ͱͼ͸ͪͰͼͽͭ͹ͯͳ
͸ͪ;99*ͬͰ͵;
͈͹ͻͰͯ;ͬ͹ͯͪ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪͳͼͺͳͼ͵ͪ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͰͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ͻͪͯͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ΁ͰͶͳ͸Ͱ͌
ͺͻͬ͹ΒΒͰ ;΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͼͬͻͽ͸ͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷΓͰ͌ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼ;ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ ͵͹΁Ͱͺͽͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͊ͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͽͻͰΕͰ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ
ͽͻͳ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͸ͪͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ̓͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ;΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ͹ΒͼͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ
͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͹ͼͽͳͺͰͽͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ


͇̓͆͏͈͇͉͇̾͋̓͆̓͌̾͆͋͆͊͋́̀̾̾͡ͅ
̓P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸PͼͽPͲ͸B΂BͬBͼͺPͼPͫ͸PͼͽͺPKFͯͳ͸΁B ͵PͷͺB͸ͳKB ͶP͵BͶ͸ͳ΀ͲBKFͯ͸ͳ΁B ͵ͶBͼͽFͻB
͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻͱBͬB ͳ ͻFͭͳP͸B ͯB ͼF ͽB͵ͷͳ΂F ͳ ͫ;ͯ; ͫPΓͳ ͳ͸PͬBͽͳͬ͸ͳKͳ ͳ ͵ͻFBͽͳͬ͸ͳKͳ Pͯ
PͼͽBͶͳ΀ B͵ͽFͻB ͸B ͶP͵BͶ͸Pͷ ͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸Pͷ ͻFͭͳP͸BͶ͸Pͷ ͳ ͭͶPͫBͶ͸Pͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ; ͼͽͬBͻBΔ;
ͯPͯBͽFͬͻFͯ͸Pͼͽͳ %SBHJǁFWJǀ ͼͽͻ
͊ͬFͽͼ͵ͳF͵P͸Pͷͼ͵ͳͿPͻ;ͷ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒ;͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ
͸Pͼͽͳ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ͵BPͼ͵;ͺͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳKB ͺPͶͳͽͳ͵BͳͿB͵ͽPͻB͵PKͳPͯͻFΌ;K;͸ͳͬPͺͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼ
ͽͳͲFͷΓF̺FͶͳ΂ͳ͸BͺͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽͳ ͼBͼͬPKFͼͽͻB͸F ͺͻFͯͼͽBͬΓBPͯͻͱͳͬͳ͸ͳͬPͺͻPͼͺFͻͳͽFͽB
͵PKͳKFͯ͸BF͵P͸PͷͳKBͷPͱFͯBͯPͼͽͳͭ͸F 4DIXBC
̀FͷΓB KF͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸BtB͵PΔF͸P
ͼͽB͸Pͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬPͷPͱFͯB;ͱͳͬBͬͳͼP͵ͳͳͻBͼͽ;ΕͳͼͽB͸ͯBͻͯͱͳͬPͽB ͵BPͳͯͪͳͷͪͬͳͼP͵;ͲBͺPͼͶe-
͸Pͼͽ͸BPͯͻͱͳͬPKPͼ͸Pͬͳ͈ͻF΁ͳͲ͸ͳKF ͸ͳͬPͺͻͳͬͻFͯ͸FB͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽͳ͸FͫͳͽͻFͫBͶPͯBͺͻP;ͲͻP͵;
KF͸FPͯͻͱͳͬPͼͽͻBͬ͸PͽFͱFͺͻͳͬͻFͯF ͸ͳͽͳͫͳͽͻFͫBͶPͯBͯPͬFͯF;ͺͳͽBΔFͫͶBͭPͼͽBΔFͫ;ͯ;Εͳ΀
ͭF͸FͻB΁ͳKBi 4DIXBC
͈PͯͳͲBΔF ͸ͳͬPB ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸΁ͳKF ͳͲͷFΌ; ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳ΀ ;΂Fͼ͸ͳ͵B
ͺ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͯPͬPͯͳͯP;͸BͺͻFΌFΔB͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸PͼͽͳͲFͷΓF
͈PͼͶFͯΔͳ΀ ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ ͭPͯͳ͸B ͬBͱ͸Pͼͽ ͵P͸΁FͺͽB ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ KF Ͳ͸B΂BK͸P ͺPͻBͼͶB ;
ͭͶPͫBͶ͸ͳͷͻBͲͷFͻBͷB͋PKFͶPͭͳ΂͸P͵BͯBͼFͲ͸BͯBͼ;ͺPͼͶFͯͳ΁F͵PKFͺͻBͽF͵ͻFͽBΔF͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ
͸PͼͽͳͫͳͬBͶFFͷͺͳͻͳKͼ͵ͳͼͬFͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͰͳͽFPͻFͽͼ͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ %SBHJǁFWJǀ ͼͽͻ

̓P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽ KFͯ͸F ͲFͷΓF ͯͳͻF͵ͽ͸P KF ͲBͬͳͼ͸B Pͯ ͺͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽͳ ͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ ͬͻFͯ͸P΃Ε;
ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪͺͻPͳͲͬFͯF͸ͳ΀ͺPKFͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ;ͯͼ͵PͭͻBͯB͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͈ͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸PͼͽͲBͬͳͼͳ
͵B͵PPͯͬͻFͯ͸Pͼͽͳͻ͹ͫͪͳ;ͼͶ;ͭBͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͷFͻF͸Ͱ΁F͸BͷB͸BͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;
ͽB͵P ͳ Pͯ FͿͳ͵Bͼ͸Pͼͽͳ ͺͻP΁FͼB ͺͻPͳͲͬPͯΔF ͌ͺͻ͵Pͼ ͺPͽͬͻΌF͸PK ͬBͱ͸Pͼͽͳ
͵P͸΁Fͺͽ ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ ͳ ͯBΓF KF ͺͻFͯͷFͽ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
Ͱ͵ͼͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β͸ͪ;΁ͳ
͈Pͯ͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸Pͷ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽͼ͵PͷͺͻFͯ͸P΃Ε;ͺPͯͻBͲ;ͷFͬBͼFͼͺPͼPͫ͸PͼͽPͯͻFΌF͸FͯͻͱBͬF
ͯBͺͻPͳͲͬPͯͳͳ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͬͪͶ͹ͻͳͲ;ΒͰͯ͹ͫͻͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;͸B͸B΂ͳ͸͵PKͳͲͪͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ
ͳͷͪ ͻͪͼͽ;Εͳ ͱͳͬPͽ͸ͳ ͼͽB͸ͯBͻͯ ͼͽB͸Pͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬB ̓P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸B ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͻͪͼͽ
ͱͳͬPͽ͸PͭͼͽB͸ͯBͻͯBͽͰͷͰΓͳ͸BͺPͬFΕBΔ;ͺͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽͳ B͸F͸Bͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪͳ
F͵P͸Pͷͼ͵͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͰͿͰ͵ͽͳ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͻ͹΂͸͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ͆BK΂F΃ΕFͼF͵BPͲ͸B΂BK͸ͳͿB͵
ͽPͻͳ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ͸BͬPͯF͵PͷͺFͽF͸ͽ͸PͼͽͷB͵ͻPͷF͸BΘͷF͸ͽB ͵ͬBͶͳͽFͽͻBͲͬPK͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ
ͺPͲ͸BͬBΔF͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͿB͵ͽPͻB;ͼͺF΀B;ͷFΌ;͸BͻPͯ͸PKF͵P͸PͷͳKͳ
̓P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͼͰ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͸ͪͼͶͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͵͹Kͪ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ΔͰ͸;
ͺͻͳͬͻFͯ;̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͽͰͽͲͰͷΓͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͯB
͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ;ͬͰΕͪΔͪͺͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽͳ͵ͻFͳͻBF͵P͸Pͷͼ͵PͫͶBͭPͼͽBΔFͲͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͪ
͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͈ͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸PͼͽͻBͼͽF͵B͵P͵PͷͺB͸ͳKB;͸BͺͻFΌ;KFPͺFͻBͽͳͬ͸;FͿͳ͵Bͼ͸Pͼͽͼͬ͹Βͳ΀B͵ͽͳ
ͬ͸PͼͽͳͳͶͳͺPͼͽBKFͫͶͳͱBͭͶPͫBͶ͸P͸BKͫPΓͳͷͺͻB͵ͼBͷB ͪͅ͸ͯͪͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̹ͻ͹Β͸ͪ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͪͺ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;F͵P͸Pͷͼ͵PK͸ͪ;΁ͳͯ͹ͫͻͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͼ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸F;ͲͳͷB;PͫͲͳͻ͸ͳ͵B͵ͬBPͭͻa-
͸ͳ΂FΔB ̓P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽ ͼͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͷͪ ͻBͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͸ͳͬPͳͷB

ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔ͈ͪͻͳͽ͹ͷͽͻͰͫͪͳͷͪͽͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪͺͻͬ͹ͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;PͯͻFΌͳͬBΔ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸F
ͳͷBͯͳ͸Bͷͳ͵B ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͬͳ΃Ͱͼ
ͽͻ;͵͹ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪͶͪ
͌ͼͶFͯͳͲ;ͲFͽ͸FͼͶPͱF͸PͼͽͳͿF͸PͷF͸B ͼͬB͵BΔFͭPͬBͽFPͻFͽͼ͵BB͸BͶͳͲBKFͺPͬFͲB͸BͼͬFͶͳ
͵ͳͷͺ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰΔͳͷͪ͆BͳͷF ͼBͷPͼFͷBΔͳͫͻPKͻBͲͶͳ͵BͷFΌ;ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪͷͪ͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ
͸PͼͽͳͲFͷBΓBͷPͭ;;ͲFͽͳ;PͫͲͳͻͺͻͳͶͳ͵PͷͳͼͽͻBͱͳͬBΔBΔͰ͸ͳ΀͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ͆BK΂F΃ΕF
ͼBͭͶFͯBͬB͸Fͯͳͼͽͳ͸͵΁ͳKF;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔ;;ͲͻP͵B͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸PͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪͶFͱF;͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͺP͸;
ͯͳ ͿB͵ͽPͻB ͺͻPͳͲͬPͯΔF ͻBͲͶͳ΂ͳͽP ͯPͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳͷ ͽF΀͸PͶPͭͳKBͷB ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷ ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͪΔ;
Ͱ͵ͼͽͰͻ͸ͳ΀ ͰͿͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΓͰ
͍F͸PͷF͸͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪͽͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳ
ΒͰͶ͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͼͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͳ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͳͼ΀͹ͯͪ͐ͪ͵ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸͹ͷͻͰͽͻ͹ͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ͹;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔ;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸
ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷΓͰͲͪͺͪͱͪͼͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;ͳͼ΀͹ͯͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ
̓P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽ KF ͼͺPͼPͫ͸Pͼͽ ͲFͷΓF ͯB ; ;ͼͶPͬͳͷB ͭͶPͫBͶͳͲB΁ͳKF Pͼͳͭ;ͻB Pͯͻͱͳͬͳ ͻBͼͽ
ͺͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽͳ ͲBͺPͼͶF͸Pͼͽͳͳ͵ͬBͶͳͽFͽͱͳͬPͽB͌ͼBͷFͽFͷFΓF͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ;ͭͻBΌF͸ͳͼ;
PͫͻBͲPͬBΔF ͺͻFͯ;ͲFͽ͸ͳ΂͵P P͵ͻ;ͱFΔF ͵ͬBͶͳͽFͽ ͺPͼͶPͬ͸Pͭ ͼF͵ͽPͻB ͵BP ͳ ͳ͸ͿͻBͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻB ͳ
P͵ͻ;ͱFΔF͇ͬͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;ΕͰͯͰͶ;Β;͸ͪ;ͬͰΕͪΔͰͺͻPͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Pͼͽͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͬPͲB FͿͳ
͵Bͼ͸Pͼͽͳ;ͶBͭBΔBͳ;ͲͽͻP΃͵Pͬ͸;FͿͳ͵Bͼ͸PͼͽPͷPͭ;Ε;K;PͯͻͱͳͬͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͻͪͼͽͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪ
͸ͳͬ͹;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͯͪΒͰ͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺPͼͽͳͲBΔF͸B΁ͳ
P͸BͶ͸F͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳ;ͼͺF΀ͺͻFͯ;ͲFΕB ͼͶͳ͵ͪ

͊Ͷͳ͵B ͈ͳͻBͷͳͯB͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ2
1JDUVSF Pyramid of competitiveness
͇͉͇͇̺͇͋̾́͊̓̾͊͆̾̓͆͠͏̸͈͇͉͇̾͋̓͆̓͌̾͆͋͆͊͋́̀̾̾͡ͅ
͏ͳΓ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͲͰͷΓͰ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͪ t͌ ͽ͹ͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ; Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸͹ͬ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͬͰΕͺ͹ͷͪͱͰͰ͵͹͸Pͷͼ͵ͳͷͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͯͪͼͰ
2
́ͲͬoͻGodišnje izvjeØǀe o konkurentnosti )SWBUTLF
ZagrebNacionalno vijeǀe za konkurentnost. Sve-
zak 2 8.4PVSDF"OOVBMSFQPSUPODPNQFUJUJWFOFTTPG$SPBUJB
;BHSFCNational Competitiveness Council,
Volume 2, p. 8.

͹͸ͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ ΒͰͼͽͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
΂ͳͷͰ ͼͰ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ Βͪ΂ͪΔ; ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ;
΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳi ̈́ͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͠͹΃͹ͯ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳKͰ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͶͳΔͰ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͼ;ͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪΔͪͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͳͼͽͪ ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸Ͱ ΃͵͹ͶͰ ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳKͰ ͵͹Kͪ KͰ ͼ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪKͪͶͪ ͳͷͪͶͪ KͰ ͼͬ͹K
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͬ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ͵;͈͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀΃͵͹ͶͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳKͰB
͵Ͷͪͼͳ
΂͸ͪͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͫ
͸Ͱ͹͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͪͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͬ
͵ͰK͸ͼͳKͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͭ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͺͻͳͬͻFͯ͸PͭͻͪͲͬ͹Kͪͯ

ͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͰ͸ͯ͹ͭͰ͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪͳΌ
͸͹ͬͪͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ̺;͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̓ͶBͼͳ΂Bͻͳͼ;ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳͯͪͼͺͰ΁ͳKͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳKͪͳͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͻͪͯͪ͵BP͵Γ;΂͸FͺͻFͽͺPͼͽBͬ͵FF͵P͸o-
ͷͳKFPͫͳͷB͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ; ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͌ͶBͭBΔB; ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ͵BͺͳͽBͶͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ
ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͬͪͼͺͰ΁ͳKͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳK;ͳͺ͹ͬFΕBͬB ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͼͽ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ
͊Fͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͻͪͼͽͼͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͳ΃ͰͳͲͫ͹ͭͬͰΕͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͪ;ͽͺ;ͽͪ ΃ͽ͹͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͯͪΓ;ͺ͹ͯͰͶ;ͻͪͯͪͳ
ͼͺͰ΁ͳKͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳK; ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͊ͷͳͽPͬ͹K ͽͰ͹ͻͳKͳ ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͪ;ͽͪͻ͵ͳK;ͼ;ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪKͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸ͳKͪ
͹ͯͪ;ͽͪͻ͵ͳKͰ ,JUTPO .BSUJO 5ZMFS ͼͽͻ–999).
͆Ͱ͹͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸;ͳͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷtͷ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͷͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹
ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳΒͪi͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯͺͻͰͷͳͼͰͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Β͹Βͼ;ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͳͼͽͰ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;Β;ͯͪ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ
͸ͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;;ͼͶͰͯͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹Βͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ͉ͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͪͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͯͰͶ;ΒͰ͸ͪͲͰͷΓ;ͯͪͼͰͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪͭͯͰ
ͼͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͶͳͻͪͯ
ͽΒͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͵͹ΒͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͬͳ΃Ͱͻͪͼ
ͺ͹ͶͪͱͰ̀ͰͷΓͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͪͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͷͻͪͯͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳΕͰͳͳͲͬ͹ͲͳΕͰͻͪͯ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͪͯ͹ͫͻͪ ͪ;ͬ͹
ͲͳΕͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͪͯ͹ͫͻͪ͊;ͺͻ͹ͽͪ͸ΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷͪͱ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͹ͷ
,JUTPO .BSUJO 5ZMFS ͼͽͻ–999).
̓ͰK͸ͼͳKͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͳͻͪͯͪ͵ͪ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ͌ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵͹-ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ΃͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵ͰK͸ͼͳKͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳKͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͪ͸ͪ
ͶͳͲͪͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͰͪͭͻͰͭͪͽ͸ͰͽͻͪͱΔͰͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ ͸ͪ͵͹K;;ͽͳ΂;ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳKͰͳͺ͹ͽ
ͻ͹΃Δ͈ͪͻͰͷͪ͵ͰK͸ͼͳKͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͶ; ͻͪͼͽ͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸FͺͻPͳͲͬPͯΔFͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͹ͯ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͶͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͪͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪͳͳͲͬ͹Ͳ͸ͰͽͻͪͱΔͰ̽͹ͷͪΕͪͺ͹ͽ
ͻ͹΃Δͪͳͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳKͰͲͪͬͳͼͰ͹ͯͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ͵͹KͳͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;KͰͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͳͲͬ͹Ͳͪ
͈ͻͰͷͪͽͰ͹ͻͳKͳͿͪͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹Kͪ ͺͻͰͶͪͲ͹ͯ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͹ͺͳ
ͼͪͽͳ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͼͰͻͳΒͰ ͿͪͲͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͺͻ͹Εͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪ;ͲͶͰͽ ͺ;ͽ͵ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͯ͹ͫͪͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰ͊ͬͪ͵ͪͿͪͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹Kͪͳͷͪͼͬ͹KͰ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͰͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͵͹Kͳͷ͹ͻͪK;ͫͳͽͳͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸ͳͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ
ͭ͸Ͱͬͳ΃ͳ͸ͳͬ͹t̓Γ;΂͸ͪͰͽͪͺͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪΒͰͿͪͲͪ;ͲͶͰͽͪ ͵͹Β;ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͳ΃Ͱͺͻ͹ͺ;ͶͲͳͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͻͪͼͽͪ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ̹ͪͻͲͻͪͼͽͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͳͲͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ
͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͷͪΔͰ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰi ͏ͬͰͽͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͅͶͪͯͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹KͽͰ͹ͻͳKͳ ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͹ͼͶͪΔͪͷ͹ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͻͪͲͬ͹K͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͷ͹ͭ;Έͪ͵͹KͰ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͯ͹ͼͽͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͪKͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ;ͭͰ͸ͰͲͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ

ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Kͪ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͳͼͽͳ΂;Εͳͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͻͪΔͪ ;ͭͰ͸ͰͻͳͼͪΔ; ͼͽ͹ͺͰ ͻͪͼͽͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹K ̽ͻͪͭ;ͽͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ
͍ͳͶͳͺ͹ͬͳΕ ͏ͬͰͽͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͋Ͱ͹ͻͳKͪ Ͱ͸ͯ͹ͭͰ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͼͽͪ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͯͪ KͰ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹K Ͱ͸ͯ͹ͭͰ͸ ͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͬͪK ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
́͸͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͳͼͪΔͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͳͼͪΔͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ; ͽͰ͹ͻͳK; ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͼͽͪ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ ΒͰ ͹ͯͶͳ͵ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬ΁ͪ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁ͳ
Ͱ͸ͯ͹ͭͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͪͻͪͼͽͪ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͺͻͬ͹ͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒB͵ͽͳͬ͸F;ͶPͭFͯͻͱBͬF;ͺͻPͷPͬͳͼa-
Δ;F͵P͸Pͷͼ͵PͭͻBͼͽBͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͯͳͻF͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͳͳ͸ͯͳͻF͵ͽ͸ͳ΀;ͶBͭBΔB;ͼͽͬBͻBΔFΓ;ͯͼ͵Pͭ͵Bͺͳ
ͽBͶBͳͺPͯͼͽͳ΁BΔFͼͽͻB͸PͭͺͻͳͬBͽ͸Pͭ;ͶBͭBΔB;ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳKFͳ͸ͽF͸Ͳͳͬ͸FͲ͸BΔFͷ&͸ͯPͭF͸BPͫKa-
΃ΔFΔB͸BͼͽPKF ͯBPͽ͵ͻͳK;͸B΂ͳ͸͸B͵PKͳͽͻͱͳ΃͸FͼͳͶFͳͻBͲͶͳ΂ͳͽBͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳP͸BͶ͸BͻF΃FΔB
ͯͰͶ;Β;͸BPͫͶͳ͵PͬBΔFF͵P͸Pͷͼ͵Fͯͳ͸Bͷͳ͵F ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺP͵;΃BͬBK;ͯBPͫKBͼ͸F͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ;ͲͻP͵FͻͪͲ
ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͯͳͬͰͻͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͻͳͬͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ 5PEBSP 4NJUI ͼͽͻ
.
͆͹ͬͪͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯ ͼͽͪͬͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͼ; ͻͪͼͽ;Εͳ ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͷ͹ͽͳͬ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ΂ͪ͵ͳ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹KͪΔͪ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͬͪͽͰ͹ͻͳKͪ͹ͯͫͪ΁;ΒͰ͵͹͸
ͬͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͫKͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹΃Ε; ; ͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͳ ̓͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ ͹͸ͪ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸; ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹͵ͶͪΔͪ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ; ͻͪͯ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͻͪͼͽ;ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳKͪͷͪͪͭͶ͹ͷͰͻͪ΁ͳKͰ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͵ͪ͹
ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳKͪͷͪ ,JUTPO .BSUJO 5ZMFS ͼͽͻ–999).
̸͉͇̻͇͉͇̾͋́̓̽͊͋́͆͌͋̾̓͆̓͌̾͆͋͆͊͋́̀̾̾͡ͅͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͸͹ͬͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͳͭͻͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͪͬͪͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͺͻͳ
ͼͽ;ͺͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͬͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ͸ͳͬ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͋ͪ
͸͹ͬͪ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͳͭͻͰ ͼ; ;ͼ͵͹ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪ ͼͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͼͪ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸͹ͷͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͳ͸΁ͳͯͳͻͪͼͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͋ͻͳͼͰ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͸ͪͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ;ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔ;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͋͹
ͼ;ͪ
ͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͶͪ͵͹ΕͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͫ
ͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪͲͪͷͰ͸ͪΘ
ͷͰ͸ͽͳͬ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͿ͹ͻ;ͷͪ
ͪ
̓͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͸ͳͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͶB͵PΕͰͺPͼͶPͬBΔB͵ͻͰͳͻͪͶͪΒͰ͊ͬFͽͼ͵ͪͫB͸͵ͪͭPͯͳ͸F͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
΁ͳΓ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻ;ͱͪΔͰ PͫKF͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͻFͭ;ͶBͽPͻ͸Pͭ BͷͫͳKF͸ͽB Ͳͪ ͺPͼͶPͬBΔͰ
ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͳ ͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͽP͵͹ͷ Δͳ΀PͬPͭ ͱͳͬPͽ͸Pͭ ΁ͳ͵Ͷ;ͼB ͌͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͺͻPͺͳͼͳ ͳ
ͺͻP΁Fͯ;ͻFKFͯ͸PͼͽBͬ͸ͳKͳ ͽPKFͶB͵΃FͲBͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͺͻFͯ;ͲFͽ͸ͳ͵FͯBͺPͼͶ;K;̾Ϳͳ
͵ͪͼ͸Ͱ ͻFͭ;ͶBͽPͻ͸Fͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳKF͵PKF ͼ;;ͼͷFͻF͸F͸B ͺPͽͻFͫF͵Pͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵B ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͷPͭ;ͯB ͼͷBΔF
ͫBͻͳKFͻͰͳͲͷFΌ;ͿPͻͷBͶ͸Pͭͳ͸FͿPͻͷBͶ͸PͭͼF͵ͽPͻB͌ͭPͯͳ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͯF͵ͼͶB͵PΕFͺPͼͶPͬBΔB
͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ΒͰͲFͷBΓB ͺPͼͷBͽͻBΒ;ΕͳͼFͽPͬBͳ͸ͯͳ͵BͽPͻB ͽͪͫͰͶͪ


͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ́͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͳͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪͶͪ͵͹ΕͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ3
5BCMF Business Performance Index Indicators
́͸ͯͳ͵BͽPͻ
0ͼ͸ͳͬBΔFͺͻFͯ;ͲFΕͪ ͈ͻP΁Fͯ;ͻF ͬͻFͷF ͽͻP΃͵Pͬͳͳͷͳ͸ͳͷBͶ͸ͳͺP΂Fͽ͸ͳ
;ͺͶBΕF͸ͳ͵BͺͳͽBͶͲBPͼ͸ͳͬBΔFͯͻ;΃ͽͬBͼBPͭͻB͸ͳ΂F͸Pͷ
PͯͭPͬPͻ͸P΃Ε;
̽PͫͳΒBΔFͭͻBΌFͬͳ͸ͼ͵F ͈ͻP΁Fͯ;ͻF ͬͻFͷF ͽͻP΃͵Pͬͳ͵B͵PͫͳͼFͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶFͼͬF
ͯPͲͬPͶF ͿPͻͷBͶ͸PͼͽͳͲBͯPͫͳΒBΔFͯPͲͬPͶFͲBͳͲͭͻBͯΔ;PͫKF͵ͽB
͈ͻͳ͵Γ;΂FΔFFͶF͵ͽͻͳ΂͸F ͈ͻP΁Fͯ;ͻF ͬͻFͷF ͽͻP΃͵Pͬͳ͵B͵PͫͳͼFPͫKF͵Bͽͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͳP
F͸FͻͭͳΒͰ ͸BFͶF͵ͽͻͳ΂͸;ͷͻFͱ; ͺP;ͲͯB͸Pͼͽ͸BͺBKBΔBFͶF͵ͽͻͳ΂͸Pͷ
F͸FͻͭͳKPͷͳͽͻP΃͵PͬͳͺPͽͻP΃ΔFFͶͰ͵ͽͻͳ΂͸ͰF͸FͻͭͳKF
͉FͭͳͼͽͻB΁ͳKBͳͷPͬͳ͸F ͈ͻP΁Fͯ;ͻF ͬͻFͷF ͽͻP΃͵Pͬͳ͵B͵PͫͳͼFͳͲͬͻ΃ͳPͺͻF͸Pͼ
ͳͷPͬͳ͸Fͳ͵ͬBͶͳͽFͽͼͳͼͽFͷBͲFͷΓͳ΃͸FBͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻB΁ͳKF
ͅPͭ;Ε͸Pͼͽ͵ͻFͯͳͽͳͻBΔB ͊ͳͼͽFͷ͵ͻFͯͳͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͿPͻͷB΁ͳKBͳ̀B͵P͸P΀ͳͺPͽF͵Bͷͪ
̀B΃ͽͳͽBͷBΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͈ͻBͬBͷBΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͶBͼ͸ͳ͵B;ͽͻB͸ͼB͵΁ͳKBͷBͼBͺPͬFͲB͸ͳͷ
ͳ͸ͬFͼͽͳͽPͻB ͺͻBͬ͸ͳͷͶͳ΁ͳͷBͳͺͻBͬB;͵PͻͺPͻBͽͳͬ͸Pͷ;ͺͻBͬΓBΔ;
͈PͻFͼ͵BͺPͶͳͽͳ͵B ́ͼͺͶBͽF ͬͻFͷFͳ;͵;ͺ͸ͪͺPͻFͼ͵ͪͼͽPͺͪͲB͵PͷͺB͸ͳK;͵B͵Pͫͳ
ͼͰͳͼͺP΃ͽPͬBͶFͼͬFͺPͻFͼ͵FPͫBͬFͲF
ͅFΌ;͸BͻPͯ͸BͽͻͭPͬͳ͸B ̺ͻFͷFͳͽͻP΃͵PͬͳͳͲͬPͲBͺͻPͳͲͬPͯB͵PKͳͳͷB͵PͷͺBͻBͽͳͬ͸;
ͺͻFͯ͸Pͼͽͳ;ͬPͲB;ͽP-ͯFͶPͬB
́Ͳͬͻ΃FΔF;ͭPͬPͻB ̺ͻFͷFͳͽͻP΃͵PͬͳͲBͻF΃BͬBΔF͵PͷFͻ΁ͳKBͶ͸PͭͼͺPͻBͳ
͵ͬBͶͳͽFͽͼ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻP΁FͼB
͉F΃BͬBΔF͸FͼPͶͬF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ ̺ͻͰͷF ͽͻP΃͵Pͬͳ ͳͼ΀PͯͳͼͽPͺͪͺPͬͻBͽBͼͻFͯͼͽBͬB;
ͻF΃BͬBΔ;͸FͼPͶͬF͸ͽ͸PͼͽͳͳKB΂ͳ͸ͪͳ͸ͯF͵ͼBͲB͵P͸ͼ͵Pͭͼͽe-
΂BK͸PͭP͵ͬͳͻB
͉Fͭ;ͶB΁ͳKBͽͻͱͳ΃ͽBͻBͯB ͍ͶF͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸PͼͽͺͻPͺͳͼBPͲBͺP΃ΓBͬBΔ;ͳ͵ͬBͶͳͽFͽͻBͯ͸Pͭ
ͷFͼͽB
́͸ͯF͵ͼͶͪ͵͹ΕͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͰͽͰͷͰΓͳ͸ͪͯͬFͬͻͼͽFͺPͯBͽB͵B͸ͪͲB͵P͸ͳͷͪͳͺͻPͺͳͼͳͷͪ͵PKͳ
ͬBͱF;KFͯ͸PKͲFͷΓͳ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͯͳ͵BͽPͻͳͷͪ͵PKͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͺPͽͻFͫ;ͯBͼFͺPͼͽͳͭ͸F͵͹͸
͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͻFͭ;ͶBͽPͻ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ&͵P͸Pͷͼ͵BͯͳͼͽB͸΁BͯPͻFͭ;ͶBͽPͻ͸Pͭ΁ͳΓBͷFͻͳͼF͸B
ͼ͵BͶͳ Pͯ ͯP ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ΒF ͸BKͼͶBͫͳKB ͺFͻͿPͻͷB͸ͼB B KF ΁ͳΓ ̽͹ͶͪͱͰΔͰ ͯ͹ Pͬͳ΀
ͳ͸ͿPͻͷB΁ͳKBͽͰͷͰΓͳͼͰ͸ͪͪ͸͵ͰͽͳͷFΌ;ͼͽͻ;΂ΔB΁ͳͷBͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ; ͺͻBͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͷB ͸BK΂F΃ΕFBͯͬP͵BͽͳͷB͈ͻͳ͵;ͺΓF͸ͳͺPͯB΁ͳͼF;ͭͶBͬ͸PͷPͯ͸PͼFͼBͷP͸BͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ΁;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪ͸ͰͲFͷΓF BͶͳPͫKBͬΓ;K;ͼͰͳͳͲͬF΃ͽBKͳ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹ΒͲFͷͪΓͪ
ͫ
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲBͻBͲͬPKͷF͸BΘͷF͸ͽBͼͪͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵͹Β;ͼͬPͷ͊ͬFͽ
ͼ͵PͷͭPͯͳ΃ΔB͵;͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ͵Pͻͳͼͽͳ΂FͽͳͻͳͯFͽFͻͷͳ͸B͸ͽF͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸PͼͽͳͺFͻͿPͻͷB͸
3
́Ͳͬ͹ͻ Doing Business 2017 8PSME#BOL ͼͽͻ14

ͼFͺͻͳͬͻFͯF FͿͳ͵Bͼ͸PͼͽͯͻͱBͬ͸F;ͺͻBͬF FͿͳ͵Bͼ͸PͼͽͺPͼͶPͬBΔBͳͳ͸ͿͻBͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ͊ͬB͵BPͯ
͸BͬFͯF͸F΂FͽͳͻͳͯFͽFͻͷͳ͸B͸ͽFͺPͯFΓF͸BΒͰ͸BͺFͽPͫͶBͼͽͳ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̽ͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͰ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͳ;͊ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͪ͵;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ4
5BCMF Determinants of competitiveness in the World Yearbook of Competitiveness
͇͏̸̾͆ ̸̸͈͇̓̀͋̾͡
̽͹ͷͪΕͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ ͈ͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ
̀ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ
͏Ͱ͸Ͱ
ͪͬ͠͸ͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͰ ̾Ϳͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽΒͪͬ͸͹ͭ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ
ͅ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ
͈ͻ͹ͺͳͼͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ
͈ͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ̾Ϳͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͋ͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͻͪͯͪ
͍ͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͰ
̺Ͱ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ́͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ
͋Ͱ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ
͆ͪ;΂͸ͪͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ
̀ͯͻͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ
͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͬ
͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͿ͹ͻ;ͷΒͰͼͬ͹Βͺͻͬͳ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͹͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫΒͪͬͳ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͇ͯͽͪͯͪ͹ͬͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ;ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͳͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪ͹͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ;ΒͰ ͯͰͽͪΓͪ͸͵͹ͷ
ͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪ ͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ
ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ
ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͰͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵Ͱ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔ;͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͭͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪͳ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸ͳΒͰ;;ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ;ͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͷͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;
ͼͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͽͻͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ
͸͹ͼͽͳͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͳ͸͹ͬͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ͹Ϳͳͼͽͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔ͈ͪͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͯͪͺͻͳͬͻͰ
ͯͪ;ͼͬ͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͽͻͳͿͪͲͰͻͪͲͬ͹Β͈ͪͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͻͪͼͽͼͰ;ͺͻͬ͹ΒͿͪͲͳ
͹ͼͶͪΔͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ ͻͪͯ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ ͳͽͯ
ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ;Ͳͪ
4
́Ͳͬ͹ͻYearbook (2017) International Institute for Managament Development, IMD

ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͺͻͬ͹ΒͿͪͲͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳ
ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͺ͹ͯͭͻ;ͺͳ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ͈ͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ΒͿͪͲͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͼͬ͹Βͻͪͼͽ
ͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹ Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΔ; ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̀ͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ; ͹ͬ͹Β ͭͻ;ͺͳ ͹ͯ
ͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸͹ͭͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͼͽ;ͫ͹ͬͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͺ͹ͯͭͻ;ͺͰ͍ͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ́
͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒ; ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ ͻͪͼͽ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔ͹Β ͿͪͲͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ ͹ͯ
ͳ͸͹ͬͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ͹Ϳͳͼͽͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͻͪͼͽ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͪͽͻͰ
Εͪͺ͹ͯͭͻ;ͺͪ͊ͽ;ͫ͹ͬͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͳ͸͹ͬͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ͹Ϳͳͼͽͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͊Ͷͳ͵ͪ ͊ͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
1JDUVSF Structure of the global competitiveness index

͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͪ;ͺ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰ ;
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͳ ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͈ͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͳ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀
͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͳͳͼͽ;ͫ͹ͬͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹͹ͬ͹ͭͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ ͷ͹ͻͪͼͰͫͳͽͳͺͪͱ
Γͳͬ ΒͰͻ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΀ ͼͽ;ͫ͹ͬͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰ ;ͬͰ͵ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ Ͳͪ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸; ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ; ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͋ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸͹ͭ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷ
ͻͳͭͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͻͪͯͪͳͶͳ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;Ͷͳͷͳͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͻͳͼ
ͽ;ͺ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͯͻͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͻͪͯͪ
͈ͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͳͲͻͪ΂;͸ͪͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͫ͹ͬͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;
ͭͻ;ͺͰͳͷͪΒ;Ͳͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸;ͲͰͷΓ;Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯ͸ͳͬ͹ͪΔͰ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ̻ͻ;ͺͳͼͪΔͰͲͰͷͪΓͪͺͻͰͷͪ

́Ͳͬ͹ͻSchwab, K. The Global Competitiveness Report 2016–2017, World Economic Forum, ͼͽͻ

͸ͳͬ͹;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͭͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͫͻ;ͽ͹ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͭͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ̹͈̽
ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵;ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹ͭ;ͪͷͰ
ͻͳ΂͵ͳͷͯ͹Ͷͪͻͳͷͪ͊ͬͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͳͬ͹̹͈ͪ̽ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
͵; ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͿͪͲͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ;ͽͻͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͳͯͬͰͺͻͰͶͪͲ͸ͰͿͪͲͰ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ
ͼͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ;ͺͻͬ;ͭͻ;ͺ;ͼͬͻͼͽͪͬͪΒ;ͼͬͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͪͺͻͰ͵͹;΂Ͱ΃Εͪͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳ
Ͳͬ͹ͯͪ;ͳͲͬ͹Ͳ; ͺͰͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̺ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹͸ͯͰͻͪ
͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͯ͹ͯͰΓ;Β; ͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ ͼͽ;ͫ͹ͬͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ; ͳͲ͸͹ͼ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͊ͬͳ
ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͸͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰ͸ͪͼ͵ͪͶͳ͹ͯͯ͹ ͸͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹Ͳͪͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ
͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͰ͸ͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬͰ ͼ͵ͪͶͰ ͼͪ ͼͰͯͪͷ ͺ͹ͯͰΓͪ͵ͪ
ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
͸ͪΒͭ͹ͻ; ͹΁Ͱ͸; ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γ; ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͳͻͪͼͺ͹͸ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͬͰ ͺ͹ͯͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͰ
ͼͽ;ͫ͹ͬͰ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͪͳͼͪͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͻͪ΂;͸ͪͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
Ͳͪ ͼͬͪ͵; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸; ͲͰͷΓ; ͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͼͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͻͪ͸ͭͳͻͪΒ; ͺͻͰͷͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
ͺͻͰͷͪͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͲͰͷΓͰ͌ͬͳͯ͹ͷ;͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͯͰ͵
ͼͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂;ͫͻͲ;ͬͳͯ;ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸FͯPͼͽBͽ͵F͵PKFͫͳ
ͽͻFͫBͶP;͵ͶP͸ͳͽͳͻͪͯͳ͸BͺͻFͯPͬBΔͪ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͇͉͇͈͇̻̹̓͆̓͌̾͆͋͆͊͋̀̾̀̽͆̈́̓͆͡ͅ
͆ͳͬPͻB͸ͭͳͻBΔBKFͳͲ;ͲFͽ͸PͬBͱB͸ͲBͷBΔFͻBͲͬͳKF͸FͲFͷΓFͺ͹ͺ;ͽͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ
͸ͪ ͵PKFPͬͳͷͺ;ͽFͷ ͼͽͳ΂;;ͬͳͯ;PͫͶBͼͽͳ;͵PKͳͷBͼ;͸FPͺ΀Pͯ͸B;͸BͺͻFΌFΔB̀ͰͷΓͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͼ;͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹;ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͸͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͫͳͶͰ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͲͪ΂ͰΓ;͵͹͸
͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͻͪ͸ͭͳͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͻͪͼͺ͹͸;͹ͯͯ͹ͷͰͼͽͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ
͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪ͹;ͻͪͼͺ͹͸;͹ͯ;ͯ͹;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ
΃ͽ͹;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;
ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͳͼ͵;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͇ͬͰͲͰͷΓͰͼ;ͼͬ͹Β;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͽͰͷͰΓͳͶͰ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ ΒͰͿͽͳ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͯ; ͳ Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͭ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͹͸Ͱ
͸ͳͼ;;ͼͺͰͶͰͯͪͻͪͼͽ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͷͰͻͰ͵ͪ͸Ͱ΁Ͱ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͲ͸ͪΔ;
͋BͫFͶB ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ6
5BCMF Global index of competitiveness of the countries of the Western Balkans
͌͵;ͺB͸
̹Pͼ͸Bͳ ͏ͻ͸B
̻Pͯͳ͸B ͫͻPK "ͶͫB͸ͳKB ͅB͵FͯP͸ͳKB ͊ͻͫͳKB ͊ͶPͬF͸ͳKB
͎Fͻ΁FͭPͬͳ͸B ̻PͻB
ͲFͷBΓB
2001. - - - - - 31
2002. 80 - - - - - 28
2003. 102 - - 81 77 77 31
2004. 104 - 81 84 89 89 33
117 100 80 80 32
6
́Ͳͬ͹ͻThe Global Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum, Ͳͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ.
360
͌͵;ͺB͸
̹Pͼ͸Bͳ ͏ͻ͸B
ͲFͷBΓB
2006. 98 89 80 87 87 33
2007. 131 109 106 94 - - 39
͌͵;ͺB͸
̹Pͼ͸Bͳ ͏ͻ͸B
ͲFͷBΓB
2008. 134 108 107 89 42
2009. 133 96 109 84 93 62 37
2010. 139 88 102 79 96 49
2011. 142 78 100 79 60
2012. 144 89 88 80 72
2013. 148 87 73 101 67 62
2014. 144 97 - 63 94 67 70
140 93 111 60 94 70
2016. 138 80 107 68 90 82
͌ͬͳͯ͹ͷ;ͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸Ͱ;ͽBͫFͶͳͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͼͬͰͲͰͷΓͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;͸ͳͼ͵;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͬͰ͵͈ͪ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͶ͹΃ͳͲ̹ͪ͹ͼ͸;ͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱ
ͭ͹ͬͳ͸;ͳ͊ͻͫͳK;͌ͺFͻͳPͯ;Pͯ΃Ͱͼ͸ͪͰͼͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪͼ;ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͳͶͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ
͸ͳ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ ͺ͹ ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ; ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͯͰ͵ͼͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͊ͻͫͳKB KF ͫͶBͭP
͸BͲBͯPͬBͶB͸BͶͳͼͽͳͻB͸ͭͳͻB͸ͳ΀ͲFͷBΓB ͯP͵ ΒͰ̹ͳ͎͸ͪΒͶ͹΃ͳΒͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪ͸ͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸͈ͪPͯB΁ͳ;͵BͲ;K;ͯBKF͸FPͺ΀Pͯ͸PͺͻFͯ;ͲFͽͳͻBͯͳ͵BͶ͸FͷFͻFͼ΁ͳΓͰͷ;͸Bͺͻe-
ΌFΔB͵P͸͵;ͻF͸ͽ͸Pͼͽͳ
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;
΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͪ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͇ͪͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͵ͪͯͪͼͰͳͷͪ;ͬͳͯ;
͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͰ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
&͵P͸Pͷͼ͵BͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻFͯͼͽBͬΓBͺͻP΁FͼͻBͼͽBͷFΌ;͸BͻPͯ͸ͳ΀ͽP͵PͬBͻPͫB ;ͼͶ;ͭB ͵B-
ͺͳͽBͶBͳΓ;ͯͳ Pͯ͸Pͼ͸PPͲ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;΃ͳͻFΔB͵BͺͳͽBͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳ;
͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃Δͳͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ͹ͯ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ
΃Δͳ΀ͯͪ͸͉ͪͰ΂ΒͰ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼͬͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͬͰͽͪ ͯ͹ͯ;΃Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ
̾ͿͰ͵ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͳͳ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͬͰͽͪ͌ͼͬͰͽͶ;ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͪ
ΔͰ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ
͸ͪ͵͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳ͆ͪΒ͵ͻͪ
ΕͰ ͸͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ͷ͸͹ͭͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ͯ͹ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪ
361
ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ̹ͻͱFͼ;ͼF
ͷFΔBͶF Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸BͺͻFͯ͸ͳKF ͯP͵ͼ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͪΔͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ ̹͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳ͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪ
;ͽBKͺͻP΁Fͼ;ͶBͲͳ
ͶFͺ;͸PͼͺPͻͳKFͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͈ͪͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ͼͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͼͬͰΒͪͼ͸ͳΒ͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳΒͰ
ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͬͰΕͳ;
ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;;ͼͺ͹͸; ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ͸ͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ;ͽͳ΁ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͳͺͻͬ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ͹͸ͪ;ͫͻͲͪΔ;͆ͪΒ͵ͻͪΕͰ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹
ͼͰͯ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͪ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰ
͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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Schwab, K. (2008–2009). The Global Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum. Schwab, K.
(2016–2017). The Global Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum.
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$0.1&5*5*0/0'5)&8&45&3/#"-,"/4$06/53*&4
6/%&35)&$0/%*5*0/40'(-0#"-*;"5*0/
SUMMARY
Challenges and achievements of globalization during the previous thirty years have created a new busi-
ness environment for the enterprises and some national economies to function in. This new business enviro-
nment has opened a number of new business opportunities, but it also led to numerous varieties of danger as
a consequence of business subjects’ exposure to the global competition. Under such circumstances a need for
a competition of enterprises and countries has gained an almost universal character. The paper presents data
on the movement of height of global index of the World Economy Forum competition in the period of 2001-
2016, which testifies a serious backwardness of the Western Balkans countries not only in regard to the most
competitive economies in the world, but also in regard to Slovenia, which once was a part of the socialist bloc
countries, now a member of the European Union since 2004. It is quite clear that unless a serious turnaround
in regard to the manifested tendencies is done, such evident economic backwardness of the Western Balkans
countries will not be easily reduced. This is, among other things, necessary because of the fact that, despite
many problems, the world economy is entering a new period of development, as a result of general use of
information communication technologies and the beginning of the so-called fourth industrial revolution. At
the same time, regardless of certain views on globalization crisis, the dynamics of international economic
relations and the power of international competition will have a stronger impact on the old competitive posi-
tions disappearing and gaining of the new ones on the basis of the commercial valorization of the new
knowledge into innovations. In that sense, the development of competition of the Western Balkans countries
is possible only by establishing the economy of knowledge.
,&:803%4 globalization, the competition of the countries, the Western Balkans countries, global
competition index, Serbia.
363
327.7/.8(497.1)

"-&,4"/%"37+0,*Ƃ1
Portland State University
Oregon (USA)

:6(04-"7*" 5)&5"3(&50'
*/5&3/"5*0/"-+645*$&

A#453"$5The transformative events in Yugoslavia during the 1990s and in particular the first years of
the 21st century were largely misconstrued and presented in very distorted ways in the West, both in the pub-
lic discourse by politicians, activists and journalists —who broadly made peace their discursive goal — and
academics, who most often seemed more interested in justifying the US policies towards the Balkans than
attempting to understand anything. To present and analyze this double failure, both on the public and the
academic side of the discourse on Yugoslavia, will be the purpose of this article.
,&:803%4 international justice, BEIPD, Internatonal Crime Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (IC-
TY), disintegration of Yugoslavia, propaganda, word HBNFT 4FSCJBBGUFS.JMPØFWJǃ 4PDJBM4DJFODFTBOE(Fo-
politics.
iwXFBSFFOHBHJOHXJUI4UBUF1BSUJFTUPUIF3PNF4UBUVUFPOJTTVFTPGDPODFSOBOEBSFTVQQPSUJOH
UIF*$$TQSPTFDVUJPOPGUIPTFDBTFTUIBUBEWBODF64JOUFSFTUTBOEWBMVFTwu
National Security Strategy, May 20102

*/530%6$5*0/
The transformative events in Yugoslavia during the 1990s and in particular the first years of the
st
21 century were largely misconstrued and presented in very distorted ways in the West, both in the
public discourse by politicians, activists and journalists —who broadly made QFBDF their discursive goal
— and academics, who most often seemed more interested in justifying the US policies towards the
1
EBK!QEYFEV
2
5IJTTVSQSJTJOHMZGSBOLEFQJDUJPOPGiJOUFSOBUJPOBMKVTUJDFuQSFTFOUTJUNFSFMZBTBUPPMPG64GPSFJHOQPMJDZ XIJDI
XJMMBQQMZUIJTiKVTUJDFuPOly when and where it would serve the U.S. interests. There is no reason to think this
attitude was not applicable even before explicitly stated in 2010. See IUUQTXXXXIJUFIPVTFHPWTJUFTEFGBVMU
files/rss_viewer/national_security_strategy.pdf (last accFTTFE.BSDI

364
ALEKSANDAR V. +0,*ƂYugoslavia, the target of international justice
Balkans than attempting to understand anything. To present and analyze this double failure, both on
the public and the academic side of the discourse on Yugoslavia, will be the purpose of this article.3
'VSUIFSNPSF UIJTGBJMVSFXBTDPOEVDJWFUP JGOPUOFDFTTBSZGPS UIFTVDDFTTGVMUBSHFUJOHCZiJOUFSOa-
UJPOBMKVTUJDFuPGUIFFOUJSFQPTU-Yugoslav space, but in particular it facilitated the grossly dispropor-
tionate number of indictments against the ethnic Serbs at the International Tribunal for former Yugo-
slavia (ICTY).
That suddenly, after a prolonged slumber of some five decades following Nuremberg internation-
al military tribunal (IMT), international justice targeting individuals would re-emerge, equipped with
real law-like bodies such as BEIPD tribunals that would be funded and actually supplied with real peo-
ple to put on trial, was only possible because of the accompanying suitable discourse that to a large
extent represented a ESBNBUJDFYJUGSPNSFBMity. This will be shown by brief discussions of both public
discourse and academic production on Yugoslavia.
803%(".&4"/%16#-*$%*4$0634&0/:6(04-"7*"
A useful heuristic device for exploring the narratives on Yugoslavia in the West may be to adopt
the perspective of people that could be considered least hostile to the parties locked in a conflict in a
foreign place — the Western peace activists. Yet, try as hard as they may, activists end up with a skewed
understanding of the events that interest them. The main source of this tragic gullibility is in the lan-
HVBHFFNQMPZFEUPEFTDSJCFBTQFDJêDDPOëJDUJOUIFQVCMJDEJTDPVSTF5IJTJTEPOFJONBOZEJGGFSFOU
ways. Elsewhere I have explored the effects of the phenomenon of HFOPDJEBMJTN, which is a result of
QMBZJOHHBNFTXJUIUIFXPSEiHFOPDJEFu +PLJD QQ-
&YQPTJOHTFWFSBMPGUIFTFiXPSE
HBNFTuQFSUBJOJOHUP:VHPTMBWJB BTUIFZIBWFVOGPMEFEJO8FTUFSOQPMJUJDT NFEJB BOETDIPMBSTIJQ
will help illustrate a wider problem. The importance of language cannot be understated, given the sub-
UMF XBZT JU DBO CF VTFE UP BGGFDU XIBU QFBDF BDUJWJTUT QFSIBQT NJTUBLFOMZ NBZ êOE BO BQQSPQSJBUF
course of action.
8)"54)06-%8&45&3/1&"$&"$5*7*454)"7&,/08/"#065:6(04-A-
7*"
Despite occasional pronouncFNFOUTTVDIBTPOFCZB(FSNBOQIJMPTPQIFS(8')FHFMUIBU
war is not always necessarily evil, for it may serve to strengthen a state lulled by a prolonged period
without war, everybody loves peace.4 Arguably, nobody loves peace more than peace activists. Their
legendary enthusiasm to labour tirelessly for peace, however commendable, leaves them vulnerable to
becoming victims of ideology and political correctness pushed by powerful states engaged in the pur-
suit of their geopolitical goals. This vulnerability of peace activists can stretch all the way to the position
3
5IF QSFTFOUBSUJDMFJTBEBQUFE GSPN$IBQUFS PG UIFGPSUIDPNJOH CPPL DP-authored with Tiphaine Dickson,
5BSHFUTPG*OUFSOBUJPOBM+VTUJDF:VHPTMBWJBBOE3XBOEB'JSTUJO'PDVT.
4
"DDPSEJOHUP)FHFM XBSTUSFOHUIFOTUIFTUBUFPOMZ in the sense that it poses a threat to its stability, and a healthy
TUBUFHSPXTFWFOTUSPOHFSGPSPWFSDPNJOHUIBUUISFBU )FHFM QQ

of grotesque gullibility, even to the point where, convinced that they are promoting the values of peace,
UIFZJOGBDUFOHBHFJOGVSUIFSWJDUJNJ[BUJPOPGUIFDPOëJDUTWJDUJNT)PXJTUIJTOJghtmarish scenario of
QBWJOHUIFXBZUPIFMMXJUIHPPEJOUFOUJPOTNBEFQPTTJCMF 5IFNBJOTPVSDFPGUIJTUSBHJDHVMMJCJMJUZJT
OPUJOUIFEFFETCVUJOUIFMBOHVBHFPTUFOTJCMZBQQMJFEUPEFTDSJCFBTQFDJêDDPOëJDU*OUIJTSFTQFDUUIF
MBOHVBHFPGiIVNBOSJHIUTuBOEiEFNPDSBDZuPSiHFOPDJEFuDBOCFQBSUJDVMBSMZEBOHFSPVT/PXIFSFJT
this more evident than in the case of the first post-Cold War conflicts that erupted in the Balkans, as
Yugoslavia was being dismantled.
Well-meaning activists from afar, as well as most partakers in the public discourse on internation-
al justice, whether wanting to immerse themselves in helping activities in a distant region or simply
attain some level of understanding of the events, must arm themselves with two defensive strategies.
First, they should become informed on the history of the region as much as possible, turning into avid
TUVEFOUTPGSFDFOUBOENPSFIJTUPSJDBMMZSFNPWFEFWFOUTPGJNQPSUBODF4FDPOE QFSIBQTNPSFEJGêDVMU
they must make sure they do not fall prey to the ongoing word games that can obscure their overall
goal and purpose. This article is a modest contribution to the latter task. I shall try to expose several of
UIFTFiXPSEHBNFTuQFSUBJOJOHUPUIFEJTNBOUMJOHPG:VHPTMBWJB BTUIFZIBWFQMBZFEPVUJO8FTUFrn
politics, media (and in the next section scholarship) affecting deeply what peace activists or interested
parties may have (perhaps mistakenly) found to be an appropriate course of action. In what follows I
consider four examples of problematic phrasesiEFNPDSBUJDSFWPMVUJPOu i4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTNu iSe-
WFSTFEFUIOJDDMFBOTJOHu BOEiSFWFOHFLJMMJOHTu
i%&.0$3"5*$3&70-65*0/u
Let us start with the circumstances following the presidential election of September 24, 2000, that
saw, perhaps unexpectedly, 4MPCPEBO.JMPØFWJǃCFJOHSFNPWFEGSPNQPXFSBGUFSUIJSUFFOZFBSTPGXIBU
was often described as authoritarian rule. The election results were initially indecisive, with both Mi-
MPØFWJǃ BOE IJT NBJO PQQPOFOU 7PKJTMBW ,PØUVOJDB DMBJNJOH WJDUPSZ .PSF QSFDJTely, Koštunica
DMBJNFEPVUSJHIUWJDUPSZ XIJMFUIF.JMPØFWJǃTJEFDMBJNFEUIBUOFJUIFSDBOEJEBUFSFDFJWFEUIFOFDFTTBSZ
majority vote and therefore called for the second round of voting. This was not to happen, as people
descended on Belgrade, ultimately lFBEJOHUPUIFSFNPWBMPG.JMPØFWJǃBOEUIFJOBVHVSBUJPOPG,PØUu-
nica. The Western world welcomed the events and unanimously started referring to the accomplish-
NFOUBTBiEFNPDSBUJDSFWPMVUJPOu8BTUIJTBOBDDVSBUFEFTDSJQUJPO BOEXIBUDPVMEUIFQISBTFNFBO
1FSIBQTUIFFWFOUTJO #FMHSBEF DPVME CF EFTDSJCFEBTB iSFWPMVUJPOu BMCFJUBRVJDLBOENPTUMZ
peaceful one. This could have been a revolution because there were some aspects of violent behaviour,
most notably the desecration of the National Assembly and setting the building of the state TV station

'PS B DIBSBDUFSJTUJD FYBNQMF PG EFMJCFSBUFMZ NJTMFBEJOH JG OPU NBMJDJPVT iTDIPMBSMZu XPSL JO UIJT SFTQFDU TFF
Cushman, T. & Mestrovic, S. G. (Ed.). (1996). 5IJT5JNF8F,OFX8FTUFSO3FTQPOTFTUP(FOPDJEFJO#PTOJB. New
:PSL/FX:PSL6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT BTCSJMMJBOUMZFYQPTFECZ3PCFSU.)ZEFOJOIJTSFWJFXBQUMZUJUMFEi5IF5BDUJDBM
6TFT PG 1BTTJPO PO #PTOJBu $VSSFOU "OUISPQPMPHZ QQ –26. Quite a few similar volumes have been
produced in the 1990s by such (ab)uses of passion, as many scholars bet their careers on hopes that it will forever
remain politically correct to substitute scholarship for anti-Serbian propaganda.
366
POêSF0UIFSXJTFUIFSFWPMVUJPOXBTOPOWJPMFOUJOBOFYFNQMBSZXBZOPEFBUITBSFBUUSJCVUFEUPUIF
iSFWPMVUJPOBSZuBDUJWJUJFT UIFSFXFSFPOMZUXPEFBUIT CPUISVMFEBDDJEFOUT
8IZUIFSFWPMVUJPOXPVME
be EFFNFEiEFNPDSBUJDuJTTPNFXIBUMFTTDMFBS1FSIBQTUIFSFBTPOJTUIFQFSDFQUJPOUIBUUIFiBOUJ-
EFNPDSBUJDuGPSDFTPGUIFPMESFHJNF QSJNBSJMZ1SFTJEFOU.JMPØFWJǃBOEIJTXJGF XFSFEFUISPOFE BOE
OFXiQSPEFNPDSBDZuGPSDFTJOTUBMMFEUPQPXFS*GTP UIFOUIFQISBTFiEFNPDSBUJDSFWPMVUJPOuUFMMTVT
more about the attitudes of those who decided to use this phrase, informing us what they like or dislike,
rather than the phrase having any descriptive force in itself. As we shall see, this is the main mark of all
QISBTFTUIBUXJMMCFFYBNJOFEJOUIJTBSUJDMFBOEDIBSBDUFSJ[FEBTiXPSEHBNFTu
5PGVSUIFSQPOEFSUIFQV[[MJOHQISBTF iEFNPDSBUJDSFWPMVUJPOu MFU VTHP CBDLUPUIFDMPTFBOE
contested (at least in Florida) U.S. presidential elections of 2000, which was contemporaneous to the
events in Belgrade. Imagine that the following should have unfolded in the few days after the election
night. The count and recount of the Florida vote drags on and the two parties start accusing each other
of improprieties. This is not a far-fetched scenario, as this is exactly what transpired for weeks after the
election night. One could hear on the radio that Democrats in Florida were luring the homeless with
free cigarettes to the polling booths. On the other hand, Democrats complained that in some counties
UIFCBMMPUTXFSFiDPOGVTJOHMZuQSJOUFEUPIBWF1BU#VDIBOBOMJTUFETFDPOETPBTUPDBVTFNBOZXIP
XFSFJOUFOUPOWPUJOHGPS"M(PSFUPBDUVBMMZQJDL#VDIBOBO.PSFTJHOJêDBOUBDDVTBUJPOTGSPNCPUI
sides are not unimaginable. Let us further suppose, somewhat more fancifully, that George Bush and
his party come to the realization that they are being denied a clear victory by the trickery of the Presi-
dent Clinton and his party. They incite Bush’s supporters to take it to the streets. Bush wins wide-
ranging endorsements from leaders around the world and money starts pouring in from China, Iran,
-JCZB 3VTTJB BOEFMTFXIFSFUPTVQQPSUIJTCJEGPSUIF8IJUF)PVTF)VOESFETPGNJMMJPOTPGEPMMBST
are channelled in various clandestine waZT QFSIBQTUISPVHI#VEEIJTUUFNQMFTPSiJOEFQFOEFOUuNe-
dia, to his campaign (this is an allusion to the $77 million that the U.S. government apparently poured
into the opposition coffers in the pre-election period in Yugoslavia). 6 With this grotesque sum of mon-
FZUIF3FQVCMJDBOTTUBHFBNBSDIPO8BTIJOHUPOUIFNPC VTJOHCVMMEP[FSTEPOBUFECZ$IJOB
Ee-
NPMJTIFT$BQJUPM)JMM BOETJNJMBSMZJO"UMBOUBUIF$//IFBERVBSUFSTBSFCVSOFEUPUIFHSPVOE"TB
result Al Gore decides to concede. Bush is declared president and sworn in immediately, as Bill Clinton
FTDBQFTGSPNUIF8IJUF)PVTFBOEKPJOT(PSFJOIJEJOH"TVDDFTTGVMi%FNPDSBUJD3FWPMVUJPOuJTEe-
clared worldwide and the new democracy-MPWJOHQSFTJEFOUPGUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTBOEiUIFGSFFXPSMEu BT
they like to say in the U.S., is celebrated universally.
/PX JGUIJTêDUJUJPVTTDFOBSJPEFTFSWFTUPCF EFTDSJCFE BTBiEFNPDSBUJDSFWPMVUJPOuTPEPUIF
FWFOUTJO:VHPTMBWJBJO0DUPCFS5IFQISBTF JOGBDU EFTDSJCFTOPUIJOHJUTJNQMZFYQSFTTFTBp-
proval throuHI UIF QPTJUJWF NFBOJOH JOFSUJB DPOUBJOFE JO UIF XPSE iEFNPDSBUJDu 8F NBZ DBMM UIJT
phenomenon the nonEFTDSJQUJWF BUUJUVEJOBMDIBSBDUFS of the chosen language and stress that it is pre-
6
Just days before the elections in Yugoslavia, the 8BTIJOHUPO1PTU indicated that the National Endowment for
Democracy had coODMVEFEUIBUJUIBECFFOUPPPQFOBCPVUUIFGBDUUIBUJUQBJEUIFiEFNPDSBUJDuPQQPTJUJPO5IF
article, entitled .JMMJPO )FMQT 'PFT PG .JMPTFWJD was written by John Lancaster and appeared on Tuesday,
September 19, 2000.
367
cisely this that makes the word game in question possible. What this does in real life, however, is to
move us further away from correctly understanding what really happened. In particular, the impropri-
FUJFTTVDIBTGPSFJHOHPWFSONFOUTNFEEMJOHXJUIBOPUIFSDPVOUSZTFMFDUJPOTCZGVOEJOHiJMMFHBMMZuB
side in the electoral process (i.e., it is illegal in their countries for political parties and candidates to re-
ceive such funds). To the extent that it moves us away from the real questions, this particular language
game also represents a contribution to the lexicon of denial by masking the fact that the West had
played a key role in the events.
i4&3#*"//"5*0/"-*4.u
Moving back in time a little to the period immediately preceding the elections in Yugoslavia of
2000, a careful observer could have noticed an interesting dynamic XJUIUIFVTFPGUIFQISBTFi4FSCJBO
OBUJPOBMJTUu5IJTQISBTFPDDVSSFEJOUIF8FTUFSONFEJBEBJMZ BMUFSOBUJWFMZQSFêYFEFJUIFSCZiNPEFr-
BUFuPSiIBSEMJOFuXIFOJOUFOEJOHUPEFTDSJCFPQQPTJUJPODBOEJEBUF%S7PKJTMBW,PØUVOJDB5IJTEy-
namic deserves closer scrutiny.
-FUVTTUBSUCZBTLJOHUIFGPMMPXJOHRVFTUJPO8IBUJTXSPOHXJUI4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTN /PPOF
will tell you exactly, but that there is something seriously wrong is taken for granted. It is such an af-
front to human decency that just mentioning iUTVGêDFTUPKVTUJGZUIFNPTUTBWBHFCPNCJOHDBNQBJHO
that took place in Europe for the first time since Dresden, or almost a decade of severe economic sanc-
UJPOTCZUIFiJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNNVOJUZu:VHPTMBW1SFTJEFOU.JMPØFWJǃ XFXFSFSFQFBUFEMZUPME NVTU
OPUCFBMMPXFEUPQMBZiZFUBHBJOuUIFDBSEPGi4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTUTFOUJNFOUTu
All the way up to the day after the elections the Western media had consistently labelled Vojislav
,PØUVOJDB UIFPQQPTJUJPOQSFTJEFOUJBMDBOEJEBUF BTiBNPEFSBUF4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTUu8IBUJTBNPd-
FSBUF4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTU "UCFTUBMMUIJTQISBTFDPVMENFBOJTUIBUUIFNBOJTOPUBTCBEBT.JMPØFWJǃ
UIFiIBSEMJOFu4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTU
Things only got worse, and very quickly, just one day after Koštunica’s impressive showing in the
êSTUSPVOEPGQSFTJEFOUJBMFMFDUJPOT)FJOEFFENJHIUIBWFTDPSFEBOPVUSJHIUWJDUPSZPWFS.JMPØFWJǃ
(but we will never know for sure as the ballots were burned). Just one day after the elections, Koštunica
had been up-HSBEFEUPiBOPUIFSIBSEMJOF4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTUuCZUIFJOëVFOUJBM TVQQPTFEMZJOEFQFOd-
FOU JOUFMMJHFODFPVUMFU4USBUGPS 4USBUFHJD'PSFDBTUJOH --$
JOJUT8FFLMZ"OBMZTJTUJUMFEi$IFDLNBUF
JO:VHPTMBWJB u8IBUJTNPSF JOUIJTWFSZTIPSUQJFDF,PØUVOJDBXBTDBMMFEBi4FSCJBOIBSEline nation-
BMJTUuOPMFTTUIBOUISFFUJNFT0UIFSTRVJDLMZGPMMPXFEUIJTQSBDUJDF)PXEPFTPOFHPGSPNiNPEFSBUFu
UPiIBSEMJOFu4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTUTPRVJDLMZ 5IFUSBOTGPSNBUJPO BDZOJDNJHIUTBZPDDVSTBTPOFHFUT
DMPTFSUPQPXFSJO:VHPTMBWJB#ZEFêOJUJPO UIFSFGPSF BCBEHVZ BiIBSEMJOFOBUJPOBMJTUu
NVTUBMXBZT
CFJOQPXFSJO:VHPTMBWJB*UTUIBUFBTZ"MMPOFIBTUPEPJTFWPLFUIFFWJMPGiOBUJPOBMJTNuBOEUIBUJT
enough to absolve the U.S. of its once and future crimes against the people of Yugoslavia.
-FUVTSFUVSOUPUIBUQPXFSGVMQISBTFi4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTUTFOUJNFOUTu0OFIBTUPCFFYUSBDBSFGVM
here, for its meaning, as the phrase was used throughout the 1990s in the context of the Yugoslav trag-
edy, implies a kind of collective guilt on the part of Serbian people. It appears that every other nation in
UIFXPSMEJTBMMPXFEUPIBWFiOBUJPOBMJTUTFOUJNFOUTuFYDFQUUIF4FSCT
368
*EFêOFiOBUJPOBMJTUTFOUJNFOUTuBTTJHOJGZJOHDPODFSOGPSUIFXFMM-being of one’s own group in a
way that gives preference to the well-being of the members of that group, rather than another. In the
case of people in Yugoslavia, in the period before Koštunica’s victory these sentiments had to be di-
SFDUFEBHBJOTUUXPTPVSDFTPGEJTUSFTTUIFSFHJNFUIFOJOQMBDF BOE the so-DBMMFEiJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPm-
NVOJUZu QSJNBSJMZUIF64 XIJDIUPPLUIFNPTUBDUJWFSPMFJO/"50CPNCJOHPGUIFDPVOUSZ
*O
fact, at the time when the country was subjected to the hardships of long-term economic sanctions and
all the way to the 78 daZCPNCJOHDBNQBJHO UIFiOBUJPOBMJTUTFOUJNFOUTuXFSFOPUBDUJOHJOTVQQPSUPG
any political party, but rather against these two primary sources of distress. That is, there was no such
thing as nationalist sentiment in favour of the government then in place in Yugoslavia. Rather, it was
an anti-attitude, since the misfortune and misery of people in Yugoslavia consisted precisely in the fact
that they had to choose between two sources of distress, one having to be judged as clearly a lesser evil.
Nationalist sentiments in Serbia dictated, in real life, an attitude of opposition both to the regime
BOEUPUIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNNVOJUZ1FPQMFLOFXBOEGFMUUIBUUIFTFXFSFUIFJSUXPPQQSFTTPST)Pw-
ever, when considering which is the greater source of misery, those who drop bombs (all the while
threatening to do it again and more severely) while keeping austere economic sanctions endlessly in
place (by far a bigger killer over the long run than cruise missiles) are clear winners. By deeming the
international community a greater source of evil, an illusion of support for the regime was created,
when in fact it was essentially a negative attitude. This is then played out in the mainstream media as
iOBUJPOBMJTUTFOUJNFOUTuUIBUDBO KVTUJGZXIBUFWFSQVOJTINFOUUIFJOUFSOational community cares to
mete out to Serbs and the other 26 nationalities living in Yugoslavia.
'JOBMMZ XFDPVMEBTLXIZXPVME,PØUVOJDBCFCSBOEFEBOBUJPOBMJTU JOUIFCBETFOTFPGUIFXPSE
Two reasons were often cited. First, Koštunica condemned the 1999 war and labelled NATO’s prose-
cuUJPOPGUIFBJSDBNQBJHOBTBTFSJFTPGiDSJNJOBMBDUTu BOETFDPOE IF BDPOTUJUVUJPOBMMBXZFS EJEOPU
recognize the legitimacy of the BEIPD DSJNJOBMUSJCVOBMJO5IF)BHVF)PXFWFS UIFPQJOJPOTUIBU
NATO committed XBSDSJNFTBOEUIBU5IF)BHVFUSJCVOBMJTBQPMJUJDBMQMPZTFSWJOHUIFTBNFQVSQPTF
as sanctions and bombing campaigns had been universally held in Serbia as well as in many places well
beyond its borders. Would this make all those who think so, whether they are in India, Russia, China,
PSUIFBOUJXBSBDUJWJTUTGSPNUIF64BOEFMTFXIFSF IBSEMJOF4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTUT 0GDPVSTFOPU
Once more we see at play here what I have called the non-descriptive attitudinal character of lan-
guage. The difference this UJNFJTUIBU SBUIFSUIBOUVSOJOHPOUIFQPTJUJWFNFBOJOHPGUIFXPSEiEFNo-
DSBUJDu UIFHBNF VOGPMETPOUIFCBTJT PGUIFOFHBUJWF NFBOJOH PGUIFQISBTFi4FSCJBOOBUJPOBMJTNu
carefully crafted throughout the 1990s, the years of demonization of the Serbs in the Western media. 7
7
A veteran foreign correspondent, Russell F. Anderson, who covered events starting from the Spanish Civil War,
reveals in a letter to the editor of the /FX:PSL5JNFT (October 30, 1994) that he was troubled with the new prac-
tice of reporters voicing their own comments on events. The reporter he had in mind in particular was CNN’s
$ISJTUJBOF"NBOQPVS)FXSJUFTi%VSJOHNZUJNFBTBKPVSOBMJTU UIFXBUDIXPSEXBTUPCFXBSFPGIBMG-truths
CFDBVTFZPVNBZIBWFHPUIPMEPGUIFXSPOHIBMGu8IFOJUDPNFTUPSFQPSUTEFBMJOHXJUI4FSCJBEVSJOHthe 1990s,
NBOZiXSPOHIBMWFTuIBWFCFFOIBTUJMZHPUUFOIPMEPG BQQBSFOUMZPOQVSQPTF5IJTBUUJUVEF BQQSPBDIJOHHFOo-
cidal journalism, is perhaps best crystallized in the shocking words Thomas L. Friedman exclaimed during NATO
369
Yet again, the word game, now with a different phrase, serves the purpose of concealing the activities of
UIFiJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNNVOJUZuUIBUTIPVMESFBMMZCFBUJTTVF BOEUPQSFWFOUUIFSFBMRVFTUJPOTGSPN
even being raised. The lexicon of denial expands.
i3&7&34&&5)/*$$-&"/4*/(u"/%i3&7&/(&,*--*/(u
Going again a bit further back to the time soon after NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, to the second
half of 1999, after NATO troops moved to Kosovo, we encounter two most curious phrases ubiqui-
UPVTMZFNQMPZFECZKPVSOBMJTUT QPMJUJDBMBOBMZTUT BOEFWFOBDBEFNJDTiSFWFSTFFUIOJDDMFBOTJOHuBOE
iSFWFOHF LJMMJOHu 5IFTF JOOPDFOU-sounding phrases harbour a dangerous attitude of complacency
toward true massacres of countless civilians.
In sharp contrast to the spring of 1999, when citizens of Western nations were barraged with an-
ecdotal accounts of alleged atrocities in Kosovo supposedly committed by Serbian troops against ethnic
Albanians, the media were largely silent during the summer of 1999. The media chose, for the most
part, not to report on the unfolding wave of atrocities committed by the Kosovo Liberation Army
(KLA) against the non-Albanian (and even non-Muslim Albanian) population in Kosovo. Nor have
they reported the mass destruction of Serbian houses, farms, and Orthodox churches.8
This muted response was curious for two reasons. First, we ought to remember that the avalanche
of spring 1999 stories materialized in the Western media despite the fact that all international observers
were evacuated from Kosovo in the wake of NATO bombings. By contrast, there was a deafening si-
MFODFEVSJOHUIFTVNNFSBOEGBMMPGEFTQJUFUIFPWFSXIFMNJOHJOUFSOBUJPOBMQSFTFODFNBTTBDSFT
of Serbs, Roma, and others by KLA-Albanians were happening in fSPOU PG BCPVU /"50-
EPNJOBUFEiQFBDFLFFQFSTu
The second curiosity had to do with the language found in the few reports on the unfolding situa-
UJPO *OQBSUJDVMBS UXPOFXMZDPODPDUFE QISBTFT EJE BCPVOEiSFWFOHFLJMMJOHTuBOE iSFWFSTFFUIOJD
cleansinHu$POTJEFSUIFCVJMU-in bias of these phrases of choice. These words not only seem to justify
the Western military intervention based on initial violence, but also appear to justify the choice to do
nothing but sit and watch the later massacres. Because UIFZBSFiSFWFOHFuBOEiSFWFSTFu UIFTFLJMMJOHT
and the ethnic cleansing bear the marks of approval by those deploying these phrases. As long as West-
ern politicians and journalists continued to play these word games, their words would serve to encour-
age massacres.
'PSUIPTFXIPNJHIUUIJOLUIBUUIFTFXPSETXFSFXFMMDIPTFO DPOTJEFSUIJTUIFEJTUJODUJPOCe-
UXFFOiFUIOJDDMFBOTJOHuBOEiSFWFSTFFUIOJDDMFBOTJOHuEPFTOPUIFMQEFTDSJCFBOZQBSUJDVMBSTJUVBUJPO
The use of these phrases is simply an indication of the precise point in time those who use them be-
CPNCJOHi-JLFJUPSOPU Xe are at war with the Serbian nation and the stakes have to be very clear… every week
XFXJMMTFUZPVSDPVOUSZCBDLCZQVMWFSJ[JOHZPV:PVXBOU 8FDBOEP:PVXBOU 8FDBOEP
UPPu /FX:PSL5JNFT "QSJM 4FDUJPO"

8
On JUTXFCTJUF 63-IUUQXXXEFDBOJZVOFUDPNIPNFIUNM
UIF4FSCJBO0SUIPEPY$IVSDIPGGFSTBEFUBJMFE
SFQPSUPGTVGGFSJOHUJUMFEi(PMHPUIBPG,PTPWP4FSCTBOE.JOPSJUZ(SPVQTJO1PTU-XBS,PTPWPu
370
DBNFJOUFSFTUFEJOUIFPOHPJOHFWFOUT)BEUIFZDIPTFOUPTUBSUQBZJOHBUUFOUJPOBUTPNFFBSMJFSQPJOU
say in relation to what the Kosovo Albanians did to the Serbs in the 1970s and 1980s, the order of these
phrases would have been different.9 8FXPVMEIBWFIBEiFUIOJDDMFBOTJOHuPG4FSCTGSPN,PTPWPJO
UIFFJHIUJFT UIFOiSFWFSTFFUIOJDDMFBOTJOHuPG"MCBOJBOTBUUIFFOEPGUIFOJOFUJFT BOEêOBMMZiSFWFSTFE
SFWFSTFDMFBOTJOHuPG4FSCT GPMMPXJOH/"50BHgression in 1999. Maybe the story would be even more
complicated than this.
5IFTBNFBQQMJFTUPUIFQISBTFTiLJMMJOHTuBOEiSFWFOHFLJMMJOHTu"EEJOHUIFXPSETiSFWFSTFuBOE
iSFWFOHFuDSFBUFTBOJNQSFTTJPOPGKVTUJêDBUJPOGPSUIPTFBDUTUIBUMFBEUPgeneral inaction in trying to
prevent the than unfolding round of violence. This word game is particularly dangerous as it helps
spread massacres while hiding the West’s inactivity or, worse, encouragement of abuses. The lexicon of
denial grows even further.
The examples of word games considered so far are just a few among many that could be identified
in the Western public discourse about Yugoslavia. Similar word games abound, however, in what pass-
es for scholarship on this topic. I now turn to considering an example of this kind that will also help us
understand some key aspects of developments that followed the so-DBMMFEiEFNPDSBUJDSFWPMVUJPOuJO
Yugoslavia.
"$"%&.*$%*4$0634&0/:6(04-"7*".03&803%(".&4
It can be said with confidence that the iEFNPDSBUJDSFWPMVUJPOuNBEFJUQPTTJCMFGPSiJOUFSOBUJPOBM
KVTUJDFuUPGJOETPNFSFBMBQQMJDBUJPOTJO:VHPTMBWJB#VUUPNBLFJUMJLFMZUIBUSFBMQFPQMF JODMVEJOHB
former President who was indicted while NATO aggression against Yugoslavia was in full swing,
XPVMEFOEVQJOIBOEDVGGTBOEFYQFEJUFEUP5IF)BHVFTPNFNPSFXPSEHBNFTXFSFOFDFTTBSZ&WFO
scholars did not hesitate to take part, thus contributing to the quite distorted discourse on Yugoslavia.
By taking a look at one such example we can at the same time illuminate to some degree the real nature
PGUIFSFHJNFUIBUUPPLUIFQPXFSPWFSBGUFS0DUPCFS JO#FMHSBEF UIFTP-called Democratic
Opposition of Serbia or DOS.
"/"-:;*/(5)&1045-.*-0»&7*Ƃ1&3*0%*/4&3#*"
"VESFZ )FMGBOU #VEEJOHT QQ -164) A5IF .BO 8IP 0WFSUISFX .JMPTFWJD 7PKJTMBW
,PØUVOJDB 0OF:FBS-BUFS published in 5IF'MFUDIFS'PSVN in 2002, might have seemed as a welcome
assessment of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia’s (DOS) first year in power. Though the article
9
In this respect early reports by David Binder of the NeX:PSL5JNFT are a must read. In his column *O:VHPTMBWJB
3JTJOH &UIOJD4USJGF #SJOHT'FBST PG8PSTF $JWJM $POëJDU
IF XSJUFT i4MBWJD0SUIPEPY DIVSDIFT IBWF CFFO
BUUBDLFE BOE ëBHT IBWF CFFO UPSO EPXO 8FMMT IBWF CFFO QPJTPOFE BOE DSPQT CVSOFE 4MBWJD CPZT IBWF CFFO
LOJGFE BOETPNFZPVOHFUIOJD"MCBOJBOTIBWFCFFOUPMECZUIFJSFMEFSTUPSBQF4FSCJBOHJSMTuOn July 12, 1982, also
in the /FX:PSL5JNFT, in a piece titled &YPEVTPG4FSCJBOT4UJST1SPWJODFJO:VHPTMBWJB Binder reports that already
4FSCTXFSFGPSDFEUPMFBWF,PTPWP BOEUIFJEFBPGBOiFUIOJDBMMZDMFBO,PTPWPuBQQFBSTQFSIBQTGPSUIFêSTU
time in the press.
371
QSJNBSJMZGPDVTFTPO,PØUVOJDBTQPMJUJDBMTUBOEJOHTJODFIFPWFSUISFX4MPCPEBO.JMPØFWJǃBTBSFTVMUPG
UIF GBMM iFVQIPSJDu RVBTJ-revolution that installed him as president of the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, the piece attempted to offer a rare analytical look at the nature of the DOS as a political
structure. This is a topic worthy of exploration for anyone interested in understanding the political
currents in post-.JMPØFWJǃ4FSCJBBOEUIFEJSFDUJPOUIFZNJHIUIBWFUBLFO)PXFWFS UIFBSUJDMFDon-
tains at least three types of common mistakes in the still meagre literature on post-.JMPØFWJǃ:VHPTMa-
WJBUIBUTIPVMECFDPSSFDUFENJTDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOPGUIFFWFOUTBOENBJOQMBZFST DPOGVTJPOPGBUUJUVEFT
for descriptions of reality, and faulty inferences mostly due to misguided assumptions.
It is common, and Budding is no exception, to characterize the DOS as a coalition of political par-
UJFT UIPVHITIFQSPCBCMZHPFTPWFSCPBSECZDBMMJOHJUBiCSPBEDPBMJUJPOu*OGBDU JUXBTOFJUIFS0OF
may think thBUJUXBTiCSPBEuCFDBVTFJUIBECFFO DFSUBJOMZJOJUJBMMZ DPOTUJUVUFEPVUPGFOUJUJFT BOE
then thinking of those entities as political parties with diverse political viewpoints. This is the first im-
portant mischaracterization by Budding imported from the public discourse on DOS and uncritically
introduced into what should have been a scholarly analysis. For what had the DOS been since its origi-
OBUJPOJO+BOVBSZ *UXBTBDPOHMPNFSBUFPGUXPQBSUJFT— the Democratic Party (DS) and the
Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) (which for all intents and purposes was quickly pushed out of the
conglomerate, in fact as early as of the fall 2001) — and 16 other entities most of which were at best DS
satellites.
*TBZiFOUJUJFTu BOEiDPOHMPNFSBUFu POQVSQPTF GPS UIF UFSNiDPBMJUJPOuJTVTVBMMZSFTFSWFEGPS
groupings of political parties. The DOS was not made up exclusively, or even primarily, of political
parties. For example, G 17 Plus was officially a non-governmental organization (NGO), though it was
set up more like a consulting firm on economic issues connected to the World Bank and IMF. Yet, this
entity, whatever it was, supplied at the time the Vice President of the Federation, Miroljub Labus, and
the governor of the National Bank of Yugoslavia — two out of three or four top positions in the coun-
try. Another example of an entity within the DOS with an unclear status as to whether it was an insti-
tute or NGO, but which had not declared itself a political party, was the Democratic Center. It was run
by DragoljuC.JǃVOPWJǃ XIPTJNVMUBOFPVTMZTFSWFEBTUIF1SFTJEFOUPGUIF$PVODJMPG$JUJ[FOTPGUIF
Federal Parliament. Imagine, for example, the Executive Director of the CATO Institute serving as
4QFBLFSPGUIF)PVTFPG3FQSFTFOUBUJWFTJOUIF645SZQPOEFSJOHUIis contradiction of nongovern-
mental organizations constituting the essential parts of a government. Other entities were political
parties in name only, for they had no followers beyond their leaders, who were often ineffectual figures
in their appearance aOE QSPOPVODFNFOUT 5IF QSJNF FYBNQMFT IFSF XPVME CF ÂBSLP ,PSBǃ PG UIF
4PDJBMJTU %FNPDSBUJD 6OJPO BOE 7MBEBO #BUJǃ PG UIF 4FSCJBO %FNP-Christian Party. Consequently,
NBOZiMFBEFSTuPGDPNQMFUFMZJOTJHOJGJDBOUiQPMJUJDBMuFOUJUJFT BOE BCTVSEMZ PG/(0TQMayed roles of
importance in the government that were massively disproportional to what they might have been as-
signed through even the most modest democratic procedure.
#VEEJOHDSFEJUT,PØUVOJDBGPSiSBMMZJOH4FSCJBTGSBDUVSFEPQQPTJUJPOCFIJOEIJNu BDDFntuating
UIBUUIJTXBTIJTiGFBUu5IJTJTJODPSSFDUJOUXPXBZTGJSTU JUHJWFTUPPNVDIDSFEJUUP,PØUVOJDB BOE
second, it overemphasizes the achieved unity of the opposition prior to the 2000 elections. Citing the
372
crisis of the federal state and the TQMJU XJUIJO UIF SVMJOH iDPBMJUJPOu PG UIF GBMM #VEEJOH SJHIUMZ
BTLFE EJE,PØUVOJDBTUJMMIBWFBOJNQPSUBOUSPMFUPQMBZPSXBTIFKVTUBUSBOTJUJPOBMGJHVSF *UXBTB
NJTUBLFUPUIJOLUIBUUIFDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOPG,PØUVOJDBBTNFSFMZBiUSBOTJUJPOBMGJHVSFuXBTBQIFOPm-
enon that only emerged in 2001. In fact, this was the hope and determination of the DS leadership that
POFDPVMEIFBSPOUIFTUSFFUTPG#FMHSBEFBTFBSMZBT"VHVTU)BWJOHOPDIBODFIJNTFMGXJUIUIF
FMFDUPSBUFUPPVTU.JMPØFWJǃ ;PSBOƄJOǅJǃ UIF%4MFBEFS BMXBZTUIPVHIUPG,PØUVOJDBBTBiUSBOTJUJPn-
BMuGJHVSF BUCFTU
Any analysis of the post-.JMPØFWJǃQFSJPEJO4FSCJBNVTUBEESFTTUIFSFBMJUZPGUIFBMNPTUUPUBMBb-
sence, or at least remarkably slow pace, of political, legal, and economic reform despite loud promises
for immediate and dramatic change. According to Budding, the enthusiasm for change evaporated for
UXPSFBTPOTVODFSUBJOUZPWFSUIFGVUVSFPGUIFGFEFSBMTUBUF DPOTJTUJOHPG4FSCJBBOE.POUFOFHSP
BOE
the breakdown of cooperation within the DOS. Though these are important and plausible reasons to
take into account, they cannot provide a basis for nearly as good an explanation as some other consid-
erations. Budding is wrong to fault the DSS for the lack of cooperation. In his penetrating and aptly
titled article, %04#FUXFFO3FWPMVUJPOBOE3FGPSN .JMBO#SEBS Q-201) had convincingly
explained the lack of reform in terms of a systemic identity between the old communist regime and the
ruling group that constituted the DOS. Brdar leaves aside the fact that except for Koštunica, the DOS
was largely made up of former members of the Communist Party (KP) — even officials belonging to
the communist nomenclature and formerly dissident professors of Marxism who promptly renamed
UIFNTFMWFTiMJCFSBMTu— and focuses on the systemic, extra-institutional position of the DOS presiden-
cy, just as was the case with the presidency of the KP. There is an identical, uncompromising manner
in pursuing the interest of remaining in power, expressed in the phenomenon of subordinating all
QSPDMBJNFEHPBMTUPUIJTVMUJNBUFFOE*OTVNNBSZ #SEBS QQ-
BWFST
i*UJTGVUJMFUPLFFQBTTFSUJOHUIBU%04JTBDPBMJUJPO GPSJUCFIBWFTUISPVHIJUTVOJGJFEMFBEFSTIJQ
(the DOS Presidency) as a single party with 18 fractions. More importantly, the DOS Presidency as a
body operates above and outside of all political institutions, including the parliament and the govern-
NFOU FWFOUIF4VQSFNF$PVSU
*OJUTTUBUVTUIF%041SFTJEFODZJTiCPVOECZOPMBXTu BTDPNSBEF
Lenin used to say) including the republic and federal Constitutions. Consequently, it is abundantly
DMFBSUIBU%04IBTCFDPNFUIFTVQSFNFQVSQPTFPGUIFiOFXEFNPDSBUJDQPMJUJDTu5IFiOFXuJT VOGPr-
UVOBUFMZ JEFOUJDBMUPUIFiPMEu/PXPOEFSUIFQBDFPGJOTUJUVUJPOBMDIBOHFIBTCFFOIBMUFEUPBDSBXMu
No analyst of the post-.JMPØFWJǃDIBQUFSJOUIF#BMLBOTBHBDBOGBJMUPOPUJDFUIFBXLXBSEOFTTPG
the fact that, at the time when the DOS was already well into its second year in QPXFS UIFiDPBMJUJPOu
XBTTUJMMDBMMFEUIF%FNPDSBUJD0QQPTJUJPOPG4FSCJB#VEEJOHUIPVHIUUIJTXBTiTJHOJGJDBOUuBOETBXJO
JUSFBTPOGPSPQUJNJTNUIBUUIFMFBEFSTXJUIJO%04XPVMEiIFBMUIFSJGUBOESFTUPSFUIFDPBMJUJPOTVOi-
UZu-FBWJOHBTJEFIFSJNQMJDJUCVUEVCJPVTBOE VOQSPWFOBTTVNQUJPOUIBUUIJTLJOE PGiVOJUZuXBT
TPNFUIJOHOFDFTTBSJMZHPPE BOEPOFNBZXPOEFSGPSXIPN
JUJTTUJMMBHPPERVFTUJPOUPBTL8IZ
JOEFFEXBTUIF%04TPEFTQFSBUFMZIBOHJOHPOUPJUTUSBEFNBSLi%04u
No understanding, however, could be gained if we assume, as Budding did, that this had anything
373
UPEPXJUIUIFJTTVFPGiVOJUZu NJTUBLFOMZBTTVNJOHUIBUJUXBTUIFSFUPCFHJOXJUI CVUTPNFIPXHPU
lost along the way. Instead, we may want to explore three hypotheses that might explain why the DOS
XBTZFBSTMBUFSTUJMMDBMMFEi%04u
UIF%04XBTBDPOHMPNFSBUFPGFOUJUJFT BOEJUXPVMECFFx-
DFFEJOHMZIBSEGPSUIFNUPDPNFUPBOBHSFFNFOUSFHBSEJOHBOFXOBNF
UIFSFXBTNVDITZNCPMJD
DBQJUBMJOUIFOBNFi%04u XIJDh is associated with a successful overthrow of the old regime, and it
therefore made sense to stick with a winning symbol, and (3) the name served just to remind people,
i.e., the potential electorate, that however miserable a failure they may be in the spheres of economy
and reform, they could not possibly be as bad as the prior regime. I find the last explanation to be the
CFTUPOFUIFMBCFMi%04uTFSWFEBTBUISFBUFOJOHSFNJOEFSUIBUTIPVMEBMMFHJBODFUPUIFSVMJOHHSPVQ
falter, the tragedy of descendinHCBDLJOUPUIF.JMPØFWJǃFSB BMMFHFE
NJTFSZ UPHFUIFSXJUIJOUFSOBUJPn-
al economic sanctions and wars, would unfold — a reminder which also functioned as part of an ar-
gument, recited literally on a daily basis, that no new elections were necessary. Thus, the result was
JOTUJUVUJPOBMJ[FEGBJMVSF
"55*56%&4 /05%&4$3*15*0/4
Whenever a new leader emerges, it is natural for analysts, historians, or journalists to want to place
him or her in historical, political, ideological, and other contexts by comparing them to other im-
QPSUBOUGJHVSFT QBTUBOEQSFTFOU)FODF JUJTOPTVSQSJTFUIBU#VEEJOHXPVMEXBOUUPEFTDSJCFJOXIBU
XBZT,PØUVOJDBNJHIUEJGGFSGSPN.JMPØFWJǃPSƄJOǅJǃ5IJTDBOCFEPOFJONBOZXBZT TPNFNPSF
serious or responsible than others. Unfortunately, however, too often this becomes a word game of
TJNQMZTFBSDIJOHGPSUIF NPTU iBQQSPQSJBUFu— according to some never specified criteria —phrase
BMNPTUSFHVMBSMZDPOTJTUJOHPGKVTUUXPXPSETUIBUBMMFHFEMZCFTUiEFTDSJCFuUIFJOEJWJEVBM5IVT #Vd-
EJOH IBWJOH JNQMJFE UIBU .JMPØFWJǃ XBT B iIBSE-MJOF OBUJPOBMJTUu TUSVHHMFT CFUXFFO UISFF QPTTJCMF
labels for Koštunica — iNPEFSBUFOBUJPOBMJTUu iQSJODJQMFEOBUJPOBMJTU uBOEiEFNPDSBUJDOBUJPOBMJTU u
XIJMFTIFTFUUMFTRVJUFFBTJMZPOiQSBHNBUJD OPO-natJPOBMJTUuBTUIF CFTUDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOGPS ƄJOǅJǃ
despite sensing that there may be some problems with it.
Regardless of what could be gained from trying to formulate fitting two-word labels for political
figures, it is important to realize that these GPSNVMBUJPOTBSFOPUXIBUUIFZBSFFYQMJDJUMZQSFTFOUFEBT
namely, they are not descriptions at all. In fact, these choices of formulations are more revealing and
help us learn further truths about people who use them rather than pointing to anything useful about
the individuals so labelled. This is why statements in which these phrases figure, despite the pretence of
their users to present them in a descriptive role, only manage to signal attitudes of their users.
An example may clarify this. Most people will remember the 2000 presidential elections when
(FPSHF8#VTIQSFTFOUFEIJNTFMGBTBiDPNQBTTJPOBUFDPOTFSWBUJWFu EFQMPZJOHUIFQISBTFBUFWFSZ
opportunity. Now, we could ask ourselves, does this two-word self-MBCFMEFTDSJCF#VTIPSBOZPOFFMTF
Quite PCWJPVTMZ JUEPFTOPU*UTQVSQPTFJTOPUUPEFTDSJCFSBUIFS JUJTDMFBSMZBTFMG-serving attempt by a
candidate to communicate the message that he thinks of himself as a nice guy wanting others to think
the same (perhaps as someone with whom they might want to have a beer). The word game is always
374
played based on a negative or positive connotation of one or both words that make up the label of
choice.
)BWJOHSFWFBMFEUIFOBUVSFPGUIFXPSEHBNFJORVFTUJPO XFNBZOPXDPOTJEFSXIBU JGBOZUIJOH
do we MFBSOGSPN#VEEJOHhTDIPJDFPGMBCFMTGPS.JMPØFWJǃ ,PØUVOJDB BOEƄJOǅJD *OGBDU XFMFBSOMJUUMF
BCPVUUIPTF4FSCJBOQPMJUJDJBOT CVUXFDBOTVSNJTFGSPNUIFGBDUUIBUiIBSE-MJOFuBOEiOBUJPOBMJTUuBSF
EFQMPZFE XJUI OFHBUJWF DPOOPUBUJPOT XIJMF iQSBHNBUJTUu BOE iOPO-OBUJPOBMJTUu DMFBSMZ IBWF QPTJUJWF
DPOOPUBUJPOT UIBU#VEEJOHCFMJFWFT PSXBOUTVTUPCFMJFWF UIBU.JMPØFWJǃXBTBUFSSJCMFDIBSBDUFS UIBU
,PØUVOJDBXBTBCJU CVUOPUNVDI CFUUFS BOEUIBUƄJOǅJǃXBTFWFOCFUUFS DMFBSMZUIFCFTUPGUIFUISFF
for he was the only one for whom both selected characterizing words are loaded with positive meaning
JOFSUJB*UXPVME CFFYUSFNFMZJOUFSFTUJOHUPLOPXXIBU DSJUFSJPO PGiCFUUFSu PSiCFTUu
JT PQFSBUJWF
IFSF BOE QBSUJDVMBSMZ CFUUFS GPS XIPN )FSF UIF QISBTF iOPO-OBUJPOBMJTUu BT B DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO PG
ƄJOǅJǃJTSFWFBMJOH GPSJUTVHHFTUTDMFBSMZUIBUUIFSFMFWBOUDSJUFSJPOPGiCFUUFSuJTOPUTPNFUIJOHUIBU
UBLFT QFPQMF PG 4FSCJB PS :VHPTMBWJB BT JOUFOEFE CFOFGJDJBSJFT 'PS IPX DPVME IBWJOH B iOPO-
naUJPOBMJTUuPDDVQZJOHLFZMFBEFSTIJQQPTJUJPOCFJOUIFJOUFSFTUPGBOZOBUJPO *NBHJOFBQSFTJEFOUJBM
race in the U.S. where a candidate would run on a platform that he (or she) would always, on every
occasion, subjugate the American national interest to, for example, the interest of Israel, some other
DPVOUSZ PSQFSIBQTTPNFUIJOHBTCJ[BSSFBTUIFiJOUFSOBUJPOBMDPNNVOJUZu
5IFSFJT IPXFWFS BOPUIFSJTTVFUPDPOTJEFSIFSF8IBUEPUIFJOEJWJEVBMXPSETPGDIPJDFNFBO
in this context, and are they BQQSPQSJBUFMZDIPTFO 'PSFYBNQMF XIBUEPFTJUNFBOUPDBMMƄJOǅJǃB
iQSBHNBUJTUu 8BTUIFQVSQPTFPGVTJOHUIJTMBCFMMJOHQFSIBQTUPTQJOPSNBTLIJTTVCTFSWJFOUBUUJUVEF
UPXBSETUIFSFBMQPXFSJOUIFXPSME 0SXBTJUTQVSQPTFUPTVQQPSUUIFJOUFOEFEDPOtrast with respect
UP.JMPØFWJǃBOE,PØUVOJDBBT iOBUJPOBMJTUTu TPUIBUJGPOFXFSFUPTFF GPS FYBNQMF UIF GPPUBHFPG
ƄJOǅJǃGFBTUJOHPOBSPBTUFEWFBMJOUIFXBSDBQJUBMPG#PTOJBO4FSCT 1BMF CBDLJO XJUI3BEPWBO
,BSBEßJǃBOEPUIFST POFTIPVME UIFODIBSBDUFSJ[FUIJTBTIJTiQSBHNBUJTUuGFBUVSFBOEOPUUIFiOBUJPn-
BMJTUuPOF'JOBMMZ JG*IBETQBDFGPSBNPSFEFUBJMFEBOBMZTJT *XPVMEDIBMMFOHFBMMPG#VEEJOHhTDIBSBc-
UFSJ[BUJPOTPGDIPJDFFYDFQUQFSIBQTiQSJODJQMFEuJOUIFDBTFPG,PØUVOJDB*U surpasses the confines of
UIJTBSUJDMF CVUBNPSFDBSFGVMBOBMZTJTPG.JMPØFWJǃXPVMETIPXUIBUIFXBTOPUBOBUJPOBMJTU BTOP
DPNNVOJTU PSGPSNFSDPNNVOJTU
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dealing with a very hostile super power targeting his country not just with economic sanctions, but also
with strong propaganda attacks, and finally all out aggression.
8)"544$*&/$&8*5)06513&%*$5*0/4
Scientists, including social scientists, often see their theories or analyses as devices that can gener-
ate predictions of interest. Budding is no different. Before we look at what she came up with, it is worth
considering what possible value could predictions based on attitudes disguised as descriptions have. It
is clear that much contemporaneous writing on Yugoslavia that passes for scholarship in the West
endeavoured to influence attitudes. Thus, it is important to recall the cautionary remark by Charles L.
4UFWFOTPO Q
iUPQPJOUPVUQFSTVBTJPOJTOPUUPDPOEFNOJUUIFpractical problem is not to

BWPJEBMMQFSTVBTJPO CVUUPEFDJEFXIJDIUPBWPJEBOEXIJDIUPBDDFQUu$POTFRVFOUMZ UIFRVFTUJPO
becomes, why BWPJE Budding-TUZMFQFSTVBTJPO 5IFTJNQMZBOTXFSJTCFDBVTFJUJTFGGFDUFECZEFQMPZJOH
XIBUNBZCFDBMMFEiQSPQBHBOEJTUJDNFBOJOHu
The word game of Budding’s analysis plays on the careful placement of emotive terms, whether
XJUIQPTJUJWFPSOFHBUJWFNFBOJOHJOFSUJB PSXIBU"MCFSUBOE&MJ[BCFUI-FF
DBMMiKFXFMXPSETuPS
iUIVNCT-EPXOuXPSET5IVT#VEEJOHTMBCFMMJOHPG.JMPØFWJǃBTiIBSEMJOFOBUJPOBMJTUuBUUIFFNPUJPOBM
MFWFMCFDPNFTBiUIVNC-down, thumb-EPXOuQISBTF XIJMFIFSDIBSBDUFSJTBUJPOPG,PØUVOJDB XIFUIFS
BTBiNPEFSBUFOBUJPOBMJTUu iQSJODJQMFEOBUJPOBMJTUu PSiEFNPDSBUJDOBUJPOBMJTUu CFDPNFTBiKFXFMXPSE
thumb-EPXOuQISBTF BOEIFSEFQJDUJPOPG ƄJOǅJǃBTiQSBHNBUJTUOPO-OBUJPOBMJTUuCFDPNFTBiKFXFM
XPSE KFXFMXPSEuQISBTF5IJTCSJOHTVTUPUIFTFDPOEJNQPSUBOUJOTJHIUPG4UFWFOTPOT Q

iFNPUJWFUFSNTBSFHSFBUPCTUBDMFTUPEFUBchment, and their use in science, where detachment is needed,
NVTUBMXBZTCFBUUFOEFECZHSFBUDBVUJPOu5PTJHOBM OPUPOMZDBVUJPO CVUBMTPDPNQMFUFSFKFDUJPOPG
word games deploying phrases with propagandistic meaning within scholarship is the most important
point of the analytical efforts in this article. But, let us return to Budding’s purpose.
Budding, in writing her piece, was interested in taking a look ahead and predicting what was in
store politically for Koštunica who, based on her analysis of UIF %04hTGJSTUZFBSJOQPXFS XBTiOP
MPOHFSBMFBEFSPGBUSVMZVOJUFEDPBMJUJPOu4IFBHSFFEXJUIƄJOǅJǃTGPSNVMBUJPOUIBU CFDBVTFPGIJT
QPQVMBSJUZ ,PØUVOJDBXPVMESFNBJOJNQPSUBOUBTiBCSJEHFCFUXFFOUSBEJUJPOBMBOESFGPSNJTU4FSCJBu
The conclusiPO#VEEJOHDPNFTUP CZTJNQMZGPMMPXJOHƄJOǅJǃ JTJODPSSFDUPOTFWFSBMDPVOUTBOEJT
QPTTJCMZFWFODPOUSBEJDUPSZEFQFOEJOHPOIPXPOFUBLFTƄJOǅJǃTXPSET*UXBTUSVFJO CVUUSJWi-
BMMZTP UIBU,PØUVOJDBXBTOPUBMFBEFSPGBiVOJGJFEDPBMJUJPOuCFcause, as we have seen, the DOS was
OPUBDPBMJUJPO OPSIBEJUFWFSCFFOUSVMZVOJGJFE5IFUBMLPGBCSJEHFUPXBSETiSFGPSNJTU4FSCJBuXBTBU
the time completely moot, since reforms were for the most part nonexistent chiefly because, as Brdar
has demonstrated, the DOS presidency operated fully outside of institutional confines just as was the
practice of the communist Politburo, but those were the times when the multi party system did not
exist. Finally, there is an apparent contradiction in the idea that Koštunica could remain important —
in other than a historical sense — in the event the reformist Serbia ever came into being. The statement
CZƄJOǅJǃ UPNBOZPGUIPTFGBNJMJBSXJUIIJN MPPLTNVDINPSFMJLFUIFTVHHFTUJPOUIBU,PØUVOJDB
would no longer be needed once true reforms take place and he would, therefore, only be remembered
as someone who helped facilitate this transition.
5IFUBMLPGiSFGPSNJTU4FSCJBuPSBiTUBUFJOUSBOTJUJPOu JUJTBMNPTUOFFEMFTTUPTBZ SFQSFTFOUTZFU
another word game, MPBEFEXJUIQSPQBHBOEJTUJDNFBOJOHXIFSF PGDPVSTF iSFGPSNuBOEiUSBOTJUJPOu
are jewel words, commending the move, applicable to the entire Eastern Europe in the post-Cold War
QFSJPE BXBZGSPNUIFQMBOFETPDJBMJTUUPUIFiGSFFNBSLFUuFDPOPNZ3BUIFSUIan rely on these sorts of
emotive terms and plays on words in order to predict what would happen to a politician like Koštuni-
ca, a serious scholar interested in Serbia, could easily argue that no one should have expected that any
positive JOTUJUVUJPOBM change could be instigated either by the media or by the civil society in Serbia.
376
Contrary to what might have been expected in the aftermath of political change in October 2000,
the media in Serbia did not assume an objective stance. That expectation seemed natural given that
during the previous period the media were quite regularly subjected to various pressures and often
drastically sanctioned for alleged defamation of the previous regime. But it is interesting to point to a
MFHBMJTUJDCBTJTGPSUIJTUIFQrevious regime felt the burden of illegitimacy, generated to a large extent by
the kind of word games discussed in this chapter that were displayed both internationally and domesti-
cally, and the government had the tendency to stick to the letter of the law in cases of explicit anti-
regime activity — thus opening the door for criticism. In the new post-.JMPØFWJǃTJUVBUJPO UIFNFEJB
KVTUDPOUJOVFEPJOHXIBUJUXBTEPJOHBMMBMPOH CVUUIJTUJNFiGSFFMZu XJUIPVUSFTUSJDUJPO
It should be emphasized that even VOEFS .JMPØFWJǃ UIF NFEJB GPS UIF NPTU QBSU IBE BO BOUJ-
SFHJNF DIBSBDUFS JU UPPL BO BDUJWF QBSU JO QSPEVDJOH UIF BUNPTQIFSF PG QSPUFTU BOE DPOTUJUVUFE BO
element of the process that led to political change. This was in part true even for the element of the
media that was deemed as pro-regime. Then, in the immediate post-.JMPØFWJǃ QFSJPE B TJUVBUJPO
emerged in Serbia where the former pro-regime media were in a kind of competition with the former
anti-regime media in terms of who would supply greater support to the new post-.JMPØFWJǃSFHJNF"T
BSFTVMU XIJMFEVSJOH.JMPØFWJǃTSVMFTPNFTFOTFDPVMECFNBEFPGUIFEJTUJODUJPOCFUXFFOQSP- and
anti-regime media, this was no longer the case after the political change. The outcome was a contest in
apologetic endeavours with a total silencing of all criticism.
5IFTUBUFPGDJWJMTPDJFUZJO4FSCJBXBTOPUBOZCFUUFSJOJUDFSUBJOMZDPVMEOPUCFBGPSDFGPS
change and progress for the foreseeable future either. Serbian civil society as a network of nongovern-
NFOUBMPSHBOJ[BUJPOTDBNFJOUPFYJTUFODFEVSJOH.JMPØFWJǃhTSFJHONPTUMZEVFUPUIF8FTUFSOGJOBODJBM
support to help overthrow his regime. Civil society and the DOS were allies in this respect, and since
0DUPCFS XIFOUIF%04BTTVNFEQPXFS UIFEemarcation line between the civil society and the
state has almost completely disappeared. This can be seen in the fact that a non-governmental organi-
zation, G 17 Plus, was not only a part of the DOS, but its representatives also held some of the most
important posts in the government. More pathetically, this can be seen in the frequent griping by some
iEFTFSWJOHu JOUIFJSNJOE
OPO-HPWFSONFOUBMiIVNBOSJHIUTu- warriors resentful of the fact that not
enough of them had been given a spot in the ruling echelons.10 The expectation was, therefore, that
yesterday’s civil society leaders must be the next day's political leaders. This attitude spells the death of
civil society and makes it utterly useless for any meaningful change.
That this was the situation at the time, and that it would continue, could not possibly be clear to
anyone, be they scholars or not, if they were busy producing quite phrases loaded with propagandistic
meaning, thus peddling attitudes disguised as descriptions. Taking such discourse as the basis for pre-
diction could only lead to a definite escape from reality. But why do that, however, especially if one
10
" XPOEFSGVM FYBNQMF PG UIJT VUUFSMZ DPOGVTFE OPSNBUJWF TUBODF XBT QSPWJEFE CZ 0CSBE 4BWJǃ UIF MFBEFS PG
TPNFUIJOHDBMMFEUIF#FMHSBEF$JSDMF XIFOIFFYDMBJNFEi5IFQPMJUJDBMQSPKFDU<DBMMFE>iUIF4FDPOE4FSCJBuIBT
experienced a UPUBMGBJMVSF8IFSFBSFOPXQFPQMFGSPN#FMHSBEFDJSDMF 5IFZBSFOPUUPCFGPVOEJOUIFJOTUJUVUJPOT
OPPOFOFFETUIFNu RVPUFEJO +PLJD
BTSFQPSUFEPSJHJOBMMZCZXXXCFPHSBEDPNPO.BSDI
the site is no longer available).
377
XFSFFOHBHFEJOXIBUJTTVQQPTFEUPCFTDIPMBSTIJQ 5IJTJTBOJOUFSFTUJOHRVFTUJPO*XJMMUSZUPBOTXFS
in the final section of this article.
50(&55)&.*/5)&%0$,
The escape from reality, accomplished through engaging in various word games that the Western
discourse on Yugoslavia largely consists of — whether one can identify it in the public domain publi-
cised by politicians, journalists, and activists or offered by activist scholars — can be useful for certain
QVSQPTFT)FSFXFNBZXBOUUPCFSFNJOEFEPGUIFJOTJHIUCZ8JMMJBN*TBBD5IPNBT QQ-

JOIJTQISBTFi*GNBOEFGJOFTJUVBUJPOTBTSFBM UIFZBSFSFBMJOUIFJSDPOTFRVFODFTu What were the
DPOTFRVFODFTUIFEJTDPVSTFPO:VHPTMBWJBDPVMENBLFBDUVBMCZEFGJOJOHDFSUBJOTJUVBUJPOTBTiSFBMu
The obvious feature of this discourse on Yugoslavia is that it can exert influence on the new lead-
ership in the country in order to steer their policies in desired directions, whether this involved eco-
OPNJDiSFGPSNTu XIJDIXPVMEPQFOUIFTUBUF-owned enterprises to privatization at fire sale prices to
foreign interests (the so-called Washington Consensus), or make it possiblFGPSiJOUFSOBUJPOBMKVTUJDFu
UPUBSHFUJUTDJUJ[FOTEJSFDUMZXJUIBSSFTUTBOEUSBOTGFSTUP5IF)BHVF5IFMBUUFSJTPGJOUFSFTUUPVTJOUIJT
article, so let us see how this played out.
The International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was created in 1993 by the
UN Security Council resolution 808, and absolutely nothing of particular interest occurred there for
UIFSFTUPGUIFDFOUVSZBGFXiTNBMMGJTIuJOEJWJEVBMTXFSFBSSFTUFEJO#PTOJBBOE)FS[FHPWJOBCZUIF
occupying NATO troops, stationed there as peace keepers following the Dayton Accords signed in
BOEQVUPOUSJBMJO5IF)BHVF8JUIUIFQPMJUJDBMDIBOHFJO:VHPTMBWJBPG0DUPCFS BSFBM
opportunity presented itself for ICTY to receive some high profile accused, like President Slobodan
.JMPØFWJǃIJNTFMG)FSFTXIFSFUIFXPSEHBNFTDBOCFTFFOUPIBWFBEJTUJODUSPMF1SFTJEFOU,PØUVOi-
DB BiOBUJPOBMJTUu XBTTFFOBTBOPCTUBDMFUPBOZQPTTJCJMJUZGPSUSBOTGFSTPG:VHPTMBWDJUJ[FOTUP5IF
)BHVFHJWFOUIBUBTBQSPGFTTPSPGDPOTUJUVUJPOBMMBX BOEBOBWPXFEiMFHBMJTUu
IFLOFXUIJTXBTVn-
DPOTUJUVUJPOBM XIJMF1SJNF.JOJTUFSƄJOǅJǃ BiQSBHNBUJTUOPO-OBUJPOBMJTUu XBTPQFOUPDPPQFSBUJPO
even if it meant violating the country’s constitution.
As a result of various pressures, where different word games played no small part, in the end the
NBKPSMBOENBSLJOUIF*$5:TIJTUPSZUPPLQMBDFPO+VOF MFTTUIBOBZFBSGPMMPXJOHUIFiEFm-
PDSBUJDSFWPMVUJPOu XIFOGPSNFS1SFTJEFOU4MPCPEBO.JMPØFWJǃXBTUSBOTGFSSFEUPUIFUSJCVOBM’s custo-
EZ XIJDI$BSMB%FM1POUF UIF *$5:T1SPTFDVUPS DBMMFEiBOJNQPSUBOU NJMFTUPOFGPSJOUFSOBUJPOBM
DSJNJOBMKVTUJDFu*UUVSOFEPVUUIBU.JMPØFWJǃ DBTFXBT BO VOTJHIUMZ BGGBJS BTXBT BSHVFE FMTFXIFSF
%JDLTPO+PLJD Q-387). I conclude this article, however, with an anecdote that does well to
exemplify the operations of this law-like political body, called ICTY.
$POTJEFSBUJPOT PO UIF UPQJD PG iJOUFSOBUJPOBM KVTUJDFu VOEFSUBLFO IFSF TVHHFTU UIF GPMMPXJOH
While collectives often do things that individual persons would find infantile or otherwise wrong, the
TFBSDIGPSJOUFSOBUJPOBMKVTUJDFBQQFBSTUPIBWFUIFTBNFGBUFJUJTJOGBOUJMFUPDPNQBSFUPOBUJPOBMKVs-
tice in the civilized world. Let us illustrate this with an example narrated reUSPTQFDUJWFMZ0O.BZ
378
1998, the Judge Vohrah granted the leave requested by the Office of the ICTY Prosecutor, Richard
Goldstone, for withdrawal of the charges against eleven accused in the Omarska indictment. Among
the fourteen names appears a certain Gruban.11 But who is Gruban, and how did his name arrive on
UIFMJTUPGUIFBDDVTFEJOUIFGJSTUQMBDF $POTJEFSUIJTSFQPSU'SVTUSBUFECFDBVTF/"50QFBDFLFFQFST
JO#PTOJBXFSFOPUBQQSFIFOEJOHiXBSDSJNJOBMTuGSPNUIJTMJTU5IF#PTUPO(MPCF staff writer Indira
-BLTINBOBO
EFTDSJCFTBXBOUFEQPTUFSTIFTBXEJTUSJCVUFEUP/"50USPPQT
i1FSIBQTNPTUBCTVSEPGBMMJTUIFEFTDSJQUJPOPGPOFXBSDSJNJOBM OBNFE(SVCBOi%BUFPGCJSUI
VOLOPXO /BUJPOBMJUZ VOLOPXO %FTDSJQUJPO VOLOPXO "EESFTT VOLOPXOu /P MBTU OBNF +VTU
(SVCBOu
Activist-minded Lakshmanan signals to her readers that she is certain that Gruban is a war crimi-
nal, her problem is with NATO QFBDFLFFQFSTXIPTFFNUPIBWFiEFDJEFEUPUVSOBWFSZDMFBS-seeing
FZFJOUIFPUIFSEJSFDUJPOu5IJTGFFMJOHPGDFSUBJOUZUIBUBXBSDSJNJOBMXBTOBNFE CVUEJGGJDVMUUPBr-
rest as other information is lacking is another example of the socially constructed phenomena of JEFP
MPHJDBM BSSPHBODF where conviction is not evidence based, but invoked based on accepting a back-
HSPVOETUPSZ DPOTUSVDUFEXJUIJOUIFCSPBEFS8FTUFSOEJTDPVSTFBCPVUBO FWFOTVDIBTiWJPMFODFJO
#PTOJBu
Returning to the real Gruban, we can SFDPOTUSVDUUIFXIPMFFQJTPEFBTTUBSUJOHJOB#PTOJBODBGÊ
XIFOBXBSSFQPSUFS /FCPKØB+FWSJǃ XBTBTLFECZBDPMMFBHVFGSPNUIF6OJUFE4UBUFTJGUIFSFXBTB
person he would nominate as the biggest rapist of Muslim women from the town of Bijelo Polje. JFWSJǃ
iOPNJOBUFEu(SVCBO.BMJǃ UIFIFSPPGUIFSFHJPOBMMZGBNPVTOPWFMCZ.JPESBH#VMBUPWJǃ)FSPPOB
Donkey)JTJOUFSMPDVUPS UIFiKPVSOBMJTUuGSPNUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT EJEOPUIFTJUBUFUPJNNFEJBUFMZGPr-
ward Gruban’s name to the right places. That is how i(SVCBOuFOEFEVQJOEJDUFECZUIF*$5:8IBU
makes this sort of eagerness and the epistemically strange sense of certainty that one has discovered a
iXBSDSJNJOBMuDPODFJWBCMF IPXFWFS 5IJTXPVMECFJNQPTTJCMFGPSQFPQMFUPFYQFSJFODFJOUIFBCTFODF
of a forceful background provided by the socially constructed phenomena of escaping reality through
word games, discussed in this article.
These phenomena could be somewhat illuminated by invoking QIFOPNFOPMPHJDBMTPDJPMPHZ as de-
veloped by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann (1967) in their classic, 5IF 4PDJBM $POTUSVDUJPO PG
3FBMJUZ. The theory of reification developed by Berger and Lukmann (and very different from the one
that Karl Marx had made famous) can be quite useful, methodologically speaking. The reification theo-
ry is an account of how people come to perceive their own constructs, incorrectly or falsely, as things
for which they have no responsibility (that is, things over which they have no control) and which they
must passively suffer as victims do their fate. The steps through which reification proceeds are itemized
BT OBNJOH MFHJUJNBUJPO NZUINBLJOH TFEJNFOUBUJPO BOE SJUVBM OPU OFDFTTBSJMZ PDDVSSJOH JO UIJT
11
A docuNFOUJTTUJMMBWBJMBCMFPOUIFXFCTJUFPGUIF*$5:MFBWJOHUSBDFTPGUIJTFWFOUJUJTUIF.BZ TUB-
UFNFOU CZ UIF 1SPTFDVUPS GPMMPXJOH UIF XJUIESBXBM PG UIF DIBSHFT BHBJOTU BDDVTFE BWBJMBCMF BU
IUUQXXXJDUZPSHFOQSFTTTUBUFNFOU-prosecutor-following-withdrawal-charges-against-14-accused (last acce-
TTFEPO/PWFNCFS

379
particular sequence). James Aho (1994, pp. 114-
DBQUVSFTDPNQBDUMZUIFTUFQTPGUIJTSeification in
the social construct of the enemy — quite fitting for an understanding of the phenomena of ideological
BSSPHBODF HFOPDJEBMJTN PSiXPSEHBNFTuNPSFHFOFSBMMZ— and the escape from reality, as well as
pointing to a kind of symbiosis between tIFQVCMJDBOEFYQFSUEJTDPVSTFFNQMPZJOHUIFN
"QSPCMFNBUJDJOEJWJEVBMPSHSPVQJTDMBTTJGJFEBTBOJOTUBODFPGIVNBOSFGVTFUIFWBMJEJUZPGUIF
label is tested and confirmed in public hearings or tribunals conducted by experts certified in making
defamaUPSZQSPOPVODFNFOUTMFHFOETBSFUIFOXPWFOCZNZUINBLFSTUPiFYQMBJOuUIFOFDFTTJUZGPSUIF
FWJMQBSUZCFJOHBTJUJTUIFTFMFHFOETBSFQBTTFEPOCZ<TVJUBCMFNFTTFOHFST>BTPOUPMPHJDBMUSVUIT BOE
received by an audience which, not present during the initial steps, is unable to fathom the fabricated
OBUVSFPGUIFFWJMGJOBMMZ UIFUSVUIPGUIFNZUIJTSFDPHOJ[FE SF-known) through its ritual dramatiza-
tion in armed engagements, domestic and foreign, against the evil object.
In conclusion, by invoking phenomenological sociology the overall lesson that could be drawn
GSPNUIFQSFTFOUEJTDVTTJPOPOIPXHSPVQTPSOBUJPOTDBOCFDPNFUBSHFUTPGiJOUFSOBUJPOBMKVTUJDFuJT
UIFGPMMPXJOHBTTPDJBMDPOTUSVDUT HFOPDJEBMJTNBOEPUIFSXPSEHBNFTFYQMPSFEIFSFNBOBHF to define
situations as real whose consequences, however, constitute damages, which are as real as they are irrep-
arable for their targets.
3&'&3&/$&4
Aho, J. A. (1994). 5IJT5IJOHPG%BSLOFTT"4PDJPMPHZPGUIF&OFNZ4FBUUMF6OJWFSTJUZPG8BTIJOHUPO
Press.
Anderson, R. F. (1994, October 30). Where There’s War, There’s Amanpour. /FX:PSL5JNFT.
"OPOZN(n.d.).(PMHPUIBPG,PTPWP4FSCTBOE.JOPSJUZ (SPVQTJO1PTUXBS,PTPWP 3FUSJFWFEGSPN
IUUQXXXEFDBOJZVOFUDPNIPNFIUNM
Berger, P. & Luckmann, T. (1967). 5IF4PDJBM$POTUSVDUJPOPG3FBMJUZ. Garden
$JUZ%PVCMFEBZ-Anchor.
Binder, D. (1982, July 12). Exodus of Serbians Stirs Province in Yugoslavia. /FX:PSL5JNFT.
Binder, D. (1987, November 1). In Yugoslavia, Rising Ethnic Strife Brings Fears of Worse Civil
$POëJDU/FX:PSL5JNFT
#SEBS .
%04 #FUXFFO 3FWPMVUJPO BOE 3FGPSN *OUFSOBUJPOBM+PVSOBMGPSUIF4FNJPUJDTPG
-BX
-201.
#VEEJOH ")
A5IF.BO8IP0WFSUISFX.JMPTFWJD7PKJTMBW,PØUVOJDB 0OF:FBS-BUFS5IF
'MFUDIFS'PSVNPG8PSME"GGBJST *
-164.
Cushman, T. & Mestrovic, S.G. (Ed.). (1996). 5IJT5JNF8F,OFX8FTUFSO3FTQPOTFTUP(FOPDJEFJO
#PTOJB /FX:PSL/FX:PSL6niversity Press.
%JDLTPO 5+PLJD "
)FBSOP&WJM 4FFOP&WJM 4QFBLOP&WJM5IF6OTJHIUMZ.JMPTFWJD$BTF
*OUFSOBUJPOBM+PVSOBMGPSUIF4FNJPUJDTPG-BX 7PM/P -387.
380
Dickson, T. & Jokic, A. (forthcoming). 5BSHFUTPG*OUFSOBUJPOBM+VTUJDF:VHPTMBWJBBOE3XBOEB'JSTUJO
'PDVT.POUSFBM#BSBLB#PPLT.BOVTDSJQUJOQSFQBSBUJPO
'SJFENBO 5- "QSJM
'PSFJHO"GGBJST4UPQUIF.VTJD/FX:PSL5JNFT 4FDUJPO" Q
)FHFM (8'
1IJMPTPQIZPG3JHIU USBOTMBUFECZ5.,OPY0YGPSE0YGPSE University Press.
)ZEFO 3.
5IF5BDUJDBM6TFTPG1BTTJPOPO#PTOJB$VSSFOU"OUISPQPMPHZ –926.
Jokic, A. (2004). Genocidalism. 5IF+PVSOBMPG&UIJDT /P -297.
+PLJD "
%045he Second Year. 5IF'MFUDIFS'PSVNPG8PSME"GGBJST
-172.
Lakshmanan, I. A. R. (1996, March 10). A ‘Wanted’ Poster that Leaves any Pursuers Wanting. 5IF
#PTUPO(MPCF.
-BODBTUFS + 4FQUFNCFS
.JMMJPO)FMQT'PFTPG.JMPTFWJD8BTIJOHUPO1PTU.
Lee, A, & Lee, E. (1939). 5IF'JOFBSUPG1SPQBHBOEB/FX:PSL)BSDPVSU#SBDFBOE$P
-VDBT + / .D*OOJT , + .BSDI
5IF /BUJPOBM 4FDVSJUZ 4USBUFHZ "VUIPSJUJFT
$IBOHFT *TTVFT GPS $POHSFTT 3FUSJFWFE GSPN IUUQTXXXwhitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/
rss_viewer/national_security_strategy.pdf
4UFWFOTPO $-
&UIJDTBOE-BOHVBHF/FX)BWFO:BMF6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
Thomas, W. I. & Janowitz, M. (1969). 0O4PDJBM0SHBOJ[BUJPOBOE4PDJBM1FSTPOBMJUZ4FMFDUFE1BQFST.
$IJDBHP6OJWFSTJUZPG$IJDBHP1SFTT
̸̸̸͉̈́̾̓͊͆̽ ̺. ͇̓́ͣ͠

J̸̸̻͇̺͌͊̈́́͠, ̸̾͋ͅ ̸͚͉͇͇̻̾͌͆̽͆ͅ ̸̸͈͉̺͇͚͊͌

͉̾̀́̾ͅ
̽͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͱͪΒͪ ; ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ 90-ͳ΀ ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͺͻͬͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ XXI ͬͰ͵ͪ
;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͳͼ͵ͻͳͬΓͰ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ; ͵ͪ͵͹;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷ
ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͪͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ– ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳͷͳͻͼͬ͹Βͳͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ͸ͳͷ
΁ͳΓͰͷ– ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͵͹ͯ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͳͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒͳͲͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ
̸͊̽ͺͻͰͷ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͶͳͯͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͰͫͳͶ͹΃ͽ͈ͪͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹ͭ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Βͪͬ͸Ͱͳͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ͹͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͼͬͻ΀ͪΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ΂Ͷͪ͸͵ͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͯͪ BEhoD ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͵ͻͳͬͳ΂͸ͳͼ;ͯͲͪͫͳͬ΃;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ;
̓͊͠ͅ
ͻͪͼͺͪͯ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ ͳͭͻͰͻͰ΂ͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;͵Ͱͳ
ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
381
339.98
327.7/.8(497.1)
̸̹͉͏̸͇͈͇̺̺̓͐̾́ͣ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̹ͪΔͪͶ;΁ͳ
͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
̹ͪΔͪͶ;͵ͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ– ̹ͳ͎
̸̸̻͇̹͇͇͉̈́̈́͆́̾̓͆͊̓́͋́ͅ
̸̸͎͉͉̺͌͆́͋͆̾́͆͋̾̾͆ͅ͏́̾͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͐͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ͌͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͽͳ΀
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͼͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͫͳͽͪ͸
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͳ͸ͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ͇ͽ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͯͪͽͻͪͭͪΒ;ͲͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͫͳ͹ͫͰͲͫͳΒͰͯͳͶͳͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸
΁ͳΒ; Γ;ͯͳͼ;;ͶͪͲͳͶͳ;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͰ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ;
ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͵͹ΒͰͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ
͹ͺΓͪ΂͵ͪͶͰ ͳ ͹ͽͰͶͰ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͼͬ͹Β Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ ͳ
͸Ͱ͹ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸ͳͷͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ
͆ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͳͺͻͳͷΒͰͻͳͼͪ́ͻͪ͵͹ͷ ̈́ͳͫͳΒ͹ͷͳ͊ͳͻͳΒ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͹ͳͷ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;͹ͬͪΒͼͽͪͬ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳͺͻͳͷΒͰͻͼͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͰͷͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͹ͯ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͽͳͷͪΔͰͷΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͻͪͽ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ.
̺͇͌̽
͇ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͶͳͼ;ͼͰͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ͹͵͹ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ́ͯͪ͸ͪͼ
ͼ;͹͸ͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ ͪͼͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͼͰͳ͸͹ͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ
̀ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;ΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͯͪͷ͹Ε͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͬͳΒͰͽͪͳΔͳ΀͹
ͬͰ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͽͳͷͪΒ;ͳͺΓͪ΂͵ͪΒ;ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͷ͹ΕͯͪͼͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͽ;͵ͪ͹tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͺΓͪ΂͵ͳi̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͲͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͽͲͬ
΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
͉͉͇͍̾͊͌͊́́̓͆̈́́̓͋́
͇͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΕͰ ͺͻ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪͽͳ ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ ͳ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰ ͼ;͵͹ͫͰ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ ͳ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͼͰ
ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͸ͪͼ;͵͹ͫͰ͹͵͹ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪͯͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹
ͶͰͳͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͰ̹;ͯ;Εͳͻͪͽͫͳͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͫͳͽͳtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͽi(Kaldor, 1999 ͼͽͻ 138).
1
braco.kov@hotmail.com
382
̸̹͉͏͇ ̸͈͇̺̺̻̓͐̾́ͣͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͽͳ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
͇ͬͪΒtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͽiΒͰͻͪͽͲͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͻͪͽ͵͹Βͳ
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͳͭͰ͸Ͱͻͳͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͢͹ΒͽͻͰͫͪΒ;͸ͪͿͽͪ ͬ͹ͯͪ ͷͳ͸ͰͻͪͶͳ ͻ;ͯͰͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͻͰͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͪͼͬ͹ΒͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ
͊ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͻ͹ͫͪ͵͹Βͪͳͷͪ
ͼͬ͹Β;͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸;́ͲͪΔͳ΀ͼͰ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ
΁ͳΒͰͫ͹ͻͰ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͯͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;ͳͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳ΃;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ ͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ
͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹Β Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͳ Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰ
͵͹Βͳ Ͳͪͽ͹ ͸;ͱ͸͹ Ͳͪͯ͹ͫͳͬͪΒ; ͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹ ͳ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͳ ͯ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂ͳͷͰ ͼͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͹͵͹
͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻͪͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ̽Ͱ͵ͪ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ 11–12).
̽ͪΒͰͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪͼͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͹͵͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͳͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͳ
ͺͻͳͷΒͰͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
͆ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ ͹ͯͬͪΒͪΔͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͹ͯͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷͪͼͪͷ͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͬͰΕͳ
ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ΒͰͻͼͰͽͳͷͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͹ͽͳͷͪΒ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͳͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͳ
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳͷͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͯͪͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͱͰ
͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳͷ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͪ;ͭΓͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͷͳ͸ͰͻͪͶͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͫ͹͵ͼͳͽ͹ͷ ͹Ͷ͹ͬ͹ͷ ΁ͳ͸͵͹ͷ ͸ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͷ
͵͹ͫͪͶͽ͹ͷ ͵ͪͯͷͳΒ;ͷ͹ͷ ͬͪ͸ͪͯͳΒ;ͷ͹ͷ ͲͶͪͽ͹ͷ͆ͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸Ͱ
ͬ͹ͯͰ ͺͪͳͺͪ͵̀ͪͺͪͯͺΓͪ΂͵ͪͽͰt͸ͪΒͫͳͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰi͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͪ
tͷ͹ͽ͹ͻͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪi Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͲͪ΃ͽ͹̀ͪͺͪͯͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪt;ͫͻͲͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰi
͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ-͈ͳͻ͹Εͪ͸ͪ΁ ͼͽͻ 244–

͌ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪΒ;ͷ͹Ε͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹ͻͺ͹
ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ̺ͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͪ͑ͳͬͪ(Vandana Shiva) ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷ; ;Ͳͳͷͪ
Β;Εͳ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳͷΒͰͻ ͯΒͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͻ;ͯͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ́͸ͯͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳͼͪͶͰ ͫ͹͵ͼͳͽ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ; ͪͶ;ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͲͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͪͬͳ͹͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͶͳͷͰ͸͵ͳt͵͹͵ͪ-͵͹ͶͰi͋͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰΒͰͼͺͻͳ
ΒͰ΂Ͱ͸ͽͪΒͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ ͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ̺ͻ΀͹ͬ͸ͳͼ;ͯͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͻ;ͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳͼ;͵͹͸ͽͪͷͳ͸ͳͻͪ
Ͷͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;ͳͽͪ͵͹;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͶͳͲͯͻͪͬΓͰͳͱͳͬ͹ͽt͌͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ΃;ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͶͳ
ͬ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͬ͹ͯ͹ͽ͹͵ͪ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ ΒͰ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ̀ͪ͵ͳͯͪΔͰ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΀ͪ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͳͻͪΔͰͷ
ͬ͹ͯ͹ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͰͳͶͳ͹͸Ͱ΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͳͻͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͻΒͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ͌Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪͲͪͬ͹ͯ;ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͼ; ͼͪͷ͹ ͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ ͼ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ; ;ͪͿͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͺͳΓͪͷͪ
͆Ͱ͵ͳͼͰ ͼ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ; ;͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͯͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͷͪͲͪ ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͰͳͳͲͪ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ8͇͋ ͊ΒͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹Βͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ /"'5"
ͳ͊ͬͰ
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹ΒͪͼͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ '5""
͊͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ͼͰͳͲͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀;ͬΒͰͽ͍ͪͅͅ-ͪͳ
͊ͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͫͪ͸͵Ͱ ͊ͬ͹Βͳͷ ͹ͯͫͳΒͪΔͰͷ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͽͺͳ΃Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷ ; ,ZPUV ͺͻͰͯͼΒͰͯ͸ͳ͵ #VTI ͺ͹΂ͳΔͪ
Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ͸ͪͯͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͽ͹ͺΓͰΔͰͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳΒͰͽͳͯͪ
383
ͳ΀Ͳͫͻͳ΃ͰͼͶͳ΁ͪͲͰͷΓͰ͌4FBUUMFVͼ;ͺͻ͹ͼͬΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͪͲͬͪͶͳ850͊ͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΔͰͲͳ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͷͳͶͳΒ;͸ͳͷͪ;ͼ͵ͻͪΕ;Β;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ
͈͹΀ͶͰͺͪͳͺͻͳͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͽ;ΌͰͭͯͳΒͰͶͪͯͻͪͭ͹΁ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪ;͵͹ͻͳΒͰ͸;ͼ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳ
ͼͪͷ͵͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪi 4IJWB ͼͽͻ

̺ͳͯΒͰͶͳͼͷ͹ ͳΒ͹΃;ͬͳΒͰ͵ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ ͯͪͼͰ ͸ͪ͵͹͸tͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ΓͰΕͪi ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͫ͹ͻͫͪ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ
΁ͳΒͪ͹͵͹͸ͪͿͽͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͭͻͰͼ;ͻͼ͈ͪͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͯͪ́ͻͪ͵ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͱͰͼͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͬΒͰͽ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰͲͰͻͬͳ͸ͪͿͽͰ ͪͯͪͼͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰͲͰͻͬͳ͸ͪͿͽͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͶͳ͸ͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ
͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͊ͻͰͯΔͰ̸ͲͳΒͰͳ̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͰͲ;͹ͯ̓ͪͼͺͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͅͰͯͳͽͰͻͪ͸ͪ
̀ͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͰͲͪtͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪͲͪͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰi ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ̸ͷͰͻͳ
΂͵Ͱ̽ͻͱͪͬͰ ̸͊̽
ͼ;͸ͪͺͪͶͰ́ͻͪ͵͵ͪ͹ͯͳ͹t͹ͼ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͲͶͪi ͹ͫΒͪͬͳͶͰtͻͪͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͪͼͳΓͪi͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ
;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͰtͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁i͵͹ΒͳͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͼͶͳΒͰͯͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ
̸͊̽ͼ;ͻ;΃ͰΔͰͷͻͰͱͳͷͪ͊ͪͯͪͷ͎ͪ;ͼͰͳ͸ͪͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹͹ͫͰͲͫͳΒͰͯͳͶͰ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ͸ͪͯͳͻͪ΂͵ͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ ͪ͸ͪͿͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ͳͷΒͰͳͫͳ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ
͋ͪΒ1BY"NFSJDBOB ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ΒͰͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳ͹;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀tͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ
͵ͪi͸̹ͪͶͳͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͽ͹͵;͏ͳΓΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͳͺͳ΃Ͱ;́ͲͬΒͰ΃ͽͪΒ;ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ͇ͫ͸͹ͬͪ
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͹ͯͫͻͪͷͫͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ tͺͶͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͹ͯͻͱͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͷ͹Εͳ ̸͊̽ Ͳͪ
ͼͺͻΒͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼ;ͺͪͻ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͼͳͶͰͳͲͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭ;
ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͸ͪ΂ͰͶͳͷͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪi ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͼͺ͹Γ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;̹Ͷͳͼ͵ͳͳͼͽ͹͵ ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ ΒͰͯͪͼͰ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͻͰ;ͻͼͪ͸ͪͿͽͰ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͳͷͪ;͹ͭͻ͹
ͷ͸ͳͷ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ΕͰtͯͳͬ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰi ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;t͎ͪͶͳͫͪͻ
ͽ͹͸i t̾͵ͼ͹͸ ͅ͹ͫͳͶi t̹Ͱ΀ͽͰͶi ͳͷͪͽͳtͬ͹ͯͰΕ;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰi̽ͪ͵ͶͰ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳͬ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱt͸ͪͽͰͻͰ͸;i̸ͫͰͲ͸ͪͿͽͰ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰt͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪi͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͇ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ͸ͪͿͽͰͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹;
͈ͻͬ͹ͷͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͽ; ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͷͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͽ; ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸Δͳ΀ ͳ
͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͰΒ͹΃;ͬͳΒͰ͵ͬ͹ͯͳͽͳ͆ͪͿͽͪͳͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͬ͹Β͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ͇͸ͪΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪͽͰ͸͵͹ͬͳͷͪ
ͫͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͪͬͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ tͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭ
ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔͪi͇ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͷ́ͻͪ͵ͪ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͳͷͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͬͰΕͰͲͪͶͳ΀Ͱ͸ͪͿͽͰ͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͰͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;͊ͪ;ͯͳΒͼ͵͹Β̸ͻͪͫͳΒͳ ̸͊̽ͼ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͬ͹Βͼ͵;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͰt͵ͪ͹͹ͷ΂;͸ͪͼͬͰ͵Γ;΂͸ͰͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱ
ͽͳΒͰ͵͹ͬͰ͸ͪͿͽͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ΁Ͱ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͰ;̾;ͻ͹ͺ;ͳ;ͻͪͼͽ;ΕͰͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͪ́ͼͽ͹͵;–
̓ͳ͸; ́͸ͯͳΒ; ͳ ́ͼͽ͹΂͸; ̸ͲͳΒ; ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ ͼ; ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ̽ͻͱͪͬͰ Ͳͪ;ͲͰͶͰ ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰ
ͯͳΓͰͷͼͬͳΒͰͽͪ ͹̹ͯͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹͌ͲͫͰ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪͯ͹̓ͪͫ;Ͷͪͳͪ͠ͺͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪi"͹ͯͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪ
ΒͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͪͬͪΔͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪtͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻ͸ͪiͳ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪ͹͸͹ͷtͳͶͳͼͳͼ͸ͪͷͪͳͶͳͺͻ͹
ͽͳͬ͸ͪͼi(Engdahl, 2003 ͼͽͻ 17, 20, 79, 377).
̽ͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪt͹ͯͶͳͬͪiͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ͵͹ΒͪΕͰͼ͵ͻͳͬͪͽͳ
ͺΓͪ΂͵; ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ ͹ tͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͷ ͻͰͱͳͷͳͷͪi ͳ t;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪi ;
Δͳͷͪ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪtΒͪͬ͸͹ͷΔͰΔͰi͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͰΕͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͳͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔ;;͸ͪͺͻͳ
ΒͰͯͳͼͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀t΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪi ͺͪͳ͹͸͹ΒͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸͹Β͸͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ;
384
̸̸͎͉͉̺͌͆́͋͆̾́͆͋̾̾͆ͅ͏̸̸̸̸̸͎͉͎͉͇͍́̾͌͆́͋͆́̓͋͊͋͠ͅ
͇ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͰͻͪͽ͹ͬͪͳͲt΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀iͳtͰͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀iͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͰ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;
ͲͳͬͳͽͰͽ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͺ͹ͼͽ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪ̓͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪCFMMVNJVTUVN ͳͶͳtͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪiͬ͹ͯͳͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵Ͷ͹ͳͲͫͳͫͶͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͼͽͪͻͳ΀ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪ͵͹͸̀ͪͶͳͬ
ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹Ͳͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͼͻͰͯͳ΃ΔͰͷΒͰͼͽ͹;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪͷͪ ͪͽͰͷͰΓͳͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͯͪ
;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͪͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸ͪͼͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͪͭͻͰͼͳΒ͹ͷ͵͹Βͪͫͳ;ͭͻ͹ͲͳͶͪΔͰ͸ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽ
ͳͶͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ t͹͸ͪ ͳͷͪ KVT BE CFMMVN ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͯͪ Ͳͪͻͪͽͳ
i ͇ͬͪΒ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽtͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪiͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪtͫͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͻͪͽͪiͳͼͶͪͬΓͰΔͰͻͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹tͰͽͳ΂
͵͹ͭͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪi͵͹ΒͰtͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷͳͼͪ͹ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
͹ͯͶ;΂͸͹͹ͯͫͪ΁;Β;i )BSEU/FHSJ ͼͽͻ 24).
́ͺͪ͵ ͯͳ͹tͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱi ͹͸Ͱͷ͹Ε͸Ͱͳ͸Ͱ͹ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪ
͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽCFMMVNJVTUVN ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͻͪͽ͹ͬͪͳͲtͰͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀iͳt΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀iͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼΒͰͯ͸ͳ͵ ͉;ͲͬͰͶͽ 5IFPEPSF 3PPTFWFMU
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ ͹
΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͷ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͷͪ ͻͪͽͪ ͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪ t͹ͯ ͼͬͳ΀ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͸ͪΒͺͻͪͬͳ΂͸ͳΒͳ ΒͰ ͻͪͽ ͼͪ
ͯͳͬΓͪ΁ͳͷͪi ΒͰͻͼͰͽͳͷͰ;ͽͰͷͰΓ;ΒͰͬͶͪͼͽtͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͼͪi̓ͪͯͪͼ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͳͽͪΒ
t͸ͪΒͺͻͪͬͳ΂͸ͳΒͳiͻͪͽ͸ͪͯ́͸ͯͳΒͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͳͲͽͳ΀t΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪi̸͊̽ͼ; ͹ͽͳ΃ͶͰͯͪΓͰ
́ͲͬͰͶͰ ͼ; t; ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ; ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰi ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪ ̓;ͫͳ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;΀ͪͬͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͶ;΁ͳͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͯͳͻͪ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͫͻ͹ͯtͅͰΒ͸i ͑ͺͪ͸΁ͳͼ;͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪͶͳ
͹ͺͽ;ͱͫ;ͳͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪͶͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸;͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒ;͵͹ΒͪͫͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͶͪͺͻͪͬͰ;Ͳͻ͹͵ͰͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͲͳΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
t̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸ͳ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ ͺͪͷͰͽͳͯͪͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽͰ΃ͪ͸ͼ;iͳ– ͻͪͽΒͰ͹ͽͺ͹΂Ͱ͹͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ
͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͯͰͼͳͶ͹ͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͉ͪ΂ͪ͵ ͉ͰΓͳΕ ͼͽͻ 64).
̓ͪͯͪͼͰͳͲͪͫͰͻͰ΁ͳΓ ͹͸ͯͪͬͻͳΒͰͯͳͳ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ͵͹Β;ΒͰͲͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͹ͪͅ͵ͳΒͪͬͰͶͳ /JDDPMP.Bc-
IJBWFMMJ
GJOJTTBODJGJDBUNFEJB
͈ͻͰͯͼΒͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͅͰ͵ͳ͸Ͷͳ 8JMMJBN.D,JOMFZ
͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͹ΒͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳͷͪẗ́ͪͽͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͶ;΃ͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͻͪͯͳͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͪͬͳͼ͹
͵ͳ΀ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ ͳ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪi ̀ͪͽͳͷ ΒͰ ͼͶͳΒͰͯͳͶ͹ ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ ͍ͳͶͳͺͳ͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΕͰ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ
ͺͻͰͯͼΒͰͯ͸ͳ͵ ͹ͺͰͽ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͽͳ ͳͲ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ tͅͳ ͳͼͺ;Δͪͬͪͷ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͪͷͺͻͳͺͪͶͰͳͲͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͫͳͶ͹΂ͳΒͳͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͅͳͳͼͺ;Δͪ
ͬͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Β;ͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪΔͳͷͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͪͼΒͰ̹͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͶͳ͹ͯͪͬͳͯͳͷ͹ͼͬ͹Β;ͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽ ;Ͳͺͻͳ
ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͸ͪ΃Ͱͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͼͪͬͰͼͽͳ ;Ͳ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͰΔͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ100, 101).
ͅ͸͹ͭͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ ͼ; ͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁Ͱ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ t΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪi ͳͲ tͰͽͳ΂
͵ͳ΀iͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ
͎ͪͬͰͶ 7ÃDMBW)BWFM
ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪͻͪͽͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉ͬ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰtͼͽͪͬΓͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪͳͲ͸ͪͯͺͻͪ
ͬͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͊ͪͬͰͲ͸͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ͸ͪͺͪͯ͸;ͽͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͰͫͰͲͷͪ͸ͯͪͽͪ͌͆
͋͹ͼͰ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹ͪ͵ͽͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰͳͶͳͳͲ͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͋͹
ͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹ ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͳͲͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͺͻͪͬͪ ;ͳͷͰͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͳͲ͸ͪͯ͹͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ

΃ͽͳͽͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͰ̸ͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͪΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪi )BWFM

͋ͪ͵͹ͷͳͼͶͳͳ̺͹Ͷ΁Ͱͻ .JDIBFM8BM[FS
͵͹ΒͳͼͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͲͪͶͪͭͪ͹Ͳͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͳ
ΒͰ ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰΒ;͸ͪͯ͹ͫͳ͹ͺ͹΂ͪͼ͸ͳͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ͉Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
̺͹Ͷ΁Ͱͻͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪͼ;t΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰi;ͼͽͬͪͻͳtͰͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸Ͱi;ͬͳΒͰ͵t͵ͪͯ
ͭ͹ͯͼ;ͼͬͳͻͰͺ͹ͼͽͳͺͪͽΔͪͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͯ͹͵ͻͪΒΔͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ͵ͪͯͼͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͯͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͳͼ;
ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱ ͯͪͳ΀͹͵͹͸΂ͪΒ;i ̺͹ͶͲͰͻ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͬͰ΃ΕͰͷ͹ͳͯͳ͹ͳͲΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͽͰ͵ͼͽ͈ͪ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
ͳͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ;͵͹ΒͰͷ͵ͪͱͰt̽͹͵͹ͬ͹ͺͳ΃Ͱͷ ̸͇͆͋ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ
Γͪ ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ̽ͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͺ͹΀͹ͯͷ͹ͻͪ͹ΒͰͫͳͽͳ
ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪ͸ͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ Ͷ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͳ΂ͰͽͻͯͰͼͰͽ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͼ;͸ͰͳͲͷͰͻ͸͹ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ͌͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͯ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͼ;ͻ͹ͬͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͬͰΕΒͰ
ͫͳͶͪͬͳͯΓͳͬͪͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹͸Ͱͽͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͊ͻͫͳͭͪΌͪΒ;ͻͪ͵ͰͽͪͷͪͳͺͪͷͰͽ͸ͳͷͫ͹ͷͫͪͷͪ
̸͵͹ ͼͰ ;ͲͷͰ ; ͹ͫͲͳͻ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͯ͹ͼͳΒͰ ͳͲ ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͬͰΕ͸ͪͺ;ͽ; ͬ͹Β͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͪ ΂ͪ͵͹ͫͪͬͰ
Ͳ͸ͪi2
͈͹ͻͰͯ͹ͬͳ΀ ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀tͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪi͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ͳͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͪ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰtͰͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪi ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪͶͳ͸ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ– ̻ͳ͸ͽͰͻ̻ͻͪͼ ͠ͳͻͭͰ͸͎ͪͫͰͻͷͪͼ ͊;Ͳͪ͸̀͹͸ͽͪͭ
̾ͯͭͪͻͅ͹ͻͰ͸ ̸͸ͯͻͰ̻Ͷͳ͵ͼͷͪ͸ ̸͸ͻͳ̈́Ͱͬͳ
͋ͻͰΕͳͺ;ͽ;99ͬͳΒͰ͵;ΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ͌ͼ͵ͻͼ– ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ͸ͪ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ͌ͼ͵ͻͼ
ͪͺͻͳͶͪ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͆ͳΒͰͷͪ΁ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳͺ;ͽ͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ͌ͼ͵ͻͼ ͪͺͻͳͶͪ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
tͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͪͬͳ͹͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪͷͰͻͪͬͪͶͳͯͪͲͪͯͪΒ;͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;Εͳ;ͯͪͻͪ΁͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷͻͰͱͳͷ;i ͳ
ͽͻͰΕͳͺ;ͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;ͼ͵ͻ΃ΔͰͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ͵Ͱt͑ͽͪͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱͫ͹ͷͫͰ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;Ͳͪ͌ͼ͵ͻͼͺ͹ͽͻͰΕͳ
ͺ;ͽ;͹ͬ͹ͷ>XX – ̹̓@ ͼͽ͹ͶͰΕ; ͑ͽͪ΀͹ΕͰ͸͹ͬͳͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͳͼͬͰͽͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͯͪ͸͎ͻͳͼͽ͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͼ͵ͻͼ͸;Εͪ ͆ͳΒͰͶͳͽ͹ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͯͪ ͼͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͷͪͶͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͼͪͽͻͰ
ͯͪͷ;ͼͰ͹ͯ;ͲͷͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪͬͰͻͪͳ͸ͪͯͪ ͆ͳΒͰͶͳͽ͹;ͫͳΒͪΔͰͬͰͻͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͼ;ͷͻͪ͵ͪͲͪͺͪͯ
͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ̀͸ͪ΂ͳͶͳͽ͹ͯͪΕͰͲͶ͹ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰͳͺͻͰͬͪͻͪ ͳͺͪ͵͹ͬͶͪͯͪͽͳ
ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͈ͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ;ΒͰͷ͹Ͷͳͷͳͽ͹͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹Βͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͯ;΀ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ
ͳͼͬͰͽͪi ͋ͻ͵;Γͪ ͼͽͻ71, 72).
̹͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͰΒͰͽͻͪΒͪͶ͹͹ͯͪͬͭ;ͼͽͪͯ͹ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪ
ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ͹ͯͷͪͻͽͪͯ͹Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͌ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ; ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶ͹ ΒͰ ͫ͹ͻͫͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪͬͳ͹͸ͪ ͯͬͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͪ
͸͹ͼͪ΂ͪͪͬͳ͹͸ͪ ΒͰͯͪ͸ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸͹ͼͪ΂ͪͬͳ͹͸ͪ́ͲͬͰͯͰ͸͹ΒͰͫ͹ͻͫͰ͸ͳ΀ͶͰͽ͹ͬͪͳͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͼ;
;ͯͪͻͳ͸ͪͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰ̹ͬͪͪ΂Ͱ͸͹ΒͰͽ͹͸ͪͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͲͳͬͪͳͲͪͬͳ͹-ͫ͹ͷͫͳ ͻͪ͵Ͱ
ͽͪ ͵ͪͼͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͫ͹ͷͫͳ ͫ͹ͷͫͳͼͶͪͼͰͻͼ͵ͳͷͳ̺͋͸ͪͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ ͽ͹ͺ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀;ͯͪͻͪ ͵ͻͼͽͪͻͰΕͳ΀ͻͪ͵Ͱͽͪ
tͽ͹ͷͪ΀ͪͬ͵i ̺͹Ͷͪ΃ ͊ͪͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ 82).
2
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpwww.pecat.co.rs/2010/06/majkl-volcer-ples-sa-vukovima/ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹10. 2017.
386
͌ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪΒͰͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͼͪ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒ;ͷ͹ͷ
͆ͪͬ͹Β͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰͳ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ͊ͻͫͪ;̹ͳ͎ ͳͼͺͪΓͰ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹Ͳͻ͸ͪͼͪ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ
͸ͳͷ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒ;ͷ͹ͷ ͪ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͳͶͪͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͯͬͳΒͰͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͎ͪΘͳΕͰͳ͎ͪ͸
͈ͳΒͰͼͪ͵
̸͇͌͆͋ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͳ͸͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ;;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͰ ͼ; ͬ͹Β͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ̸͊̽ ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ
͢Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ́ͽͪͶͳΒͰ ͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͈͹ͻͽ;ͭͪͶͪ ̈́;͵ͼͰͷͫ;ͻͭͪ ̹ͰͶͭͳΒͰ ͎͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͳΒͰ ̽ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
͆͹ͻͬͰ΃͵Ͱ ́ͼͶͪ͸ͯͪ ͈͹Γͼ͵Ͱ ͐Ͱ΃͵Ͱ ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ ̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ̓ͪ͸ͪͯͰ͈͹ͷ͹ͭͶͰͼ;ͳͷͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱͰ͸Ͱ ̸͇͆͋-; ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͪ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪ ̹͹ͼ͸ͪ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ
͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͪ ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͪt̀ͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͪͼ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹͸ͪͺͪͶͰͫͳͶͰͼ;ͺ;ͽͪͬͰΕͰ͹ͯ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳͷͪͶͰͼ;ͺ;ͽͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͳΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͳͫͳͶͰͺ;ͽͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͰ ͽΒͼͪͬͰΕͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵͹ͷ
̹ͳ͹ΒͰͽ͹ ͹ͯ͸ͪͺ͈ͪͯͪͰͻͼͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸͎ͪͰͶͪͯ; ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹͸ͪΒ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳΒͳ
͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͵ͪͯͪͬͳΌͰ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳi ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ 204).
͉ͪͲ͹ͻͰ͸͹ΒͰͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸͹ͼͰͯͪͷͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼ
ͽͻ͹ΒͰΔͪ ͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͻͪͯͳ͹ͳ̺͋ͻͰͺͰͽͳͽ͹ͻͪ ͵ͷͺ;ͽͰͬͪ ͵ͷͺͻ;ͭͪ
͇΃ͽͰΕͰ͸͹ΒͰͫ͹Ͷ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͪ ͲͯͻͪͬΓͪ ͯΒͰ΂ͳΒͳ΀ͬͻͽͳΕͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀
΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪͳ΁ͻ͵ͪͬͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ;ΒͰͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳ͸ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ– ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯͰ̓ͳ͸Ͱ
;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
̹͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;ͳͭͪΌͪ͸ͳͬ͹Β͸ͳͳ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸ͰͲ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͺͪͻ͵͹ͬͳ ̓͹ͺͪ͹͸ͳ͵ ͋ͪͻͪ ͑ͪͻ-ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ ͻͰͲͰͻͬͪͽ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ̻ͪͲͳͷͰͼͽͪ͸ ͺͪͻ͵ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͈ͪͶͳΕ
ͅͳͻ;΃Ͱ ̺ͻ΃ͪ΂͵ͰͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β͇ͪͬ΂ͪͻͼ͵͹-͵ͪͫͶͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͵Ͷͳͼ;ͻͰ ̽ͳͬ΂ͳͫͪͻͪ ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸͉ͪ;ͯ
͸ͳ͵ ͳ ͪ͠ͼͽͻͰͫͪ΁ ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͳ ̻ͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͈ͰΕ͵ͪ ͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΃ͳΒͪ ̿ͳ΂ͪ ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ ͊ͬ ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͰ ͳ ͊ͬ
̹͹ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ͯ̓;ͻ΃;ͷͶͳΒͰ ̾ͽ͸͹-ͼͰͶ͹;͊ͳͻ͹ͭ͹Β͸; ̸Ͳ͹ͽͪͻ͈ͪͪ͸΂Ͱͬ͹ ͉ͪͿͳ͸ͰͻͳΒ͈ͪͪ͸΂Ͱͬ͹
͉ͪͽ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽͪͼͰͺͻ͹΁ΒͰΔ;ΒͰ͸ͪͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͲ͸͹ͼͲͪΒͰͯ͸;ͷͪͶ;ͲͰͷΓ;;
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;̹ͳ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͺͻͪͬͳ– Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸.
͌ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ;͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͺ͹ͭͳ͸;Ͷ͹ΒͰͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪΒ΁ͪ¢ ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ
͊ͪͬͰͲ͸Ͱ ͬͶͪͯͰ ͉͊͠, 1. ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ̺͹Βͼ͵Ͱ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͳ ͈͌ͅ-ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͼͽͻͪͯͪͶͳ ͼ; ͽ͹͵͹ͷ
̸͇͆͋-ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͌ ͹ͬͪΒ ͫͻ͹Β ;ͻͪ΂;͸ͪͽͳ ͼ; ͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͈͌ͅ-ͪ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ̺͠͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͽͻͪͯͪͶͳ;ͫ͹ͻͫͪͷͪͼͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͯͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪͯ͹ͷͪͻͽͪ
ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͫͳͶͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͲͪͪͭͻͰͼͳΒ;ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͰͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;
ͽͪΒͫͻ͹ΒΒͰ;ͻͪ΂;͸ͪͽ͹ͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵̺ͪ͠ͳ͈͌ͅ-ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳͼ; ͺͻͰͷͪ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͲͪ͸ͰͼͽͪͶͰ ̹;Ͷͪͽ͹ͬͳΕ
͹͵͹΁ͳͬͳͶͪ ͪ͹͵͹͹ͼ͹ͫͪΒͰͻͪΔͰ͸͹
͉ͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͷͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͷͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹͹ͼ͹ͫͪ
ΒͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͫͰͲͺ͹ͼͶͪ ͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͫͰͲͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
͇ͯͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ;ͷͻͶͪͼ;ͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹
͹ͫ͹ΓͰͶ͹͹ͯͷͪͶͳͭ͸ͳ΀͹ͫ͹ΓͰΔͪ ̓ͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

387
̀͸ͪͷ͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͊ͻͫͪ ;ͷͳͻͰͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰ ͹ͯͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
ͳ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒ;ͷ͹ͷ ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ͹ ͪͶͳΒͰͽ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͫͻ͹Β͵ͪ 3.
͑ͺͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵ͪͺͰͽͪ͸ͪͅͻͽͳ͸ͯͰͶ͎ͪ͹ͲΒͰͳͼͽͳ΁ͪ͹ͯͪͼ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ͸ͪͻͰͯͫ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͳͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͫͳͶͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶͳt͇͸ͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;ͲͰͷΓ; ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ;Β;ΒͰ͸͹ͬͳͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͳͶͳͷͪ ͫ͹Β͸ͳͷ
͹ͽͻ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͷͳ͸ͪͷͪͫͪ΁ͪ͸ͳͷͳͲͺͪͯ͹ͫͻͪ͸ͪ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͰ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒ;ͷ ΁ͻ͸ͳ
͸ͪͺͪͶͷ ͼͽͰͻͳͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͷ͵Ͱͷͳ͵ͪͶͳΒͪͷͪ ΃ͺͻͳ΁ͪΒ;͹ͽͻ͹ͬ͸ͪ;ͼΒͰͬͰͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹͹ͻ;ͱΒͰ
͹͵͹ΒͰͷ΂ͪ͵͸ͳͷͳΒ͹΃͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ͹͊ΒͰͬͰͻ͸͹-̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳ΂ͳ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ͫͪͻͫͪͻ
ͼͽͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;͹ͺΕͰͷ͹ͱͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͽͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ΂͹ͬΒͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪi 7MBKLJ ͼͽͻ 218).
̹ͳ͹ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͻͪͽ͸ͳͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ ΒͰͻ ͼͰ ; ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ; ͽͰͼͽͳͻͪͶ͹ ͯΒͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪ ͸ͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹
͉ͪͽ;ͫͳͬ΃͹Β͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳͳͫͳͬ΃͹Β̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͫͳ͹ͻͪͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͠;ͭ͹ͼ
ͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͻͪͽ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳ ͼͰ΁Ͱͼͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͼ͸ͪͭͪͷͪ
tͳͲ͸;ͽͻͪi̸Ͷͳ ͫͰͲ΀ͽͳΒͰΔͪ ͬ͹ΓͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪtͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱi ͽ͹ͭͻͪͽͪ͸Ͱͫͳ͸ͳͫͳͶ͹
̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͫͻ;ͽͪͶͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͻͪͽ ͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͪΒͻͪͽ ͷ͹ͭͶͪͳͼͺͻͳΒͰ΂ͳͽͳ ͪͶͳͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͫͳ͹ΔͰ͸ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΁ͳΓ͊ͽͬͪͻ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪͫͻͳͭͪͲͪtͺ;΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹i;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ
͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͳͶͳͲͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ;͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΓͰΔͰͳͼͺ;ΔͰ
Δ; ;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻ͆ͰͶͼ͹͸͊ͽͻ͹ͫͻͳΘ͋ͪͶͫ͹ͽ***ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪͻͪͽ̸͇͆͋ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͼ
ΓͰͯͳ΁ͪtͫͻͳͭͰͲ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁Ͱi ͸Ͱͭ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͪt͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͶͪͽͻͪͱͰ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͳͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰi͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪtͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ;ͭͪ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͬͪ͹͸Ͱ͹
ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͷͪͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ̸͊̽iͳͲͪͽ͹ΒͰ΁ͳΓͳͫͳ͹ͯͪͽ͹tͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳ;͵Ͷ͹ΔͰ͸͹i
(͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ, 2006).
̺Ͱ͹ͷͪͷ͹Ε͸ͰͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͫͳͶ͹΂Ͱͷ;
΃ͽ͹ͫͳͳͷtͼͽͪͶ͹͸ͪͺ;ͽi
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͹͸ͯͪͼ;ͳ̓Ͷͳ͸ͽ͹͸ #JMM$MJOUPO
ͳ̹ͶͰͻ 5POZ#MBJS

ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͳͯͪͼͰͼͬͻ΀ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͵ͻͰͯͳͫͳͶͳͽͰͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹
ͺͻͳͷΒͰΕ;ΒͰ ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ /PBN $IPNTLZ
ͯͪ ͼͰ Ͳ͸ͪ t͵͹ ΒͰ ͭͪͲͯͪi. ͠Ͱͻ t͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͼͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ
͸ͪͻͰͯͫͪͷͪͭͪͲͯͰ ͪͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͰͼͷͰͯ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͽͳ̓ͪ͹ͳ́ͻͪ͵ ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͫͰͲ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͪ
͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ ͼͽͰ ͷ͹ͭͶͳ ͯͪ ͳͲΒͪͬͳͽͰ ͯͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸ͳ΃ͰͽͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͳͲ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀
ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪi ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ 47).
͇ͬͪͽͲͬ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪ͸ͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͶ͹ͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͼ
΁ͳΓͰͷtͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͪͳͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔͪiͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ
͸͹͇ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹ΒͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ ΒͰͻͼͰͯͰͼͳ͹ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͰͭͲ͹ͯ;ͼ͊ͻͫͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
3
́ͼͽͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳ ͼ; ;ͽͬͻͯͳͶͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭ ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ ͫͪ΂Ͱ͸ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͸ͪΒͭ;΃ΕͰ
͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͊ͽͰͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͅͳͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̓Ͱ͵ͳΕ
388
͊ͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵͍͇͉ͪ̓-ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ;ͳͼͰͶͳͶ͹͹͵͹͊ͻͫͪ ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ
΁ͪͳ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬΓͪ
͆ͪ͵͹͸ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ̸͇͆͋ ͳ ̸͊̽ ͼ; ͹ͯ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͹ͽͰͶͳ ͵ͬͪͯͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪ

ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒͪ ͻͪͽͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉ͬͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
ͳ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
ͫͳ͹
ΒͰtͻͪͽͼͪͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱi ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;ͳͼͺͻ͹ͫͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͰͬ͹Β͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͬ͹ͯͳͻͪͽͼͪͬͰΕͰ
ͫͰͲͫΒͰͯ͸Ͱ;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͪͼͪͼͷͪΔͰ͸ͳͷͻͳͲͳ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹Γ;ͯͼͽͬ͹͌ͽ͹Βͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳΒͰ΁ͳΒͰ
Ͷ͹ͷͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͸͹ͳͼͺͻ͹ͫͪͬͪΔͰͬͪͲͯ;΀͹ͺͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ̹ͳ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͻͪͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪͷΒͰͼͽ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͭͼ;͵͹ͫͪͪͻͷͳΒͪ͸ͪͫ͹Β͸͹ͷͺ͹Γ; ͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͶͪͲͰ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ ͻͪ΂;͸ͪͻͳͷͪ ͳ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒ͹ͷ ͈͹ͻͰͯ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ΁ͳΓͰͬͪ
̸͇͆͋ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͰͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸͉ͪ͊͠ ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸;͵ͶͰͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͺ͹͸ͳΒͪ ͫͪ΁ͪΔͰͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͳͼͽͰ͵ͪ͹ͻ͹͵ ͽͰͬͻ΃ͰΔͰͰ͵ͼͺͰͻͳ
ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͫͳ;͵ͪͲͪͶͳ͸ͪͽ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͯΒͰͶ;ΒͰ͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰ̸͇͆͋͹ͻ;ͱΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪ;ͻͪͽ͹
ͬͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͬ͹ͯͳ ̸͇͆͋ ͺͪ͵ͽ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼͽͻͪͯͪΒ; ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ ͸ͪ ΂ͳΒͳͷ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ ͻͪͽ ͪ
͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͳͻͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͳ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪͳͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΒ;
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ
͊͸ͪͭͰ ̸͇͆͋-ͪ ͼ; ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳͷͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͰ ͯͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;
ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͪt͹ͽͳͷͪΔͰͷ̓͹ͼͷͰͽͪͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͲͪͬͻ΃ͳͷͪͶͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͻͪͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͊ͻͫͪ
͹ͯ̓ͻͪΒͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵͹͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ;Ͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͰ͏ͻ͸Ͱ̻͹ͻͰi Czem-
piel, ͼͽͻ 101).
̹ͳ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͳ– Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ͈ͻͳΒͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͊ͪͬΒͰͽͪͫͰͲͫΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌͆ͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉ͬ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
ͽͻͳͳͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;ͬͳͯ;ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͪͲͪͽͳͷͳͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͷΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪͳͯ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͯ͹
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽ̹ͬͪ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪ͸͹ΒͰͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪ͸͹ͼͬͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͳ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪΒͰͯ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ
́;́ͻͪ͵;ͼ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͰͳͷͪͶͰͲͪͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁;ͼͽͻͪͬͳ΂ͪ͸ͭͰ͸͹΁ͳͯ– ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ
ͯΒͰ΁Ͱ;ͷͻͶ͹ΒͰ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯΒͪ͸;ͪͻͪͯ͹ͪͬͭ;ͼͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪͺ͹ͼͶͳΒͰͽ͹ͭͪ΂ͪ͵Ͳͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱͯ͹
ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͶͳΒͰ͵͹ͬͪͳͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͷͰ͌ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳΒͰͼͷͻͽ͸͹ͼͽͯΒͰ΁ͰͫͳͶͪ;ͽͻ͹ͼͽͻ;΂Ͱ
͸ͪ– ͸ͪ΀ͳΓͪͯ;ͯΒͰ΁Ͱͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͪͫͰͫͪΒͰ ͺ͹ ͻ͹ΌͰΔ;ͳͷͪͶͪͽͰͱͳ͸;ͳͼͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸Ͱ ͌
ͻͪͽ;;́ͻͪ͵;ΒͰͯ͹ͪͬͭ;ͼͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ́ͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͪ ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ 32–
͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ 7).
͌ͻͪͽ;;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰͳͲt΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪi;ͬͰͶͰͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͰ
͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͯͪ͸Ͱͫͳͺ͹ͷͪͭͪͶͪ͊ͻͫͰ;̹ͳ͎ͳͯͪͫͳ͸ͪͽΒͰͻͪͶͰ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ;ͯͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸Ͱͼͪ͸͵
΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͷ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁; ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͳͷͪͶ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ;ͽͻͪͭͰͯͳΒ;
tͫͪΔͪͶ;΂͵ͳ΀ͫͰͫͪíͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͽͰͼ;ͼͳͶͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷt΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳi̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳͷͪ
ͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͳͷͪͯ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͰ– ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰ
389
͌ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͪͽ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ΔͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ ͼ; ͼ͸ͪͱ͸;
ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ;͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ;ͼͷΒͰͻͰ͸͹ͷ͵ͪͻ;΃ͰΔ;
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͊ͪͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ ̸͇͆͋ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉ͬ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰΒͰͫͳͶͪ– ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͪ͊ͪͬΒͰͽ
ͫͰͲͫΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͯ͹͸ͳ͹ ͹ͯͶ;͵; ͹ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ; ͬͰΕ ͼ; ͽ; ͹ͯͶ;͵; ͯ͹͸ͳΒͰͶͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
̸͇͆͋-ͪ ͳͪ͵͹ ͽͪ ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͷͪͶͪ ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ ;ͺ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰ ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ; ̸͇͆͋ ͼͰ ͳ
ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;͹ ͫͰͲ ͷͪ͸ͯͪͽͪ ͌͆ ͊ͪ ͼͽͪΒͪͶͳ΃ͽͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰΒͰͫͳͶ͹tͳͶͰͭͪͶ͸͹i ͳ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺͻͳͷΒͰΕ;ΒͰ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ
tͺͻ͹ͷͳΒͰ͸ͳͶ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬͪi̸͇͆͋ͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹͵ͪ͹tͬ͹Β͸ͪͷͪͿͳΒͪi ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼ
ͶͪͬͳΒͰΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͰ΁ͳͯ͸͹͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ͐͹ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ– t͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͳͪ͵ͽi
͈͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͼͰͽͳ΂͵Ͱͽͪ΂͵ͰͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͬ͹Β͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ– ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸.
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͉ͪ͸ͳΒͳ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͳͫ;ͯ;Εͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͳͷͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ;Ͳͻ͹͵Ͱ ͪΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯΔͳ΀ͼͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͰͳͫ͹ͻͫ;ͲͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ͌ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͳ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͪͱͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͯͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃; ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ; ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ;ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ΃ͽ͹
ͼͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬͳͯͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͷΒͰͻͳͷͪͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪt΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪi;́ͻͪ͵; ̈́ͳͫͳΒͳ
͊ͳͻͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Βͳ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ
́Ͳͬ͹ΌͰΔ;ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͳ͹ͫͷͪ͸ͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;
Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹Βͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳ͹tͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͷͻͰͱͳͷͳͷͪi tͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ΂ͳ΃ΕͰΔ;i t;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳΓ;ͯ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪiͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷt΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͷ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪi;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹͸ͪͺͪͯͪΒ; ͳͽͪ͵͹Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͻ;΃ͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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ͼ͵ͪi ̺͹Β͸͹ͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵ͳͲͪͬ͹ͯ
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Kaldor, M. (1999). /FX0ME8BST0SHBOJ[FE7JPMFODFJOB(MPCBM&SB Cambridge.
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391
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SUMMARY
Man’s history is a history of mutual conflicts and wars. In the basis of these conflicts and wars there are
different ideologies and interests, out of which one important also refers to resources. Since they started to
look for resources in order to ensure the existence for themselves, people have entered into mutual animosity,
clashes, conflicts and wars. That is how it is today, in the world of the global economy, in which the powerful
neo-liberal states produce wars in order to rob and seize resources from poor nations and states justifying
their exploitative and neo-imperial interest by propaganda manipulations on the protection of human rights
and democracy. The latest examples with Iraq, Libya and Syria, as well as many others earlier, confirm this
view, and, also, the example of the bombing of FR Yugoslavia and the seizing of the territory of Kosovo and
Metohija from Serbia, in other words, seizing of its resources.
,&:803%4 war, humanitarian interventions, resources, Serbia, propaganda.
392

̸͉́́͆ ̸̹͇̺̺̓͐̾́ͣ1
̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͬͪͲͯ;΀͹ͺͶ͹ͬͼͽ̹ͬͪ͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
̸̸̻͇̈́̓̈́́̀͏̸͇́͊͠͏̸͎́̈́͆́͠
̸͇͆̾̾̽͆̓͊͋́͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͼͬͳͷ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ ͳ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͳ
ͭͰ͸ͰͻͳͻͪΒ;͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͪͶͳͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;Δͳ΀ͼͪͷͳ΀͆ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
ͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͼ;ͻ͹ͬͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͪͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͇͸ͰͳͷͪΒ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͪͶͳͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͳΓͰͱΒͰ͇ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸ΒͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͽ;ͻ
ͫ;ͶͰ͸ͽ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͰͫͳ͸͹ͼͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͻͳͲͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͻͳͲͳ΁ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
̺͇͌̽
͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫ;ΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶͪ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹
ͬͪ͸ ͇͸ ΒͰ – ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ ͈ͪ ͳ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ΒͪͬͪΒͰͼͽͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪ ͸;͵ͶͰͪͻ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ
ͬͪΔͪ ͹ͽͺͪͯͪ ͭͶͪͯͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͼ; ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ͹͸ͳͼ;– ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ
̸̸̻͇̹͇͇͇̈́̈́͆́̈́̓̈́͆
͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͸ͰΒͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ ͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͼ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͪͶͳ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͳ
Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹͸ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹͹ͫͳΓͰͱΒͰ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ̸͸ͽͳͺ͹ͯͳ ͳͶͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳ
͌ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͸ͳͼ; ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ ͬͰΕ ͼ;
ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳ̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻΒͰ– ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸
̹;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ ͹͸ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶͪ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸
1
JSJOBLPWBDFWJD!HNBJMDPN
393
͈ͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼ;ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͰtͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ
͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪi̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸͹ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳtͯͳ΀͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹i͠Ͱͻ ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹iͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹
͸ͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰtͽͪͷ͹i ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ΒͰͻΒͰ;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ ͪ͸ͪtͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹i͵ͪ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰt͹ͬͯΒͰi
ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͆ͳΒͰtͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹i͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ Βͪͼ͸͹ͳ͹ͺͳͺΓͳͬ͹ ͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹i͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹
ΒͰͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸͹ ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͯͳͻΓͳͬ͹́ͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ tͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹i͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͳͫͰͲͫΒͰͯ
͸͹ ͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹i͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸ͰͫͰͲͫΒͰͯ͸͹ͳ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹̽ͪΒͰͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͺͻͳͷΒͰͻ
͵͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰΔͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͳͶͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸ͪͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹͇ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ Γ;ͯͳͼͶ;΃ͪΒ;ͻͪͯͳ͹ ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒ; ͳͶͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ΀ͻͪ͸;ͳͲ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͊ͬͰ ΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;
ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳͯͪtΒͰͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹
ͳͲͬ͹Γ͸͹ͳͲͫ;Δ;Β;ΕͰi͠Ͱͻ tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͺͻͪͽͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͰ
͸Ͱͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸΃͵ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹
ͬͪ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰͳͶͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰi͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͪΔͰ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳt͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͶͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ ͶͳΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͪ͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͳΒͰͷͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪi ͑͹ͶͽͰ –78).
̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶͪ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͶ͹
͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͳͷͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͳ
ΓͰͱΒͰ ͹͸ͳͼ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ̸ͽ͹ͼͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͳ͸ͪͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
͇͊͏̸̸͇́̈́͆̾͆̾̾̽͆̓͊͋́͠͠
͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͸ͪͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹
ͯͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ;͸;ͽͪͻ Δͳ΀ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͼ; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͰ
ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ΂͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͺͪͯͪ;ͭͻ;ͺ;͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͸ͪͼͬͳΒͰͽ;
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͳΒͰ΂͹ͺͻͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͼ;͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͭ͹ͯͳ
͸ͰͳͷͪͶͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͼͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪ(Reinert, 2006 ͼͽͻ 6).
͇ͯͽͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͼͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΒ;ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͽͪΒ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹ ̻͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ; ͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͳ͸ͪΒͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ̸͊̽
ͳ̓ͳ͸Ͱ
ͫͳ͹ΒͰ͹͵͹ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ;͹΂ͳ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͰͯͰͺͻͰͼͳΒͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͹͸ͪ ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͫͳ͹ΒͰ
11 ͎͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͪ ͪ̓ͳ͸ͪ͹ͺͰͽ͸ͪͯ͸; ͅͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ 121–122).
͌ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀ ͳ ͸ͪΒͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͶͪ ͼͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͹ͷ ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͳ͸ͪΒͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃
͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹ΒͰ ͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͳ͸ͪΒͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͳ΀ΒͰͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹ 200.
̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͬͳͯͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ
Β;ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΕͰ ͼͰ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͷΒͰͻͪͷͪ ͽͲͬ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸Ͱ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹Ε͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͳͷ
394
̸͉́́͆ ̸̹͇̺̺̻̓͐̾́ͣͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ ͫͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͰ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ;Ϳͳͻ
ͷͪͷͪͳͲͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͯͻͱ͈ͪͬͪͪ ͪ͵͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯ͹ͯͪͷ͹ͳ ;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͷΒͰͻͰ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳͷͪ
ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸ͳ Ϳ͹͸ͯ ͊ͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͪ ͫͪ͸͵ͪ ͳ ͊ͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͹͸ͯͪΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷΒͪͼ͸͹ͯͪΕͰͼͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͽͳ̀ͪͽ͹
ͳ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͽͳͯͪΒͰ;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯͪͬͪΔͰ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͺͪͯͪΒ;;
tͯ;ͱ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹iͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͷͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ΒͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΔͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀
͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͵ͪ͹ͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼ;ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲ
ͬ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ
͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪͷ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͯ͹tͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳ
ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀i ͵͹Βͳͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷͪͱ;Ͱ͸͹ͻͷ͸͹ͷͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹Εͳ͵͹Βͪͳͷ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ͵͹Βͪ ͳͷ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ ͇͸ͳ ͼ; ͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͳ ͽͪ͵ͪͬ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ tΒͰ
ͻͳͲͳ͵;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͪͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͼͪͷ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷi ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;tͺͻͳ
ͬͪͽ͸ͳ ͯ͹ͫͳ΁ͳi ͪ ͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β Βͪͬ͸ͳ ͭ;ͫͳ΁ͳ ͌ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ; tͯ͹ͫͳͽ ͼͰ
ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ;ΒͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͻ;ͭͪͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ ͪͭ;ͫͳ΁ͳͼͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ;Β;– ͺͻͰͫͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ
ͷͪͼͰͼͶͪͫͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀i ̽;΃ͪ͸ͳΕ

͈ͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͯͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ
Ͳͪͳͼͽͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ΂ͬͻͼͽͪͬͰͲͪ
͌ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͽͪͬͰͲͪͲͪͯ͹ͫͳͬͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰΒͰͻ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕͳͼͽͳ΁ͪ͹ Ͳͪͽ͹ͺ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ΒͳtͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͲͰͷΓͰ͸ͪΒͫͻͱͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͰͶͰͱͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱͼͽ͹
ͺͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͼͽͪ –
ͳ ͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ΒͰͯ͸;
ͺͰͽͳ͸;>...@ ͌ ͽͻͳ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͼͶͰͯͳͶͰ ͸ͪΒͻͳͭ͹ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͳΒ; ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;
̸͊̽ ̺ͰͶͳ͵̹ͪͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪͳ͆͹ͬͳ̀ͰͶͪ͸ͯ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͶͪͼͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͱͰ͸Ͱͭ͹;
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷ͇ͪ̾͏̽-ͪi ͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ

͆ͪͬͰͶͳͼͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;Β;͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͪͶͳͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;Δͳ΀̀ͪͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒ;͹ͬͰͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͸ͪͬͰ΃ΕͰ
ͷ͹͸Ͱ͵Ͱͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ
͌ͲͰΕͰͷ͹ͲͪͺͻͳͷΒͰͻ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ̽ͻͱͪͬͰ ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸;ͲͰͷΓ; ͯͪͫͳͼͷ͹ͬͳͯΒͰ
Ͷͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
͌ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳΒͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀;̸͊̽ͺ͹ͼΒͰͯ͹ͬͪͶ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͽ͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹;ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;΂ͳͶ͹ͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͶ͹̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;̸͊̽ͳͼͬͳΒͰ
ͽͪ Β͹΃ ͯͪͬ͸Ͱ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͦ͹ͻΘ ̓Ͱ͸ͪ͸ (FPSHF ' ,FOOBO
ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͇ͯͼΒͰ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͺͻͳ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ; ͬͪΔͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ 4UBUF %FQBSUNFOU
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ΒͰ ͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͷ
tͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͽ͹ΓͰΕ;i͸ͪͼͶͳΒͰͯͰΕͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸t́ͷͪͷ͹͹͵͹ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹
ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͋ͪ ΒͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͹͸ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͸ͪͼ ͳ ͪͲͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀

ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͰͼͷͳΒͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͭͻͳΒͰ΃ͳͽͳ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͲͪͬͳͼͽͳͳ͹ͭ͹ͻ΂ͰΔͪ
͆ͪ΃ͪͺͻͪͬͪͲͪͯͪΕͪ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͷͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓ;ΒͰͼͽ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͳͽͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͷ͹ͭ;
ΕͳͽͳͯͪͲͪͯͻͱͳͷ͹ͽͪΒͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͯͪͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ͸Ͱͯͬ͹ΒͫͰ͸͹͸Ͱ;ͭͻ͹Ͳͳͷ͹͸ͪ΃;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͳ ͷ͹ͻͪͽΕͰͷ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͽͳͼͰ͸ͽͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
ͼͪΔͪͻͰΔͪͅ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͼͬ;ͯͪ;ͼͻͰͯ͹ͽ͹΂ͳͽͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͸ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰ
ͬͰ͆ͰͼͷͳΒͰͷ͹ͼͰ͹ͫͷͪΔͳͬͪͽͳͽͳͷͰͯͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͰͫͳͺͻͳ;΃ͽͳͽͳͶ;͵ͼ;ͲͪͶͽͻ;ͳͲͷͪͳͼͬΒͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͫͻ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͽͰΓͪi Engdahl,

̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͬͳͯͳ ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͪͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒͰͼͽͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ ͰͭͲͳͼ
ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ́͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͽͪΒ΁ͳΓ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͼͬͳͷͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͷͳͻ͸ͳͷͪ
;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͳͬ͹Β͸ͳͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͶͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͷΒͰͻͪͷͪ ͺͪΒͰ
¢ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪ͸̸ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ;Β;ͼͰͳͯͻ;ͭͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ͹ͯͺΓͪ΂
͵Ͱͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
̸̸͉͇̺͇̹͇̻̺͇͊́͑͋́͋͊͋ͅ
͇ͫͳ΂͸͹ͼͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͪΔͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͲͪ
͹ͫͰͲͫΒͰΌͰΔͰ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͽͪ΂͸͹ ͪͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ ͳ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ΒͰͻ;͹ͫͲͳͻͽͻͰͫͪ;ͲͰͽͳͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰ͹ͬͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͵ͪ͹
΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͹ͼΒͰΕͪΒͯͰͺͻͳͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̓ͪ͵͹͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹
͇ͬ͹ΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͳ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ(Anthony Giddens), ͳͼͽͳ΂;Εͳͯͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͼͳͻ͹
ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ;ͼͬ͹ͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͯͬͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ– ΒͰͯͪ͸͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹
́ͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪͼͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͭͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͽͰͷͰΓͳt͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪ – ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ
͸ͳ΀ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͳͼͺ;͸ͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͪ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ Ͳͯͻͪͬͪ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪi ̀ͪ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ
t͵͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀͹ͬͰͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͰ͸Ͱ– ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͻ͹ͬ͸ͪͯ
ͭͶͪͬ͹ͷͳ͹ͯͰΕͪ– ͵ͪͱͰͼͰͯͪͱͳͬͰ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ;i̓͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͭͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳͷͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻ
ͲͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰt;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͳͷΒͰ͸Γͳͬiͳͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͳΒͰͬͪͽ͹tͯͪͼ;ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ
Γ;ͯͼ͵͹͹ͯͻͱͪΔͰ ͬͳ΃ͰͳͶͳͷͪΔͰ ͳͼͽͳͲͪͼͬͰΓ;ͯͰͳͼͽ͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪͳͳͼͽͰͽͰͶͰͼ͸ͰͭͻͪΌͰ
ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͭͯͰͱͳͬͰ̀ͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͭͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͫͳͶ͹ͭͯͰ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͱͳͬͳ;
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ;;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͳͼͺ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͭ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻ̸ͯͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͼͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͪΔ͵ͪΔͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ͹ͯͻͱͪΔͰͲͯͻͪͬΓͪͳ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸͹ͭͿ;͸
͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪͽͰͶͪi ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͼͽͻ 317).
̓ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͬͳͯͳ ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͳΒͰͬͪ ͺ;͵͹ ͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͰ ; ͼͷͳͼͶ;
͹ͫͰͲͫΒͰΌͳͬͪΔͪͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͰͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ͌͆́͏͍̾-ͪͳ ͊ͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵ͰͲͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸; ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯΒͰ΁Ͱ;
ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ͱͳͬͳ;Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͷͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ; ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;̸Ϳͻͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪΒ;ͭ;͊ͪ΀ͪͻͼ͵Ͱͺ;ͼͽͳΔͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ
396
;Β;ͱ͸͹Β̸ͲͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;́͸ͯͳΒͳ͌ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͹͵͹ ͯΒͰ΁Ͱ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͱͳͬΒͰͶ͹
ΒͰ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͼͽͬͳͷͪͼͺͻ͹ͼΒͰ΂͸ͳͷͺͻͳͷͪΔͳͷͪ͹ͯͼͪͷ͹ ͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪͺ͹͹ͼ͹ͫͳͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹͈͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ
ͯΒͰ΁Ͱ;ͼ;ͫͼͪ΀ͪͻͼ͵͹Β̸Ϳͻͳ΁ͳͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͺͰͽ͹ͯΒͰͽͰ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪ;Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͷͼͳͻ͹
ͷͪ΃ͽͬ;͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ͌͆ ͹͵͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪΓ;ͯͳ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͳΒͰͽͪͱͳͬͳ;Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͷͼͳͻ͹
ͷͪ΃ͽͬ;ͳͭͶͪͯͳ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯΒͰ΁Ͱ;ͷͳͻͰͺͻͳΒͰ͸ͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͰͺͰͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͷͳͶͳ
͹͸ͪͯΒͰ΁Ͱ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱͺ͹΀ͪΌͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;΃͵͹Ͷ; ͪΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯͯͬ͹ΒͰͯΒͰ΁ͰͷͶͪΌͳ΀͹ͯͺͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ
͸ͳΒͰ;ͺͳͼͪ͸͹;ͷͪͽͳ΂͸Ͱ͵ΔͳͭͰͻ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀͇͵͹ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰΓ;ͯͳ͸Ͱͷͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰ ΀ͳͭͳΒͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͼͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ2
͈͹ͻͰͯͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹.
͉ͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͳͷΒͰͻͳt͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ΒͪͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͭͻ;
ͺͰ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͳ͹͸ͳ΀;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͱͳͬͳͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱi ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ , ͼͽͻ 342).
͉ͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͶ͹;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͳ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷ̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ
͌ͳͲͬΒͰ΃ͽͪΒ;8PSME&NQMPZNFOU4PDJBM0VUMPPL;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͼ
ͽͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͌ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͱͳͬΒͰͶ͹;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ; ͪͯΒͰ΁Ͱͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱ͊ͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
ͲͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪΒ;Εͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͫͳΓͰͱͳͶͪͼͽͪͫͳͶͪ͸͸ͳͬ͹ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͻ͹
ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ͹ͯ ͹͵͹ ͆ͳͬ͹ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͼͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͹ͳ; ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷ
̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͼͪ ;͸ͪ ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͳ͹ͯͽͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͳΒͰͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ͹͈ͻͰͷͪ
̾;ͻ͹ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͼͬͪ͵͹΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ͹ͯͳΒͰͽͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ
͹ͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳͶͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͰ͊ͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͭ͹ͻͪ;͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͳ
ͳ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹Β

ͪͲͪͽͳͷ;̻ͻ΂͵͹Β ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͳ ́ͽͪͶͳΒͳ ̈́ͳͽͬͪ͸ͳΒͳ ̈́Ͱͽ͹͸ͳΒͳͳ̺ͰͶͳ͵͹Β̹ͻͳͽͪ
͸ͳΒͳ3
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ ;͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͫͻ͹Βͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͼͽͰ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹
͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ
͈͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͲͪͭͪΌͰΔͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼ
ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
̻͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ͹t͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽͰ͸͹ΒͽͻͪͷͺͳiͳtͳͲͬ͹Ͳ;Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀΀ͪͲͪͻͯͪi ̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶ͍ͰΒͫͰͻ %BOJFM
'BCFS
ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͳ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͪͳ
ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ; ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ t͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵; ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ;͵͹Βͳ͹͸ͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸;͵Ͷͳͷ;;ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͋͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͬͪͱͳͲͪ
ͲͰͷΓͰͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱ̸ͲͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͠;ͭͪ ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲ͹ͫͳΓͰΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͰͳͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ
͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͳͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰ ;Ͳͺ͹ͻͰͼ͵Ͱ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͳ΁ͰͳͶͪͫͪͬͳΒͰ
2
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpswww.klix.ba/vijesti/svijet/skoro--miliona-djece-u-svijetu-zivi-u-ekstremnom-
siromastvu/161004013ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 4. 2017.
3
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpwww.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/alarmantni-podaci-cak-2-milijarde-ljudi-zivi-u-ekstremnom-
siromastvu-a-radnih-mjesta-nema-/894432.aspx
httpwww.vecernji.ba/svako-cetvrto-dijete-u-
europi-u-riziku-od-siromastva-1129074ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹18. 3. 2017.
397
ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͰͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ͉ͪ͹ͫͪͳͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ;ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷͿͪͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪͬͻͪ
ΕͪΒ;ͼͰͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ;͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ̽ͻͱͪͬͰͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͇ͼͽͪΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͲͪͭͪΌͰ
ΔͰ͑ͽ͹ΒͰΒ͹΃ͭ͹ͻͰ ͽ͹͵ͼͳ΂͸Ͱ͹ͽͺͪͯ͸ͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͲͪͭͪΌͰΔͪ ͹ͯͫͪ΂Ͱ͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͫͪ ΃ͳͻ͹͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰ ͳ ͼͬͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͪ͸ͽͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ ; ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ
̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͬͰͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳ ͯͪͫͳ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳͶͳ͸ͪΌ;ͫͻͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ͋ͻͰΕͰͭͼͬͰ
ͽ͈ͪͻͰ͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱ;͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͯͰ ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͸ͳͽͳͳͼͺͶͪͽͳͬ͹
ͳͲͬ͹Ͳͳͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͳͲͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ;
ͯͻ;ͭͰͲͰͷΓͰ͋͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒi ͍ͰΒͫͰͻ ͼͽͻ 339).
̾͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͲͪͭͪΌͰΔͰͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷͳ ͹͸ͳͼ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ̀ͪͭͪΌͰΔͰͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪ ͬ͹ͯͰ ͬͪͲͯ;΀ͪͳ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͫͳ͹ͯͳ
ͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪͼ;ͺͻͳͷΒͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ͵͹Βͳͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͻͳͲͳ͵Ͱ
͌Ͷͻͳ΀̹Ͱ͵ 6MSJDI#FDL
ΒͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͹ͻͳͲͳ΁ͳͷͪtͫ;ͷͰͻͪ͸ͭͰͿͰ͵ͽͪi ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͽ͹ͷͰ͵ͪ͵͹
ͻͳͲͳ΁ͳͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͳtͫ͹ͭͪͽͰͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͯͪͶͰͯͪͼ;ͼͰͳͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΔͰͷͻͳͲͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ
͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͰͻͳͲͳ͵ͪiͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͰͲͰͷΓͰtͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪ;ͬ͹ͲͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͳͻ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ͹ͬ͹Γ
͸ͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪi ͹͸ͯͪͼͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͬ͹Εͪ Ͷͳ΃Εͪ΂ͪΒͪͳͲͻ͸ͪ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͪ ͺͰͼͽͳ΁ͳͯͳtͬͻͪΕͪΒ;;ͼͬ͹Β;ͬͳͼ͹͵͹
ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸;ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ͸;i͇ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͳͲͻͪͲͳͽͰtͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰͽͰ
͸͹ͼͽ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͭ;ͻͪΒ; ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸Ͱ ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ ; ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻ͸ͳͷ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͸ͪ ͬͻͪͽͪ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀
ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ͇ͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͶͰͭͶͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͲͪͻͪͲͰ͵͹Βͪ– ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͲͪͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳͼͳͻ͹
ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀;ͲͫͳΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ– ͸Ͱ΃ͽͰͯͳ͸ͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͰ΂ͰͽͬͻͽͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱi
̹Ͱ͵ 01 ͼͽͻ –66).
̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ ΃ͳͻͰͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΒ;ͼͽ͹ͺͰ
ͷ͹ͻͫͳͯͳͽͰͽͪͳͷ͹ͻͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ
͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪΒͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͷͻͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ;ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃
ͽͬ͹ͷ ͹ͯͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͻͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ ͹ͬͪ͵͹ ͹ͯͯͳΒͪͻͰΒͰ .163.000),
͸Ͱ;΀ͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺͰͻͳ͸ͪͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͫ͹ΓͰΔͪ
ͷͪͽͰͻͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͫ͹ΓͰΔͪ

ͯΒͰ΂ͳΒͳ΀ ͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳ – ͹ͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͫ͹ͭͳΔͰ
ͽ;ͫͰͻ͵;Ͷ͹ͲͰ

ͷͰ͸ͳ͸ͭͳͽͳͼͪ
΀Ͱͺͪͽͳͽͳͼͪ
ͷͪͶͪͻͳΒͰ
ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͽͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳ

ͻͰͼͺͳͻͪͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͿͰ͵΁ͳΒͪ – ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͲͪͺͪΓͰΔͪ ͺͶ;Εͪ
͎̺́͊́̽̾

ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͬͳ΀ͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳ
͌΁ͳΒͰͶ͹ͷͬͳΒͰ͵;ͼ;͹ͯ͸ͳΒͰͶͰͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ ͹ͯͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͲͪͼͪͷ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͷͻͶ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ4
̽ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͷͪΒ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ;ͲͰΕͰͷ͹ͲͪͺͻͳͷΒͰͻͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;
͵ͪͻͽ;̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ̓ͪ͵͹͹͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ
͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͽ̹ͪ͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͼ;ͷ͹ͻ͸͹͇͵͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͼͽͪ͸͹
ͬ͸ͳ͵̹ͪ͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͱͳͬͳ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͳͼͺ͹ͯͽͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͇͵͹Γ;ͯͳ͹ͯͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͼͺͪͬͪΔͰͭͶͪͯ͸͹ ͫͰͲͬͰ΂ͰͻͰ ͪΔͳ΀΀ͻͪ͸ͳͼͰ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͵;΀ͳ
Δͪͷ̹ͪ͌ͳ͎ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀– ͹͵͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀
4
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttppescanik.net/problemi-globalnog-siromastva/ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹17. 3. 2017.
398
ͻͪͯͳͲͪͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸;ͷΒͰͼͰ΂͸;ͺͶͪͽ;͹ͯ͹͵͹͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͻͪ͵ͪ ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͳ΀͹ͯͶͪͲͳ
͸ͪͺ͹ͼͪ͹ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͫͳͬͪΒ;ͺͶͪͽ;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹͸ͳͽͳͳͷͼͰ;ͺͶͪΕ;Β;͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸ͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ͇ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ
͹ͯͺͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ;̹ͳ͎ Δͳ΀ͳͷͪͷΒͰͼͰ΂͸;ͺͰ͸ͲͳΒ;͹ͯ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪͶ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ͵͹͸
ͬͰͻͽͳͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͻͪ͵ͪ ́ͪ͵͹ͼͰ ͼͽ͹ͺͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͼͷͪΔ;ΒͰ Β͹΃;ͬͳΒͰ͵
ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͱͳͬͳͳͼͺ͹ͯͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵;ͳͲͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͳΒͰ
ΔͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͷΒͰͼͰ΂͸ͳͺͻͳ
΀͹ͯͷͪΔͳ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͻͪ͵ͪ ͹͵͹Ͱ;ͻͪ
ͺ͹͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͉ͰͲ;ͽͪͽͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͳͼͺ͹ͯͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͱͳͬͳ͹ͯ
ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵̹ͪ͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͊ͽ͹ͺͪ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͳ ;
ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ;ͼͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸͹ͷ ͼͽ͹ͺͪͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͼͰͼͷͪΔͳͶͪͲͪ
͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ ͽ͹ͯͪ ͼ; ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͬͰ͹ͷͪͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β͵ͪͻͽͳ
̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ Βͪͼ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͽ͹ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁; ͳͷͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳ ͹ͯͶͳͬ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
ͷͶͪͯͳ΀͋ͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ;
̸Ͷͳ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ ͻͪͼͽͰͳͫͻ͹Βͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ
̹͌͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͱͳͬͳͷͳͶͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͼ;ͺͰͻͫ͹ͭͪͽͪ΃ͪ ͹ͯ΂Ͱͭͪͷ;Ͷ
ͽͳͷͳͶͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ ΂ͳΒͰ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͯͰͼͰͽͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͻͪ͵ͪ
̹ͻ͹Βͷ;ͶͽͳͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͰͻͪͻͪͼͽͰ͌ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͳ΀ΒͰͫͳͶ͹;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͪͺ͹ͼͬͳͷͺͻ͹΁ΒͰ
͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͫͳΕͰͳ΀ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹͈ͯͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͽ͹ͯͪ;͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ
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ͫͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͻͪ͵ͪ6
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͸ͳͼ; ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳ͇͸ͳͼ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͬͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͺͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ ͳ͸ͪͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͳͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼ
ͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ ͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ΒͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹
̓ͪ͹ ͺͻͳͷΒͰͻ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ Ͱ͸͹ͻͷ͸͹ͭ ͫ͹ͭͪΕͰΔͪ ͳ
Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͭͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͰΔͪ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͷ͹̹͹ͼ͸;ͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸;͋ͪͷ͹ͭͯΒͰͼ;ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹
ͬͪ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪͳ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ΀ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
ͺͻͪͬ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΕͰͼͰͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ

̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpwww.pogled.ba/clanak/u-bih-gotovo-pola-milijuna-ljudi-zivi-ispod-granice-
siromastvaͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 4. 2017.
6
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siromasnih- ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 4. 2017.
399
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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͉ͳͲͳ΂͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;ͼ;ͼͻͰͽ͸͹ͬ͹Βͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ̾
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̽;΃ͪ͸ͳΕ ̹͠
͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪͷͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ;̸͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯCatena
mundi.
Engdahl, W. F. (2008). 4UPMKFǀFSBUBUBKOJHFPQPMJUJǁLJQMBOBNFSJǁLF7MBEF;BHSFC%FUFDUB
ͅͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̹
̹͹ͭͪͽͪ΃ͳͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪͼͳ͵ͻͪͽ͵ͪͳ͸Ͱ͹ͫͳ΂͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹
ͼͽͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵
͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͬͪͶͳ͵ͪͼͬͰͽ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ̻ͪͯ;ͽͰͷͫͰͻͭ͹ͬͪͭͪͶͪ͵ͼͳΒͪ
͉Ͱͳ͸Ͱͻͽ͊̾
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͐ͳͭ͹Βͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ
͍ͰΒͫͰͻ ̽
͆Ͱͺ͹΃ͽͰ͸ͪͽͻͪͷͺͪ– ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͳͲͬ͹ͲͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀΀ͪͲͪͻͯͪ ;͈͡;΃ͳΕ
ͺͻͳͻ
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̺͹Βͬ͹Όͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͑͹ͶͽͰ ̸͠
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͬ͹͈ͯ͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ͏́̽
IUUQTXXXIFSDFHPWJOBJOGPWJKFTUJWJKFTUJCJICJI-92-multimilijunasa--milijunasa-i-milijun-
siromasnih-
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siromastvu-a-radnih-mjesta-nema-/894432.aspx
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siromastvu/161004013
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IUUQXXXWFDFSOKJCBTWBLP-cetvrto-dijete-u-europi-u-riziku-od-siromastva-1129074
400
*3*/"#,07"ƀ&7*Ƃ
GLOCALIZATION OF SOCIAL INEQUALITIES

SUMMARY
Globalization produces numerous changes in all areas of personal and social life and, therefore, in the
economic and social field in which huge inequalities between countries and peoples, but also within themsel-
ves, are created and generated. Inequalities have become the harsh reality at both the global and local level.
They have both global and local features. The process of the glocalization of social inequalities, a turbulent
process that has its own problems, risks, conflicts and dangers, is realized.
,&:803%4 globalization, glocalization, conflicts, risks, social inequalities.
401

321.011
#0(%"/"/,0-+&7*ſ1
Institute for Political Studies, Belgrade
3&407&3&*(/*;"5*0/"/%10-*5*$4
0'5)&1&01-&
A#453"$5 In this article, UIFJTTVFPGSFTPWFSFJHOJ[BUJPOJTEJTDVTTFEJOJUTTUSVDUVSBMSFMBUJPOUPiQFo-

QMFhTQPMJUJDTiBTUIFQSPQFSSFTQPOTFUPQPMJUJDBM FDPOPNJD TPDJBMBOEDVMUVSBMHMPCBMJTN5IFBVUIPSBSHVFT
how contemporary political philosophy, for the most part, has proclaimed that sovereignty has been out-
sourced, simultaneously emphasizing how this line of thinking develops from postmodern-
ism/poststructuralism and, likewise, from neoliberalism. The relevant reference to the difference between
decisionistic sovereignty and popular sovereignty – BTUIFQFSNBOFOUTUSVHHMFCFUXFFOiUIFPOFuBOEiUIF
NBOZu– opens the perspective for comprehending the immanent link between democracy, sovereignty and
the concept of the political. Moreover, it is precisely the return to the social contract, together with rethink-
JOHPGEJSFDUEFNPDSBDZUIBUFYQMBJOTUIFQPUFOUJBMJUJFTPGiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuJOUIFst century. In the second
part of the article, the relation between politics and power is placed forward, with the following concluTJPO
JOPSEFSGPSQPMJUJDTUPCFDPNFiQPXFSGVMuBHBJOJUOFFETUPCFVOEFSTUPPECPUIBTQPMJUJDTPGUJNFand QPMJUJDT
PGMPDBMJUZ. This is the basis of resovereignization as political autonomy and self-determination.
,&:803%4 resovereignization, people’s politics, (post)globalization, true democracy, self-
determination.
(-0#"-*;"5*0/VS3&407&3&*(/*;"5*0/
Before addressing the issue of resovereignization and the unfolding of the concept of politics of
UIFQFPQMF JFPGiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTi– what is our primary goal here - let us recall that globalization, first
and foremost, exemplifies the process which noticeably resembles Marx’s description of a different or,
perhaps, not so different, phenomenon in The $PNNVOJTU .BOJGFTUPOBNFMZ UIBUiwherever it has got
UIFVQQFSIBOEuJUIBTiMFGUSFNBJOJOHOPPUIFSOFYVTCFUXFFONBOBOENBOUIBOOBLFETFMG-interest,
than callous ‘cash payment’. It has resolved personal worth into exchange value, and in place of the
numberless indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom — Free
5SBEFu .BSY
.PSFPWFS HMPCBMJ[BUJPOiIBTUISough its exploitation of the world market given a
1
bb2polfil@gmail.com
402
#0(%"/"/,0-+&7*ſResovereignization and politics of the people
DPTNPQPMJUBODIBSBDUFSUPQSPEVDUJPOBOEDPOTVNQUJPOJOFWFSZDPVOUSZuCVU BTTVDIiJUIBTESBXO
GSPNVOEFSUIFGFFUPGJOEVTUSZUIFOBUJPOBMHSPVOEPOXIJDIJUTUPPEu .BSY
BOE JOUIFGJOBM
instance, we might add, it has subordinated human value to imperialism of the market and to crypto-
monarchy of particular currencies, nowadays most obviously the dollar and the euro.
It is from this perspective that the articulation of resovereignization presents itself, as political,
economic and social resovereignization and alternative to the still prevailing TUBUVTRVPMoreover, it is
in this respect one can perceive IPXQSBDUJDFIBTTVQFSTFEFEUIFPSZ CFDBVTFiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuCFHBOUP
arise in the West, i.e. at the very place of mastery and dominion without previous systematic conceptu-
BMJ[BUJPO PG BOZ TPSU i1FPQMFT QPMJUJDTu UIFSFGPSF IBT FNFSHFE XIJMF UIFPSZ JT TUJMM GJOEJOg its way.
Furthermore, an infinite number of contemporary political philosophy writings – and as distinct
BNPOHUIFNTFMWFTBT)BSU-Negri’s, Ranciere’s, Agamben’s, Critchley’s theory – are precisely wrapped
around the issue of proclaiming that sovereignty IBTCFFOPVUTPVSDFE5IVT)BSEUBOE/FHSJTEmpire
(2001) and .VMUJUVEF
BSUJDVMBUFUIFBSHVNFOUJOGBWPSPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPOQSPDFTTFTUIBUMFBEUPUIF
growth of power of the multitude while simultaneously emphasizing that sovereignty QFS TF is the
source of inequality and injustice and, in the final instance, the enemy to be reckoned with at all costs.
Agamben’s )PNP 4BDFS (1998) - as well as 4UBUFPG&YDFQUJPO
– represents, first and foremost, a
critique of the state and law QFSTF while the concept of sovereignty remains situated in between power,
WJPMFODFBOEUIFTUBUF"HBNCFODPODMVEFTIJTUIFPSZXJUIBOBQQFBMGPSBGGJSNBUJPOPGiXIBUFWFSTJn-
HVMBSJUJFTi JFXJUIBDPODFQUPGJOEJWJEVBMJUZUIBUJTKVYUBQPTFEUPTPWFSFJHOUZ– with a future commu-
OJUZ PG iTVCKFDUJWJUZ XJUIPVU TVCKFDUTi *O 3BODJFSFT XSJUJOHT TPWFSFJHOUZ BOE FRVBMJUZ BSF TFWFSFMZ
opposed in a structural way, such that the very possibility of realization of freedom is linked to abolish-
ing any type and form of a sovereign project (Ranciere, 2006). One of the key reasons and explanations
for the appearance of this similar thread of thinking in various authors, that is, a plea for a post
TPWFSFJHODPOEJUJPO, lies, therefore, in the fact that philosophical poststructuralism and postmodernism
FOHFOFSBMF- just as neoliberalism - proclaimed sovereignty as the greatest threat of all, i.e. presenting it
as the authoritative power force which needs to be deconstructed at all costs. In the majority of cases,
this is presented as a sineRVBOPOGPSBiIBQQJMZFWFSBGUFSiJOBHMPCBMJ[FEDPTNPQPMJT in which history
came to an end. 1SPFUDPOUSB, however, what has not been recently distinguishable and elaborated
VQPOJTQSFDJTFMZUIFGPMMPXJOH
1) Firstly, the difference between two threads of rethinking sovereignty, i.e. between decesionistic
sovereignty and popular sovereignty as its opposed form. This difference is a fundamental one because
it refers to two highly distinct philosophical and prBDUJDBMNPWFNFOUTEFDFTJPOJTUJDTPWFSFJHOUZEFTJg-
nates the concept of sovereignty as power and dominion, the ultimate origin of mastery, while popular
sovereignty exemplifies power as the power of the people, i.e. a self-founding process of becoming of
the political. Therefore, in a rough outline, the first line of thinking is most notably associated with
)PCCFTBOEUIFTFDPOEXJUI3PVTTFBV CFDBVTFUIFJOUFSOBMTUSVDUVSFPGEFDFTJPOJTUJDTPWFSFJHOUZCPJMT
EPXOUPFJUIFSUIFEPNJOJPOPGiUIFPOFiPSPGiUIFGFXi– which is the preferable unraveling of politics
in 5IF-FWJBUIBO (2011) – while, simultaneously, popular sovereignty refers to the political activity of
the people constituting themselves as the people, i.e. to the social contract fundamentally determined
403
CZFRVBMJUZ 3PVTTFBV #BEJPV
5IJTDPSSFTQPOETUPUIFEJGGFSFODFCFUXFFOTPWFSFJHOUZBT
absolute, i.e. unlimited ruling power and sovereignty as the expression of political legitimacy, that is,
between divergent processes of obedience and emancipation that has its reference to FHBMJUBSJBOJTN
Moreover, this is also why the issue of popular sovereignty is QFSEFGJOUJPOFN associated with the ques-
UJPOPGiUIFNBOZuBOESFMBUFTUPUIFEFNPDSBUJDNPNFOUBTUIFGPVOEJOHNPNFOUPGQPMJUJDT Jn com-
QBSJTPOXJUIiUIFPOFu XIJDICZDPODFQUEFWFMPQTBTBIJFSBSDIJDBMTUSVDUVSF UIFSFGPSFPQFOJOHUIF
way for the master-TMBWFSFMBUJPO UIFSBEJDBMHBQCFUXFFOGPSDFBOEGSFFEPN

2) Secondly, the process that requires theoretical comprehension and articulation is QBSFYDFMMFODF
the ongoing one, i.e. it is the question how philosophical reflections on popular sovereignty relate to the
QIFOPNFOPO PG iQFPQMFT QPMJUJDTu JO B DPOUFNQPSBSZ TFUUJOH 5IFTF OFX GPSNT PG QPMJUJDT BSJTJOH
precisely in the West - regardless of whether they are right or left oriented – are all opposed to neoliber-
alism as political mastery of the ruling class. Moreover, these new politics invoke the return of the social
contract to politics in most concrete ways, such as the emphasis on the relevance of the referendum as
UIFFYFNQMBSZGPSNPGJNNFEJBUF JFEJSFDUEFNPDSBDZ
3) Thirdly, the issue that is placed forward then is the reflection on democracy QFSTF, as the re-
sponse to the inquiry what the difference between decesionistic sovereignty and popular sovereignty, as
XFMMBTXIBUUIFSJTFPGDPOUFNQPSBSZiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuTBZTBCPVUEFNPDSBDZ5IFSFGPSF JGUIFSFQSe-
sentative model of democracy has been severely perverted in its neoliberal shape – both in theory and
in practice - the idea that democracy JGJUXBOUTUPCFEFNPDSBDZneeds to be interrelated with the per-
NBOFOUCFDPNJOHPGUIFTPDJBMDPOUSBDUDPNFTGPSUI
4) Finally, last but in no respect least, it should be examined what are the structural implications of
two forms of sovereignty and rethinking of democracy for the concept of the political. If the original
concept of the political – of polis in politics – is abolished in the neoliberal setting and, furthermore, in
every type of decesionism that is self-contradictory to the social contract, than the political as such
stands in intrinsic relation to the democratic moment of popular sovereignty.
108&3"/%1&01-&410-*5*$4
If the problem is – as Bauman (2002) has extensively argued – that politics and power have be-
come divorced in contemporary setting, i.e. if politics have become emptied of practically any relevant
content because the place of real power is now SFMPDBUFEPVUTJEFPGJUthan the very cause of this coun-
terproductive movement at the same time reveals the NPEVTPQFSBOEJ for its overcoming. In other
words, if the separation between politics and power to the greatest extent has happened because power
has evaporated into the TVQSBOBUJPOBMTQBDFT of finance, trade and information platforms while politics
and democracy have become haunted spaces and more or less either useless or abused concepts – then,
consequently, it is exactly the issue of SFTPWFSFJHOJ[BUJPO that appears as the QBSFYDFMMFODFquestion of
the 21st century.
404
Moreover, the call for political, social and economic resovereignization as the proper response to
the globalized imperialism in decline appears as TJOFRVBOPO for reaffirmation of the concept of the
political or, more accurately, for its regaining of its own original power via the power of the people.
5IJTJTXIBUiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuIBWFSFDFOUMZEFNPOTUSBUFEJOQSBDUJDFJOOVNFSPVTTUBUFTJOUIF8FTU
in a large number of cases the so-DBMMFEiOPSNBMTUBUFQPMJUJDTuTJNQMZTFSWFTUIFJOUFSFTUT PGTVQSB-
national power and, in such sense, HPFTBHBJOTUJUTPXOTUBUF'VSUIFSNPSF iQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuFYFNQMi-
fies, therefore, that the underlying premise of every western representative democracy, i.e. that citizens
exercise political power through voting, then representatives are elected, governments are formed and
their power which figures as the will of the people is no longer valid. The conclusion to be drawn from
this is that the social contract is structurally broken and that we can no longer embrace liberal democ-
racies as the regime in which power and politics coincide, that is, in which power lies within the people.
)PXFWFS simultaneously, this unraveling sheds light precisely on the issue how we should rethink
contemporarily the concept of democracy because now it emerges as immanently interrelated with
popular sovereignty. Popular sovereignty itself, in turn, is disclosed as a necessary precondition of and
for politics thought through an alternative framework of power which resists decisionistic sovereignty.
As such, popular sovereignty is EFNPDSBUJDTPWFSFJHOUZQBSFYDFMMFODF – the power of the EFNPT - which
is diametrically opposed to every form of absolutism of political power. From a slightly different per-
spective – but no less significant – one can, along the same lines, say that the neo-imperialistic and neo-
colonial processes of globalization have, unwillingly, but in a manner of a certain political logic, re-
vealed the utmost relevance of MPDBMJ[BUJPOfor politics as such. The link between sovereignty and locali-
zation is, therefore, the key for unwrapping the political. There is no politics without MPDBUJPO. There is
no democracy without QPMJUJDTQSPQFS i.e. SFBMJ[FEBTQPMJUJDTPGUJNFCVUFRVBMMZQPMJUJDTPGTQBDF BMPDBMJ
ty, and this locality is tied precisely with the will and the power of the people coming into being and
then further being continually exercised. There is no popular sovereignty without USVFEFNPDSBDZBT
QPMJUJDT.
In a SFUPVSto the differentiation between decesionistic sovereignty and popular sovereignty a par-
ticular emphasis lies in the phenomenon that decisionistic sovereignty is EFGBDUPexemplified in and
through various globalization processes. More precisely, the mastery and dominion – as well as the
hierarchical structure which empties the political - is most notably presented in financial institutions
such as the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These institu-
tions are the concrete embodiment of globalization and so are, on the other hand, political institutions
such as the EU and NATO – as models constructed for dissolving sovereignty and removing the deci-
sion-making process from immediate democracy that expresses the WPYQPQVMJ. This fact has another
TJHOJGJDBOUDPOTFRVFODFJGDPOUFNQPSBSZQPXFSJTOPUUIFNBOJGFTUBUJPOPGUIFXJMMPGUIFQFPQMFBOE
moreover, is not located in either local or national governments – if the rights of the people have been
delivered to transnational institutions - UIFOUIFQSJNBSZBOEVMUJNBUFHPBMPGiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuJTUP
bring back UIFTUBUF. This is to say that if, for instance, particular European states, first and foremost,
serve the interests of various financial and political institutions PVUTJEFPGUIFJSQSPQFSMPDBMJUJFT i.e. plac-
es of specific human existence, the task of new movements, whether they are left or right oriented, is

the return of political practice to its space of occurrence. Because, if indeed it is the case that either
elected or unelected governments of technocrats are in power in numerous states, the demand is to
unmask the reality-show of NJNFTJTof politics that becomes a matter of social, normative and existen-
tial urgency.
5IFUBTL UIFSFGPSF PGUIFSJTFPGiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTu– regardless of different shapes it takes – is to
reaffirm and rebuild again the state which in the era of globalization has become deeply discredited.
More accurately, the removal and dislocation of power into the hands of crypto-elites have produced
the schizophrenic SVQUVSFBOEDPOEJUJPOPGFYJTUFODFPGiBTUBUFXJUIJOBTUBUFu5IFTUBUF, therefore,
appeared as the casualty of the separation between politics and power – but, equally, its
de(con)struction emerges more as an issue about systematical theoretical and political action than as an
FOQBTTBOU collateral damage issue.
3&407&3&*(/*;"5*0/"410-*5*$"-"650/0.:"/%4&-'-%&5&3.*/"5*0/
Let us here recall that contemporary political philosophy insists on the relevance of OBNJOH
#BEJPV
as foundational grounding of ongoing life and practical processes and the very act of
disclosing the direction or situation of a movement. In the context in which power has become supra-
political, i.e. in which QPMJUJDTOPMPOHFSIBTQPXFSCVUSBUIFSTFSWFTQPXFS it is precisely SFTPWFSFJHOJ[B
tion that appears as the proper name for UBLJOHCBDLQPMJUJDTGSPNUIFQPMJUJDBMDMBTT JFGSPNUSBOTOB
UJPOBMDSZQUPelites. Because, if current content-less politics is distinctively out of reach of the common
citizens, then the action of returning politics to the people and the preservation of their will is the re-
quired and necessary response. If politics is, first and foremost, about naming, resovereignization is the
proper name. It goes without saying that such a new movement of repolitization FPJQTP means TUSVD
UVSBMDPOGSPOUBUJPO with the power of finance capital, as well as with the globalized vision of a unipolar
world. It is the re-FNFSHFODFPGiUIFNBOZuBHBJOTUiUIFPOFuXIJDIJTXIZUIJTQSPDFTT UIFSFGPSF DPr-
responds to the aspirations for transforming UIFJOUFSOBUJPOBMTUBUVTRVPtowards a multipolar, plural-
ized, post-globalized scene. Moreover, this is the underlying reason why it equally coincides and relates
to all efforts of particular states that aim to reaffirm sovereignty in the turbulent epoch of the 21st centu-
ry. On the other hand, however intrinsically relevant, the outlined moment JTUIFFYUFSOBMBTQFDUPG
SFTPWFSJHOJ[BUJPOUIBUBTTVNFTJOUFSDPOOFDUFEOFTTCFUXFFOiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuJOEJWFSHFOUMPDBMTQBDFT
in multiplicities of localities in which these growing processes unfold. 5IFJNNBOFOUBTQFDU JFUIFDPSF
PGSFTPWFSFHOJ[BUJPOJTSFDMBJNJOHBVUPOPNZBOEQPMJUJDBMTFMGEFUFSNJOBUJPOBTUIFQSPQFSSFTQPOTFUP
RVBTJQPMJUJDT.
Currently we are in the stage of DSJTJT in both internal and external aspects of resoveregnization –
and every crisis, as Gramsci (2011) rightly noted, consists for the most part in the fact that the old is
dying and the new has not been born yet, that is, the new is struggling, with difficulty, into existence.
Externally, we are in a critical state between a world that is falling apart and a new world because the
old order has collapsed and something is struggling for emergence, while internally the conceptualiza-
tion of resovereignization as self-determination is more than needed. This is why, to invoke here
406
Gramsci (2011) once again, the challenge of contemporary times is to live without illusions – without
becoming disillusioned.
So what would resovereignization as autonomy in our contemporary self-contradictory reality
look like 8IBUEPMJWFQIFOPNFOBPGDPOGSPOUJOHOFPDPMPOJBMJTNPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPOTQFBLBCPVUBu-
UIFOUJDBOEHFOVJOFGPSNTPGCVJMEJOHiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTu 8IBUBSFUIFTUSVDUVSBMUSBOTGPSNBUJPOTPG
social practices which signify a particular return to the concept of UIFQPMJUJDBM *OBOFDPOPNJDTFOTF
resovereignization as self-determination refers to a contemporary form of reclaiming ownership of the
means of production - such as nationalization of major state industries - a demand of collective owner-
ship in a particular locality, i.e. of the places where one lives, works, thinks and plays. In a political
sense, resovereignization as autonomy is primarily the very act of a return to the most classical and
basic goal of politics, to popular sovereignty as USVFEFNPDSBDZ which is at all times opposed to the ideo-
logical birdsong of representative liberal democracy. Furthermore, it is a SFUPVS to QPMJUJDTBTQPMJUJDTPG
MPDBUJPO a creativeremaking of the concepts of assembly and self-determination in a way of a new
political imagination.
5IFMJOLPGBSUJDVMBUJOHUIFTFQSPDFTTFTPGiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuJOSFMBUJPOUPUIFQBSFYDFMMFODF Aris-
totelian vision of inseparability between FUIJDTBOEQPMJUJDT (Aristotle, 2000), lies in comprehending that
a true politics requires an JOGJOJUFEFNBOE that flows from the QFSDFQUJPOPGJOKVTUJDF (Critchley, 2013).
This is the sense in which UIFDPODFQUPGUIFQPMJUJDBM FPJQTPcarries with itself a SBEJDBMMZFHBMJUBSJBO
NPNFOU which is equally related to rethinking freedom QFS TF. This is also how resovereignization
brings with it a different political anthropology in comparison to the one promoted by free-trade ide-
ology, an anthropology of altruism that can replace the egoistic DBMDVMVTand view freedom as interrelat-
ed with justice.
After perceiving and politically situating the concept of infinite demand,2 the second step, then,
lies in examining the issue of the location, i.e. where precisely the infinite demand of injustice is articu-
lated. This moment, however, is interrelated with the question of the creation of - consistently speaking
in Gramsci’s (2011) conceptual apparatus - a OFXIFHFNPOZ as a counter-movement which binds to-
HFUIFSBTDBUUFSFEDPMMFDUJWJUZ*OUIJTSFTQFDU iQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuBMXBZTBMSFBEZQSFTVQQPTFTBDPNNPO
GSPOUBQPMJUJDBMTVCKFDUJWJUZthat takes shape and comes into existence. Moreover, it is precisely such
BDUJWJUZUIBUJT DBMMFEIFHFNPOZPS JO-BDMBVBOE.PVGGFT
UFSNT iB DIBJO PGFRVJWBMFODFTu
)FHFNPOZ UIFSFGPSF JTUIFBSUPGUIFQPMJUJDBMJOBOECZJUTFMG JFUIFDVMUJWBUJPOPGGPSNTPGDPNNPn-
ality and the construction of a collective will (Laclau, 2007). This irreplaceable practice of hegemony is
based in locality, coming forth from the local ethnography of social life and rising, in this way, from
political history and political anthropology of a particular topos)FHFNPOZ- as collective will - has to
take serious account of the habits, morals and local traditions exactly because the quest of the political,
as well as a true democracy, must not be imposed from above, but rather needs to be generated from
2
In comparison to the argument outlined in *OGJOJUFMZ%FNBOEJOH (Critchley, 2013) which ends as an appeal for a
specific FUIJDT UIFDPODFQUPGUIFiJOGJOJUFEFNBOEuIFSFIBTJUTJSSFQMBDFBCMFQPMJUJDBMEJNFOTJPO.
407
iCFMPXu'VSUIFSNPSF XIBUJTBUTUBLFIFSFJTUIFJNNBOFOUSFMBUJPOCFUXFFOUIFSBEJDBMMZFHBMJUBSJBO
moment and the molecular level of social life.
*G UIFSFGPSF XIBUJTQSPQPTFECZBSUJDVMBUJPOPGSFTPWFSFJHOJ[BUJPOBOEiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuJTBMTP
rethinking of an alternative conception of power which comes forth from B DPMMFDUJWFXJMM, then the
meta-question, namely, how we contribute to these growing practices, has a response in its very formu-
lation. In other words, a commonality aiming towards autonomy and self-determination or, more
accurately, a restoration of the inner bond between QPMJUJDTBOEQPXFS refers to theoretical and practical
NPEFTPGBDUJPOXIJDISFBGGJSNUSVFEFNPDSBDZ)FSFPOFDBOBMTPSFDBMM"SFOEUT
SFUIJOLJOHPG
the concept of power - in comparison and opposition to force or violence because it occurs JOUFSIPNJ
nes, when people act together in a public sphere – but the issue of interconnectedness between freedom
and justice, as a QBSFYDFMMFODF matter of true democracy, is a relevant moment for re-articulating power
as well.
5IJTJTUPTBZUIFGPMMPXJOHQPMJUJDTJTOPUPOMZ– BT3BODJFSF
UIJOLTPGit - the spontaneous
emergence of the people, a spontaneous appearance, nor is it merely - as Badiou (2006) would have it –
BNBUUFSPGBSBSFFWFOU5IFBVUIFOUJDBQQFBSBODFBOEHSPXUIPGiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTuSFRVJSFTUIFiCBDk-
HSPVOEuPGUIFJOGJOJUFEFNBOd and the QFSDFQUJPOPGQPMJUJDT as QPMJUJDTPGUJNF and QPMJUJDTPGMPDBMJUZ.
1PMJUJDTPGUJNF above all, relates to comprehending a genealogy of political forms and how contempo-
rary politics is situated within a historical framework as well as the perception of Kairos, of proper time
when conditions are right for the accomplishment of a crucial action, i.e. the decisive moment which
exists in between regular time. As such, politics of time is practically inseparable from politics of locali-
ty, that is, from local spaces and places in which politics is generated and created – and from collective
NFNPSZUISPVHIXIJDIQPMJUJDBMTVCKFDUJWJUZUBLFTTIBQF ,PMKFWJǀ

In response, therefore, to the question about the role of the intellectual in contemporary societies
FOHFOFSBMF, it is this interweaving between QPMJUJDTPGUJNF and QPMJUJDTPGMPDBMJUZ and, moreover, the
interrelatedness between the concept of the political and resovereignization that, first and foremost,
needs to be taken into account. A bSJFGPVUMJOFPGUIJTSPMFUIFOJTUIFGPMMPXJOHBTJOUFMMFDUVBMTFBDIBOE
every one of us should at all times substantially strive towards achieving the goal of becoming what
Gramsci (2011) called UIFPSHBOJDJOUFMMFDUVBM. The contemporary organic intellectual is the structural
QBSUPGUIFQSPDFTTPGCFDPNJOHPGiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTu JFIFJTBOJNNBOFOUQBSUPGUIFNPWFNFOUPG
political, economic, social and cultural resovereignization. As such, the intellectual of the 21st century is,
in and by itself, BOJSSFQMBDFBCMFDPOUSJCVUPSUPUIFBSUJDVMBUJPOPGUIFDPMMFDUJWFXJMMCFDBVTFIFJTXJUIJO
the movement rather than outside, the intellectual emerges from the process of becoming of the politi-
cal and can, therefore, TQFBLGSPNUIBUQPTJUJPO. Furthermore, this is also essential to the activity of polit-
ical education, as well as for constructing alternative political practices around the concepts like asso-
ciaUJPOTPGQFPQMFBOEHFOFSBMBTTFNCMJFT)PXFWFS UIFCPUUPNMJOFJTUIFVUNPTUSFMFWBODF of CSJOHJOH
CBDLUIFTUBUFUIBUIBTCFFOEJTDSFEJUFEBOEQSBDUJDBMMZEJTTPMWFE. This is a process of the creative coming
together and binding between theory and practice in such a way that the first is not empty and the
second is not blind.
408
If there is a new spectre haunting Europe today - JUJTQSFDJTFMZUIFTQFDUSFPGiQFPQMFTQPMJUJDTu
Moreover, iBMMUIFQPXFSTPGPME&VSPQFIBWFFOUFSFEJOUPBOBMMJBODFUPFYPSDJTFUIJTTQFDUSFu .BSY
1964) – the spectre of European alliance of free and sovereign sUBUFT"HBJO QFPQMFiIBWFOPUIJOHUP
MPTFCVUUIFJSDIBJOTuPS SBUIFS iUIFZIBWFBXPSMEUPXJOu .BSY

3&'&3&/$&4
"HBNCFO (

4UBUFPG&YDFQUJPO$IJDBHP5IF6OJWFSTJUZPG$IJDBHP1SFTT
Agamben, G. (1998). )PNP4BDFS4PWFSFJHO1PXFSBOE#BSF-JGF4UBOGPSE4UBOGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
Aristotle. (2000). 1PMJUJDT/FX:PSL%PWFS1VCMJDBUJPOT
"SFOEU )
0O7JPMFODF #FSMJO*NQPSUBOU#PPLT
Badiou, A. (2006). #FJOHBOE&WFOU/FX:PSL$POUJOVVN
#BEJPV "
1IJMPTPQIZBOEJUT$POEJUJPOT/FX:PSL4UBUF6OJWFSTJUZ/FX:PSL1SFTT
Bauman, Z. (2002). 4PDJUFUZ6OEFS4JFHF/FX:PSL1PMJUZ1SFTT
Critchley, S. (2013). *OGJOJUFMZ%FNBOEJOH/FX:PSL7FSTP
Gramsci, A. (2011). 1SJTPO/PUFCPPLT /FX:PSLColumbia University Press.
)BSEU .BOE/FHSJ "
&NQJSF$BNCSJEHF)BSWBSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
)BSEU.BOE/FHSJ"
.VMUJUVEF8BSBOE%FNPDSBDZJOUIF"HFPG&NQJSFPenguin Ran-
EPN)PVTF-POEPO
)PCCFT 5
-FWJBUIBO New YorL$4*11
Laclau, E. & Mouffe, C. (2001). )FHFNPOZBOE4PDJBMJTU4USBUFHZ/FX:PSL7FSTP
Laclau, E. (2007). &NBODJQBUJPO T
/FX:PSL7FSTP
,PMKFWJǀ #
5XFOUZ'JSTU $FOUVSZ #JPQPMJUJDT 'SBOLGVSU "N .BJO 1FUFS -BOH *OUFSOBUJPOBM
Publishing.
Marx, K. (1964). 5IF$PNNVOJTU.BOJGFTUP/FX:PSL1PDLFU#PPLT
3BODJFSF +
%JTTFOTVT0O1PMJUJDTBOE"FTUIFUJDT/FX:PSL#MPPNTCFSZ"DBEFNJD1VCMJTIJOH
Ranciere, J. (2006). )BUSFEPG%FNPDSBDZ/FX:PSL7FSTP
Rousseau, J. J. (2014). 5IF4PDJBM$POUSBDU$BNCSJEHF$BNCSJEHF6OJWFTJUZ1SFTT
409
̸̸̹͇̻͇̺̽͆͆̓̾́ͣ͡
̸͉̺͉̾͊͌̾̾͆́̀͏̸̸̸̸͈͇͉͇́́̈́́͋́̓͆̽͠

͉̾̀́̾ͅ
͌ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ΂Ͷͪ͸͵; ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͻͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ ͼͰ ; ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸͹Β ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͪ tͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi ͵ͪ͹ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
͈͹ͶͪͲͳͼͰ͹ͯ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͪ͵ͼͪ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳtͺͻͰͬͪͲͳ΃ͶͪiͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;, ͽΒ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͬͰΕͳͼ΁ͻͽͪͶͳ͹ͫͻͳͼͰ͸͹ͬͰͰͺ͹΀Ͱͯ͹͵ ͼͪͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰΒ͹΃
;ͬͰ͵͸ͳΒͰͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸͹ͪͻͽͳ͵;ͶͳͼͪͶ͹͹ͬͰͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ̸;ͽ͹ͻͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ ΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͫͰͲͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͵ͪ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͶͪ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͎ͪͻͽ ͆Ͱͭͻͳ
͉ͪ͸ͼͳΒͰͻ ̸ͭͪͷͫͰ͸ ̓ͻͳ΂Ͷͳ
– ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͻͪͲͬͳ͹
ͳͲͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͷͪͺ͹ͼͽͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹͵ͪ͹ͳͳͲ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ͌͹ͫͪ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪͼͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͽͻͰͫͪͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͪͼͽͪ͵ͪΔͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ΒͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ΒͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳ͌ͺ;ΕͳͬͪΔͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͰ΁Ͱ
Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ– ͵ͪ͹͸ͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸;ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ
tΒͰͯ͸͹ͭiͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪtͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪi– ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͲͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͰͬͰͲͰ͵͹Βͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪͳͺ͹Βͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͠Ͱͻ ͯͰ΁ͰͲͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ
ͽͳ΂ͰͼͰ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͷ͹ΕͳͳͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͼͪ͵͹Β͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ ͯ͹͵ͼͰ ͹ͫͻͪͽ͸͹
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪͷ͹͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͳͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹
͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸͹ͬͳ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ ͻ;ͼ͹͹ͬͼ͵ͳͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ͼͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰͷ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ tͺͻͪͬͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰi ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹
ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪtͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi;XXI ͬͰ͵;͌ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͻͪͯͪ ;Ͳͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪΔͰ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰpolis-ͪ;
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳͷ͹Εͳ;ͲͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺ͹
Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭtͺͻͪͲ͸͹ͭͷͰͼͽͪiͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪtͷ͹Ε͸ͪiͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͻͪͲ;
ͷͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͷͰͼͽͪ̓ͻ͹ͲͽͰͷͺ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳtopos ͹ͫͻͪͲ;ΒͰͼͰͳ
ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͺ͹Βͪͷͷ͹Εͳ͵ͪ͹tͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi– ͳͽͰ͵͸ͪ͹ͬͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͰͽͳͯ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ
ͻͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͷ͹;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͼͰ
ͼͽ͹ͭͪ ͻͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳ ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ – ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹ͭ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ ͻͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ
ͼͪͷ͹;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ
410

̸̸̸͉̺͇̈́̾̓͊͆̽̓͊͋́ͣ1
̸̺͉̺͇̈́̽́́̓͊͋́ͣͅí
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β.ͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;
̸̸̸̸̸͇̻͇̺̻͇̹͌̈́̾̈́́͋͌͌͊̈́́̈́̈́́̀ͅ͏́̾́͠
̺͇͇͉͊̾͋͊̓̾̾̓͆͊̓̾̓́̀̾ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̸;ͽ͹ͻͳͼͰͫͪͬͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹΃Ε; ͺͪͼͪͷͳͷ
ͽͳͷͳ͸Ͱͼ;ͭͶͪͼͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͪͺͻͪͽͰ͆͹ͬͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ΕͳͰͶͳͽͪ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫ;;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵͹ͻͰͼ
ͺ͹͸ͯͳͻͪͼΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͹ͼͶ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͷ͸ͪ͋;͵ͳͯͳͯ͹ͬ;ͷͪ͵ͼͳͷ;tͪ͠͵ͳͻͪͯͰ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͭ; ͪ
ͼͶͪͫͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;i̸;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͻͪͭͪΒ;Ͳͪ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͷͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰͽͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͼͬͪ͵ͰͬͻͼͽͰ́Ͳͽ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹
ͼͪͯͰ͹ͽͲͬ͸͹ͬͰͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͼͰͲͪͶͪͱͰͲͪ;ͽͪͺͪΔͰ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͆ͪͽ͹Βͷͪͽͻͳ΁ͳ
ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ ͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹͸ͳ΀ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͯ ͸ͪͶͰͽ͹ͷ ͹ͫͰͼͷͳ΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͸Ͱ
ͷͳͻͰͼͪͽͪ͵ͬͳͷͼͽͪΔͰͷͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰͳ͸ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̸;ͽ͹ͻͳ
ͽ;ͬͻͼͽ;Ϳͳ͵ͼͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪ΃΂ͶͪΔ;Β;ͳͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;ͬͰͲ;ͼ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹΃Ε;ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͰͫͳͼͷͰͶͪͯͪ
ͫ;ͯͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͲͫ͹ͭͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͪͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͇͸ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ
ͯͪͼͰ;͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪͳͲͷͪ͵͸Ͱ͹ͯͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͲͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͪͲͪͽͳͻͪΔͰͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̸ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͻͪͱͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ
́ͷͪͶͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͰͶͳͽͰ ͌͵ͪͲ;Β;ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͻͪͼ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͳͲͷͰΌ;͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͳ
ͼͬͰͬͰΕ;ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵;ͬͻͼͽ;͸Ͱ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͺ;͸͵ͽͪ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;́ͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;ͯͪͶͳͳͷͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰͳͲͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͪ͵ͼ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͪ ͯͪͶͳΒͰͼͺͻͰͭͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͪ
΃ͳͻͰΔ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͶͳ;΂ͬͻ΃ΕͳͬͪΔ;ͺͻͰͷ͹Εͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͯͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪͶͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Β ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Β Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β ͵ͻͳͲͳ ̸;ͽ͹ͻͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ΒͰ
͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁;ͲͯͳͱͰͳͲ͸ͪͯͺͪͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪΔͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰͳͪ͸ͭͪͱ;ΒͰ
͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲͳ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΒ;͵ͻͰͯͳͫͳͶͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵
ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͳͼͽͳ͸͹ͷ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͰͶͳͽͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̺͇͌̽
́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͪͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹̺ͭͳͶͿͻͰͯ͹͈ͪͻͰͽ͹ΒͰΒ͹΃ͯͪͬ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͯͪ͹ͯͰͿͳ
͸ͳ΁ͳΒ;ͰͶͳͽͰ͵͹Β;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;͵ͪ͹͹ͺ΃ͽ;͋ͪ͵͹͹͸͵ͪͱͰͯͪΒͰͰͶͳͽͪt͵Ͷͪͼͪ͹͸ͳ΀
1
aleksandar.kostic@pr.ac.rs
í vladimir.kostic@pr.ac.rs
411
͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ;ͼͺͰ΀ ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͭͻͪ͸ͳͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳi 1BSFUP ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻΒͰ
ͯͪΓͰͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ͹ͰͶͳͽ;͸ͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ΂͵;ͳ͹͸;t͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪi 1BSFUP ͼͽͻ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ
ͺͻͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ; ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸Ͱ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ ͹ ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ
͹ͼͶͪΔͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͳͲͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͰͶͳͽ;ͽͪͶͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳ
ͳͷͪΒ;͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;Β;ͷ͹Ε
͊ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵͹ͷ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ ͽ;ͻͫ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ΒͰ ͯ͹ ͸͹ͬͰ
ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͰ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͯ͹ t͹ͺͪͯͪΔͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͰͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͳͷͰͽͰ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͭ;ͼͺ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͶͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͷ͹Εͳ
ΔͰ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ;͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi ͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹ͷͰͭͪͰ
Ͷͳͽͳ ͵͹Β;΂ͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ͢;͹ͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͳ
ͽͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;ͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͷͪ͵;ͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰ̾ͶͳͽͰͳͲͻͪͼͶͰ͸ͪͽ͹Βͷͪͽͻͳ΁ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ;;ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͼͰͶͳͽ͹ͷ͵͹Βͪ͸ͳΒͰͻͪͬ͸͹ͯ;΃͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͪͶͰͽ͹ͷ
͹ͫͰͼͷͳ΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΒͰͻ ͹͸Ͱ ͬͳͯͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰ͵͹ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͪ͵ͼ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ Ͳͪ ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͫͻͳͼͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͳ ͸ͰͫͳͼͷͰͶͪͯͪ ͫ;ͯͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͲͫ͹ͭ
ͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͪͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ
͊ͬͰͽͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͼͰ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ ͺͻ͹
ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ Ͳͪ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε ";ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͆͹ͪͷͪ͐͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͍ͪͻͳͯͪ̀ͪ͵ͪͻͳΒͰ ͊ͰͻͭͰΒͪ̓ͪͻͪ-ͅ;ͻͲͰ ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻͪ
̽;ͭͳ͸ͪ ̀ͳͭͷ;͸ͽ̹ͪͪ;ͷͪ͸ͪ ̾ͻͳ͵͉ͪͰΒ͸Ͱͻͽͪ ͦ͹ͲͰͿͪ͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͠͹͸ͪ̾ͶͼͽͰͻͪ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰ
ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ͆ͪͽͻͪͭ;͋;͵ͳͯͳͯ͹ͬͰͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͰtͪ͠͵ͳͻͪͯͰ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͭ; ͪͼͶͪͫͳͽͻͺͰ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͻͪ
Β;i ͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;͹ͺͽͳ΁ͪΒ;͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͪͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪ͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͸ͪ
ͼͽͻͪͯͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ́ͻͪ͵ͪ ̈́ͳͫͳΒͰ ͊ͳͻͳΒͰ ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͰͶͳͽͪͼͪͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ
͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ ͉ͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃; ͵ͪ͹ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͪ
ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪͰͶͳͽͪͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰͽͼ͵ͳͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ΃ͽ͹ͼͬͰͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͪͺͼ;ͻͯͪ͏ͳΓ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ
;͵ͪͱͰͷ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯ͹ͬͰͶͳͯ͹ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪ ͻͪ΃΂Ͷͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΔͪͳ
;͵ͪͱͰͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵; ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ; ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͫͳͽ͸; Ͳͪ ͫ͹ΓͰ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͽͰ͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͯ͹ͬͰ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
͵ͻͳͲͰ͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͯͪͼ;ͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ͵ͻͳͲͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ
͸ͪ;̸͊̽͏ͳΓ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͳͯͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͷ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͺͻͰͷͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Β
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β͵ͻͳͲͳ̹ͪͬͳͷ͹ͼͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷͰͶͳͽ͹ͷ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͰͳͲ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪͼͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͬͻͼͽͪ͵͹͸
ͽͻͪͺ;͸͵ͽͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;͆ͪ΃ΒͰͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͷ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪΒͰͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹

̸͇͉͇͇͇͉͇͇̹̓͆͊͋͌̓͋͆̾ͣ́̾̈́́͋͌̽̾͆̽͌ͅͅͅ
͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͰͶͳͽͪͼͶͪͱ;ͼͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ– ͯͪ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸
ͼͽͪ͸ͽͰͯͪͼͰͰͶͳͽͰͼͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͰͺ͹΀͹ͷͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;;͸͹ͬ͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;͋͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪ͹͸ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΒ;
412
͇̓͊͋́ͣ ͇̓͊͋́ͣ͌Ͷ͹ͭͪͰͶͳͽͪ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ
;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͺ͹Βͷͪ tͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳi ͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͹ͺͻͰͲ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͼ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷͰͶͳͽͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͯͪͼͰtͲͪ͵͹͸iͼͪͷͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͇ͽ;ͯͪͳtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰi
͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹-ͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͰ ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͪ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͪ ͆ͪͼ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ΒͰ ͼͷͳͼͪ͹
ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͹ͭͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΔͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͰͯͪt͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͱΔ;͵ͪ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͳ͌ͼͬͪ͵͹Β͹ͻͭͪ
͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͫͳͶ͹ͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳ Ͳͪ͸ͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔ;ͳͽͯ ͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽ
ͼͰͬͻͶ͹͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ<>͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͺ͹ͯͰͶ;ͼͬͪ͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͸ͪ ͷͪΔͳ͸; ͵͹Βͪ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͳ ͬͰΕͳ͸; ͵͹Β͹ͷ ͼͰ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳi .JDIFMT
ͼͽͻ
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Β͹΃ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯͯͬͪͬͰ͵ͪͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͼͶͳͶͪ΁ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻ
̾ͯͷ;͸̹ͯͰͻ͵͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹ͯͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͷͳͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͷ͹ͱͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͽͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪͰͶͳͽͪ
͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸͹ͬ͹ ΒͰͻͼͰΒ͹΃͹͈ͯͶͪͽ͹͸ͪͳ̸ͻͳͼͽ͹ͽͰͶͪ ͺͪͼͬͰͯ͹͎ͪ͸Ͱ̸ͻͰ͸ͽ ͯ͹Ͷͪ
ͲͳͶ͹ͯ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͯͪͻ͹ͬͳͽͲͪͺͰͬͪΔͰͳͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͽͪͶͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͯͪ
͹ͫͪͬΓͪ͸Ͱ͵;Βͪͬ͸;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;ͳͯͪͼͶ;ͱͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ; ͏ͬͰͽͳΕͪ͸ͳ͸ ͼͽͻ
͋͹ΒͰ͸ͪ
ͽͻͪͭ;ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͰͶͳͽͰ ͼͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷtͷͪΔͳ͸ͰiͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ͸ͳΒͰ;ͬͰ͵Βͪͼ͸͹
͵͹΂ͳ͸ͳt͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸;ͰͶͳͽ;i
͆ͪͳͷͰ Β͹΃ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͇̾͏̽ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ͹ ͯͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ
ͱͳͬͳ;ͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͷͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ;ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͲͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͳͼͽͰͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͪͱͳͬͳ;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹Β͹Β
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͺͻͳͷͰͻ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀̽ͻͱͪͬͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͬͰΕͳ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͳͰͶͳͽͰ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ
̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪ
ͽͳΒͰͼ;ͼͬͰͽ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪͶͳͼ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͬͶͪͯͪ;͸Ͱ͹ͫ;Ͳͯͪ͸͹Β͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͳ ͼͪ ͹ͼͶͪͫΓͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ͹ͷ ; ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔ; ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ ̓ͻͪ;΂ ͼͽͻ

͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ t͸Ͱ͹ͫ;Ͳͯͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪi ͳ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͼͬͰ ͼ;
ͬͳ΃ͰͼͷͪΔͳͬͪͶͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ ͪͰͶͳͽͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ;Ͳ΂ͪͼ͸ͰͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͵Ͱ ͫͳͶͰ;
ͼͶ;ͱͫͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰ̸ͭͪͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ͋͹;ͼͽͬͪͻͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͪ
͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͪͼͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͰͺ͹΀Ͱͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͳͷͪ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;ͳ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͳͯͪ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͬͶͪͯͪΒ; ͸ͳͽͳ͹ͺͶͰͷͰΔ;ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ;΃͸͹ͼͽͳͺͶ͹ͯΒͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ͋͹
ΒͰ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͹͸ͳͷ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͹̻ͪͰͽͪ͸͹ͅ͹ͼ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ͯͪΒͰ
ͻ;ͼ͵ͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪͳͲͫͳͶͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ ͳͷ͹ͱͯͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ
ͼͰΓͪ͵ͪͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͳͯͪͬͰͻ;Β;͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ΁ͪͻ;ͼͪͷ̹͹ͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͪ;ͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͬͶͪͯͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ
͉;ͼͳΒ͹ͷ .PTDB ͼͽͻ–
̽ͪ͸ͪͼΒͰͽͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͯͲͳͬͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͌͹ͼ
ͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪͽͳͼ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͺͻͰͷͪ΁ͪͻ; ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸͹Ͷͳ΂ͰΔͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͳ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ
ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ;ͻͰ ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪͽͪ΂͸͹ ΒͰͻͼ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ
ͫͰͲ ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ;͹ͫͲͳͻͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͹͸ͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ
͏ͻ͵ͬͰͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΓͰ
̿ͳͬͳͷ͹;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ΕͰͻͰΕͳ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ;͎͹ͻ͵΀ͪΒͷͰͻ͹
ͬ͹ͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;͇͸ΒͰͺͳ΃;Εͳ͹͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ ͳͼͶͰͯͰΕͰt̺͹ͲͳͶ͹ΒͰͲͫͪ΁ͳͶ͹ͬ͹Ͳͪ΂ͪ ͹͸
Β;ͻͳͼͶͰͺ͹;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͋Ͱͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ͹ͯͻͱͪΔͰ ͼͰͫͰ ͷͪͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͪͯͪͼͰ
͹ͯͻͱͳ<>̓ͪͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁;͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͫͳΕ; ͷͳ͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ-
ͬͻͰͷͰͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͰͬͻͼͽͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ ;Ͳͽ͹ ͳ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͼͬͰͼͽ͹ΔͰͭ͹
ͬ͹ΒͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹Βͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͭΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͫͳΕͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭ
413
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪi )PSLIBKNFS ͼͽͻ
͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͰͶͳͽͰͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹
ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳͬͻͰͷͰ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰ͹͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ͷͰͼͽ͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ;ΔͰͷ;ͳͺ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ
΂͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ͌͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͎͹ͻ͵΀ͪΒͷͰͻͯͪΓͰͺͳ΃Ͱt͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͫ͹Ͷ͸;ͱͻͽͬ;
ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͭͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬͪͻͪͯͳͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͻͱͪΔͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ
Δͪ̓ͪͯͪͼ;ͺ;ͽͰͬͳͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͳͷͪͷͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͫ;ͯͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͰ͵͸ͰͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸ͳ΀
Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͪͬͪ<>̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͵ͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ;ΒͰͬͶͪ΃Ε;͸ͪͯͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪ
͑ͽ͹ΒͰͭ͹ͯ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪͬͰΕͪͫͻͳͭͪ͹͵͹ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪͯͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪ ͽ͹ΕͰͬͳ΃ͰͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͶͪͯͪͽͳ
ΔͳͷͰ ͽ͹ΕͰͷ;ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͽͳͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͯ;΀ΕͰͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪͽͳ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ;ͷͪi )PSLIBKNFS ͼͽͻ–

͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͰͶͳͽͪͫͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͯͪͺ͹ͯͳͭ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͭͶͪͼͳ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͳΓͰͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂
͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽ͈ͬͪͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ;ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪͷͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͭ;ͫͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯͪ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱ;
ͺ͹ͽͻͪͭ;ͲͪͼͷͳͼͶ͹ͷ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͹͸ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲͪ͸͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͶͰͱͳ ; ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰͷ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
t̸͵͹ΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸;ͼͰͫͰ;ͼͬ͹ΒΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͼͬͰͽ<>͹͸ͯͪΒͰ͹͸͹ͼ;ΌͰ͸͸ͪͰͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͪͷ ͸ͪͫͰͲͳ
ͲͶͪͲͳ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͪ͸ΒͰͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵;ͳͺ;͸;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͼͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪ͌Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ
;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸;ͼͬ͹Β΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽ ͹͸ͼͰ͹ͽ;Ό;ΒͰ͹ͯͼͰͫͰͼͪͷ͹ͭͪͳ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀i ̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵ͪͬͻͪͲͬ͹Βͼͽͬͪͻͳͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ;ΒͰͻͪΌͪΔ;ͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;tͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳ
ͽͳ ; ͼ΀ͳͲ͹ͿͻͰ͸ͳ΂ͪ͸ ͼͽͻͪ΀ ; ΁ͳΓ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ; ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ
ͼͬͰ΃Ε;– ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͬͻ΀Ͱi ̓ͪͻͪ-ͅ;ͻͲͪ ͼͽͻ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ
͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽ Γ;ͯͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ ͼͽͻͪ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ ͵ͪ͹ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͳͷ ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ ͳͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͹͸ͪ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ;ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪ ͼͪ ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͰͶͳͽ͹ͷ ͪͅ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼͬͰ΃Ε;ΒͰͺ͹Βͪͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳͽͪ͸ͲͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪtͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽͳ΂Ͱͼͬͳ΀ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͲͪͷͰΔ;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳ
ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͶͳ΂͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͳͰ͵ͼͺͰͻͪͽͪ̓͹ͯͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͺͻͳͶͪͲͪͼͪͼͬͳͷ͸ͰͼͽͪΒ;ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ; ́Ͷͳ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͲͰͷΓ; Δͳ΀
ͲͪͷͰΔ;Β; ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ; ͳ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ
ͲͰͷΓ; i ̓ͪͻͪ-ͅ;ͻͲͪ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ͹ͷͬͻͼͽ͹ͷͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͫͰͭ͸;ͽͪΒͰ͸ͪ;΂͸ͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹ͼͽ ͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͸ͳͻͰ΂ͳ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͷ͹ΕͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͭ͹Ͷ;
ͼͳͶ; ͪͼͬͳ͵͹Βͳ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶ; ͹ͯ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͷ͹ͫͳͼͽͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͼͬͰͼ͸͹;΂Ͱͼ
ͽͬ;Β;;ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͽ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
ͻͪͲ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ ͵ͪ͹ ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͅ͹ͱͯͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͫͳͶͪ ͲͰͷΓͪ ΃ͳͻ͹͵ͳ΀
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͶͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹͈ͻͳ΂Ͱ͹ͺ;ͽ;͹ͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΀ͪͯ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͰͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪͺͻͰͬͪͻͪ ͪͶͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ͹ͯͪΒͰͼ; ͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁
ͼͽͻ
̾ͭͲͪ͵ͽ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳͼ;͸Ͱ;ͷ͹Γͳͬͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ tͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ
ͪͶͳ ;ͲͶͪͲ͸͹ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬͳ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͵;ͻͳ͹ͲͳͽͰͽ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ̹ͪͻ;͵ͳ͸ͭͼ ͼͪͷ͹̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͻ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͸ͪΒ͸ͳͱ͹Β ͺͰͽͳ͸ͳͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ;ͼͺͰͬͪͯͪ
ͳͲͪΌͰͳͲͽͰ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͳͼͪͷ͹ͻ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͯ͹Δ͹ΒͺͰͽͳ͸ͳͶͰͼͽͬͳ΁Ͱͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͬͻ΀ͪ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ;̸͊̽ͷͪΔͪΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹Β͊͵ͪ͸ͯͳ͸ͪͬͳΒͳi ͊ͽͳ
ͭͶͳ΁ ͼͽͻ

414
͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͺͳ͸͹ͬͪΔͰͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͪ͵͹ͼͰͳͷͪ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪtͼͷ͹͸ͪͬͳ͵͸;
ͽͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͬͪ͵ͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͷͰͻͳͷ͹ͺ͹͸ͳͽͳͬ͹ͯͳΓͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͭͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼͶͰͯͳͷ͹ͺ͹
ͽ͹Β ͸ͳͽͳ ͬ͹ͯͳΓͳi ͎ͪΒͯͰͭͰͻ ͼͽͻ
͇΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ ͹ͯ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͼ; ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
ͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͰͻͰͪͶ͸ͪ͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪΒͰͯͪΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ;͵͹ΒͰͷt;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪͳͼͶͪͽ͵ͳ΀
ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ Ͱͬ͹΁ͳͻͪ ͫͰͼͪ͸Ͱ ͸͹Εͳ ͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͸͹Ε͸ͳͷ ͷ͹ͻͪͷͪ ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ – ͺͻ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪΔͪ
ͬ͹Ͳͪ ͳͼͺͪͯͪΔͪͳͲͬ͹ͲͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪ ͽ͹ͯͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼͽͰ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵ͪ ͯͪͼ;ͬͪͼͽͪ͵͹͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ
Ͷͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͫͻͱͰ;΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ;͵͹΃ͽͪ΁ͼͪͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪi ̹ͪ;ͷͪ͸ ͼͽͻ

ͅ͹ΕͰͶͳͽͰ͹ͺͪͯͪͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸ͪt;Ͷͽͻͪͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸ͪ ͳ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͬͰΕ ͽͪ͵͹
ΌͰ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ΂Ͱͳͬͻ΃ͳ ;͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ͷ͵ͻͰͽͪΔ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ-͸ͪͲͪͯ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͼͳͶͰ
ͽͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͪͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͷͪi ͍ͶͳͬͫΒͰͻͭ ͼͽͻ
ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͳͷ͹Ε͹ͼ΁ͳͶͳͻͪ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͽͪͷͰ͸͹ΒͰͲͭͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ͹͸ͪ͹ͼͳͺͪͳͺͻͳ͵ͶͪΔͪ
͵͹͸Β;͸͵ͽ;ͻͳ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ΂ͰͼͽͼͶ;΂ͪΒ
̻̾̈́́͋̾́̾̀́͊͋̾͆͏̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͎́̈́͆̓́̀̈́́̀̾͠͡ͅͅ
̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪͼͬͰͽͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪΒͰͯͪͼͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼ
ͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹͹ͯͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱͳͼͬͪ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰ͵ͻͳͲͰ͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪͰͶͳͽͪ
;̸ͷͰͻͳ΁ͳͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪΒͪͼ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͳ
ͽ͹ͳͲͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶ͹͇ͭͪ͸ͪΒͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹͹ͼͶ͹ΔͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹
ͬͳ΃;Εͳ ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͪ͵ͼ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹
ͼͬͰͽͪ͋͹ͬͪͱͳͳͲͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳͼͬͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰ;ͺͳͽ͸͹ͯͪͶͳΒͰ
ͫ͹ΓͰͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͺ͹ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͪ͵ͼ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͶ; ͳͶͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͭ͹ͯ
ͽ͹ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳ ͼͬ͹Β; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͹ͯ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͶͰͽͪ ͪ ͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͳͷͪͽͳ ͰͶͳͽ; ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͪ ͳ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪ ͯͪ ͸ͪΌͰ ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͪ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ̀ͪͽ͹ ͼͰ ͼ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ́ͷͪ Ͷͳ ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳͰͶͳͽͰ
͌Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͰͶͳͽͪ;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͋͹ͼ;Γ;ͯͳ;ͬͻ΀;ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ͵Γ;
΂͸ͳͷ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͳͷͪ ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͳͽͯ ͋ͪ͵ͬͪ ͰͶͳͽͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ; ͸ͪΒͷͪΔ; ͻ;͵;
ͯͳͼ͵;ͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͪ ΒͰͻͼͰΔͰ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ;ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β͵ͻͳͲͳͬͰΕͳ͸ͰͷͪͶͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ͸ͰͼͶͪ
ͬ͸͹ͷ͇͸ͪͼͰͼͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺ;͵;ͽͻͪ͸ͼͷͳͼͳΒ;͸ͪͶ͹ͭͪ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽͳͬͪt΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͰi ΃ͽ͹ΕͰͻͰΕͳ̾͌ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
͸͹ ̸͊̽ ̺ͰΕ ͼͪͷ ͬ͹͵ͪͫ;Ͷͪͻ ; ͵͹ͷͰ ͼ; ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱ ͻͰ΂ͳ tͯͳͻͰ͵ͽͳͬͪi t͵͹ͷͰͼͪͻi t΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪi ͳ ͼͶ
͵͹ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͳͻͪͼͫ͹Γ΃Ͱͬͳ΂͵͹ͷͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹ͷ͇ͬͳͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͳ͹͸ͯͪͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͼ;;ͼͶ;ͱͫͳ
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ; ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͆ͪ ͽ͹Βͷͪͽͻͳ΁ͳͳ ͹͸ͯͪͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͼͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͶͪ
ͰͶͳͽͪΒͰͯ͸͹;ͷΓͪ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͫͰͼͺ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͯͰͶ͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͸ͪͶ͹ͱͳ͇͸ͪ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͸ͰͻͰͪͶ͸ͪ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪͲͪͻͪͯͭͶͪͼ͹ͬͪ ͋ͪ͵ͪͬ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪ
͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ̀ͪͽ͹tͽͰ͵ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪͰͶͳͽͪ– ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ΔͰ͸΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͯͰ͹– ͷ͹ͱͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ
ͽ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͳͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳͳͽͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ;ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͼͬͻ΀ͪͳ;ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ
ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪi ̈́͹ͷͺͪͻ ͼͽͻ
͋ͪΒͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪ͹ͫͪͬͳͰͶͳͽͪ͵͹Βͪ
ͼͺͪͯͪ;͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͪͷͪͳ͵͹ΒͰ͵ͻͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
ͳͼͪͲ͸ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽ͇͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͫͻͳ͸;͹ͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;ͼͬ͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͪͶͳͳͼͬͰͽ;͵͹ͷͰͱͳͬͰ ΒͰͻ

ͼͪͷ͹ͽͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͯ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΕͰͼͬ͹Β;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͳͲͬͰͼͽͳ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͺ;ͽ͋͹;
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼ;ͽ͹΀ͻͪͫͻͳΓ;ͯͳ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳͯͪͼͰͱͻͽͬ;Β;͸ͰͽͻͪͱͰΕͳͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͪͳ
͸ͪͭͻͪͯͰ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͻͪͼ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͬͪ͵͹ ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰͳ͹͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵͹Βͪ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ̓ͪͯͪ ͼ; ͷͪͶͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ ; ͺͳͽͪΔ; Ϳͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͼ; Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ΒͰͻ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͋͹ͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͳͷͼͰͭ
ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽ;ͻͳͳͽͯ̀ͪͽ͹ΕͰ͸ͪͷ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͺ͹ͼ
Ͷ;ͱͳͽͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͷͳͼͶͳ͹΁͍ͪͪͻͳͯͪ̀ͪ͵ͪͻͳΒͰt͌ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͼΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ
ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳͷͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁Ͱͷ ͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹ͼͪͷͻͪͲ͹΂ͪͻͪΔͰͲͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͶͪͯͪ͸̹ͪͶͳ
ͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͽ͹͵;ͯͪͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲ;Β;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͽ͹;ͻͪͯͳͶͳ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͪ
ͲͳΒ΁ͳ͈͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒͽͰ͊ͳ͸ͭͪͺ;ͻ ͎͹͸ͭ̓͹͸ͭͳ͊Ͱ;Ͷ ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͷ;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸ͪͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪ͐͹ͬͰ͵– ͺͻͳΒͪͽ͸ͳ ΃ͪͻͷͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻ– ;ͼͺͻͪͬͳ͹
ͼͰͳ͹΃ͽͻ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹̀ͪͳͼͽͪͳ΀ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒͽͰ͇͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͳͷͳͽͳͻͪͶͳ̀ͪͺͪͯ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͳͭͻͪ
ͯ͹ͬͳͼ;ΒͰͿͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͺͳΒͰ͎Β;ͼͽ͹͸ͪͳ̽ͪͶͪͼͪ͋͹ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ;ͻͰͯ;Ͳͪͻͳͫͪͻͼ͵ͪͼͰͶͪ ͪͶͳͷͳͼͷ͹
͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͆Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͽͳΔͼ͵Ͱ ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ
̀ͪͺͪͯͪi ̀ͪ͵ͪͻͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ

͇ͬͪΒͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͲͪͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͼͬͪ
͵; ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͇ͽ;ͯͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ ͷ͸͹ͭͰ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͫͳ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͷ͹ͻͪͶͰ ͯͪ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;
͆ͪͳͷͰ ;ͬͻͰͷͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͷ͸͹ͭͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͬͳͯΓͳͬͳΒͰ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ
ͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ̀ͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͰͶͳͽͰͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ͸΁ͳΓͫͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰt͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͼͽ͹
ͭͶͪͬͰ΀ͳͯͻͰͺͪͻͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳͫͻͪ͵ͪͳͲͻͪ΂;͸ͪͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͪ ͽͪΒ͵;͸ͪͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͪͭ
͸ͪͽͪ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ ͹΂;ͬͪΔ; ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰi ͊ͽ͹ΒͳΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽ͪ͸ͪ΃Δͪ
ͰͶͳͽͪ͸Ͱͭ;ΒͰͼ͸͹ͫ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ͰͶͳͽͳͲͪͷ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ͹ͼͽͪ
Ͷͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͪͼͪͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͶͪ͵ͰΒͼ͵;ͼͰͻͬͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͰͷ;΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͼͺ͹Γͪ
͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͳͲ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪͶͪͰͶͳͽͪ͵͹Βͪ;ͱͳͬͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͼͳ͸Ͱ͵;ͻͰ͊
ͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͬͪ͵ͳͼͬ͹Β͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀ͰͶͳͽͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ
ͺͻͪͬͯͪͶͪΒͰͽ͹ͷ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁͹ͷ͇͸ͪΒͰ ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͫͰͪͫ͹ͶͳͻͪͶͪ͹ͯ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̾ͶͳͽͰͼ;ͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͪ͸ͺͻͪͬͰ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷ͇ͪ͸ͰͼͰͫͰͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͰ͹ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͳ ͸Ͱ ͬͰͲ;Β; ͼͬ͹Β; ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸; Ͳͪ ͼͬ͹Β ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͬͰΕ Ͳͪ ͺͻͰͼͽͳͱ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒͳ
͈͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͼͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͰͲͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͲͰͷΓͰͳ΁Ͱ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼ
Ͷ;΃͸ͳ͵Ͱͺ͹͸;ͯͳͽͳͷͰͭͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ;t͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͪͯͰͶ;ΒͰͻͪͼͽͪ͵ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪͳ
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ;ͫͰͲͶͳ΂͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͳͲ͢;Β͹ͻ͵ͪ ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪͳͶͳ
̹ͻͳͼͰͶͪ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͽ͹ͶͰͺ͹͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪͅͳ΃ͰͶ͐͹ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͰͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΒ;;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͠Ͱͻ ͯ͹͵ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͷͪͬͶͪͯ; ͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸; ͫ;ΘͰͽ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͳͶͳ΁ͪͻͳ͸; ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ
ͳͷͪͭ;ͬͰͻ͸Ͱͻͪ ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ̸ͪ͊̽ ͪ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳͳͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵͍ͪͅͅ
ͳ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰ͸ͪΒͰ
ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪi ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͭͻͪͯͳ
ͼͰ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͵͹Β͹ͷ ͼͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͺͻͰͯͪΒ; ; ͻ;͵Ͱ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͆ͪͳͷͰ tͼͬͰ ΒͰ
ͷͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪͳͫ͹Ͷ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ
͸Ͱͷͪ΁ͪͻͳ͸ͪ ͪ
΃͹͵ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ͵ͪͷͪͽͪͷͪ;ͺͻ͹ͺͪ΃Ε;Β;ͼͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͳͺ͹Γ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰ͈ͯͪ͹΃ͽ͹
416
͍ͅͅͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ͸ͪ͹ͬͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͬ
ͻͰͯͰ ͳ͹ͯͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͽͪ͵ͷͳ΂ͰΔͪ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͱ;́Ͳͭ;ͫͳͶͳͼͽͰ;ͽͪ
͵ͷͳ΁; ͺ͹ͷͳͻͳͽͰͼͰͼͽͳͷ ͷͳͼͷ͹ͼͪͯͪ͹ͬͯͰͭͪͲͯͰi ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌Ͷ͹ͭͪͰͶͳͽͪ;͹ͯͫͻͪ
͸ͳ͹ͯͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪͼͽͬͪͻͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͫͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰͬͰΕͪ ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͳ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;Εͪ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͼͪ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶ;
̸̸̸̸̸̸̺͉͇͈͈͇̺͇͇͉̾͊̓̈́́͋́͐̓̾̈́́͋́͊̾͋͊̓̾̓͆͊̓̓́̀ͅ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪΒͰͽͰ͵ͼͪͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪΔͰ͸ͳ΀
ͰͶͳͽͪͭͶ͹ͷͪͲ͸ͪͳ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͳͯͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͶ͹ͯͪΓͰ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ
͸͹ΔͰ͸͹΂ͬͻ΃ΕͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͼͪΔͰ #FTU ͼͽͻ–
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰͼ;ͺͻͰͯ
Ͷ͹ͱͳͶͰ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽͰ ͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͪ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ;Ͳ ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸; ͯͪ ͹͸Ͱ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭ; ͸Ͱ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂;Β;

;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͯͪ ͷͰΌ;ͬͶͪͯͳ͸͸ͳͬ͹

ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳ
ΒͰ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ͸ͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ

ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͷ;Ͷ
ͽͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶͪ͸ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ

ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͯͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͺͻͳ
ͼͽ;ͺ
ͅͰͻͰ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͫ;ΘͰͽͳͶͳ͸ͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͵͹Β;ͯͪΒͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ
ͼ͵ͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪ EFiVSF ͯP͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͰͳͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͳ
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰͯ;ͱ͸Ͱͯͪͯ͹͸Ͱͼ;͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͳͳͳ͸ͼͽͳ
ͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ; ͹ͼͶ͹͸ͳͽͳ;ͫ͹ͻͫͳͼͪ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷͳΔͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ -FOHZFM+BIS
ͼͽͻ –
͊ͬͰͯ͹ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͰͶͳͽͰͷͪͶͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽͪͲͪ ;ͶͪͲͪ͵ ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;
;͸ͳΒ;ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͰͼ;ͯͪͼͪͷ;ͶͪͲͪ͵Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͳͲͫͪͬΓͰΔͰͳͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͲͪͼͬͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ̀ͪͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ̸ͻͽ;ͻ͑͹ͺͰ͸΀ͪ;ͰͻΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ;͵ͻͳͶͪͽͳ΁;t̽ͰͶͳͻͳΒ;ͷͳͼ͵ͻͳ
ͬΓ;ΒͰ͹ͺͪͱͪΔͰ ͪͶ;ͯͳͶ͹ͷͳͼͶͳi ͑͹ͺͰ͸΀ͪ;Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
́͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͰ͹ͯͯͪͬ
͸ͳ͸ͪͳͲͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹ΒͷͪͶͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͰͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ ͪͲͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͰ̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰ͹ͯͰͶͳ
ͽͪ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰͷ;ͯͻ͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͵͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͲͰͷΓͰ͸ͰͫͳͼͶ;ͱͳͶͰ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͳΒͰͿͽͳ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ
Ͳͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͰͳͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ
͌ͽͻͪͭͪΔ;ͲͪͳͲͶͪͼ͵͹ͷͳͲͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;΂Ͱͼ
ͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͰ ͼ;ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͌ͼͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͶͪ ͼ; ͼͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͯͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͉ͪͲͶ͹ͲͳͲͪͽ͹ͼ;ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͽͪ
ͽ;ͼ;ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ͹ͯͽͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͪΔ;ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫ
͉Ͱͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͳͲ; ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ ΒͰ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ Ͳͪ
ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ; ͽͻͪͱͰΔ; ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼͪ ̓;ͻͼ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͪ͸ͽͳ͵ͻͳͲ͸͹ͭ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ ͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ΒͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͲͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͪ
ͷͪ ͋Ͱ ͸͹ͬͰ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͶͰ ͼ; ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ; ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳͷͪ ;ͭͻͪΌͳͬͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ;
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ͸ͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ
͋͹͵͹ͷͺͻͬͳ΀ͺͰͽ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰͼ;ͼͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪͶͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ
ΔͰ͸;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;́ͺͪ͵ ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹Β̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͺ;ͽͰͬͳͳͲͶͪͼ͵ͪ
ͳͲ͵ͻͳͲͰͽͻͪͱͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͳͼ͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͰͼ͵Ͱͺͼ;ͺͻͰͷͪ
417
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ Ͱͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͰͰͶͳͽͰͼ;͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͽ͹
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͰ͆ͪΒͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͳΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͳ̹ͻͰͭͲͳͽͪ ͯ͹͵ͼ;͐Ͱ΃͵ͪͳͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵ͪ
͸Ͱͻͪͯ͹;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͰ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹Βͫ͹ͻͫͳͲͪͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͰ͵ͻͳͲͰt͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͳͷͺ;Ͷͼͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͳͲ; ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͰͶͳͽͪ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͬͰΕΔͳ΀͹ͬͼͽͻͪ΀4VOJSPVQFSJS –͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰͳͶͳͼͷͻͽ– ͋ͪ͵ͬͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͯͰͬͳͲͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ ͳ ͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͰͶͳͽͪ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͳͲ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱi
̹Ͱͼͽ ͼͽͻ
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͰͶͳͽͪΒͰͳͷͳͽͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͳͺͶͪͭͳΒͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪ
͇͸Ͱͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪ ͻͰͲͰͻͬͳ΃; ͼͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹Ͳͪ ͼͰͫͰ ͸Ͱ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ;Εͳͺͻͳ
ͽ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰͺͻͰͯͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ ͺ͹Βͪͬͳ͹;ͼͬͰͽ;͸͹ͬͳͽͳͺͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪ–
ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ͵ͪ ͈ͪ͸ͪͻͳ͸ ͼͽͻ

͉Ͱ͵Ͷͳͼͷ͹ͬͰΕͯͪΒͰͰͶͳͽͪͺ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͳͲͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͻͪͯͳͬͻ΃ͰΔͪ
ͬͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͽͪ ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼ –
ͬͶͪͼͽ ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͪͷͰͻ;ͯͪͼͰͻͪͼͽͪ͸Ͱ̺Ͷͪͼͽͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹΂ͳ͸ͰͰͶͳͽ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ͹͸͹Ͷͳͽ͸͹ͷ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͷͪΔͳ͸͹ͷ ͵͹Βͪͫ;ͯ͸͹΂;ͬͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͳ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽΓͳͬͪͲͪͯͻ;ͭͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱ
Γ;ͯͰ̀ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹͵ͪ͵ͬͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃ͰͰͶͳͽͰ– ͼͶ;ͱͰΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͳͶͳ
͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͬͶͪͼͽͳ – ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ; ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼ; ͽͰ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸Ͱ ͊ͬͰͯ͹΁ͳ ͼͷ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͰͶͳͽͰ ; ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; ͵ͪ͹ ͯͰ͹ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͲͪͶͪͱ; Ͳͪ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͹͸ͰͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͬͶͪ΃Ε; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭ;ͫͰͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͪͺͻͪͬͰͰͶͳͽͰ̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹
͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳ ͹ͯ ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͰͶͳͽͪ ; ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͪ ͯͪ ΕͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͽͳ ͺͻͪͬͪ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ΒͰ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪΒͪͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͪͳͻͰͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪΓ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͷͪΒ;
;ͽͳͶͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ ͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰͼ;ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͻͪͼ͵ͳͯͪ– ͸ͰͲͪͯͻͱͳͬͳͻͪͼͽ
ͫͰͲͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͭ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵;Ͷͽ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰ ͳ ͲͪͫͪͬͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͯͻͳͬͪΒ; ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹
͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ̓;Ͷͳ͸΂Ͱ͸͵͹̓;Ͷͳ͸΂Ͱ͸͵͹ ͼͽͻ

͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳͯͪΕͰͰͶͳͽͪͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳͺ;ͽͳͲͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͼ
͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΔ;ͺͻͪͽͰͻͪͼ͵͹ͶͳͳͯͰͭͻͪͯͪ΁ͳΒͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͰͶͳͽͪͼͰtͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͵͹͸͵;
ͻͰ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͼ;ͫͰͶͳͽ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͳͲͻͪͼͶͰͳͲ͸ͳͱͳ΀͵Ͷͪͼͪ
͑ͽ͹ΒͰͬͰΕͳͻͪͼͺͪͯͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͰͶͳͽ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͫͭͻ;ͺͪ ͽ͹ΒͰͬͰΕͰͺͻͰͭͻ;ͺͳͼͪͬͪΔͰͼ͸ͪͭͪ
;͸;ͽͪͻͰͶͳͽͰͳͫͻͱͰͽͰ΂ͰͯͰͭͻͪͯͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͶͪͫͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͰͶͳͽͰ ͺͪΒͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪ
ΔͰ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬͰͶͳͽͰͬͶͪͼͽͳi ͅ͹΀͹ͬ ͼͽͻ
̾ͶͳͽͰͼͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪ
ͼͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͷͰͼͽ͹ͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͼͬͪ͵Ͱ͹ͯΔͳ΀ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹;͸;ͽͪͻͰͶͳͽ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
ͭ;ͫͳͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ;ͰͶͳͽ;ͳͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͼͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͪͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓ;Β;
̸̸̸̸̸̸̺͇͇͉̻͇̹͇̺͇̺͊̾͋͊̓̾̈́́͋́̾̓͆͊̓̓́̀͌̈́̈́́̀͆͊̾͋͌ͅͅ
͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͼ ͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
͵ͻͳͲͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͰͶͳͽͪ͵͹Βͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪͻͪͼͽ;ΕͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͼ͵ͻͰ͸;Ͷͪ͸ͪͼͰͫͰͺͪͱΔ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪͅ͸ͿͻͰͯ̓ͶͪΒ͸Ͱ-̓ͪͻͽͶͪͭͰ ͺͳ΃;Εͳ
418
͹͵ͻͳͲͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷΒͰͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͹͵ͪ͹;ͽ͹ͺͳΒ;͵͹Βͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͵͹Βͪ
ΕͰ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͽͻͳ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͳͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔ;ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪ ΒͰͻΒͰͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ
ͪͺͼ;ͻͯͪ͸ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͺͻͰ ΔͰͭͪ ͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͲͪͷ ͇͸ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰ͹ ͯͪ ΕͰ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͺ͹ͫͰͯͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻ͸͹΂;ͯ͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ;ͻͪ͵͹ΒͪΕͰͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͺͻ͹
ͫͶͰͷͰͳͯͪΕͰͼͰͼͪͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ͯͻͱͪͽͳͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͹ͷͳͭ͹Ͷͳͷ͸ͪͼͳ
ΓͰͷ͇͸ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰ͹ͯͪΕͰ;ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͼͪͼͬͳͷ͹ͼͶͪͫͳͽͳͳͶͳͫͳͽͳ ͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸Ͱ ͇͸ͯͪΕͰ͸͹ͬͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ͽͪ͵͹ ͫͳͽͳ
;΂ͬͻ΃ΕͰ͸ ͯͪΕͰͭͪͼͽͻ͹͸ͪͲͫͪ΁ͳͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ̹ͪ͹ͭͪ ̓ͶͪΒ͸Ͱ-͎ͪͻͽͶͪͭͰ ͼͽͻ90).
͇ͬͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸͹Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹ͭͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳͪ͵͹ͺͰͼͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͳͷͪͼͷͳͼͶͪ͌͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒͷ͹
͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸͹ͫͰͶ͹ͬͪ΁ͦ͹ͲͰͿ͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁;ͼͬ͹ͷͯ͹ͷͰ͸;͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳͼͪ͹͍͹͸ͯͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͽͪͫͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒ; t́Ͳͯͬ͹ΒͳͶͳ ͼ; ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸; ͼͺͪͼͪͬͪΔ; ͫͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ ͳ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ;
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪͲͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ̸Ͷͳ͹͸ΒͰͫͳ͹Ϳ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪ͸͸ͪͼͪͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽͪ͵͵ͻͳͲͰ ͵ͪͯͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ
ͫͪ͸͵ͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͯͪͳͶͳͼͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ;͵ͳͯͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ͐ͪ͵ͳͲͪ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͵͹ΒͰͼ;;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͰͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ͳͷΒͰͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͽͰͽͫͳͬͪ ͼͺ͹ͻ͈͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͼ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪ
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ͵͹Βͪͫͳͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸ͳͷͼͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ΃͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪͯͪ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰͺ;͸;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼ
ͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰͻͪͼͽi ͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁ ͼͽͻ
͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ ͸ͪͳͷͰ ͹͍͹͸ͯ;͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͳ
ͷͰͻ;̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͪ͸̓ͻͳͲͪΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͽͻͪͭͪΔͪͲͪ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͉ͪͪͯͳͼͰ͹͵ͻͰͯͳͽͳͷͪͲͪͶͪͱΓͳͬ΁Ͱ ͳͲͰͶͰ͸ͪ΃͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͬͳͲͳΒͪͷͪ͸ͪ
͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͻͽͳ΁Ͱ ͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ ͬͪ͸ͫͰͻͲͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͯͰͻͳͬͪͽͳ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͷͪΔͰ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͶͳͼ;͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͰ͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪΒͰͯͪͼ;ͽͻͱͳ΃͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰͫͳͶͰͽͰ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;ͼͶ͹ͱͰ
͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͯͻͳͬͪΒ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁ ͼͽͻ

̸ͯͻͳΒͪ͸͊ͪͶͫ;΂ͳ ͪͻͭͰ͸ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪͶͪ΁ͭͶ͹ͫͪ-
ͶͳͲͷͪ ͯͪͫͳ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹͵Δͳͭ;͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͷ͹ΕͳͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͺͻ͹ͬͰ͹ΒͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ;ͼͰͯͪͷ
ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ;ͼͬͰͽ;͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹
ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͊ͪͬͰͽͲͪͼͺ͹Γ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ̻ͻ;ͺ̹ͪͳͶͯͰͻͫͰͻͭ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ̸̸͈́̓ 5IF"NFSJDBO*TSBFM1VCMJD"GGBJST$PNNJUUFF
͋ͻͳͶͪͽͰ
ͻͪͶ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪ ͳͽͯ ͇͸Ͱ ͳͪ͵͹ ͳͷͪΒ; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͪͯͻͰͼͰ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ͯͪ ͼ; ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ
͸ͳͼ;;͹ͫͪͬͰͲͳͯͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͫͪͬͰ͈͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͼͰͯͪ͹͸ͰͻͪͯͰͲͪͻͪ΂;͸ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͊ͪͶͫ;΂ͳ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹΃ͽ͹͹ͫͳ΂͸ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͬͳͯͰ
̸͊̽͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͷͳΓͰ͸;ͲͰͷΓ;;ͼͬͰͽ;͊ͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͬͰΕͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ 8PSME
-FBSOJOHͳ5IF"TQFO*OTUJUVUFͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͶͳͼ;ͪ͸͵Ͱͽ;͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͯͪt̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͬͰͻ;ΒͰ
ͯͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͪͼͺ͹Γ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ;ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬ͹̸ͷͰͻͳ͵͹ͷͳͯͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ
ͬͰͻ;ΒͰͯͪͲͪͽ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͵ͻͳͬͳͽͳͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
ͳ̸ͷͰ
ͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ
͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͺͻͳ͵ͪͲΒͰ͸ͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲͪ͸ΒͰͻͭͪͺ͹ͽͺͳͻ;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ͌Ͳͻ͹͵ΕͰͺͻͰͫͳͽͳ
;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;͹ͬͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͳͯͪͳ΀ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪͳͰͶͳͽͪͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β;ͼͰͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹i
͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ

͇ͽ;ͯͪΒͰͳͪ͸ͭͪͱͷͪ͸͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ ͺͳͼͪ΁ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͪ;ͪ͸ͽͳ͵͹ͻ
ͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹Β ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͻͪͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ ͋ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͵ͪ͸ͪͯͼ͵ͪ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻ͵ͪ ͳ ͺͳͼͪ΁ ͆ͪ͹ͷͳ
̓ͶͪΒ͸ ͳͪ͵͹ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͶͪͯͪ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪͺ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵ΔͳͲͳ/PMPHP
ͳͷͪͶͪ
419
΃ͳͻͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔ;ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ͹ͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸͹Βͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͇ͬ͹ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͯͰ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ Β͹΃ ͺͻͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͪ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ͍ͻͳͯͻͳ΀Ϳ͹͸͎ͪΒͰ͵ –
;ͼͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;͈;ͽ;ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ ͷͰΌ;ͺͻͬͳͷͪΒͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹
ͬͪ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ͌ͬͻͰͷͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͯͪΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͪͷͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵;͎ͪΒͰ͵͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪͼ;ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪ
Βͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͸͹ͬ;ͯͰͼ͸ͳ΁; ͵͹Βͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͼͽ;ͺͪͼͪ͸ͽͳͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
ͰͶͳͽͪͫͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ ͲͪtͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽ;ͪ͠͸;ͼͪ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹͹ͬͪΒͺ;ͽͼΒͰͯ͸ͳͷͶͳ΁ͰͷͭͶͰͯͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͯ͹ͷͪ
ΕͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲ;ͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͰͽ;i 0INBF ͼͽͻ
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰ;ͼͺͰ΀ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀
ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ͵ͪ͸ͯͳ͸ͪͬͼ͵ͳ΀ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͽ͹ΒͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͳ͊ͬ;ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ
; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͵͸͹ͫͰͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͪͭͻͪͯͰ͈͹Ͷ̓ͻ;ͭͷͪ͸;͵ΔͳͲͳ͇͵͹͸
΂ͪΒͽͰ͹ͬ;ͯͰͺͻͰͼͳΒ;͇ͯͷͪ΀͇͸ΒͰͯ;ͫΓͰͲͪ΃ͪ͹;͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͯͪͲͪͬͻͰͷͰ͵ͻͳͲͰ
t͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻͪͯͪͳͲͫͰͭ͸;ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵Ͱ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͶͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͯ;ͭ͹ͬͪͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͽͪ͵͹ ΃ͽ͹ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;
;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͰͺͶͪΕͪΔͰͯ;ͭ͹ͬͪ͹ͯ͵͹ͭͪͼͽͻͪ΀;Β;i ̓ͻ;ͭͷͪ͸ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͽ͹ͷͽͻͪͭ;ΒͰͳ͆͹ͪͷ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͵͹Βͳ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪt;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ;ͻ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪ΁ͳͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳ
ͳͲ͹ͺͪ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͫ;ͯͰ ͷ͹ͭͶͰ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΕͳ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳͷ ;ͻͰΌͰΔͰͷ ̸Ͷͳ ͳͼͽͰ ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸Ͱ
ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰͭ͹ͷͳͶͪΒ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͳͷ͹Ε; ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳͷͽͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͼͷͪΔ;Β;΃ͪ͸ͼͰͲͪ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰ
ͷͰͻͰi ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ
͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳΒͰͳͲͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͼͬͰͬͰΕ;͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;ͷΔ;;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ;͵͹Β͹ͷ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͫͳͲ͸ͳͼ̀ͪͺͪͯ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪͳ̸͊̽ Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͳͼ;ͳͲͪ΃ͶͳͳͲ͵ͻͳͲͰ̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪ
Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͶͪ͸ͰͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͻͪͯͰ̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͲͪͺͪͱͪΔͰ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻͪ̽;ͭͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͽͬͻͯͳͯͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͼͬͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͼͬͰͽ;
͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;̀ͪͽ͹͹͸Ͳͪͬͳͼͳͼͪͷ͹͹ͯ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̸͵͹;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳͲͪͯͻͱͳ͵͹͸
ͽͻ͹Ͷ;͸ͪͯͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪͳͭͻͰ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳͳͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͼͿͰͻͳ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΕͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͳ
ͯͪΓͰ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͽͳͻͰͲͰͻͬ͸;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵;ͬͪͶ;ͽ; ͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͬͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹Ͷͪͻ Ϳͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳΕͰ
΂ͳͽͪͬͼͬͰͽͻͪͯͳͽͳͳͼͺ͹͸Ͳ͹ͻͳͼͪͽͳ̸͊̽
͈ͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼΒͰͻͰ΂͹͵ͻͳͲͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳͳ͸ͰͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͼͰͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂
͵ͳͷ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͆ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺ;ͽͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͵ͪͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷ;ͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͷ;ͳͺͻͳͬͳͯ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ͯ͹
͸͹ͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻͳͲͷͪ ͳͲ͹ͺͪ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ;ͻͰ͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹͸ͪΒͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳΒ͹Β͵ͻͳͲͳ
͈ͻͰͷͪ ͽ͹ͷͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ;;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ;͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ
ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵ͬͪͻ ͬͰΕͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵͹Ͷͪͺͼ ̽;ͭͳ͸ ͼͽͻ–
͈͹͵;΃ͪΒ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹
ͼͽͳͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͪ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳΒͪ͊ͬͰ;ͼͬͰͷ; ͯͪ͸ͪ
΃Δͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪ ͰͶͳͽͪ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;Εͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ
ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͻͰ΂ͳ̸ͽͻ;ͻͪ͑͹ͺͰ͸΀ͪ;Ͱͻͪt͊ͬͪ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁;ͼͬ͹ͭ΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽͪͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁;
ͼͬͰͽ͇ͪͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸ͪͳͶ;ͲͳΒͪ͵ͪ͵͹;ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;͹ͺͪͱͪΒ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ;͵͹ͷͰͼͰ͸ͪ
΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽ;ͼͺͪΒͪΒ;͸Ͱͫ͹ͳͲͰͷΓ͇ͪͬ͹ͷͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͳͺͳͼͪͽͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͬͪ
͵͹ͷͰͻͳͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͷͰͻͳͶͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͪͼ;;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Γ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͺͻͳͬͳΕͳ– ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͼͬͪ͵͹;͸ͪͼͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰͼͬ͹Β;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬ͸;ͳ͹ͫͳ΂͸;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;i ͑͹ͺͰ͸΀ͪ;Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
420

͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͭ;ͷͪ͵͹Βͳt΂ͪͻ͹ͫ͸ͳͷ΃ͽͪͺͳΕͰͷiͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ͸ͪΌͰͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͲͪ
ͳͲͶͪͲͪ͵ͳͲ͵ͻͳͲͰ͇ͽ;ͯͪͳͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲͳ͵͹ΒͰͳͼ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͰͶͳͽͰ ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͹͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒ͹ΒͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β͵ͻͳͲͳ
̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͈͇͇͉͊͊̓́͆͋̾̈́̾̓͋͌̈́͆̾̈́́͋́̾̓͆͊̓̓́̀ͅ
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀΂ͰͽͬͻͽͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͶͪͼͬͰͽ͹͵͹ͼͰͫͰ ͺͪ
ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͯͪ͸ͪΌͰͺͻͪͬͳͺ;ͽ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͼͰͯͪΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͭͻͰ
΃ͳͶͪ͋͹ͼͰͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͰͶͳͽ;͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺ̹ͪͯͪͰͻͶͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͲͳͯͪ
Ͳͪ
ͬͻͰͷͰ;͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͶͪͯͪͬ͹ͯͳͼͬ͹Β;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;͆ͳͼ;ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͳͯͪͼͰͬͻͰͷͰͺͻ͹
ͷͰ͸ͳͶ͹ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;ͯͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ;ͼͺ͹͸͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͰͳ̓ͳ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ
ͻͪ͸ͳͯͪΒͰͪ͸ͪ΀ͻ͹͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Β͹Βt̾͌͸ͰͷͪͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ;i͋ͪ͵ͬͪͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͻͪΌͪ͸͹ͬͰ
ͭͻͰ΃͵Ͱ ͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪΒͰ ; ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͳ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪ͸͹ͼͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ΃ͽͰͽͰ͸Ͱͭ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳt̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ
ͬͰ͵ͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͯͳͻͳͭͰ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͪͶͳ΁͹ͷ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͳͭͪͱͰΔͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͽͰΓͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ
͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͰ ; ͼͬͳͷ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪi ͉ͰΓͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͋ͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͻͪͼͽͪ΂;Εͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͰt͢ͳ΀͹ͬͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳͻͪͼͳͲͪͷ;ͯͪͻ͸ͪͼ;ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ
ͺͰͼ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ̸͵͹ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳͳ͸ͳͼ;;ͼͽͪΔ;
ͯͪͼͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͰͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Βͷ͹Ε͸͹Βͭͻ;ͺͳ ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵ͪͻͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ;ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͳ
΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͪͬͪΔͪͯͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;ͳ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸Ͱͳ΀ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͸ͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹
ΌͰ͸ͳͷͼ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪi ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ;
͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͪͷͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ Ͳͪ Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͸Ͱͻͪͯ ͳͽͯ
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪ͵͹Βͪ;ͱͳͬͪͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͰͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͽͪ͵ͬͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ͇͸ͪͼͰͶͰ΂ͳ;ͳ͸͹ͼ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ͹ͯͷͪͻͪ;ͷ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯͷͪͻͪͶͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ ͪ;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͵ͳΔͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ̀ͪͭ͹ͻ͵Ͱ̻͹Ͷ;ͫ͹ͬͳΕ ͵͹Βͪ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͪΒ;ͺ͹Βͪͷ
ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͪ ͳ ͺͼͰ;ͯ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͪ ́͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ ;ͬͰ͵ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ͳ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ;ͺͻͬͳͺͶͪ͸͇͸͸ͰΕͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͷͪͺ͹͵ͻͳΕͰ;Ͳ͸ͪΔ; ΒͰͻ;Ͳͳ͸ͽ;ͳ΁ͳΒ;
ͳͲ͸ͪΔͰ ͳͷͪͳͬ͹ͯͳΓ;;ͼͪͬͰͼͽͳ͇͸;ͬͰ͵΃ͽͳͽͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ΀ͻͪͫͪͻΒͰͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Βͪ͸ ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪ
;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ ͲͪͯͪͽͰ ͽͰͷͰ ͬͰΕ ͳ΀ ͼͪͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ̻͹Ͷ;ͫ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪ
ͰͶͳͽͪtͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͳͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳͼͪ͸͹– ͸ͰΕͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͼͻͺͼ͵͇ͪ͸ͪ ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͵ͪͯͭ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͺͻͳͯͰͬͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͯͪͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͫͰͲͪ;ͽ͹΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͲͷͪi ̹ͻͯͪͻ ͼͽͻ

̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͰͶͳͽͪ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͼͽͰͳͲͼͬͰͽͪ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪΔ;
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹Βͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀Γ;ͯͳͳ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ ͪͶͳͱͳͬͰ͸ͪͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ;͆ͳΒͰͫ͹ΓͰͼͽͪΔͰ͸ͳ͵͹ͯͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͼͰͼͪͷ͹ͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ
΂͵ͳͺ͹ͷͳΔ;
͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͼͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪͰͶͳͽͪͼͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͲͬͪͽͳt͵ͶͳΒͰ͸ͽͰͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͶͳ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͶͳͭͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷi ̹ͻͯͪͻ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͲͰͷΓͪtͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;
ͽ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪi ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰt͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪͯͰͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͶͳ΂ΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
421
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͿͰͻ͹ͷ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͰͻ;
ͼͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͳͷͰͻͰͯͰͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪ
ͶͳͲͷͪΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹͸ͪͼͳΓͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽ͹ͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ͵ͪͷͪͽͪͷͪͳΒͪͬ͸ͳͷͯ;ͭ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͰ;ͫͳΒͪͯͻ;ͭͪ
΂ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪi ͊ͽͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ-͈ͰΒͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͏ͳΓ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͯͪ
͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸;ͬͶͪͼͽ͵͹ΒͪΕͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳͯͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰͼͪͷͪͬͶͪͼͽ
ͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵͹ͷΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ;ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱͻ;͵Ͱ ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͳͷͯ;ͱ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͰ͵ͼ
ͺͶ͹ͲͳΒ͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ΒͪͲͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ ̓ͶͪΒ͸ ͼͽͻ–
͉ͰͶͪ
΁ͳΒͪ ͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻ–ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͪ–ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ ͵ͪ͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͳͭ͸;ͽͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͼͬͰͽͳΔͰ̾Ͷͳͽ;͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͽ;ΌͰΔͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵͇ͪ͸ͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂ͪͳͪͅͻ͵;ͲͰ͹ͬ͹ͭΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͌ͻͪΓͪͷͪ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰͬͶͪͯͪ
ͬͳ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͼͬͰͼͰͬͳ΃ͰͻͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵;ΒͰͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ /BVTCBVNN ͼͽͻ

͇΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͽͪ͵ͬͰͰͶͳͽͰͯͪ͸ͪΌͰͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͳͲͶͪͲͳͲͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͼ; ͳͺͪ͵ ͺͻͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͪ
̀ͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͰͲͼͷͳͼͶͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ́ͷͪͶͳͰͶͳͽͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ̽Ͱ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰ͵͹Βͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͪͭͶͰ
ͯͪͬͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͽͰ΃͵͹͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͳͲ͸ͰͼͰ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ;ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷ͉ͪͪͲͶ͹ͲͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;Β;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͰ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͌ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͷͰΕͰͬ͹Γͪ
Βͪ΂Ͱͭ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪΒͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͰͶͳͽͰ̀ͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͰͶͳͽͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ
ͳͲ͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺ;ͽͰͬͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͽͳͯͪͼͰͼͷͪΔͳ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΌͰ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ
ͳͲͶͪͲͪ͵ͳͲ͵ͻͳͲͰ͊ͬͰͯ͹͵ͽ͹͸Ͱͫ;ͯͰͽͪ͵͹ ͵ͻͳͲͪΕͰͼͰ;ͼͬͰ͵ͻͪΕͳͷ΁ͳ͵Ͷ;ͼͳͷͪ ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪͽͳ̾Ͷͳͽͪ
ͫͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͯͪͳͷͪ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪΒͰͲͪ΂ͪͻͪ͸ͳ͵ͻ;ͭ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͫͳͲ͸ͳͼͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳ
Β͹ͷ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ͸ͪͽͻͪͭ;ΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͹ͭͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΔͪ͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͪ
ͼͰͼͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸;͵͹Βͪͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͳͬͰΕͳ͸;͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͌ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;̹Ͱͻ͵͹ͬͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ
͸ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸͹ΒͰͶͳͽͳͳͷͪͼͷͳͼͶͪ͌͸Ͱ͹ͫ;Ͳͯͪ͸͹Β͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳͼͷͪΔͳͬͪͶͪͼ;
ͼͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ ͺͪΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ͸Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ ͰͶͳͽͰͯͪͳͲ͸ͪΌͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͰͲͪ
͹ͫ;ͲͯͪͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͲ͹ͫͻ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͷ͹Εͳ ͎͹ͻ͵΀ͪΒͷͰͻ͹ͬ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ
ͬͶͪͼͽͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͵ͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ;ΒͰͬͶͪ΃Ε;͸ͪͯͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͺ;͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ΒͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹
ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͽ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ̀ͪͯͪͽͪ͵ΒͰͰͶͳͽͰͯͪͳͲ͸ͪΌͰͳͲͶͪͲͳͲͽ͹ͭͪ
̾Ͷͳͽͪ;ͷͪͶͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳ ͯͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;͵͹Β͹ͷΕͰͼͰ
͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ͋͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͯͪͼͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ
͸ͳͽͰͽ ͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳ ; ͫͰͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͺ͹ͯͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹Βͳͷ ͼͰ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ ͼͺ͹Γͪ ͆ͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͵ͻͳͲ;
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱͫͳ͹Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͼͽͻͪ΀;ͰͶͳͽͪͲͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͳͬͳ
ͶͰͭͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͯͰ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰ͵͹Βͪ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ
͸ͪͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸͹ͼͽͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ͸ͪ͸ͰͼͰͶͰ
͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͪ͵ͼ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̓ͻͳͽͳ͵;Β; ͼͰ ͭ͹ͷͳͶͪΔͰ ͳ ͷ͹Ε ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀
422
ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ̽Ͱ͹ͰͶͳͽͰͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͯͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ͸ͳΒͰͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂
͵ͳ͵ͬͪͻ,͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ ͬͰΕͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ͳͲͫ͹ͭΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̀ͪͯͪͽͪ͵͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͻͪͲ͹ͫͶͳ΂ͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳ
Ͳͪͷ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪͲͪ΁ͳΓͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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Report oGUIF*OU6OF&MJUF4VSWFZ ;)#FTU (-FOHZFMBOE-7FS[JDIFMMJ FET
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4UVEZJOUPUIF&VSPQFBOOFTTPG&VSPQFT1PMJUJDBMBOE&DPOPNJD&MJUFT ͼͽͻ–268) 0YGPSE0YGPSE
University Press.
Michels, R. (1971). -FT 1BSUJT QPMJUJRVFT &TTBJ TVS MFT UFOEBODFT PMJHBSDIJRVFT EFT EFNPDSBUJFT 1BSJT
Flammarion.
Mosca, G. (1937). )JTUPJSFEFTEPDUSJOFTQPMJUJRVFTEFQVJTMBOUJRVJUF̗KVTRVa̖OPTKPVST1BSJT1BZPU
Nausbaumm, M. (2012). /BQSPGJUV[BØUPEFNPLSBDJKBUSFCBIVNBOJTUJLV ;BHSFC"(.
Ohmae, K. (2007). /PWBHMPCBMOBQP[PSOJDB;BHSFC."5&EPP
Pareto, V. (1916). 5SBUUBUP%J4PDJPMPHJB(FOFSBMF WPMT
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̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͊
̓ͻͳͲͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰ ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
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̹ͪ;ͷͪ͸ ̀
͍Ͷ;ͳͯ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΀͆͹ͬͳ͊ͪͯ.FEJUFSSBOQVCMJTIJOH
̹Ͱͼͽ ͎(2014). ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ– ͷͰ͸·΃ͰͰͳͲͲ͹Ͷ ̻ͻͪ͸ͳ΁Άͺ;ͽͰʹͬΆ΀͹ͯͪ ͳͲͫͰͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻͳͲͳͼͪͼ
ͽ͹΂͵ͳͲͻͰ͸ͳΊΈͶͳͽ ;̸̺̽;͵ͪ ͵ͺ͹Ͷ͸ ͭͶͪͬ͸ΆʹͻͰͯͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ
̺Ͷͪͼͽ·ͳΈͶͳͽΆ ͋ ͼͽͻ–96).
͈͊ͫ́͸ͽͰͻͼ͹΁ͳͼ
̹ͻͯͪͻ ͅ
͎ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͋ͻ͹ΒͰ ̓Δͳͭͪ
̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬͪ΁͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ
̻͹Ͷ;ͫ͹ͬͳΕ ̀
͈͹;͵ͰͳͯͳͶͰͷͰͷͳ͸;Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ–ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ͹
ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͳͯͰΒͪͷͪ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
423
̽;ͭͳ͸ ̸
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷΕͰͺͻ͹Εͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͪͷ ;͊̾ͻͳΕ ;ͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Βͪ ͼͽͻ–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͈̻ͪͯ́Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͼͯ͹͹
̀ͪ͵ͪͻͳΒͪ ͍
̹;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͸ͰͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͵͹ͯ͵;ΕͰͳ;ͼͬͰͽ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̽ͪ͸̻ͻͪͿ
̓ͪͻͪ-ͅ;ͻͲͪ ͊
ͪͅ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͬͰ΃Ε;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆ͳ͵͹Ͷ͈ͪͪ΃ͳΕ
̓ͶͪΒ͸Ͱ-͎ͪͻͽͶͪͭͰ ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷΕͰͺͻ͹Εͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͪͷ ;͊̾ͻͳΕ ;ͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͼ
ͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
̓ͻͪ;΂ ̓
͈͹ͼͽͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓ͪͻͺ͹ͼ
̓ͻ;ͭͷͪ͸ ͈
͇͵͹͸΂ͪΒͽͰ͹ͬ;ͯͰͺͻͰͼͳΒ;͇ͯͷͪ΀ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͽͰͻ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁
̓;Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸͵͹ ̸̺̓;Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸͵͹ ̸̺
͇ͫ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰΈͶͳͽΆ– ͬͪͱ͸ͪΊͲͪͯͪ΂ͪͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹
͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ̿;ͻ͸ͪͶ̻;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ΆͰ͸ͪ;͵ͳ̺Ͱͼͽ͸ͳ͵͍ͳ͸ͪ͸ͼ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͪ
–
̈́͹ͷͺͪͻ ͅ
̽;΀ ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͻͳ΁ͪΔͪ ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͌ ͼͰ͸΁ͳ
ͽ;Όͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̾ͬͻ͹-͚;͸ͽͳ
ͅ͹΀͹ͬ ̺͈
̽Ͱͭͻͪͯͪ΁ͳΊΈͶͳͽͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQTDKPVSOBMSVBSUJDMFT
issn_1997-292X_2014_12-@QEG<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
͈ͪ͸ͪͻͳ͸ ̸͊
͆ͪͻ͹ͯͫͰͲΈͶͳͽΆͷͰͱͯ;͹ͽ΂ͪΊ͸ͳͰͷͳ͸ͪͯͰͱͯ͹ʹ. ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
IUUQXXXEPMJUOFUBVUIPSFCPPLQBOBSJO@BMFLTBOES@TFSHFFWJDIOBSPE@CF[@FMJUZJ@NFK
EV@PUDIBZBOJFN@J@OBEFKEPZ<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͬͪͶͳ͵ͪͼͬͰͽ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ̻ͪͯ;ͽͰ͸ͫͰͻͭ͹ͬͪͭͪͶͪ͵ͼͳΒͪ
͉ͰΒ͸Ͱͻͽ ̾
͠Ͱͯͳ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ– ͹ͽͺͳͼͯ;ͭ͹ͬͪ ;͊̾ͻͳΕ ;ͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ
69–
͉ͰΓͳΕ ͊
͉ͪͲͷͪΌͳΒͪͬͪΔͰtͶ͹΃ͰͫͰͼ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͼͽͳi͇;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Βͳͳͼͽ͹΂
͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Βͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ̈́Ͱͽ͹ͺͳͼͪͅͽͳ΁Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ –
–130.
͊ͪͶͫ;΂ͳ ̸
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͷ͹Εͳ ;͊̾ͻͳΕ ;ͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
͊ͽͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ͈ͰΒͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̺
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ;ͼͶ;ͱͫͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ͊ͻͺ
ͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷͳͼͪ͹,
–28.
͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁ ͦ
͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͺ̸ͪͯͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳͼͶ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͆͹ͬͳ
̸͊ͪͯ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͪ͵Δͳͭͪ
͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁ ͦ
̺ͰͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳ΃ͽͪͯͪͻͪͯͳͷ͹ͼͪΔͳͷͪ͆͹ͬͳ͊ͪͯ
̸͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͪ͵Δͳͭͪ
͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁ ͦ
̾ͬͻ͹̓ͪ͵͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͬͪͶ;ͽͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͆͹ͬͳ̸͊ͪͯ͵ͪ
ͯͰͷͼ͵ͪ͵Δͳͭͪ
͊ͽ͹ΒͳΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̀
̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͳͶͳͺ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ
424
͍ͶͳͬͫΒͰͻͭ ̹
͑ͽͪͼͬͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;͵ͰͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͳͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͲͪͫ;ͯ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵
͎ͪΒͯͰͭͰͻ ͅ
͑ͰͶͳ͸ͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪ͹ͫͳͬͼͽͬ;΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ
;͍̺͑͠ͰͶͳ͸ͭͳ
͎ͪͅΒͯͰͭͰͻ͉ͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ͼͽͻ–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̽ͰͻͰͽͪ
͎͹Ϳͫͪ;Ͱͻ ͎
͆ͪͻ;΂Ͱ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ–͵;ͺΓͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͯͪ̓͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹
ͭͻͪͯͪ͠ͼͰ͸
͏ͬͰͽͳΕͪ͸ͳ͸ ͆
͉Ͱ͵ͬͳΒͰͷͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͳ ̾ͼͰΒͳ–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵
͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͆
͊͸͹ͬͳͳ͸ͪͯͪΔͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̺ͪͯ;Ͷ͵ͪ͸
͑͹ͺͰ͸΀ͪ;Ͱͻ ̸
͈ͪͻͰͻͭͪͳͺͪͻͪͶͳͺ͹ͷͰ͸̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̽ͰͻͰͽͪ
"-&,4"/%"37,045*ſ
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SUMMARY
The authors deal with the problem of intellectual elites, its complexity and therefore the disagreements
that accompany it. The new construct of the powerlessness of the elite in modern times corresponds, in fact, to
their marginalization, leaning on TukidJEhTNBYJN5IFTUSPOHEPXIBUUIFZDBOBOEUIFXFBLTVGGFSXIBUUIFZ
NVTU5IFBVUIPSTͰxplore the causes for the appearance of the apologists of the authorities of any kind.
From this relationship a part of the so-called new intellectual elite is committed to blending into the
European identity. Based on this pattern there is a polarization of those who do not want to accept such a
situation when faced with the impending denial of national identity and those who transfer the concept of
economic domination to identity. The authors break up this kind of fixation and correlate it with the
responsibility of intellectuals which should not be relativized due to privileges and benefits. They explore the
possibilities of the intellectual elite to distance itself from the ideology in times of crisis and to seek solutions
to both economic problems and the suppression of individual and national identity. The authors look for an
BOTXFSUPUIFRVFTUJPOXIFUIFSUIFSFJTBOFMJUFJO4FSCJB 5IFZQPJOUUPUIFEJTDSFQBODy between the norma-
tive and the functional elite and the growing segmentation on local and regional level as some kind of unjus-
tified counterpoint to European communion. They explore whether there is a way to achieve political, cultu-
ral and social development outside the Anglo-Saxon pattern, whether the connection between the politics
and intellectual elite is focused on the spreading of freedom or the strengthening of corporate over social.
They particularly investigated the relationship of the intellectual elite to the contemporary world economic
crisis. The authors are interested to know how much a today's intellectual rises above the partial knowledge
of his own profession and engages in global issues of controversy, often manipulation, which undermines
the credibility of intellectuals who are guided solely by the truth.
,&:803%4 elite, globalism, identity, crisis, integration.

̸̸̸̹͉͉͇͉́͊̾̓̓͑͏ 1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͷ͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ;
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͈ͪͶͰ (͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ– ̹ͳ͎
̸̸̸͈͉̺͎͇͍͆̾̓́͊̾̓͋́̽͌͑͋̾͆́̓͆̈́́̓͋͌
͈͇͇͇̹͇͎͉͊͋̽̾͋͆͊̓͊͆́́̾͠͠͏̻͇̺̾́͆́
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΕͰͼͰ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͬͻͼͽͰͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ;
ͺ͹ͼͽͯͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵͹Β̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ̽;ͭͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;
ͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳΕͰͼͰͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͼͽͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ
͵͹Βͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ;̹ͳ͎̽͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽΒͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ
͹͸ͼͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ;ͽͻͳͬͳͯͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͻͪͯͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ̹ͳ͎ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ
ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ;͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ̹ͳ͎͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ͸͹ͻ
ͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹Β͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͰͶͳͽͪͲͪͰͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ;Ͳ͸ͪ͵;
ΒͰͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽ͈ͪ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͲͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ̹ͳ͎͵ͪ͹ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱͯͻͱͪ
ͬ͸Ͱͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͯͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵̹ͪ͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ.
̸̸̸̸̸̺͇͉͉͌̽͆̀͋͢ͅ
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ; ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͳ Ͳͪͽ͹ ͼ; ;ͬͰ͵ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ ;
ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷ̹ͪͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͪͬͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ
͵ͽͳͷͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔ;͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͫ;Ό;ΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪΔͰ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒ;;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵;Β; ͪͶͳͳͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͯ;ͺ
ͻͰͯͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸Ͱ ͫͳ ͯ͹ͬͰͶͳ ͯ͹ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹t͹ͫͶͳ͵ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͯͪ͸ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ ͯͰ͹
; ͽͰͱΔͳ Ͳͪ ͹ͼͽͪͬͻͰΔͰͷ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ ͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͷ
ͪ͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪ ͳͶͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ ͪ͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͱͰͶͳ ͯͪ
;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪi ̻͹ͪͽͳ ͼͽͻ
͊Ͷͳ΂͸;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒ;ͯͪΒͰͳ̈́;ͳͼ̓͹ͲͰͻ -FXJT
"MGSFE$PTFS
ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;Εͳͺ͹ͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫ͹ͷΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͯͬͰͳͶͳ
1
bkosarac@hotmail.com
426
̸̸̸̹͉͉͇͉́͊̾̓̓͑͏͆Ͱ͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ;ͺ͹ͼͽͯͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵͹Β̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͳͶͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;ͼͪ΁ͳΓͰͷ
ͯͪ͹ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͯ͹ͫͻͳͷͪͳͶͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;͸ͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͺ͹ͽ΂ͳ͸ͰͳͶͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰͯͻ;ͭ;ͼͽͻͪ͸;͵͹Βͪ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ;ͽ͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵
΁ͳΒͳ ,P[FS
̓͹ͲͰͻ ;ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; ͸ͪ ͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͳ ͸ͰͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ ͇ͬͳ
ͺͻͬͳͼ;ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͻͰͪͶ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͪͯͬͰΒ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͻͪ
ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ
͏ͳΓͯͪͼͰͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͻͪΒͰͿͳ͵ͼͪ͸ ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͪͶͽͰͻ
͸ͪͽͳͬͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ͆ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͸ͰͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫ͸ͳΒͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪ͸
ͼ;ͺͪͻ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͹͵͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͻͪ ͬͰΕͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹
ͼͽͳ ͫͪͻ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ̓͹ͲͰͻ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͶͰͱͰ ; ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͷ
ͳͷͺ;ͶͼͳͷͪͳͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͼ;͵͹ͫͪͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͽͻͪΒͪΔͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͳͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͰ͸ ,P[FS ͼͽͻ
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͻ;
ͱͪ͸;ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͳ;͵͹ͷͰ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͱͰͶͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͬͪ͵;΁Ͱ͸;͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͼͬ͹ΒͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͸ͪΒͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸ͳΒͳΒͰͲͪ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͋ͪ͵ͪͬͼ;͵͹ͫΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͻͪͲͪͻͪΒ;Εͳͳ͸ͪ͸͹ͼͳͬͰͶͳ͵;΃ͽͰͽ;;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ
ͼͽͳ΂ͪ͸ΒͰͲ̹ͪͳ͎;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͉ͳͼͽͳΕ

̹͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͪͶͳͳ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͰͼͰ
ͼ;ͼͻͰΕ;ͳͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ̹ͳ͎ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͪt͸Ͱͯ͹ͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭ
ͷͳͻͪi ͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸ͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͷͪͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̺ͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ
͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽ͵ͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ;̹ͳ͎ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸Ͱͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱͺ;ͽͪΔͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁͉ͪͪͽΒͰͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸̽ͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵ͳͷͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͺ͹ͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷ͹ͷ ͪͯͻͱ̹ͪͬͪͳ͎ΒͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ;ͯͬͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͳ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒ̹ͪͳ͎ ͼͽͻͳ
͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͊ͻͫͳ ̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ̸͸Ͱ͵ͼ̽ͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪΒͰ
͌ͼͽͪͬ ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ̽ͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͷͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ ;ͻͰΌͰΔͰ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͽͳͺͪ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ
ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͬ͹ΓͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͰͳͷͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͰͲͪͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͽͰͽͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͼͽͰͻͳ
ͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͳͷͪΒ; ΒͰͯ͸͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͬͰΕͳ͸; ͊;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸
͸ͪ͵͹͸ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͬ͹Γ͹ͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸ ΒͰ
ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪͼͽͬͪͻͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ
ΕͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;ͫͳͽͳͲͪͷͰΔͰ͸͹͵͹͸ͪ΂͸ͳͷͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͷͳͶͳ;͸ͳͽͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳͶͳͻͪͼͺͪͯ͹ͷ
̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͊ͪͷͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͯ;ͭͳ͸ͳͲ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͇̹̾͊ ͇͎͉ ͈͍́͋ ͈̾͌ͅͳͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ
͸ͳͼͪͶͪ ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͺ͹ͯͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ;Ͳͻ͹͵;Β;Εͳ ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ ͇̹̾͊ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱ
ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͇͎͉ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͲͪ͵͹͸Ͱͳ͹ͯͶ;͵ͰͫͰͲͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒ͉ͪ͊ͳ̹ͳ͎ ͈͍́͋ͳ͈̾͌ͅ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͹͸͹ͼ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;̹ͳ͎
ͳͼͶ
͆ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͳͪͷͪ͸ͯͷͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ;ͼͽͪͬͰͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͌ͻͰͯͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͇͎͉
ΒͰ
ͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ̹͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ͹ͯ;Ͳͳͷͪ͹͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͷͪͳͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͳ΀͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹̹ͳ͎
͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͻͰͬͳͲͳΒͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽ͹ͭ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷ̹ͪͳ͎;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ̽ͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ
͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͭ;ͫͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ̹ͳ͎ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͼͰ͸͹ͬͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ
ͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹
427
͌ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ͹ͷ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͼͰͳͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ;Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͳͽ͹ͺ͹Ͷ;ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻ͸͹ͭͽͳͺͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ̹ͳ͎ ͪͶͳΔͰ͸ͳͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪ
Β;ͼͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͯͰͶ͹ͷͲͫ͹ͭͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͪ ͪͯͰͶ͹ͷͳͲͫ͹ͭ
͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΃͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹΃Ε; ͫͰͯ͹ͷ ͫͰͼͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹΃Ε; ͉ͳͼͽͳΕ

͌ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͸ͰͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ͳͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ͇͸͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰ̹ͳ͎͵ͪͻͪ
͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰtͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷΒͰ΃ͪͶͪͳ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͼͽͬͪ
ͻͪΒ;Εͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͲͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͲͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ͯ͹͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹Γ
͸͹ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͯͰͿͳ΁ͳͽͪ ͳ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ; ̹ͳ͎i ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ-͑͹΃͹
̓͹΃ͪͻͪ΁ ͼͽͻ

̽ͪ͵ͶͰ t͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͰ͸ͪΒͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͶͰͺͰͲͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪ;
ͻͪͼͺ͹͸;͹ͯ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹-΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͰ͵͹Ͱͽ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͳ΀i ͅͳͽͻ͹
ͬͳΕ ͊ͽΒͰͺͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ-̀ͪ΀ͪͻͳΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ
͌Ͳͻ͹͵Ͱ͹ͬͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸;ͳͲͫͳ
ΒͪΒ;ͼͪͷͪΔͳͷͳͶͳͬͰΕͳͷͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Βͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͺͻ͹ͳ
Ͳͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ Ͱͽ͸͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ;Ͳ
ͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵;ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ
̸̸͇͇̹͇͇͍̹͊̾͆͊͋́̓͆̈́́̓͋͌ͳ͎
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͫ͹ͻͫͪ͹͵͹ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͻͰͽ͵ͪ
ͯ͹ͫͻͪ ͭͯͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ;͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͽͰͱͰͲͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΔ;ͱͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͰΕͳͯͪ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͳ΃;
͹΃ͽͰͽͰ ͳͶͳ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ,P[FS
͊ͪͷ͹ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ͳΒͰ ̹ͳ͎ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͹ͺͽͻͰΕͰ͸͹
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͶ͹ ͯͪ
ͫ;ͯͰͺ͹Ͷ;ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ͵ͻͳͲͪͯ;ͫ͹͵ͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹
ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͪͯ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ
ͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͪ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͶ͋ͪ͵ͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸ͪͳͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͷ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͷ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͻͪͯͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ̹ͳ͎ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ
Ͳͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͽΒ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹͵͹͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
̹ͳ͎
͈ͻͬͪ ͬͻͼͽͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͪ ΒͰ ͻͪͼͺͪͯ͹ͷ͍͉͊͠ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹Β;ΒͰ͵ͻͬͪͬͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ
ͪͶͳ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪ ͳ ͼͬͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͪ ̽ͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͇ͬͪ ͬͻͼͽͪ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͪΒͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͻͪͽ͹ͷ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͲͪͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͰͱͳͶͪͯͪ΃ͽ͹
ͬͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ̹ͳ͎ ͼͽͪͬͳ ͺ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹Β; ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ; ͊ͽ͹ͽͳ͸Ͱ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͼͰ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
ͻͪͽͪͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͪ̽ͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͳͼͺͻͰͷͰ΃ͽͪͶ͹ͳͿ͹ͻ
ͷͳͻͪͶ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ͆ͪ͵͹͸ͻͪͽͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵; ͼͿͰͻ; ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
́͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͺͻͰ͵͹͌ͻͰͯͪͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͪ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ͸ͳͬ͹ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹͌ͼͽͪͬ;̹ͳ͎͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪ
ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͍Ͱͯͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͳ͎;ͬͰ͵ͼ;ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͳͺͻͰ͸͹ͼ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ;͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱͳ
428
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ̹ͳ͎ ͯ͹͵ ͼ; ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ ͸ͳͬ͹ ̹ͳ͎ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ
ͺͻͰ͸͹΃Ͱ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͳͷͪ ;΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ ͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ ͳ ͼͪͻͪͯΔ͹ͷ ͯͰͶͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ;
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β͆ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͳͪͷͪ͸ͯͷͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ;ͼͽͪͬͰͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ΒͰ
ͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͫ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ ͹ͯ;Ͳͳͷͪ͹ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͳͷ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ; ͳ ͽͳͷͰ
͵ͻ΃ͳ͹͌ͼͽͪͬ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ-͑͹΃͹ ̓͹΃ͪͻͪ΁
͋ͪ͵ͬͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪͶͳͼ;Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͰͬͰΕ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͸ͪ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͰͲͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ̽ͰΒͽ͹͸ͪ ͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͳ͎Ͳͪ;͸ͳͽͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;̹ͳ͎

͆Ͱ͵ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͽͻͰΕͰͭ ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͎ͻͬͪͽͪ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͻͪͽ͸͹ͭ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͲͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͽͻͰΕͰͭͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͳͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹͹͵ͬͳͻͲͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ
ͽ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;̹ͳ͎͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͱͰͶͰͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͲͪͯͻͱͰͬͳ΃ͰͼͶ͹Βͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ; ͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͆ͪͳͷͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸͵Ͱ
ͳͷͪΒ;͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ; ͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͯ͹ͷ; ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸Ͱ ͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ
ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ͋Ͱ͹ͻͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͹ͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͰͫͳͫͰͲͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͳͷͪΔͳ͸
ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͷ͹ͭͶͰͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͽͳ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͽ͹ͷͰΒͰͼͽͰͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͶͪͼͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͫͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͺͻ;ͱͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͫͶ͹͵ͳͻͪΔͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͋ͪͯͳΕ
͇ͽ;ͯͪ ͳ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳ
ͯͰͶͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰͳͲ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͳ͎ͯͪͼͰͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͌ͼͽͪͬͪͳ;͵ͳ͸Ͱ
ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͭͶͪͼͪΔͪ ͆Ͱͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳ Ͳͪ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ; ͼͬͳͷ ͼͿͰͻͪͷͪ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ΒͼͰͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͪͬΓͰΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͷͰͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͋͹ͼͰ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪͽͳͺͻͳ΂͹ͷ͹ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ΒͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ;͵͹Βͳ
ͷͪ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵; Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ ͳ ͼͶ ͋ͪ͵ͬͰ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
ͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͪΒ͹΃ͬͰΕͰͷ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;͊ͻͫͪͼ̹ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͷͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷͳ
ͯͪΓͰͷͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳͬͪΔ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ
́ͼ΀͹ͯͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ̓Ͱ͸Ͱͽ̹͹Ͷͯͳ͸ͭͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ
ͷ͹ͯͪͶͳͽͰͽͰt
ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪ– ͯͬͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͼͰͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;
͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ
΂ͪͬͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸; ͺͻͰͬͶͪͼͽ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͰͼͺ͹ͻͪ ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪ
ͽͻͳͺ͹ͯͽͳͺͪͪ
ͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ;ͼ;͵͹
ͫ;ͳͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪͫ
͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ;͵͹ΒͰͷ͸Ͱͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂
͵͹ͭͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͪͶͳͼ;ͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳͯͪ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪ͸;͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪͯͪ
ͫͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͫͳ͹ͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳͬ
ͪͻͫͳͽͻͪͱͪ͵ͪ͹ͽͻͰΕͳͺ͹ͯͽͳͺͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹͵͹ͭͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͺ͹ͼͻͰ
ͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͸Ͱ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͺ͹ͻ;i ̻͹ͪͽͳ ͼͽͻ

̹͌ͳ͎ΒͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͻͪͯͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͬ͹Β;͵;Ͷͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰ͹ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ ͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͰͷ ͲͪͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ;Ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͪͻͫͳͽͻͪͱͰ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̸ͻͫͳͽͻͪͱ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͼ;΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳ ͳ
;΁Ͱ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͬͪΒ;ΔͰ͸;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸;͌ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ
ͽͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ ͬͰΕΒͰtͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽi ͪͼͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪͺ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ͽͻͰ͸;ͽͪ͵ͯͪ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͼ͵ͻͪΒ͸;ͽͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͅ͹ͯͰͶͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
429
ͳͶͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼͪ ͵ͪͯͪͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪΒ;͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͸ͳΒͰ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂ͪ͸ͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͬͻͼͽͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪ;̹ͳ͎
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͼ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͼͰ͹ͬͪΒ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͻͰ΃ͳͳͯͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͫ;ͯͰͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹
΂͸͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪͷͪͶͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪtͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;͵͹ͫͪi͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪ
ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪΒͰͼͽͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͼ;͵͹ͫͪt͈ͻͬ͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪͫͳͶ͹
ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͹ͫͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳ͸;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹ͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ
ͯͪͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ̓ͪͯͭ͹ͯͼͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͼͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ͹ͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͰͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰͼͰͺͻ͹
ͭͶͪͼͳͽͳ͸ͰͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͷͳͶͳ͵ͪͯͪͷ;ͼͰ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͪͻͰͭ;
Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͸ͰΕͰ ͫͳͽͳ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪi %BISFOEPSG ͼͽͻ
͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ;
ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͻͪͯͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ;;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ̹ͳ͎͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͼ;͵͹ͫͪ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;
Εͳ ͼͽͪͬ ͯͪ ̹ͳ͎ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯͰ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͽͳͺͪ ͫͰͲ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ
Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;Β;ΕͳͽͰͱΔ;͊ͻͫͪ͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͯͪ͹΂;ͬͪΒ;ͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪΒ;ΕͳͽͪΒͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͰͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͷ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͬͻͶ͹΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͳ
ͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͰͯͪͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ
΃ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͼͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;͊ͻͺͼ͵;tͭͰ͸͹΁ͳͯ͸͹ͷͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸͹ͷit͌ͼ;͵͹ͫ;;̹ͳ͎͵͹Βͳͼͷ͹
͸ͪͲͬͪͶͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͼͰ ͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͳ ͺͻͳͺͳͼ;ΒͰ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹̸͊̽ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ̾͌ ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͷͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͌ͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͰ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͸Ͱͭͳͻͪ ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͸ͪ
Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪi ͑Γ;͵ͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̽ͻ;ͭͳ͸ͳͬ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͼͺͻͬͳͷ ΒͰͼͽͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͪ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͳ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͼͰ͹͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͬͰͲͪ͸Ͳͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽ͉ͪͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼ͹͵͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͽͻͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͰͯͰͶͰ
ͳͼͽͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹ͫͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̹ͪͳ͎ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͬͻͰ
ͯ͸;Β; ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͷͳͻ ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͼ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͪͶͳ ͯ;ͫΓͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ
;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ;͹ͫͳ΂͸͹͹͵ͻͳͬΓ;Β;͹͸;ͯͻ;ͭ;ͼͽͻͪ͸;Ͳͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰͽͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͋ͪͯͳΕ

͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͺͶͪ͸;ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;Β;ͼͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪͳͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫ;ͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ
΂ͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰΔͰΒͰͯͳ͸͵ͰͳͶͳͭͻ;ͺͰ;͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͪͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͼͺ͹͸ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹͉ͭͪͽ͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪͳͷͪ͸ͳͲͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀ΒͰͼͽͰͳ
ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͪͪͿͳͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪt͊ͬͪ͵ͪͺͻͰͽΔͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰ
ͽͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͷ͹ͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͸;ͽͪͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͪͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͸;ͽͪͻͭͻ;ͺͰi
̓͹΃ͪͻͪ΁ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ-͑͹΃͹ ͼͽͻ7–
͋͹͵͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
̹͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼ;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰ
ͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͳͼͪͶͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͳ ͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ ͵ͪͱΔͪͬͪͶͰ ͼͬͪ͵͹ ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ̓ͪͯͪͼͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͫͻͪͽͼͽͬͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ;ͻ;΃ͳͶͪ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ
430
ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰͳͼͺͶͳͬͪͶͳͼ;͸ͪͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸;t͌͸ͪͶͰͽ;ͯ;ͭ͹͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ
͸ͰͳͺͻͳͱͰΓ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͻͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͼ;ͯͪ͹ͽ͵͹ͺͪͬͪΒ;ͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸Ͱͳͼͽͳ͸ͰͳͲͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͭ͸͹ͻͳͼͪ͸Ͱ
ͳͶͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͲͪͫͻͪΔͳͬͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͋ͳͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͰͱͳͷͪi ̺;͵͹ͳ΂ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͆Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΒͰ
ͯͪΒͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ;͸ͳ΃ͽͳ͹ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰͳͼͪͻͪͯΔ; ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰΒͰͯ͹ͬͰ͹
ͯ͹;΂ͬͻ΃ΕͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͋ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͼ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹-
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͰ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͳ;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;Ͷͪ͵͹ͼ;ͲͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͉ͪͽ ΒͰ ;΂ͬͻͼͽͳ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͊ͻͫͪ ͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͪ ͳ ͳͷͪ͹ ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;Εͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͸ͪ
Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽͪ͵Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̹ͪ͹΃Δͪ͵ͪ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͯͬͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪ ͬͳΌͰΔͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͸ͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹Β
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͽͰͱΔͪͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͳ͹΂;ͬͪΒ; ͪ͸ͪͯͻ;
ͭ͹Β ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ – ͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͽͪ ͳͯͰΒͪ
ͺ͹ͽͳ΂ͰΒ͹΃ͳͲ̓ͪͶͪΒͰͬ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳ͸ͪΒͻͰͬ͸͹ͼ͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͳͯͰΒ;͹ͫ͹ͼͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͯ͹͵ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͊ͻͫͪ ͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͽ͹ ;ͯͪͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͼͬ͹Β ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͈͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰͼͽͪͻͰͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͸͹ͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͹͸ͳ΀͹͸ͪͲͳͬ;ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͹ͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ
΁ͳͷͪ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳͷͪ ͸ͪͲͳͬͳͷͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪͼͰΓͪͳͼͶ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ;ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;͵ͪͯͪͼͰ
͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳ ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͰͶͳͽͪ ͳ ͯͰͶͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͬͻ΃Ͱ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳ ͸ͪ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ t͈ͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳ ͳ ͸ͪͺͪͯͳ ͸ͪ ͉͊ ;ͲͳͷͪΒ; ͼͬͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰͼͪΒͰͯ͸ͳͷΒͪͼ͸ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͷ– ͯͪͼͰ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ
͹ͼͶͪͫͳ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ; Δ͹Β ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͳͺ͹ͯͻͳΒͰΔͰ͸ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽi ̺;͵͹ͳ΂ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͬͳ
͹ͬͳͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͶͳͱͰΓͰ͸ͳͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ tͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪi
ͬͰΕ ͼ; ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ ͯ͹ͬͰͶͳ ͼ; ͯ͹ ͬͰΕͰ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ Βͪ΂ͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͳͷͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͺͻͰ͵͹͵͹ΒͰͭͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ
Βͪͬ͸ͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͰͯͳΒͰͳͽͪ͵͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ;͹΂;ͬͪΔ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ;
̹ͳ͎ͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ
͋ͻͰΕͳ ͸ͳͬ͹ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ; ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ; ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ̹ͳ͎ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ
ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͬͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱͼ;ͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪ̽ͰΒͽ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ
̸ͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ;ͲͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͬͰΕͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ;͵ͻͪΒΔ͹ΒͶͳ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪΓͰΔͰ ͲͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͽͻͰΕͰͭ
Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͪͲͪͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͰͶͳͽ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ;͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱ̹ͳ͎͊ͬͰͽͻͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰͼͰ
͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͸͹ͼͶͪͱ;͹͵͹ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳͼͰ͹͵͹ͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽ̹ͪ͹΃Δͪ΂͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͰͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ
΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪ ͯͪ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰ;ͻͰΌͰΔͰ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ̹ͳ͎ ; ͼͬͰͽͶ; ͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͪ ͽͲͬ
ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͰΔͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ ͊;͵͹ͫͳ ͷͰΌ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͰͶͳͽ͹ͷ ;
̹ͳ͎ ͪͶͳͳ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ; ΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͭͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͰΔ̹ͪͳ̸͎͇͆͋ͺͪ͵ͽ;͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ
ͰͶͳͽͪͳͲ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͽ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͬͰͲ;ΒͰͲͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;ͽ͹Β͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͯ͹͵ͼͰͫ͹΃
Δͪ΂͵͹-΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪͲͪͶͪͱͰͲͪͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͰΔͰͽ͹ͷͼͪͬͰͲ;́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͷΔͰΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;
431
ͯͪͼͪͷ͹͹͵͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹̹ͳ͎;̸͇͆͋ͺͪ͵ͽ; ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ
Ͳͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵̹ͪͪΔͪ̈́;͵ͪ
2
͊ͬͳ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ ͼ; ͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΔͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪͶ͹ͳͷͰ΃ͪΔͰͽͲͬͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ ͽͪ͵͹
ͳ͸ͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹̽͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͷͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͪͽͪͳͲͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ
Βͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ΒͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͷͰΔͪ͹ͬ͹Γ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ Ͷͳ΃ͪͬͪ͹Γ;ͯͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳͻ͹͵ͫͰͲͼ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪ ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷͪͭͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͫ;ΘͰͽ͹ͷͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪ͹͸ͪ
ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ;ͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;̸͵ͽͰͻͳ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹
ͬͪͶͪͽͲͬͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͪͷ͹ͫͳͶͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ
ͬͰΕͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͊ͬͳ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͼ;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ;ͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹-
΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͳͫͶ͹͵ͳͻͪΒ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͈ͪͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͷͳͻͪ ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱͼ;
ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ Ͳͪ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͰ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͐ͳ͸ͳ ͼͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ̹ͳ͎ ͬͻͽͳ ; Ͳͪ΂ͪͻͪ͸͹ͷ
͵ͻ;ͭ; ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΒ; ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͪ ͫͰͲ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͳͶͪ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͽ͹ͭͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪΒͰ; ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔ;ͯͪ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͯͪͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ;ͳͷͪΒ;ͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰt͆Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼ;͵͹ͫͪ;̹ͳ͎ͺͻͬ͹ Βͪͼ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰͯͪͼ;͵͹ͫͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͪ͵ͽͰ
ͻͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͽΒͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͵
ͳͷͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ̽ͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͷ͹ͻͪͼͰͲ͸ͪͽͳ͵͹ͼͪ͵ͳͷͻͪͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͳ
͹ͫͰͼͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͋Ͱ͵͵ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͲΒͪͼ͸ͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͪ͵ͳͷ;
ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͼ;͵͹ͫͼͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳͯͪ͹͸ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰͪͶͽͰͻ
͸ͪͽͳͬ;;ͷͳͻ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͰΔ;i ͑Γ;͵ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͋Ͱ͵͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͽ͹ͭͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͳͰͶͳͽͰͼͬͪͽͻͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͺ͹΂͸;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͽͳ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͳͶͪ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ
͈͹ͼͽͻͪͽ͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;̹ͳ͎Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͼͽͻͺΓͳͬ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͰͶͳͽͪ ͼͬͪͽͻͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͲͪ
ͳͲͭͻͪΌͳͬͪΔͰͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͷͳͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͳͲͭͻͪΌͳͬͪΔͰͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ ͷͰΌ; Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ ; ̹ͳ͎ ͪ ͫͰͲ ͷͰ΃ͪΔͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳΕͰ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ ͳ ͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͈͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ΒͰ
;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱͯͪͫͳ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͪ ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͭͶͪ ͯͪ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯͰ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ̽͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͷͰ΃ͪΔͰ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹;ͬͰ͵ΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͪ;΁ͳΓ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ; ͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ; ͋͹ Ͳͪ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͪͼͳͷͰͽͻͳ΂͸͹ͭͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹-΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͭͳ
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ ͊ͽͬͪͻ͸ͪ ͼͶͳ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͸ͳ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ ͯͬͰ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ; ̹͹ͼ͸ͳ ͳ
2
IUUQGSPOUBMSTOBKOPWJKF-istrazivanje-gradjani-najvise-vole-snsd-i-bn-televiziju/
432
͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͼͪ ΔͰͷ; ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;Ε͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷ ͪ
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓ;ΒͰ ͬͰΕ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̺;͵͹ͳ΂ͳΕ ͠

̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ;̹ͳ͎ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͈͹ͶͳͽͰͪ,ͫͻ–
142.
̻͹ͪͽͳ ̺
͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ ;͉͊ͷͳΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈ͅͰ΂;ΒͶͳΕ
ͻͰͯ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
̻͹ͪͽͳ ̺
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ
;̾͸΁ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͯͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊ͪͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸ͪͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
%BISFOEPSG 3
$MBTTBOE$MBTT$POGMJDUJO*OEVTUSJBM4PDJFUZ-POEPO3PVUMFEHFBOE,FHBO
Paul Ltd.
Kozer, L. (2007). 'VOLDJKFESVØUWFOPHTVLPCB/PWJ4BE.FEJUFSSBOQVCMJTIJOH
̓͹΃ͪͻͪ΁ ̹ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ-͑͹΃͹ ̹
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹
ͬͳ͸ͳ ;͊͊Ͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͼͽͻ–
̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΈ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͼͻͺ
ͼ͵;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ-͑͹΃͹ ̹ ̓͹΃ͪͻͪ΁ ̹
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͳͷΒͰͻ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ
͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ;̺̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͣ͠ͳͻͳΕ ͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻ
ͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͡ ͊ͽΒͰͺͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ-̀ͪ΀ͪͻͳΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ ̽
͈Ͱͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ ;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͳ
ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͷͳͻͪͳͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ ;̹̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳΕͳ̺̽ͰΒ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͼͽͻ–

̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵ͪ̓Ͷ;ͫͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪ– ̽ͰͿͰ͸ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
͉ͳͼͽͳΕ ̈́
ͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻΒͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ; ̹͹ͼ͸ͳ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ; ̹
̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳΕͳ̺̽ͰΒ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵ͪ̓Ͷ;ͫͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪ
Ͷͪ΁ͪ– ̽ͰͿͰ͸ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
͋ͪͯͳΕ ͇
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;99ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99*
ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͷͪͭͳͼͽͪͻͼ͵ͪͽͰͲͪ
̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵͍ͪͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
͑Γ;͵ͳΕ ͊
̽ͬͪͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͼ;͵͹ͫͪ;̹ͳ͎ ;̹̓͹ͬͪ΂Ͱ
ͬͳΕͳ̺̽ͰΒ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵ͪ̓Ͷ;ͫͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪ–
̽ͰͿͰ͸ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
433
BISERKA R. KOŠARAC

SOME ASPECTS OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS IN POST -
%":50/#04/*""/%)&3;&(07*/"

SUMMARY
This paper will analyze some aspects of the basic types of social conflicts in the post-Dayton Bosnia and
)FS[FHPWJOB5IF history of conflicts in this country requires the consideration of different influences that
lead to social, national, religious, political and economic conflicts. Also, social conflicts will be interpreted in
the context of the continuing crisis that characterizes socio-QPMJUJDBMSFMBUJPOTJO#)*OUFSFUIOJDDPOGMJDUTBSF
represented as political aim for territorial controlling and governing, national identity and continuing con-
GMJDUTJOEFUFSNJOJOHGVUVSFPG#)%FTQJUFJOJUJBMDPNNJUNFOUUP&6JOUFHSBUJPOQSPDFTTFT#PTOJBBOE)Fr-
zegovina is characterized by continuing disintegration and numerous conflicts preventing the establishment
of socio-political, economic and cultural conditions for normal government system functioning.
,&:803%4 social conflicts, post-%BZUPO#PTOJBBOE)FS[FHPWJOB EJTJOUFHSBUJPO, EU integrations.
434
316.644-
316.644-
̸̸̻̽͆́̾̈́̓͌̈́́ͣ͠1
̸̸͊͆̾̿͆ ͅ. ̺̀̾͐̾́ͣ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ ; ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͼͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ
; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ, ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪ Ͳͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͳ ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽ
̸̸͈͇͇̹͉͇̺͌̈́͋́́͊̾͆͊͋͌̀͌͢ͅͅ
̸̸̸̸̻͇̹͇͉̺͇͈͇͉̺̈́̈́͆͊̾̽͊͋͊̀͌̾́͢ͅ
̸͇̺͈͉͇͆́̾͊̾͆͋
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͏ͳΓ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͹ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͵ͪ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͳͼͽͪ͵Ͷͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͳ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͼ ΁ͳΓͰͷ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͪ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ;
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ. ͌ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͼͰ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͹ͯ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͺͻͬ͹, ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ
ͬͪΔͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͹Β ͺͻ͹
ͿͰͼͳΒͳͯͻ;ͭ͹, ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ΒͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͸ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ; ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪͽͻͰΕͰ, Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ΒͰ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱ ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͶͰ͵ͪͻͪ. ̀ͪ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ΒͰ ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳ, ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͹ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ, ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ
ͳ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͳ,
͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒ;, ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ ;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;. ̸͸͵Ͱͽͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͼ; ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͺͻͬͰ ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͅͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ, ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͺͻͬͰ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪ
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͰ Ͳͪ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ; ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͶͰ͵ͪͻͳ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ. ͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ
͹ͬͰ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͼͰ͵ͪ, ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; ͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ,
ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β; ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ ͳ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ Ͳͪ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͪ͸
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͳ ͻͪͯ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;. ͆Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͽͳ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ, ͽͰ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΕͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ, ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͹ ͫ͹Γͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ;ͼͺͰ΀.
̓Γ;΂͸Ͱ ͻͰ΂ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ, ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹, ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ, ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ, ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
͇͉͇̺͉͋̾́͊̓́̓́͠
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ΃ͽͰ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;ͶͳͼͪΔͪ ͽͰͷͰ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ ͫͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ
͸ͳͬ͹ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͻ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
1
danijela.ignjatovic6@gmail.com

ͬͪΔͪ, ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͬͪΒ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸ ; ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͻͳ
ΒͰͻͪ ͳ ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔ; ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͭ ͼͺͰ͵ͽͻͪ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͳ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͳͼ; ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ, ΒͰͲͳ
΂͵ͳ/Ͷͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͬͰΕ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ; ͳ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪΔͰ ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͵͹ͭ͸ͳ
ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀, ͺͼͳ΀ͳ΂͵ͳ΀, Ͱͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ; ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵͹ͷ
͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ Ͳͪ ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͬ, ͪͶͳ ͳ Ͳͪ tͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͰi ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ;.
̽ͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͳ ͫͻͲͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;, ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͺͻͪΕͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͳ
;ͱ;ͻͫͪ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͸ͪ ͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ, ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͪͬͪΒ;, ͺͪ
΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ; Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͽͰ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͯͪ ͽͻͪͭͪΒ; Ͳͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳͷ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷ
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͷͪ, ͵͹Βͳ ΕͰ ͫͳͽͳ ;ͼ͵ͶͪΌͰ͸ͳ ͼ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ, ͪͶͳ ͳ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ. ͌ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ, ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ, ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ, ͹ͼͶͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ΒͰ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ ͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸
ͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸, ͯ͹ ͼͪͯͪ ΒͰ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͯͰͼͰͽ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ, ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͼͰ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼ; ͫͳͶͳ ͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪ͸ͳ ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸͹. ͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ,
͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ, ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ ; ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ, ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ; ͼͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ, ; ͼͷͳͼͶ; Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͪ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ
͵ͪ/ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ 3JDIBSET3PEHFST #SPXO
͇ͫΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͳ
ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ, ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ;͵Γ;΂;Β; ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͳ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪΔͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀
ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ/ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͺ͹ͯͳͱͰ ͼͰ ͸ͳͬ͹ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ, ͺͪ ͼͪͷͳͷ ͽͳͷ ͳ ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͼ
ͽͰ. ͈ͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔ;ΒͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͫͪͲͳͻͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͪ ͳ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪΔ; ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ (Copeand
,BMBOU[JT #MBHPKFWJǀ i Kuliǀ, 2013, ͼͽͻ,VMJǃand Blagojeviǃ, 2017, ͼͽͻ.

͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ; ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͳͶͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͹ͯ 1994.
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ, ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ ͳͲ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͹͵;ͺͳͶͪ ; ͷͪͶ͹ͷ ͷͰͼͽ; ͢; ̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸, ;
̸;ͼͽͻͪͶͳΒͳ, ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͳͶͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ Ͳͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ͷ ͬͻͼͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪ
ͬͰ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͼ ΁ͳΓͰͷ ͻͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ.͌ ͽ͹Β ͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͳ
ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ͼͰ ͯ͹ ͸͹ͬͰ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͰ (ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ), ͵ͪ͵͹ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ; ̓͹;ͺ ͳ ̓ͪͶͰ͸΁ͳͼ (2000, ͼͽͻ. 7), ; ͵͹Β͹Β
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ΃Ͱͼͽ ͲͪͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͸ͪ Ͷͳ͸
ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹, ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸͹, ͪ;ͯͳ͹, ͭͰͼͽ͹ͬ͸͹ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͷ;Ͷͽͳͷ͹ͯͪͶ͸ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ
΂ͰΔͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β; ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ ͺͰͽ ͬͳͯ͹ͬͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ. ͇ͯͪͫͻͪ͸ ΒͰ ͹ͬͪΒ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸, ͳͼͽͳ΂;
̓͹;ͺ ͳ ̓ͪͶͰ͸΁ͳͼ (2000, ͼͽͻ. 8), ΒͰͻ ͹͸ ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ͯͬͪ ͬͪͱ͸ͪ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͬͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͪ ͳ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬa (jeͲͳ΂͵ͳ, ͭͰͼͽ͹ͬ͸ͳ, ͪ;ͯͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ,
ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ, ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵; ͳ Ͷͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵; ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ
͸͹ͼͽ (ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͳ ͼͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͳ ͬͪͻͳͻͪΒ; ; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ
͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ, ͳ ͳͷͪΒ; ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ ͵͹ͭ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ, ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ). ͌ ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;
ͼ ͹ͬͳͷ, ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ ͫͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯͰ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸ͪ ; ͵͹ͭ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ;,
΃ͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵;ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ, ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;.
͈ͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͫͶͳͼ͵͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ ͼͪ ͼͰͷͳ͹ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ ͹ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪ, ͹ ΂Ͱͷ; ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͳͶͳ ͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͺͳ΃; ̸͸ͼͽͳ ͳ ̹;Ͷ, ̓ͻͰͷ΃ ͳ ͍ͳͲ (Anstèy&Bull,
2006, ͼͽͻ ,SBNTDI ͼͽͻ'FF[ ͼͽͻ. 68). ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͹ͬͳͷ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ, ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸ͪ
436
̓͌̈́́ͣ ̺̀̾͐̾́ͣͅ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ
͹ͼ͹ͫͪ; ͼͽͪΔ; ΒͰ ͯͪ ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ ͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵Ͱ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͰͶͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ (ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ
ͳ ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵, ͭͻͪͷͪͽͳ͵ͪ, ͶͰ͵ͼͳ͵ͪ, ͼͽͳͶ͹ͬͳ
ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ (ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱ ͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱ ͼͶͳ
͵Ͱ/;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͫ͹Βͪ, ͽͪͫͰͶͪ, ͯͳΒͪͭͻͪͷͪ
ͪ;ͯͳͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ (ͷ;Ͳͳ͵ͪ ͳ Ͳͬ;΂͸ͳ ͰͿͰ͵ͽͳ/ͬͳͼͳ͸ͪ ͽ͹͸ͪ/ͭͶͪͼͪ,
ͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͪ, ͻͳͽͪͷ
ͭͰͼͽ͹ͬ͸ͳ (ͳͲͻͪͲͳ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͽͰͶͪ/;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͫͻͲͳ΀ ͳ ͼͺ͹ͻͳ΀ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ

ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ (ͳͲͭͶͰͯ ͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͳ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ/ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ, ͻͪͲͯͪΓͳ͸Ͱ, ͼͷͰͻͪ).
͇ͼͳͷ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ, ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ/ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͫͳ, ; ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ; ͵͹Βͳ ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵͹Β ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ ͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
ͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ ;΂ͰΔͪ, ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͽͳ ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ, 2. ͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸Ͱ, 3. ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͼ͵Ͱ, 4. ͵ͻͳͽͳ
΂͵Ͱ (Macken-)PSBSJDL
͈͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ΁ͳΓͰͬͪ ͼ ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͽͰͷͰ/ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͳͲ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ;ͭͶ͹ͬͪ, ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ΃ͳ ͹ͯ Ͳͯͻͪͬ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͼ͵͹ͭ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ, ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ ͸Ͱ͵; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ, ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͪ ͽ͹ͭ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ; ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ
͹͵ͬͳͻ;, ͯ͹ ͼͪͱͳͷͪΔͪ ͼͬͳ΀ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͪ. ͇ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ ͳ͸ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹
;΂ͰΔͰ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼ; ͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ ͳ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰ ͳ ͯͰͶͪΔͰ ͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ ; ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;, ͵͹ΒͰ Β͹΃ ;ͬͰ͵ ͪͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹Ϳͳͻͪ ͳ ͸ͪͭͻͪΌ;ΒͰ ͺ;͵;
ͻͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ, ͺͪ ͼͰ ͳͲ ͽ͹ͭ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͯͪͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ
ͳͲ ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͸ͳͼ; ; ͼͽͪΔ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼ͸ͪΌ; ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;, ͽͰ ͳͷ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹
ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͰ ͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳͷ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͷͰͼͽͪ. ͈ͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͷ;ͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ, ͺͻͰͷͪ ͽ͹ͷͰ, ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͰ ͯͪͪ) ͫ;ͯ; ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳ ͳ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ ͻͪͯͫ)
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ; ͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͬͻͼͽͰ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͬ) ͫ;ͯ; ; ͼͽͪΔ; ͯͪ ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͳ΃; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
ͬͻͼͽͪͷͪ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͭ) ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΒ; ͼͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͯ) ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ; ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽ ;
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ, ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͳ Ͷͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͯ͹ͷͰ͸; ͳ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΒ; ͼͰ ; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪΌ)
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β; ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͵ͪ͹ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ (Anstèy&Bull, 2006, ͼͽͻ. 19).
̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͻͪͯ; ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͺ͹Βͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ, ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ
͸͹ͼͽ, ΒͰͼͽͰͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹. ͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸ ΒͰ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͰ͸ͼ ͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͬ;΂Ͱ ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶͪ ͼ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ
͵͹ͷ, ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸, ͼͽͪͫͳͶͪ͸ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ, ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͼͪͷ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹, ͪͶͳ ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ/ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ (͸͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͪ), ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ΃ͳͻͳ ͯͳΒͪͺͪͲ͹͸ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ ͳ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͳΒͳ ΒͰ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ;, ΒͰͻ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ͸ͪͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͼͽ/ͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͹ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ.
̾ͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ 1887. ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵, ͼ ͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;
Εͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; Γ;ͯͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ 1BUUFSTPO)VGG
͢Ͱͭ͹ͬ ͽͬ͹ͻͪ΁, ̈́.
̈́;ͯ͹ͬͳ͵ ̀ͪͷͰ͸΀͹Ϳ (L. Ludovic Zamenhof), ͱͰͶͰ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ
ͫͳ͹ Ͷͪ͵ Ͳͪ ;΂ͰΔͰ, ͪ ͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ͹ͯ ͻͰ΂ͳ ͼͪ ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ ; ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ (Zamen-
hof, ; Kiselman, 2008, ͼͽͻ. 39–
2. ̀ͪͷͰ͸΀͹Ϳ ΒͰ ͳͷͪ͹ ͳͯͰΒ; ͯͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳͷ ΕͰ Γ;ͯͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ
2
̀ͪͷͰ͸΀͹Ϳ ΒͰ ;ͲͰ͹ Ͷͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; Ͳͪ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ΒͰͻ ͼͰ ; ͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ Ͷͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹
ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷͺͻͰͼͽͳͱͪ̓͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪ͹ͭͪΒͰͼͪ΀ͰͫͻͰΒͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳ͹͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ͸ ͋onkin, ; Waxman,

͇ͻͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ΒͰ Ϳ͹͸Ͱͽͼ͵ͪ – ͼͬͰ ͻͰ΂ͳ ͼͰ ͺͳ΃; ͹͸ͪ͵͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͳͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ; ͉Ͱ΂ͳ ͼͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ; ͹ͯ
͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵̻ͪͻͪͷͪͽͳ͵ͪΒͰͬͻͶ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͪͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ
– ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ΁ͳͻͰ΂ͳͲͪͳͷͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺͻͳͯͰͬͰͳͭͶͪͭ͹ͶͰ́ͷͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͻ͹ͯ ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͳͪ
ͷ͸͹ͱͳ͸; ͼͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪͼͪ ͹Β
͊ͬͳͭͶͪͭ͹Ͷͳ ͼ;ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͸ͳ ͳͳͷͪΒ; ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͳͪͼͬͪ͵͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͳͶͳ
437
΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͷͪͽͰͻΔͳ΀ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;, ͪ ͯͪ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͲͪͯͻͱͰ ͳ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱ ͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ. ͋͹͸͵ͳ͸3 (͋onkin, ; Waxman, 2016) ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͯͪ ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ ͼ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒ͹ͷ
ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪ ͳ ͺͻͬͳ΀ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ, ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹
ͺ͹΃ͽͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͰ ͳ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ ͽͰͶͰͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͰ, ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͫͪ΃ ͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͻͪ͸͹ͭ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ, ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ XX ͬͰ͵ͪ. ͊ͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
XX ͬͰ͵ͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͸;͹ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ͳ Ͳͪ;ͲͰ͹ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ
ͽ͹ͭͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͫͳ͹ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͪ. ͉ͪͲͶ͹ͭ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ; ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹
ͼͽͳ, ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ; ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͯͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͳ΂ͳΒͳ ͷͪͽͰͻΔͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͲͬͪ͸ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ 1BUUFSTPO)VGG
͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͳ͹ Ͳͪͳͼͽͪ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸, ΒͰͻ ͼ; ͸ͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱ ͻͰ΂ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪͶͰ ͳ ΃ͳͻͳͶͰ ͼͰ. ͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ ΔͰͷ;, Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ, ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ, Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͪ, ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪ, ͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ, ͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͪ, ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͷͳͶͳ
ΒͪͻͯͰ Γ;ͯͳ, ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ Γ;ͯͳ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹,
ͷͪͯͪ ͹ͬͪΒ ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸Ͳͪͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͬͰ΂ͳͽͳ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͳ ͸Ͱ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌ;Β; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ (ͪ͠niǁiǀ, 2009)4. ͌ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭ Βͪ΂ͪΔͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ
ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ, ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ΒͰ ͯ͹ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͪ, ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵, ͳͲͷͰΌ;
͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ, ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ. ́Ͳ ͽ͹ͭ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͬͰΕͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͼͪΒͽ͹ͬͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͸ͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵;, ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ
ͷͪΔͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͹͸ͳ΀ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͸ͪͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ;. ́ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹ ; ͫͳ΁ͳ ͼ
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ, ͳͺͪ͵ ͼͪͷͪ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ; ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ, ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ͭ
ͳ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͭ ; ͼͬͳͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ, ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ
͵Ͱ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͵͹Βͳ ͬͰͻ;Β; ͯͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯ Ͷͳ͸ͭͬͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ.
̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͻͪͯ; ͵ͪ͹ ͸͹ͬͳͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹, ΒͰͲͳ͵
͸ͪͯͰ, Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͷͰΌ; ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͳ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀ ͵͹ͶͰͭͪ
͵͹Βͳ ͼ; Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳͶͳ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ, ;ͽͬͻͯͳͶͳ ͼͷ͹;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰ
ͯͰ͸͹ ; ͷͪΒ; 2017. ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͷ ͳ ͅͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ; ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ,
͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͷͰΌ; ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ ͶͰ͵ͪͻͳͷͪ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳͷͪ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ.

ͼͽͪΔͰ ͈͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ ΂Ͷͪ͸ &ODZDMPQæEJB #SJUBOOJDB ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ httpswww.britannica.com/
topic/Esperanto).
3
͉ͪͲͬ͹Β͹ͬ͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͺͻͪͽͳͶͰͼ;ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͺͻ͹Ͳ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͱͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͳͯͻͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸ΒͰ͸ͪͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ;̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ΕͪͳͼͬͰͽͶͰͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͰ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͹ͬͪΒΒͰͲͳ͵
͸ͪͯͰΒͰͳͺͪ͵ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰ͹͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ΒͰͲͳ͵;͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͷͪͼͬ͹Β;ͯͻͱͪͬ; ͼͬ͹Β
Ͱͽ͸͹ͼ ͳͪ͵͹ͼͰΔͳͷͰΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͺͳ΃Ͱ̺ͰͶͳ͵̹ͪͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪΒͰͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒ͹ͷͼͳͶͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;Ͷͪͳ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͺ͹ͫͰͯ; ;ͫͳ΁ͳͼͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹Ͳͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ – ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͷ (Janiǁiǃ
2009).
4
̽ͳͷͳͽͻͳΒͰͪ͠͸ͳ΂ͳΕΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊ͪͬͰͲͪͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͳͼͽͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͻͰ΂͸ͳ͵ͪ4FSCBesperantavortaro ͳ̾ͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͻͰ΂͸ͳ͵ͪEsperantaserbavortaro.
438

̸̸͉̺͇́͊͋̿́̾̓͆͢͏͈͈͇͈͉͈̺̾͋͌̈́͋́́͊̾͆͊͋́́̀̾͊̾̓͋́̾͊͋͌ͅͅ
̸̸͈͎͇͇̻̽̾͆͋͊́̈́́̾́̾̽́͠ͅ͏́͆̾

͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ΁ͳΓͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽ ͻͪͯͪ ΒͰ ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͼͺ͹
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ ͺ;ͽͰͷ ͪ͸͵ͰͽͳͻͪΔͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ.
͏ͳΓ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ, ͵͹Βͳ
ͷͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͽͻ;΂͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ, ͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪΒ; ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ ; ͵͹Β͹Β ͷͰͻͳ
͹ͬͪΒ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ, ͺͻͰͷͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;, ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔ;, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͽ͹ ͯͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹
͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ (MJOHVBGSBODB MJOHVBNVOEJ
ͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ ͺͻͰ
ͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹;.
͌ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͼͰ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͹ͯ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳ
1. ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͹Β ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ
2. ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ΒͰͼͽͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͸ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ; ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ
3. Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ΒͰ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱ ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͶͰ͵ͪͻͪ.
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ

̀ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ΒͰ ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳ, ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͹ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ
΁ͳͷͪ, ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͽͻͳ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͪͺͻͬͳ ͯͰ͹ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͽͻͰΕͳ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ ͺ͹ͼͬͰ
ΕͰ͸ ;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͶͰ͵ͪͻͪ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ. ͌ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͽͰͼͽ ͼͪͷ͹
ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ, ͹ͯ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͼͰ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͷ/ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷ Ͳͪ͹
͵ͻ;ͱͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͺ͹͸;ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ.
̸͸͵Ͱͽͳͻͪ͸͹ ΒͰ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͺͻͬͰ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͅͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ (͇ͯͼͰ͵ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͶͰ͵ͪͻͪ
ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͻͪͯͰ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ. ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒ; ͺͻͰ
ͼͰ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ ͯ͹ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͼͰ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͼ; ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; ͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳ͹
͸Ͱ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ SPSS ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ Ͳͪ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵; ͹ͫͻͪͯ; ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ.
͇ͬͯͰ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͳ ; ͪ͸͵ͰͽͳͻͪΔ; ;΂ͳͶͳ
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͼͻͰͯΔͰͭ ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͸ͪ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;. ͠ͰͲͳ͵
ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱ, ͵ͪ͵͹ ͭͪ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;, ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ ͈̾͊, ΒͰͼͽͰ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ; ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͷͰ͸Ͱ,
Ͳͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱ, ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ Ͳͪ ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͪͻͰ, Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ
439
ΒͰͲͳ͵ Ͳͪ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ, Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͰ, ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰ, ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͰ, ͭͻͪΌͰͬͳ͸΁Ͱ, ΃ͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͯͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ͹ͯ ͹ͬͳ΀
ͬͪͻͳΒͰͽͰͽͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ; ͼͰͫͳ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͷ͹ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ, ͪͶͳ ͳ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸; ͶͰ͵ͼͳ͵;
(ͻͰ΂ͳ ͳ ͿͻͪͲͰ), ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸; ͼͽͻ;͵;. ͆ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͵;ͻͼͰͬͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͼͰ ͳ ͬͪͻͳͻͪΒ; ; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ, ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ, ͽͳͺͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ, ͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ/ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ. ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ/ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͹ͬͪΒ ͵;ͻͼ/ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ ͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪΒ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͹ͯ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ ͵͹Β; ͫͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳͽͳ, ΒͰͻ ͳͷͪΒ; ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳΒͳ ͳ ͬͪͱ
͸ͳΒͳ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͸ͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͵;ͻͼ ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ. ͅ͹ͽͳͬͳ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ/;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͼͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͼͰ ; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β ͷͰͻͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;. ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͼͪ ͸Ͱͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪͽͰ
ͯͪͻͪ/Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ͼ; Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͳ͸Ͳͳ΂͸͹ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͳ, ΒͰͻ ͱͰͶͰ ͯͪ Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱ ͼͪ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͹ͷ (ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ ͳͼͺͳͽ /
ͯ͹ͫͳΒ; ͯ͹ͫͻ; ͹΁Ͱ͸;), ͯ͹͵ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β; ͳ͸ͽͻͳ͸Ͳͳ΂͸; ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒ; (ͬͻͶ͹
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͽͳͬ͸; ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸;), ΒͰͻ ΒͰ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ
ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓ, ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼ; ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͶͳ ͳͲ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͫ;ͯͪ.

̀͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͺ͹Βͷͪͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ
̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼ; ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͼ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ͳͲ ͽͪͫͰͶͰ 1, ;
͵͹Β͹Β ΒͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ 74% ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯ͸͹, ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͷͪΔͳ ͫͻ͹Β, 24% ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ
͵ͪ, ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ͯͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ ͼ ͹ͬͳͷ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹ͷ.
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔe ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ

5BCMF Understanding the multiliteracy concept
͌͵;ͺ͸͹
̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ̽ͪ 74%
ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͆Ͱ 26%
͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͫͻ; ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͺ͹Βͷ;, ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ, ΂ͳͷͰ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͺͻͪΕͰΔͰ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹
ͼͽͳ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;.
̾ͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ;
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
̓ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ͳͲ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ; ͽͪͫͰͶͳ 2, ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ (76,7% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 70–100%) ͳ ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ (60,7% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 70–100%) ΒͰͼ; ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ, ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ
ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ (44% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 40–70% ͳ 24,7% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 70–100%) ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ ΃ͽͪͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ (44% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 40–70% ͳ – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 70–100%). ͉ͪͯͳ͹ (63,3% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 10–30%)
ΒͰͼͽͰ ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ ͷͰͯͳΒ ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ.
440
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈ͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸a Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
5BCMF Average presence of various forms of media in respondents’ lives
̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ ; ͻͪͯͳΒͪ ; ͱͳͬ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳ΀
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͽ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͷͻͰͱͪ ; ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ;
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
10–30% 31,3% 63,3% 2% 14% 40,7%
40–70% 44% 26,7% 21,3% 44%
70–100% 24,7% 10% 76,7% 60,7%
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͳ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͼ; ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͳ Ͳͪͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ ͸ͪΒͪ͵
ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳΒͳ, ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͷͰΌ; ͷͶͪΌ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ. ͉Ͱ΂ ΒͰ ͹ ͷ;ͶͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͺͻ;
ͱͪΒ; ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͸ͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ, ͻͪͯͳΒͪ ͳ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳ
Βͪ. ́͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ΒͰ ΀ͳͺͰͻͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰ, ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͷͪ ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;, ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ ͼ; ͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀
ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ. ͇͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳ
Βͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ, ͵ͪ͵͹ ͲͪͺͪͱͪΒ; ͅͰͯͪ͵ͼ, ͦ͹͸ͼ͹͸ ͳ ̺ͳͶͳͼ (Maddux, Johnson&Willis,
2001, ͼͽͻ. 3), ΒͰͼͽͰ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͭ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͯͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͱͰͶͳ ͳ ͵ͪͯͪ
ͱͰͶͳ, ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͹͸Ͱ ͫ;ͯ; ͬͳͯΓͳͬͰ Ͳͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸Ͱ Γ;ͯͳ, ΃ͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͯͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͪͼͳͬ͸ͳ
͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͸;ͯͰ, ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ ͼ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒ͹ͷ, ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ. ͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β; ͼͪͷ͹ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ, ͪͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ; ͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͯͪ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ ; ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔ; ͺͻ͹
ͭͻͪͷͪ. ̀ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͹ͯ Δͳ΀, ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂; ͳ ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪΒ; ͯͬ͹ͼͷͰͻ͸; ͳ
ͬͳ΃ͰͼͷͰͻ͸; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;.
̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
͆ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ; ͽͪͫͰͶͳ 3, ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ (64,7% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 70–100%) ΒͰͼͽͰ ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;
ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͳ ͷͰͯͳΒ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;. ̀ͪͽͳͷ ͼͶͰͯͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ (34,7% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 70–100%) ͳ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ
͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ (48,7% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 40–70%), ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ͷͰͻͳ. ͉ͪͯͳ͹ (80,7% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 10–
30%) ͳ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ (63,3% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 10–30%) ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͼ; Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;.
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈ͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸a Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
5BCMF Average presence of various forms of media in education
̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ ; ͻͪͯͳΒͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳ΀
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; Ͳ͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͷͻͰͱͪ ; ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ;
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
10–30% 63,3% 80,7% 3,3% 33,3% 42%
40–70% 31,3% 13,3% 32% 32% 48,7%
70–100% 6% 64,7% 34,7% 9,3%
441
́͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ, ͵ͪ͹ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒ, ΒͰͼͽͰ ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͳ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͺͻ͹
ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔ;, ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β ͷͻͰͱͳ, ͫ͹ͭͪͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ΃ͽ; ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻ
ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ, ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ ͯͰ͹ ͸ͪ΃Ͱ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬͳ΁Ͱ. ͉Ͱ΂ ΒͰ ͹ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ; ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸;ͯͳ ͸ͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͳͬͰ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ. ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ/ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͭͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͶͳ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ, ͬͰΕ ͳ ͯͪ ͫͳ
ͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ ͬͪͱ͸Ͱ, ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ;ͻͪͯͳͶͳ ; Ϳ͹ͻ
ͷͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͳͶͳ ͬͪ͸ ΔͰͭͪ (Madduxetal., 2001, ͼͽͻ. 78).
̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͪ;ͯͳ͹ ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͪ;ͯͳ͹-ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
͊ͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ; ͽͪͫͰͶͳ 4, ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ, ͺ͹ͼͽͰͻͳ ͳ
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ (40% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 70–100%) ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͪ ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͫ;ͯ;
Ε͹Β ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ. ̽ͳΒͪͭͻͪͷͳ, ͭͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ͳ (40,7% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 40–70%) ͳ ͬͳͯͰ͹-ͼ͸ͳͷ΁ͳ (41,3% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸
40–70%) ΒͰͼ; ͪ;ͯͳ͹-ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͪ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ͷͰͻͳ. ̸;ͯͳ͹-ͼ͸ͳͷ΁ͳ
– ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 10–30%) ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͼ; Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͪ ͪ;ͯͳ͹-ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;.
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈ͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸a Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͪ;ͯͳ͹, ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͪ;ͯͳ͹-ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;

5BCMF Average presence of audio, visual and audio-visual aspects in education
̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ
̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͼͶͳ͵ͪ, ͺ͹ͼͽͰͻͪ,
ͯͳΒͪͭͻͪͷͪ, ͭͻͪͿͳ ͬͳͯͰ͹-ͼ͸ͳͷͪ͵ͪ ; ͪ;ͯͳ͹-ͼ͸ͳͷͪ͵ͪ ;
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ;
͵͹͸ͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
10–30% 22% 32,7% 26,7%
40–70% 38% 40,7% 41,3% 32,7%
70–100% 40% 26,7% 32,0% 16,0%
̀ͫ͹ͭ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͪ ͶͰ͵ͪͻͪ, ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ
ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳ ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͳͲ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;Β; ͳ ΃ͽ͹ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͱ;,
͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͼͶͳ͵ͪ, ͺ͹ͼͽͰͻͪ ͳ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ;
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͹Β ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ. ̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ͳ ͳ ͯͳΒͪͭͻͪͷͳ ͼ; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ ͫͻ͹Βͪ ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳ΀ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ
(ͼͰͷͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ, ͷͪͼͽͰͻ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ, ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ ͳͽͯ.), ͪ ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ ͼ; ͯͰ͹ ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ;
ͯ͹ͷͰ͸; ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ. ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͯͳΒͪͭͻͪͷͳͷͪ ͳ ͭͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ͳͷͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ, ͳͼͽͳ΂; ͷ͸͹ͭͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ
ͫͪͬͰ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͳ ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ (PPEXZO )PXF

͌ͫͻͲͪ͸ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͳ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͸;Ͷͳ
ͼ; ͪ;ͯͳ͹-ͼ͸ͳͷ͵Ͱ ͳͲ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͻͪͯͳ͹ ͳͲ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ. ́ͪ͵͹ ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ
ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͻͪͯͳ͹ ͳ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵ͳͼ͸ͳͷ΁ͳ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͽͳ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔ; ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͸ͪͶͳ͵
ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ; ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ, ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔ; ͶͰ͵ͼͳ͵Ͱ, ͭͻͪͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ
442
ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ, ͹ͬͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;, ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͺͪͼͳͬ͸Ͱ ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ ͵͹Β; ;΂Ͱ
͸ͳ΁ͳ/ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͳͷͪΒ;, ͫͳͶ͹ ͯͪ ͼ; ;͸;ͽͪͻ ͳͶͳ ͳͲͬͪ͸ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ (Bligh, 1978, ͼͽͻ

̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
͈ͻͰͷͪ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ (ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ (69,3% – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 70–100%)
Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͹ͯ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ – ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ 40–70%) ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ, ͳͪ͵͹
ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ ͯͪ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͬͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ.
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;

5BCMF Presence of verbal and nonverbal communication in education
̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;

͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
10–30% 28,7% 6%
40–70% 24,7%
70–100% 21,3% 69,3%

ͅͰ΀ͻͪͬͳΒͪ͸ (Mehrabian, 1972), ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ; ̓ͪͶͳͿ͹ͻ͸ͳΒͪ, ; ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͵ΔͳͲͳ
͆ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͬͻͼͽͰ ͼͳͭ͸ͪͶͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ;
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ Γ;ͯͳͷͪ ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͬͻͼͽͪͽͳ ; ͽͻͳ ͭͻ;ͺͰͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ (ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹
ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͳͷͪ, ͳͲͻͪͲͳͷͪ Ͷͳ΁ͪ, ͿͻͳͲ;ͻ͹ͷ, ͹ͯͰΕ͹ͷ, ͯͻͱͪΔͰͷ ͽͰͶͪ – ;ͽͳ΂; ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΃; ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ
΁ͳΒ;
ͬ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ (ͽ͹͸ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͭͶͪͼͪ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ; 38%) ͳ ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͳ (ͻͰ΂ͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ
ͷ͹ ;ͽͳ΂; ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΃; ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ; ͼͪͷ͹ 7%).
͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ ͸ͳͼ; ͼͬͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ ͸ͳͽͳ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͼͪ ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳͷ
ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ, ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ ͯͰ͹ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ. ͆ͰͬͰͻ
ͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͸ͰͼͬͰͼ͸ͪ. ͈;ͽͰͷ ΔͰ Γ;ͯͳ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ; Ͱͷ͹΁ͳΒͰ.
͇͵͹ 93% ;ͽͳͼ͵ͪ ͼͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ͫͪͲͳ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ, ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ 7% ͸ͪ ͫͪͲͳ ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͪ.
͆Ͱ͵ͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ 80% Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ; ͽ͹͵; ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͯͬͰ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ ͳͯͰ
͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͰ, ΃ͽ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͯͪ ͼͪͷ͹ 20% ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͷͪ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͸ͪ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ
ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ (Novoselac, 2013, ͼͽͻ–

́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ
͌ ͯͰͶ; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͼͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͰͷ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹
ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͲͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ ͳ ͼͽͰͻͰ
͹ͽͳͺͳ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͰ.
443
͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ 1͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ
΁ͳΒ; ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͹Β ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ.
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ Ͳͪ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ, ͹ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ

ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹
5BCMF Respondents’ attitudes toward the need for universal language, understanding English langu-
age and multiliteracy as the substitute for esperanto
̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ̾͠* ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ
͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ͸͹ͼͽ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸
͵͹Βͳͷ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͶͪ ͽ͹
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
̽ͪ 78,7% 79,3%
͆Ͱ 21,3% 20,7% 24,7%
*EJ – Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵
͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳ ; ͽͪͫͰͶͳ 6 ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ

ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͶͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ
͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ
͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹.̀ͫ͹ͭ ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ (ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ, ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͳ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ,
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ, ͪ;ͯͳ͹, ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͪ ͳ ͪ;ͯͳ͹-ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͼͶ.), ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͳͼͽͳ΂; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͼͪ ΁ͳΓͰͷ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪΔͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͰΕ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͳ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͷ͹ͭͶͪ ͫͳͽͳ
ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹.
͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ ̓͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ΒͰͼͽͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͸ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ; ͺͻͰͬͪ

ͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ.
́ͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ, ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ; ͫ;ͯ;
Ε͹Β ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͬͪͱ͸͹, ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ 80% Δͳ΀ ͷͳ΃
ΓͰΔͪ ͯͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͫͳͽͳ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ.
444
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ

5BCMF Respondents’ attitudes toward transcending cultural barriers
̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ ͯͪ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ ͯͪ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͼͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͷͰΌ; ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͫ;ͯͰ ͸͹ͼͽ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͳ ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΒ; ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ ͹ͺͼͽͪ
ͲͪΔͰ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ; ͫ;ͯ;Ε͹Β ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͸ͪ͵ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
̽ͪ 78,7% 71,3% 20% 67,3%
͆Ͱ 21,3% 28,7% 80% 32,7%

͆ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ. ͅ͸͹ͭͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ, ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͎͹ͶͳͯͰΒͪ )PMMZEBZ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ; ͬͰͲͳ
ͼ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͳ ͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷ (͸Ͱ)͸ͪͷͰͻ͸ͳͷ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͸ͪͯ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͸ͰͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ. ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺͪͱΓͳ
ͬ͹ ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͳ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ, ͽ͹ ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͽͳ ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͷ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔ; ͳ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔ;, ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳΒ;,
ͪ ͼͬͳ ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͯͰ͹ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͲͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ, ͽͰ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͳͼ; ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ ; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ. ͅ;Ͷͽͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͰ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ, ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ, ͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ; ͺ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͯ;ͼ
ͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;. ͇ͬͪ͵ͬͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪͲͬͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͰͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͼ ͳͶͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͭͻͪͯ, ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͰͶͪ, ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ, ͺͻͳͼ͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; ΒͰͯͳ͸͵ͳ. ̽ͪͫ͹ͬͳΕ (Daboviǀ, 1998) ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ ͯͪ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ Ͱͷ͹
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ, ͸ͳͽͳ ͯ͹ ͺͻ;ͱͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱ, ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ ;
ͺͻͳͷͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͼͰͶ;, ͬͰΕ ͼͰ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ, ;Ͳ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͼͺͰ΁ͳ
Ϳͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͱͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ, ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ Ͳͪ ͭͻͪͯͼ͵; ͼͻͰͯͳ͸;.
͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ΒͰ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱ ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͶͰ͵ͪͻͪ.

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;/ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ
5BCMF Respondents’ attitudes toward the knowledge of English language in education/ profession
̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ̾͠ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ̾͠ ͹ͷ͹ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ̾͠ ̽ͪ Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ̾͠
ͬͪͱͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͬͰΕ; ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͫ͹ΓͰ ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ;
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͹Β ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ
̽ͪ 96,7% 100% 84,7% 80,7%
͆Ͱ 3,3% 0% 19,3%

͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ ; ͽͪͫͰͶͳ 8 ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ
͸ͰͳͲͷͰͻͪ͸ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ̾͠ ͬͪͱͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ, ͽΒ. ΁Ͱ͹ ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ ͹ͯ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ, ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
ͯͪ ̾͠ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͬͰΕ; ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͯͪ ̾͠ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ
ͫ͹ΓͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ̾͠ ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ;
ͫ;ͯ;Ε͹Β ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ. ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͼ; ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ, ͪͶͳ
͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳ ͽ͹ͭ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ (ͽͪͫͰͶͪ 9), ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ͹͸ͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ
;ͷͰͻͰ͸͹, ͷͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͯͪ ΕͰ ͯ͹ ͵ͻͪΒͪ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ, ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͺ͹ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽ͵;, ͳ ͽͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳͽͳ ; ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͯͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͬͻ΀Ͱ.
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸͹Β ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;/ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ

5BCMF Respondents’ attitudes toward the average use of English language in education/profession
͌͵;ͺ͸͹
10–30% 22%
͌ ͵͹Β͹Β ͷͰͻͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͰ ̾͠ ; ͼͬ͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
40–70%
ͬͪΔ;/ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ
70–100% 20,7%
͆ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ; ͽͪͫͰͶͳ 9, ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͯͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ 40–70%,

ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͵͹ͯ 20,7% ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ 70–100%, ΃ͽ͹ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ
ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͹ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͼͽͻ;͵; (ͽͪͫͰͶͪ 9).
̹;ͯ;Εͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͬͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͯ͹ͼͽ;
ͺͪ͸ ͸ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵;, ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ΒͰ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ ͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͯͪ ͳͷ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵
͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͫ͹ΓͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱ, ͪ ; ͳͼͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ΒͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͳ ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ. ̺ͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ΒͰ ͸ͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵;. ͈ͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ ͶͰ͵ͪͻͪ ͳ ͺͼͳ
΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ; ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻͪΕͰΔͰ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͳ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ; ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ, ͽͰ Ͳͪͽ͹ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΒ;
͸͹ͬͰ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ ͳ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽͪ, ΂ͳΒͪ ͼ; ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΕͪ
ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͪ ͸ͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ, ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪ
Ͷͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ.

́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹
ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͪͼͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸͹ͷ͹΁Ͱ͸͹ͷ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ
͉ͪͯͳ ͯ͹ͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ ͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͪ
ͽͪ͵ͪ, ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ͵ͪͷͪ, ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͳ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͪ ͼ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸͹ͷ ͹΁Ͱ͸͹ͷ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ. ͊ͽͪͻ͹ͼͽ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͫͳͶͪ ΒͰ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; 18 ͳ 60 ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ(AS 4% 9,39), ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͪ ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͫͳͶͪ ΒͰ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; 3,00 ͳ "4 4% 0,48).
446

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͹ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ, ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͷ

ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͳ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽͪ ͼ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸͹ͷ ͹΁Ͱ͸͹ͷ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ
5BCMF Correlation of attitudes toward multiliteracy, cultural differences, universal language and
understanding English and multiliteracy as Esperanto with age and grade average at high school
͈ͻ͹ͼͰ͵ ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ;
͊ͽͪͻ͹ͼͽ
ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ
͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͈ͅ ,040 -,147
͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͲͶ. ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ –
- ,048
ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ
̺ͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ -,131
̺ͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
- ,002
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͰ
**p 0.01, *p
̽͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ,093 ,162*
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
͈͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ
,019 ,107
;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
̾͠ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ ,040 ,189*
ͅ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͹ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ
- -
ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹
̓͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ ͸;ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͳ, ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͪ

͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ, ͼͪ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͷ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ, ;ͻͪΌͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͼ ͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ ͯͪ Ͷͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͲͷͰΌ; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ ͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͳ. ̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ ͼ; ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ.
x ͆Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͸ͪ

ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͹ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔ; ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͹ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ, Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ, ͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͹ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹
ͲͪͷͰ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹. ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ ͹ͼͬͻ͸Ͱͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͹ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ; ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ (ͽͪͫͰͶͪ 1, ͽͪͫͰͶͪ 6, ͽͪͫͰͶͪ 7), ͫͰͲ ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ, ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͳ ;
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵;, ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ Δͳ΀, ͽΒ. ; ͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵; ͯͪͶͪΒͰ ͳͼͽͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ, ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ ͽͻͳ ΂Ͱͽͬͻ
ͽͳ͸Ͱ ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪ. ̺ͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹ ͳ ͷͶͪΌͳ΀ ͳ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͹͸ͳ΀ ͼͪ ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͳ
ͷͪΔͰ ͯ͹ͫͻͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͳͷ ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ, ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ ͼ; ͼͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͳͷ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ,
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͼͪͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͰͷ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͵ͪ͹
ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ, Ͳͪͽͳͷ, ͼͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͰͷ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ,
ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹΃Ε; ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͳ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ, ͼͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ
Β;, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼͪ ͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷ ͯͪ ΒͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵, ͪͶͳ ͳ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ, ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹. ͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ ͯ͹ͺ;Δ;Β; ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͵͹Βͳ΀ ΒͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ͹ͬ͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ.
447
x ͈͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸Ͱ ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͳ ͼͽͪͬͪ ͯͪ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ (r p 0,
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ
ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ, ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͫͳͶͳ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳΒͳ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ, ;ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ Δͳ΀ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;Εͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ;ͭͻ͹Ͳͳͽͳ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ.
x ͈ͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͪ ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ ͵͹ͻͰͶͳͻͪ ͼͪ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹ S p 0,
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹, ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͳͷͪͶͳ ͫ͹Γ; ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸; ͹΁Ͱ͸;
;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ ; ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ; ͼͽͪͬ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͰͼͺͰͻͪ͸ͽ͹.

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͊ͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͼͬͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͯ͹ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͼͰ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͳ ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͫͪͬͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͹ͷ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ,
ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͳͲͬͰͼͽͳ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳ.
x ͈ͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰ ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ ͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͸ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ

͵ͪ/ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ, ΒͰͻ ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ Ͳͪ ͫ;ͯ;Ε; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒ; ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ, ͪͶͳ ͳ Ͳͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ ͻͪͯͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͰ ͳ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ
͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͼͰͷͳ͹ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ.
x ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͼ; ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ; ΔͰ͸Ͱ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ, ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ͳ΀ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;.
x ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ΒͰ Ͳͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͰ ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵΁ͳΒͰ, ͪͶͳ
ͳ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ ͵͹Βͳͷ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌ;Β; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ͳ ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΒ; ͼͰ ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ.
x ͈ͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͻͪ ;͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ ͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳ΃Ͷͳ
ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳ ͳ ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳͶͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸; ͳ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸; ͻͪͲͷͰ͸;
Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͳ ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪ.
x ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ, ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ ͳͲ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ, ͫͰͲ
͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ;ͼͺͰ΀ ͳͲ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸; ͯ͹ͫ, ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͯͪ ΒͰ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ, ͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹
͵ͪ͹ ͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵, ͸;ͱͪ͸ ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͳ ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵ͪ ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ.
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
Anstèy, M. &Geoff, B. (2006). 'SPN5FBDIJOHBOE-FBSOJOH.VMUJMJUFSBDJFT$IBOHJOH5JNFT $IBOHJOH

-JUFSBDJFT/FXBSL %FMBXBSFInternational Reading Association.
Blagojeviǀ, S. i Kuliǀ, D. (2013). 4USBOJKF[JLnaUFSDJKBSOPNOJWPVPCSB[PWBOKBtemeiznastaveiVǁFOKB
/JØ'JMP[PGTLJGBLVMUFU6OJWFS[JUFUBV/JØV
Bligh, D. (1978). Are Teaching Innovations in Post-TFDPOEBSZ &EVDBUJPO 3FMFWBOU , ; M. J. A.
)PXF Ͱd.), "EVMU-FBSOJOH1TZDIPMPHJDBM3FTFBSDIBOE"QQMJDBUJPO (ͼͽͻ.
#BUI5IF1JUNBO1SFTT
Ltd.
#SPXO )%
1SJODJQMFTPG-BOHVBHF-FBSOJOHBOE5FBDIJOH/FX+FSTFZ1SFOUJDF-)BMM *OD
448
Cope, B. &Kalantzis, M. (2000). .VMUJMJUFSBDJFT/FX-JUFSBDJFT /FX-FBSOJOH-FBSOJOHBOEUIF%FTJHO
PG4PDJBM'VUVSFT LondonRoutledge.
Daboviǀ, D. (1998). (MPCBMOJNFUSPQPMJT. ͈ͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ ͼͪIUUQXXXQSBWOJ-͹brasci.co.yu/teorija/ global-
ni_metropolis/index.htm.
Esperanto Language (n.d.) &ODZDMPQEJB#SJUBOOJDB. ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpswww.britannica.com/topic/
Esperanto >ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 12. ͷͪΒͪ 2017@
Feez, S. (2002). TextCBTFE4ZMMBCVT%FTJHO 4ZEOFZ.BDRVBSJF6OJWFSTJUZ4ZEOFZ
Goodwyn, A. (1992). &OHMJTI5FBDIJOHBOE.FEJB&EVDBUJPO #VDLJOHIBN0QFO6OJWFSTJUJUZ1SFTT
)PMMJEBZ "
"QQSPQSJBUF.FUIPEPMPHZBOE4PDJBM$POUFYUCambridge Univeristy Press.
)PXF .+"
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Ltd.
Janiǁiǃ, D. (2009). Esperanto je (bio) jezik buduǃnosti. 1ress. ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQXXXQSFTTPOMJOFST
zabava/life-style/76443/esperanto-je-bio-jezik-buducnosti.html.
,JTFMNBO $
&TQFSBOUPJUT0SJHJOTBOE&BSMZ)JTUPSZ, ; A. Pelczar (Ͱd.). 1SBDF,PNJTKJ4QSBX
&VSPQFKTLJDI1"6. Tom II (ͼͽͻ. 39–
,SBL’PX1PMTLB"LBEFNJB6NJFKFUOP’sci.
Kuliǀ, D. & Blagojeviǀ 4
"/FX$PODFQUJO'-5%FWFMPQJOH.VMUJMJUFSBDJFT5ISPVHI-Bn-
guage Skills Integration, ;Â. Babiǀ, T. Bijeliǀ & P. Penda (eds). 3FUIJOLJOH5SBEJUJPOJO&OHMJTI-BO
HVBHFBOE-JUFSBSZ4UVEJFT(ͼͽͻ
/FXDBTUMFVQPO5ZOF$BNCSJEHF4DIPMBS1VCMJTIJOH
Macken-)PSBSJL .
$POTUSVDUJOHUIFJOWJTJCMF4QFDJBMJTFEMJUFSBDZQSBDUJDFTJO+VOJPS4FDPOEBSZ
4DIPPM (PhD thesis). Sydney University of Sydney.
Maddux, C. D., Johnson, D. L. &Willis, J. W. (2001). &EVDBUJPOBM$PNQVUJOH-FBSOJOHXJUI5PNPS
SPXT5FDIOPMPHJFT /FFEIBN)FJHIUT"1FBSTPO&EVDBUJPO$PNQBOZ
Mehrabian, "
/POWFSCBM$PNNVOJDBUJPO$IJDBHP"MEJOF-"UIFSUPO.
Novoselac, N. (2013). 'JMP[PGJKBNPEFSOFQSPEBKFTWFPQSPEBKJJQSPEBKOJNUFIOJLBNBOBKFEOPNNFT
UV#FPHSBE#SBVN4ZTUFNT
1BUUFSTPO 3)VGG 4.
5IF%FDMJOFBOE'BMMPG&TQFSBOUP, ;L.Ohno-Machado(Ͱd.). +PVSOBM
PGUIF"NFSJDBO.FEJDBM*OGPSNBUJDT"TTPDJBUJPO+".*", Vol. 6(6). ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
IUUQTXXXODCJOMNOJIHPWQNDBSUJDMFT1.$.
Richards, J. C. & Rodgers, T. S. (1991). "QQSPBDIFTBOE.FUIPETJO-BOHVBHF5FBDIJOH /FX:PSL
Cambridge University Press.
8BYNBO 0# +VMZ
5IF4FSJPVT)JTUPSZ#FIJOE&TQFSBOUPTime. ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
httptime.com/4417809/esperanto-history-invention.
449
DANIJELA G. KULIƂ
SNEÂANA M. ZEƀEVIƂ
.6-5*-*5&3"$:*/&%6$"5*0/
A GLOBAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION AND NEW &41&3"/50

SUMMARY
The aim of this research is an ascertainment of attitudes on understanding multiliteracy in education as
a global means of communication and new esperanto, in order to emphasize the importance and necessity of
the already mentioned approach with the aim of transcending cultural barriers and achieving success in
QSPGFTTJPOBMDPNNVOJDBUJPO*UJTBTTVNFEUIBUGJSTUMZ LOPXMFEHFPGUIF&OHMJTIMBOHVBHFJTOPUUIFPOMZ
QSFDPOEJUJPOGPSTVDDFTTGVMDPNNVOJDBUJPOJOFEVDBUJPOBTXFMMBTJOGVUVSFQSPGFTTJPOTFDondly, the con-
DFQUPGNVMUJMJUFSBDZJOFEVDBUJPOJTBVTFGVMBQQSPBDIGPSUSBOTDFOEJOHDVMUVSBMCBSSJFSTUIJSEMZ UIF&OHMJTI
language is the esperanto of professions such as psychologists and doctors of medicine. For the requirements
of this research a questionnaire is created, and beside general details related to respondents, it also consists of
the segment concerned with multiliteracy, the segment concerned with transcending cultural barriers, and
the one which considers the role of English language in education. The first and second-year students ͹f the
Faculty of Medicine in Kosovska Mitrovica, the first and second-year students from the Department of
Psychology in Kosovska Mitrovica, as well as general practice doctors and psychologists were examined. The
results of this cross-sectional study which were analysed by descriptive statistics and correlation analysis
prove the already mentioned hypotheses and point out the necessity for qualifying individuals for normal
life and work in the global society. It is necessary to adapt to changes, transcend potential cultural barriers in
order to make various contents available, establish global cooperation and achieve better professional suc-
cess.
,&:803%4 multiliteracy, esperanto, cultural barriers, education, global society.

339.97/.98

̸̸̸͉́͆͠ͅ5̸͇̺̓͊́́ͣͅͅ1
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸́͠ ͉͉͌̽͊̓́̾͊͌͊́́͡
̸̸̸̸̸͈͉̻͇͚̺͈͉͇́̈́̾̾͆͢ͅͅ2
̸̸̻͊̿̾͋̓Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽ
͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͳͷͻͰͱ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼ;
ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸Ͱͼ;ͪͭͳͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͯͪͼͰͫͻͲ͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷ̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͽͪͻͪͺ͹Β͇ͪͬͪͯͼͬ͹ͭͺ͹ΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͺͻ͹΃ͶͪΒͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͿͪͲͪ͌ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ
Δ͹ΒͿͪͲͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ;ͫͻͲͪͶͪͳͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͪͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͳͷͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ̹ͻ͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ; ͪͶͳ;ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ΒͰͳͫͻ͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀tͫͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͪi͋Ͱ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͼ;;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͬͰΕ;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͪͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪΒͰͳͬͰΕͪͷ͹ͫͳͶ
͸͹ͼͽͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͡;ͯͼ͵ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͼ; ͺ͹ͻͰͯͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͹ͼͽͳ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͳͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͬ͹ͯͰͻͪ΂;͸ͪ
͹ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͹ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔ; ͽͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶͪͳͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͻͰͼ;ͼͳ.
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸́͠–̸̸̸̸͇͈̺̺̓̈́̾̓͊͆́͆̾̀͌͊͋́͡ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͽͪͻͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͵͹Βͪͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒͰ ͳͯ͹ͼͪͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͽͻͳͿͪͲͰ̀ͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹
;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳΔͰ͸ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͯ97*ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͻͪͯͪ͊ͬͻͰͷͰ
͸͹ͷΒͰͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹;ͯͻ;ͭ;ͿͪͲ; ͵͹Βͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͼͺͻͬ͹ͷͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͹͵͹
ͳ
ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ
t͊ͪΔ͹ͷͼ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪ ͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹;ͬͰΕͪΔͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ̽͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͳͯ͹ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹
ͷͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰ ͯ͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ΕͳͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ
1
mmaksimovic@idn.org.rs
2
͉ͪͯΒͰ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ tͅ͹ͯͰͶͳͻͪΔͰͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ; ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͽ͹͵͹ͬͰ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͭͳͫͪΔͪi ͵͹Βͳ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ͳ
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Β͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ –2017.

ͽΒͯ͹;ͼͺ͹͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͼ͸ͪͱ͸Ͱͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͭͼͰΓͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͷͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ
ͪͶͳͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΁ͪͳͲͪ͸ͪͽͶͳΒͪ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳͼ͸ͪͱ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰi ͪͅ͵ͼͳͷ͹
ͬͳΕ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–212).
͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ ͽͻͰΕͰͿͪͲͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͺ̹ͪͯͰͻͶͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͲͳͯͪͳͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽͪ͵΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͭ
ͻͪͽͪ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ ; ͽ͹Β ͽͻͰΕ͹ΒͿͪͲͳͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ΒͰͯ͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳͬͪΔͪͳ;ͫͻͲͪΔͪ
͋͹͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶͪ ͸ͪ ͯͬͪ ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ ͸ͳͱͰͷ ͳ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͆ͪ͸ͳͱͰͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ;
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ ͼͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͲͬ͹Ͳͪͳ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͭ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ͌ͲͳͯͰΒ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͼͰ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͲͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͳ
ͽͪ͵͹ͼͰ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͷ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͼ;͸͹ͬͪ;Ͷͪ
ͭͪΔͪ;͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰΔͳͬͪΔͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ Bͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͳͼ;͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳ ͪͶͳͼͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳͯͻ;ͭͰͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳ(Brady, 2006).
͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ΒͰͼ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪͳͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ
ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳΒͳͽͻͪ͸
ͼͿͰͻͳͻ͹ͫͪͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͪͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽΓ;ͯͳ͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳ
ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪΕͳͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ
΁ͳΒͪ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͸ͪͫͻ;ͽͪͶͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͯ ͸ͳͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪ΃
ͽͳͽͰ;͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͬͰͼͽͳͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸;ͳ
͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ; Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳΒͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͪ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͽͰΒͰͳͲͽͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;
ΔͰ ͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ́͸ͪ΂Ͱ ; ͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ; ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ ΒͰ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹ ͳ
ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;
ͺͳͽͪΔͰͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͶͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ͵ͪ͹ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͳ΁ͪ Ϳ͹͸ͯ͹ͬͪ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ ΒͰ ͸ͰͭP ͳ͵ͪͯͪ ͌ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
΃ͳͻͰΔͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ
͠͹΃͹ͯͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪ͹ͬͪͷ͹ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ͌
97***ͬͰ͵;͹͸ͪΒͰͫͳͶͪt͸ͪΒ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳΒͳͳ;͸Ͱ͵;ͻ;͵;͸ͪΒͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͬͰͲͳ
ͬͪΔͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͼͬͰͽͪ̈́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͬͳͯͰͽͳͯͪͼͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͽͻͭ;Β;ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ
͹΂Ͱͬͳͯ͸͹;͵ͶͪͺͪΒ;;ΒͰͯ͸;΃ͳͻ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;΁ͰͶͳ͸;i .BEßBS ͼͽͻ–
͋ͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳͶͳͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͪͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͬͰΕ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ
;ͬ͹Ͳͪͻ͹͈ͫͪ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ;͵ͶͪΔͪΔͰͳͶͳͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸
ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ ͻ͹ͫͪ ͳ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͳͲ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ; ͯͻ;ͭ; ͌͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ;͵ͳͯͪΔͰ ͽͪͻͳͿͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͳͲͬ͹Ͳ͸Ͱ

̸̸̸͉́͆͠ͅ5̸͇̺̻̓͊́́ͣͅͅͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ
ͼ;ͫͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͰͽͪͻͳͿ͸ͳ΀ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͳ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪΔ; ͵ͬ͹ͽͰͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͳͲ
ͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ
3.
͆Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯͬͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳΒͰͼ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͪ
͈ͳͽͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ͈ͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͷ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭͳͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ
͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;͆ͪ͵͹͸ͯͬͪ͸ͪͿͽ͸ͪ΃͹͵ͪ;͹ͼͷ͹ΒͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͳ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳͼ;ͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͳͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͳ͸ͪͻͪ΂;͸;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͪ;ͺͻͬͳͷͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ99*ͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͻͪ΂;͸
́͋ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͳͫͳ͹ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ͇ͪͼͳͷ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͹͸ͪΒͰͳ ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͪͅΘͪͻ
̹ͻͲͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β
;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͪͬͪͫͻͱ;ͲͪͷͰ͸;ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ΃ͽ͹
ͼͬͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ; ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͳ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͷ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰ ΒͰ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͆̓ͅ
͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͳͲͯͪ͸ͪ;ͯͪ͸ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ̀ͪ
Δͳ΀ͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͪ ͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ
͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͆̓ͅ ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β; ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͫͻͲ͹ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͰ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳͷ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͸ͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ Δͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ ͫͻͱͰͭ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪΔB ͳ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͽ͹ ͺ;ͽͰͷ ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͹ͫ;͵Ͱ ͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͪ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͳ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͺͻͰͷͰ ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͪͅ͵ͼͳͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ%BCJD
ͅͰΌ;
ͽͳͷ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ͆̓ͅͳͯͪΓͰͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͳͻͪͲͷͰΔ;Β;
ͻͪͯ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ;;ͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͳͶͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ͠͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ Βͪͺͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͿͳͻ
ͷͰͳͷͪΒ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
͹ͼͶͪΔͪΒ;͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯͶͳ͵ͰͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ̀ͫ͹ͭͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃
͵͹ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ;͹ͬͳͷ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͪ;͸ͪΒͼ͵͹ͻͳΒͰ
ͬͻͰͷͰ ͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͋ͻͰ͸ͯ ͻͪͼͽ;ΕͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͳ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ ΃ͳͻͰΔͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀
ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪͳͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ͊ͬͪ͵ͪͯͪΓͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͪ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͷ͹ͻͪ ;ͲͰͽͳ ; ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͰ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͲͪͫͪͬͳͲͫ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸ͪͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;
#SFXTUFS 4QBSSPX )BSSJT ͼͽͻ

͍ͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼ͵B ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸B
ͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ. ͇ͬͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;
ͼͬͰͫͻͱͰ ͪͶͳͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ ΒͰͻͻͪͼͽͰͫͻ͹Βͫͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͳͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀Ϳ͹͸ͯ͹ͬͪ ;ͼͬͰͽ;͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͼͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ͹ͷ ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰ ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͳ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹-
͸ͳ΃;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯΔͰ .BEßBS

͈ͳͽͪΔͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵F ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒF ͆͹ͬͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶͪͼͪ
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99*ͬͰ͵ͪ ͯ͹͸ͰͶͪKFͷ͸͹ͭͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͯ͹ͷͰ͸;ͻͪͯͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͪΒͰͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ-
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͪͬͰΕ͹ΒͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͺ͹Γ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼ̺ͪͳ΃ͰͼͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼͪͷ͹͹
;΂ͰΔ;͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸;ͬͰΕͳ͹tͻͪͯ;͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸;i tͺͪͷͰͽ͸ͳͷͿͪͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪi;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΓ;ͯͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;
͵͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͵;Εͪ ͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͫ;ͯ;tͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳ͸ͪͻͪ-
ͯ͸͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;i
3
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttpwww.businessdictionary.com/definition/trade-liberalization.html ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹

ͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̓ͪ͹ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͳͻͪ͸Ͱͼ;;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔ͹ΒͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͳXX ͬͰ͵̹ͪͳͶ͹ͯͪ
ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͳͶͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ ͯ͹ ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹;ͷͪͶͳͷͳͼͶͪͫ͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺͻͳͷͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͰͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ͹ͫͳͷͳͷ͹ͯͰͶͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ
ͭͯͰΕͰͫͳͽͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺͻͰͫͳͬͪͶͳ΃ͽͰͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͳ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͫͳͷ;ΕͰͫͳͽͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;
ͻͪͯͪ ͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͻͪͲ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹Βͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͶͳ
ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳͽ͸ͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͼ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ ͪ ; ͸ͪΒͽͰͱͰͷ
ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ (Pennx, 2016, ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ;
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔ; ͪͽ͹ͼ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͷͪ͵ͻ͹͸ͳͬ͹
ͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ
ͷͳ͵ͻ͹͸ͳͬ͹
͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͬͪͱ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͳͲͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͰͳͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹
͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ͵ͻͰΕ; ΒͰͼ;ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳ
ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͅ͵ͼͳͷ͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ99ͬͰ͵ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͻͪͯͪΒͰͳͯͪΓͰͫͳͶ͹ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸΂ͳͯͪ
ͼ;ͼͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͹ͼͶͪΔͪͶͰ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͻͪͯͪ ͹ͯͶͪͲͪ͵;͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒ;
ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹͹ͼ͹ͫΓͰ ͪͶͳͼͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͫͻͲͳͷ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵͹ͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒͪ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ;ͼͪͯͪ͸ͪΒ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸ͳΒͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͲͪ́͋ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵Ͱ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͱͰΔͰͻͼͽͬ͹̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼ;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰͲͪͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰ
ΔͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͰtͳͼͺͶͪͽͳͬͰiͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ΒͰͻ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͰͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ
ͲͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ̺Ͱ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͶͳͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͳͻ͹ͫ͹ͽͳ͵ͪ;ͶͪͲͰ;ͼͬͰ΃ͳͻ;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸;ͳͽͪ͵͹
;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͻͪͯͪ͊ͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͸ͪͬͳ΃ͰͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰΌ;ΒͰͷͪΔFͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹ΒͰΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ;ͳͼͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͳͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͫͳͶͪͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͪͯͪͼͰtͺ͹͵;ͺFͳ
͵ͻͰ͸;͵ͪͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹i̓͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͰͯͪͼͰͽͪ͵ͷͳ΂Ͱ;͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;͵͹ΒͰͼͰ
ͫͻͲ͹ͷͰΔͪͳͼͬͰͭͪΒͰͽͰͱͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰͽͳ́Ͳͽͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͰͺͳͽͪK;ͲͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;ͻͪͯ
͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͬͰΕͲͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸;ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;͇ͯͻͱͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹Ͳͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯͪ ͷͰΔͪΒ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͪ Ͳͪ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹
ͬͻͰͷͰͲͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ;΂ͰΔͰ̽͹ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͰͺͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͷͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͳͼ;ͬͻ΃ͳͶͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;Ͳͪͺ͹
ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪͼͪͯͪͽ͹ͻͪͯͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͯͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ
ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͰ͹ͽͰͱͪͬͪΔͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͭͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;΂ͰΔͰͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͼͰ;ͫͻͲͪͶͰ
ͳͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪͯͪ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͪ͹͸ͳͷ͹ͯͺͻͰͯͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͲͭͶͰ
ͯͪΕͰ tͼͶ͹ͷΓͰ͸͹i Joerres, 2016).͆ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ; Βͪͺͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰ
ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͽͳͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͪͶͳΒͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͳͳͲͭͻͪΌͳͬͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
ͽͳͷ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͼͷͪΔͳͶͪͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͪͅ͵ͼͳͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸͈͉͇͉͉͉̾͆̾͌͆͐́͆͌̽́͌̽͊̓́̾͊͌͊́͡ͅ
͌ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͽͻͳͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻ
ͼͳͷͪ͌ͼͶͰͯͳͶͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;;ͫͻͲͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸ͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͪ Ͳͪ Γ;ͯͳͷͪ ͼ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ ͳ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ

ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͫ͹ͻͫͪͲͪ ͽͪͶͰ͸ͽͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸ͪͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸ͪͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽΓ;ͯͳ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳ
ͽͬͻͯΔͪͯͪͼ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͹ͼͽͳ͠͹΃ΒͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͯͰͬͰ
ͽͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸͹͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ͵Γ;΂Βͪͺͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ
΂;ͯͪ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͻͰΕͳ ͳ Ͳͪ ͠;ͱ͸; ̓͹ͻͰΒ; ͸ͪ͵͹͸
̓͹ͻͰΒͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ́Ͳͽͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͰͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͪͳͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪ
ͽͪͶͰ͸ͪͽͪ͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ ͵;ͺ;Β;ͼͰͷͪͶͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͽͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ
ͷ͈ͪ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͪͲͪͽͪͶͰ͸ͽͳͷͪΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶͪͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͷ͸͹ͭͰͲͰͷΓͰͺͻͪͬͰͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͰͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͰͲͪ͹΂;
ͬͪΔͰ ͽͪͶͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͆ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ̓ͳ͸ͪ ΒͰ Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͪ ͺͶͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͳ ͳ ͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͳ
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͽͪͶͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͯ͹͵͸Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͫͻͲͻͪͲͬ͹ΒΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
;ͫͻͲͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͺ͹ͯͳͲͪΔͰͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͷ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͋ͪ͵ͬͳ
Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͬͳͼ͹͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻ;ͱͪΒ;ͫ͹ΓͰ;ͼͶ;ͭͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼͽͪͻͰΔͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃
ͽͬͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ΒͰͼͽͰͬͰ͹ͷͪ͵ͻ;ͺͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͲͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͪͱͰͷͶͪ
ͯ;ͻͪͯ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͳͪ͠ͺͪ͸ͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪΒͼͽͪͻͳΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͯ͹͵̸Ϳͻͳ͵ͪͳͷͪ͸ͪΒͷͶͪΌͰͼͽͪ
͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ 5VOH

͐ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ́ͺͪ͵ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͳͽͻͪͱͰΔͰͳͲͶͪͼ͵ͪͳͲͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ;ͱͰΓͳͯͪͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΒ;
ͼͬ͹Βͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͰͯͬͪ͸͹ͬͪͫͶ͹͵ͪ͌ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼ;̀ͰͷΓͰ̹͉́̓͊-ͪ4
ͳ̸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͠;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱ̸ͲͳΒͰ ;Ͳ͵͹Β;ͼ; ̸ͲͳΒͼ͵ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪ "%#
ͳ̸ͲͳΒͼ͵ͪͫͪ͸
͵ͪͲͪͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͰ "**#
͇͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;ͺͪ͸ͯͪ͸̸͊̽ ͍ͅͅ ͊ͬͰͽ
ͼ͵͹Βͫͪ͸΁ͳͳ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵͹Βͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹Β͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͽͰͽͰͱͰͯͪ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͼ͸ͪͭͪ͸ͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ
͌ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱ͹ΒͰͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͰͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͪ
ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ ͪͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶ͹͹ͼͬͰ΃ΕͳͬͪΔͰͬͶͪͯͪͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͱͰΓͪ
ͯͪ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪ͸;͸ͪͻͰͺ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͼͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͲͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͫ͹ͻͰ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ͼͰͫ͹ͻͰͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ͊ͽ͹ͭͪͼͰ;ͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;ͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸B ͼͪͷB
ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ; ͼͪ ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ Ϳͻ͹͸ͽ͹ͬͪ ͋͹ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪ
ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ͸ͳͬ͹ ͸͹ͬͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͻ͹
4
̀ͰͷΓͰ̹ͻͳ͵ͼͪ ͼ; ̓ͳ͸ͪ ̹ͻͪͲͳͶ ́͸ͯͳΒͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪͳ ͠;ͱ͸͹ͪͿͻͳ΂͵͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͆ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͼͪͼͽͪ͸͵;ͯͻͱͪ-
ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͲͰͷΓͪ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ ΒͰ ͸ͪͲͳͬ ̹ͻͳ͵ͼ (engl. BRICS), ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͶ;΂Ͱ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͼ͸;ΒͰ
͉ͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸ͳͿ͹͸ͯ ͵͹ΒͳͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͺͪ͸ͯͪ͸͍ͅͅ-;

̸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͠;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱ̸ͲͳΒͰ "TTPDJBUJPOPG4PVUIFBTU"TJBO/BUJPOT – "4&"/
͋;ͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͳ
̸ͲͳΒͼ͵ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪͲͪͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͻͪΔͰ;ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank – "**#
͵ͪ͹ͳ̸ͲͳΒ
ͼ͵ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪ "TJBO%FWFMPQNFOU#BOL– "%#
͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͼͰͯͷͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ99ͬͰ͵ͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵ͶͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͳͼͪͻͪͯΔ;̸ͲͳΒͼ͵͹-ͺͪ΁ͳͿͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ́ͷͪ΃ͰͲͯͰͼͰͽͼͰͯͪͷ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ
΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪͺͻ;ͱͪͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͳͻͪΔͰ ;ͶͪͱͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ; ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͰ Βͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͭ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
IUUQTXXXBECPSH; ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹

ͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͪΕͰΔͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͳ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳ
ͫͳͶ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ
΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͆ͪͭͶͪͼͪ͵ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔ;
ͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͳ̓͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼ͹ͬͳͷͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷͪ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͶͰͼͬ͹Β;ͳ͸͹
ͬͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͻͲͳ͸; ͳ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͋͹ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬ͹
ͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸͹ͷͳ͹ͫ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͷ͹ͼ͹ͫΓ; ͽͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳͯͪ ΒͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͫͳ͹;Γ;ͯͳͷͪ
ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰΔͳͷͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ
͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ͹ͫͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳ͸ͳͬ͹
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͭ;ͫͰͺͻͬ;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;;ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ;ͼΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪͼͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ;ͺͻͪͬ
ΓͪΔͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ͵ ͹͸ͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͪ
ͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ́Ͳͽͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͼͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͷ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͼ;ͯͻͪͭ͹΁Ͱ͸͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͽͰͼ;ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͯͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͲͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͅ͸͹ͭͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͫ͹ΓͰͼ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪͶͰ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͳͷͪͶͰ
ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͼͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͷͳͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ #VSLF

̽͹͵ΒͰͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ͵͹Βͳͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͫͻͲͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͶͰͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒF ͺ͹ͼͷͪ
ͽͻͪΔͰͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͬͳͯͰͶ͹ ͼͰͯͪΒͰͲͪΔͳ΀͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͽͻͰ͸ͯͬͳͻͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͻ͇ͪͯͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͰͬͪͯͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͲͪͫͰͻ;ͺ͹ͼͪ͹͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷΕͰͯͪͻͪͯͰ ͪͶͳͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰͯͪͻͪͯͰ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͹ͬ͹
ΒͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪ ͪͶͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͳͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͷͰͼͽͪ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸; ͻͪͯ;
͵;Εͳ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳͻ͈ͪͯ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳΒ͹΃ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪͽ͹ΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͪͳͶͳͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰͽͪΒͻͪͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ ͪͽ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͳͷͰΒͶ ͬͳͯͰ͹-͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ tͺͪͷͰͽ
͸ͳiͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͳ͇ͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͯͳͲͪΒ͸;ͻͪͯͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ
͸Ͱ ͼ; ͺ͹ͯ ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ t͸͹ͬͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͻͪͯͪi /FX 8PSME PG 8PSL
͇ͬͪΒ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͯͰͶͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͽͻͳ
ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ– ͿͳͲͳ΂͵; ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸;ͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸;͍ͳͲͳ΂͵ͪͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͷ͹ͱͰ
͹ͯͬͳΒͪͽͳ;͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͳ ͪͶͳͳ͹ͯ͵;ΕͰ ͯ͹͵ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͽͳͺ;ͽͰͷͰͶͰ͵
ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͳͷ͹͉ͬͪͪͲͷͰ͸ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲ͸ͪΔͪͼͰͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪͬͳͻͽ;
ͰͶͪ͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͅͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͳ
ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͳ͹͸ͪΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ͈͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪΔͰ ͶͳͯͰͻͪ ; ͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳͷ ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͻͪͯͪ͊ͬͰΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱͯ͹͵ͪͲͪͯͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͻͪͯͪͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪͯͪ
ͼ; ; ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳ ͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺ;ͽ͸ͳ ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳ ͽͰ ͼͰ ͹ͬͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͻͪͯͪ
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͻͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪͬͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ
͸ͪ΁͇ͪͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ;͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ΃ͽ͹
ΒͰ͹͸͹ͬͰΕͰ ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬͻͪͯΕͰͫͳͽͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳΒͳ
͌ ͹ͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͷͰͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪ
ͼͰͻͪͲͷͰΔ;Β;ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͳ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͪͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͪͻͪͯͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;– ;
ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹Β͵;ΕͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͯ͵;ͺ΁ͪͳͶͳ͸ͪͺ;ͽ;́ͲͭͻͪΌ;ΒͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͪͬͻͪͯ͸ͳͼͽͳͶ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͪ ΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͹ͯͪͫͳͻͪ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰͻͪͯͷ͹ͱͰ
ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͽͳ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ ͹ͺͽͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͷͰͼͽͪͳ
ͪͶͪͽͪͲͪ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͶͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͪͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͲͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͯͰ;

ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͳ ͳͶͳ;ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;Ͳͯͻͪͬͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ;ͭͰ̀ͪΔͳ΀ΒͰ΂ͪ͵
ͳͬͻͰͷͰͲͪͻͪͯ;͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ %F-FFEF ,SBJKFOCSJOL

͈͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂͵ͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪͷ͹ͫͳͶͪ͸ͻͪͯ͋Ͱ΀
͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪͳͻͪͯ͵͹ΒͳΓ;ͯͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ̽ͻ;ͭͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒΒͰͯͪ
ͼͰͻͪͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ;ͲͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͼͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͶͰͭͪͷͪ ͽΒͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͽͳͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͯ͆ͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ̹́ͅͳͷͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͯͰ͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸; ͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀
ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ; ͽ͹Β ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͳ ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͹ͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ
͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͺͻͰͯΔͪ΂Ͱ;Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔ;Γ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͯͰ͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸;͠͹΃ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͬͳͻ
ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͼ;ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͷͰͼͽͪͯͪ͸ͪͼΒͰͺͻ͹
ͷͰΔͰ͸ͪ ΒͰͻͯ͹͵ͼ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͰͫͳͶͰͯͳͲͪΒ͸ͳͻͪ͸Ͱͯͪͺ͹ͯͻͱͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ ͳͷͪͶͰͼ;
ͼ͵;ͺ; ͹ͺͻͰͷ; ͫͳͶͰ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͳ ͼͽͳͺͰ͸ͯͳͻͪΔͪ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ ͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͰ ͼ;
t͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ΂ͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪi ͼͪͽͰͶͳͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͰ͇͸Ͱͼ;͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸Ͱ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺͪͻͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱ
ͻͪͯ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͻͪͯͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ̀ͪͺ͹
ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪΒͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪ͸ͪͯͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͹ͷͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͬ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͼ
Ͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸͹ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͯ͸ͳͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰͷ͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬΒͰͯͪͻͪͯͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ ͫ;ͯͰ
Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸;ͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ͋ͳͷͰͼ; ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͪͼͬͪͽͻͳ ͬͰΕ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹
ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ ͳ ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ ͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͬͪ͵͹ ΂;ͬͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ ͫͪͶͪ͸ͼ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳ
ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͳ΀͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ0ͼ͹ͫͰ͵͹ΒͰͻͪͯͰ͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸; ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸;ͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ
΃Δ;ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒ;͇ͼͳͷͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ Ͳͪ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͻͪͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͼ;ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ
͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳͽͳͷ͹ͬͳ
̽ͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͯͪΒͰtͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳͽͳͷͬͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
ͼͪͬͰͲͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͪͷͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪi;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͯͬͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ
ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ ͪͽ͹ͼ;ͻͪͯͼͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀Ͷ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͵͹ͷͺ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ
ͼͽͬ͹ͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͇ͪͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͽͳͷͼ͵͹ͭͪͼͺͰ
͵ͽͪΒͰ͵ͻ;΁ͳΒͪͶͪ͸ ͽͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹Ͳͪ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸Ͱͽͳͷ͹ͬͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͳͲͪͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱͽͳͷ͹ͬͰ ͪͽ͹
ΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΁ͳΓͳͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͯͪͽ͵ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͽͳͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͯͷ͹ͱͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͭͻ;ͺͪ
Γ;ͯͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͯͰͶ;Β; ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔ; ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ΁ͳΓͪ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪ ͽͰ ͽͳͷ͹ͬͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΒ; ͳ ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ; ͻͪͯ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ;
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͷͰͼͽͪ ͳͶͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͈͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ Ͳͪ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀
ͽͳͷ͹ͬͪ ͪͽ͹ͼ;ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ́͋
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ͵ͻͪΒΔͳͷͲͪͯͪͽ͵͹ͷ ͪ
͸Ͱͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͷ
ͽͳͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͽͳͷͪ
ͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ
͸ͪ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳͼͽͻ;΂͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
̓ͪͯͪͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͯͪΓͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭͽͳͷͪ
ͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ;ͻͪͯ; ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳͯͰͻͪͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭͽͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͳ͹ͼͽͪ
Ͷͳ΀΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͽͳͷͪ ͽΒ͵͹ͶͰͭͪͷͪ ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳ̸͵͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ; ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀
ͼ;ͺͰͻͬͳͲ͹ͻͪͳ͵͹ͶͰͭͪ ͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͰΕͰͼͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͽͳ ͸Ͱ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;͹ͫͲͳͻͯͪͶͳͻͪͯͰ;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͳͶͳͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
́ͺͪ͵ ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͰͿͰ͵ͪͽͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͻͰͼ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯ͹Εͳ ; ͵͹ͶͳͲͳΒ; ͼ ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹΃Ε; ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ ͻͪͯ ͷ͹ͱͰ

;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ͸ͪͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͰ ΒͰͻ;΃ͽͰͯͰͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ;΃ͽͰͯͰͽͻ͹
΃͵͹ͬͪͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͸Ͱͬ͹ͯͰ;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔ;ͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͳ %F-FFEF ,SBJKFOCSJOL ͼͽͻ–18).
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͋͹ͺ͸ͪΒͲͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
́Ͳͬ͹ͻ*WBODFWJD ,POPQBTLF ͼͽͻ
ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔ͉ͪ͡ ͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰ
;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͰͻ͹ͷ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸
ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽͪ ͻͰͺͪͽͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͼͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͳͷͪ
͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͳͼͪΔͰͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͵ͪͳͲͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͉͡ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸FͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
͸Ͱͬ͹Γ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͼͰͶͰ
̀ͪͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͺͻͪ͵ͼ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ;
͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͲͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͌ ͽͪͫͰͶͳ ͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͰ ͼ; ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ; ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ; Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;́͸ͪ΂Ͱ Ͱ͵ͼͽͰͻ͸ͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͳͷͪΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ *WBODFWJD ,POPQa-
TLF ͼͽͻ

͇ͯͻͱͳͬͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹
ͳ͸ͪͺ͹Γ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ̽ͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭͶͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳ
ͽͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͺͳͽͪΔͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹
ͯͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ͌ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͳ
΃ͳͻͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͰͿͳͻͷͰ;Ͷͪͱ; ͼͬͪ͵ͪͺͻͰͷͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͯͪͶͰ
ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͼͬͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ ͸ͪͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͲͪͽͳͷ
ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͼ͵͹Βͳͷͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ
͵΁ͳΒͳ ΒͰͻ ͼ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͻͰͱ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳͶͳ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰ
ͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͳͳͷͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͰΕ;ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ́Ͳ
ͽͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͻͱͳͬͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼ
Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͪͺ͹Βͪͷ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͿ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ;
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ;Ͷ͹ͭ;͵͹Βͪͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔ;͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ /JKIPG 1BBTIVJT ͼͽͻ–40).
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͽͪͻ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ ͸ͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͳͬͳͬͳ΃ͰͿͪͲ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͽͻͳͿͪͲͰ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
ͼͬͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶ͹ͯͪͼͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͷͰΔͪͅ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ ͯͬͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ͸ͳͱͳͳͬͳ΃ͳ
͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͳͷ ͷͰΔͪͼͰͳΔͰ͸ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͪͳͫͻͱ͇ͪ͸ͪͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͰͿͰ͵ͽͰ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ
ͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͆͹ͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳ
ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱͼ;ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͯ͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸; ͬͰΕͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ
ΒͰ ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͻ͹ͫ͹ͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͳ

ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͻͪͯͪ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͼ;ͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͯͪΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͷͰͻͪͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ͵Ͱͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͻͪͯͪ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͲͪͯ;ͱͰ͸ͪͬͶͪͯͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͈ͻͰͷͪͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͳͷͪ
ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰͼͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ;99*ͬͰ͵;ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͳͯͻͱͪͬͪͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͯͬ͹Β
͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃; ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͫͰͲ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͳ ͯͪΒ; ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͵ͪͯͪ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͳͲͼͬ͹ͭͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͪͶͳ͸ͪ;ͼ͵ͶͪΌ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
Brady, D. (2006 September). Economic Globalization, Industrialization and Deindustrialization in

Affluent Democracies, 4PDJBMGPSDFT 7PM /P–
#SFXTUFS $ 4QBSSPX 1 BOE)BSSJT ) June). 5PXBSETBOFXNPEFMPGHMPCBMJ[JOH)3.+PVS
OBMPG)VNBO3FTPVSDF.FOBHFNFOU
–970.
Burke, R. (2006). TheIVNBOSFTPVSDFTSFWPMVUJPO8IZ1VUUJOH1FPQMF'JSTU.BUUFST "NTUFSEBN&MTe-
vier.
Dabic, M. (2007). Uloga multinacionalnih kompanija u promicanju tehnološkog razvoja zemalja u
tranziciji. ;CPSOJL&LPOPNTLPHGBLVMUFUBV;BHSFCV 7PM ͼͽͻ–
;BHSFC&LPOPNTLJGBLVMUFU
De Leede, J., Kraijenbrink, J. (2014). The Mediating Role of Trust and Social Cohesion in the Effects of
New Ways of 8PSLJOH " %VUDI $BTF )VNBO 3FTPVSDF .BOBHͰNͰOͽ 4PDJBM *OPWBUJPO BOE
5FDIOPMPHZ"EWBODFE4FSJFTJO.BOBHFNFOU 7PMVNF–9.
Ivancevic, M. J., Konopaske, R. (2013). )VNBO3FTPVSDF.BOBHFNFOU /:.D(SBX-)JMM
Joerres, J., (2016). Globalization, Robots, and the Future of Work, An interview with Jeffrey Joerres,
forier CEO and chairman of Manpower Group. )BSWBSE#VTJOFTT3FWJFX /P 0DUPCFS
ͪͅΘͪͻ ͡
͊ΒͪΒͳ͹ͯͼΒͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹̻ͬͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͳͲ͹Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ
ͼͽͻ–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
ͪͅ͵ͼͳͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͅ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͈
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ – ͼͽͪͻͳ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳ ;
͸͹ͬ͹ͷ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͳͲ͹Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ ͼͽͻ –
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
.BLTJͷPWJD .
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$POUFNQPSBSZ.JHSBUJPOJOB$IBOHJOH8PSME/FX1FSTQFDUJWFBOE $IBMMFOHFT ͼͽͻ
#FMHSBEF
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography.
ͪͅ͵ͼͳͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪͻͪͯͪͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ;ͪ͠ͺͪ͸;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ́̽͆
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Publishing Limited.
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Faculty of Geography.

Tung, L. R. (2016). New perspectives on human resource management in a global context. +PVSOBMPG
8PSME#VTJOFTT –
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MARIJANA T. MAKSIMOVIſ
(-0#"-*;"5*0/ )6."/RESOURCES "/%"%"15"5*0/50$)"/(&4
SUMMARY
Globalization is an old, complex, unstoppable and multifaceted process. Since its appearance, it has
gone through several phases (three phases) to date, which has all affected the image of globalization over
UJNF*UDBOUBLFQMBDFBUEJGGFSFOUMFWFMT UXPMFWFMTMPXFSBOEIigher), and accordingly, its intensity changes,
in the sense that it is more intense and faster at a higher level. Globalization and international economy are
increasingly characterized by diversity, complexity and multiple network relations. Traditional forms of
competitiveness are no longer sufficient, they need agile companies that are able to adapt quickly. In the final
phase, globalization has accelerated and helped many companies to join the international market. The
number of global companies is on the rise, as well as the number of global ‘brands’. These companies are
GPDVTFEPOUIFJODSFBTFEVTFPGJOGPSNBUJPOUFDIOPMPHZ XIJMFUIFSFJTBMTPHSFBUFSTUBGGNPCJMJUZ)VNBO
resources, beside technological and financial resources, became an important factor of competitiveness.
Global managers, in terms of making their decisions, should take into account the standardization of prod-
ucts, but their customizing of national markets as well. Globalization has also led to the change of the rela-
tionship between multinational corporations and nation states. Therefore, the new mode of operation has
become the carrier of economic and organizational changes and brings some advantages. Its features include
flexibility, remote operation, greater use of technology, digitalization and robotics. On the other hand, in-
creased inequalities, poverty and exclusion from the work process indicate that globalization, beside positive,
has its negative effects, both economically and in general. In addition to technological and financial re-
sources, human resources have become a significant competitiveness factor. The demand for talent has
become more and more important in recent decades. Global decision-makers should take into account the
standardization of products, but also the adjustment of these products to national markets and the tastes of
consumers from these markets. Globalization has also led to a change in relations between multinational
companies and national states. Due to the increase in the labour market problem, the importance and active
labour market policies for which the government of a particular country is responsible are given high im-
portance. According to previous experience, faced with a large number of changes, in the 21st century, the
market and the state have become inseparable, one cannot exist without the other, and give the best results
when performing activities each in their domain, but in a coordinated way.
,&:803%4HMPCBMJ[BUJPO DIBOHF BEBQUBUJPO IVNBOSFTPVSDFT.
460

̸̸͎͇͈́̈́͆́ͣ͠ͅͅ1
͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͲͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳΒ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̸̸͇͇̺́͑͊͋̽́͆́ͣ͠ͅͅ2
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ

̸̸̸͇̹̺͇͇̻̺̺̾̓͋́͆͊͋̾̽́͊̓́̀̾͑͋͌͢͠͠ͅ
̸͇͍̓͆̈́́̓͋͆́͊́͋͌ͅ͏̸̸́͠ͅ3
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌ͻͪͯ;ΒͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͷͰͯͳΒͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂
Βͳͷͪ͐ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͯͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͫͰͲͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͪͼ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͷ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͼ;ͭͰͼͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳ΃ͽͰͽ͸ͳΒͳͳΒͪ΂ͳͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ
ͬͪͱ͸͹ ͯͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͹ͫͪͲͻͳͬͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͹ ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪΔ;
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ͋͹ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;ͯͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;͹ͫͪͬͳͽͳ΃ͳͻ;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹͸;͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵;ͺͻ͹ͪ͵
ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͺͻ;ͱͪΔ;Βͪͼ͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸ͳ΀ͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ
΁ͳΒͪ ͹ ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͷͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͹ ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ; ͈ͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ ͼ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͷͳͻͳͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͪ͵ͽͰͻͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͺ͹͸;ͯ͹ͷͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ
ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͽͳͺ͹ͷͳͻΓͳͬͳͽ͹͸͹ͬͳͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͽͳͲͪͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͌ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͷͰͯͳΒͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͼͺ;͸Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͳͺͻͰΒͪ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΂
͵ͳͷͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͺͰ΃ͰΒ͹΃ͬͰΕͳͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͲͳͽͰͽ ͽͳͷͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;Ͳͪ͹΃ͽͻͪ
ͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͳ͸ͰΕͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͺͻͪͬΓͳͬ;΃ͽͰͽ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵
ͽ͹ͷͅͰͯͳΒͳͽ͹͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΒ; ͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͹ͷ;͹ͫΒͰ
͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͷͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷͳ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷ͸ͪ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͺ͹ͽͺͳͻ;ΒͰ͸ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹
ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͸Ͱͬ͹ͯͰΕͳͻͪ΂;͸ͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͳͼͺ;͸ͳͽͳ͸͹ͻͷͰ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ
;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪͽͰ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̺Ͱ͹ͷͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͸Ͱͳͼ͵;ͼ͸ͳ ͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰ ͽ;
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁; ΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͬͰΕͰͰͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳ;ͯͪΓͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
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mamihajlo@yahoo.com
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icemishast@yahoo.com
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͇ͬͪΒͻͪͯΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ͫͻ ͵͹ΒͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ
͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
461
̺͇͌̽
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΂͸͹ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͪ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ
ͯͪ ͼ; ͹͸ͪ ͽͻͪΒ͸ͪ ͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͺͻͪͬΓͳͬͪ ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹
ͷͰ͸Γͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͼͳͽͰͪͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͱͪͻͳ΃ͽͪͲͪ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͰͻͰ΃ͳͬͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ͋ͪ͵ͪͬͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͺͻͳͷͰͻΒͰͼ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͆ͪͽͳͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͱͳͬͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ ͽ;ͻ
ͼ͵ͪ ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵ͪ ͭ͹ͻͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͻ͹ͷͼ͵ͪ Ͱͭͳͺͪͽͼ͵ͪ
ͳ ͪ΃͵ͪͶͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͊ͻͫͳ ͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ΒͰͼ; ͯͬͰ ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͰ;͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͷͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰtͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹iͲͪͬͻ΃ͳͶͳ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷ͍ͪ͹͸ͯͪͲͪ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹
Ͷͳ΁ͪͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ
ͳͶͳͼͰͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͼͽͪͶ͇ͪͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͪ͵͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͯͪͽͳͻͪΒ;
ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͲͪͲͬͪ͹ΒͰͽͻͪΒ͸ͪ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ͠͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͽͰͻͳ͹ͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
ͼͰͬͰͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸ ΃ͽ͹ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͳͯͪΓͰͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫ
Γ;ΒͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͲͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͰͻͪͲΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ͆ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͪ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͼͰ ͸ͳͼ; ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ ͺ͹ͲͪͫͪͬͳͶͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷ ͸ͰͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͳ ;ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͺͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪͯͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͰΒ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹
Βͳ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹͹ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔ;Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͳͷ͹ͬͪͳͲͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳ͹ͱͰΓͳͯͪ
ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͼͽͪͬͳ ͽͪ΂͵ͪ ̸ͷͫͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͼ; ͼͰ ͫͻͲ͹ Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͶͰ ͺ͹ͯ ͬͰͶ͹ͷ tͺͻͰ΂ͳ΀ ͳ
ͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͳ΀iͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸͇ͪͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͼͰ;ͬͰ͵ͺͻͰͫͪ΁ͳͬͪͶͪ͸ͪ
͹͸͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
́ͪ͵͹;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ;ͬͰͻͪͬͪΔͪͯͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸;Ͳ͹͸; ;ͬͻͰͶ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀tͳͭͻͪͻͳΒͪi ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͫ͹ͻ
͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͪͶͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͷͪ΀ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵ͪͶ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵ͪ ͼͰ Ͳͪ͹΃ͽͻͪͬͪ ͳ ͺͻͰͽͰΕͳ
ͽ͹͸͹ͬͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͫͰͲͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͳ͸;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪ
Ͷͳ΂͸Ͱ ͺͪͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͪͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͪͻͰͪͶ͸ͪ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽΒͰͼͽͰΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀;͸;ͽͪͻͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔ͉ͪͰ΁ͳͺͻ͹΂͸ͪΒͰͼͻͪ
ͲͷͰͻͪ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪͯͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;Ͳ
͸ͰͼͰͫͳ΂͸;Βͪͬ͸; ͪ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺͻͳͽͪΒͰ͸;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͼͺ͹Γͪͳͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͪͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵͹Βͳ
ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;͸ͪͼ΁Ͱ͸;͇ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͳͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͳͻΓͳͬͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͸ͰͺͻͰ
ͷ͹ͼͽͳͬ͹ ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳ ͸ͳͬ͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ ; ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͬͳͲͳΒͰͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͽͰ
ͽͪͬ͹Β͸͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͸ͪͯͷ͹Εͳ͌ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͭͪͷͪ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͽͰ΃͵ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͽͶ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰͷͳͻͰ ͸Ͱͼ;ͭͶͪͼͳ΁Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͺͻͰͺ;΁ͪͬͪΔͪ͌ͺͻͪ
ͬ͹Ͳͪͽ͹̹ͪͻ͹ͬͳΕͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹tͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͪͳ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹͸͹ͬͳ
͸ͪͻͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͰ͸; ͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͶͪͼͽͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͳͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͳ
΃ΓͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͪ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹i ̹ͪͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

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̸͆́ͣͅ ̸͇͇̺͇͊͋̽́͆́ͣͫ͠ΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
͇ͯͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ ͼͬͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͳͳ͸ͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ ͹ͬͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ ͺͻͳΌ;ͼͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹΃Ε; ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͳͷͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͳͷͻͰͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͶͪ͸͹ͷ ͫͰͲ
ͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͳ ͼ ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰͷ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͊Ͱ͸ͲͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͪ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͪ ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ; ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͆ͳΒͰ
ͬͪͱ͸͹ͯͪͶͳͼ;ͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͯͰ͹ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪͳ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͶͳͷͰͯͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Βͪͬ͸;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;ͳͻͰ΂͹͸ͳ΀΂ͳΒͳͼͰͭͶͪͼͻͰͽ͵͹΂;ΒͰ
͈͹ͼͰͫ͸;ͺͪͱΔ;ͽ͹ͷͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ͵ͪͯͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;ͼͪ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ͆ͪ
ͽ͹͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͊ͽ͹Βͪͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͳͼͽͳ΂;ΕͳͯͪtͷͰͯͳΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ; ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔ;
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͹͸ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͼͶ;ͱͳͽͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳͳ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻͰͷͳͻͪ ͪͶͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͳͻͪͼͺͳͻͳͬͪͽͳͻͪͼ͸; ͬͰͻͼ͵;ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͷͻͱΔ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷ
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͳͷͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͪ ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪi
͊ͽ͹Βͪͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͪͷͪͽͰͻͳ
Ͳͪͷͷ͹ͭ;ͳͲͪͲͬͪͽͳΒͪ΂ͳͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͬ͹Β;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;;ͳͼͽͳͷ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͌ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;;Ͷ͹ͭͪͷͰͯͳΒͪΒͰͼͻͪͲͷͰͻ͸͹ͬͰΕͪ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵
ͽͳͬ͸͹ͫͶͳͱͳͼͪͷ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͪ ͷ͹ͱͯͪ
΂ͪ͵ͳͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͯͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵;ΕͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸;ͺͪͱΔ;ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪ
ͬͪΔ; ͼͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͯ͹Ͳ͹ͷ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͋͹ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͰͬͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸;ͺͪͱΔ; ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͲͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳͷͰͼͪͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ
ͷͪ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ; ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔ;ͻͰͪͶ͸ͳ΀
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͫͳͽͳ͹ͫͪͲͻͳͬ͌ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͽ͹ͷͰ͊ͪͻ΁ͳ͸ͰͶͳ 4BSDJOFMMJ
ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪtͷͰͯͳΒͳ
͸ͳͼ; ͼͪͷ͹ ͺ͹ͭ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪΔͰͷ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͹ͯ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͇ͪ͸ͳͳͼͪͷͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂͵ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;i 4BSDJOFMMJ
ͼͽͻ

͌ͽ͹Β͸͹ͬ͹Β-ͼͽͪͻ͹Β;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ;ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪΔ;͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰ΁ͳ
Ͳ͸ͳ΀ͳΒͪͼ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͼͬͳͷͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͯͰͽͪΓͳͷͪ;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͈ͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ ͼ ͽͳͷ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͫͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͲͪͶͪͱ; Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀
ͺ;ͽͰͬͪͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔͪ ͼͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷͯͪͼͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸;ͯͳͫͪͲͳ΂͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͌ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ
;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ; ͽͰͲ; ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ; ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ; ΒͰͯ͸ͳ΀
ͯͰͲͪͬ;ͳ΃;Εͳ͹͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ ͳͽͳͷͰͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪͽͳͳ͹͸ͪ͵͹ ͬͰΕͲͪͽͰͭ͸;ͽ;
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͱͪͻͳ΃ͽͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͪͿͳͻͷͳͼͪͽͳ͸ͪͷͰͻ͸ͳͷ ͪͶͳͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͻ͸ͳͷ
΂ͳΔͰΔͰͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰΔͰͷ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͷ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ;
ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔ;ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
͆ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͪͱΓͳͬͳͅ͹ͻͪΒ;ͼͰͳͼͺ;͸ͳͽͳ͸͹ͻͷͰͼͰ͸
ͲͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͽͳͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔ;͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͈ͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ
͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷΒͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ ͪͶͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͫͳͽ͸ͪ;͹ͬͪ͵
ͬͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͳͬͳͯͪͷͪͽͰͻͳͲͷͪͳ͸Ͱͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͷ͹ͱͰͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͯ͹ͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱ
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͪ͵ͳͰͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͽͰͭ͸;ͽͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͽͰ͸ͲͳΒ;͋͹ͷͰͽͻͰͫͪͯ͹ͯͪͽͳͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
463
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͽͰΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͪͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ;ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͪ͌Ͷ͹ͭͪͷͰͯͳΒͪͽͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺ͹ͼ
ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͼͽͪͫͳͶͳ΃;ΕͳͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͶͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͪ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͷͰ
̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱ͸͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͽͳͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪ
ͽ͸͹ ͼͪ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ ͼͬͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ
ͻͪͯͳ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͳ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͻ͹΂͸͹ ͪ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͳͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸͹
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳͽͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͳͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹Εͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹ΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͭͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͲͳͽͰͽͪͺͻͳͶͳ
͵͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͳͽͳͷͰͺͻͰͯ;ͺͻͰͯͳͽͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͻͳͲͳ΁ͳͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͸ͰͼͪͬͰͼ͸͹ͭ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͭ; ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪͽͳ ͆Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹
;͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻͰ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸Ͱͫͳͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͻͪͼͺͶͪͷͼͪͬͪͶͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ
̸̸̸͇͉͇̺̺̾̽͆͊͋͆́̀̾͑͋̾͢͠–̸̸̸͈͍͇͉̺͇̻́͋̾́͆͋́͆̾͌̈́̾̾̽́͢͠ͅͅ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͭͶͪͼͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬͳ ͳͶͳͺͪ͵ͳͷ;͸ͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ͇ͼͰͽΓͳ
ͬ͹ͼͽͫͳͼͰͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͋͹ͫͳ
ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳ ͼͪͬͰͼ͸ͳͷ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ ͻͪͯ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͻͪͲ;ͷ͸ͳͷ ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪͬͪ
ΔͰͷͳͿͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͷͼͽͰͻͰ͸ͪ͋ͳͷͰͼͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ; ͪ
ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͼͰͬ͹ͯͳͻͪ΂;͸ͪͯͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;͵ͪͺͳͼͶ;͵͹ΒͪΕͰͻͪͼͺͶͪͷͼͪ
ͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ
͐ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͯͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͬͪΔͪ ͫͰͲͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͼ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͰ
͸ͳͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ ͼ;ͭͰͼͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͷ͹ͭ; ͳͷͪͽͳ ΃ͽͰͽ͸ͳΒͳ ͳ Βͪ΂ͳ ͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ
̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹ͯͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͫ;ͯ;͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹ͫͪͲͻͳͬͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹
ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪΔ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ͋͹ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;ͯͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;͹ͫͪͬͳͽͳ
΃ͳͻ;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹͸;͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;
ͷͰͬͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵;ͺͻ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͺͻ;ͱͪΔ;Βͪͼ͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸ͳ΀
ͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͹͵͹ΒͰͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;͈ͪͻͪͶͰͶ
͸͹ͼͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͷͳͻͳͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͪ͵ͽͰͻͰ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͺ͹͸;ͯ͹ͷͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͽͳͺ͹ͷͳͻΓͳͬͳͽ͹͸͹
ͬͳ ͳ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͽͳ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͌ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ ͳͼͺ;͸Ͱ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͳͺͻͰΒͪ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳͷͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͺͰ΃ͰΒ͹΃ͬͰΕͳͪ͸ͳͷ͹
ͲͳͽͰͽ ͽͳͷͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;Ͳͪ͹΃ͽͻͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͳ͸ͰΕͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͺͻͪͬΓͳ
ͬ;΃ͽͰͽ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͷͅͰͯͳΒͳͽ͹͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ
ͷͰͻ͸͹ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΒ; ͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͹ͷ ; ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͷͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷͳ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͆ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͻ;ΒͰ ͸ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͸Ͱ ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ
ͻͪ΂;͸ͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͳͼͺ;͸ͳͽͳ͸͹ͻͷͰ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ
͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪͽͰ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̺Ͱ͹ͷͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͸Ͱͳͼ͵;ͼ͸ͳ ͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰ ͽ; ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁; ΃ͽ͹
ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͬͰΕͰͰͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳ;ͯͪΓͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
464
͌ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸;ͳͲ͸ͪ
΂ͪΒ͸; ͺͪͱΔ; ͽͻͰͫͪ ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ; ͳ ͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ̺ͪͱ͸ͪ ΒͰ
͸Ͱͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͲͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͋͹ΒͰͬͪͱ
͸͹;ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͱͳͬͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͳ
ͬͰͻͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͳͼ͸ͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͳͬͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͊ͬͰͼ;
ͽ͹ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͫͳͽͳ ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͼͰ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ
ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͽ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺͶͪͼͳͻͪͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ͵͹Βͪͼͪͯͻͱͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͷͰΌ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͼ;ͱͳ
ͬ͹ͽͪ͆Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪΒͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹;;ͱͪͻͰ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ;ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸ͪ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳ
ΒͰͽͪ͵ͬͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͳͪ͵ͽͳ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͌ͼͽͪͬ ͲͪͫͻͪΔ;Β;΁Ͱ͸Ͳ;ͻ;ͳͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵
ͬ͹ͷͰ΃ͪΔͰͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͪ͸΁ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͷͳͼͶͳ
͋;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹ΒͷͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͳ ͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁Ͱ
͸ͰͷͰͯͳΒͪͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪͻͰͪͭ;ΒͰ;ͯͪͽ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͋ͪͯͪΒͰͷ͹ͱͯͪͳ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹
ͯ͸͹;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹;ͬͰͼͽͳ΁Ͱ͸Ͳ;ͻ;͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͺͻͰͯ;ͺͻͰͯͳͶͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͳͰͼ͵ͪͶͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͵ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͼ;ͲͫͳΒͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͳΓͪͳͶͳΒͰͺͪ͵ͻͰ΂͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͬ;͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͬ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸ͳͼͽ͹Βͳ;ͬͰ͵Ͷͪ͵͹ͲͪͺͪΓͳͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͻͪͼ͸ͳ΀ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͊ͪͬͰͽ Ͳͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪ Ͳͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͳͷͪͳͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͻͰΌ;Β;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳ΀ͳͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒ̸ͪͶͪͻͷͪ͸ͽ͸ͳΒͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͽ͹΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͽͰͶ͹͵͹ΒͰΕͰͺͻͪͽͳͽͳͳ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͽͳͻͪͯ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͼͬͰͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳͬͳͯ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ ͪ
ͳͷͪͳΒͪͼ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳ ; ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͵ͪ͹
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͰͼͷͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ;ͼͬͻ΀;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͷͻͱΔͰͳ
͸ͪͼͳΓͪ̓͹ͯͰ͵ͼͳ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͬ͹ͯͰͻͪ΂;͸ͪ͹ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;ͳͻͪͯ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;
ͷͰͯͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ ͸Ͱ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;΁Ͱ͸Ͳ;ͻͰ ͬͰΕ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪ
Δͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͋Ͱ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ ͬͳͲ;ͰͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͪͽͳͳΒͪ΂ͳͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͳͲͻͪͲͳͽͳͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͲͪͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ̾ͽͳ΂͵͹ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͷͰͯͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳ
Βͳͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ
͐ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͱͰ
ͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪΕͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͷͻͱΔͰͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕͬͰ͹ͷͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪΒͰ
ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͼ͵ͪͲͪͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷtͰͼͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹
ͽͰͷͰΓͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͬͰͼͽͳ
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͰͱͪ͸ͻ͹ͬͰ͋ͪ͵͹ ΒͰͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͸ͷͳͽ ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ;
͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹΃ͽͰΔͰ ͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͿͰͻ-ͺͶͰΒ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͻͰ΂Β; – ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽi ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͇ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽΒͰ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͪ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪͽͳ;
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ͋ͳͷͰͼͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ;Ͳͪͼͽ;
ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ;͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ; ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͵ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹

ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͽͳ΂;͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽ ͺ͹Ͷ
ͻͪͼͪ ͫͻͪ͵ ͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸ͪͯ͹ͫͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪͳͶͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͊ͪ ͼͬͰ ͬͰΕͳͷ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͪ ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͼͰͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͷͽͰͶͪ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪͽͳͯͪ͸ͪͯͭͶͰͯͪͳͯ͹͸Ͱ͵ͶͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱͳ
͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱͻͪͯ͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ͷͰͯͳΒͪt̾͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹ͬͰͶͪΒͰͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪ
ͯͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͹͸ͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͼ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͪ ͫͳͬͪΒ; ͲͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ ͼͽͰͻͳͶ͸ͳͷ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳΒͳͷ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͹ͷ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ ΒͰͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ
ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͪͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳͷͪi ͪͅ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͋ͻͰͫͪͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͻͪ΂;͸ͪ͹Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷͳͷͪ ͺͪͳ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
ΓͪΒ; ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒ; ͺͻͳͷͪ͹΁ͪ ͸ͪ ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵; ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ΁Ͱ͸Ͳ;ͻͰ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͐Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰ;ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͳͯͳͻͰ͵
ͽͪ͸ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͷͻͱΔͰ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͸ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͪͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͼͺ͹Ͳͳͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͶͳ͸΂ ΃ͽ͹ ;
ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͲͪ͹΃ͽͻͪͬͪΔ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳͬͪΔ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;
ͼ͹ͬͳͷ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͳΒͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵; ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͻͪ΂;͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͷͰͯͳΒͪ̀ͫ͹ͭ
ͽ͹ͭͪͣͪͶ͹ͬͳΕͳ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;Β;ͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͼͬͰͷͪΔͰ΂ͳͽͪ tͪͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͭͶͰͯͪ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͬͰͻ;ΒͰ ͪ
ͼͬͰͷͪΔͰͼ;ͷΔͪͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ΃;ͽͳ ͪͼͬͰͷͪΔͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪi ͣͪͶ͹ͬͳΕͳ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͫͻ͹Β Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͻͪͯͳ͹-
ͯͳͿ;Ͳ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸ͳ΀ͳͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ͷͰͯͳΒͪ͋͹ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ
΃ͳͻ͹͵ ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͻ ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ; ͫͰͲ ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ Ͷͳ ͼͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͹
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͳͶͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͸Ͱ ͳͲ͸Ͱ͸ͪΌ;ΒͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͼͶͳ΁ͪͷͰͼͽͪ΃ͪͻ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΃ͽ͹ͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ ͯ;ͫͳ͸; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ
Ͳͪͷͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶ;͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸ͪΒͰͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͶͪͼͳ
ͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ;ͭͶ͹ͬͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ͹ ͼ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ͸ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͪͶͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͳ Ͳͪͷ͵; ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ Ͳͪͻͪͯ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹
;ΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲͳͽͳͯͰͽͪΓͰͳt͹Ϳͳ΁ͳΒͰͶ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱi͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͳͲͫͰͭͶͪ
Ͳͪͷ͵ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͺͰ΂ͪͽͪͺ͹ͻ;΁ͳ͵͹Β;ͷͰͯͳΒͺͶͪͼͳͻͪ
̸̸̸͇̹̺͇̺̺͉͍͇͉̾̓͋́͆́̀̾͑͋̾́͑́̾̾̽̾̀́͆͢͢͠ͅ͏̸́͠
͇ͺ΃ͽͪΒͰͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͯͪͼ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳΒ͹΃
ͬͳ΃Ͱ Ͳͪ͹΃ͽͻͰ͸ͳ ͋͹ͷͰ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ ͳ ͹΃ͽͻͳΒͪ ͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͳͻͪ͸ͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ;Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ΒͰͯͪ
ͼͰ ͽͪΒ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ ͳ ;ͼͷͰͻͳ ͵ͪ ͺ;ͽͰͬͳͷͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͠Ͱͯ͸; ͹ͯ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͼͽ;ͫ͹ͬͪ
ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪͷͳͻͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͽ͹΃ͽ͹ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ;
ͼͬͰͽ;ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳͼͪͼͬͰͬͰΕ͹ͷͯͳͭͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͯ͹Εͳͯ͹͸ͪΒͲͪͫͪ
΂Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͭͯͰͶͪͼͬͰͽͪ͋;ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͫͳͷͰͯͳΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͻͪͯͳ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;̾ͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͸ͪͫ͹Β;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;ͳͺͶͪͼͳ
ͻͪΔ;͵ͬͪͲͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͪ
466
΂ͪ͵ͳ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͳͷͪͻͪͲ;ͷ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ͈ͻͬͳͽͪ͵ͪͬΒͪͬ͸ͳͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀
ͯͰͼͳ͹ͼͰ;ͷͪͻͽ; ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͹ͭ͹ΓͰ͸͹ͷͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹ͷ ͫͰͲͳͷͪͶ͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ
Ͱͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͺͰ΃ͳͶͳͳͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͶͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ
͵ͽͪͳͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͲͳͽͰͽ̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͲͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͲ͸ͪ
΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͶͳͳͯͪΒͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪͱͰΓͪͲͪͼͪͷ͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͸ͳͽͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪ
ͼͽͻ;΂͸ͪͼ;ͲͯͻͱΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ͊Ͷ;΂ͪΒͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͯͪͼ;;ͽ͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;
ͷͰͯͳΒͳͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͳͭͶͪͬ͸;ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬ;;ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔ;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ
̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͳͲͬͰͼͽͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͳΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͹
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͪ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͆ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷ
ͷͰͼͽ; ΒͰ Βͪͼ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ; ͼͪͷ͹Β ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ ͹ͯ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵;Εͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͹ͯ ͱ;ͽͰ ΃ͽͪͷͺͰ ͳ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪ ͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͰ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ΃ͽͪΒͰͷͪΔͰͲͶ͹ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ– Ͳͪͻͪͯͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͽͳͻͪͱͪͳͶͳͷͳ͸;ͽͪͱͰ
ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͰ ͯͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸Ͱ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ́ Ε;ͽͪΔͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ
ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͳ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁Ͱ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͼ;͊ͻͫͳ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ͹ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸͹ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪ ͋ͳͷͰ ͼͰ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;͸ͪͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ΃ͽ͹ͯͪΓͰͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳ
ͬͪΔ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͳͻΓͳͬͳ΀Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
͆Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪ ͼͰ
ͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͯͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;̽͹͸Ͱ͵ͶͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͳͻͪͲ;
ͷͰͽͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼͽͪͬͪ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͯͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͸ͰͱͰͶͳͯͪ
ͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
ͺͻͪͽͰͷͰͯͳΒͰͳͲ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ΃;͹ͯͰͽͪΓͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽͳ΂;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͬͪͱ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΒͰͼͽͰΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ͽͰͳͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ΒͳͱͰΓͪͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͪͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ΁ͪͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͼ͵;ͺͪͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪͲͪͷͰͯͳ
ΒͰ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΒͰͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ;͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹ΒͼͻͪͲͷͰͻͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͳͶͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͰͽͳ͵ͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ͊͵͹ͻ͹ ͯͪͳ͸Ͱͷͪͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ;
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͪͬͰ͸ͰͼͽͪͶͳͷͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳͷͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͭͻ͹ͫ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ͹ͷ
Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͷ ͻͪͽ͸ͳͷ ͫ͹Ͷ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͷ ͼͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͽͶ; ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ ͳ
ͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸͹ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ ͹ ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͳͲ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͱͻͽͪͬͪ ͳ
͹ͼ͹ͫͪ ͼͪ ͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͇ͬͰ ͽͰͷͰ ͸Ͱ ;ͽͳ΂; ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳ
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Β͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸͵ͪͷͰ͸ͼͺ͹ͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͪ͸ͭͪͱ;Β;ͽͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸͹ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͳͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ΂͵ͪͯͰͫͪͽͪ͹͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷ̸ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭ
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹;ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͯͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͪͳ͸Ͱͷͪ ͳͶͳͼ;ͺ͹͸;ΌͰ͸ͰͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͰͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳͪ͸Ͱͷͳ΂͸Ͱͯͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͹ͲͫͳΓͪ͸ͺ͹ͷͪ͵͵ͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳ
Βͪ͊ͽͳ΂ͰͼͰ;ͽͳͼͪ͵ͯͪͽ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ; ΒͰͻͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͼ;΃ͪ͸ͳͲͬ͹ͻ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵; ͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹Βͪ
΂ͪͽͳͽͳͻͪͱͷͳ͸;ͽͪͱ;ͳͽͳͷͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͽͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͯ͹ͫͳͽ͵;
ͅͰͯͳΒͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͪͯͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ
͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͸Ͱͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͭ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͼͪ ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͷ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ
467
͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼ͹ͷͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ͆Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͰͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯ;ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͳͲͬͳ΃ͰͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͳͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ͸͹ͳͲͬͰ΃
ͽͪͬͪΔͰ ͳͽͯ ;ͽͳ΂; ͸ͪ tͻͪͼͽͻͰͼͳͽ͹ͼͽi ͽͶͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͭ ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬͪ͸ΒͰͳͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͼͽͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͼ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͷͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͽͰͼͰͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͬͻ΃ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ
ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸͹Β
ͼͿͰͻͳ ΒͰͻͼ;ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͳ͹ͯͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͳͻͪΔͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰͽͪ͸ͳͼͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͷͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯ
ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͼͪͷ͹ͭͷͰͯͳΒͪ
͆ͳΒͰͻͰͯͪ͵ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͯͪͼͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͳ͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͷͰΕ;ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;tͼͳͻ͹ͬͪiͳ͸Ͱͯ͹
ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͰ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͶͪͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵ͪͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪͶͪͺͻ͹Ͳͳͬ͵ͪ΂ͰͶ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵͹Βͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͰΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͻͰͯͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͪͿͰͻͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ
Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͰͳͽͳͷͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͳͬͪͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͵͹Βͳ;ͽ͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;
ͽ͵;ͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͫͳͽͳ͸ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰͷ͸ͳͬ͹;̓ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͬͻͶ͹͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ;ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͷͰͯͳΒͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͫͪͬͰ͈ͻͰͷͪ͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͳͷͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͪ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͪͽͰͻͪͯͷͰͯͳΒͪ
͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;Ͳͪ͸ͰͷͪͻͳͽͳͶͳ΂͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͸ͪ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͷͪ
;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͹ͼͳͷ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͬͪͱ͸͹Ͳͪͼͪͷ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ;͊Ͱ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲͪͷͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ ; ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹
͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸ͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͸Ͱ͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪ͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͬͰΕͼͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͲͪͻͪͯͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Β;͹ͯΔͳ΀͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ͋ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵ͪΒͰͷ͹ΕͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͯͳͿ;Ͳ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͪ͵͹ΒͪͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪ
ͫͻͲ͹ ͻͰͪͭ;Β; ͳ ͬͰΕ ͸ͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪΔͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͺͻͰ΂Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͻͪͼͺͶͪͷͼͪͬͪΔͰ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ
͑ͳͻͰΔͰͯͰͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͳͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸͹;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͷͺͪΔͪͳ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ ͺ͹ Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽ͵; ͼͪͷ͹ͭ ͭͶͪͼͪΔͪ ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ ͫͻ͹Βͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͽ͹ͷ
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͳͱͰΓͰͲͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͳͰ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͷͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͪ;ͼͶͰͯ;ͷͪΔͰ͸͹ͭͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͵ͪͯ
ͻ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ; ͷͰͯͳΒͳͬͻͶ͹΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁;ͺͻͳ
ͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͽͳͷ ;ͬͰͲͳͽͻͰͫͪͫͳͽͳ ͹ͫͪͲͻͳͬΒͰͻ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽͪ͵ͪͬ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲ͸ͳͷͽͰͷͪͷͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͰͬͳͻͪΔͪͷ͹ͱͰͳͲͪͲͬͪͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ
͸Ͱ͸ͰͷͳͻͰ͋͹ͷͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͳͽͰ΃͵ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ
͸Ͱ͸ͰͷͳͻͰ΂ͳ͸ͳΒ͹΃ͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳΒͳͷͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬΒͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͽ͹ͭͪͼͬͰͼ͸ͳͳͯͪͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͷ;ͼͬͰ
ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͻͪͯΔͰ;ͼͿͰͻͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳ͹ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ;ͭͪ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ
͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͈ͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͳͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͼ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͸Ͱ
͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͻ;ͭͪ
΂ͳΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ͆Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͳͼͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε;;ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͰͯͳΒͪͯͪͼͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ
͸͹ͷ͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͺͰ΃;Β;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ;
͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͷ͹ͱͯͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳ ͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͳͶͳ ͺͪ͵
͹ͼͶͪΔͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͼͰͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ΃;ͷͪͲͫ͹ͭΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͰͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵;ͯͪͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͪ͵͸;ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹Ε
468
ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͪͯͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺͶͪͼͳͻͪ
ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͯͪͷͰͯͳΒͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;
ͺͪͳ͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪͯͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ ͳ͸ͪͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪΒ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳ
Β;̓ͪͯͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͻͪͯͪͳ͵ͪͯͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͫ;ͯ;;͹͵
ͬͳͻͰ͸Ͱ ; ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪ͸ ͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ ͹ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹Β ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͱͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ͌ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪͯͪͳͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻ͸ͪͽͰͶͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹
;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;ͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͻͰͪͭ;Β;͸ͪͺͶͪͼͷͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹
ͯͪͼͰ ͺͻͰͯ;ͺͻͰͯͳͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͳͪ͵ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͭͱͪͻͳ΃ͽ͉ͪͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͽͰͶͪ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹Ͳͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͰͶͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;͵͹Β;ΒͰͺͶͪͼͳͻͪ͸ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͳͲͪͲͬͪͶͪ ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸ͪ ͳ Ͳͯͻͪͬ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͼ͵ͪ ͼͪͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͪͷ͹ͭ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ; ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ΒͰͻ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͰͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱ
͆ͰͽͻͰͫͪͲͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻͳͽͳ͸ͳͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪͯͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ
͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫͳͷ͹ͱͰͳͲͪͲͬͪͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳ
Β;͌ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪΔͰͷ͹ͱͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪͽͳΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͪͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ
;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸͵ͪͿͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͠ͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪΒͰ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ΒͰͻͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼ
ͽͳͽͳͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͭͶͪͼ ΂;ΒͰͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͳ
ͼͪͷͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͸ͳͼ; ; Ͳͪͬͳͯ͸͹Β Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁Ͱ ͳ ͽͳͷͰ ;
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͳͯͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͳͲͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͫ;ͯ;ͯͰ͹ͷͰͯͳΒ
ͼ͵͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͰͬͰ͹ͷͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͫ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β
ͷͰͻͳͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͳͻͳͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͰͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͫͳͷͰͯͳΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͼͬ͹Β
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΃;͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭ ͼ;
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͲͫͰͭ͸;
ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͰͲͪͷ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͪͺͳͼͶͪͲͪͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ
̸̸͉͇̺͈͉͇͇̾̽́͊̓́̽́͊̓͌͊́͊͌͐̾͊͑̈́͑ͣ͌͢͠ͅ
͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΔͪͼͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹΃Ε;ͼͰͺͻ͹Ͷ͹͸ͭͳͻͪ ͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷͽͰͷͪͷͪͫͳͬͪ͹ͭͻ
͸;ͽ͹ͬͰͶ͹ͷtͲͪͬͰͻͰΕ;ͽͪΔͪi͹ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ;͈;΀ͪͶ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͯͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳͺ͹ͶͪͲͰ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͰtͲͪΔͳ΀͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ΂͹ͬΒͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͳΒͰΓͰ
͸͹ ͸ͪ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͹ͫͳΓͰͱͪ͸ͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͹ͷ ͳ ͲͪͼͰͫ͸ͳͷ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷi ͈;΀ͪͶ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͼͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͳͻΓͳͬͰͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͽͰͽͰt͸ͪ΃Ͱiͳ tΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹i ͪ͵ͪͯͪͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͭͼ;ΌͰΔͪ ͹͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼ
ͺͻͰͯͲ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͺͽ;ͱͰ͸͹ͭ͋ͪ͵ͬͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺͻͰΕ;ͽ
͵ͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͼ;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͲͪͶͪͱ;
Ͳͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΔͰͼͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹΃Ε; ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͷͪͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹
Ͳͳͬ͵ͪͷͪ;Ͳ͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͰͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ͭͳͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͻͰ΁ͳͺͻ͹΁ͳͽͰͽͪ͋ͪ͵ͪͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ
΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͹ Δͳͷͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰΕͰ ;Ͳͯͻͱͪ͸͹ͼͽ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪ͠;ͼͳΕͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ͸ͪͷΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ͹Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ tͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͯͳͼ͵;ͻ
ͼͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ; ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ
469
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹͸ͪͷΒͰ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͬͰͲͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪͳͷ͹Εͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ
ͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͬͰͲͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͪͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵
ͽ; ͪͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪi ͠;ͼͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
ͅͰͯͳΒͳ;ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳ͹ͺͻͰͲ͸ͳ ΒͰͻͫͳ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͸Ͱͺͻ͹
ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͷ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͷ͹ͭͶͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ
΂͵Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰΒͰ΃ͽ;ͻͳͼ;ͬ͹ͺͪͻͪ͸ ͳͶͳͼ͵ͻͪͽ͵ͳͷͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳͷ
ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͰͷ̽;ͱͳ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳ ͵͹Ͷ;ͷ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͳͳ;ͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ΃ͽͪͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪtͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͻͰͼ;ͯͰi ͫͰͲͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱ ͪͼ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͸ͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͪͷͰͺ͹ͼͰͫͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͶͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳ;tͼͶ͹ͫ͹
ͯ͸͹ͷi ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰ͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͯͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͪ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ;ͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵ͻͳͬͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͼͰͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͬͻͪΕͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ ͳ ͺͻͰͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔͰ ͵ͻͳͬͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͪ ͹͸; ͯͻ;ͭ; ͼͽͻͪ͸;
ͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͰ ͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͹ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͷͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸; ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͸ͪͯͰ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͱͻͽͪͬͪ
͊ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͰ ; ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ; ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰͺ͹ͯ ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͻͳͼͷ͹ͽͻ͹ͷͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ ͼ
ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͯ ͬͰͶ͹ͷ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͅͳͶͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ
ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ ͯͪ tͺ͹ͷͰͻͪΔͰ ͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ͭ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ Ϳ͹͵;ͼͪ ͼͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ ͸ͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͪ;͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͼͳͭ͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ
΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰi ͅͳͶͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͬͰΒͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪͯͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͳͲͪͬͳͼͰ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰΒͪͬ͸ͪͼͿͰͻͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͰͻͬͳͼͬͶͪͯͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽ;ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳ͸ͰͿͳͶͽͻͳͻͪ͸ͳͳ͸Ͱͼͪ͸͵΁ͳ͹
͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͷͻͱΔͰ ͵͹ΒͳͫͰͲͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͷͰͻͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ͸ͪͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͳ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͪͅͶͳΒͰͫͻ͹Β͹͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵;Εͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͿͰ
ͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͻͪͲ;ͷ͸͹ͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹;ͼͺͰͶͰͯͪͼͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͰͽ͹ͷͳ͸Ͱͻͽ͸͹ͷͽͪͶͪͼ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͭ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͳͼͪΔͪͳͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹ͷͿͪ͸ͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ;͑ͽͰͽͪ͵͹Β;ͷͰͯͳΒͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ΒͰ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΂͸ͪ ΒͰͻΒͰ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸ͪ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͸ͪͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͿͰͻͰͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͳ΀ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹Β Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͳ ͻͪͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹
Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͪͳ͹ͼͬͰͱͰ͸ͪͰͽ͸͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ
ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͊ͪͷͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪ͹ͼͶͳ͵ͪΒ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͼ;ͼ
ͽͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸ͳ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͸ͼͺͪͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹΃Ε;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪΔͪͳ
͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷͲͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽͳͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵;ͼͿͰͻ;ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͶͰ
̺ͰͶͳ͵ͪΒͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰͼͶ;ͱͰ ͪ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͳͼ;ͯͰ͹ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪ̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰͫͪ΃ͽͪ͵ͬͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͻͰ΂;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪͯͪͼͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͭͪͼͳ ͊͵͹ͻ͹ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ
ͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͳͲͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͳͶͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͯͳ΂͸͹ͭͳ͸΁ͳͯͰ͸ͽͪͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͳͪ
ͯͳ͸ͳΒͪͼ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͳͼ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͷͳͽͪͬ͹ΌͰ;Ͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;͵͹͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ Ͱ;ͿͰͷͳͲͷͪ ͳͶͳ ΒͰ ͺͪ͵ ; ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͪ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ
470
͊Ͱ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪ ͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͬͰΕͰͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͻͰ΁ͳͺͳΒͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͪ
ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͬͰΕ ΂ͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳΒͪ ͳ ͬͳΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼ΁Ͱ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺ; ͳ
ͫͪ͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͿͳͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͪͿͰͻͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͪ΃ΔͰͭ
tͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭi͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ
̸̸̓̀̓͌͐̓͌͡
ͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͹ͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪΒ;ͳ͸ͪΒͪͬΓ;Β;
ͼ;ΌͰΔͪͲͪͻͪͽ͸ͰͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͋ͪͯͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͬͰͻ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸; ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͺ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳͷͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͅͰͯͳΒͳ ͺ͹ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ ͸Ͱͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬͳͶ; ͫͳͻͪΒ; ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;
͹ͺͽ;ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;Εͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱͳ ;͵ͪͲ;Β;ΕͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹͸ͪ͸Ͱͬͳ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ
ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͯ͹΃ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͯͼ;ͯͳΒͰͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹΂Ͱ͹͠͹΃ ;ͼͪͷ͹ͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵͹ͷ
͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ;ͳͶͳͯ;΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸͹ͭͷͰͯͳΒͪͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͻͪͼͰͽ͹͸ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͳͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰͯͪΓͰ
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹΂ͳͽͪͽͳ͌ͱͰΌͳͲͪͬͰΕͳͷͽͳͻͪͱͰͷ ͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹΃Ε;ͳͼͶ;΃ͪ͸͹΃Ε; ͷͰͯͳΒͳͼͰ
͸ͰͶͳͫͰͯͪͼͬ͹ΒͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸΁ͳͺͳͻͪΒ; ͼ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹͹ͷͺͪͽͰͽͳ͵Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳͼͰͳͲͪͲͬͪ͹
ͰͿͰ͵ͪͽͰͷͺͪͽͳΒͰͳͽͳͷͰΒ͹΃͸Ͱ͹ͼ;ΌͰ͸ͳ͹ͺͽ;ͱͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͶͳ͸Ͱͯ;ͱ͸ͳͷͅͰͯͳΒͳͽͪͯͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬ
ΓͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻ; ͳͲ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ͳ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͬͰΕͳͯ;͵͹ͻͪ͵ͯͪΓͰ͵ͪͳͯ͹ͶͪͽͻͳΒͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳͯ͹Ͷ͹ͺ͹͵Ͷ͹͸ͼͽͬ; ͵͹ΒͰͯͪΓͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͶͳ΂
͸ͳͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͱͻ͹ͳͲͪͷͼͪͺͻͰͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͷͲͪͼͶ;ͭͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͪͷ͹ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͲ;ͷ
́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹ͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͪͽ͵ͰͳͼͪͱͰͽͰ ͪ ͺͻͪͬͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳ͹ͺͳͼͼͰ͸ͪͲͪ͹
ͫͳͶͪͲͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳͶͳͰͿͰͷͰͻ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͬͶͪ΂Ͱ͆͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͳͼͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͽͻ;ͯͰͯͪͼͰͫͪͬͰͺͻͪͬͳͷ
͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͷ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͽͰͼͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͰͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͳ͸Ͱͳͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;ͳ͸Ͱͷͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͰͱͰΓͰͯͪͼͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ;ΒͰͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ ͵ͻͳͬͪ΁ ͳͶͳ ͫͪͻͰͷ ͸Ͱ΂ͳΒͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ̸͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͺ͹΃ͽͪͺͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͵͹Β; ͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͳͺͻͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ tͺͻͰͺͳͼ;Β;ΕͳiΒͰ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͯͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͽͻͰͫͪ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͳ͹͵ͻͰ
͸;ͽͳͼͰ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͸Ͱͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͪ ͽͰͷͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹Ͷ;ͷ͸ͳͳ
;ͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΃ͽͳͽͰΕͳͼͰͫͰͳͯͻ;ͭͰ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀ͺͻ͹Ͳͳͬ͵ͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΔͪͼͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹΃Ε;ΒͰͼͽͰͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹ΒͰͷ ͹ͼͳͷΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͰͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͼͰ͹͸͹ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͸Ͱͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͻͳ΁ͪΔͰ
ͪ Ͳͪ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͰ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹
ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͺ͹ͻͳ΁ͪΔͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͳ΀͹ͳ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͶͪͭͪΔͰͼͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ
͌ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;̸Ͷ͵ͪͶͪΒͺ͹ͯͬͶͪ΂ͳͯͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͳtͷͪͼ-ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼ;Ͳͪ΂ͪͻͪ͸ͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ
ͷͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͬͶͪͼͽͳ΁ͪ ͫͳͶ͹ͯͪ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ̺͋ ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͷͪͼ͹ͬͪ͸
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳͽͰͽ ͬͰΕ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳ ͪ;ͻ; ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Β; Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͺͪͱΔͰ
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;;͹΂ͳͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͼͳͷͺͪͽͳͲͰͻͪͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪi ̸Ͷ͵ͪͶͪΒ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͼͰ͸Ͱ
ͫͳͻͪΒ;ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ͹ͯͶͪͱͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͪ ͯͰͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
471
ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͳͼ͵ͻͳͬΓͰ͸ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͵ͬͪͲͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͯ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ;ΒͰͻͰ΁ͳͺͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͼͬͰͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰͽͪͽͰͷͪ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͳͶͳͲͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻͳ
ͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭtͭ͹ͻ;ΕͰͭiͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͷͰͯͳΒ;Γ;Γ͵ͪ;ͺͻͳ
ͽͪΒͰ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ;͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃͹Βͳͳͼ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ΒͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͭͶͪ
ͬ͸ͳ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͳͺͻͰ;Ͳͳͷͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͼͬͪ͵;ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸;ͻͰ΂ͳͷͳͼͪ͹͵͹Βͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ
ͅ͹ͻͪͷ͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͷͰͯͳΒͳ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ;ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;
t;ͯͪͻ͸ͰiͽͰͷͰ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͪͷͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ
ͳ͹͸ͰͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹
ΒͪΔͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳ;ͲͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͲͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͰͷ
͋ͰͷͰ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰΕ;ͽͳ
ΒͰͼ; ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹͸Ͱ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͳͶͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱ ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ; ͈͹ ͺͻͪͬͳͶ; ͼͰ ͹͸ͯͪ ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪ ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͪ ͳ ͼͽͻ;΂͸ͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͪ͸;Ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͰͫͪͽ͸ͰΒͪͬ͸ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰͼͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲͼͽͻ;΂͸ͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰΒͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͯͰͽͪΓͪ ͼͬͰͯͰ͸ ͸ͪ ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ ͊ͰͶͰ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Β;
ͷͰͯͳΒͳͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͯͪͫͳͻͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͳͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ;Ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰ ͼ;ͺͶͳͽͪΔͰͷͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ;͵ͪͲ;Β;
͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͹ͶͰt͸Ͱ;ͺͪͯΓͳͬ͹ͭiͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͵͹ΒͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͬͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͫͻͲ͹
ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͇ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͰͯͳΒͳ;ͽͳ΂;͵ͻ͹ͲͺͻͰͲͰ͸
ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͰͳͲͪ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͸ͼͺͪ
ͻͰ͸ͽ͸ͰͿͶ͹ͼ͵;ͶͰt͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪi ͳͲͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ͵ͻͳΒ; ͺͪͳ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ;
͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸ͳ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̸Ͷ͵ͪͶͪΒ ́

ͅͰͯͳΒͳͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ̺͹Β͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ ͼͽͻ–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
̹ͪͻ͹ͬͳΕ ̺
́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͼͪ ͺ͹ͺͶͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳ
ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͬͰ͵ͪ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͺ͹Ͷͳͼͪ ͫͻ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ9*7–
͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̀ ̹
͊ͪ͸ ͹ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ – ͷͳͽ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰ ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ,
–
͠;ͼͳΕ ͋ (2008). ͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ ; ̻ ͚ͰͻͳΕ
;ͻ
́͸ͽͳͷͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͍ͪͫͻͳ͵ͪ ͵Δͳͭͪ
ͪͅ͸ͳΕ ͅ
ͅͰͯͳΒͳ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͍ͪͯͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͲͪͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳΒ;ͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͪͬ͠͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͪ͐ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͲͪ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͉Ͱ΂ –213.
͈;΀ͪͶ͹ ͊
͊ͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔͰ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ͹'SJFESJDI&CFSU4UJGUVOH
472
Sarcinelli, U. (2011). ͈ͪͻͽͳΒͰͳͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͯͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ;
";FSGBT ͉ͪͯͅ͹Β͵͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳ;ͻ
ͅͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͳ ͼͽͻ
160–
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͍ͪͯ͹͸ͯͪ΁ͳΒͪt̓͹͸ͻ̸ͪͯͯͰ͸ͪ;Ͱͻi ͅͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ ͠;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ
͊ͽ͹Βͪͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
͆͹ͪͷ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;
ͯͳΒͰ
ſBMPWJǀ D. i +FWUPWJǀ Z. (2011). Kriza demokracije u globalnom medijapolisu. 'JMP[PGTLBJTUSBßJWBOKB,vol. 30,
no. –
͍͹͸ͯͲͪ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ͵ΔͳͭͪͺͪͷΕͰΔͪ–̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
.*)"+-01."/*ſ
.*»".450+"%*/07*Ƃ
OBJECTIVITY OF MEDIA REPORTING IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS
SUMMARY
This paper analyzes the media approaches to conflicts and crisis areas. It is the fact that one-sided re-
porting, without analytic approach and with unverified information and suggestive sensationalism, can have
a harmful effect. Therefore, it is important that media reporting must be objective and especially cautious in
situations when they report in conflict areas. This assumes an obligation that media must have wider role
than the one that is an integral part of their everyday engagement. This also assumes the existence of proac-
tive media which unequivocally insists on the providing of clear, unbiased and current information about
causes and consequences of conflicts on which they report. At the same time, with the professional media
PCKFDUJGJDBUJPO JUJTOFDFTTBSZUPiSFDPODJMFuUIFWBSJPVTBDUPSTJODPOGMJDUTXJUIUIFPGGFS of possible platform
on which they can build conciliatory tones and on which they can define potential solutions. If media are
unable to fulfil the basic role of their existence, and if they accelerate conflicts using excessive linguistic forms,
they will greatly encourage confrontations and conflict situations, and at the same time they will cause irre-
versible damage to the communities in conflicts. Media often intentionally or unintentionally intensified
conflicts with their nonanalytic approach to objective reporting, or with using politically incorrect terminol-
ogy and underestimation of the situation in the name of sensationalistic reporting. In this way media encour-
age inadequate reporting not taking into account the fact that it is necessary to fulfil norms of sensitivity to
DPOGMJDUT BOEBMTPOPUUBLJOHJOUPBDDPVOUDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPGUIBUQBSUJDVMBSTJUVBUJPOi*OFYQFSJFODFEuBOE
irresponsible media very often cross that line which leads to the escalation of conflicts and which makes
search for peacefully solutions impossible.
,&:803%4 media, conflicts, reporting, media objectification.
473
-673/.674(497.7)
ZORAN D. MATEVSKI1
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Sociology, Skoplje, Republic of Macedonia
%64),"/."5&74,"2
6OJWFSTJUZi&VSP-#BMLBOuJO4LPQKF
Faculty for the Study of South East Europe, Republic of Macedonia
3&-*(*064$0/'-*$54"/%%*"-0(6&*/5)&
R&16#-*$0'."$&%0/*"1"45$)"--&/(&4
"/%'6563&1044*#*-*5*&4*/5)&(-0#"-
40$*&5:
A#453"$5 Sociologically interpreted, tolerance is patience, accepting the other people’s beliefs, allow-
ing the validity of principles which do not belong to oneself, and yet they have to be recognized in the spirit of
civil rights and freedoms. Tolerance is an accepted deviation from one’s own beliefs. Interreligious tolerance
may be the most difficult task especially of the present. To accept something we are unfamiliar with, some-
thing which deviates from our tradition, customs and habits, is indeed a challenge. Of course, if it does not
develop into religious fanaticism and extremism. Certain organizations or groups which are directed against
the peace process in R. Macedonia and other regions in the world, continue to use terrorist tactics and meth-
ods in an attempt to destabilize the delicate balance of peace. Religion is able to mobilize social groups that
strive for power and influence in the globalized society where they feel marginalized or consider the global-
ized society as some kind of threat. This is the reason why identity crisis makes religious fundamentalism the
most prevalent and most controversial ideology of modern time. Interestingly, despite the fact that Christian-
ity and Islam are essentially similar to one another, being derived from a common ancient basis in Judaism
and all preaching peace as an ideal, R. Macedonia and the Balkans have always been considered among the
most conflicting regions in Europe. These religions are also very collectivistic. Connections with them easily
become a sign of political or national loyalty.
,&:803%4 religious conflicts, religious tolerance, Christianity, Islam.
*/530%6$5*0/
One of the LFZRVFTUJPOTBTLFEJONPEFSOTPDJPMPHZPGSFMJHJPOJTXIBUJTUIFDSVDJBMSPMFPGSFMi-
gion when conflicts between civilizations, ethnic groups, classes, genders, sects or peer groups wash up
1
zmatevski@fzf.ukim.edu.mk
2
dmatevska@hotmail.com
474
MATEVSKI, MATEVSK̸Religious conflicts and dialogue in R. MBDFEPOJBQBTU challenges...
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)PXBOEIPXNVDIEPUIFZDPOUSJCVUFUPUIFDSFBUJPOPGDPOEJUJPOTXIFSFDPPQFSBUJPOCFUXFFOPp-
QPTJOHJOEJWJEVBMTBOETPDJFUBMHSPVQTJTQPTTJCMF
Peter Beyer (2007) believes that globalization will not lead to the downfall of religion, but it will
limit its influence. According to him, religion isn’t an integral part of the possible subsystems such as
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in a system of communication between believers and can influence world events to a certain extent, but
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role in the modern world. Although he does not use the term globalization, he discusses the same
problem as theorists of globalizations do. For example, he claims that the world is becoming smaller.
5IFJOUFSBDUJPOCFUXFFOQFPQMFTBOEMBSHFXPSMEDJWJMJ[BUJPOJTCFDPNJOHTUSPOHFS)FCFMJFWFT KVTUBT
other theorists of globalization that the increased intensity of contacts between different groups can
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value systems in different civilizations are in irreconcilable opposition "DDPSEJOH UP )VOUJOHUPOT
theory, groups are civilizations, not national states and religions. On the other hand, a close relation-
ship between religion and civilization exists.
*OUIBUTFOTF JGXFXBOUUPBDUVBMJ[F)VOUJOHUPO XFDBOIJHIMJHIUUIFGBDUthat close proximity in-
creases the possibility of conflict. That is why conflicts often arise at the borders between civilizations,
for example, the conflicts that arose in territories of the second Yugoslavia where Orthodox Christiani-
ty, Catholicism and Islam meet. On the other hand, the Middle East is where conflicts between Islam,
Judaism and Western Christianity arise.
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To better understand this, it is important to understand the cultural characteristics of R. Macedonia
BOEUIF#BMLBOSFHJPO)JTUPSJDBMMZTQFBLJOH UIF#BMLBOSFHJPO XIFSFTPWFSFJHODPVOUSJFTXFSFGPSNFE
is still burdened by an authoritarian political culture. This leaves its mark on all political and religious
events and relationships. This could be because of the strong and lasting dominance of foreign powers
and empires (such as the Ottoman and Austro-)VOHBSJBOFNQJSFT
"GUFSUIFGBMMPGDPNNVOJTN UIF
people started living in a space where authoritarian and democratic political culture clashed. According
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parallel existence of elements from authoritarian and democratic political culture is exceptionally im-
portant for the genesis of these conflicts. The republics of former Yugoslavia are heterogenous in an
ethnic, religious and cultural sense. The religious element of this heterogeneity, which is deeply rooted
and has a tradition, should not be underestimated. Namely, the idea to rely on the elements of authori-
tarian action is intrinsic in the tradition of all three religions present in the region.
The Balkan region has always been among the regions with the most conflicts in the world. This re-
sults from the essence of religion, especially the large monotheistic religions originating from the Abra-
hamic tradition, which are intolerant. They have strong unchanging views on the world, a strict code of

ethics and draw a clear line between believers and nonbelievers. Their dogmas are given by God and are
eternally true. They cannot be subject to negotiation, compromise or change. When such groups meet, it
is inevitable that they will declare each other as unbelievers, heretics and apostates. They are unable to
acknowledge theJSTIBSFJOVOEFSTUBOEJOHUIFUSVUI8IZ #FDBVTFJGUIFZEPTVDIBUIJOH UIFZXJMM
throw doubt on their dogmas. These conflicts must end in alienation and conflict. These religions are
also inherently collectivist. They claim that their believers create a special morally superior community.
Links with them easily become a sign of ethnic and political loyalty. The greatest danger lies in the link
between nation and religion. Especially, if Abrahamic religions become factors in politics, because with
their uncompromising attitude, they lead to a constant conflict with religious others.
3&-*(*0644*56"5*0/*/3."$&%0/*"
After the initial euphoria from gaining independence and the first years of the development of
democracy, the young Macedonian state quickly fell into economic, political and ethic crises. This was
followed by theft of societal capital in the so called ‘transitional period’ that lasts to this day. This period
was characterized by political crises caused by the large influx of nationalistic feelings and the rise of
ethnocentrism in some ethnic groups in R. Macedonia. The conflict of 2001 was a result of this. The
abovementioned crises caused a feeling of uncertainty and fear in Macedonian citizens. The crisis af-
fecting the basis of society and the entire societal pyramid, badly affected the spiritual peace of the indi-
vidual who turned back to his own religion and its forgotten values. Societal changes, especially the
larger ones (such as dynamic societal turmoil), affected the nature and the consequences of the link
between society and religion in R. Macedonia. This is why it is important to determine how large socie-
tal changes in Macedonia, as a post socialist country, affect religion, religiosity and the church, and
what the consequences of the impact of the religious complex on societal changes are (global as well as
microsocial).
/PXXFBTLUIFDSVDJBMRVFTUJPOEJESFMJHJPVTDIBOHFTUIBUBQQFBSFEPOUIFTDFOFBUUIFFOEPG
the 1980s and 1990s, lead to religious restoration and the return of the holy and sacral as a dominant
QSPDFTT *GXFXBOUUPNBLFBTNBMMIJTUPSJDBMSFUSPTQFDUJWF UIFOXFDBOBTDFSUBJOUIBU.BDFEPOJBOT
have accepted Orthodox Christianity early in their history, wherein Orthodox Christianity is closely
linked with Macedonian people. Religion maintains the spirit of national identification and im-
portance, playing the most important role in cohesion and integration, especially during the reign of
the Ottoman Empire.
Orthodox Christianity is often (in the context of the ‘protestant thesis’ of Max Webber) connected
to the fact that eastern Orthodox countries are always lagging politically and economically behind
western Protestant countries. Also, Macedonia under Tito’s Yugoslavia embarked on a socialist project
that didn’t leave much room for public expression of religiosity and the free practice of religion, and the
church that the state legally separates from itself, is in fact positioned on ‘that’ side of official society.
The socialist state first nationalized church property which greatly reduced the economic power of the
476
Macedonian Orthodox Church and then undertook a string of activities that lead to its minimization
and marginalization.
)PXFWFS XFNVTUFNQIBTJ[FUIFGBDUUIBUUIFA:VHPTMBWJBODBTFJTDPNQMFUFMZEJGGFrent from oth-
er countries with real socialism and communism (The Soviet Union, Romania, Albania, Bulgaria etc.).
Some facts need to me emphasized in addition to this. During WWII the first resistance fighting or-
ganizations had priests among their ranks. Also, during this period, called the dark communist period
by the church, the Archbishopric of Ohrid was renewed as an independent Macedonian church. In
1967, the independence of the Macedonian Orthodox Church was pronounced as a successor of the
Ohrid Archbishopric. In this period of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia under SFRY not only are
churches not closed, destroyed or used for other uses, but substantial resources for the renewal and
improvement of the churches are given. This originates from the fact that the state started considering
the church as a cultural heritage, which is important for the preservation of the traditional values of the
Macedonian people.
The process of atheization is a feature of socialist times. This leads to the decrease of the declared
and true believers. Processes, which eroded religious practice, desolated the dogmatic contents of faith
and decreased the influence of religion and religiosity in peoples’ everyday lives, took place at the same
UJNF)PXFWFS EVSJOHUIJTUJNF certain parts of the population practiced religious rituals that were
connected to Macedonian cultural tradition and customs. This supports the fact that religiosity was a
feature of certain marginalized groups (agriculture workers and blue-collar workers).
After the downfall of socialism and the independence of R. Macedonia in 1991, religiosity and the
entire church complex gained importance. Some authors call this process the revitalization of religion,
while others call it a return to the sacral or the deep crisis of secularization or the desecularization of
Macedonian society. At the beginning, this process revitalized religion and religiosity, as a political and
nationalistic phenomenon not in the frame of the universal, but in the frame of the local and the eth-
nocentric. Robert Merton (1968) believes that religion linked with the local has a manifested and latent
function. The manifested function is present in religiosity as a cognitive and emotional relationship
with God. The latent function is in the defense of the cultural and national identity with different fea-
tures of protectiveness, integrativity and homogenization. The endangering of national and religious
groups in a pluralistic and confessional society such as R. Macedonia strengthened the processes of
ethnoreligious mobilization in MOC, IRC and other religious organizations in R. Macedonia.
The crucial feature of the revitalization of religion in R. Macedonia is the fact that it didn’t increase
the percentage of convinced believers, but it drastically increased the number of traditional believers. In
R. Macedonia, convinced believers represent 20% of the total number of believers. Finding a cross,
church calendar or cresset isn’t an indicator of faith, because these objects are kept more as souvenirs
(memories), than as religious symbols. If the fact that Macedonians are pious is emphasized some-
where (this is mostly done by a theologist), then the fact that this piousness isn’t deeply rooted in indi-
vidual souls, nor the collective consciousness, or theological culture is purposely kept silent. If that was
true, there would not be such a high percentage of indifferent believers, agnostics, atheists as well as
477
those who are linked with old impious and pre-Christian cults such as pagan rituals and customs. A
part of the Macedonian believers believes in god, but are at the same time preoccupied with elements of
superstition.
The church shouldn’t be boastful about the fact, that statistically speaking, there are more people
in churches and other sacral buildings today, that rituals are practiced more frequently, that religious
studies are introduced in schools, etc. We should always ask ourselves what kind of religiosity we are
revitalizing. Because, if at one time we had apparent atheists, today we would have apparent believers.
Nonka Bogomilova (2004) speaks of belonging without believing, a phenomenon that is especially
important for communist and statistic societies. This phenomenon is especially present in Macedonia,
because many Macedonians think of religiosity as the practice of a ritual, without basic knowledge of
Christianity. Church officials should advocate for true religiosity and should stop ideologization and
compromising with earthly interests.
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In R. Macedonia, the problem is more complicated when misunderstandings and clashes appear
in each of the religious and ethnic communities. For example, the Macedonian and Albanian ethnic
groups are closed groups. In them, misunderstanding of economic, social, political or cultural nature
appears that it can be resolved in the community. Then people look for a scapegoat responsible for
UIFJSQSPCMFNT8IPNJHIUUIBUCF *UJTBMXBZTBNFNCFSPGBOPUIFSFUIOJDHSPVQXJUIJODMPTFQSPx-
imity to yours. In this way, the real reasons for societal crisis of your own ethnic group are covered up
and the attentions of the members of the ethnic group are averted from the people actually responsible
for the societal issues. This is why the idea that the person who cannot participate in a dialogue with
members from his own faith is even less able to participate in a dialogue with members from a different
GBJUI JTBDDFQUFE*OUIJTTFOTF %VSLIFJNTTPDJPMPHJDBMUIFTJTDBOCFBQQMJFEUPEBZ5PQBSBQISBTFJG
there is a negative and destructive energy that can disintegrate a community, then this energy is di-
rected towards the neighboring community. In this way ‘my community’ is free from inner conflicts.
For example, in its basis R. Macedonia is a country burdened by its past. This is the fate of all small
DPVOUSJFTXIPPODFUSJFEUPCFHSFBU)FSFUXPLJOHEPNTPGIFBWFONFFUUIF$ISJTUJBOBOE.VTMJN
LJOHEPNPGIFBWFO*UJTBMTPBNFMUJOHQPUPGUXPHSFBUDVMUVSFTBOEDJWJMJ[BUJPOT0SUIPEPY$ISJTUJBO
culture and the Byzantine civilization on one hand and Muslim culture and civilization on the other.
$BOXFFYQFDUBDMBTIPGDJWJMJ[BUJPOTPOUIJTTNBMMQMPUPGMBOE PSXJMMNVMUJDVMUVSBMJTNSFJHOTVQSFNF
When we discuss this, we cannot forget the fact that R. Macedonia is a part of the greater Western Bal-
kan region which is a region burdened by everything we mentioned before. It is a place of religious,
cultural, ethnic, societal and ideological heterogeneity. This is why misunderstandings and occasional
conflicts of a political, ethnic, religious, cultural, historical, ideological and psychological character occur.
Today, radical Islam is the favorite tactic of radical fundamentalist groups, dedicated to the de-
struction of their religious and political opponents. Certain organizations and groups continue to en-
478
gage in terrorist tactics and method to destabilize the delicate ‘balance of peace’ in regions as the Bal-
kans and the Middle East, hampering peace processes in the most neuralgic regions in the world.
With the revitalization of religion in the Western Balkan region after the fall of communism, es-
pecially with the revitalization of Islam, the way of preaching Islam changes. Unlike before, when the
Islam preached in this region was accepting modern world views (especially secularization), now it
DIBOHFTJUTBUUJUVEF.JSPMKVC+FWUJǃ ͅͳͻ͹Γ;ͫ͠ͰͬͽͳΕ
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was firstly propagated by the leader of the largest Islamic community in the Balkans – the Islamic reli-
gious community of SFRY, Grand Mufti, Jakub Selimovski who in the magazine of the Bosnian IRC
PO/PWFNCFS TUBUFEi'SPNBSFMJHJPVTBTQFDU UIFGBDUUIBUSFHJPOTXIFSF.VTMJNTNBLFVQ
the majority or 100% of the population are organizing their society on the basis of Islam shouldn’t
irritate anyone. This is the case because Islam has principles governing the sociopolitical, economic,
TPDJBMBOEGJOBODJBMTZTUFNu
This attitude shows the commitment of the religious leader to create a Muslim state governed by
Muslim principles, where no Muslims will have limited rights. Considering the fact that the majority of
Albanians living in former Yugoslavia are Muslims (more than 90%), many theorists believe that the
West Balkan region is going to be where a process of Albanization, not Islamization will take place.
+FWUJǃ ͠ͰͬͽͳΕ
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going to make up 60% of the population in former Yugoslavia. This means that countries such as Ser-
bia, Montenegro and Macedonia are going to be a new Albania.
The tendency to preach Islam with fundamental elements is present in Macedonian society and
this form of Islam is greatly accepted by the Albanian population. According to the sources we have
access to around 80 ethnic Albanians in R. Macedonia who were theologically educated in countries
which practice the fundamentalist, radical Islam. Unlike 2010, when the Islamic body led a battle of
domination for greater influence on how they will preach and practice Islam in Macedonia and who
will run the IRC, today all theologists labelled as radical Islamists and Wahhabis by the IRC are inte-
grated into this religious institution. Today, all theologists educated in Saudi and Turkish universities
are employed by the IRC as priests, hatibs, librarians and teachers of Religion and Ethics (Religious
Science) in public schools. For these activities the IRC receives financial aid from many Macedonian
Muslim NGOs, which dictate the direction in which members of the IRC will teach and preach in
religious buildings and public schools.
Preaching this type of Islam containing a large dose of political impurities can ignite nationalism
in Albanian believers, convince them that they are marginalized in Macedonian society and mobilize
them to act. This from of nationalism with chauvinistic elements is already noticeable in the Albanian
ethnic group in R. Macedonia.
In environments where Albanians make up the majority (Northwestern and Western Macedo-
nia), a disrespect of the rule of law and state symbols (burning the Macedonian flag, placing only the
Albanian flag in front of state institutions, Albanian mayors ‘forgetting’ to place state flags during na-
tional holidays) as well as ‘ethnically cleansing’, the Macedonians employed in the local government,
479
are noticed. If we add to this the demographic growth of Albanians (the highest growth in relation to
other ethnic groups in Europe) and the similar problems Serbians in Kosovo faced in the 1970s, we can
conclude that these events aren’t random and linked to a well-established agenda and strategy.
Because of all this, it is important to implement the process of religious tolerance and dialogue in
R. Macedonia. Sociologically, tolerance is a patience of the beliefs and principles of others for the bene-
fit of freedom and public opinion. If we consider tolerance to be a readiness to accept and allow reli-
gious belief and the practice of religion opposite to your own, then we have a difficult task ahead of us.
+FTVT$ISJTUTBJEi*BNUIF"MQIBBOE0NFHB UIF'JSTUBOE-BTU UIF#FHJOOJOHBOEUIF&OEu XIJMFJO
UIF2VSBOi5P"MMBIUIFPOFUSVFGBJUIJT*TMBNu*OUIJTDPOUFYU+VEBJTNEPFTOPUBDLOPXMFEHF$ISJs-
tianity or Islam and Christianity does not acknowledge Islam. The most recent monotheistic religion
acknowledges the other two, from its own point of view. According to them, the Torah, the New Tes-
tament and the Quran are one divine phenomenon, which appeared in different time periods, depend-
ing on when human kind could understand these messages. The Orthodox churches believe that theirs
is the only truth, while other religions present a wrong idea of religious events in the past, present and
future. This is in line with the spirit of Orthodox Christianity, which does not leave space for other
dogmatic truths.
Christianity and Islam are collectivist religions. They claim that their believers create special mor-
ally superior communities. Links with them easily become a sign of political and national loyalty. Their
greatest similarity comes from the link between nation and religion. If the Abrahamic religions become
a factor in politics, because of their uncompromising beliefs, conflicts with the religious other will arise.
But Christianity and Islam are a part of the Eastern religions that do not exclude each other. Judaism,
Christianity and Islam have different names for the same God. This is probably done to differ the reli-
gions from another, but they also allow people, from three religions, to pray and confess their sins in
their temples.
The best breeding ground for ethnic and religious tolerance, as well as the ideas of ecumenism and
neoecumenism, is civic society. That is a supranational society where the basic gauge is citizenship. In
such a society basic human values are generalized. This generalization leads to the creation of universal
human rights and values, leading to the downfall of the norms based on religions and customs. These
universal values have a broader application than the values of individual ethnic communities. Just like
there is a separation of church and state, the civic could be separated from the ethnic.
$0/$-64*0/
The global economy and the global political system help very little in the affirmation of the indi-
vidual’s ethnic religious or ethnic identity. Identities are more and more relativized, which leads people
with a missing sense of identity. This leads to a crisis of identity in individuals and societal groups. Reli-
HJPODBOIFMQQFPQMFSFTPMWFUIJTQSPCMFN)PXFWFS SFMJHJPODBOCFBCVTFEJOBOBUUFNQUUPQSPWF
superiority to other individuals or societal groups. Religion can also mobilize groups to attempt to
480
increase their power and influence in a globalized society where they feel marginalized or believe that
globalized society represents a threat to them.
This is why religious fundamentalism, the current most controversial ideology of our time, is cre-
ated as a consequence of a crisis in identity. The claim of the universalistic religions that the world is
created by a single God, leads us to the conclusion that religion is one of the most important driving
forces in globalization. Christianity and Islam, because of their own missionary work, prove to be the
most efficient globalization forces. This is most explicitly pronounced in Islam. The worldly purpose of
Islam is to establish a community of believers where the practices laid down in the Quran will be fol-
MPXFEUPUIFMFUUFSPGUIFMBXBOEJOUIFNJMJUBOUWFSTJPOXJMMCFFOHBHFEJOB)PMZ8BSBHBJOTUUIFVn-
believers. Considering then rapid demographic growth of Muslims, Islam can become the religion of
HMPCBMJ[BUJPO)PXFWFS GVOEBNFOUBMJTNJTPOMZBSFTQPOTFUPUIFDIBMMFOHFTPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPO5IF#Bl-
kan Peninsula is a place with Christianity, Islam and Judaism. It is interesting to note that despite the
fact that all of these religions are close to each other, originating from a shared ancient basis in Judaism,
which preachers consider as an ideal, the Balkan region has always been one of the regions with the
highest frequency of conflicts in the world.
In this context, it is interesting to find the answer to the question if the IRC and MOC-OA calm or
ignite ethnic problems and misunderstandings in the post conflict period. Because of the fact that they
are separated from the state, they cannot be solely responsible for all problems between ethnic groups
in R. Macedonia. This is also the fault of the state and the actions of its political parties. We will be able
to answer this question when a thorough analysis of all statements of religious leaders on the events in
R. Macedonia in the last 20 years, including the 2001 conflict, is performed. Then we will be able to see
how different their speeches are to the religious teachings of peace and ecumenism. In any case, these
religious organizations cannot be directly responsible for the ethnic clashes and problems, because
both of them are not a part of the main societal track. They do not affect public life and public opinion
in a way the state and its political elite does with the use of mass media.
3&'&3&/$&4
Armstrong K. (2007). #JULB[B#PHB 4BSBKFWP4JIBOQBØJǁ

Beyer, P. (1994). 3FMJHJPOBOE(MPCBMJ[BUJPO/FX#VSZ1BSL $"4BHF
Beyer, P. (2006). 3FMJHJPOTJO(MPCBM4PDJFUZ-POEPO3PVUMFEHF
#MBHPKFWJǀ .
3FMJHJKB J DSLWB V USBOTGPSNBDJKBNB ESVTUWB #FPHSBE *OTUJUVU [B GJMP[PGTLV J
društvenu teoriju.
#PHPNJMPWB /
3FGMFDUJPOTPOUIFDPOUFNQPSBSZSFMJHJPVTi3FWJWBMu3FMJHJPO 4FDVMBSJ[BUJPO
Globalization3FMJHJPOJOUIF&BTUFSO&VSPQF vol. XXIV, N.4
)VOUJOHUPO 4 (1996). 5IF$MBTIPG$JWJMJ[BUJPOTBOEUIF3FNBLJOHPG8PSME0SEFS/FX:PSL4JNPO
& Schuster.
481
͠Ͱͬͽͳǐ ͅ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͳͬͰͻͼ͵;
ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ;
͠ͰͬͽͳΕ ͅ
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͳ
ͬͰͻͼ͵;ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ;
Merton, R. (1968). 4PDJBM5IFPSZBOE4PDJBM4USVDUVSF. New YorkSimon and Schuster.
Monahan, S., Mirola, W. & Emerson, M. (1916). 4PDJPMPHZPG3FMJHJPOAbington OxfordRoutledge.
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̸̽͌͑̓͆. ̸̸̺͋̾͊̓ͅ
̸̸͉̻͇͍͇̻̺͇͉͈̹̾̈́́́͊̓́͋̾̓͆̈́́̓͋́́̽́̈́̾͌̈́́̓͠ ̸̸͇̓̾̽͆́͠ͅ
̸͈͉̺́͆͋́̾̽́̀́ͅ͏͇͇́́́̽͆́̿͆͊͋́ͅ
̸̺͇̻͇̹͇͇͇͈̺͇̈́̈́͆͋͑͋̾͊͋
͉̾̀́̾ͅ
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͳͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͽͪͺͻͰͽͼͽͪͬ;ͬͪͽͻͺͰ͸ͳͰͳͺͻͳͿͪΖͪΔͰ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳͼ͵ͳͽͰ
ͬͰͻ;ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͳͽͰ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͪ͹ͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ;ͬͪΒΖͳΒͪͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳͼ͵ͳͽͰͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳ͵͹ͳ͸ͰͼͰͼͬ͹Β
ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͽͰ͊Ͱͽ͹ͽ͹ͪͼͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪͬ͹ͯ;΀͹ͽ͸ͪ ͭͻͪ΍ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͽͰͺͻͪͬͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ͋͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳ
ΒͪͽͪͰ ͺͻͳͿͪͽͰ͸͹ ͹ͽͼͽͪͺ;ͬͪΔͰ͹ͯ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͽͰͬͰͻ;ͬͪΔͪ́͸ͽͰͻ-ͻͰͶͳͭͳͼ͵ͪͽͪ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͫͳͯͰͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͽͰ΃͵ͳͽͰͺͻͰͯͳͲͬͳ΁ͳ͸ͪͯͰ͸Ͱ΃͸ͳ΁ͪͽ͈ͪͻͰͯͳͲͬͳ͵ͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͿͪͽͪͽͶ;΍Ͱ͵͹ͳͳͷͪͪͽ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳͳ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪͳͳ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͳ͹ͯͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͽͰ͊ͰͻͪͲͫͳͻͪͯ͹͵͹Ͷ͵;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼͽͬ͹ͽ͹͸ͰͼͰͼͺͻͪͬͳ
ͼ͹ͽ͹ΒͺͻͰͯͳͲͬͳ͵ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͽ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͵͹ͳͬ͹ͯͪͽ͵͹͸ͻͰͶͳͭͳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͸ͪͽͳͲͪͷͳͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͲͪͷ
͇ͯͻͰͯͰ͸ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͳͭͻ;ͺͳ͵͹ͳͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͳͽͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͬ͹͉ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͽͰ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳ ͬ͹ͼͬͰͽ͹ͽ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͪͽ͹ͯͻͰͯͰ͸ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͽͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͳͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͳͬ͹͹ͫͳͯͯͪͭ͹ͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͳͻͪ
ͪͽͯͰͶͳ͵ͪͽ͸ͳ͹ͽͫͪͶͪ͸ͼ͸ͪͷͳͻ͹ͽ͈ͻͰ͵;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͽͪͼͰͷ͹ͫͳͶͳͲͳͻͪͪͽ͹͸ͳͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͭͻ;ͺͳ͵͹ͳͼͰ
΂;ͬͼͽͬ;ͬͪͪͽͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͽ͹͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼͽͬ͹ ͫͪͻͪΒΖͳ͸ͪͽ͹Β͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹ͭ͹ͶͰͷͪͼͳͶͪͳͬͶͳ
Βͪ͸ͳͰ̓ͻͳͲͪͽͪ͸ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͽͰͬͰͻ͹Βͪͽ͸͹͸ͪΒͭ͹ͶͰͷͪͽͪͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸ͪ͵͹Βͪͭ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͻͰͶͳͭͳͼ͵ͳ͹ͽͿ;͸ͯͪ
ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ͸ͪΒ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͬͰͻͲ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͸ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͉ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪͳ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸
ͼ͵ͳ͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͼͰͽͻͰͽͳͻͪͪͽ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪΒ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳͬ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͳͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͽ͹ͪ΃ͽ͹͎ͻͳͼͽͳΒͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹
ͽ͹ͳ́ͼͶͪͷ͹ͽ͵ͪ͵͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳͳ͵͹ͳͳͷͪͪͽͲͪͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͬ͹͠;ͯͪͳͲͷ͹ͽ ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͪͽͷͳͻ͹ͽ͵ͪ͵͹
ͳͯͰͪͶ͇ͬͪͼͰͬ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͻͰͶͳͭͳͳ̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͵͹͸͹ͬͳͰͯͬͰͻͰͶͳͭͳͳͭͳͬ͹ͯͳͶ;΍Ͱͽ͹
͵͹͸ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͶ͹ΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
̹͇͉͇̺̓̈́͌͐͆́̀́ ͻͰͶͳͭͳͼ͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ, ͻͰͶͳͭͳͼ͵ͪͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ, ΀ͻͳͼͽͳΒͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹, ͳͼͶͪͷ.
482

̸̸͇̹͇͇̺͊̈́̽͆́̈́̽́͆́ͣͅͅ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
̸̸̸͉̽́̓̈́́̀͏̸̸̻͇̹͎́̈́̈́͆́͠
̸͇͆̾̾̽͆̓͊͋́͠–̸͇̺͇͉͇͈͋̾͆́͋̾͢2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͽͻͰ͸;ͽͪ͵ΒͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͫ;ͻ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΔͰͷͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ̀ͪ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͫͳΕͰͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͯͬͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͸ͪ;΂͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ
;ͫͻͲͪ͸ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪͼͽ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͼͺͻͰͭͰ͹ͬͪͯͬͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪΒͰͼͽͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͹;ͬͰΕͪΔͰ͵ͬͪ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳͲͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͳͻͪͯ
͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
͵͹ΒͰͼͰͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ ͽΒͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ͸ͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͰͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ
;ͯͪΓͪͬͪΒ; ͽͰ ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪΔͰͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ͬͪ͸
͹Ϳͳ΁ͳΒͰͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ VOEFSDMBTT
͵͹Β͹ΒͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;ͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸͹͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ
͸ͳ ͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;ͼͬͳ ͹͸ͳ ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͺͰͬͪΒ;ͯͪͯ͹Ό;ͯ͹ͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͪ͸ͭͪͱͷͪ͸ͪ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͳͯ͹ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͭͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔ͉ͪͰ΂ΒͰ͹ͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ
͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͪͶͳͼͰͼͪͷ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵Ͷͪͼͪͷ̻ͪͶͪͬ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͳͷΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ
ͻͪͼͽ;Εͪͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͪͅͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͪͼͬͰͼͽͳͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͪ͸ͭͪͱͷͪ͸ ͪͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸͹ͼͽ͊ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹
ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΕͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ͆ͪͽ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͳͷͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼ͵ͻͪΕͳ
ͬͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͯͪ͸ͪ ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;ͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͻͰͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;ͽͳͬ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͯͪͳͽ̹ͯ͹ͭͪͽͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͯͪͭ͹ͷͳ
ͶͪΔͰ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͼ;͵͹ͫͰͼͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͪ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͺ͹͵ͻͰ
͸;ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;ͪ͵΁ͳΒ;ͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͪ͹͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͼͬͰͯ͹͵ΒͰͼͬͰͽͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͺ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳ
ͽͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β.
̺͇͌̽
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ;ͼͬͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳ
ͷ͈ͪ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͷͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ
͸ͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ ;͸;ͽͪͻ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͳͶͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͋ͪ͵ͬͰ
1
miladinovic@fon.rs
2
͉ͪͯ ΒͰ ;ͻͪΌͰ͸ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ t͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳ ͸ͪ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi
͵͹ΒͳͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;͆ͳ΃; ͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
483
͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ͸ͪͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͷ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ͢ͳ΀ΒͰ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺͻͪͽͳͽͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪͳ͹͸ͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ; ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ
΂͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ;ͭͶͰͯ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͷ͹Εͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͳͷͪ ͻͪͯ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳ
ͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͽͰΒͪͬ͸ͳͷͼͰͻͬͳͼͳͷͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͳͷͪ
Β;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͲͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ΕͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪͺͪͱΔͪͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͬͰͶͳ
͵ͳ΀ͯͰͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͸ͳ΀΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͶͪͼͪͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ ͪ΁ͳΓ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰ;͵ͪͱͰ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͵ͻͰΕͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͲͪͽͳͷͻͪͲͷͪ
ͽͻͪΔͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;Β;
ͳ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;;͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺͻͪͬ΁ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͪ
͇͊͏̸̸̸̸͇͉́̈́͆́̓͆͋̾̓͊͋̽́̓̈́́̀͠͏̸͉̺͎͇́̾̽͌͑͋̾͆́͆̾̾̽͆̓͊͋́͠͠
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͪͶͳͲͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ
ͫͳΕͰͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͯͬͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪͼ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪ͵ͻ;ͺ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ;ͫͻͲͪ͸
͸ͪ;΂͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͳ Ͱ͸͹ͻͷͪ͸ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ ͻͪͼͽ ̓Γ;΂͸ͳ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;
͵͹Βͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳ ͳͲ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ͼͰ ; ;ͬͰΕͪΔ; ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ
ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪͱͳͬͳͷͻͪͯ͹ͷ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͯ͹͵ ͼ
ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͫ;ͻͪ͸ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪͼͽͬ͹ͯͳ;ͷ͸͹ͱͪͬͪΔ;ͫͻ͹ΒͪΓ;ͯͳͲͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͷͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͷͰͼ
ͽͪ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͳͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͌͵ͻͪΒΔ͹ΒͶͳ͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͫͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͬ͹ͯͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;
ͻͳͻͪͯͪͳͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̽ͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪ ;ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ

3
̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ̹ͻ͹Β ̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ̹ͻ͹Β ̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ̹ͻ͹Β ̻͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ̹ͻ͹Β
- 2000 6.090,32
-3000 14 6.866,33
- 3.693,37 7.178,72
170 610 7.349,00
200 900
͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳͳͲͽͪͫͰͶͰ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͹ͯ97*ͬͰ͵ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͯ͹Ͷͪͭͪ͸͹ͭ ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰ

ͫ͸͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͯ͹;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ͭ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪΔͪͫͻ͹Βͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ̀ͰͷΓͳ͊ͪͷ͹;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͷͼͽ͹
ͶͰΕ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ΒͰ;ͬͰΕͪ͸͹΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͺ;ͽͪ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͪ͵͹͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͱͰͷ͹ͼͪͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵͹ͷͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹-
-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͳͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͻͪͼͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͯͪ ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͼͽ;Εͳ
ͫͻ͹Β Γ;ͯͳ ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͹ ͫͳͬͪ ͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͬͪ͸ ͳͲ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ΂ͳͷͰ ͷ; ͼͰ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪ
ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͪͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ
3
́Ͳͬ͹ͻ,SFNFS 64$# .
484
̸̸͇̹͇͇̺͉͊̈́̽͆́̈́̽́͆́ͣͪͯͅͅͳ͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
̽ͪͫͳͼͰͫ͹ΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͰ͸͹ͻͷ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳͽͳͼͰtͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ
͵;ͭͰi #JH1MBHVF
͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–ͯͰͼͰͽ͵͹ͬͪͶͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͈ͻ͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰͼͰ
ͯͪΒͰͽͪͯͪ͹ͯ͵;ͭͰ ;ͷͻͶ͹͹͵͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊ͽͪͻ͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ
͵;ͭͰ͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳ;ͼͬͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͰͭͯͰͰͺͳͯͰͷͳΒͪΒͰͯͬͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͰͽͳͶͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ;ͷͻͶ͹΂ͪ͵ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽ͇ͬͪͬͯͰΒͰͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪͽͳͬͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰͻ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵Ͱ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ;ͷͻ
Ͷ͹͹͵͹ͯͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽ͵;ͰͺͳͯͰͷͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͷͰΕͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͳͳ
ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͪͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͯͪͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹
ͳͼ͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸; ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ͻͪͯͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͲ ΂Ͱͭͪ ΒͰ ͼͶͰͯͳͶ͹ ͳ ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪΔͰ ͼͻͰͯΔͰ ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͪͶͳ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳ ͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͰ ͿͰ;ͯͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹-Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͳ ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͊ͬͰ ΒͰ ͹ͬ͹ ͫͳͶ͹
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͪ͵;ͭͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͰͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͽͰͯͪͼ;͹ͯΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ;ͷͳ
ͻͪͶͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͬͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵Ͷͪͼ͈ͪͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ ͼͬͪ͵ͳͺͻͰͱͳͬͰͶͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ;ͷͻͶ͹ͭ
ͻ͹Όͪ͵ͪ ͹ͯ ͵͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ ͯͪ ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳ ͵͹ͷͪͯ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͳͶͳ ΁ͰͶ͹ ͳͷͪΔͰ ͵;Ε; ͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͳ΁; ͳͶͳ ͪͶͪͽ
͵͹ΒͳͷΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪ͹ͽͺ͹΂͸Ͱͼͬ͹Βͺ͹ͼͪ͹̀ͪ͵͹͸ͺ͹͸;ͯͰͳͽͻͪͱΔͰΒͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹Γ;ͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͼͪ
Δͪ ͳͲ͸͹ͼͪ ͸ͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ ͲͶ͹ ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͳͻͪͶ͹ ͳ ͸ͳͲ͹ͷ ͯ͹ͫͻͳ΀
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ &HFCSFDIU ,VMJTIFS

͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪͼͰͼͪͯͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;͹ͫͻ͸;ͽͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͌ͼͶͰͯ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪͼͰ;ͬͰ
ΕͪͬͪΒ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͻͪͯͪ
͇ͬͯͰͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;
͇ͬ͹ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͿͰͻͳͻͪͯͪ͆ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ; ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪΒͰ ͬͳͯΓͳͬͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͼͽͪ ͠͹΃ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͠ ͅ ̓ͰΒ͸ͼ
,FZOFT ͼͽͻ
ͳͲͪ΃ͪ͹ΒͰͼͽͰͲ͹ͷͯͪΕͰͬͻͰͷͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪͳͲ͸Ͱͯͻͳͽͳ͸͹ͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͸ͰͲͪ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͲͬͪ͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ͈͹ͯΔ͹ͷΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͹;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͰͲͪͺ͹
ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Β;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ͸͹ͬͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔͰͷͱͳͬ͹ͭΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳͲͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͳͺͻ͹ͳͲ
ͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ̽͹ ͽͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͬͪ͹ ͸Ͱ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͳ
ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͻͪͯ ͪͼ͸ͪ;΂͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͼͰͳͲͫͪ΁;ΒͰ΂ͪ͵ͳͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͼͽͻ;΂ͪ͸ͻͪͯ͌ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ
ͻͪ΂;͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͪͯͪ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͬͳͯͳͷ͹΂ͪ͵ͳ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽ͇ͪͬ͹ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪΔ;
ͯͬͰͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͳͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ– ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ
́ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͶͪͼͪͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͼͰͷ͹ͭ; ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͼͪͯͰΒͼͽͬͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ
͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͰ͸͹ͻͷ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪͶ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͼͰͼͪͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͼͪͯͪͯͰͶͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ΒͰͲͭͻ͹ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͳ͵͹ΒͰ
;ͱͳͬͪͼͬͰͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͰͳͲͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͷͪΔͰ ͳ͸ͪ
ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒ;ͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͻ͹΂͸͹ͪ͸ͭͪͱ;Β;ͳ͹ͽͺ;΃ͽͪΒ;ͯͪͫͳͼͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͳ
ͶͰͿͶ;͵ͽ;ͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͻͪͯͪ (JEEFOT
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͲͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹ͭ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͫͪͲͪͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͹ͬͰͯͬͰͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ

̸͵͹ ͼͰ ͹ͼͬͻ͸Ͱͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳͯͪΒͰͺͻͬͪͿͪͲͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳͷͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳ-
Βͼ͵ͳͷͻͪͯ͹ͷ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͫͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͻͪͯͫͳ͹ͺͶͪΕͰ͸ͺ͹͵͹ͷͪͯ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪͳͶͳ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͻͪͯ;͇ͬͪΒ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͻͪͯͪΒͰͫͳ͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͼͬͰͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪͳͫͳ͹ΒͰ
͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͶ͹΃ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͻͪͯͪ ͼͶͪͫͳͷͲͪͻͪͯͪͷͪͳͬͳͼ͹͵ͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹͹ͷͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̽ͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͳ ͬͰ͵ ΒͰͫͳ͹ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸;ͼͺ͹͸͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͷ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀
ͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒ;͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͳͬͪͶͳ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͺͶͪΕͰ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ
ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͆͹ͼͳ͹΁Ͱͽ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͷ͹ ͼͪͶͪͻͳΒͪͽ͋͹ ͼ; ͼͬͳ ͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;
ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͪͫͳͶͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͳͲͪͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸;Ͳͪͻͪͯ; 1VMKJ[ ͼͽͻ–7).
͋͹͵͹ͷͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪͯͰͼͳ͹ͼͰ͸ͳͲͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶͰͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͅͰΌ; Δͳͷͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͳͷͪΒ; ͻͪͼͺͪͯ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͫͶ͹͵ͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͪͶͳͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͪͯ΁Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͰ͵͹͹͵Ͱͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽͪ ;ͼͺ͹͸͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰ
ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;͹ͼͰ͹ͫͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͪͶͳͳ;ͼͶ;ͱ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͲͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͲͰͷΓͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;̓Γ;΂͸ͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒͲͪͽ͹ͼ;ͫͳͶͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͳͼ͵Ͱ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ
ͻͪͯͪ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ̓͹ͷͺͪ
͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ ͫͳͶͰ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳͶͳ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͼͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͪ
Ͱ͵ͼͺ͹Ͳͳͽ;ͻͪͷͪ ; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͫͻ͹Β; ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͌ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͼͰ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΒ; ͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸͹ͭΒ;ͭͪͳͳͼͽ͹͵ͪ͸ͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͼͰͬͰͻͳͲͪͺͪͯ͌͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ
Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͺ͹͸;ͯͰ ͳ ͽͻͪͱΔͰ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͯ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͻͪͼͽͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹͸;ͯͰͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͷͪΔ;ΒͰ΁Ͱ͸ͪͳͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪͬͪΒ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͻͪͯͪ
͌͹ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͻͪͲͬ͹Β͈ͪͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ Β͹΃͹ͯ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ ͫͳ͹
ΒͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵͹ͷ ;͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ;ͻͪͯͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͷ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹͇ͯͪͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁ͰͼΒͰͫͳ͹͸ͪͼͬ͹ͷͬͻ΀;͸΁;ͽ͹͵͹ͷ΃ͰͲͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰ
ͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ͌ͷͰΌ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͼ;͸͹ͬͻͪͽ Ͳͪ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰͼ;
ͷ͸͹ͭͳ͹ͯ͹ͬͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͬͳͯ͸͹ͯͰͭͻͪͯͳͻͪ͸ͳ
͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͫͳͶͪΒͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͯͪͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͳ
ͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͻͪͯ͹ͯ͵;ΕͰ ΀͹͸͹ͻͪͻ͸ͳͻͪͯ ͻͪͯͺ͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ; ͼͪͷ͹-
Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͽͯ ͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ; ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͰ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͻͪͯͪ
̻ͶͰͯͪ͸͹ͳͲ;ͭͶͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͽΒͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͷͰ͸ͪ-
ΘͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ΃ͪ͸ͼͪͯͪͼͰͼͷͪΔͰͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ
̹;ͻͯͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ ͯͪ ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹͸ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͸ͪͲͳͬ ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͽͰͽ Ͳͪ ͹͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸ͳ
ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͬͰΕͯͪΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͬ͹ΓͰ #PVSEJͰV ͼͽͻ–

͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͸Ͱͼͳ
ͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Β;ΒͰͳͲͪͲͬͪͶͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͰΌ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͯͪͫͳ ͻͪͯͳͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵Ͱͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͳͻͪͯͳͻͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳͽͳͷͰͼͷͪΔͳͶͳͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͰ͵͹Βͳͳ΀
486
ͺͻͪͽͰ͇ͬ͹ͺͻͪͽͳͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͶͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ̹;ͻͯͳΒͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ ͯͰͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ
ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͰ-ͷͻͰͱ;͵͹ΒͰͼͰͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͳͶͳͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͽ͹ͭͪΒͰΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͰ
͵ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͳͷͪͼͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͳͱ͹ͷ΁Ͱ͸͹ͷͻͪͯͪ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ͵͹͸
͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͷͰΌ; ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͳ
ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͌ͺͻͬ͹ͷͻͰͯ; ͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹΃Γͪ
ͬͪΔͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͯͪͽ͹ͷͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽ;͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͲͪ͹ͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪΔͰ ͽͰ͵;ΕͰͭ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͻͪͯͪ ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰ ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪ ͻͪͯ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ; ͵ͻͪΒΔ͹Β
Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͫ͹Γ;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽͼ͵;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;
̻ͶͰͯͪ͸͹ͳͲ;ͭͶͪ͸ͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͭͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͭͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͭͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ
ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͳͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ
͸͹͌ͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͭ;ͫͳͬͰͲͳͬ͸͹ͽ͵ͳͬ͹ͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͰͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ̹;ͻͯͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͳͲ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͭ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͳͼͪ͸ͪ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ ͼͰͫͰ ͲͪͷͳͼͶͰ ; ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂ͳͷͰ ͼͰ ͭͪͼͳ ͳ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ
͆Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹Βͪͷ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ ͯ;ͭ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹͸ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͼͰͻͳΒ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͌ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃
Δ͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͼͰ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͰ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂
͵Ͱ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͳ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͰ ͳ ͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱ ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͇͸͹ ΒͰ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ ͸;ͯͳͶ͹ ͷͪ͵ͪͻ ͳ
ͿͳͲͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ ͭͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸;ͱ͸ͳ΀ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭͶͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪͽͳ ͹͵͹ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ
ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͫͳͶͳ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͯͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͰͲͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͷͪͼͰͼͽͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ̓Ͷͪͼͳ΂ͪ͸ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽΒͰ;ͼͺͰ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸Ͱ;ͯͪͻ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ;͵͹Β͹ͷΒͰ ͯ;ͭ͹ͷͳͷ;͵͹ͽͻͺ͸͹ͷͫ͹ͻͫ͹ͷ ͳͲͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͹͸ͳͲͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼͷ͹ͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͭ ͭ;ͫΓͰΔͪ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͸ͪ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͷͰͼͽ; ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;̓Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽΒͰ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹;ͭͪ΃Ͱ͸ ͺͻͰͼͰͶͳ͹ͼͰ;ͲͰͷΓͰ
͋ͻͰΕͰͭͼͬͰͽͪ͊ͪͶͪͻͳΒͪͽͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰ ͺͻͰͽͪͺͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ;ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ ͪ͹ͬͪΒ Ͳͫ͹ͭͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰͼͬ͹ͭ
ͫͳΕͪ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͯͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ; ͼ͸ͪͭ; ͍ͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͭ;ͫͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ Ͳͪ
ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͸Ͱͯ͹ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
Γͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ Βͪ͵; ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͳͽͳ ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; Ͳͪ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵͹ΒͰ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͈ͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺͻͳͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸͹ ͼͽͪΔͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͯͬͪ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͆Ͱ ͽͻͰͫͪ Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ͳ
ͲͰͷΓͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪͳ͸ͰͲ͸ͪΒ;Ͳͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪͳͶͳͺͻͪͬͪͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͪͯͪ
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͪ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ;ΒͰ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͯ͹ ͺͻͰͯ
͵ͻͪΒͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͻͱͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ-ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͼͰ
ͷ͹ͭ; ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ ͺ͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͫͻ͹Β; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ͌ ͹ͬͯͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͹ Δͳͷͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͷͪͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͳͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͬͻͶ͹͹ͺͼͰͱ͸͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͹
487
͈͋ͳ͵Ͱͽͳ 1JLFUJ ͼͽͻ–
ͪͶͳͳ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪΔ;͸͹ͬͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͌ ͺͻͬ͹ͷ ͻͰͯ; ͹ͬͯͰ ͼͰ ͷͳͼͶͳ ͸ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵ͶͪͼͰͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ
͈ͳ͵ͰͽͳΒͰ;͹΂ͳ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;
ͬͳͼͳ͸ͳͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪͼͬͰͽͪ 1JLFUJ ͼͽͻ–
͈Ͱͻͳ
͹ͯ ;͹΂ͳ ͹ͽͺ͹΂ͳΔͪΔͪ ** ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͰͷ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͽͪͯͪ ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪͼͽͪͬͰͺ͹ͯ͵ͪ͵ͬ;-ͽͪ͵ͬ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;ͻͪͯͳͺ͹ͯͳͲͪΔͪͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪ
;ͶͪͲͪ͵;ͻͪͽͳ͹ͫͻͪ΂;͸ͼͿͪ΃ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼͳͶͪͷ͇ͪͬͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͯ͵ͻͪΒͪͻͪͽͪͺͪͼͬͰ
ͯ͹ͺͻͰͯ͵ͻͪΒͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸͎ͪͶͪͯ͸͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͪͼͽͻͪ΀ͪΒͰ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹Β͵ͶͪͼͳͯͪΒ;ͷ͸͹ͭͪͺͻͪͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ
ͺ͹ͯͳͭͶͪ ΔͰ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͽͳͷͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸ͪͯ ́ͼͽ͹͵͹ͷ
͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͹ͬ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͫͻͳͭͰͼͬͰͽͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͲͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͬͰΕ
ͽͰͱΔͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͱͳͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͬͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͫͶ͹͵ͪ͋ͪΒͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰͻͪͼͺͪͯ͹ͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ
Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͫͶ͹͵ͪ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͭͺͪͯ͹ͷ̹ͰͻͶͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͲͳ͈ͯͪ͹ͼͶͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͼͶͪͫͰͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ;͸;ͽͪͻͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͲͪͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͰͳͯͰΒͰ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͹ͼͶ͹͸ͪ΁ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪ
ͶͳͲͷͪΒͰͼͽͰͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͷͰΌ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹͹Βͪ΂ͪ͹ͯͪΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͳ
΂͸͹;ͬͰΕͪ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ;ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͳͷͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͳ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;ͫͳͶͰͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯ
͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͉̻͈͉͉͇͉͇̺̻͇̹͎́͆̈́͆̓̈́͊́̾̓́͋̓͋̾͆̽́̈́̈́͆́͠ͅ
̸͉̺͎͇̽͌͑͋̾͆́͆̾̾̽͆̓͊͋́͠
͋ͻͰͫͪͶ͹ΒͰͯͪͺͻ͹ΌͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͳͯͰΒͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͼͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹
Βͪͼ͸Ͱ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ VOEFSDMBTT
͠͹΃ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪͪͅͻ͵ͼΒͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ͹
Ͷ;ͷͺͰ͸ͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽ; ͪ ͎Ͱ͸ͻͳ ͅͰΒ΀Β; )FOSZ .BZIFX
ͼͰ ͫͪͬͳ͹ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ
ͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͵ͳ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ΁ͪͳ
ͼͶ
-JTUFS ͼͽͻ–
͇ͫͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͼ;ͳͷͪͶͪ;ͬͳͯ;͸Ͱ͵;ͬͻͼͽ;ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͻ;ͺͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪ
ͼ;ͼͰͫͪͬͳͶͳ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͽͰͱͪͶ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͳͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͽͻͪΒ͸Ͱ
͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͪͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸Ͱ ͽΒtͼͳͬͰi
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͼͶ̽ͪ͸ͪͼͷ͸͹ͭͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͺͻͪͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰͳͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͻͳͬͪͽͪ
ͪͅͻ͵ͼ͹ͬ͹ͭͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͶ;ͷͺͰ͸ͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ
ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰΒͰͼͽͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ
ͳͲ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͻͪͯͪ ͳͲ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͶͰͯͳ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͇ͬ͹ ͺͻͪͽͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͬͰΕͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ
;ͼ͵ͻͪΕͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ ͹͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͪ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵; ͵Ͷͪͼ; ͪͶͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͼ;ͺ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͢ͳ΀͹ͬ;͵;ͺ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳΔͰͷ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ
Β;ΕͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔ̻ͪͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͳ΀͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰͺͪͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ;
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔ; ͫͳͶ͹ ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͪͬ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͹Ϳͳ΁ͳΒͰͶ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͼͳͬ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳͳͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͺͼͳ΀͹-ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͽͻͪ;ͷͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽ͆ͰͻͰͽ͵͹͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ
488
ͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͻͪͼ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͲ͸ͪ͵ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ͸ͺͻͼ̸ͪͿͻ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ;̸͊̽ͳͶͳ͉͹ͷͳͷͪ;
͸ͳͲ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͅͳͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ

͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͽͳ;ͯͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ
͵ͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸͹͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷ͉ͪͰ΂ΒͰ͹͵͹͸ͲͰͻ
ͬͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͳͷͪ Gallie ͼͽͻ–
̀ͪ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͰ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹
ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͺͻͰͷͪͻͪͯ;͇ͬͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͳͷͪΒ;͸Ͱͭͪ
ͽͳͬͪ͸ͼͽͪͬͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ ͹΁ͰΔ;Β;ΕͳͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔ;ͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͷͳͲͫ͹
ͻ;͊ͽ͹ͭͪͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁;Β;ͼͬͪ͵;ͳͯͰΒ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ ΒͰͻͺͻ͹΁ͰΔ;Β;ͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͳ ͳ͸Ͱ
ͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;Β;͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͱͻͽͬͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ
͸ͳ΀ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌͹ͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͬͪ͸̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ͹ͬͼͽͪͬͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵͹
ͬͪΔͰ ͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͼͶͰͯ ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ͭ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ (JEEFOT
͵͹Βͪͯ͹ͼͬ͹ͭͺ;͸͹ͭͳͲͻͪͱͪΒͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ
͸͹ΒͿͪͲͳ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ;͵;ͺ͸ͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;Εͳͽ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͳͻͪͯ͸;ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹͵ͻͰΕͰͼͺͳͻͪͶ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ;ͼ͵ͻͪΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͳͱͰ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹΃Ε; ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͪ ΂ͳͷͰ
͹ͺͪͯͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͻͪͼͽͰͻͳͲͳ͵͹ͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ 1BVHBN ͼͽͻ–4JMWFS
ͼͽͻ–,SPOBVFS ͼͽͻ–(BMMJF 04).
͊ͬͰ ͹ͬ͹ ͺͻͪͽͳ ͳ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ ͹ͯ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪ ͺͪ
͸ͪͯͪΓͰ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰ ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹Εͪ ;͵;ͺ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͳͲ͹Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͪͅͶͳΒͰ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͯͪͳͲ ͹ͬ͹ͭͪ
ͳͲͪΌ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͳ ͵ͻ;ͭ;ͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ͻ͹Όͪ͵ͪͳ͵͹ͷ΃ͳΒͪ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰ͸ͪ
ͯ;ͭͳͻ͹͵ͼͷͪΔ;Β;΃ͪ͸ͼͰͲͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃΁ͳ;ͽͻͪͱͰΔ;͸͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͶ͈ͪͻͳͼ
ͽ;ͺͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͻͪͯͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ;Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ;ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸;͵Ͷͪͼ͸;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͰͷͪͻͭͳ
͸ͪͶ͸͹Β͵ͶͪͼͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͫͳͽͳͳͼͺ͹ͯ͸ͪΒ͸ͳͱͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ #VDLJOHBN
͌ͽ͹ͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͰͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳͰ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽͲͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸;͵Ͷͪͼ;ͷ͹ͱͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹͵Ͷͪͼͪͳͼͺ͹ͯͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱ
͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͪͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͽ͵Ͷͪͼͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ ͳ
ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃ͪ͸ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͲͻͪͲͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͼͺͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽΓ;ͯͳͯͪ;΂Ͱͼ
ͽͬ;Β;;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͯͪΓͰ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷΒͪͬ͸ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͬ͹ͯͳ ; ͯͪΓ; ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ
ͼͰͭͻͰͭͪ΁ͳΒ;
͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͪͼͳͬ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͽ͹ΒͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ ͵͹Βͳ
ͼͰ ; ͼͽͪͻͽ; ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹Ͳͳͬ͸ͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͺͪͼ͸ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ ͭͻ;ͺͪ 4UBOEJOH

̽͹͵ͼ;ͺͻͬͳͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͼͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͻͪͯͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳͼ;͸ͪΔͰͷ;ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱ;
ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳ͸ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͉ͪͯͳͼͰ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀
ͼͰͲ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͻͪͯͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ; ͼͪͼ͵ͻͪΕͰ͸ͳͷͳͶͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳ͸ͭ ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͳͷͳ
ͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͳͷͪ ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͺͻͰ͵͹͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͪ
ͳ ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͯͬͻͭ͸;ͽͳͷ ͸Ͱͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͳͷ
͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͺͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ
489
͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;͸ͳͯͪ;ͱͳͬͪΒ;ͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͶͰͯͰͳͲͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ
ͼͪ͸ͻͪͯ͸ͳͼͽͪͱ ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͫ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͯͪ͸Ͱ ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ͹ͯͷ͹ͻ ͺͰ͸ͲͳΒ; ͺͶͪΕͰ͸ͺͻͰ͵͹ͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸ͳͻͪͯ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͯͪͬ͸͹͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ
̻ͪΒ͊ͽͰ͸ͯͳ͸ͭͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΂͸͹;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͳͷͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬͳ
ͷͪ ͬͰΕ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ 4UBOEJOH ͼͽͻ
͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͭͻ;ͺ; ͵Ͷͪͼ; ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͫͳͽ͸ͪͲͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ΀͵Ͷͪͼͪ
́ͪ͵͹ͼͰͳͲ͊ͽͰ͸ͯͳ͸ͭ͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪͬ͹ͯͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ΃ͽͪͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽΒͰͼͽͰ ͬͰΕͼͪͷ͹΃ͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͳͺͪ͵ͳͲ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬͪͫͳͽ͸ͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͹͵Γ;΂͸͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͼͬ͹Βͼ
ͽͬ͹͹ͬͰͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͶͳΕͰ; ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͪͽͳͼͽͪͫͳͶͪ͸ ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͰ ͻͪͯ͸͹
ͬͻͰͷͰ ͺͻͪͬͪͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͪͯͪͳͽͯ́ͲͽͰ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͷͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͲͪͺͪͱͪΔ; ͼͶͰͯͳͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂
͹͹ͺͪͼ͸͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹Ͳͳͬ͸͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳ;͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔ; ͵͹Βͪͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͯͪ;Ͳͯͻͷͪ
;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͻͳ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͳͪ͵͹ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͻͰ΂͵Ͷͪͼͪ ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͽͪͭͻ;ͺͪΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵
͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ ͹͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͳͷͪͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͼͪ
̸͵͹ͼͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͲͪ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͸;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵;ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ ͹͸ͯͪΒͰͽ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ
΁ͪͯͪ͹͸ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͼ͵;ͺͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͳͯͰͶͰ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵;ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸;;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͉;ͱͳ΁ͪ 3VßJDB ͼͽͻ–
͸ͪͬ͹
ͯͳͯͪͼͰ ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͺͻͬͳ΀;ͬͳͯͪ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ͷ͹ͱͰͳͲͬͰͼͽͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪͭͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͽͻͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ
͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͼ;ͬͳ΃͸ͳ ͽΒͭ;ͫͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͷͪ΀͹ͷͱͻͽ
ͬͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͻ;ͺͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͼͬ͹ͭͫͳΕͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͳͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁Ͱ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰͼͪͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͳͼͶ
͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ
;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͷͶͪͯͳͳͬͳͼ͹͵͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ Ϳͻ;ͼͽͻͳͻͪ͸ͳͼͬ͹Βͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͷ΃ͪ͸ͼͪͷͪ
͈ͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͽͻͰΕͰͭͻ;ͺͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͸ͪͺͻͬͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯΒͰͳͲ͸Ͱ͸ͪΌ;
Β;ΕͰ ͪͶͳͪ͵͹ͼͰͷͪͶ͹ͫ͹ΓͰͲͪΌͰ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻ; ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳͯͪΒͰ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹;͹΂Ͱ͸ͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ
͵Ͷͪͼ͸͹ͭ ͼͺ;΃ͽͪΔͪ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ; ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͰ ͬͳ΃ͳͷ
͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͻͰͯΔͰ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ;ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ΃ͶͰ;ͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͺͪͳͳͼͺ͹ͯ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂
͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ͠͹΃ΒͰ͊ͰͻͱͪͅͶͰ .BMMFU
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͹ͺ͹Βͪͬͳ͸͹ͬͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͵͹Β; ͺ͹ͻͰͯͬͰΕ
͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸͹ͭͷͪ͸;ͰͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͼͪͯͪ ΂ͳ͸Ͱͳ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ
͹͸Ͱ͸ͪΒ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͳ͸ͪΒͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ͈ͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ Δ;΂ͳ͸Ͱͼͬͳ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;;͸ͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ͸͹
ͼ;ͪͅͶͰ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ;͵͹Β͹Β;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͳͷ;;΂Ͱͼ
ͽͬ;Β; ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹͸ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ ͳͲ ;ͭͶͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ; ͬͳ΃ͳͷ ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳͷͪ
ͼͻͰͯΔͰ͵ͶͪͼͰ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰ͹͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹-
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ ͼͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͹͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͭ ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹-
͵Ͷͪͼ͸͹ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͲͪͪͅͶͰͪ ͹͸ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͯͰ͹͸͹ͬͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵ͶͪͼͰ
͌͹΂ͳ͹ΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͸ͪΒͪͷ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͼͺ;΃ͽͪΔͪͲͪͻͪͯͪ ΃ͽ͹ͳ΀ ͳ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;
͊ͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ̹;ͻͯͳΒͰ #PVSEJFV ͼͽͻ–
;͹΂ͪͬͪͻͪͼͽ;ΕͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ
ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͊ͽͰ͸ͯͳ͸ͭ; ͸Ͱ͵ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͪͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ ͹͸ͭͪ
490
͸ͪͲͳͬͪͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͽͰͽ
ͼͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵Ͷͪͼ͹ͷ͈ͻͰ͵ͪͻ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺͪͼͳͬ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹
͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;;ͼͽͪΔ;͸ͳͯͪͲͪͷͳͼͶͰͼͰͫͰ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͵ͪͷ͹Ͷͳͯͪͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬ;ͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸;ͪ͵΁ͳΒ;ͻͪͯͳͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭͼͽͪΔ̹ͪ;ͻͯͳΒͰͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͰͻͬͰΕͳͷͪ͹
ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳ΀ ͭͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͫͳ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ ͯͪ ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͳͯͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ͪͶͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͳ΃ͽͪͯͪͳͲͭ;ͫͳ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͯͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱͳͼͺ͹ͯ
͸ͳͬ͹ͪͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽ͍ͪͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳͻͪͯΒͰͬͰΕͽͪͯͪ;͵ͳ͸;͹ͽ;ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͹͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ;
ͷͰΌ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͳ;ͭͪͼͳ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱͪͷͫͳ
΁ͳΒͰ͈͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͺͻͰ͵ͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸;ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͲͪͿͳͲͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͪ͸ͰͲͪ͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹͸;͹΂ͪͬͪͯͪͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͪͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͳ΂ͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳͽ͹͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͳͲͯͬͪͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͯͪͫͳͼͰͼͷͪΔͳͶͳͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͳͯͪͼͰ
ͫͳ;ͫͳͶͪͼͬͪ͵ͪͬ͹Γͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͯͪͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͳͯͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͳͲͪΔͳ΀̀ͪ͵Γ;
΂ͪ͵͵͹Βͳ̹;ͻͯͳΒͰͳͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͪͬΓͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͳͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ΁ͳΓͯͪͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͼͪͯͪͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸Ͱ
Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͪ
͵͹͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΁ͳΓͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͬͻͪͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͻͰͻͪͲͷͰͻͰͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ;ͽͪ
Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͬͰͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͻͪͯͰͳͼͬͰͷͪΔͰͷͫͻ͹Β;͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͻͪͯͰ ͳͽ͹ͻͪͯͰͼͬͰ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͪΔͰͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͼͪͷ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͈͹Βͪͬͪ ͊ͽͰ͸ͯͳ͸ͭ͹ͬͳ΀ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͸ͪͳ΃Ͷͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͪ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͹ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ; ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ ͊
ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͼͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹͸͹ͬ͹Β͵ͶͪͼͳͳͶͳ͵Ͷͪͼͳ;͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵; ͯ͹͵ͼͰ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͽͪͽͰͲͪ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪ͊ͰΒͷ;ͻ 4FZNPVS
͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͊ͽͰ͸ͯͳ͸ͭ͹ͬͳ΀͹ͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ ͸Ͱͺͻͳ
΀ͬͪͽͪͽͰͲ;͹͵Ͷͪͼ͸͹ͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ ͪͶͳͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼͰͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ;͸ͰͼͷͰͽͰ͵ͽͪ͵͹
Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻͳͽͳ̾ͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͰΕ͹Βͭͻ;ͺͳ ͳͲ͸;ͽͻͪͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸͹Β ͪͶͳ͵͹ΒͪͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵
ͽͳͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͈ͪͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ ͹͸ͪͲͪ͵ͳͯͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͰͽ͸;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ͺͻͰ
;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ΕͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀͵Ͷͪͼͪ ͳͲ;ͲͰͬ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͼͻͰͯΔͰ͵ͶͪͼͰ
͵͹Βͳ͹ͼͽͪΒ;;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳͼͪͶͪͻͳΒͪͽͪ̀ͪ͊ͰΒͷ;ͻͪ͵ͶͪͼͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͰ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;
ͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͽͰ͵͵ͪͯͼͰͯ͹ͬͰͯ; ;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸;ͬͰͲ; ͪͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͼͰ ;͊ͽͰ͸ͯͳ͸ͭ͹ͬ͹ΒͬͳͲ;ͻͳ ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹
ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰΕ;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͷͰΌ; Γ;ͯͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ; Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͊ͽͰ͸ͯͳ͸ͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͲͪͷͰͻͳͽͳ ͯͪ Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;ΒͰ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳͳ͵Ͷͪͼ͸͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽ͈ͬͪͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽΒͰ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹ ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͼ͵;ͺͶͳ΁ͪ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͰͳͶͳͫͶͳͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ
͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͶͳ ͸ͪ ͹͵;ͺ; ͪ ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͼ; ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸͹ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱ ͯͪ
ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ
͈ͳͽͪΔͰΒͰͳͯͪͶͳΒͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ͸͹ͬͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪΒͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͻ͸ͳͻͪͯͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͹͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͽͻͰ͸;΁ͳͷͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͼͰͼͷͰΔͳͬͪͶͰͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͰͺ͹΀Ͱ͉ͪͼͺͪͯͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳ
ͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͿͰ;ͯͪͶͳͲͷͪͫͳͶͳͼ;͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͳͯͪͬͪΔͰͷͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃Δͳͷͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪ
ΒͰͷͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͹ͫͪ
ͬͰͱ;ͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸;͵͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΔͰͷͺͻͪͬͪͯͪ
;Ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯ͹͵͸ͪͯͰ ͻͪͯͰ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ͉ͪͼͺͪͯͿͰ;ͯͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ͹ͫͰͶͰ
ͱͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷtͪͭͻͪͻ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽͪi ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͬͳ΃ͪ͵ͺ͹Γ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱ
491
ͼ͸ͪͭͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͰͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹ΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͳͪ͸ͪͽͶͳΒͪͼͻ;ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳ;͸ͰͺͻͰ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͷͽͻͪͱͰΔ;ͼͳͽ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͽͪͯͪͻͪͼͽ;ΕͰͭ;ͻͫͪ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ 4FZNPVS

͋͹͵͹ͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ͸ͳͲͲͰͷͪΓͪͽͲͬͽͻͰΕͰͭͼͬͰͽͪͫͳ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͬͻͭ͸;ͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
͈ͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪ͵ͪͷͺͪΔͼ͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͽͰΒͰ ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͳͻͪͯ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͭͪͫͳͶͪͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹
ͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ ͫͰͲͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪ ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͪ͆ͳΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ͯͪͼ;;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͷͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸͹ͭ;ͼͺ͹͸ͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͶͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͭͻͪͯ͹
ͬͳ ͵͹Βͳͫͳ;ͷͰΌ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶͳͼͽͰ΁ͳ΃ͽͰ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰ
ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͰͳͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͼͰͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪͶͳ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͶͪͷ͹ͬͰͫͰͲͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ %BWJT

͋;ΒͰͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳͲͰͷͪΓͪ͋ͻͰΕͰͭͼͬͰͽͪ͌
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͼͷ͹ͯ͹ͺͻͰͯ͵ͻͪΒͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳͷͪͶͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵;͵Ͷͪͼ;ͼͪͼͬͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͷͪͳ͵ͬͪ
ͶͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͪͬͪͶͰ ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͲͰͷΓͰ̸Ϳͻͳ͵Ͱͳ̸ͲͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶͰͼͬͰ͹ͷͪ
ͷͪͶͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͷͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͼͽͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͰ͇ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ΒͰͫͳ͹;ͺ;ΕͰ͸͸ͪͺͻͰ
͵ͪͻ͸ͳͻ͈ͪͯͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͼͰ;͹ͬͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪͺ͹Βͪͬͳ͹ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͯ;
ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ 4FZNPVS
̓ͪ͵͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͪͿͻͳ΂͵ͳͳͪͲͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽͼ;͹ͫͰͲͫͰ
ΌͳͬͪͶͳͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽ;
̸̸̸̸̸͈͈͉̺͉̺͎͇́͋̾̾̀́̈́̿̾̽͌͑͋̾͆́͆̾̾̽͆̓͊͋́͢͢͠
͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼ;͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ;͸͹ͬͳΒͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͽ͹ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΕͳ͌͹ͺͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͫͳͼͷ͹;͵ͪͲͪͶͳ͸ͪ
ͬͪΓͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͼ͵ͻͪΕͳͬͪΔͪ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ ͯͪͬͪΔͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ ͇ͫͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;ͬͳͼ͹͵;ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪ
ΔͰ́ͯͰΒͪ͹ͼ͵ͻͪΕͳͬͪΔ;ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪΒͰͯͻ;ͭ͹Ͷͳ΁ͰͳͯͰΒͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪ́Ͳͬ͹ͻ͸͹
ͻͪͯΒͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͰͫͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ;΃ͽͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͪͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯͪͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹
ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͪ͸ͻͪͯ ͵͹Βͳ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰͼͰ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͵ͼ
ͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳͼͬͰͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹ΒΓ;ͯͳ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͬͪ͸ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͫͰͲͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳ΀͹
ͯͪ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ͭͳͲ͸͹ͼͪ̽ͪͳͯͰΒͪͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͳͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͹ͯ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ;
ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ; ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͳͲ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͹͵͹
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪΒͰͲͰͷΓͪͼͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͺͪͼ;͹ͫͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͫͳͶͰͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͲͪͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳ;ͼͺͰ΀ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕ͇ͪͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͹ͬͪͶ͹ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ-
΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͳ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͳ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͳͻͪͶ͹ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ-
΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ ; ͯ͹ͷͰ͸ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͼͪͬͰͽͪ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͪͬͪ
ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ %SJCCVTDI#JSLF
͈͹ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͹ͭͪ ͹΂;ͬͪ͸ΒͰͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹tͼ;ͺͻ͹-
ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ͼͳͶͰi ͼͺͻͰͷ͸Ͱ ͯͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸; ͪ͵΁ͳΒ; ͇ͬͪ ͯͬͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ ͼ; ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ;
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͽͻͰ͇ͫͪͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳ΀ͽͪͶͪͼͪ
͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͰͯͪͽͻͪͱͰͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͿͰͻͳͻͪͯͪ ͷͰΌ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͳͷͪ
ͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸͈ͪ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͷΒͰͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ͬͳΌͰ͸͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͪͬͪΔͰ;Ͳ
ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳͷͪΔͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͯͳͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͪͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ;ͽͻͰ͸;΁ͳͷͪ
492
ͷͪΔͰ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸Ͱ ͽͻͪͱΔͰ ͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ ͼ; ͹ͬ͹ ͯ͹΂Ͱ͵ͪͶͳ ͼͪ ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͳ ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ
΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͭͼͺͰ͵ͽͻ͇ͪͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͳͱͰ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͳ;
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͳͲͷͪΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ
̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;ͼͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹;͵Γ;΂ͳͶͳ;ͯͻͱͪ-
ͬ͸ͳͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽ͈ͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͳͷͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ
͸ͳͺͪͯ ͽͰͼ;ͫͳͶͪͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ;ͯ͹ͫͻ͹͹ͫ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͺͻͳ
΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪͻͪͯͪ͊ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬͪ
; ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ ͭͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ ̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ
ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ΒͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͳͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͼ;ͼͪͯͪͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪ
ͼ͵ͻͪͽͰ ͻͪͯ͸͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͫͰͲ ͹ͽͺ;΃ͽͪΔͪ ͬͳ΃͵ͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͹͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͳ
͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ;Ͳ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ͸͹ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰͲͪͻͪͯͪͻͪͯͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͐ͪ͵ͼ; ;ͷͰΌ;
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ͪͳͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͲͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͫͳͶͳͽͪͷͺ͹͸-Ͳ͹͸ͪ
ͺͻͰ͵͹͵͹ΒͰΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͳͲͫͰΕͳ͹ͽͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰͼͽͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͆Ͱ͵ͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;ͬͳͯͰͶͳͼͬ͹Β
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͯͪͺͻͳͯ͹ͫͳΒ;Ͳͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ ͺͪͺ͹͵ͻͰΕ;ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͯͪͳͲͪΔͳ΀
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ ͳͼͽͰ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ Ͳͪ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ ͈ͻͬͳ ͺͻͰ͹͵ͻͰͽ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͼ ͽͳͷ ΒͰ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸;ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻ; ;΂ͰͶͳ΂͸͹Βͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͳ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ
;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͳͼͽͪͲͪͻͪͯͪͳͲͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͯͰΒͪ͹͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͷͺͻͳ΀͹ͯ; ͷͪ͵ͪͻ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻͳͷͪͷΓͳͬ͹Ͳͬ;΂ͪͶͪ͸ͳͱͳͷͼͶ͹
ΒͰͬͳͷͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻͬͳ͸ͪ;ͯͪͻ;ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲͰ
;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͅͰΒͰͻ .FZFS
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸ͳͺͻͳ΀͹ͯ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͻͰ΃ͳͷ͸͹ͭͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ
ͺͳͽͪΔ͈ͪͻͬ͹ΒͰͯͪ͹ͬͪΒͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͼͷͪΔ;ΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͺ;͵ͳͺͻͳ΀͹ͯ ͽΒͯͪͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͯͪΒͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;
Γ;ͯͼ͵͹Β ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ ͳ ͹ͼͷͳ΃Γͪͬͪ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͼͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ;Εͳ ͭͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;
ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;;͸;ͽͪͻͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͪ͵͹Γ;ͯͳ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͰͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͯ;ͱͰͬͻͰͷͰ
͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͬͻͪͽͳͽͳͼͰ͸ͪ ͽ͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͫͻͲ͹Ͳͪͼͽͪ
ͻͰͬͪΒ; ͋ͻͰΕͰ ; Ͱͻͳ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͽͳ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͯͪ ͳ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͭͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪͼͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͫͳͽ͹ͱͰͶͰͶͳ ΂ͳͷͰͫͳͼͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳͬͪͶͰ͆ͪΒͲͪͯ ͹ͬͳͷͼͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͷ͸͹ͭͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͲͪͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͽͰ
ͭ͹ͻͳΒͪΓ;ͯͳ
ͅͰΒͰͻͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱ
ͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͬͪΒ;ͫͻͲ͹ͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͺͪͷΕͰΔͪ̀ͪͽͳͷͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰͯͪͼͰͼ͵ͻͪΕͳͬͪΔͰͷ
ͻͪͯ͸ͰͼͰͯͷͳ΁Ͱ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͲͪ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸ͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋ͻͰΕͰΒͰ
ͯͪͬͶͪͯͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͰͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͺͶͪΕͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͵͹ΒͳͫͳͼͰͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪͶͳ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪΓ;ͯͳ
ͭ;ͫͰͺ͹ͼͪ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͇ͪͬ͹ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͸ ͻͪͯ͵ͪ͹
΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͺͼͶ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͪͽͳͯͪͼͰ΃ͳͻͳ;ͫͶͳͼ͵͹Βͫ;ͯ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽͳ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͹ͬͯͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͳͺͳͽͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ͹ͺ͹ͻͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃
ͽͬͪ ͸ͪͯ ͻ͹ͫ͹ͽͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪͶͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͹ͯ Γ;ͯͳ ͇ͬͳͷ ͼͰ
ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͳͯ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͽͻͰͫͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͽͳ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͬͰΕͰͷ
ͫͻ͹Β;Γ;ͯͳͯͪ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;͸ͪͯͻ͹ͫ͹ͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;
493
͆ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͫͶͳͲ;ͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͪ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͫ;ͯͰͻͰͪͶͪ͸͸ͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪΒͰ͹ͬͯͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪͼͽ͊ͪͰ͵ͼͺ͹
͸Ͱ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͼͽ͹ͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪΒͰͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸͹͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳ΀
ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰͭ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͲͪ͸ͪͷͳͻͳͬͪΔͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸Ͱ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͌;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ
ͷͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬ͹ͭͳ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͫͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͻͰͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ Ͳͪ
;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌

Bourdieu, P. (1999). 4JHOBMOBTWFUMBQSJMP[J[BPUQPSOFPMJCFSBMOPKJOWB[JKJ;BWPE[BVEßCFOJLFJOBTUa-
vna sredstva, Beograd.
#VDLJOHIBͷ "
*TUIFSFBO6OETSDMBTTJO#SJUBJO #SJUJTI+PVSOBMPG4PDJPMPHZ –̽͹ͼͽ;
ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQPOMJOFMJCSBSZXJMFZDPNEPJK-4446.1999.00049.x/pdf.
Davis, M. (2006). 1MBOFUPG4MVNT/FX:PSL7FSTP
%SJCCVTDI )#JSLF 1
%JF(FXFSLTDIBGUFOJOEFS#VOEFTSFQVCMJL%FVUTDIMBOE– Organisa-
UJPO 3BINFOCFEJOHVOHFO )FSBVTGPSEFSungen. 7JTJPOFO VOE 0QUJPOFO /P ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
IUUQTXXXESPQCPYDPNTREMWMZHSNJB7JTJPOFOVOE0QUJPOFO$/P
Gewerkschaften%20in%20der%20Bundesrepublik%20Deutschland.pdf.
Egebrecht, A. (1987). 1PWKFTUSBEBPE4UBSPH&HJQUBEPEBOBT ͼͽͻ113–
;BHSFC(SBGJǁLJ[BWPE
)SWBUTLF
(BMMJF %
"SFUIF6OFNQMPZFEBO6OEFSDMBTT 4PNF&WJEFODF'SPNUIF4PDJBM$IBOHFBOE
&DPOPNJD-JGF*OJUJBUJWF &TUVEJP8PSLJOH1BQFS +VOF̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
IUUQXXXͷBSDIFTDFBDTQVCMJDBDJPOFTXPSLJOHBSDIJWPT@@FOQEG<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
>
Gallie, D. (ed.) (2004). 3FTJTUJOH .BSHJOBMJ[BUJPO6OFNQMPZͷFOU&YQFSJFODFBOE4PDJBM1PMJDZJOUIF
&VSPQFBO6OJPO0YGPSE0YGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
Giddens, A. (1973). 5IF$MBTT4USVDUVSFPG"EWBODFE4PDJFUJFT-POEPO)VUDIJOTPO
Keynes, J. M. (1961). &TTBZTJO1FSTVBTJPO/FX:PSLBOE-POEPO88/PSUPO$PNQBOZ
,SFNFS .
1PQVMBUJPO (SPXUI BOE 5FDIOPMPHJDBM $IBOHF 0OF .JMMJPO #$ UP
2VBSUFSMZ+PVSOBMPG&DPOPNJDT "VHVTU–716.
Kronauer, M. (1998). Social Exclusion and Underclass – /FX$PODFQUTGPSUIF"OBMZTJTPG1PWFSUZ ;
)"OESFTT FE
&NQJSJDBM1PWFSUZ3FTFBSDIJO$PNQBSBUJWF1FSTQFDUJWF"TIHBUF"MEFSTIPU̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ
͸͹͸ͪXww.pravo.unizg.hr/_download/repository/Kronauer.doc<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
,VMJTIFS +
0QǀBFLPOPNTLBQPWKFTUTSFEOKFHBJOPWPHBWJKFLB *LOKJHB ͼͽͻ–
;BHSFC
Kultura.
494
Lister, R. (ed.) (1996). $IBSMFT.VSSBZBOEUIFVOEFSDMBTTUIFEFWFMPQJOHEFCBUF-POEPO*&")FBMUI
BOE8FMGBSF6OJUJOBTTPDJBUJPOXJUIUIF4VOEBZ5JNFT̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
IUUQXXXDJWJUBTPSHVLQEGDXQEG<ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹>
Mallet, S. (1970). /PWBSBEOJǁLBLMBTB#FPHSBEKomunist.
Meyer )
/P/FFE'PS#BTJD*ODPNF'JWF1PMJDJFT5P%FBM8JUI5IF5ISFBU0G5FDIOPMPHJDBM
Unemployment, .BSDI ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQTXXXTPDJBMFVSPQFFVOP-need-basic-
income-five-policies-deal-threat-technological-unemployment.
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ͭͶͰͯ ͬ͹Ͷ9-7*** ͫͻ –68.
1BVHBN 4
5IF4QJSBMPG1SFDBSJPVTOFTTB.VMUJEJNFOTJPOBM"QSPach to the Proces of Social
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lišta u Zagrebu.
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1SFLBSOJSBEJßJWPU#FPHSBE%BO(SBG– Fondacija za otvoreno društvo – Centar za razvoj sindikaliz-
ma.
Seymour, R. (2012). We Are All Precarious – On the Concept of the ‘Precariat’ BOEJUT.JTVTFT̽͹ͼͽ;
ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQXXXOFXMFGUQSPKFDUPSHJOEFYQIQTJUFBSUJDMF@DPNNFOUTXF@BSF@BMM@QSFDBSJP-
us_on_the_concept_of_the_precariat_and_its_misuses.
4JMWFS )
4PDJBM&YDMVTJPOBOE4PDJBM4PMJEBSJUZ5ISFF1BSBEJHNT*OUFSOBUJPOBM-Bbour Review,
7PM –
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pdf.
Standing, G. (2011). The precariat – 5IF/FX5IF/FX%BOHFSPVT$MBTT-POEPO#MPPNTCVSZ"Da-
demic.
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5PUBM.JEZFBS1PQVMBUJPOGPSUIF8PSME–̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹
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4-0#0%"/ͅ.*-"%*/07*ſ
5)&3"%*$"-*;"5*0/0'(-0#"-*/&26"-*5*&4— AN OPEN ISSUE
SUMMARY
The contemporary moment is marked by turbulent unfolding of many social processes. For the
SFRVJSFNFOUTPGUIJTQBQFS UIFJNQPSUBODFPGUXPLFZHMPCBMQSPDFTTFTXJMMCFFNQIBTJ[FEBDDFMFSBUFETDJFn-
tific and technological development and rapid population growth. One of the consequences of collusion
between these two processes is constantly enlarging the quantity and quality of production, on the one hand,
and permanent exclusion of human labour from production and operation processes. The result is, among
other things, growing of social inequalities that are seen as income inequalities, i.e. the division into the rich
and the poor, who are becoming more and more distant from each other, and the growing of groups that
show some class characteSJTUJDT CVUBSFBMTPPVUTJEFPGUIFPGGJDJBMTUSVDUVSFTPGTPDJFUZUIFNBSHJOBMDMBTT
(underclasss) which belongs to the long-term unemployed and precariat which belongs to all those who
manage to get to the occasional and temporary work engagement but not to the relatively permanent
employment. Their main class characteristic is a growing number. Marginal class, however, lacks the defined
class consciousness and readiness for social engagement, while the precariat lacks social homogeneity. Now,
the quesUJPOJTIPXUPPWFSDPNFUIFQSPCMFNPGHMPCBMTPDJBMJOFRVBMJUJFT5IJTRVFTUJPOIBTTFWFSBMBOTXFST
shorter working days, distributive and redistributive justice, etc. The rich must understand that the accumu-
lation of inequalities opens space for global conflicts of all profiles. This means that it is necessary to initiate
global action to solve the problem and it is not possible as long as the world is divided on various grounds
and is economically unevenly developed.
,&:803%4 social inequality, marginal class, the precariat, social development.
496

>
̸̸͉͚͇̺͊͆́̈́͑́͆́ͣͅͅ1
̓ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͪͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̸͇͉̹̺͇̺̀͆̾͋́ͣ͠ 2
̽Ͱͺͪͻͽͷͪ͸Ͳͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ͹

ẗ̸̺́̿͆̾̾͊͋́i̸̸̸͉̺͉͆̽͌͑͋̾͆́̾̿ͅͅͅ
̸͇͇̓͐́͆́͏̸͉͎́̓́̀͆́͊́͋͌͏̸́͠3
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͳͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͳͲͪ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰ

ͱͪ ͫͰͱͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͳ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ Ͳͪ ͷͳͻ ͳ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ;
ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ̸;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͽͰͷͪͽͳͲ;Β; ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͻ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ; ;
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ; ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͰͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ;͵ͻͳͲ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪ
ͼͬͻ΀͹ͷͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͪͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͺͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͈͹ͯͺͶͪ΃ͽ͹ͷtͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͪiͺͻͳ
͵ͻͳͬͪͼͰͷ͹Εͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰͱͪ;ͺͶͪͼͷͪ͸;Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰ΂ͳͽͪ͸͹ͼͽͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͪͶͭ͹ͻͳͽͷ͹ͬͪ
͵͹ΒͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͷͰͻͰͻͪͲͷͰͻͪͷͪ ΃ͳͻͰΔͪͬͰͼͽͳ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸͹ͷͬͳͻͪͶ͸͹΃Ε; ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ̓Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͳͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͰ͸ͪͻͪͽͳͬͰ ͸Ͱͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Εͳͯͪͽͪ͵͹;ͺͪͯͪΒ;;Ͳͪͷ͵;ͼͺͳ͸-ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻͪ
΂ͳΒͳͼ;΁ͳΓͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͳͫͻͲͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;Ͷͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽͳ΀ ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͫͻ͹Βͪ͵Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͪͳͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ͹ͯ
ͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͳͻͪΔͪ ͪͶͳ͸ͰͳͯͪͼͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͪͶͪͽͳͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͷ͹ͱͰͯͻͪͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹;ͬͰΕͪ
ͬͪͽͳ
͆ͳͲͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͻͪͼͽ;ΕͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳͳͼͬͰͬͳͯ
ΓͳͬͳΒͳΒͪͲ ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͽͰͯͪΓͳͷ͵ͻͳͲͪͷͪ ͺͪͼͰ͸͹ͬͳͷͰͯͳΒͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰ
ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ
΃ͪΔͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸̸ͪ͵͹Ͷͪͱ͸ͳͷͬͰͼͽͳͷͪ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͰͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͷͪͼͰ
͸ͪ;Ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͶͳͯͰͻͳͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͳͲͫ͹ͻͰͳͶͳ͵;ͺ;Β;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͯ͹͵ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ
1
TSEKBONJMBTJOPWJD!LQBFEVST
2
zoran.jevtovic@filfak.ni.ac.rs
3
͉ͪͯΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͫͻ͹Β̓ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹-ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͰ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ͳͫͻ
͵͹Βͳ ͻͰͪͶͳͲ;Β; ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ;͵ͪ ͳ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ ; ͆ͳ΃;
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ͪ͵͹ΒͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Β͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
497
͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͲͪ͸͹ͬͰͼ;͵͹ͫͰ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͬͰͼͽͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͻͪͼ͵ͻ΃Ε;̽ͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ;ͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪ͸͹ͬͰͻͳͲͳ͵Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰͺͻͰͯ;ͺ
ͻͰͯͳͽͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪ
ͬͪΔͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ Ͷͪͱ͸Ͱ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ

̺͇͌̽
ͅͰͯͳΒͳ ͼ; ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ΀͹ͯ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͬͰ͵ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ͹ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͪͶͳ ͽͰ͵
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;
ͷ͹Ε͸ͰͪͶͪͽ͵ͰtͷͰ͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳi ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕ;͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ͇ͽ;ͯͪ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵;ͷ͹Ε͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͱͻͽͬͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽ͹ͻͪ͌ͼͰ͸΁ͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͵͹͸Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͸͹-ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͯ
ͷͰͽͪΔͪͳͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͫͳͽ͵ͪͲͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪΔ;
ͼͷͳͼͶͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻ;ͼͬͰ͹ͺͪͼ
͸ͳΒͰͽͪͶͪͼͰͺͰͻͼ;ͪͲͳͬ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ̾ͼ͵Ͷ;ͲͳͬͳͽͰͽΒͪͬ͸ͰͼͿͰͻͰͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͬͳͻͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͲ͸ͪ
΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͰ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ ͺͪ;ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ΂;Ͷͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ
ͼͬͰΒͰͬͳ΃ͰͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ (GBLFOFXT
͵͹ΒͰ;͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͳͶͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͶͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪΒ; ͯͰͽ͹͸ͪͽ͹ͻͳ ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͋ͪͯͪ ͸ͰͼͽͪΒ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͫͻͳ΃; ͼͰ ΂ͳͽͪͬͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳͳͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͰ͹Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ ͳ͸ͼͽͪͶͳͻͪͺ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͼͬͰͼͽͳ΃ͳͻͳͰͭ͹ͳͲͪͷ ͺ͹΀ͶͰͺ͸ͳ΀ ͰͶͳͽͪ ΂ͳͷͰ ͼͰͳ ΒͪͲ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹;ͬͰΕͪͬͪ 4 ͍Ͱ͸͹ͷͰ͸Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳͺͻͳͼ;ͽͪ͸ ΒͰ; ͼ͵͹ͻ͹
ͼͬͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͪͶͳͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͰͲͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ
͈͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼͷͳͼͳΒ;ͼͬͰͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͲͫͳͬͪΔͪͳͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ
΂͵͹ͭͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͷ͹ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪ ΒͰͻͪ͵͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷ͹ͷ͹Ε
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪΔͪ ͹͸ͯͪ;͹΂ͪͬͪͷ͹ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ;
͵͹Β͹Βͱͳͬͳͷ͹̓ͻ͹Ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͫͳͶͰͼͽͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͰͳͽͰ΃͵͹;͹΂ΓͳͬͰ ͳͪ͵͹
ͼ;ͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͷͰΔͪͶͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹͵͹ͭ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͺͳͽͪΔͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͳΕͳ͸ͪ͵ͳ͹ͼ͵ͯͪͫͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͵;ͺͳ͹ͳͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪ͹ ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͻͪͯͳ͹ͳ
ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͼͪͷͳ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ ; ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱ ͳ ͼͺͪͬͪΕͰ ͼ͹ͫͰ ͼ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;Εͳ ͯͰ͹
4
͋͹͵͹ͷ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͭ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͿ͹ͻ;ͷͪ;̽ͪͬ͹ͼ;ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ Oxfamͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͫͪͬͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͪ͵͹ΒͳͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;Β;
͵ͻͳͲ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸͹ ͹ͼͪͷ͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ; ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ ͪͅΒ͵ͻ͹ͼ͹Ϳͽͪ ̹ͳͶ̻ͰΒͽͼ
͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂͍ͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ ͪͅͻ͵͏;͵ͰͻͫͰͻͭ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂̸ͷͪͲ͹͸ͪ ͦͰͿ̹ͰͲ͹ͼ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ́͸ͯͳͽͰ͵ͼ
̸ͷͪ͸ͼͳ͹ ͇ͻͽͰͭͪ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻ ̺͹ͻͰ͸ ̹ͪͿͰͽ ͷͰ͵ͼͳ΂͵ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͷͪͭ͸ͪͽ ̓ͪͻͶ͹ͼ ͊Ͷͳͷ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂
͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͇ͻͪ͵Ͷ ̈́Ͱͻͳ ̾Ͷͳͼ͹͸ ͳ ͫͳͬ΃ͳ ͭͻͪͯ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͸ͳ͵ ͢;Β͹ͻ͵ͪ ͪͅΒ͵Ͷ ̹Ͷ;ͷͫͰͻͭ
ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β; ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ
͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
498
̸͇̺́̈́͑́͆́ͣͅ, ̺͇̺̾͋́ͣ͠ẗ́ͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳi͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͷͻͰͱͪͷͪ...
ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ ̀ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͰ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺͻͪͽͰ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ
ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪͳ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͵;ͽ͵; ΃ͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͬͪΒͯͰͻͳͶ;͵ͪͬ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͳͼͺ͹ͻ;΂;Β;ΕͳͱͰΓͰ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰ͸ͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ;ͪͯͻͰͼ;̸Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͻͳͽͷͳ;ͼͬͰͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;͵͹ΒͰΕͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰΓ;ͯͳ
΂ͳͽͪͽͳ ͼͶ;΃ͪͽͳͳͶͳͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ ͺͪͱͳͬͰΕͳ;ͼͬ͹ͷͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͷͰ΀;ͻ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͭ;ͫͰ͵͹͸
ͽͪ͵ͽͼͻͰͪͶ͸͹΃Ε;͆ͪͬͳͭͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪͭͻͪͯͳͼͰͳ͸Ϳ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻ
Ͳ;ͷ ͼͪͽ͵ͪ͸͹ͯͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹ΒͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͼ͵ͳͳͷͪΒ;΃ͪ͸ͼ;ͯͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͫ;ͯ;ͳ͵ͻͰͪ
ͽ͹ͻͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷͯͪͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͯ;ͫͳ͸;ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͱͪΒͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͷ͹
̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͪ;ͯͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͷ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͳͼͽͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰͭͻͪͯͰΕͳ
;͸ͳͿͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸͹Βͪͬ͸͹ͷΔͰΔͰ ͼͪͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͷ͹ͱͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͽͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͱͰͶͳ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ
ͯͪͼͰ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͵ͻͰͳͻͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͷͳ͵ͻ͹ͼͿͰͻͪ ͼͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͶͳͼ;ͫͬͰͻͲͳͬ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͳͷͪ
͌ ;ͷͻͰͱͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͳ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͬͳͲ;ͻͪ ͼͰ ͻͰ͵͹͸Ϳͳͭ;ͻͳ΃Ͱ ΒͰͻ ΒͰ ͼ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ͹ͷ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͷͪΔͰ͸ ͺͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪΔͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ
ͺͳΒͰͯͰͼͽͪͶ ;ͲͯͳͱͰͷ͹ ͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͵ͪ͹ ͽͰͷͰΓͰ ͸ͰͲͪͼͳͽ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͭ
͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰͻͳͲͷͪ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͵ͪΔͰ ͭͶͪͼͳ͸Ͱ ͿͪͷͰ Ͷͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͳͼ͵ͪ
ͲͳͯͰ͹ͼ;ͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͽΓͪͭͪͳͲͻͳͲ͸ͳ΁Ͱͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͪΒͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷ
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β; ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪΓ;ͯͳ͊͸ͪͭͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͶͪ
ͫ;͵;; Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ;Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͪͭ;ͫͰ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͹ͯ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ̸͵ͽ;ͰͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͯͰͼͳͶ͹ ͼͰ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ
͸͹ͬ͹ͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̽͹͸ͪͶͯ͋ͻͪͷͺ͹ͼ;ͯͳ͹ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͰͯͪͻ;ͼ͵ͪ͹ͫͪͬͰ
΃ͽͪΒ͸ͪͼͶ;ͱͫͪͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͵͹Βͳͷͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪͭͪ;΁ͰΔ;ΒͰ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
͸ͪͺͻ͹΁;ͻͰͶͳͷͯ͹ͼͳΒͰͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹ͫͳͬ΃ͳͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΃ͺͳΒ;͸ ͪ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ͳͽ͹ͯͪ
ΒͰ͋ͻͪͷͺͼ͸ͳͷΓͰ͸;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͵ͳ;ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰͼ; ͯͰͶ;Β;
Εͳ;͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͼ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳͷ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͫͻͲ͹ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪͶͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͵ͪ͵͹
ͫͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͶͰͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹-ͪͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͶͪͼͪ΂ͪ͋ͪ͵͹Ͷͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͳ
ͺ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͯ͹ͷͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͷͯͳͼͰͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃;ͱͰΓͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ
ΔͰͻͰ΁ͳͺͳΒͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͽͳ΂;Εͳ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͬ͹Γ͸;͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ;
͈͹ͼͪ͹ ͳͷ ΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪ͸ ΒͰͻ ͼ; ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ
͸ͪͯͷͰͽͪΔͪͲͪͺͪͱΔ͹ͷͪ;ͯͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͰͷͳͽͰͻͳ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳ;͵Ͷ͹ΔͰ
͸ͳ ͼ ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͵ͪ ΃ͳͻͰΔ; ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͯͰͿͳ΁ͳͽͪ ͳ ͽͳ΀͹ͷ ͭ;ͫΓͰΔ;
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͋ͪͷ͹ͭͯͰͶͪͱͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰͬͪΒ;ͯͪͲͪͬͰͯ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ΃ͳͻͰͼͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͺͼͳ΀ͳ΂͵ͪ
ͽ͹ͻͽ;ͻͪ ͵͹Βͪ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰtͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪi͵ͪ͹ͼ;ͻ͹ͭͪͽͶͪͱͳ͈͹ΒͪͷΒͰͺ͹Βͪͼ
͸ͳͶͪͼͪͬͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͪͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͋ͻͪͷͺͪ ̓ͰͶͳͰ͸̓͹͸ͬͰΒ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳͲͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͻͽ
ͺͪͻ͹Ͷͪ ̹ͰͶͰ ͵;ΕͰ ͑͹͸ͪ ͑ͺͳ΁Ͱͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒ; ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͹
t΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;i͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͋ͻͪͷͺ͹ͬͪͳ͸ͪ;ͭ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͫͳͶͪt͸ͪΒͺ͹ͼͰΕͰ͸ͳΒͪͼͬͳ΀ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪi͆ͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳ
Β;ͷͰͯͳΒͪͯͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ ͼͪͬͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰ;ͲͬͻͪͽͳͶͪt̺ͳ͵ͪͱͰͽͰͯͪΒͰͽ͹Ͷͪͱ͑͹͸͑ͺͳ΁Ͱͻ ͸ͪ΃

̓͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ; ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽ, ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͪ
ͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬͪ ͈ͻͳ ͽ͹ͷͰ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽ ͳ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ t͈͹ͻ;͵ͪ ΒͰ ; ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔ;
ͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽͪ ͪ͵͹ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻΓͳͬͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͹ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ; Δ͹Β
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ;ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͼ͵;Ϳ͹ͻͷ;i ͽͬͻͯͰͅͳͻ͵͹ͳ͆ͰͬͰ͸ͪͅͳͶͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ

499
ͺ͹ͻͽͺͪͻ͹Ͷ– ͳͲ͸Ͱ͹ΒͰͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱi͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸͹ͬͳͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͶͰͭͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͯͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͻ ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͪ ͯͪ ͶͪͱͰ ͵ͪͯͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͹ ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰͽͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͽͳ΃ͽͪͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͽͪΒ͸ͳͳͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳΒͰ͋ͻͪͷͺͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͽͳͷ͹ͷͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ
͵ͪ;Βͪͬ͸͹Β͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸Ͱ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪͿͪ͵ͽͰ͵͹Βͳͷ;͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ; ͺͪ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪ
ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ̸ͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͶͪͱ ͪͶͳ;
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͷͰͯͳΒͪͼͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃ͰͺͻͰͷͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͷ͹Ε
͸ͳ͵ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͰ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻͰͳͷͰ͸;ΒͰ;t͸͹ͬͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽi ΃ͽ͹ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ͳ
;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͹ͽͳͷͪΔͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
̸̸͇͉͎̺́͊͋́̈́̿͆́̾͊͋́͠
̈́ͪͱͳ ͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ ͯͰͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ΀͹ͯ΁ͳͬͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͼ;͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹ ͼͶ;ͱͰΕͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ
͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͪͶͳͳ΀ͳͷͪͳ;ͼͿͰͻͳͲͪͫͪͬͰͳͰͼͽͻͪͯͰ͇ͫͳ΂͸͹ͼͰͺ͹Βͪͬ
Γ;Β;;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͰͳͶͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪ
ͼͶ;ͱͰͯͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͭͻ;ͺͳͳͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;͇ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͼ;ͺͻͪͽͳ͹΁ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ΒͰͻ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͵ͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͳͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ;ͼͬͪ
͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;
͎ͻ͹͸ͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͼͽ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͫ;͸ͪ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ;
͵͹ͻͰ͸ͰͲͪͺͪͱͪͷ͹Β͹΃;ͯͻͰͬ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͼͳͷͪt͌Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳ͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳossa, baxis, QIBUJTͳ QIFNB͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͳͲͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰͻͰ͵Ͷͪ͵ͪ
ͲͪͶͪ ͫͳͶ͹ͯͪΒͰͽ͹ΒͰͯͬͪ΂;Β͸͹΃ͪͺ;ͽͪΔͰ ͫͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ͵͹ΒͪͳͯͰ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͷͰͼͽͪͯ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͭͶͪͼ
͵͹Βͳͺͻͪͽͳ͸Ͱ͵;͹ͼ͹ͫ;ͳͶͳ ͺͪ͵ ͼͶͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͽͰͱͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͬͻͰͷͰ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͳͷΒͰͯͪͳ΀ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͳͶͳͷͪΔͰͽͰ΃͵͹;΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ ͯͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͳͯͻ;ͭ͹i ͆͹Βͫͪ;Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͠͹΃
ͽͪͯͪͼͰ;͹΂ͪͬͪͯͪͭͶͪͼͳ͸ͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͷͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ; ͯͪͷͰ΃ͪΒ;ͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽ͹ͳͶͪͱ͸͹ ͪͶͳͳͯͪ
ͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͽͪͷ͹ͭͯͰΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͺ͹ͫͰͯͪͷͪͳͶͳͺ͹ͻͪͲͳͷͪ ͼͷͻͽͳͳͶͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ΂ͳͷͰͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;΂;ͯͰͼ͸ͳ
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ
͉͌ͳͷ;ͼ;ͼͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ͸͹ͬͰͰͻͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶͰ"DUB4FBOBUVT ͺͻͰͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͪͶͳͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ
Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ ; ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͪͭ͹ͻͪ ͳ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ ͳͲ
ͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͼͪ ͹ͬͯͰͼ;ͷͰͼͽͪΒͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹͵;ͺΓͪΔͪͫͳͶͳͿ͹ͻ;ͷͳ ͼ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͼͬͪ΃ͽͪͷ͹ͭͶ͹΂;ͽͳ ͺͪ
ͳͼͺͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪͬͰͼͽ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͏ͳ΁Ͱͻ͹͸ͷͻͽͪͬ ͷͪΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ͸Ͱ ͳͪ͵͹ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͹ ͸ͪͺ;ͽ;Ͳͪ
͊ͳ΁ͳͶͳΒ;
6 ͆ͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͏ͰͲͪͻ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸;ͼͶ;ͱͫ;Ͳͪ͸ͪͯͲͳͻͪΔͰͳ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳ
ͬͪΔͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ͏ͳ΁Ͱͻ͹͸ͱͪͶͳ͸ͪͶͪ͵ͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ ͺͻͰͬͳ΃ͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ
͹͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳͷͽͻ͵ͪͷͪ ͫ͹ͻͫͪͷͪͭͶͪͯͳΒͪͽ͹ͻͪͳͻͳͷͼ͵ͳͷͲͪͫͪͬͪͷͪ ͪͺͻͰͷͪͶ͹͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ
Δͳͷͪ
ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽ͹ͻͷ;ͺ͹ͻ;΂;ΒͰ͆ͪͺͻͪͬͳͽͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺͪ;Δͳͷͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓ;ΒͽͰ΃ͽͪ΀͹ΕͰͽͰ
͇͵ͽͪͬͳΒͪ͸ ̸ͬͭ;ͼͽ Β͹΃ ͬͳ΃Ͱ Ͳͭ;΃Δͪͬͪ ͷͻͰͱ; ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀
6
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͼͪͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹;ͫͳΒͰ͸ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͭͶͪͬͪΒͰͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ;Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷ;͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ
;͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͶͪͼͬͪ͵ͪͼ;ͷΔͪ(Christ, 1988, ͼͽͻ

ͯ͹;΃͸ͳ͵ͪ EFMBUPSFT
ͯͪΒͪͬΓͪΒ;͹ͼͬͰͷ;΃ͽ͹ͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͻ;ͫ͹ͬͳͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͶͳ͸Ͱͷͳͻͳ͠͹΃ͽͪͯͪͼͰ;͹΂ͪͬͪͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯΒͰ͵ͪͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ͵ͪͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͳ ͪͶͳ
ͳͷ͹Εͼ;ͫͬͰͻͲͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶͪͼͳ͸ͪ
͊͸ͪͭͪ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͻͪͲ͹ͻ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ;ͼ͵ͻ΃Δ; ͸ͰͯͰΓ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;
ͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͭͻͪͯͳΕ;͋ͻͰ͸ͽ; ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͹ͯͬ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͳͯͰ΂ͪ͵͊ͳͷ͹͸ͳ͸͹͍ͻͪΔͰͬͪ΂͵ͳͼͬͰ΃
ͽͰ͸ͳ͵̹Ͱͻ͸ͪ͸ͯͳ͸͹ͯͰ͍ͰͶͽͻͰ;ͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͳΒͰ͹ͺͽ;ͱͳ͹͠ͰͬͻͰΒͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͰͽͰͱͻͽͬ͹ͬͪ͸͹
ͯͪͫͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ͵ͻͬͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͼͶͪͬ;ͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ͵͈ͪͪͼ΀Ͱ̻͹ͬ͹ͻ͵ͪΔͪͼ;ͼͰͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͶͪͽͪ͵͹ͫͻͲ͹
ͯͪΒͰͫͳͼ͵;ͺͦ͹͸*7͎ͪΒͯͰͻͫͪ΀͸ͪͻͰͯͳ͹ͯͪͼͰͼͬͳ͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳ;ͭͻͪͯ;;΀ͪͺͼͰ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼ;͸ͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͪͽ
͵͹ͭ ͼ;ΌͰΔͪ Δͳ΀ ͺͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͻ͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ ͵ͻͳͬͳͷ ͳ ͱͳͬͳ ͼͺͪΓͰ͸ͳ ͸ͪ Ͷ͹ͷͪ΂ͳ ́ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͺͪͺͪ
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͯͪΒͰͬͰͼͽͶͪͱ͸ͪ ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪΒ͹ΒͼͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͳ ΒͰͻΒͰͺͻͰͬͳ΃ͰΓ;ͯͳͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͶ͹ ;ΔͰ͸;
ͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽ ̻Ͷͪͼͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹͠ͰͬͻͰΒͳͺͳΒ;͵ͻͬ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͰ΁Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͽͻ;ΒͪͶͰͼ;΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ͹ͷ
ͪ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵; ͼͽͻͪ͸; ͺͻͳ΂Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷͪ ΒͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͼ͵;ͺ ͎ͪΒͯͰͻͫͪ΀ ;ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ͭ ͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͪ
ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳ͹ͼͬͰ΁Ͱͷ ͻͪͼͺͳͻ;Β;Εͳͪ͸ͽͳͼͰͷͳͽͳͲͪͷ
͇ͽ͵ͻͳΕͰ̻;ͽͰ͸ͫͰͻ͹ͬͰͺͻͰͼͰͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͰͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ͸ͳͺͻͬͳ
;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͰͼͽͳͯͰͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͯͪͽ͹΂ͳ͸Ͱ͋Ͱ͹Ϳͻͪͼͽ͉Ͱ͸͹ͯ͹ ͺͻͬ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͳͷͰ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ͸͹ͬͳ
͸ͪͻͼͽͬ; ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͺͪͻͳͼ͵Ͱ-B(B[FUUF Β͹΃;͸ͪΒͪͬͳͺͻͬ͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪ ͷͪΒͪ ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ
t́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͶ;ͱͳͳͼͽͳ͸ͳ ͪ΀ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͳͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪͶͪͱͳ̸͸ͰͶͪͱͰ
͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰͶͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Β͹Βͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽͰ͊ͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͪͶͪͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͲͪ͹ͼ;ͯ;i ̹ΒͰͶͳ΁ͪ ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͺͰ͵ͽͪ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΂Ͱ͹ͷ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͷ΂;ͯ͹
ͬͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ ΂;ͯ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͷ ͶͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ;ͫͳͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͰͺͳͯͰͷͳΒͳͷͪ ͳ ͫ͹ͱΒͳͷ ΂;ͯͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͰ ͼ;
Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͱͰΓ;΂ͳͽͪͶͪ΁ͪ ͭͻͪͯͰΕͳͷ͹ͼͽͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͫͰͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹̓ͪͯͪ/FX:PSL4VO
͹ͫΒͪͬͳ ͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͪͱ; t̺ͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͅͰͼͰ΂Ͱͬͪ ͺͻͰͬͪͻͪi ͽͬͻͯͰΕͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪ ͅͰͼͰ΁; ͱͳͬͰ ͬͪ͸ͲͰͷͪΓ΁ͳ
ͪ;ͯͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͷͬͰͻ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹̿;ͽ͹͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͬͻͶ͹ͷ͹Ε͸͹ ͺͪ͵ͪͯͪͪ͸ͽͳ͵ͪͽ͹
Ͷͳ΂͵Ͱ ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ; ͍ͳͶͪͯͰͶͿͳΒͳ ͹ͺͽ;ͱ;Β; ́ͻ΁Ͱ ͯͪ ͵ͻͪͯ; ̹ͳͫͶͳΒͰ ͳͲ Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹
͸ͪͼͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͳ͸ͪͺͪͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ7 ̓͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͰͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;ͳ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΂Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͬ͹΁ͳͻͪΒ;ͫͰͼͳͼͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̾ͺͳͯͰͷͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͽͻͪ΀͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͳͱͰ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͰͻͰͯͼͪͷ͹;ͭͶͪͬͪͷͪ
Γ;ͯͳͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͪͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ͆ͪͼͳΓͰ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͼͿͰͻͳΒͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸
ͯ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͪͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪͽͳͬͪ͸ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻ͵ͻͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͳΕͪ͸ͪͪͅͻͼ͹ͬͳͷͺ͹Γͳͷͪ;͈ͪͻͳͲ;Β;Ͷͪ
͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͭͪͻͯͪͺ;΁ͪͶͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ́ͼ͵ͻͪ͸ͪͼͳΓͪͺ͹ͽͰ͵ͶͪΒͰ͹ͯͭͶͪͼͳ͸ͪ
͹ͫͪ͸͵ͻ͹ͽ;ͬͶͪͯͰͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪͺ͹͵͹Γ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͼͶͰͯͳ͹Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹;ͬ͹ͯ
7
̿;ͽͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͼͰ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͺͻͳͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͪͿ͹ͻͷ;ͶͰΓ;ͫͪͬͳͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳ͵ͪͲͪͱͰ͸Ͱ ͪͼͺ͹ͻͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͲͪ
ͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁Ͱ ͇ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ ͽͳͻͪͱͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ; ͬͻͰͷͰ ̺ͳͶͳΒͪͷͪ ͎Ͱͻͼͽͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷͳ ͼ; ͱͰΓ; Ͳͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ΃ͽ͹ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;ΒͰ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ϳ͹ͽ͹-ͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͰͻͪ ͍ͻͰͯͰͻͳ͵ͪ ͉Ͱͷͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪ ͳ
͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻ͉ͪͳ΂ͪͻͯͪ̽ͰΒͬͳͼͪ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͻͰͯͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ/FX:PSL+PVSOBM"NFSJDB ͺ͹ͼͶͪͶͪͯͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;͹͵ͻͳͲͳ͸ͪ
̓;ͫͳ ̓ͪͯͪ Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽͳ ͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͰͻͳ ΒͪͬΓͪΒ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ͎Ͱͻͼͽ ͳͷ ͽͰͶͰͭͻͪͿͳ΃Ͱ
tͅ͹Ͷͳͷ ͬͪͼ ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͳͽͰ ̺ͳ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͫͻͳ͸ͳͽͰ Ͳͪ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪ Βͪ Ε; Ͳͪ ͻͪͽi ̹ΒͰͶͳ΁ͪ ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

́Ͳͷͳ΃ΓͪΒ;Εͳ ͷ͹͸ͼͽͻ;͹Ͳ͸ͪ ͸ͰͯͰͶͪ ͎Ͱͻͼͽ ΒͰ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͹ ΃ͺͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͯͪ ΒͰ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͯ
ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͷΔͰΔͪͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ;Εͳ;ͻͪͽ

;ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ;͵͹ΒͪΕͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͰΒͲͪͱͯͻͱͪͬͰ͊ͬͪ͵͹ͭΒ;ͽͻͪͺ͹ΒͪͬΓͳͬͪͶͳͼ;ͼͰ͸͹ͬͳ
ͺͪͷͿͶͰͽͳ ;ͬͰ͵ͳͲͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͽͪͫ͹ͻͪ ͼͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ΁ͳͿͻͪͷͪͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸ͳͷ͹ͺͽ;ͱͳͬͪ
ΔͰͷ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻ̻ͪ͹ͬ͹ͻ͵ͪΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͰͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͳͼ;ͷͰͽͰͱ ͼ;ͷ
Δ; ͸ͰͻͰͯͰͳͰ͵ͼ΁ͰͼͰ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;Εͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͻͰͶͰͬͪͽ͸ͰͳͲͪ΃ͳͻͰͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳ
ͽͰΓͼ͵͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰ͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; Ͳͪͼͽͻͪ΃;Β;Εͪ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͪΒͰͯͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ΂ͳͽͪ
Β;Εͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ ͻͰͪͶ͸; ͼͶͳ͵; ͽͻͪͱͰΕͳ ͺͻͪͬͯ; ͸ͪ ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͈ͪͻͳͲͪ ̺ͰΕ ͽͪͯͪ ͼͰ
ͷ͹ͱͰͲͪͺͪͲͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹Ͷͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪΒ;ͭ͹ͷͳͶͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͳ΂;Εͳ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͳ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬ͹͵ͪ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ
͌ͽͰͷͰΓͳͷͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ;;͹΂ͳͽͳͶͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ̹Ͱ͸Θͪ
ͷͳ͸ ͍ͻͪ͸͵Ͷͳ͸ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͽͬ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ ̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͌ͼͽͪͬͪ ; ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ1FOTZMWBOJB(B[FUUF ΃ͳͻͳ͹ΒͰͺͻͳ΂Ͱ͹́͸ͯͳΒͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͪͻͪΌ;Β;ͼͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ͵ͻͪ
ΓͰͷͦ͹ͻΘ͹ͷ ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͺ͹ͯΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͪͶͳ΁͹ͷͺ;ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻͪ͵ͪ͵͹t͵ͻͪΓ΃ͪΓͰ΀ͳΓͪͯͰͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͫͳ;ͭ;΃ͳͶͳ;ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͪi͏ͳΓ
ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸Ͱͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͰͻͳΒͰͫͳ͹ΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵͸ͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͳΒͪͬͰ;ͻͰͯ͹ͬͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γͪ΁ͪͳͽͪ͵͹
ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸;;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͳͯͰͼͳͶ͹ͪͅͽͻͳ΁;ͼ;ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͺͪͼͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ97***ͬͰ͵ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͫͪͬͳͶͪͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳͷ
ͺͻͳ΂ͪͷͪt͹΁ͻ͸΁ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸͹ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΒ;;ͫͰͶ΁Ͱi ͪͶͳͳͺ͹ͫ;͸ͪͷͪͳ͸ͪͬ͹
ͯ͸ͳͷͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͪ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪͶ͹͸ͪͼͳΓͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͫ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͊ͪͼͬͪ͵ͳͷ͸͹ͬͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͰͷ΃ͳͻͳͶͪͼͰͼ͸ͪͭͪͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰͬͰΕͪͶͪͱ͹ͫͰͲ
ͫͰΌͳͬͪͶͪͶͪ͵΃ͳͺͻͳΒͰͷ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂ͪ͸ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͈ͪͻͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͵ͪͯͪ
ͼͰ̺ͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͶͪͬͰͼͽ͹ͳ͸ͬͪͲͳΒͳͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰͲͰͷΓ͹ͷ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ
ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͆Ͱͷͪ΁ͪ;̹ͰͶͭͳΒͳ͆͹ͬͳ͸ͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;t́ͷͪͳ΀ͼͬ;ͯͪ;ͬ͹Ͳ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͪͼͺ;΃ͽͰ
͸ͳͷͻ͹Ͷ͹ͳͷͪ ͸ͪͱͰͶͰͲ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͰͻ͹͸ͳͷͪ͹ͽͻͰͼͪΒ;ͼ͸Ͱͭͼͪ΂ͳͲͪͷͪ͌̓ͪͻͶͪΒͶ;ͳ̹Ͱͻͬͳ͵;͸ͪ͋ͬͳͯ;
;ͻͶͪͶͳ ͼ; ͺͳΒͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ ͬ͹ͽ͵Ͱ ͪ ; ̽ͪͻͪͷ; ͼ; ͻ;ͫΓͪͷͪ͸ͪͺ;͸ͳͶͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽ Ͳͪ ͵͹΁͵ͪΔͰi8 %BJMZ/FXT
ͯͰͬͰͽ͹ͭͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪͺͳ΃Ͱͯͪͼ;ͬͳΌͰ͸ͳͳ͸ͪ͹͵ͼͿ͹ͻͯͼ͵͹Βͼͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰ΂ͳͽͪͬͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ
;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ΕͰ ͯ͹Εͳ ͯ͹ ͼͶ͹ͷͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ ͈ͻͳͱͰΓ͵ͳͬͪΔͰ Βͪ͵ͳ΀
ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͪ΂ͰΒͰ͹ͯͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ ͺͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͬͰͼͽͪͺͰͯͰͼͰͽ΀ͳΓ͉ͪͯͪ;ͼͪ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͺͳͼͪͶ͹ ;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳ΀ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͹͵͹ ͼͰͯͪͷ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼ; ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ ͫͳͶͳ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔ;͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͪ
ͫ͹Βͳ΃ͽͪ̈́ͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ͱͰΓͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͯͳͿ;Ͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Β͹ͷ ͼͰ ͵͹ͷͺͰ͸Ͳ;ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͋͹͵͹ͷ ͻͪͽͪ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͼ;
ͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͰͺͻͳ΂Ͱ͹ͫͻ;ͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͪͼ;ͼͰ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͆Ͱͷ΁ͳͳ͈͹Γͪ΁ͳͷͰΌ;
ͼ͹ͫ͸͹͹ͺͽ;ͱͳͬͪͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͪ΁ͪΒ;ͫͰͫͰͳͲͪͬͳ͹͸ͪ ;͵;ͬͪΒͽͼ͵͹-ͳͻͪ΂͵͹ͷͻͪͽ;͹ͬͪ͵͹Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪͬͰͼͽ
ΕͰͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͲͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫ
͊ͽͻͪ΃͸;ͷ͹Εͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ;ͳͼ͵;ͼͳͶͳ͆Ͱͷ
΁ͳ ͹΂ͳΒͳͷͼͰ͸ͰͯͰͶͳͷͪͺͻͳ΂ͪͶ͹΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͯͰ͹͸ͪͻͪͽͳͬͪͺ͹ͽͳ΁ͪ͹ͳͲͺͻ͹
ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͵;΀ͳΔͪ ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͲͪͺͪͷΕͰ͸ͳ΀Ͷͪͱͳ ͫͳͶͪ ΒͰͳ ͹͸ͪ ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ; Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵ͰͲͪ
ͺͻͰͻͪͯ;͹ͽͺͪͯͪ;ͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͳ̓͹ͫͶͰ͸΁ͪ ;͵͹Β͹Βͼ;ͶͰ΃Ͱͬͳ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͻͪΌͳ
ͬͪ͸ͳ;ͫͻͪ΃͸͹Ͳͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͼ͵;ͳͼ΀ͻͪ͸; ͷͪͻͭͪͻͳ͸ͳͭͶͳ΁Ͱͻͳ͸Ͳͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;ͫͪͻ;ͽͪ ͈ͻͳ΂;ΒͰ
8
Ponsonby, 1928, ͼͽͻ

ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ͹ͫΒͪͬͳ͹Times ͪͺͻͳͶͪ ͯͪͫͳͼͰͯͪΓͰͺ͹ͯͭͻͰͬͪͶͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻͰ
͸͹ͼͳͶͰͳͯͻ;ͭͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͌ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͆Ͱͷ΁ͳͼ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͳ͵ͪͿͳͶͰͻͳΒ;ͲͪͺͻͰͻͪͯ;ͶͰ΃Ͱ
ͬͪ ͵͹Δͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͪ ;ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ ͫ͹Βͳ΃ͽ; ͪͶͳ ΒͰ ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪΔͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͶͪͱͺ͹ͯͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ 9
̀ͫ͹ͭ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͪͶͳΒͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͯͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͪ;ͯͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͷͪͲͪͬͳͼͰ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ
͵ͪ͵͹΂͹ͬͰ͵ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͺ͹ͻ;͵; ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸ͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ̈́ͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͼͰ ;ͬͰ͵͹ͼͶͪ
ΔͪΒ;͸ͪͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͻ΁ͳΓͪΒ;͸ͪͰͷ͹΁ͳΒͰͳͪͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͫ;ΌͰΔͰͷ
ͼͽͻͪͼͽͳͳͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͶͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͊ͰͷΒ;ͰͶ͎͹ͺ͵ͳ͸ͼ̸ͯͪͷͼΒ͹΃
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰt̽ͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͶͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ ͽͻͰͫͪ΂ͳͽͪͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͷͪͱͳi ͬͳͯͰͽͳ;)BSEU
ͼͽͻ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͯ;ͭͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ;ͬͰ͵ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͶ͹ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͽͻͪͱͳͶͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ
΂ͳͷͰͼ;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͪ;ͽͪ͵ͷͳ΁ͪͳ͵͹͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ

ẗ̸̸̸͈͉͇͉̺͇͈͉̻͇͇́̿͊̾͑́́͊̾͋̾͆̾͑͋́͊͋́͆͌͊͋͆̾́̀ͅ
̸͉̺̓̾̾͋i
͆ͳ͵ͪͯͪ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͸ͳͼ; ͼͽͳͲͪͶͰ ͫͻͱͰ ͯ͹ ͪ;ͯͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͷͪ ͺͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ ;ͫͻͲͪ͹ ͯͳͿ;ͲͳΒ; ͼͬͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ ͯͪ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ ͼͬ;ͯͪ ͳ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸; ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵͹ͷ ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵; ͌ ͳͼͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͵ͪ͹
ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹΂ͰͶͪΒͰ͵ͻͳͲͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͪͶͳͳͼͪͷͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪͳ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰͺ͹΂ͰͶͪͯͪͼͰͭ;ͫͳͳͲΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ
͈͹ͼͽͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ ͳͶͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͼ;ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͽ͸ͳͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͯͪͼ;͹͸ͳ
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͬͪ͵͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬͳ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸Ͱ
ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳͻͪ΂;͸ͪ͹ͯͪΓͳͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ Ͷͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͰΒ͹΃ͺͻͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸
͵ͪͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͪͶͳͼ;ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰͳͯͳͭͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͪͶͰ;ͫͻͲͪΔͰͳͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ΂ͳͷͰΒͰͷ͹Εͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͻͪͼͶͪ ͌ ͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭ͸͹ͷ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪΒͰ
ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ͸ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͳtͺͻͪͬͰiͬͰͼͽͳͳ͸ͪͺ;ͫͶͳ͵; ͻͰ΁ͳͺͳΒͰ͸ͽͰ
͵͹Βͪͳ΀͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͪͶͳ;ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ
͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;ͼͬͪ͵ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁͵͹Βͳͳͷͪͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ;ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪtͺͻͪͬͳ
ͬͰͼͽͳi
̓Γ;΂ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ ; ͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸͹ͷ ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷ; ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͶͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͯ͹͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ ͳͷͪͶͰ
ͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒ;ͯͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪͼͪͷͰ΃ͳͻͰͿͪͫͻͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ͹ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ;
ͼͬͰͽ; ̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳͷ ͬͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ ͼ; ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΂ͳͽͪͬͳ΀
9
͆ͪ΂ͰͶ͸ͳ͵ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͬ͹Β͸͹͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ-ͷͪΒ͹ͻ͐ͪͻͽͰͻͳͼΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͽ͵ͻͳ͹ͺͻͰͬͪͻ;
͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͽ͹Ͷ;ͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͰͯͬͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ͸ͪΌͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͲͪͻ͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀͆Ͱͷͪ΁ͪ͆ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͼͰͬͳͯͰͶ͹͵ͪ͵͹
ͺͻeͬ͹ͲͰͶͰ΃ͰͬͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͯͳͺ͹͵͹ͺͪ;ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸ͳ ͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Β͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͰͬ͹ͲͰ ;ͭͳ͸;ͶͰ͵͹ΔͰ;Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵;
ͼͪͺ;͸ͪ͌ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;ΒͰͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ͹͸ͪͽͺͳͼͰ ͪ͹͸ͯͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͪ͹;͑ͪ͸ͭͪΒ ͻͪ΂;͸ͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͵͹ΒͰ̓ͳ͸ͰͲͳͭͪΒͰͺͻͰͷͪͷͻͽͬͳͷͺͻͰ΁ͳͷ͈ͪͻͳ΂ͪͼͰ͹ͯͷͪ΀tͲͪͬͻͽͰͶͪi͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳ͵̸ͪͷͰͻͳ΁ͳͳ
͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͯͰͷ͹͸ͳͲ;Β;Εͳ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ,OJHUIUMFZ ͼͽͻ

͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͊ͻͫͪ – ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ ͉ͪ΂ͪ͵ ͪͅͻ͵ͪͶͰ
ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͳ΂ͪ ͹ ΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͹ͻ;ͱΒ;
͊ͪͯͪͷ͎ͪ;ͼͰͳ͸ͪͫͳͶͪΒͰͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͲͪ͸ͪͺͪͯ ͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͳͺΓͪ΂͵; ́ͻͪ͵ͪͯ͹͵ΒͰ΂ͳͽͪͬ͸ͳͲt͹ͫ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀
ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪi ; ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͳͶͳ ͸ͪ ̹Ͷͳͼ͵͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹͵; ͳ ; ͸ͪͿͽ͹ͷ
ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͷ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͻͰͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͺ͹ͯͻ΃΁ͳ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͳ ͬͰͼͽͳ ; ͸ͰͼͪͭͶͪͼΒ; ͼͪ
ͳͼͽͳ͸͹ͷ͌Ͳͪ͹΃ͽͻͰ͸ͳͷͿͪͲͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ ͼ;ͺ
ͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰΕ;Β; ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͳ΀ͯͰͶͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰͻͪͼͽͰ ͪͶͪͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ
ͼͶ;ͱͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫͰ͵ͻͳͲ;̈́ͪͱ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͿ͹ͻͼͳͻͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͻ͹ͲͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰͼͰͳͼͽͳ΂;
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͳͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͺͼͰ;ͯ͹͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ
ͺͻͰ͵ͻͪΒͪΒ;͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͳͼͬͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ͇ͽ;ͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;tΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͳͽ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵; ͽͪ͵͹ͳͪ͵ͽ;
ͰͶ͸;͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱi ͅͳͶͪ΃ͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̓Ͱ΃Ͱͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͉Ͱͽ͵ͳͭͶͪͼ͹ͬͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͬͰ͸ͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹͵ͪ͵͹ͷͰͯͳΒͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͫͻͲ͹ͼͰ ;Ε;ͽ͵;Β;ͳͶͳ
ͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳ΃; ̓ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͵ ͈;Ͷͳ΁Ͱͻ͹ͬͰ ͸ͪͭͻͪͯͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻ ͊ͳͷ͹ͻ
͎Ͱͻ΃ ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͯ;ͭ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ ͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ ͺͻͰͼͽͳͱ͸ͳ΀ ͊ͅͅ ͳͲͯͪΔͪ /FXZPSLFS ͳ /FX :PSL 5JNFT,
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪ͹ͯͪ;-POEPO3FWJFXPG#PPLT ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͪͺͻͳͶͪ;ͼͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻ͹ͬͳ͸΁ͳΒͳ
́ͯͶͳͫ ͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ̸Ͷ̓ͪͳͯͰ
͸ͳΒͰͯͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͺͪͯͼͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͻ;
ͱΒͰͷ ͺͻͰͯͼͪͷ͹΃ͽͪͷͺͪΔͰͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂ΒͰͺ͹ͬ;͵ͪ͹΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷͰͯͳΒ͸ͳΒͰ
ͱͰͶͰ͹ͯͪͭͪ͹ͫΒͪͬͳ
10 ͑ͽͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶ͹;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪͽͰ΃͵͹ΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹͸Ͱͽ͸;ͽͳ
ΒͰͻΒͰͳͼͽͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻ;ͳͼͽ͹ͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ͵;΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͻͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͹ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸;ͪ͸ͪ
ͶͳͲ;͸ͪͺͪͯͪ͹ͽͻ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͭͪͼ͹ͷͼͪͻͳ͸ ;ͼͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͭͻͪͯ;̻;ͽͪ ͯ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪ
Ͷͪͱ͸͹ ͹ͺͽ;ͱͰ͸ͪ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳͼͽͳ Ͷͪͱ͸Ͱ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β; Ͳͪ ͽͲͬ ͵ͪͫ;͵ͳ ͳͭͻ; ͵͹Βͪ
ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺͻͪͲ͸; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ;ͼͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫ;͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͷͻ͹͵;ͺͻͳͬ;͵Ͷͪ
ͺͪͱΔͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹ͻͽͺͪͻ͹Ͷ̹ͰͶͰ͵;ΕͰ͑͹͸͊ͺͪΒͼͰͻ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ͹ΒͰ̽ͪͷͪͼ͵ͯͪͼ;ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͫͪͬͰ
΃ͽͪΒ΁ͳ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͶͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͰͲͪtΒ͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸i΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵͹-ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͸ͪͺͪͯ
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͪͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ͵ͪ;͌͆͆ͳ͵ͳ͎ͰΒͶͳͳͲΒͪͬͳͶͪΒͰͯͪΕͰ̸͊̽͹΃ͽͻ͹ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪͽͳ͸ͪtͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬ;i
;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪ ͯͪͫͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͰͦͰΒͷͼͪͅͽͳͼͯͬͪͯͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿͪͶ͸͹
ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͹͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͽΔͪ;ͻ͹ͯͳͶͪͺͶ͹ͯ͹ͷͳͯͪ͊ͳͻͳΒͪͳͺͪ͵͸ͰΕͰͳͲͬͰͼͽͳ͸ͪͺͪͯ΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͻ;
ͱΒͰͷ͈ͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͋ͻͪͷͺΒͰͪͺͻͳͶͪ͸ͪͻͰͯͳ͹͸ͪͺͪͯ͹ͯͷͪͲͯͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͼͳͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͪͬͳ͹-ͫͪͲͰͳͲ͵͹ΒͰ
ΒͰ͸ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ ͪͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸ͳͻͰΒͽͳ͸ͭ͹ͯͷͪ΀ΒͰͺ͹ͬͻͪΕͰ͸́͸ͪΒͱͰ΃Εͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͵ͪ͹
΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͍ͪͻͳͯ̀ͪ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͼͪ$//-ͪ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͭΒ;ͽͻͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰtͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹΃ͶͰ
͸͹Εͳ̽͹͸ͪͶͯ͋ͻͪͷͺͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̸͊̽i
ͅ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͺ͹ͻ͹;͹΂ͪͬͪͯͪͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯͪͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳͷ͵ͪͺͳ
ͽͪͶ͹ͷ ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱ ;ͷ͹ͬͰ ;͸͹ͼͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ ͹ ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͈;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͷͻͰͱͪͷͪ ͺͻͪͽͳ
10
̓ͪ͵͹ ͺͳ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ͵ %JF 8FMU, t;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ -POEPO 3FWJFX PG #PPLT
ͼ; ͭͪ
ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͺͶͪͽͳͶͳͳ ͼͺͻͰͷͳͶͳͲͪ͹ͫΒͪͬ;ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ ͼ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͳͶͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͪͶͳ ͼ;͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒ;
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ;ͼͶͰͯͲͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽͳͯͪͫͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͫͳ͹ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͷͪͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ
͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯ ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸; ͼͳͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͳͻ;ͼ͵Ͱ ͬͶͪͯͰi ͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ ΒͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͳͲ͸ͰͬͰͻͰ͸ͪ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ͸ͪ;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ.

ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ͵͹Βͳ Β͹Β ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ; ͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ΒͰ΃ͽ͹͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͺͻͪͽͰΕͳͽ; ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ
͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͲ͸͹ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ̈́ͪ͵͹ͬͰͻ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͼͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͲͪͺͪΔ;Β;Εͪ ͺͪ͵ͪͯͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳ
ͳͺͻ͹ͻ;ͼ͵ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ͹ͫΒͪͬͰͯͪͼ;̸͊̽ͺ͹ͼͶͪͶͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͰ͸͵͹ͬͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻͳͺͻͰ
ͷͪͲͪtͻͪͽiͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉ͬ;ͼͳΒͰ ͻͰͽ͵ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͯͪͳ΀ΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹;ͺ;ΕͰ͸͹ ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷ͹ͯͬͻͪΕͪΔͪ
͹ͯͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͺͪͯͪ͸ͪ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸;̽ͳͼͺͰͻͲͳΒͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ;΁ͪͻͼͽͬ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͶͳ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪͯͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͫͳͽ͸͹΃ͽͪ ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ΃ͽͪ ͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͳͷͪΒ;ͯͪ͵ͪͱ; – ͷͰͯͳΒͳ
͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃;ͼͬ͹Β;ͺͻͳ΂; ΂ͪ͵ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰͫͪͻͪͽͪΒ; ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ̈́ͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͼ;͵ͪ͹ͿͳͽͳΓͳͲͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͬͪͽͻͰ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͬͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ #SFJUCBSU/FXT/FUXPSL ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͼͪΒͽ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͋ͻͪͷͺͪͳͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪ;ͶͽͻͪͯͰͼ
͸ͳ΂ͪͻͼ͵Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͻͪͯ͹ΒͰ΂ͳͽͪ͸΃ͳͻ͹ͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂Ͱͭͪ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͬͪͯͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͳͼͪΒͽ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱͷͪ
΂͵͹ͷͳͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹ͷͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳ͹͸ΒͰ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵Ͱͼͬ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͳͯͰͻͪ
͋ͪΒͼͪΒͽΒͰΒͪ͸;ͪͻͪ͹ͫΒͪͬͳ͹ͯͪͼͰtͻ;Γͪ͹ͯΓ;ͯͳi͵͹Βͳͼ;;Ͳͬͳ͵ͳͬͪͶͳͳͼͶͪͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͼͶ͹ͭͪ͸Ͱ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͶͪ ͼ ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳ ͲͪͺͪͶͳͶͪ ͸ͪΒͼͽͪͻͳΒ; ΁ͻ͵ͬ; ; ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β ; ̽͹ͻͽͷ;͸ͯ; ͪͶͳ ͼ;
ͬͶͪͼͽͳͫͻͲ͹Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͶͰͽͰͭͶͪͼͳ͸Ͱ̽͹ͻͽͷ;͸ͯͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͶͪͯͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͽͪ΂͸ͪ ͪͶͳBreitbart ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͬ;͵ͪ͹ͬͰͼͽ11
̈́ͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳ ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͷͻͰͱͪͷͪͻͰͯͳͲͪΒ͸ͳͻͪͶͰ ͼ; ͹ͫͶͳ͵ ;ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ; ͼ ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳͷ
ͬͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͪͶͳΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͷΔͰΔͪ ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵͹ͭͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔ͉ͪͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰͼͽͳͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ; ͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͯͪͼͰͽͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͫͻͳ΃Ͱ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͽ;ͻͪͶͳͼͽͳ
΂͵ͪ ͭͻͰ΃͵ͪ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ; ̿ͪ͵Ͱͽ ͼͽͻ
͆Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͬͪͱͳͶ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ
ͷͰͻͳͫͶͳͲͳ͸͹ͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪͷ͹Εͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͺ;ͶͳͼͪͶͳ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͲͪͬͳ
ͼͳͶͳ͹ͯΔͳ΀ ͯ͹͵;ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;ͯͰͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͼͽͳΕͳͼͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͪͯͻͰͼͰ̹ͰͲ
͍ͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ, ͋ͬͳͽͰͻͪ ͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰͱͪͶͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳ͸ͰͫͳͫͳͶͰͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ ͪͶͳͽ͹
͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͫͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͵͹ͷͳ͹͸Ͱ͸ͰͼͽͪͶͰͳͲΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ̽ͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪΒͰ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͳͷͪͯͪͲͪ͵ͻͪΕͰͬͻͰͷͰͺͻͳ͵;ͺͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͪͶͳ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͼͷͪΔ;Β;Εͳͫͻ͹Βͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀;ͻͰͯͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͳͷΒͰͺͻͰͷͪͶ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͬͰ
ͻͪͬͪΔͰ ̸Ͷͭ͹ͻͳͽͷ͹ͬͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ; Δ;ͲͿͳͯ͹ͬͰ12 ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͪͬͪΒ; ͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͶͳ
͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͰΕͷͰͻͰͼͪͷ͹͵Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͰ ΂ͳͷͰͱ;ͽͳͶ͹ͳͲͫͳΒͪ;ͺͻͬͳͺͶͪ͸̀ͪͽ͹ͼ;
Ͷͪͱ͸Ͱ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹Ͳͳͬ͸Ͱ ͼ;ͫͬͰͻͲͳͬ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ ͹ͺͪͼ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ; ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷ
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪͯͪͽͻͰͫͪ΀ͳͽͻ͹ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͽͳ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰͿ͹ͻͼͳͻͪΒ;ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;
ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͯ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͯͪͶͳΒͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͳͼ;͵ͬͪ
ͶͳͽͰͽͳͶͳͬͰͻ͹ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͬͰΕͫͻ͹Β͵Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͪ ͶͪΒ͵͹ͬͪ ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͳͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ͋͹
;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼͽͪ͸͹ͫͶͳ͵ͬͰͫͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ;ͻͰ ;͵͹Β͹Βͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͹ͫͻ͹Β;͵Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͻͪͯ;ͻͰͯͪ
͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪͲͪͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͻͰͯͳͭ͹ͬͪΔͰ
$MJDLTUSFBN͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ
11
̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͼ; ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪͶͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͲͪͶ;ͽͪͶͳ ͬͪͽͻ͹ͷͰͽ ͳͲͪͲͬͪ͹ ͷͪͶͳ ͺͶͪͷͰ͸ ͸ͪ ͯͰͶ; Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸Ͱ
ͷͻͰͱͰ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͳͳͯͪΒͰ;ͭͪ΃Ͱ͸ͺ͹ͼͶͰͼͪͷ͹ͷͳ͸;ͽͪ́ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͳ͸ͳΒͰͭ͹ͻͰ͹͵ͻ͹ͬ ͸ͳͽͳΒͰ͹͸ͪ
͸ͪΒͼͽͪͻͳΒͪ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β ͺͻͰ͸Ͱ͹ΒͰ5IF(VBSEJBO Βͪ͸;ͪͻͪ
12
t͢;ͲͿͳͯ͹ͬͳiͼ;ͷͰͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͍ͰΒͼͫ;͵ͪ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͼͬͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͪͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪΒ;͸ͪ
ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ

ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͳ;͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͯ͹͵;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵Ͷͪ͵͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸;
ͳͶͳ;ͯͪͻ͸;ͺͻͳ΂;͵͹Βͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͺ͹ͼͰͽͳͶͪ΁ͪ ͪͽͳͷͰͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰ
͌ͬͰͻͪͬͪΔͰͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽ͹ ͪ͸ͰͳͲ͸͹΃ͰΔͰͼͪͷͰͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͻͪ΂;͸ͪ
͸ͪͪͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹;΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹Βͺ͹ͯͼͬͰͼͽͳ– ͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͵͹ͭ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹ ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ͸͹
– ΒͰͻͼͰͽͪ͵͹Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ
ͺ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ́Ͷ;ͼͽͻͪͽͳͬͪ͸ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͪ/KV[OFU ΂ͳΒ;ͼ;ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸;ͬͰͼͽͯͪΒͰͺͳΒͪ͸ͳ͊ͻͫͳ͸
̽ͻͪͭͪ͸͊ͽͰͬͳΕ͵͹ͯ͑ͪͻͷͰͶ͑Ͱͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͯͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹ͷͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷͪ;ͫͳ͹ͪΒ͵;Ͷ; ͺͻͰ͸ͰͶͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͳ͉ͪͯͳͬͰΕͰ;ͬͰͻΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͯͪͽͪΒͰͳͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͻͳͫͰ͸ͪͺͶͪͱͳ ͪͺ͹ͻͰͯΔͰͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͪ
ͼͪͺ͹ͽͺͳͼ͹ͷtͅ͹ͻͰͳͲͫͪ΁ͳͶ͹ͽͻ͹ͿͰΒͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͽ;ͻͳͼͽͰi13 ̈́ͪͱ͸ͪͬͰͼͽΒͪ΂ͪͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪ-
ͻͳ΃;ͳͶͳͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽ;Β;ͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͺͪͽͪ͵͹̓͹ͷͼ͹ͷ͹Ͷͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͯͪ;͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͪͼͽͻ;΂-
Δͪ΁ͳͷͪͻ;ͼ͵Ͱ̈́ͪͫ͹ͻͪͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͲͪͫͳ͹ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰͳ͊ͬͰͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪͲͪͻͳͫͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͳ͹͵Ͱͪ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒ;
ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͯ͵ͳͶ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺͪͯ;;ͫͳΒͰͪΒ͵;Ͷ;̀ͪ͵-
Γ;΂ͳͶͳͼ;ͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪͼͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ͹ͬͪ͵͹͹ͯͳͭͻͪ͹ ͪͶͳͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪͶͳͯͪΒͰͪΒ͵;ͶͪͼͽͻͪͯͪͶͪ
͹ͯͼͻ΂ͪ͸͹ͭ;ͯͪͻͪ
̺Ͱͼͽ͵͹Β;ͼͷ͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͶͳͫͳͶͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ͸ͪΒ΂ͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͪͫͻ͹Β͵Ͷͳ͵ͼ
ͽͻͳͷ͹ͬͪ Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;͹ ΒͰ ;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ; ͻͰͯͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͺͪ ͼͰ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͱ;ͻ͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶͪ ͳ
͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ΂;ͬͪͻͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ (DVTUPEJBOPGKPVSOBMJTN
t͆Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳͯͪ
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͵͹ΒͰͯ͹͸͹ͼͰͼͶͪͬ; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹͸͹ͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͽͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;Ͱͭ͹͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ͆ͪͷͪ
ͽͻͰͫͪΒ;ͼͬͰi14 ͌ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ;ͷ͹Ε͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͳͶ͹ͫͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸tͶͪͱ͸Ͱ
ͬͰͼͽͳi ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͯͪͫͳ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͳͬͰͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͳͷ͸Ͱͳͯ;; ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͅ;ͯͻͳ̺͹ͶͽͰͻ̈́ͳͺͷͪ͸ ΒͰΒ͹΃
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ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪ͹ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͹ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ ͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͷ ͺͳͽͪΔ;i
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;͵;ͼ;i -JQNBOO ͼͽͻ
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Γ͸ͳΒͳ ͫ;΂͸ͳΒͳͳͯ͹ͺͪͯΓͳͬͳΒͳt͊ͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬͳͷ͹ ͬͳ΃ͰͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͪͱͪ ͹΃͹;-ͫͳͲ͸ͳͼ;ͳͲͪͫͪͬͳ
͇ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͻͳͲͳ͵;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͽͻͪͱͰΒͰͯͪΕͰΓ;ͯͳͭͶͰͯͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͯͰͶͳΕ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹
ͼͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͷͪͶͳͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ΒͰ͏Ͱ͹ͼͬͰͽ͹͵͹͸ͪͼͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ
13
͆ͪ΁ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͰ͠͹ͼͰͿ̻ͰͫͰͶͼͯͪͬ͸͹ΒͰͲͪͺͪͲͳ͹t͈ͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͪ
ͪ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͪi ͬͳ΃Ͱ;Erkenntnis und Propaganda, 1934, ͼͽͻ28–
͑ͽ͹ΒͰͶͪͱͬͰΕͪ ͬͰΕͰͼ;΃ͪ͸ͼͰ
ͯͪ Γ;ͯͳ ; Δ; ͺ͹ͬͰͻ;Β; ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͺͻͳ΂ͳ ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͪ Njuz.net ͯͬ͹Βͳ΁ͪ ͊ͻͫͪ ͅͳͶ͹ͬͪ͸ ͌ͫͳͺͪͻͳͺ ͳ ̽ͻͪͭͪ͸
͊ͽͰͬͳΕ ͽͰ͸͹Εͳͼ;ͼͰͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ;ͭͻͪͯ;t͇͵͹΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ;Β;ͽͻ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼ;ͼͰͺ͹ͺͰͶͳ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΁;ͳ͊ͽͰͬͳΕΒͰͳͲ
΂ͳͼͽͰ͹ͫͰͼͽͳ ͼ͵͹΂ͳ͹ͼͪΔͰ ;ͷ͹ͻͰ ͪͶͳΒͰ;ͯͪͻͳ͹;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͽͬͻͯ͹ͳͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͳ͹΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵͊;ͽͻͪͯͪ͸;Β;ͽͻ͹;
͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪͼ;ͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪͶͳ΃ͽͪͼͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͰͼͳͶ͹– ͯͪΒͰ͊ͽͰͬͳΕͼ͵͹΂ͳ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹͸ͪͪΒ͵;Ͷ;ͳ;ͫͳ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͶͳ΁;
ͷͰͼͽͪi
14
͏ͳͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͷͰΌ;;͵;ͺ͸͹͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ ;ͼͰ͹ͯͪͲͬͪͶͳ͸ͪ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͲ͉ͪ͹ΒͽͰͻͼ͹ͬ;ͳͼͽ;ͯͳΒ;͇͵ͼͿ͹ͻͯ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪͽͰͷ;t͑ͽͪͼͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͼͪ͸ͪ΃ͳͷͬͰͼͽͳͷͪ i
ͺͻͰͷͪCurrah, 2009).

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΁ͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͿͳͶͽͻͳͻͪΒ; ͺͻͰͷͪ ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͳ ͱͰΓͪͷͪ ͼͬͰ ͻͪͲͷͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀
͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵͇ͪͽ;ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃Εͪ ΒͰͻ͹ͫͳ΂ͪ͸΂͹ͬͰ͵Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱͺͻͳͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ
Β;͵͹Βͪͷ;ͺͻͳΒͪ͹ͯ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͸Ͱͻͪͯ;ΒͰ
t͋͹ΒͰͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͪͫͪΒ͵ͪ͹ͻͪͬ͸͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ<>͵͹ΒͪΒͰͶͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋͹ͼͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͭ͹
ͯͳͶ͹ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͰΕͰͯͰͼͳͽͳ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͰͼͳͽͳ͉ͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͪͶͳͼͬͪ
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&EXBSETBOE$SPNXFMM ͼͽͻ

̈́ͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳ;͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͺͻͰͻͪͼͽͪΒ;;͹ͻ;ͱΒͰ ͿͪͲ;ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͵͹Βͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵Ͱ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ΁ͳΓͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͰͺͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͆͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ;ͬͰ͵ΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͶͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ; ͪͶͳͼͰ;ͼͰ͸΁ͳ͸ͪͬ͹
ͯ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪͶͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͶ͹ΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ̹ͻͳͭͪͲͪͬͰͼͽͳ ͪ͸ͰͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰ
ͻͳͼͪͶͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒ;͵͹ΒͪΒͰ΃ͽͳͽͳͶͪΒͪͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͪͶͳΒͰͼͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸Ͱ͹
ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪͼͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͅͰΌ;ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͷͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪt͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͷ͹ͱͯͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͼͬͰ͹
ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͺͳͼ ͪͅΒ͵Ͷͪ ̹;ͭͰΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͪ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ̽ͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͷ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ; ; ̸Β͹ͬͳ
t͇ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͬͳͯͳͼͬͰͽ͹͸ͪ͵ͪͬ͵ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹͸ͪ͵ͪͬ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͫͳͼͽͰͬͳͱͰͶͰͶͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰi ͬͳͯͰͽͳ;
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͊ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸ͪ;
ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͷͳͽ͹ͷ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰͻͳͲͷ; ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪΒͰ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͯͪͼͰ
ͬͰͼͽͯ͹ͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺͶͪΕͪΒ; ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰ ͺͪͱΔͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͪͬͻͼͽͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͷ͹͸ͰͽͰ

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͰͼͽͳͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͺͻͳ
΂Ͱͷ;΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰͱͪ Δ;Ͳͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͪͳͼͬͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͳ
ͻͪͼͽͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;ͳͻͪΔͪͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ͌ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ;͹΂ͪͬͪͷ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;
ͼͷ͹ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͳͼͪͶͳ͸ͪͽͻͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
1. ; ͻͰͯͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͼͰ Ͳͪͺͪͱͪ ͺͪͯ ͺͪͱΔͰ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰͱͪ͸Ͱͼͽͳͱ;ͯͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͽͪ΂͸͹ͼͽ
2. ͼͳ͸ͽͰͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͳ ͫͳͽ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͰͷ ͺͪͱΔͰ ͻͰ΁ͳͺͳΒͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͳ ͷͰΔͪΒ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ ͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳ΃;Εͳͳͼͽͳ͸;ͳͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭΒͰͲͭͻͪͳ
3. ͪͶͭ͹ͻͳͽͷͳͳ͵Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͳ;ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ ͳͼͽ;ͻͪΒ;Εͳ;ͺͻͬͳͺͶͪ͸ͼͰ͸
Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͶͳΒͰ͸ͽͰͶͳͲͪͷ

ͪͅͻ͵̺;ͯ ͳͲͬͻ΃͸ͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ́͋͆-ͪ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷ͉͹ΒͽͰͻͼ͹ͬ͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;

̽͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰͱͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪͶͪΒͰ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;
ͷͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͺͰͽͺͳͽͪΔͪ 8
͵͹ ΃ͽͪ ͭͯͰ ͵ͪͯͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ – ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ
ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͹ͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵;͹͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͯͬͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ͊ͪͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͶͪͱ͸ͳ΀
ͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹ͼͰͻͰͯ;͵;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹W (͵͹ ͭͯͰ ΃ͽͪ
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ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹;ͫͪ΁;ΒͰͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹-ͰͼͽͰͽͼ͵ͳͼͶ͹Β͸ͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͲͪ΂ͪͻͪͬͪͳ;ͼͷͰͻͪ
ͬͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ ͰͶͳͽͪ ͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͼͽͳ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͳ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͼͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳͷ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪΒ; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ
tͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱi
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ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͼ;ͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͿͰͻͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͳͶͳͽͰͷͰΓͰ
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͆ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ ͶͰ͵ Ͳͪ Ͷͪͱ͸Ͱ ͬͰͼͽͳ ΒͰͼͽͰ – ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͬͰ ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳ͵;ͺͰ ͳͲ ͼͬͳ΀ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ͳ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͰ ͏Ͱ͸Ͳ;ͻͪ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ ͪͶͳ ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ
ͽͪ͵ͪͬͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͻͪ΃ͳͻͳ͹ ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ ΒͰͯͪͫͳͭͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͻͰͱͳͷͳͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ
ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͳͶͳ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͉Ͱ΃ͰΔͰΒͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͫͳ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͰΓ;ͯͳͷͪͯͪͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͰͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͳͯͪͶͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪ
΃ͪ͸ͼ;ͯͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͰͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶͰ͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͳͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;
ͱͰΔ;ͷ͹ͻͪͼͰͷͰΔͪͽͳͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ;΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ ΒͰͻͫͳͳ΀ͬͰΕͽ;
ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹;΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;Ͷͪͱ͸ͰͬͰͼͽͳͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;͹͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͺͪͼ͸Ͱ̓ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͻͪͲͷͳ΃
ΓͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͪͬͪΔͰͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΔͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͷͻͰͱͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͳͷͪ ͼͪΒͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͳ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪͯͰ͹ͼ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔ; ͳ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͷ͹ ͫͳΕͰͫ͹ΓͰͲͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͵ͪ͹΁ͰͶͳ͸;
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̹ΒͰͶͳ΁ͪ ͅͳ͠Ͱͬͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̀

́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽ̹ͬͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͅͰͭͪͽͻͰ͸ͯ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ
ͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ
Goebbels, J. (1934). Erkenntnis und Propaganda. 4JHOBMFEFSOFVFO;FJU.VODIFO;FOUSBMWFSMBHEFS
NSDAP.
̿ͪ͵Ͱͽ ̽
͆͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵ͪͰͽͳ͵ͪͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ
͸ͳ͵
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1VCMJD0QJOJPO/FX:PSL The Free Press.
ͅͳͶͪ΃ͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͊ ̓Ͱ΃Ͱͽ͹ͬͳΕ ̿
̓ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̸͈ͪͯ̓

ͅͳͶͰͽͳΕ ͅͳ͆
̓͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͶͰ͵ͼͳ͵͹͸̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͅͰͭͪͽͻͰ͸ͯ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ
͆͹Βͫͪ;Ͱͻ ͎͠
͍ͪͷͪ–́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͭͶͪͼͳ͸̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̓Ͷͳ͹
Ponsonby, A. (1928). 'BMTFIPPEJO8BS5JNF$POUBJOJOHBO"TTPSUNFOUPG-JFT$JSDVMBUFEUISPVHIPVU
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London.
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lishing.
Currah, A. (2009). 8IBUT )BQQFOJOH UP 0VS /FXT. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism,
University of Oxford.
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Cunningham, B. (2006). 3FUIJOLJOH0CKFDUJWJUZ$PMVNCJB+PVSOBMJTN3FWJFX "QSJM̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪ
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SRƄAN ͅMILAŠINOVIƂ
ZORAN B. JEVTOVIƂ

i'",&/&84u"4'"$5034*/$3*4*44*56"5*0/4

SUMMARY
In a society full of risks and permanent crises, the ability to use social networks, wireless technologies
and information has become one of the key preconditions for peace and internal stability of a community.
The authors thematize the spectrum of conflictology changes occurring in the political landscape, noting
how fictional digital news create crisis situations aimed at exerting symbolic influence and spreading moral
panic. 6OEFSUIFHVJTFPGiGSFFEPNPGFYQSFTTJPOu UIFTPDJBMNFEJBTQPXFSJOUIFQMBDFNFOUPGGBLFNFTTBHFT
is concealed, whose readers-per-copy number is the result of the algorithms that rank the value of stories by
using the degree to which the news are spread – the so-called virality of a story. The classical media take over
the imposed narratives, not realizing that in this way they fall into the trap of spin manipulators, whose aim is
the emotional reaction and rapid change in public opinion. Commercialization demonstrates that fake news
are a lot more profitable than the true ones in the context of the number of hits and profits from ads, but that
IT tools cannot dramatically increase their popularity.
A series of turbulent political events, the growing terrorism, the problem of migration, as well as the in-
creasingly visible gap between the rich and the poor, threaten to cause further crises, and thus the new media
develop as increasingly powerful potential of neurotechnological techniques used to control the thinking and
behaviour of citizens. If by using fake news opposition parties or certain security agencies bring out the mass-
es on streets, political leaders win elections or buy political influence, while creators of wars make triggers for
new conflicts, it is clear that the news industry is at a crossroads. Digital security relies on the management
and control of the accuracy of information, and it is possible to prevent new risks through the spread of criti-
cal thinking and content analysis as a strategy of making the citizens media-literate.
,&:803%4 fake news, social networks, crisis, manipulations, public opinion management, conflicts.

316.644-

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1
aleksandra.milenovic1992@gmail.com

ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͶͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͇ͪͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪ΃ͳͻ͹͵ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͻͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͋͹ ΒͰ t͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ͸ ͳ ͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀
ͻͪͲͷͰͻͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͰͽΒ̀ͪͺͪͯͪi ͅͳͷͳ΁ͪͳ̹͹ͭͯͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͶͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ
͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͻͪͼͽ;Εͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹̸͊̽ ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͳͲͻͪͲͳͷͪͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͶͳͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ.
͌ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͼͽͰ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͌ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷ; ͳ
ͽͻͱͳ΃͸͹ͷͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͷ;͈ͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͹ͼͶͪΔͪ͸ͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ͵;͵ͬͪ͸ͽͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β
ͭͰ͸Ͱͽͳ͵ͰͳͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͸ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵;ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ;̽͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͷͪΒ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͲͰͷΓͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳ͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͇͸Ͱͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪΒ;
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹-͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͻͪͯͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͬ͹Β͸͹ͷ͌ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͰͬͻ΃ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͵ͪ͹
ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ;ͽͪͺͪΒ;;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ ͭ;ͫͰΕͳͼͬ͹Β;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ΕͳΒ͹΃͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳ
ΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ ̀ͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪͽͳ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͰͺͳͯͰͷͳΒͪ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͼͬͰͼͿͰͻͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
͈͹ͶͰͯͳ΁ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͪͬͪ-
Ͷ;ͽͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ -FF
ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͳͻͰͿ͹ͻ
ͷͪ΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͪΒ͹΃-ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪ̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪ
Δ;ͬͳͼ͹͵͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰ̹͹Ͷ͹Δͼ͵ͪͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ #JEZVL 5TFHBZ
͌ ΃ͳͻͰͷ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ; ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͳͯͪΒͰͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪ;ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ;ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ ́ͶͳΕ

͉ͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪ;͵Ͱͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͼͬͰͼͿͰͻͰΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ
ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹-ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͼ΁ͳ ͳ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
;ͷ͸͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;ͭͰ͹ͷͰͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͳΒ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͰΔͪΒ;͵ͪ͵͹΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ;΂ͰΔͪͳͼͪͲ͸ͪΔ̺ͪͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰ̀ͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;ͳͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͼͽͼͬͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͺ͹ͯ
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͳͫͻͲ͹ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ
̽ͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͬͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸ΒͰͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳͷͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
͋͹ΒͰ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬ͹ͫͰͲ*$5 ΒͰͻ ͼ; ͫͻͲͳ͸ͪͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽ͵Ͱ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ̀ͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ;
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͰΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͻͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͰͿͳ
͵ͪͼ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔ;*$5ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΒ;
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ *$5;͵ͳͯͪΒ;
ͼͬͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͽͳͷͰ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͼͽͬͪ
ͻͪΔ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ

̸̸̸͉̈́̾̓͊͆̽ ͇̺̿́̈́̾͆́ͣ̀ͅ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ...
͉ͪͯͳ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽͳΒͰͭͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ*$5 ͸Ͱͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͳͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͺ͹ΒͷͪͳͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ*$5ͳ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ *5
͈͹ͯ *5 ͼͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ; ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͶ;ͱͰ Ͳͪ
;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ ΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͹ͫͻͪͯ; ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͊͹ͽͳͻ͹ͬͳΕ

͌ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ *$5ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͺͰ͵ͽBͻͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯ
΀ͪͻͯͬͰͻͪ ͼ͹ͿͽͬͰͻͪ ͷͻͰͱͪ ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ Ͳͪ ͼͪ͵;ͺΓͪΔͰ ͼͷͰ΃ͽͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͳͻͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͶͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͳ
ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͫͳͶ͹ͯͪͼ;͹͸ͰͭͶͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͶͳ͵͹ͬ͸ͰͳͶͳͫͻ͹ΒͰͬ͸Ͱ 7FSIo-
FWFOFUBM ,FSDLBFSUFUBM
̸͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪ*5ͳ*$5ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ;͹΂ͳͽͳͯͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͬͳ΀
͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ͌͹΂Γͳͬ͹ΒͰͳͯͪ*$5;͵Γ;΂;Β;ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ
ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͳ͵Ͱͳͻͪ΂;͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͲͳͬͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪͳͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ
ͽͳ͵Ͱͳͻͪ΂;͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪͷͰΔͪΒ;;*$5
*$5ͳͷͪΒ;΃ͳͻ͹͵;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸;;ͼͬͳͷͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͫͪ͸͵ͪͻ
ͼͽͬ; Ͳͯͻͪͬͼͽͬ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ ̀ͫ͹ͭ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ΃ͳͻ͹͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͳͼ; ͫͰͲ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ͽͬͻͯΔͰ ͯͪ
*$5ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Bader Kott-
TUPSGFS .D(SBUI King, 2004
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͳͷͪΒ;;ͽͰͷͰΓͰΔͰͳ;ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷͪͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ*$5͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͷͻͰͱ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͼ͵ͪ͸ͯͳ͸ͪͬͼ͵ͳͷ
ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ Naslund (BSEFMMJ 4BNVFMTTPO
̸͊̽ "MBNJOFUBM
ͳ̺ͰͶͳ͵͹Β̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳ
Βͳ )BNNPOE
ͪ;΃ͳͻͰͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;ͳ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β ̓ͳ͸ͳ ͪ͠ͺͪ͸; ͉;ͼͳΒͳ ́͸ͯͳΒͳ ͠;ͱ͸͹ͪͿ
ͻͳ΂͵͹Β ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͋;ͻͼ͵͹Β ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ 3BFUBM "DBS +VOFUBM
̹ͰͲ
͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;*$5͸ͪ΃ͶͰ΃ͳͻ͹͵;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸;;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹͸ͰͳͯͪΓͰ͸ͰͷͪΒ;
ͳͼͽͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ; ͼͬͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ͋͹ΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹Ͳͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ*$5 ͬͰΕΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͪͬͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ; ;΂ͰΔͪ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;*$5Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;ͳ΀͌͆
; ͅͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͼ͵͹Β ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͵Γ;΂͸͹ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ Ͳͪ ͯ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰ ΁ͳΓͰͬͪ ; ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;
ͼͷͪΔͰΔͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͭͶͪͯͳͳͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳ ,BSBNUJ 6ZBOHB ). *$5ͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͳͳͲͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ΒͰͼͬͰͬͰΕͪͺ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͪͲͪΔͳͷͪ ͺͪͼ;ͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪ
;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹;*$5͊ͬͰ ΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱͳͺ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͰͲͪ*5ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳͷͪ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ
Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͇ͬͯͰ ͼͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼ Ͳͪͽ͹
΃ͽ͹ ͼ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ *5 ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃; ͻ͹ͫ͹ͽͰ ͵͹Βͳ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͲͪͷͰΔ;Β;
΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͼͷͪΔͰΔͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ;ͼ;΃
ͽͳ͸ͳͫ͹Ͷ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͬͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲ
ͬ͹Β;ͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ
̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ ͹ͬͰͲͰͷΓͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͳΕͳ;͵͹ͻͪ͵ͼͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͬͰͽ͹ͷͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͳ
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ*$5̽ͪͫͳ*$5ͳͷͪͶͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͳͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͲͪͲͰͷΓͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ
͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͹͸ͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳͯͰ͹ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ
͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ̽ͪͫͳͼͰͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪͼ;ͬͰΕͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ;*$5
̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ ; *$5 ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ; ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͇͸Ͱ ͻͪͯͳ

͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪͶͳͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͳͺͻͳͷͰ͸;
*$5;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ
͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ*$5 ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬP͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ ͼ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͹ͫ;͵͹ͷ ͼͬͳ΀ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸; *$5 ͇ͫ;͵ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰ͸; *$5 ΒͰ ͹ͯ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;΂ͰΔͪ ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ̹ͻͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͳͼͪͻ
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͭͻͪͯͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
Γ;ͯͳ͌ͽ͹ͷͰͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳͷͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ*$5ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͬͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͊ͬͰͽ͹;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸;*$5 ΃ͽ͹͵ͪ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͼͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͈ͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼ;*$5ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͼͪͯͪͫͳͶͳ΂Ͱͼͽͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪΔͪ͌͹΂Γͳͬ͹ΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͪͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸ͳͺͻͰͬͳ΃ͰͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͋͹ͼͰ
͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͰͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;
͇̾͋̽ͅ
͏ͳΓ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;Β; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ;΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ͹
Ͳ͸ͪ΂Β;*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͼͰͺ͹΃Ͷ͹͹ͯ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ
ͯͪ*$5Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͯͪΕͰ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͫͳͽͳͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͪͼ;;ͽ͹ͷͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸ͳͳͯͪ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΂;ͺ͹Ͷ ;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ;ͼͺͰ΀;ͽ͹͵;ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͺͳͼͪͶͳ
͈ͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ΒͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵̓͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͪͳ͵͹ͷ
ͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͰͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵Ͱͼ;ͪ͸͵ͰͽͳͻͪΔͰͳͼ͵ͪͶͳͻͪΔͰ͊ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻͳͷͰ
͸͹ͷ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͊͵ͪͶͪ*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͊͵ͪͶͰͻ– ́̓͋-
͈̻͌
͊͵ͪͶͰͻΒͰ̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͽͳͺͪ͊ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͪΒͽͰͷͪͼͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͶ͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪ
ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪ͸Ͳͪ͹ͬ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ͆ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͪͬͪ͸Ͱͼ;
ͷͰͽͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱͼ͵ͪͶͰͻͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͇̓ͅͳ̹ͪͻͽͶͰͽ͹ͬͽͰͼͽͼͿͰͻͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
KMO
ʗí
̹ͪͻͽͶͰͽ͹ͬͽͰͼͽͼͿͰͻͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ df
p 0,000

͇̓ͅͽͰͼͽΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͇̓ͅ
̹ͪͻͽͶͰͽ͹ͬͽͰͼͽͼͿͰͻͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͯ͹ͼ
ͽͳͭͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;p Q
ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
͉ͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͷͪͽͻͳ΁Ͱͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ̀ͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͰ͸ΒͰͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ
͋͹ͼͽͰ͸͹ͬ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͬͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͳͷͪΒ;Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͰͳͶͳͬͰΕͰ͹ͯ ͳ͵ͻͰΕ;ͼͰ͹ͯI ͵͹ͯͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͪΒͽͰͷͪ ͯ͹I ͵͹ͯͽͻͰΕͰͭ ͪΒͽͰͷͪ
ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
͈͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͪΒͰͳ̓ͻ͹͸ͫͪ΀͹ͬͳͷͪͶͿͪ-͵͹ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͽ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Ε;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ D

́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ΒͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ; ͷͪΒ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͹ͯ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͪ ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸;ͳ͈Ͱͯͪͭ͹΃͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;̺ͻͪΔ;͊ͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪΒͰ
ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷ;B

38
ͷ;΃͵͹ͭ ͳ ͫ

ͱͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ;ͺͳͼͪ͸͹Β ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ͪ

͸ͪ ͺͻͬ͹Β ͫ

͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Β ͬ

͸ͪͽͻͰΕ͹Βͳͭ

͸ͪ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ͹Β
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪ;ͼͺͰ΀;;ͽ͹͵;ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳ– 38
ͫ

ͬ
ͳͭ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳ–

ͺͻͰͷͪ;ͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͷͿͪ͵;Ͷ
ͽͰͽ; ͪ
͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ; ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸;
ͳ ͫ
͈Ͱͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ; ̺ͻͪΔ;

ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳ ͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͰ͸ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ ͼ;ͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵͹ͷ ̓ͻ͹ͫͪ΀͹
ͬͳͷͪͶͿͪ-͵͹ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͽ͹ͷ D
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͼͪVarimax ͻ͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͪͅ͸–̺ͳͽ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͷ
͌-ͽͰͼͽ͹ͷͳΒͰͯ͸͹Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ "/07"
͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳͼ;ͽͪͫͰͶͪͷͪͳͯͳΒͪͭͻͪͷͳͷͪ
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͸Ͱ͸ͽͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͼVarimax ͻ͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ

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͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ
11,712 11,712
2. 1,731
3. 1,478 33,107
4. 1,386 9,242 42,349
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ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͻͰ͸͹ͷ ͬͰΕͳͷ ͹ͯ ͵͹ΒͰ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ; ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ
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̽ͳΒͪͭͻͪͷ ́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;
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Ͷ͹ͷ͸ͪ͵͹͸΃ͰͼͽͰ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͺͰͽͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͳͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͷͪ
̻;ͽͷͪ͸–̓ͪΒͲͰͻ͹ͬ͹ͷ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ;
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͉͹ͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͷͪͽͻͳ΁ͪͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͺͻͰͷͪ
Varimax ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ;ͼ͵͹ͷ;͸ͪͶͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ I
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h
1 2 3 4
a14
a13
a7 0,340 0,466
a9
a8 0,384
a10
a1 0,481 0,640
a4 0,490
B 0,416 0,619
a6 0,393 0,401
a2 0,377
a11 0,723
a12 0,429
a3 0,823 0,701
B 0,374 0,489

̈́ͰͭͰ͸ͯͪ ͼͺͳͼͪ͵ͪΒͽͰͷͪ

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̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͫͰͲͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͸͹Ϳͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
ͪ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͪ ͆Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ͻͰͷͰͽͳͶͪ΂͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
ͪ ̹ͻͲͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͹ͯ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ
ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
͈ͪͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸͹ͫͳͽͰ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹
Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ
ͪ ͈ͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ΒͰ ͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬ͹ ͫͰͲ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-
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ͪ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΂;ͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͪͫͪ΃ͼͬͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;
ͪͅ͸͹ͭͳΓ;ͯͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵;ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͺͪͼͪͼͬͳͷͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼ
Ͷ͹ͬͰ
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ͼͽͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
͇ͪͯ;ͬͰ͵ͼ; ͼͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ͹ͫͪͬΓͪͶͳͫͻͱͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹-͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪ
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΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ ΒͰ ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ ͺͰͽ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ
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͈ͻͬ;͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ;͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;ͽͻͳͪΒͽͰͷͪ
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ͼͽͳ͹ͯΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ;ͽ͹͵;ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ.
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ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ.
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͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ͸ΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͬͪΒͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΒͰͯ͹
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; ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪ ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳͷ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷ Ͷͳͼͽͪͷͪ "MFYJTFUBM ,BMBGTLZ 3PTLP )ZUUFO
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̽ͪͶͳΒͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͷ͹͸͹
Ͷͳͽ͸ͪͳͶͳͳͷͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ ͳ
͌͵͹ͷͺͻͪͬ΁;ͬ͹ͯͳͼͬͰ;ͫͻͲͪ͸ͳΒͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪͺͳͽͪΔͪΒ͹΃ͯ;ͭ͹ΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
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ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷ ͸ͪͯ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ ͳͺͪ͵ t͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;ΒͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͸ͪ
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ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵;Εͪ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;ͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͷͪΒ;*$5̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰͳͳͼͽͳ΂ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
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΁ͳΒͰ͇͸Ͱ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͬͳͼ͹͵ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ;
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ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ͵Ͱͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱi ͣ;Ͳ͹ͬͳΕ ͊͹͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͅͶͪͯͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͼ;*$5;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;
͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ; ͼͬͳͷ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͌
ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͵͹ΒͰͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ͼͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ *$5ͼ;͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹
͹ͯͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ
͉ͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β; ͳ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͆ͪΒͺͻͰͼ;͸ͪ͊͵ͪͶͰͻ;́̓͋-͈̻͌ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ͵͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ́Ͳͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
*$5 Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ*$5;ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͪ΃ͽͬ; ͪͶͳͳ;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪ͹ͬͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ΒͰͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͪͺͻͬͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͪͶͳ;
ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͪͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺ͹΃Ͷ͹;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͯͪ*$5Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹
ͼͰ;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͬͰͽ͹;ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͳͼͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͷͰ
͸;ͽͳͷͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ;ͻͪͯ;
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷΒͰ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ͳͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;*$5;
;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͰ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͪ͹͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͰ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷͪ ;ͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪ;ͽ͹͵;
ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;͊ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼ;ͼͰͼ*$5ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪͶͳ;ͽ͹͵;ͺͻͰͽ
΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͳ ͼͻͰͯΔͳͷ ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ ͆ͪ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͳͷͪ ͼ; ͳͲ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪͶͳͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳ*$5́Ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹
Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼ; ͼͽͰ͵Ͷͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΔͰ͸ͳͷ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ; ;
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;̀ͪͽ͹ͼ;ͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
;΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬͳ
͇ͬͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷͼͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪͫͳͶͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ
͸ͳ΁͇ͪͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͰͻͪͲΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸͹ͭ ͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͼ;ͳͷ͸͹ͭͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͪΕͰ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͫͳͽͳ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰͫ;ͯ;Εͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͷͪͺͻͰͺ͹
ͻ;΂;ΒͰͯͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΒ;͹ͬͪΒΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ̽ͪͲͪͽͳͷͳͷͪͺ͹ͽ
ͻͰͫͰͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͳ͹ͬ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͫͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ*$5;;ͫͻͲͪΔ;ͺͻ͹
΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ;ͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰ;ͼͺͰͶ͹ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪΕͰͬͻͰͷͰͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ


̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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SUMMARY
After the industrial revolution as a process of modernization, no other social-historical phenomenon
has caused such consequences and ideological-theoretical controversies as globalization or mondialization.
It refers to a wide spectrum of economic, political and cultural tendencies in the contemporary world. It is an
objective and a spontaneous process of planetary dimensions, i.e. a project of domination of the USA i.e. the
West. In everyday speech, globalization or mondialization refers to different phenomenon, such as a grow-
ing domination of the West, particularly the USA, in the economic and cultural affairs, which is expressed as
XFTUFSOJ[BUJPOor "NFSJDBOJ[BUJPO.
Globalization has made an impact on all spheres of civil and cultural activities of a man. Consequences
PGHMPCBMJ[BUJPOBSFOVNFSPVT liberal economy, liberal market, unique currency, domination of the English
language. Development of science and spreading of technology is of great importance for all spheres of hu-
man activities. Numerous scientific and technological processes which are multiplied in modern society are
multiplied by geometric progression and during the last decades have changed both man`s environment
and his ways of learning. Big world companies request completion of tasks on time. They also request preci-
sion of all economic and financial courses. It all implies a quick reaction to the market requirements. In
order to fulfil these tasks, it is necessary to have a constant approach to necessary information. It is unthink-
able to do so without information and communications technologies (ICT) in the period of globalization, as
speed and timeliness are key characteristics of modern information systems. For the efficient functioning of
society in a period of globalization, it is of particular importance to process data quickly, which is important
for efficient activity in all spheres of society and particularly in economy management. ICT increase eco-
nomic efficiency and contribute to the creation of business possibilities. Apart from it, ICT abolish all social
barriers in regard to the access of information, thus contributing to the possibility of geographic decentrali-
zation.
*$5IBWFBXJEFBQQMJDBUJPOJOBMMUIFBDUJWJUJFTPGNPEFSOTPDJFUZFDPOPNZ CBOLJOH IFBMUIDBSF FEu-
cation, politics and so on. Due to their wide application and great significance in the development of modern
society and global communications, the assertions that ICT present one of the most important factors in the
accelerating of globalization process are not without foundations. These beliefs also have foundations in
results of studies on ICT impact on development of economy network and informatics society in the most
developed countries in the world, first of all in Scandinavian countries and Great Britain, in a wider sense
also Germany, China, Japan, Russia, India, Republic of South Africa, Turkey and other countries. Regardless
of the fact that ICT have found wide application in the period of globalization, they still do not have the same
impact in all countries in the world. It is easy to understand why, because it is not enough to simply intro-
duce ICT in order to achieve western standards, for a change of whole systems of functioning of particular
societies and their adaptation to the system of learning in the global society is necessary.
ICT have started new possibilities of management in the period of globalization. After having analyzed
results of some studies, it can be concluded that ICT have five-fold importance in globalization period. They
FOBCMF
BDDFTTUPMBSHFSOVNCFSPGQJFDFTPGJOGPSNBtion, 2) introduction of high technologies into man-

BHFNFOU
SFBMJ[JOHDPODVSSFODFBEWBOUBHF
DSFBUJOHPGOFXXBZTPGNBOBHFNFOUBOE
DSFBUJOHQPTTi-
bilities for further development of innovations. Globalization period is time of advanced technologies and
changes which equally influence both transformation of economy and other spheres of civil-cultural life and
activity of people and society as a whole.
It can be concluded that ICT also give significant contribution to the accelerating of the process of
globalization. Results of numerous researches which studied ICT impact in the period of globalization point
to this fact. With the development of ICT there is a rapprochement of traditional ways of management on
one side and informatics on the other one. On the basis of the analysis presented, it can be concluded that
ICT during last 20 years have fundamentally changed the way of society functioning in all spheres of human
activities. In modern society which is developing simultaneously with development of science and technolo-
gy, ICT are undoubtedly of a crucial significance.
Results of the research on the importance of information communication technologies in the accelerat-
ed process of globalization are presented in the paper. In our research, we have started from the general
assumption that the information communication technologies (ICT) significantly contribute to the acceler-
ated process of globalization as well as specific assumptions that the components, which according to the
students evaluation point to the importance of information communication technologies in the accelerated
process of globalization will be separated, and that their estimations would be in tune, regardless of their sex,
year of study or success during the studies and the faculty enrolled. In order to confirm such assumptions, a
research on a sample of students from the Teacher Training Faculties in Prizren and Vranje was conducted
in May, 2017 whose results are presented in this paper.
The data was collected by Scalar, IKT- IPG (D
, and were processed by factor analysis, Man
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communication.

821.111(680).09-̓;΁ͳͦͅ
̸̾̈́̾͆̀́̈́́ͣ͠ͅ 1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͆ͳ΃;
̽̾
̸̸͇͉͉̓͆͊͋͌́͊̾̽́͊̓͌͊͢
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸͉͇͍͇́̾͌͆͌ͦ̓͌͠ͅͅ͏̸́͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌ͻͪͯ;ͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͻ͹ͷͪ͸͍ͪ͹ ͦ̓ͅ;΁ͳΒͪͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͷ͹ͱͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͷ͹Ε͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ
ͷ͹ΕͳͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃Ͱ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵͹ͷ
͠ͰͲͳ΂͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͫͳͽͪ͸ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳ ͼͰ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ̾͊ͪͳͯͪ ͍͍ͪ͸͹͸ͪ ̸̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒͪ ͳ
͍;͵͹͹ͬ͹ͭ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͪ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ̸͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͪ ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͳ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ ; ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͷ
ͻ͹ͷͪ͸;͍͹ ͽͰͱͳͷ͹ͯͪ;͵ͪͱͰͷ͹͸ͪͽͳͺ͹ͬͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ̺ͪ͹ͯͰΕͳ
ͼͰ ̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒͰͬͳͷ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͷ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷͳ͵ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ
͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳͷͪͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͭ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ
͌ͻͪͯ;ͼͰͫͪͬͳͷ͹ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷ͵͹Βͳͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͻ;ͺͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ
͵͹Βͳ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͲͪͽͳͷͻͰͺͻͰͼͳΒ͹ͷ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
;͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͯͷͪͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸ͰͽͰͱΔͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼ͵ͻͰΕͰͷ͹ͺͪͱΔ;ͳ͸ͪͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸;ͳͯͰΒ;͹ͼͰͺͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͳͺ͹ͳͲͫ͹ͻ;;̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͷͻ͹ͷͪ͸;
͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͲͪͷ͵͹Βͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷͳ͵ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ
̸̸͉͉͇͇͇̽́͊̓͌͊̓͌̈́͋͌̾́̓̈́͆́̈́͆ͣ͠ͅ
͌ ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͳ ͈͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͅͳ΃ͰͶ ͍;͵͹ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͹ͯ ͽͰͲͰ ͯͪ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;
Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪͳͯͪͼͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒͪ ;ͳͼͽͳͷͪ΀͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ͼͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ΒͰ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;ΒͰͳͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰΓ;ΒͰ
ͳͽ͹ͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷͪ΂ͳΒͪΒͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͯͪ;͵ͻ͹ͽͰͷ͹Εͳͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͯͪ͹ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΔͰͭ͹
ͬͳͷ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͳͬͳͷͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪi (Fuko, 2007, ͼͽͻ
̓ͪ͵͹ͼͬͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͸ͳͼ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ΂͸Ͱi ͬͰΕͼ;͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͹ͯΔͳ΀ ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͫͻͪΔͰ͸Ͱi 'VLP 007, ͼͽͻ

ͅͳ΃ͰͶ͍;͵͹ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͽͻͳͽͳͺͪͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͲͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͺͻͬ;͸ͪͲͳͬͪtͽͪͫ;͹ͷͺͻͰͯ
ͷͰͽͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪi ͳ ͹͸ͪ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁; ͯͪ ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͯͪ ͵ͪͱͰͷ͹ ͼͬͰ ͯͻ;ͭͪ ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪͲͳͬ
1
jelenamilic018@gmail. com

tͻͳͽ;ͪͶ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪiͳ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͫͳͻͪͷ͹͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪͽͻͰΕ;Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸;͸ͪͲͳͬͪtͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͳͶͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͳͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪ
͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͳ͹͸ͪ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ
͸ͳͷ ͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪ ͳ ͯͪ ͼͬͪ΂ͳΒͪ ͻͰ΂ ͸ͳΒͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸ͪ ͺͪͱΔͰ 'VLP ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ;
ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼtͬͰ͹ͷͪͫͻͲ͹͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͼͪͱͰΓ͹ͷͳͷ͹Εͳi 'VLP ͼͽͻ
͢ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͷͪͱͰ΂ͳͽͪͬͼͳͼͽͰͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͳͳ΀͸ͪͷͰΕͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͳtͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͼͳͶͪ͸ ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ
΂ͪ͵ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͳͶͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸i 'VLP ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͽͳ΂;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;
͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸͹ͼͽ͍;͵͹͹ͬ͹ͭͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ;;ͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ͹ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;ͯͳͼ
͵;ͻͼͪ
t>. . .@ ͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͯ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼΒͰͼͽͰ;ͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ
͸ͪͳͶͳ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͷͳͻ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͵͹ͷͰΒͰͫͰͲͼ;ͷΔͰͼ;ΌͰ͸͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ
ͳͲͫͻͳͼͪ͸͹ ͪͶͳͺͻͰͷͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͪΒͪΔ;͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱ͸ͰͷͳͻͯͪͼͰͳͼͺ͹ͯ͹ͬͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
>. . .@ ͸Ͱ͹ͼͰͽͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬͰͷ͹Εͳͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;ͷΔͳͬͳ͸Ͱͷͳͻͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͶ;ͽͰͫ͹ͻͫͰ ͺ͹ͫͰͯͰ
͹ͲͶͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪ;Ͳͽͪ͵͹ͺ;͸͹ͻͰ΂ͳ ΂ͳΒͪͼͰͭͻ;ͫ͹ͼͽ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͯ;ͭ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ
;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳͲͭͶͪ΂ͪͶͪi 'VLP ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;͍;͵͹͹ͬͳ΀ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ͹ͷ͹Εͳͳͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ 2 ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͳ
͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ;͹΂ͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪͺ;͵Ͷͳ͸ͰͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͰ;͵Γ;΂;Β;;ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͲͪΔͰ͸͹ͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͰ͈͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͺͻͰͳͼͺͳ
ͽ;Β; ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͼ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹
ΔͰ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ Ͳͫ͹ͭͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͳ͵ͪͱ;ͳͲͰͬͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͵ͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ͌͹΂Ͱ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ Ͱͽ͸͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͵ͪͳͻͪͼͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͳͲͬͪ͸ ͹͵ͬͳͻͪ ͵͹ΒͰ
͸ͪͷͰΕͰΔͰ͸ͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͰͱͳͯͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͵ͪ͹ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ̹͹Βͪ͸ͳΕͣͳͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
200).
̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒͰͬ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷͳ͵ "QBEVSBK ͼͽͻ
ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͵͹Βͪͺ;ͽͰͷͳͶ;ͲͳΒͪͳ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ ͽͰͱͳͯͪ͸ͪͷͰ
ͽ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸͵ͪ͹ͳͼͺͻͪͬͪ͸
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼ;ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͪͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͪ ͼͬͪ
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͼͬͰ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ͯͰ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͇ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔ; ͺͻͳͺͳͼͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ
2
̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕ;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͹͸ΒͰͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ΃ͽͰͲͪͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͯͳͼ͵;-
ͼͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰΔͳͷͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹̓ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪ͹΁ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ΂;͸ͪͻͪ΂;͸ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ;ͺ;Ε;Β;͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸͹ͼ;ͭͰͻͳͼͪΔͰͯͪͼ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͳ΃΂ͰͲͶͳ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͸ͪ Ͳͪ͸ͰͷͪͻͳͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ
ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪͲͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͫͳͽ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹-
͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͷ ͯͳͶͰͷͪͷͪ ̺ͪͶͰͻͳ̓Ͱ͸Ͱͯͳͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͯͪ ͼͰͺ͹Βͪͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͳ-
΀ͬͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͷͰͲͪͺ͹ΓͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪi ͵͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ ͫͪͬΓͰΔͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹΃Ε;ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͬͪͻͳΒͰͽͰͽͳͷͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀
͹͵ͬͳͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͬͰͲͪͷͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽͳi ,FOFEJ ͼͽͻ

̓ͪ͵͹ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ ;ͺ;ΕͳͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ͸ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͳͻͪͶ͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪ-
ͽͪΔͰͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹Βͷͪ͵͹Βͳͫͳ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼͬͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͯͪͼͰ͹ͬͪΒͺ͹Βͪͷ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͱͰͶͰ ͯͪ ;ͺ;ͽͰ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰ ͬͻͼͽͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͸ͪͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭ
ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͷ͹Εͳͳ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ͸ͪͯͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͷ

̸̾̈́̾͆̀́̈́́ͣ͠ͅ ̽Ͱ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰΔͰ͸ͺͻͪͬͳ΁ͳΓ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ

̾ͯͬͪͻͯ͊ͪͳͯ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͲ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒ;ͳͶ;ͲͳΒͰͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Ε͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ͊ͽ͹ͷ͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷ ;͵Δͳͭͪͷ͇ͪͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪͷͳ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳ
Ͳͪͷ͊ͪͳͯ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯ͸ͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͰ͵͹Β; ΒͰtͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͪ ͯͪͫͳ
ͺͪͻͳͻͪͶͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͳͲͳΒͰi̽ͳͼ͵;ͻͼͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ͊ͪͳͯ ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰtͯͪ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͳͲͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͻͰͪͶ͸͹΃Ε;͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͲͪͷ͹Εi 4BJE ͼͽͻ–320).
͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪtͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹ͶͳͲ;ΒͰ΂ͳͽͪͬͼͳͼͽͰͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
ΓͪΔͪi 4BJE ͼͽͻ
ͼͳͶͰͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ;͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͺ;ͽͰͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ
͵͹Βͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ͊ͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͵͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
͹ͬͶͪͯͪͶͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹΃Ε; ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͺ͹͵ͻͰΕ;ͷ͹Ε͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͳͯͰΒͰͯͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰtͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;ͳ ͺͻͰ͵ͶͳΔ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͺ͹͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳi (Said,
ͼͽͻ

̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͷ͹Εͳ ͊ͪͳͯ
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͯͪtΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͳͼͽͪͫͳͶͪ͸ ͸Ͱͭ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪ͸ ͪ
ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸i 4BJE ͼͽͻ
͌ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͲ͸ͪΔͰͷ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͼF;ͽͰͱΔͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ
ͯͪͼͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͵ͪ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͫͰͲͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͵͹Β͹Β ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪ ͸͹ͬͪ

͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ
̽ͰͶ͹̾ͯͬͪͻͯͪ͊ͪͳͯͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͪͱͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Βͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ; ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ΔͰ͸͹ͷͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
͉ͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;Εͳͼͬ͹Β;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;ͷͳͼͪ͹͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͳͲ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͪͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ΀ͳͫ
ͻͳͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͷͳͷͳ͵ͻͳΒͪ ͽͻͰΕͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼͽͪΔͰ ͎͹ͷͳ̹ͪͫͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͼͳͽ;
ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪ͵ͪtͶͳ΂͸͹ΒͳͶͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹Βͺͼͳ΀ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪͳͶͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ >. . .@ ͸Ͱͭ͹͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸Ͱi -VCVSJǀ$WJKBOPWJǀ
ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͰͷͪͽͪ΂͸͹ͷͲͪͺͪͱͪΔ;̸ͻͳΒͪ͸Ͱ̈́;ͫ;ͻͳΕ͏ͬͳΒͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ t̹ͪͫͳ͸͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ;͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͽͻͪͯͳ͵ͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͷͳ͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸͹ͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂ͳ͊ͪͳͯ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ; ͽ͹ͭ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹
;Ε;ͽ͵;ΒͰ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪͯ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͬͶͪͯͪi ΃ͽ͹;͹΂ͪͬͪͷ͹;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͶ͹ͱͰ
͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹͊ͪͳͯ͹ͬ -VCVSJǀ$WJKBOPWJǀ ͼͽͻ7).
͉ͪͲ͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͻͪͼ͸ͳ΀ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ ;͵ͪͲͪ͸͹ ΒͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͳ
ͷͰ͸; ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͬͪ͵ͪ ͹ͯ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ;͸;ͽͪͻ ΔͰ ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͼ;͈ͯ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ;ͺͻͪͬ
Γͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͻͪͯ;̽ͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͦ͹ͻΘ͉ͳ΁Ͱͻͳ̸ͯͪͷ̹ͪͻ
͸ͪͻͯ ͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ; ͼͰ͸ͪ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͼ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
̓ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰͼͰtͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ;͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪi Ͳͪͽͳͷ tͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΔͰ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰi tͼͬͰ ͬͰΕͰ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͰ ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪi ͵ͪ͹ ͳ tͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀

ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺ͹ͯͻͱͰͳͬ͹ͯͰ͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱi ͲͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳΓ;ͯͰͼͬͳ΀ͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ
3JDFS#BSOBSE ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ tͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͳͼͽ͹)
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;;
ͳͻ͹͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷͷ͹ͯ;ͼ; ;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪͺͻͪ͵ͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ͵ͻͰΕͰ͹ͯͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪ͸Ͱ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
ͯ͹΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͰͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͵͹Βͳͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓ;Β;͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵

͉͹ͷͪ͸ ͍͹ ͦ ͅ ̓;΁ͳΒͪ ͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵͹ͷ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͽͳͺ͹ͬͰ
ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ 3.
͈ͻͰͷͪͽͪ΂͸͹ͷͲͪͺͪͱͪΔ;̈́Ͱ͸Ͱ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ;̓;΁ͳΒͰͬͳͷͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͷͪͼͰͷ͹ͭ;;͹΂ͳͽͳͽͻͳͰͭͲͳͼ
ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͷ͹ͯ;ͼ͈ͪͻͬ͹ͷͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͽͳͺͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͪ͵ͪ͹tͳͲͬͻ΃ͳ͹΁;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͵͹ͷͰ ͼ; ͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ ͳ ͷ͹Εi ͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ Δͳͷͪ ͼ; ͹͸ͳ t͸ͪͯ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ
͸ͪͼͳΓͰͬͻ΃ͳ;ͳͷͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͽͶͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͼͪi ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͯͬͪ
ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪtͫͰͶ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͳͽͰͱͰͯͪͳͲͪΌ;ͳͲͽͪͷ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͻͪͼ͸͹ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͬͰͼͽͳi 1FUSPWJǀ ͼͽͻ

̓;΁ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;Ͳͫ͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸Ͱͯͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳͲͼͰͫͰ
ͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱ;ͶͪͲͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻͰΔͰ͸ͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͢Ͱ͸͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͲ͸ͰͬͰͻͪͬͪͼͬͰ
΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͰ ͌ ΔͰͷ; ΒͰ ;͹΂Ͱ͸ͪ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͷ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔ; ͳͯͰ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͺ͹ͯ ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͇΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ ΀;ͷͪ͸͹ͭ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ΒͰͼͽͰ;͵ͳͯͪΔͰͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͪͷ;ͬͳͯ;Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭ Ͱͭ͹
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͷͪͽ͹ͶͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͯ͹͵ͼͰͳͲͪͼͬͳ΀ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ͵ͻͳΒͰͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪͯ΃ͽ͹ͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹
ΒͰͷΓ;ͯͳ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;
ͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͇͸ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͺͰͼͬͳ
͹͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͫͳΕͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ̽͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͰͽͳ͵Ͱͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔ;͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͶͳ͵ͪ ͹͸͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹͵ͪ͹͸ͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹̾͵ͼ͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸ͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͭ;΃ͳͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰ ͳ͸ͼͽͳ͸͵ͽͳͬ͸͹
ͳͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͳͲͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͸Ͱͯ͹͵;΂ͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͺ͹ͯͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷͯͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͹͸Ͱ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͰͭ͹ͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;

̓;΁ͳΒͰͬͻ͹ͷͪ͸͍͹ ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸ΒͰ;Ͱͺͳͼͽ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ̸ͯͻͰͼͪͽ͍͹ͳͷͪ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͻͰͯͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͺͻͳ
΂Ͱ͵͹Β;ͪͯͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͊;Ͳͪ͸̹ͪͻͽ͹͸ͱͰͶͳͯͪͳͼͺͻͳ΂ͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͺͻͳ΂Ͱ͸Ͱͳͼͺͻͳ΂ͪ͸ͪ
ͫͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͯ͹ͷ͹ͻ͹΁͈ͪͰͽ͵ͪ͌͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͷ͸ͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ ͸ͪ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳͷͪ ͳ ͸Ͱͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͭ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸
3
̈́Ͱ͸ͪ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͭ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪ ͼͪ ͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͯͰͶ͹ͷ ̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶͪ ̽ͰͿ͹ͪ ͈͹ͻͰͯ
ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸ͰͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͼͻ͹ͷͪ͸Ͱͼ͵͸ͳͷͲͪͺͶͰͽ͹ͷ̽ͰͿ͹͹ͬ͹ͭͯͰͶ͉ͪ͹ͫͳ͸ͼ͹͸̓ͻ;ͼ͹ ̓;΁ͳ;ͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ͵͹ͬͰ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͪ
ͳ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͳͪ͵͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪ ͳͷͰ $SVTP ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ $SVTPF
̸;ͽ͹ͻ͵ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͬͪͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒ;̽ͰͿ͹͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͺͻͰͲͳͷͰ͸ͪ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵;ͪͶ;ͲͳΒ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸;ͽͳͷͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵͹ͷ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͰ͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͪͱͰGPF ͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͶͪͼͳͶ͹ͳͳͷͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ̽ͰͿ͹ͪͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͷ;ΒͰ
ͯ͹ͯͪ͹Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹ͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͯͰ ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹̽ͰͿ͹ 1FUSPWJǀ ͼͽͻ

̸̾̈́̾͆̀́̈́́ͣ͠ͅ ̽Ͱ
ͽͰͷͪͽͳͲ;ΒͰͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ+ͰͲͳ͵ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͵͹Βͳ
ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͻ;ͺͳ͉͹ͷͪ͸Ͱͼ͵͸ͪͺͻͳ΂ͪͲͪͽͳͷͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃ͰͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͰ͵͹Βͳ;ͽͳ΂;
͸ͪͻͰͺͻͰͼͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ ;͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͯͷͪͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸Ͱ ͽͰͱΔͰ͵ͪ
͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͈͉͇̺͇͉͇͇̺̹͇͉̹͈͉́̾́̈́́̀̓͆͐́͆̿́͋̓͌͊̀́̾́͌͠͠ͅͅͅ
͌̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͷͻ͹ͷͪ͸;͍͹ ͼͬͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;ͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͳͼ;;ΔͰ͸;΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒ;
ͷ͹Εͳ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ͵͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹Βͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͼͬ͹Β;ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸;ͬ͹Γ;͸ͪͪͿͻͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͽͶ;͇͸ͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔ͈ͪͬͪͰͽ͵ͪͼͰͫͳͳ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͷ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͼͶ;ͭͰ
͹ͺ΀͹ͯͰΕͳͼͰͺͻͰͷͪΔͰͷ;;
ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͷͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳͷ͈ͪͰͽ͵͹ͬ;͸Ͱͷ;΃ͽ͹ͼͽͼͷͪͽͻͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͸͹ͷ
͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹΃Ε; ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹;͵Ͷͪͺͪ;ͫͰͲͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͶ;ͭͰ̽͹͵ΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͺͰͼͷ;ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳ͵ͪ͹
͸ͰΒͪͼ͸; ͫ;͵; ͳͶͳ ͵ͻͳ΂ͪΔͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͷ ͈Ͱͽ͵; ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ ͺͻͳͺͳͼ;ΒͰ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ ͫͰͲ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ΂ͳΒͪ ΒͰ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͯͪͼͶ;ͱͳΔͰ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͼͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ
Δͳͷͪ
͊ͪ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳͲͪͳͯͰΒͰ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͯͳͬΓͪ͵ͪ ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͼͺͻ͹
ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͻ͹ͻ͸͈ͪͯͰͽ͵͹ͬͳͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ͋ͰͻͰͽͲ͸ͪΔͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ
;΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ΒͰͯͪtͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͼ;͹͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͽͳ΂;ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͳ͸ͿͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ;;ͼ͵͹
ͭͻ;ͯͪͳͫͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪi 4BJE ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͰͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͷ
;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͰ ͼ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͶ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͿͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͫ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͭ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ; ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ
̓ͻ;ͼ͹;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵;Ͷͽͬ͹ΌͰͳͲͪ;Ͳͳͷͪ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͪͬͺͻͰͷ͈ͪͰͽ͵͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ
͸͹ͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ;͇͸ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͪ͹͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷͬ͹͵ͪͫ;ͶͪͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵͹Βͳͷ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͯͪͼͰ;͵Ͷ͹ͺͳ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻ͈ͪͻͳͷͰΔ;Β;
ΕͳtͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷ;͸Ͱ;ͬͪͱͰ͸ͰͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͯ;΃͸͹ͼͽͳi 4BJE ͼͽͻ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻ-ͯ͹ͫͻ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͽͰΓ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͬͪ͊ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͺͻͳͯͻ
ͱͪͬͪͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͻͰͺͶͳ͵͹ͷ ̽͹͵ͱͳͬͳͽͰͺ͹ͯͷ͹Βͳͷ͵ͻ͹ͬ͹ͷ ΂ͳ͸ͳΕͰͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹Βͪ͵ͪͱͰͷi
,VDJ ͼͽͻ

͊͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷͯͪͻͪͲ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒͰͻͰͱͳͷ;ͭΔͰͽͪͬͪΔͪͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ͸ͪͻ΁ͳͲͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ΀ͻͪ͸ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͳͲͬͻ
΃ͳ͹΁Ͱ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͺͻͳͺͳͼ;ΒͰ̓ͻ;ͼ͹;ͻͰͺͶͳ͵;͵͹Βͪͳͻ͹͸ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͷ͹ͯ;ͼ͹ͷ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱ;ͷͰͻͰ͸;ͺͻͳͻ͹
ͯ;ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͱͰΓͰͲͪ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷͷ͹Εͳ
t̀ͪ͵͹͸ͳͼͰͯ͹͸͹ͼͰͳͲΒͰͯ͸͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ>. . . @ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͲͪ;ͲͯͪΒ;͵ͪͯ͸ͪͷͱͰΓͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;͸Ͱ;
ͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ̽͹͵ͶͰͭ͹ͯͼ;͸ͪͷͱͰΓͰ;ͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪi ,VDJ ͼͽͻ

̓ͻ;ͼ͹͹ͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͯͳͬΓͳ͸ͳͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͼͰ͸ͪͱͰΓͳ Ͳͪ͵ͻ͹ΕͰΔͰͷͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͰͷΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͪ
ͭ͹ͬͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪΒͰ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͷ;ͺ͹ͷͪͱͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͰΔ;ͽͰͻͪͼͰ͆ͪ͹ͼͽͻͬ; ͵ͪ͵͹ͭͪ
͸ͪͲͳͬͪ ͫͰͲͼͰͷͰ͸ͪ ̓ͻ;ͼ͹͵ͻ΂ͳͫ;Β͸;͹ͼͽͻͬͼ͵;ͬͰͭͰͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ΕͳͲͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͭ͹Ͷ;ͲͰͷΓ;͹ͺͪ
ͼͪ͸;Ͳͳͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ͋Ͱͻͪͼͪͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͳͲ;ΒͰΒ;͸ͪ͵͹ͬ͹ͺ͹͵͹ͻͪͬͪΔͰͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͳ Ͳͪͽͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͳΕͰ ͹΀ͻͪͫ
ͻͰΔͰͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͰͲͪͽͰͻ͹ͻ͵͹Βͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͊ͰΒͪΕͰ ͬͰͻ;ΒͰ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͯ͹Ό;ͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͰͭͪ ,VDJ
2004, ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͼͳΓͰͳͼͺ͹ΓͰ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸Ͱͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰ͹ͯ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ̓ͻ;ͼ͹͹ͬ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͼͰ;ͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͷͳ͹ͺͻͰ΂
͸ͳͷ͸ͪͻͪͽͳͬͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͻͪͯͳ ͹ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹Β ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ͇͸ ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͼͳ͸ͼͶ;ͭͰ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ
ͽͻͪͱͳ͹ͼͺͪͼ ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͪ΃ͱͰΓͪ͸ͪͬͪ͸ͽ;ͻͰ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰͱͰΓͪͲͪͫͰ͵ͼͽͬ͹ͷ;̓ͻ;
ͼ͹; ;ͽ͹ͺͳͶͪ;ͱͰΓ;ͯͪͲͪ;ͬͰ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͪͻͼͬ͹ͭͷͪͶ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͰͯͪ̓ͪ͹ͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͼͬ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ̓ͻ;
ͼ͹ͼͰ ͸ͪͼͶͪΌ;ΒͰͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͰͷ͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯ͸Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͼͻͰΕ͸;ͰͭͲͳͼ
ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒ;͊ͽ͹ͭͪΒ;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪ͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͰ͸͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ͹̓ͻ;ͼ͹͹ͬ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͸ͪ ͹ͼͽͻͬ;͸Ͱͬͳͯͳ;
ͽͰͻͪͼͪͷͪ ͺͶ͹ͯ͸͹ͽͶ͹Δͳͬͪ͵͹ΒͰ΂Ͱ͵ͪΒ;ͼͰͽͬ; ͬͰΕͷͻͪ΂͸Ͱ ͺ;ͼͽͳΔͼ͵Ͱͭͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͰ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ͱͭͳͺͪͽͼ͵ͳ
΁ͪͻͰͬͳͼͰͫͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͳ;ͺ;ͼͽͳΔͳ ͳ;΂ͳΒͰͷͼ;ͭͻͪΌͰΔ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͳͳͲͭͳ͸;Ͷͳ ,VDJ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͲͪͺͪͱͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β; ͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺ͹ͼͶ;΃͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹͵͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͰͲ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͰͽͰͱͰͯͪͺͻͳͺͳ΃;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ͵;
̸̸̸̸̹͇͉̹͊͌̀͆́͆̀́͊͋́͆͌
͌ ;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͪ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ; ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͷ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸; ΒͪͬΓͪ ͼͰ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ ̹ͪͻͽ͹͸
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪͯͪͽ͵͹ͷ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱ ͹
ͼͬ͹ͷ ̓ͻ;ͼ͹͹ͬ͹ͷͳ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ͹ͷͫ͹ͻͪͬ͵;͸ͪ͹ͼͽͻͬ;͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͻ͹ͷͪ͸Ͱͼ͵͸͹ͭͲͪͺͶͰͽͪ
;ͼͶͰ͈ͯͰͽ͵͹ͬͰ͸ͰͻͪͲͫ͹ͻͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͳ̓ͻ;ͼ͹͹ͬͰͼͷͻͽͳ
ͳͼ͵ͪͲ͹ͬͰΒ;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͰΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻ
ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͸΂ͳͽͪ͹΁;
ͅ͹͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͿ͹ͻͷͪ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͳ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪ ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͳ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ
ΓͪΔͪͼͬͻͼͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ ͼͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳͷͪ ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪ͆ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔ;ͼ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ
ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ΂ͳͽͪͬ͸ͳͲ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳ΀͸ͪͬͳ͵ͪ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳͲ͵͹ΒͰ
ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ̽͹͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͼ̓ͻ;ͼ͹͹ͷͳ͍͹͹ͷͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹͸͹ͭͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ͵ͪͯͪΒ;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪͯ͹Ͳͬ͹
Ͷͳͯͪͼͺ͹͵͹Β͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬͰͽͳ΃ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͺͻͰͯ͹ΔͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳͳ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒͰΒ͹Βͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͳͽͻͰͱͳͷͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͳͼͪ
Δͪͳ;ͭΔͰͽͪͬͪΔͪ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ
͌ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳͲͪͻͪͲ͹΂ͪͻͪΔͪ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ΕͰ͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͺ;ͽͰͷͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͭ
͹ͼͬͰ΃ΕͳͬͪΔͪͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͼͬͰͼ͸ͪͯͪΒͰ ͹ͻ;ΌͰ ;ͻ;͵ͪͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ͆ͪ ͺ;ͽ;ͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͪ
ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͹ͬͪΒ;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪΕͰͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͽͰ΃͵;ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͳ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸͹ͷ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΕͰͼͰ
ΔͰ͸Ͱ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͽͳ͹ͯͼͪ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;͸ͪͼͳΓ;ͯ͹ͱͻͽͬͰ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ
̽ͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͱͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͱͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΃Ͷͳͼ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹;
ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͷͪ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰ͸͸ͪͼͬͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰ
ͷ͹Εͳ͵͹ΒͰͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͰ͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͼͺ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͷͪͻͭͳ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͷͪ
ͺͻͳͶͪͲͳͼͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͳͳͲͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͿͰͷͳ͸ͳͲͷͪ͋Ͱ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ
͸͹ͭͿͰͷͳ͸ͳͲͷͪͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͱͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹
ͬͪ͸͹ͭͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪ͌ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ͹͸ͳͼͰͫͪͬͰΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ
ͭͶͪͼͪ ͽͳ΃ͳ͸Ͱͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͷͳͷͳ͵ͻͳΒ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ "ØLSPGU ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͺ͹Γ;͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹
Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͿͰͷͳ͸ͳͲͪͷ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ;ͺ͹ͺ;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͱͪ͸ͻͪͱͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂ͳΒͰͼͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͵Ͱ
ͫͪͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͱͰ͸Ͱ

̸̾̈́̾͆̀́̈́́ͣ͠ͅ ̽Ͱ
̓ͪ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹;ͫ͹ͻͫͳͲͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͳ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;͹ͺ
΃ͽͰ ͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰͭ͹ͯͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ ͊;Ͳͪ͸͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͿ͹ͻͷ;ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ͈ͻͰͷͪͽͪ΂͸͹ͷ
ͲͪͺͪͱͪΔ;̈́Ͱ͸Ͱ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͯ͹͵͍͹ ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ Ϳͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ̽ͰͿ͹
ͱͰͶͳͯͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬͳͪͬͪ͸ͽ;ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵;
ͺͻͳ΂;;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ͈Ͱͽ͵͹͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸ͪͰͺͳͲ͹ͯͪ tͲͪͺͻͳ΂;͵͹Β;ͺͳ΃Ͱ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͪ>. . . @ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳͳͲͪͲ͹ͬ
ΒͰͼͽͰ ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ͹ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ΒͰͻ ͺͻͪͬ; ͳͼͽͳ͸; ͹ ͼͰͫͳ ͸ͰΕͰͷ͹ ͼͪͲ͸ͪͽͳ ͯ͹͵ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱ
ͬͻͪͽͳͷ͹͈Ͱͽ͵;ͷ͹Εͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪi 1FUSPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽͻ;ͯ;Β;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͰͯͪͳͲͫͰͭ͸ͰͲͪͷ͵Ͱ
ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;ͯͪͫ;ͯͰtͷͪΒ͵ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͳ΂Ͱi ,VDJ ͼͽͻ
ͺͻͳ΂ͪ͹
͈Ͱͽ͵;ΕͰ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺͻͳ΂ͪ͸ͪͳͲͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰΒͰͻt͊;Ͳͪ͸͹͈Ͱͽ͵;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͪͲ͸ͪͽͳi ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ ͹͸t͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳiͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͽ͵;tͲͪͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹͊;Ͳͪ͸ͼͪͷ͹Β
ͼͰͫͳ͹ͯͻͳ΂Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺͻͳ΂;i ̹͹Βͪ͸ͳΕͣͳͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β;Εͳ͍ͭͪ͹;tͅͰ͸ͳ
͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͼ;ΌͰ͸͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͷͷͪΒ͵ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱ ͬͰΕΔͰ͸Ͳͪ΂Ͱͽ͸ͳ͵͆ͳͼͪͷΒͪͼ;ΌͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͳi
,VDJ ͼͽͻ

͊ͬͰͼ͸ͪ ͯͪ ͼ; ͼͳͶͰ ͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ; ͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͺ;ͽͰͷ
ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪt͵͹Βͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳi 4BJE ͼͽͻ
͊;Ͳͪ͸ ͪͶͳͳͼͪͷ̓;΁ͳ
͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
ͳͻ͹͸ͳΒͼ͵;ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁;ͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪͻͪͽͳͬ;͵͹Βͳͼͽͬͪͻͪ͆ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͽͰͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱͺͻͳ
Ͷͳ͵͹ͷ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͬͰͲͰͼͫͳͶ͹͵͹Βͳͷ͸ͪͻͪͽͳͬ͹ͷ Β;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰͭ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻͪ 4
͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭ ; ͻͰ΁ͳͺͳΒͰ͸ͽ;
͹ͫͻͪΕͪΔͰͷ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻ; ͍͹;
͵ͪ͹ ͹Ͷͳ΂ͰΔ; Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ
͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͹ ͯͪͫͻͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;͊;Ͳͪ͸ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰͯͪΒ͹ΒͼͰ΁Ͱ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹;ͺͻͳ΂;ͳͯͪΒ͹Β͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͹ͼͳͷͼ;ͷΔͰ
͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰͫͳͳ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁ͳͷͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt̓͹ͷͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͠ͰͼͪͷͶͳͳͼͪͷͪ;ͽͬͪͻͪ
̓͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͷ ̸ͬͳ ͵͹ͼͽͰͬͳ i ,VDJ ͼͽͻ

̓ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪ
ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΒͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͰ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͪ ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸ͪ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬͰ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͊ͬͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͼ;;ͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ;ΔͰ͸;΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒ;ͷ͹Εͳ ͺͪͼͰ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͱͰΓͪͯͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ
͸͹͹͵ͻͰΕͰ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͇ͫͰͼͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͪ Ͳͪͽ͹΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ
͸ͪΒͰ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸͈ͪͰͽ͵ͪ͠;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪ͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͰ͸͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ͹͈Ͱͽ͵;͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵;ͺ͹ͽͶͪ
΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͯ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͼͳΓͰͬͻ΃ͳ;ͳͷͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͼ͸ͪͯͪΒ͹ΒΒͰ̓ͻ;ͼ͹;ͼͪͯͳ͹ͷͳͼͪ͹͹
ΔͰͷ;͵ͪ͹͹Γ;ͯ͹ͱͯͰͻ; ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͽͳ
4
͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻ ΒͰ;͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ;ͬͰ͹ͦͰͻͪͶ͈ͯͻͳ͸ͼ;ͻͪͯ;*OUSPEVDUJPOÆMÊUVEFEVOBSSBUBJSF,
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͭͯͰΒͰ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹͵͹ͷͰͼͰͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ΂͹ͫͻͪΕͪ͌ͻͪͯ;5IF/BSBUFF3FWJTJUFEͳͲ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͈ͻͳ͸ͼ ΕͰ ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪͲͬͪͽͳ ͼͬͪ͵͹ ͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ
;ͺͳͼͪ͸͹ ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳ ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸ͳͷͺͻͳͷͪ͹΁Ͱͷͽ͹ͭͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ͆Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ;͆ͪͻͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷͻͰ΂͸ͳ͵; ͦͰͻͪͶ͈ͯͻͳ͸ͼͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻ;ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͽͰͻͷͳ͸a. ͌ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͳ̽ͪ
Ͷͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ ͹ ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻ; ̿ͪ͸ ͉;ͼͰ ΕͰ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ͺ͹ͷͪ͵ ; ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔ; Ϳͳͭ;ͻͰ
͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻͪ;͸ͪ;΁ͳ͹͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳͺ͹ͯͰͶ;͸ͪͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻͰ͊ͺ͹Γͪ-
΃Δͳ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻ͸ͳΒͰͯͰ͹Ϳͳ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪͺͻͳ΂ͰͳͻͰͲ;ͶͪͽͪͽΒͰͽͰͱΔͰͿͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͺͪΒͪΔͪͼ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁Ͱͷ ͯ͹͵
ΒͰ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻ ͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͶ;΃ͪͶͪ΁ ͳͶͳ ͼͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ΀͹ͷ͹ͯͳΒͰͭͰͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ΂ͪ

͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹Β ͳ ͻͪͼ͸͹Β ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ;ͼͪΌͰ͸ͪ ; ͼͬͰͼͽ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪ ;
ͻ͹ͷͪ͸;ΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳͷͪ΂ͳΒͳͼ;͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳ͊;Ͳͪ͸ ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͳ͍͹͆Ͱͭͪͽͳ
ͬ͸ͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͬͳͶͳ͵͹ͬͳͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β;͈Ͱͽ͵; ͫͰͲͭͶͪͼ͸ͳͼͶ;ͭͪ >ͷͪͶͳ Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ ͵;Ε͸ͳ
΁ͻ͸ͳ@ ͻ͹ͫͳͯͰͽͰ ;ͫ͹ͭͺͻͳͭͶ;ͺͳͼͽͬ͹ͻ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͳͲ͸ͪΒͷͻͪ΂͸ͳΒͳ΀ͬͪͻͬͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ Γ;ͯ͹ͱͯͰͻ
ͱͯͰͻͪ΂ͷͻͽͬͳ΀ ͽ;ͺͳ΁ͻΔͪͳͽͯ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪ
ͼͰͫͳͳͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ
͈͹ͻͰͯ͹ͫͰͼͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͪ Β;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͯͪΒͰͳͲͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ͆ͪͽͻͪͭ;ͷͳͼͶͳ͹ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹Βͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊;Ͳͪ͸ΕͰͼͰͲͪͺͳ
ͽͪͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͷͳͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰͷ͸ͪͻͪͽͰͻ; tΒͰͻ΃ͽͪͼͳͽͳ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͹ͽͰ͹
ͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼͳͳͼͪͷ͹ͽͰͽ i͇͸͹ͭͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͯͪΒͰͳͼͪͷͪͲͪͽ͹΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵͹Β;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪ
ͬΓͪ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͻͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͫͳͬͪ͹ͼ;ΒͰΕͰ͸ͪ͊;͹΂Ͱ͸ͪͼ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹΃Ε; Β;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪ
;͹΂͈ͪͬͪͰͽ͵͹ͬ;ͺͪͽΔ;ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͺͻͰͷͪΔ͹Β ͸ͪ͵͹͸΂Ͱͭͪͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͯ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ
͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽ͈ͪͻͳͷͰΕͰ͸ͪ;͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͱͻͽͬͪ͸ͪͼͳΓͪͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ
͆͹ͬͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Β;ͼͪͯ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͼͰͼͪͷ͹ͪ͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽͪͫ͹ͻ
ͫͪ ͵͹ΒͪͯͳͱͰ;ͬͪͲͯ;΀͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͲ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͶ͹
ͯͪ͸ͪ ͸͹ͬͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͳ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͺͻͼͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͽͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪ 'BOPO
ͼͽͻ

̸ͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼΒ;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͰͺͻͰͷ͈ͪͰͽ͵;Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͪͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Β;
ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ;ͼͰͫͳ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳ΀͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͪͽͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͹Δ͹Β͊;Ͳͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽΒͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͶͰͫͪΔͪ ͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳΒͪ ͫͻ͹Β
͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪ ͱ;ͯΔͰ Ͳͪ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ ͹ͯ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ Ͱͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͷͪ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͪ ͵ͻͳͬͳ΁Ͱ ͳ
ͼͻͪͷ͹ͽͰ͌ͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸͹ͳͼͺ͹ΓͰ͸͹ΒͼͪͷͳͶ͹ͼͽͳͳͰͷ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪͽͳͷ;͹ͽͺ͹ͻ;ͳͺ͹ͫ;͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͳ
ͭͻͪͬͪΒ;;ΔͰ͸͹ͷͫͳΕ; Βͪͼ͸͹ͼͰ;͹΂ͪͬͪͯͪΒ;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪ͹ͼͰΕͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷ͈ͪͰͽ͵;Ͳͫ͹ͭ;΂ͳΔͰ
͸ͳ΀ͲͶ͹ͯͰͶͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵͹Β͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ͌ͫ͹ͻͫͳͲͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͽͻͪͭͪͲͪt͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷ
Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹ΒͳͳͲͷͳ΂Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Β͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͳiͳͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;tͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸ͪi (Petro-
WJǀ ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸̸͉͈͇̺̹͇͉̹͇̺̽́͊̓͌͊͋́͑́͆̾́̾͋̓̀͐̾̓
͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͫͳͽͪ͸ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ
ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͰͻͪͲͫ͹ͻͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ
͸ͳ΀ͳͲͻͪͱͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͳͺͳͼͷ͹
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͫ͹ͻͫͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͽͪ ͯͰͿͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ; ͼͬͰͼͽ ͬͳͯͳ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ΔͰͷ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͺͪͯ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒtͼͽͪΔͪͼͬͰͼͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪi 1FUSPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
͵͹Βͳͷ;ͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ
̓͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͽͰ΃͵͹ ͯͪ ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͸ͪͬͰͯ; ͯͪ ͸ͪ;΂ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬͪ ͵͹Βͳ
Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;ͳͷͯͪͭͪ͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͺ͹ͽ΂ͳ͸Ͱͼͬ͹Β͹Βͬ͹Γͳ ͪͶͳͳͷ͵ͪ͹

̸̾̈́̾͆̀́̈́́ͣ͠ͅ ̽Ͱ
͸ͰͻͰ΃ͳͬͪ Ͳͪͭ͹͸Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ ͭͶͪͼ ̻͹ͬ͹ͻ ͽͰͶͪ ͳͼͺ͹ΓͰ͸ ͳͭͻ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ
Ͳͪͭ͹͸Ͱͽ͸ͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͽͳ΃ͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ;͸;ͽͪͻ͵͹ΒͰͭΒͰͼͬͰͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͰ͸͹͇ͼͶ͹
ͫ͹ͯͳͬ΃ͳͭͪͼͽͰͭͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪ͹ͭͻΕͰͺͶͪ΃ͽ͹ͷ͵ͪ͹͹ͯͰͬ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͹ͷ͵͹Βͳ
͸͹ͼͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ͵;͆ͪͳͷͰ ͹͸ͪΒ͵͹Βͳ͸͹ͼͳ ͺͶͪ΃ͽ͸ͪͼͰͫͳt͹ͫͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;
;͸ͳͬͰͻͲ;ͷͪ ͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕͰ͸ͼͪ ͹ͼ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͶͪ΃ͽΔͰͭ͹ͬ͸ͰͫͰͼ͵ͳ΃ͪͽ͹ͻ ͪͭͶͪͬͪͷ;ΒͰ;
͹͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͭͯͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ̹͹ͭ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ͹͸ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵͸ͪͲͰͷΓͳi »FWBMJKFJ(FSCSBO ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪ͵ͪ͵͹;ͽͻͰ͸;΁ͳͷͪͲͪ͸͹ͼͪ͹ͯͶͪͲͳ͸Ͱ͵;ͯͬͪ͸Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͷͪ΃ͪΒͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͯͪ
ͲͳͬͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ΂ͪ͵͸ͳ͸ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͷͰ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͺͻͳͱͰΓ͵;ΒͰͯͪͷ;ͼͰͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱͳ;͹ͼͶ;΃͵ͳͬͪΔ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ
͸ͳ΀;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ͭͶͪͼ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͳͼ͵͹ͻͪ΂ͳͶͪͳͲͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ͋ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳͽ͹ͼͽ
ͳͭͻͰ ͵͹Β; ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ ͳ ͸Ͱͯ͹͵;΂ͳͬ͹ͼͽ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪΒ; ͈Ͱͽ͵; ͳͲͬͰͼ͸; ͷ͹Ε ͸ͪͯ ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;͹ͬ͹ͭΒ;͸ͪ͵ͪ ͼͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ;ΕͳΒͰ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ
ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻͰ͋ͳ΃ͳ͸ͪ͵͹Β;ͷ;ΒͰͺ͹ͯͪͻͳ͹ͺͳͼͪ΁ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͳͷͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹;ͳͷͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ
͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͪͻͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͈ͪͰͽ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ΃ͳ͸ͪΒͰͲͪ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁ͪͺͻͪ
Ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪ͵͹Β;ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺ͹ͺ;͸ͳ ͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͪ͹΁;ΒͰͳͲͫ͹ͻ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳͷͪͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰΔͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹
΁ͰͺͰͳͼͺ;͸ͳͽͳ
t̿ͰͶͰΕͳͯͪͺ͹Βͷͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ ̓;΁ͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ ΔͰͭͪ͸ͳͽͳͭͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ
ͳͶͳ͹ͺͳͼͪͽͳΒͰͻͷ;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͽ͹͸Ͱͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Γͪͬͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ͳͲͳͼͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ͸Ͱ
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͺ͹ͯͼͽͻͰ͵ͪͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ΂ͪ΂ͳΒͳͼͰ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͻͳͬͳ΁Ͱͳͼͪ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
ͷͪ΀͹ͷͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β;ͼͪͷ͹ͷͺͳͼ΁; ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼͰͭͻͪͯͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͸ͰͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ
͸͹ͭͳ͸ͰͳͲͻͰ΁ͳͬ͹ͭ͌͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ;ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͼͰͯ͹΂ͪͻͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ΒͰ͵Γ;΂Ͳͪ
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬͰͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ΂Ͱ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹͹ͫ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;͹ͼͰΕͪΒͳ͸ͰͶͪͭ͹ͯͰͳ
͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪi -VCVSJǀ$WJKBOPWJǀ ͼͽͻ

͋ͳ΃ͳ͸ͪͳ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹Εͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲ͈ͪͰͽ͵͹ͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͺ͹͵ͻͰΕ;ͺͳͽͪΔͪͬͰͻ͹ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͼͽͳ͸ͰͳΔͰ͸Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͬͳͻ͈ͪͰͽ͵͹ͬͪͺͻͳ΂ͪ͹ͼͽͪ
ΒͰ͸ͰͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͪͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͭͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͰͷͳͷͳͫͰͲͭͶͪͼ͸ͳͷ ͪͶͳͳͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳ͊;Ͳͪ͸͸ͳ͍͹
;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͳͷΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͼͶ;ͱͰͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷͳͺͳͼͷ͹ͷ
͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰͬͪΒ;ͯͪ͹ͯͭ͹͸Ͱͽ͸;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͫ͹Ͷͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;
̻͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ͹ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͍ͻͪ͸΁͍ͪ͸͹͸Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͯͪͼͰΔͰ͸͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸
͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰt;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͳͲ͹ͺͪ΂ͳͶͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰͳͻͪͼ͵ͳ͸;
ͶͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͯ͹ͬͰͶͪ ΒͰͯ͹ͻͪͼ͵ͳͯͪͯ͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ΒͪͬͪΔͪ ͯ͹ ͵ͻͬͪͬͳ΀
͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͳi 'BOPO ͼͽͻ
̓;΁ͳΒͰͬͻ͹ͷͪ͸;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͼ;ͽ͹ͻͽ;ͻͳ
ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ΒͳͳͶͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β
ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͼͬͳͶͳ͵͹ͬͳ͹͵͹΂ͳΒͳ΀ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪΒͰͳͼͺͶͰͽͰ͸Ϳͪͫ;Ͷͪͽͳ
ͬ͸ͳ ͲͪͺͶͰͽ ͌Ͳ ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͼ; ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͫ; ;ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͹ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼͪͷ͹
ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸Ͱͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ́͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͳͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ;ͻ͹ͷͪ͸;͍͹͸͹ͼͰͫͻͰͷͰͼͽͻͪ
ͯͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΒͰͻͼ; ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͳͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͷͰͳͳͲͻͪͲͰͼͬ͹Β ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͳͭͶͪͼ ͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼͪ
͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷͲͪͺͪͱͪΔͰͷ ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ̓ͻ;ͼ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ

t̸Ͷͳ͵ͪͯͼͰͭͶͰͯͪͳͲͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͯͪΓͳ͸Ͱ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͭ;ͫͳͶͳ΂͸ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ͊ͬͳͫͻ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹
ͷͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ΒͰͯͪ͸ͽͰͳͼͽͳͫͻ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͼͬͳͫͻ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͷ΁ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͽͰͳͼͽͳͫͻ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͷ͸ͳ͵i (Kuci,
ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͯͶͳ͵ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ͸ͪͽ͵ͻͳΓ;ΒͰΒͰͲͳ͵͵͹Βͳͷͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ Ͳͪͽͳͷͯͳͼ
͵;ͻͼͰ͵͹ΒͰ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬͳΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͪͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕ;Β;
͈͹ΒͪͬͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͻ͹ͷͪ͸;͍͹ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͪΒͰͯͬ͹Βͪ͵͹͸ͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;– ͵ͪ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͰ͹ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹͸͵ͻͰ
ͽͪ͸ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸ ͹ͼͽͻͬ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͰ ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ;ΒͰ ͆Ͱͽͪ͵͸;ͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳͷͳͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸ͪͻ͸ͳͷ
ͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͰͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬͯ͹ͷΒͰ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸;ΔͰͷ;ͼͪͷ͹ͷͳ
͹͸ͭͪͼͬ;ͯͪͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͳ͈ͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͼ͵͹ͻͪ΂Ͱ
ͳͲ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͹ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͋;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ; ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;͸ͪͯΓ;ͯͳͷͪͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;͸ͪͯͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ ;͵͹ͷͰͼ;
͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ ͳ ͷ͹Ε ͵ͪ͹ ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͪ΁ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͷͳͼͳΒͰ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͷ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹
ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ; ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͹ͭͻͪΌͰ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ;ͫͰΌͰ͸ ͯͪ ΕͰ ͷ; ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹
ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͯ͹͸Ͱͽͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ; Ͳͪ ͵͹Β͹ͷ ΂ͰͲ͸Ͱ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ ΒͰ ͫͰͶ͵ͳΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͽͰͱͳ ͯͪ ͳͲͪΌͰ ͳͲ ͽͪͷ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͻͪͼ͸͹ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͽͻͪͱͰΕͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͰͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;
͊ͬͰͼ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪͼͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͶͪͲͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪͼͳΓͰ͵ͪ͹ͲͪͰͭͲͳͼ
ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͽͻͪͱͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪ͹ͯͫͳΒͰ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ 1FUSPWJǀ

͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͼͬ͹ͭͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪͳͲ͸ͪ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͷͪͼͽͳͶ͹ͷ͊;Ͳͪ͸̹ͪͻͽ͹͸΂Ͱͼͽ͹
ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͼ͵ͪͷͰΔͰͷ ͪͺͪͺͳͻͼͪ͹ͼͽͻͬ͹ͷ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͬ͹Γͪ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰΔͪͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͵ͪͷͰΔͪ ͻͪͲ
ͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ;Εͳͳ΀ͺ͹;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͲͪͯͪͽ͹ͷͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ;
͆ͪ ͪͶͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰ ͯ͹ͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͸͹ ͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰ ͼͰͫͰ ͯ͹͵
ͫ͹ͻͪͬͪ͵;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͯ͹ͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͫͰͲͶ;ͽͪΔͪ ;ͺ͹ͷͳͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ
͠;͸ͪ͵ͳΔͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͽͻͪͱͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹͸ͪͽ;ΌͰͷ͹ͼͽͻͬ; ;ͼͽͰΔ;͵ͻͪΒͷ͹ͻͪ ͪͶͳ;ͫͻͲ͹͹ͯ;ͼͽͪΒͰ͹ͯ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͻͰ ΒͰͻͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͯͪ͹ͼͽͻͬ͹͸ͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔ͹ΒͳͶͳ̓ͻ;ͼ͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹ͻͽ;ͭͪͶͼ͵͹ͷ
͵ͻͪΓ;ͳͶͳ΂ͪ͵͈Ͱͽ͵;ͳͪͿͻͳ΂͵ͳͷΓ;ͯ͹ͱͯͰͻͳͷ͈ͪ͹͹ͯͶͪͼ͵;ͼͪ͹ͼͽͻͬͪ ͊;Ͳͪ͸ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼ͈ͪͰͽ͵͹ͷ
Ͳͪ;Ͳͳͷ͍ͪ͹͹ͬ;͵;Ε;͵͹Β;ͼ;ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͽͰΓͳͺ͹΀ͪͻͪͶͳ ͺͻͰ;ͻͰΌ;ΒͰΒͰͳͫͰͲͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͰͺͻͳͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͈ͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸ͪͯͪ͹ͽͳͷͪͳͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͽ;ΌͰͺ͹͵;Εͼͽͬ͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺͻͰͱͳͬͰͶͪ Β;͸ͪ
͵ͳΔͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͯͪ͹ͼͰΕͪ͹͸;ͷͻͱΔ;ͺͻͰͷͪͼͰͫͳt͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͰͼͰͭͻͰͭͳͻͪ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪi (Fanon,
ͼͽͻ 198).
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͈͹͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪͷ͹͹ͼͰͫͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ͸ͪͷͰ
ͽ͸;ͽ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͰͬͳͯΓͳͬͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ̓;΁ͳ ͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃Ͱ ͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯ ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͰ
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̓ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ ͹ ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͷͰΌ;
ΔͰ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ΒͰͼͽͪͬ͹̸Ϳͻͳ΁ͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰͫͪ΁ͳͬͳ

̸̾̈́̾͆̀́̈́́ͣ͠ͅ ̽Ͱ
ͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ̓ͻ͹Ͳ̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͪͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪ ;ͼͺͰͬͪͯͪͳͼͺ͹Γͳͼͬ͹Β;ͷ͹Ε ͯ͹͵ͼ;͊;Ͳͪ͸ͳ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ ͹Ͷͳ΂ͰΔͪ
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ ΔͰ͸͹ͷ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ; ͌ ;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͱͻͽͬͰ ͲͪͫͶ;ͯͰ ͹ ͸Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹Β ͷ͹Εͳ ͳ Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵Ͱ
͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͹͵ͬͳͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͸;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬ͹ͷ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸; ΒͪͬΓͪ ͼͰ
͈Ͱͽ͵͹͆ͪͼͳͶ͸͹͹ͯͼͽͻͪΔͳͬͪΔͰ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ͬ͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
͵ͪ͹ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͯ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͸ͪ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪ
ͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͬ͹ΓͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͺ͹ͽͶͪ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ ΒͰͻ ΒͰ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰͬͻͰͯͪ͸ͺͪͱΔͰ͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ
ͽͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͻͱͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͼ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͲ͹ͺ
΃ͽͳ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͰͭͶͪͼ͹ͬͪͳͲͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͌ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;̓ͻ;ͼ͹ͪͳ͈Ͱͽ͵ͪ ̾͸ͭͰͶͼΒͰͼͶͳ͵͹ͬͳͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͹͸Ͱͼ
ͽͪͶ͸;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;ͷ͹Εͳ;ͼͬ͹ͷͲͪͺͪͱͪΔ;ͯͪΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͈Ͱͽ͵͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭΒ;ͽͻͪͺ͹Βͪͬ
Γ;ΒͰͼ ͺ;͸ͳͷͻͰͬ͹ͶͬͰͻ͹ͷ;ͻ;΁ͳ ͳͼͽ͹͹͸ͪ͵͹͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͉͹ͫͳ͸ͼ͹͸ͷ͹ͭͪ͹͸ͪͫͪͬͳͽͳͷͪ΂ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;
ͫͳͼͰ΁Ͱ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͼͳͶͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͹ &OHFMT ͼͽͻ
̀ͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ΃ͳͯͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͹ͫͪͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬ͹ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͻ;ͭͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻ̾ͯͬͪͻͯ͊ͪͳͯ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪ
ΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͪ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒͪ͸ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪ;ͼͬͳͷͰͺ͹΀ͪͷͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ
;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳ;ͼͰͫͰͼͬͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁Ͱͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ 4BJE ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;͊ͪͳͯ͹ͬͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪ
ͱͪΔͪ ̓;΁ͳͼͰ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ͹ͷ ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ;ͫ͹ͻͫ;Ͳͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪ ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸ͳͷ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳͷ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷ͉ͪ͹ͷͪ͸͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳͲ;ΒͰ
ͼͪͷ͹΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͼͽͪͬͺͻͰͷͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ΒͳͶͳͻͪͼ͸͹ΒͻͪͲͶͳ΁ͳ ͬͰΕ ͸ͪ΃ͳͻͰͷͺͶͪ͸; ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͯͻ;
ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͭ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͪ΃Ͷ͹ͭͳͲΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ̓;΁ͳͼͷͰ΃ͽͪͶͳ͵͹ͬͰ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͬͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳͺͻͰ͵ͶͪͺͪΔͳͷͪ͹͸ͳͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽͰ͋Ͱͷͪͳͼ͵;ͺΓͰΔͪͳ;ͱͪͼͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͷͳͼͳΒͰ ΀ͻ͹͸͹ͽ͹ͺͳͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͫͻ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͷͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ
͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹Ͷ;ͽͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂͵;ͯͪ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Β;͹ͼͰΕͪ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͸Ͱͼͽͪͽͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ; ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͪ͵͹ tͲͪ;ͬͰ͵ ͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͪΔͰ
΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵;i (Fanon, 1973).

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
Apaduraj, A. (2011). ,VMUVSBJHMPCBMJ[BDJKB#FPHSBE,SVH

Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. and 5JGGJO )
5IF&NQJSF8SJUFT#BDL. London and New :PSL3PVt-
ledge.
̹͹Βͪ͸ͳΕ ͣͳͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
͆ͳͬ͹ͳ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͪ ; ̓;΁ͳΒͰͬͳͷ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͍͹ͳ
̿ͳͬ͹ͽͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͪͅΒ͵Ͷͪ̓. ;̺̈́͹ͺͳ΂ͳΕ ̹ͅͳ΃ͳΈͶͳΕ ;ͻ
͠ͰͲͳ͵ ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͻ–
͆ͳ΃͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;͆ͳ΃;
&OHFMT '
"OUJ%ÛISJOH;BHSFC/BQSJKFE
Kenedi, V. (2008). Said i postkolonijalne studije. 1PMKB
– ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ IUUQQPMKB
ST-2/.

,VDJ %ß.
Fo#FPHSBE1BJEFB
-VCVSJǀ $WJKBOPWJǀ "
,BSJM'JMJQT %ßPO .BLTWFM ,VDJ J 4BMNBO 3VßEJ QSPCMFN JEFOUJUFUB V
QPTULPMPOJKBMOPKQSP[J ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪͯͳͼͰͻͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ
/PWJ4BE'JMP[PGTLJGBLVMUFU
1FUSPWJǀ -
6 USBHBOKV [B J[HVCMKFOJN SBKFN 1BHBOTLB USBEJDJKB V EFMJNB ,VDJKB 5PNBTB J
1FLJǀB/JØ5JCFU
1FUSPWJǀ -
ÂJWPUJWSFNFOB%ß.BKLMB,VDJKB/JØ4WFO
Plašt. (2013)Â»FWBMJKF A. Gerbran (ur.
;3FǁOJLTJNCPMBNJUPWJ TOPWJ PCJǁBKV QPTUVQDJ PCMJDJ MJLP
WJ CPKF CSPKFWJJ[E ͼͽͻ
/PWJ4BE4UZMPTBSU
3JDFS %ß #BSOBSE "
%FGJOJTBOKFHMPCBMJ[BDJKF ;"#BSOBSE /)PSOFSJ%ß7BKME ur.). VrF
EOPTOBPTOPWBTPDJKBMOPHSBEBJTPDJKBMOF[BØUJUF1SJSVǁOJL[BBLUJWOPVǁFOKF ͼͽͻ–
/JØ6OJWFr-
zitet u Nišu.
Said, E. (2000). 0SJKFOUBMJ[BN#FPHSBEƀJHPKBØUBNQB
Said, E. (2002). ,VMUVSBJJNQFSJKBMJ[BN#FPHSBEƀJHPKBØUBNQB
Frantz, F. (1973). 1SF[SFOJOBTWJKFUV;BHSFC4UWBSOPTU

̸̾̈́̾͆̀́̈́́ͣ͠ͅ ̽Ͱ
+&-&/";.*-*ſ
%&
$0/4536$5*/(5)&%*4$0634&0'(-0#"-*;"5*0/
*/5)&/07&- FOE BY J. M. COETZEE
SUMMARY
͋IJTQBQFSJOWFTUJHBUFTUIFXBZJOXIJDIEJTDPVSTFDBOCFDPNFBQPXFSGVMUPPMGPSUIFJNQMFNFOUa-
tion of globalization as well as the manner in which that power strategy is deconstructed in the context of the
novel with the (post)colonial theme Foe by G. M. Coetzee.
For the purpose of the present paper Foucault’s definition of discourse is accepted while language poli-
cy as an essential element of globalization and preservation of an individual and national identity is inter-
preted in the context of the postcolonial theories by E. Said, F. Fanon and A. Appadurai. The present paper
aims, through the analysis of the relationship between Cruso, Friday and Susan in Coetzee’s novel Foe, to
point to and clearly define the types of conflicts imposed by the cultural globalization. Motivated by the
Appadurai’s explanation of ideoscapes, we are deconstructing the conceptualized presentation of Friday’s
identity that is based on stereotypes and cognitive expectations that are not fulfilled.
In this paper, we regard language as a phenomenon that enhances the feeling of belonging to a group, by
means of factors that have influence on the lack of understanding of cultural differences, also by means of
repression - through the imposition of one nation with unipolarity masked as an apparent tendency towards
supranational integration and multiculturalism. Moreover, we draw attention to the implicit idea of
separation by choice in Coetzee’s novel, as well as to the intentional detachment conducted by the civilization.
,&:803%4 discourse, globalization/glocalization, identity, ideoscapes, conflict.

316.644-
̸̸̸̺͉͇̺̺́͆́̈́͊̾́ͣ͡ͅ1
͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͺͻͪͬͪͯͰͽͰͽͪ͌͆́͏͍̾
̀͹͸ͼ͵ͪ͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͪ;̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸;
̸̸̸͇͉͇̻͇̹͉͊̈́́̽͆͊͋͌̈́̈́́̀́͌ͣ̾͠ͅ
͉̺̽͌͑͋͌–̸͈͉͎̺͇́ͣ̾͆͊͋̽̾͏̸̾͊
̸̸̸͉̺͇͊̾͋͌̀͌͌͢͠ͅͅ
̸̸̸̺͈͇͇̹͉͇̺͊́͋͆̀͆́͊́͊͋̾͆ͅ
͇͇̺͇͎̓͊͌́̾͋́́͠ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͉ͪͯ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͯͰ΁ͳͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͰ;ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹Βͳ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͻͰͯΔͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ
ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ ̀;ͫͳ͸͈͹ͽ͹͵ͳ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΈͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͷͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͱͰͶͰͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͪͲ͸ͪͽͳͯͪͶͳΒͰͳ
;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͪͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͯͰ΁ͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͰ΁ͳͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ
ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͳͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͽ͹͵͹ͷͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͬͪ͸ΔͰͭͪ ͪͶͳͳ
ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͺͻ;ͱͰͺ͹ͷ͹Ε ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪͳͺ͹͵ͪͱͰͰͷͺͪͽͳΒͪ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͷ
ͪ͸͵ͰͽͰ ͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽΒͰ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵͌Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ΒͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͹ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͰͯͷ͹ͭ
ͳ͹ͼͷ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪͳͺͻͬ͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ ̀;ͫͳ͸͈͹ͽ͹͵ͳ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ ͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪ ͯͰ΁ͪ ͼͪ ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ ͯͰ΁ͪ ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹-
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ
̸̺͇͈͇͌̽͆̾͆̾͆̾ͅ
̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͫ͹ΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͪͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪͯͰ΁ͰͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳͼͪͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͹ͯ
͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͻͷͳ͸̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͬͰͲͳ
ͬͪΔͪ t͵͹Β;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳi ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ
ͼͽͻ
͢Ͱ͸ͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͪ͸ͳͽKFͼͽͰͯͪtͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪ
ͽ͸͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͬͰΕͳ΀ΒͰ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪi ͊͵ͶͰͻ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ tͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ
ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͪͳ͵ͪ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳͬͪΔͰͳ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͬͳͷͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ
1
ivana.milosavljevic.kg@gmail.com

̸̸̸̺͉͇̺̺́͆́̈́͊̾́ͣ͊͡ͅ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;– ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͯͰ΁Ͱ...
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͹ͯ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͯ͹͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͹ͯͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͪͯ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͎ͰͶͯ
̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ
.
͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ;
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͰ̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ ;ͺ͹ͻRitzer, 2003)͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͬͪͼͺͳͽ
͸͹-͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;ͺͻͰͷͪͯͰ΁ͳͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͺͻͳͲͷ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
́͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ͼͪ ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ; ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹-͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽͳͬͪ ; ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ ͈ͻͰͷͪ
ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͰͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͽͰͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ΒͰͼͽͰ͹͸͹ͯͰͽͰ͵͹ΒͰ
t͸ͳΒͰ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸ͰͳͶͳ͹ͯͻͱͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͲͯͻͪͬΓͪͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͳͶͳ΂ͳΒͰ
ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͷ͹ͭ;Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪΒ;ͫͰͲͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͰͳͶͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͭͪ;͹ͫͶͪ
ͼͽͳ ͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͻͰ΀ͪͫͳͶͳͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͳͶͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ
ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱi2.
͈͹ͶͪͲͳ΃ͽͰͼͬͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪͺͻͪͬͪͯͰ΁ͰͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ΒͰͼͽͰ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͌͆͹ͺͻͪ
ͬͳͷͪͯͰͽͰͽͪ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ3 ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͺ͹ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ;ͳͼͽ͹
ͻͳΒͳ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃; ͺͻͪͬͪ ͯͰͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ ͯ͹
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ;͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͻ
ΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͌͆ͼ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͷͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͅͽͳΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
9).
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͯͰ΁Ͱͼͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;ΔͰ͸ͪΒͰ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͺͻͪͬͳ
ͷͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͼͪͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͪͻͪͯͳ΂ͳΒͰͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͹͸Ͱͽ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔ;̓͹͸ͬͰ͸
΁ͳΒͰ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͼͪͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ4͇ͬͪ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͽΒͲͪ͵͹͸ ͺ͹ͯͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͺ͹
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͼͬͪ͵; ͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ ͳͶͳ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͰ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;
ͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽͪ ΃ͽ͹ͳͷͪͲͪ΁ͳΓͳͶͳ ͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ͸ͪͻ;΃ͰΔͪͳͶͳͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ;ͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͳͶͳͬͻ΃ͰΔͪ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͼͬͳ΀Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Β
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Β ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹Β ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ΒͳͶͳͫͳͶ͹͵͹Β͹Βͯͻ;ͭ͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
2
̽Ͱ΁ͪͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳͷͪΒ;Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸ͪ͹΃ͽͰΕͰΔͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͳͳͶͳͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͪ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪͳͷΒͰ͹ͽͰͱͪ͸͹ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͆ͳͬ͹ͳ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͪͯͰͽͰͽͪ
;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͳͲͪ;Ͳͻͪͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;͵͹Β͹ΒͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ; Ͳͫ͹ͭͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳ΀͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ-
ͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͫͳͽͳ Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ ͼͷͪΔͰ͸ͳ ͊ͷͰͽΔͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͫͳͽͳ ;ͻ͹ΌͰ͸Ͱ ͳͶͳ ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸Ͱ ͳͶͳ
ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͰͳͶͳͽͻͪΒ͸Ͱ̺ͳͯͰͽͳ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ;8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
*$*%)–*OUFSOBUJPOBM
$MBTJGJDBUJPOPG*NQBJSNFOUT (FOFWB
3
̺ͳͯͰͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ ; ̀ͪ͵͹͸ ͹ ͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͹ ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ ͯͰͽͰͽͪ t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ Ͷͳͼͽ ͍͉͊͠ –
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͫͻ͹Βͳt͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͶͳͼͽ͉͊͠– ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͫͻ͹Βͳ
4
̺ͳͯͰͽͳ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ;̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔ;̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͼͪͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ
ͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵͉͊– ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͫͻ͹Β

̀ͪͫͻͪ͸ͪͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͪΒͰͳ ;΂Ͷͪ͸; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͯ͹͸ͰͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̽͹ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔ͈ͪͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷͪͫͻ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͽ;ͺͳ͹͸ͪͼ͸ͪͭ;ͪͺͻͳͶͪ

̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ
ͯͰͽͰͽͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ; Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͳ ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͹
ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͼͪͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳ
ΒͰ̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͵ͪͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͷͲͪ͵͹͸PͯBͬͼͽͬ;͵͹ΒͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱͼͽͪͽ;ͼͳͺͻͪͬͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͳͯͰ΁Ͱ
ͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹͌ͼͽͪͬ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ̀ͪ͵͹͸;͹Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ
ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͳ ͹͈͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ͷͲͪ͵͹͸; ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ̀ͪ͵͹͸;͹ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͯͳͼ
͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͼͪͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹̀ͪ͵͹͸;͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͳ̀ͪ͵͹͸;͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ
ͷͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ
́͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪt͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪͯͰ΁Ͱͼͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͳ;͵;ͺ
͸ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪΒ;
ͱͳ͉ͪͯͳͼͰ͹͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͳͬͪΔ;΀;ͷͪ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͲͪͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰͯΒͰ΁Ͱͼͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯΒͰΓͰΔͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻ;΂͸ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹;͵Γ;΂ͳ
ͬͪΔ;͹ͬͰͯΒͰ΁Ͱ;΁ΒͰͶ͹͵;ͺͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽi ͊;ͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ11). ͌ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳ
ͬ͸͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;΂ͰΔͪ
ͳͺ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ;;ͼͶ͹
ͬͳͷͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ6
͈ͻͰͷͪ͌͸Ͱͼ͵; 7 tͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͳͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͼͬͳ΀
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͼͬͰͬͰΕͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͰ;;΂ͰΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳͼͬͰͷͪΔ;ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ;
͹͵ͬͳͻ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͳͲΔͰ͇ͭͪ͸͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͳ
ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͼͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͬͳͲͳΒ͹ͷ͵͹Βͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͼͬ;ͯͰ΁;͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸Ͱͯ͹ͫͳͳ;ͫͰΌͰ
ΔͰͷͯͪΒͰͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸Ͳͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱi 6/&4$0

͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪΒͰͼͽͰtͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͯͰͽͰͽ;ͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ
ͳͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͯͰͽͰͽ͇ͪͬͪ͵ͬ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͷͪͯͰͽͰͽͪͯͪͳͷͪͺͻͳͼ
ͽ;ͺ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;͵͹ΒͰΒͰ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸͹͸ͪΔͰͭͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͼͰͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰi ̓͹ͻͯͳΕ ͼͽͻ

́͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹͸͹ͬ͹ͭͯͪͽ;ͷͪͳ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͪΒͰͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͉ͪͯ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ9).
́͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ t͵ͪ͹͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͯͰͶ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͳͲͪ΃Ͷ͹
ͳͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ
ͯͰͽͰͽͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͶͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪͯͰ΁ͰͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹͸ͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͸ͪ ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
͈ͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷ͹ͷΒͰ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͪͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͪͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͳͷͰΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͪͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͶͳ΁ͪ
͹ͯͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͪ
6
͇ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͵ͪ͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͻ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͹ͼͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͳ
ͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸͹;΂ͰΔͰͳͼͪͷ͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
7
͌͸Ͱͼ͵͹ͬͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ;͊ͪͶͪͷͪ͸͵ͳ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ
ͯͪͼͰͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͰ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ

ͬ͹Β;;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪ
ͳ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͼͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ ͻͪͼͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼͷͰͽΔͳͳͽͯi ̓ͪͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͌͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵;ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪΕͰͷ͹ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ͻͪͲ
ͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͯͰ΁ͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͰ΁ͳͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͵͹Βͪͼ; Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͰ ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͪ
;ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹Βͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͻͰͯΔͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ
͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ ̀;ͫͳ͸͈͹ͽ͹͵ͳ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΈͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ
ΔͰͷͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͱͰͶͰͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͪͲ͸ͪͽͳͯͪͶͳΒͰͳ;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͪͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ
ͯͰ΁Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͯͰ΁ͳ ͼͪ ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͈͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͯͪ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͷ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ
ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͳͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͽ͹͵͹ͷͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͬͪ͸ΔͰͭͪ ͪͶͳ
ͳͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͺͻ;ͱͰͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪͳͺ͹͵ͪͱͰͰͷͺͪͽͳΒͪ
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͷͪ͸͵ͰͽͰ ͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽΒͰ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵͌Ͳ͹
ͻͪ͵ ΒͰ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͹ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͰͯͷ͹ͭͳ ͹ͼͷ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪͳͺͻͬ͹ͭͳ
ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ ̀;ͫͳ͸
͈͹ͽ͹͵ͳ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ ;Ͳͻͪͼͽͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͌Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͭͻ;ͺͰ ͺͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹
;Ͳ͹ͻ͵͹ͷ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹
– ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͰͯͷ͹ͭͳ͹ͼͷ͹ͭ
ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ
ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪͼͻͰͯΔͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͬ͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ

– ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̀;ͫͳ͸͈͹ͽ͹͵ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͰͯͷ͹ͭͳ͹ͼͷ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ

ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪͼͻͰͯΔͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͬ͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ

– ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͰͯͷ͹ͭͳ͹ͼͷ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ
ͳ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪͼͻͰͯΔͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͬ͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ

– ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͰͯͷ͹ͭͳ͹ͼͷ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ
ͳΒͰͯ
͸ͪͼͻͰͯΔͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͬ͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ–ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͶͰͯͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͯͰ͹ ͹ͫͳͷ͸ͳΒͰͭ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ
ͯͰ΁ͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͰ΁ͳͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ Ͳͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪΕͰͷ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷͪͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽͳ΂;
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͳͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;;ͽͪͫͰͶͳͺͻͳ
͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt̽ͪͶͳͼͰͽͳͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹͹ͯͽͬ͹Βͳ΀ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͬͪͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͪͻͳ΁ͪ
ͯͻ;ͱͳͼͪͯͰͽͰͽ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪͼͷͰͽΔͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; i͈ͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ

͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͺ͹ͽͬͻͯ͸͹͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ΒͰͳͺͻ͹
΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ΒͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ


͋ͪͫͰͶͪ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪͿͻͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ̽ͪͶͳͼͰͽͳͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹
͹ͯͽͬ͹Βͳ΀ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͬͪͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͪͻͳ΁ͪͯͻ;ͱͳͼͪͯͰͽͰͽ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪͼͷͰͽΔͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
̽ͪͶͳͼͰͽͳͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹͹ͯͽͬ͹Βͳ΀ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͬͪ
͆ͳͼͪͷ
ͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͪͻͳ΁ͪͯͻ;ͱͳͼͪͯͰͽͰͽ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪ ̽ͪ ͆Ͱ
ͼͳͭ;ͻͪ͸͸ͪ
ͼͷͰͽΔͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
18,4% 31%
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͼͪͻͪͯΔ;͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͺͳͽͪΔͰt̽ͪͶͳͫͳͯͰͽͰͽ;ͼͪ
ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͪ͹Ͷͪ ͯͪ Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱ ͼͪͬͶͪͯͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͭͻͪͯͳͬ͹ ͳ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ ; ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳͷ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ i ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯͪΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁ͪͳ
ͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͵͹ͯ ͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁ͪ
͸Ͱͷͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͵͹ͯͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹Ͳͪ͸ͰͷͪͻΓͳͬͳ΀ ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͷ͹ͳ͸ͳͲͪ͵ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͹͸ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͵͹ͯͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁ͪͳ
͵͹ͯͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͪ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪͿͻͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ̽ͪͶͳͫͳͯͰͽͰͽ;ͼͪ
ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͶͪͯͪͶͪ͵΃ͰͼͪͬͶͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͳͬ͹ͳ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳͷ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ

̽ͪͶͳͫͳͯͰͽͰͽ;ͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͶͪͯͪͶͪ͵΃ͰͼͪͬͶͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͆ͳͼͪͷ
̽ͪ ͆Ͱ
ͭͻͪͯͳͬ͹ͳ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͳͭ;ͻͪ͸͸ͪ
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̽Ͱͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁Ͱ 94,8% 0
̽Ͱ΂ͪ΁ͳ 80% 2,4% 17,4%

͆ͪͯͪΓͰ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͰͷͺͪͽͳΒ;ͽͰͼͽͳͻͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͳͺͻͰ͵͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰt̸͵͹ͼͳͺͻͳͷͰͽͳ͹ͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͰͽͰͽ;ͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰ
ͻͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ ΃ͽͪͼͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰ͹;ͽ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ í;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͳ͵ͪ
Ͳͪ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ ͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁ͪͳ ͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͪ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͰ͹
͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͫͪͺͻͰͷͪͯͰͽͰͽ;ͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸ͳͱͳͺͻ͹
΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ ͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͪ ; ͳͼͽ͹Β ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͪͳͶͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ΃͵͹ͶͰ́ͺͪ͵ ͲͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳΒͰͬͳͼ͹͵ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳ;͹ͬ͹Βͼͳͽ;
ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͫͳ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͶͳ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹ͬͰΕͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͳͼͽͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹
ͬ͹ͻͪ͵͹ͯͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁ͪ
ͽͪͫͰͶͪ


͋ͪͫͰͶͪ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪͿͻͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ̸͵͹ͼͳͺͻͳͷͰͽͳ͹ͯͪ
ͼͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͰͽͰͽ;ͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ ΃ͽͪͼͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰ͹;
ͽ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̸͵͹ͼͳͺͻͳͷͰͽͳ͹ͯͪͼͰ
͇ͫͪͬͰͼͽͳ͹
ͺͻͰͷͪͯͰͽͰͽ;ͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ
ͼͪͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ ͆ͳ΃ͽͪ
;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ͸Ͱͺ ͇ͫͪͬͰͼͽͳ͹ ͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹
͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ ͸ͳͼͪͷͺͻͰͯ;
ͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ ΃ͽͪͼͳ ͼͪͷͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͰ ͯͻ;ͭ͹
ͭͪ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͲͰ͹Ͷͪ
ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰ͹;ͽ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ
΃͵͹ͶͰ
͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̽Ͱͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁Ͱ 32,9% 36,8%
̽Ͱ΂ͪ΁ͳ 22,8% 29,1% 22,8%
́ͺͪ͵ ͹΀ͻͪͫͻ;Β;ΕͰͬͰͼͽͳͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽͪͫͳͺͻͰͯ;-
ͲͰͶͳ ; ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵ͪͯͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͽͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͯͰͽͰͽ; ͼͪ ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͸Ͱ͵͹ ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸͹
ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ ͳͲ͸Ͱͽͳ;͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳt͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹i
ͳͭͶͪͼͰ̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ͫͳ΀ͽ;͹ͼ͹ͫ;ͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ
ͺͳͽͪ͹ ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ΔͰͷ; ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸͹ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ ͳ ͺͻͳΒͪͬͳ͹ ͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͼͽͪͻͰ΃ͳ͸ͳ ̀ͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ͹
ͫͳ΀ͭͪͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳ͹͇ͫͪͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͫͳ΀͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͰͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͰ͇ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͶͪͫͳ΀ͯͪͽ͹͸ͰͼͷͰ
ͯͪͻͪͯͳ ΒͰͻͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͶͰͺ͹ ̀ͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ͹ͫͳ΀ͭͪͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳ͹͹ͯ͸ͪͺͪͯͪ΂ͪͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹͹͸͸Ͱͫͳͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪ
ͼͰ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳ ͇ͫͪͬͰͼͽͳͶͪͼͪͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͬͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͷͪΔͰͷ;͸Ͱͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΒ;ͽͪ͵͹ ͪͶͳͷͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͶ;΃ͪͶͳ
͇ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳͶͪͫͳ΀͈ͭͪͻͳΒͪͬͳ͹ͫͳ΀͵͹ͯ ͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͽͪͻͰ΃ͳ͸ͰͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͺͪͼͬͰ ͵;Εͳͳͼͺͻͳ΂ͪ͹
ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳͷͪ͊͵ͻͰ͸;͹ͫͳ΀ͺͪͱΔ;ͽ͹ͷͶͳ͵;΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃͈ͪͻͳ΃ͪ͹ͫͳ΀ͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ
͸ͳ͹ΒͰ͈͹͵;΃ͪ͹ͫͳ΀ͯͪͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͷͽ͹͸ͪͼͳΓͰ͈͹͵;΃ͪ͹ͫͳ΀ͯͪΒͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͷ͇ͫͪͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͫͳ΀͸Ͱ͵;
ͼͽͪͻͳΒ;͹ͼ͹ͫ;͈͹Ͳͬͪ͹ͫͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒ;͉Ͱ͵Ͷͪͫͳ΀ͳͷͯͪͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Βͪͺ͹ͼͶͪͳͯͪͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸; ͪͯͰͽͰ
ͫͳ΀ ͹ͯͬͰͶͪ ͵͹ͯ ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ ͳ ͳͼͺͻͳ΂ͪͶͪ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͈ͻͳ΃ͪ͹ ͫͳ΀ ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ;ͬͻͰͯͳͶͪ ͯͻ;ͭ; ͳ
ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͶͰͺ͹ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ;ͻͪͯͳͶͪͳͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͬͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͯͪ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪ
ΕͪͺͪͱΔ;
͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ
ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͬͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͹ͯ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͪͯ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵
ͽ͹ͻͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ t̽ͪͶͳͼͷͪͽͻͪ΃ͯͪͫͳͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͯͰͽͰͽͪͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
;ͽͬ͹ͷ ͹ͯͰΓͰΔ;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͶ͹ ͬͰΕ; ͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ i ͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ΃͵͹Ͷͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͬͰ͹ͷͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹͹ͯͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳͲ͸ͰͽͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ͌ͼͬͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸Ͱ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵͹ͷ
ͳͼͽͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯ ͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͯͰͽͰͽͪ ͼͪ ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͬͰΕ;ͺͪͱΔ;ͳͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵͈ͪ͹ͽͬͻͯ͸ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͵ͻͰΕ;ͼͰ͹ͯ ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β
΃͵͹Ͷͳ ;̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ; ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ;̀;ͫͳ͸͹ͷ͈͹ͽ͹͵; ͯ͹ ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ;
̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸;͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ
ͶͪͲͳͽͻͰΕͳ͸;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶͪ͸ΒͰ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ;̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸; ͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͪ͸ͪΒ͸ͳ
ͱͳ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ;̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ; ͭͯͰͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪͿͻͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ̽ͪͶͳͼͷͪͽͻͪ΃ͯͪͫͳ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͯͰͽͰͽͪͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;;ͽͬ͹ͷ͹ͯͰΓͰΔ;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͶ͹ͬͰΕ;ͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͈ͻͰͷͪ΃͵͹Ͷͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̽ͪͶͳͼͷͪͽͻͪ΃ͯͪͫͳͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͯͰͽͰͽͪͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;;ͽͬ͹ͷ͹ͯͰΓͰΔ;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͶ͹ͬͰΕ;ͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ ̽ͪ ͆Ͱ
͸ͳ͵ͪ ͈ͻͰͷͪ΃͵͹Ͷͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͇͑;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ 80% 20%

͇͑;̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸; 76,7% 23,3%
͇͑;̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ; 14,3%
͇͑;̀;ͫͳ͸͹ͷ͈͹ͽ͹͵; 90% 10%
͊͑;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ 83,3% 16,7%
͊͑;̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸; 24,1%
͊͑;̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ; 96,7% 3,3%
͊͑;̀;ͫͳ͸͹ͷ͈͹ͽ͹͵; 77,4% 22,6%
̸̸͇͌̾͊͋̀̓͌͐̓͡ͅ
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷͬͻ΃Δͪ΂͵Ͱͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰ΁ͰͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͻͰͯ
Δͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;͵ͪͲͪͶͳͼͷ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳ
ΒͰ͸Ͱ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ͼͪ ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ; ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪ-Ͳ͹ͬ͸ͳ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷ
̽Ͱ΁ͪ ͼͪ ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͼ; ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸ͪ ; ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͵͹Βͳ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪ-
ͻͼͽͬ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͼͰͬͰͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ ̀;ͫͳ͸͈͹ͽ͹͵ ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ
͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͰ΁ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͯͰ΁ͳ ͼͪ
ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;ͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͬͳͼ͹͵͸ͳͬ͹ͬͻ΃
Δͪ΂͵Ͱͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳͬͳ΃ͰͺͪͱΔͰͰͯ;͵ͪ
΁ͳΒͳ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͬͳ΀ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͸ͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ ͸ͪͯͪΔͳͷͪ ͳ ͹΂Ͱ-
͵ͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ͼͪ ͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ̹;ͯ;Εͪ Ͱͯ;͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͫͳ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶͪ ͫ͹Γ; ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ-
ͼͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͺͻ;ͱͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ ͰͷͺͪͽͳΒ; ͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ ͼ
΁ͳΓͰͷͺ͹ͽͺ;͸Ͱͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͰͯͰ΁ͰͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;;ͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̹ͪͭͬͪͽͳ ͠

͌͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵

̺;͵͹ͽͳΕ ̺ͳͯͻ ;ͻ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ–
͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ̺ ͺͻͳͻ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͳͽͳͶͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͬ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ̺ ͣͳͻͳΕ ͠ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͌
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ Ͳͪ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ̾
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ– ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵;ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͪ͹ͼͬͻͽ͹ͷ͸̹ͪ͹ͼ͸;ͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸; Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ–
̹ͪΔͪ
̈́;͵ͪ– ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ ̽ͰͿͰ͸ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ
Despouy, L. (2001). ͡;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪͳͶͳ΁ͪͼͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽ
ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͈ͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷͫͻ͹Β
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͲͯͻͪͬΓ;ͯͰ΁ͰͳͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͼͪͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽͳͷͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀
ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ
̹;͵;ͻͰ΃ͽ͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͪͲͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̀ͪ͵͹͸ ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ Ͳͪ ͻͪͯ Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͳ ͫ͹ͻͪ΂͵ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
̀ͪ͵͹͸͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ;ͳ͸ͪ;͵;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͼͪͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
̀ͪ͵͹͸ ͹ ͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͹ ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ ͯͰͽͰͽͪ t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ Ͷͳͼͽ ͍͉͊͠ – ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ
;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͫͻ͹Βͳt͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͶͳͼͽ͉͊͠– ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͫͻͳ
̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔ;̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪͼͪͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵͉͊–
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͫͻ͹Β
̓ͪͻͳΕ ͋ ͅͳ΀ͳΕ ̺ ̓͹ͻͯͪ ͅ
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͪͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ͹ͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪ
Ͳ͹ͬͪΔ;ͯͰ΁ͰͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ;͈ͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͪͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
–
̓͹ͻͯͳΕ ͅͳͯͻ
́͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͱͰΓͰͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͆͹ͬͳ͈͊ͪͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ͹ͷͫ;ͯͼͷͪ͸
̸;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ ͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ̺͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ www.ombudsmanapv.org >ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ .
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ͪͅͽͳΒͰͬͳΕ ̽ͳͯͻ
̽Ͱ΁ͳΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͳ, ͺͻͳͻ;΂͸ͳ͵Ͳͪͻͪͯ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ
ͯͰ΁ͰͼͪͼͷͰͽΔͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̻ͪͯͻͪͯͼ͵ͳͲͪͬ͹ͯͲͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ
͇ͼͶ͹͸΁ͳͳͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰͲͪͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͰͬͪͶ;ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͽͰͼ
ͽͳͻͪΔͪͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
͈͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͳͲͪ͵͹͸͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ.
͈͹ͽ͵͹Δͪ͵ ͆ͳ͑ͳͷͶͰ΃ͪ ͈
͈Ͱͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͪͰ͸΁ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͯͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ

͈ͻͪͬͳͶ͸ͳ͵͹ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹Β͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹Β ͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͹Βͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Βͺ͹ͯͻ΃΁ͳͯͰͽͰͽ;ͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵;ͅͳ͸ͳͼ
ͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ;ͳ͸ͪ;͵;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͈ͻͪͬͳͶ͸ͳ͵͹ͫͶͳͱͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͲͪͺͻ;ͱͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ;ͭͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪ
ͻͪͯ Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͳͫ͹ͻͪ΂͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͉ͪͯ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̽
͌ ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒͳ – ͯͳͶͰͷͰ; ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ Ͳͪ
ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;Ͱͯ;͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͻͰ΀ͪͫͳͶͳͽͪ΁ͳΒ;
Ritzer, G. (2003). ͈ͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͭͻ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪ ;
4PDJPMPHJDBM 5IFPSZ 4FQUFNCFS, American Sociological Association. 1307 New York Avenue
/8 8BTIJOHUPO %$-̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQTXXXGGTUVOJTUIS@EPXOMPBESFQPTJUPSZ3Jt-
zer_Promisljanje_globalizacije.pdf >ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹@
͊͹ͬͪ͵ ͅ
͊ͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͺͰͯͪͭͳ͵̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ– ͋ͳͽ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊̽͏̻
͊ͽ͹ΒͳΕ ͋ͳͯͻ ͺͻ

̺͹ͯͳ΂Ͳͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͍ͪͯ͹͸ͯͲͪ
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
͊;ͲͳΕ ͆
͌ͬ͹ͯ;ͳ͸͵Ͷ;ͲͳΒ;̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵ͪ
4DIBMJDL 80
)JTUPSZPGEJTBCJMJUZ"ODJFOU8FTU Enciklopedy of disability, SAGE Publications.
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttp.www.sage-FSFGFSFODFDPNEJTBCJMJUZBSUJDMF@OIUNM
UNESCO Salamanka Conference 1994.
8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO
*$*%)– International Clasification of Impairments, Geneva.
*7"/"3.*-04"7-+&7*ſ
40-*%"3*5:*/5)&(-0#"-*;*/(40$*&5:¢
5)&"$$&15"/$&0'$)*-%3&/8*5)%*4"#*-*5*&4*/5)&&%6$"5*0/"-
4:45&.*/,04070"/%.&50)*+"

SUMMARY
This paper presents an empirical study of attitudes of typically developed children towards children with
disabilities who are in the process of inclusion in educational system that the Republic of Serbia implements
in primary and secondary schools in the municipalities of Kosovska MitroWJDB ;WFǁBO ;VCJO1PUPLBOE
-FQPTBWJǀ8JUIUIFBOBMZTJTPGBUUJUVEFTXFXBOUFEUPGJOEPVUXIFUIFSBOEUPXIBUFYUFOUUIFSFJTUIFEJs-
tance of typically developed children towards children with disabilities, the existence of willingness to coop-
erate and solidarity during the educational process, as well as outside of it, but also willingness to provide
assistance, support and demonstrate empathy. The research was conducted using the survey, and a question-
naire was used as an instrument. The sample included 240 respondents of the seventh and eighth grades of
primary school and of the first and second grades of secondary schools in the municipalities of Kosovska
.JUSPWJDB ;WFǁBO ;VCJO1PUPLBOE-FQPTBWJǀ
,&:803%4 inclusion, children with disabilities, typically developed children, general educational sys-
tem, Kosovo and Metohija.

327.2:172
37.017
37.035
̸̹͇͇̺̺͌́͆̓́̈́͊̾́ͣ͡͡ͅͅ1
̽Ͱͺͪͻͽͷͪ͸Ͳͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
̸͆͏̸̸͇͇̺͉͇́͆̈́͆́͌͆́̾̀̈́͆
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͑ͽͪΒͰͺͻͰͳͶͳͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ;͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔ;͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔ;ͼͬͰͽͪ ͺͪͳ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͫͳΕͪ– ͯͪͶͳΒͰͽ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͶͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳͷͳͼͶͳ͹΁ͳͅ͹͸
ͽͰͼ͵ΒͰͳ̽ͰͅͰͼͽͻ͹ͺͻͰ΂͸͹ͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͈ͻͬͳΒͰͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͪΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͬ͹ͳ
͸;ͱ͸͹ ͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͲͼͪͼͬͳͷΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹̽ͻ;ͭͳͺͪ͵ͬͰͶͳͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͻͰ͹ ͬͰΕ
ͼͪͷ͹͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͲͰ ́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸Ͱ ͉;ͼͰ͇ͬ͹ͼ;ͯͬͪͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͻͪͼͽͪͻͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳΒͪ
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͿͰͻͳͻͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ Ͳͪ΂ͳͷͼͶͰͯͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵
ͬͰ͸΁Ͱ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
̸;ͽ͹ͻ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͻͰ΃ͳͬͪ͵͹ͼͰ;ͷͰͼͽ͹Ϳͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͻͪͭͪͲͪ
ͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷ ΀ͪͻͷ͹͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ͷͰͻ͹ͷ ͹͸ͪ͵͹͵ͪ͵͹ ͼ; ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͼͽͪͻ͹ͭͻ΂͵ͳ;ͷ͹ͬͳ͠ͰͻͫͰͲ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͫͳΕͰΕͰ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ͹ͫͰͲͶͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͫͰͲ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ Ͷͳ΃ͳΕͰͼͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ
͌ͻͪͯ;ΕͰͫͳͽͳͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸;ͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭ;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ; ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹
ͷͻͱΔͰͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͷͰͻͪ
́ͲͭͻͪͯΔ̺ͪͪͬͳͶ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵;ͶͰͯ͹ͬͰͶͪ͸ͪͼΒͰ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸;ͫͶͳͲͳ͸;ͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͪ͆ͪͼͻͰΕ;
̹͹ͭͼͰ;ͷͰ΃ͪ͹ ͻͪͲͬͰΒͪ͹ΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱͳͺ͹ͼͰΒͪ͹Ͳͫͻ͵;ͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳͷͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͻͪͼͺͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͲͳ͵ͪΒͰ͸ͰͼͻͰΕͪ
ͼͪͷ͹ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͼͷͳͼͶͪͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͼͪͷ͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ
ͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͫͰͼ͵ͳͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ–;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸͹Βͫ͹ͱΒ͹Β͸ͪͷͰͻͳͯͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͳΓ;ͯͰ ͪͶͳ
͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ ͅ͹ͱͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹Ͷ;͵ͪͬͼͽͬ͹͊ͬͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͭ
̿ͪ͸̹͹ͯͻͳΒͪͻ
̀ͪͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ͼͬͰͽtͼͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸i͹ͯͫͰͼ͵ͻͪΒ͸Ͱͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͳͶͳ͹ͯͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳ΀ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ
Β͹΃ͭ͹ͻͰ ͹ͯͼͪͷͰͺ;ͼͽͳΔͰ– Ͳͪͻ͹͸͸Ͱͫͳͫͳ͹;ͼͬͪͽͻͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͪͫͰͼ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͺ;ͼͽ ͷ͹͸͹ͽ͹͸ ͯ͹ͼͪ
ͯͪ͸ ̈́ͰͺΒͰ͹ͬͪΒͼͬͰͽ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͳͼͪ͹΂ͳ͵ͪ͠͹ͬͪ̀ͷͪΒ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰt͹ͬͯͰͺ͹ͽ͹͵͹͸ͯͰ΁ͬͰͽi ͶͰͺΒͰ͹ͯ
1
ljubinko.milosavljevic@filfak.ni.ac.rs
549
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ΂ͪ͵ͳ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͬͪͷͼͰͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͼ;ͼͻͰͽ͸Ͱͼͪͼ;ͻͳͷͼͽͰ͸ͪͷͪ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͺͶͪ͸ͳ
͸ͪ ͌ ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͷ ΒͰͯ͸͹Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͳ ͯ͹ͼͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͳ Γ;ͯͳ ͫͳ ͺ͹ ͼͬ͹Β ͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Ͷͳ΂͸ͳͳͯ͹ͼͪΌ;Β;ΕͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳͼͬͰΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͶͳͫͳͼͬͳͫͳͶͳ͹ͯͬͳ΃ͰͶͰͺͳ
ͳͶͳ Β͹΃ͭ͹ͻͰ ͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱͻ;ͱ͸ͳ̹ͳͶ͹ΒͰ;ͽͰ͹ͯͳ΁ͰΒͪͷͪ;΂ͰΔͪͯͪΒͰͽͬ͹ͻͪ΁ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ͹ͯ
ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀ͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͪͫͪ΃Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͹͸ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ ͼ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͺͪΒͰ Γ;ͯͳͷͪͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͰ͸͹ͯͪͳ΀
͹ͽ͵ͶͪΔͪΒ;͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͵͹ΒͪͳͷΒͰͽͳͷͰͯͪͽͪ ͪͷ͹ͭͶͪΒͰͫͳͽͳ;ͼ͵ͻͪΕͰ͸ͪͻͪͯͳͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ΒͰ
ͳ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸Ͱ͸ͪͯ͹͵͸ͪͯͳͬͯͪͻ
͇ͬ͹ΒͰͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͪ ͬͰͻ;ΒͰͷ ͹ͯͫ͹Β͸ͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ΀͹ΕͰͯͪ;΂ͳ͸ͳͼͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͯͪͼͰ
ͼͬͰ ͺ͹ͻͪͬ͸ͪ ;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͫͰͲͶͳ΂ͳ ͳ ;͸ͳͿͳ΁ͳͻͪ ͯͪ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽ; ͱͳͬͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͽͰ͵
ͳͲͪ΃ͪ͹ͳͲ͈ͻ͹͵ͻ;ͼͽ͹ͬͰͺ͹ͼͽͰΓͰ ͹ͫ͹ͭͪΓͰ͸ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷͷ͹ͯͪ
ͷͪ ;Ͳ ͸ͰͼͰͫͳ΂͸; ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵; ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ t΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͰͽͪ͵ͪi ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; Ͳͪ ͪͅͻ΃ͪͶͪ
ͪͅ͵Ͷ;ͪ͸ͪͫͳͶͳͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͰ ͪͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ̹͹ͯͻͳΒͪͻ
͆Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ ΂;ͯͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓ͳ͸ͰͲͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͊ͰͬͰͻ͸͹͵͹ͻͰΒͪ΁ͪ ͪ ;ͽ͹ͷ
΂;ΌͰΔ;ͺͻͰͬͳΌͪͷ͹ͯͪͳͼͪͷͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͷ͹;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͯ͹ͯ;΃ͰͷͪͶ͹΃ͪͻ͹Ͷͳ͵ͳΒͰ͈ͻͳͼͰͽͳͷ͹ͼͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͫͳͶͰͶͰͺͰͳͽ͹ͺͶͰ΃ͪͻͰͳͫ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͯͰΕͳ͵͹Β͹ͷͼ;ͼͰ͵ͳͽͳͶͳ͸ͪ΃ͳͬͰΕͯͪͶͰ͵ͳͺͻͰ
΁ͳ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͷ͹ͭ;ͬͳͯͰͽͳͼͪͷ͹;ͷ;ͲͰΒͳͷͪ͐͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͯ;΀ͳͯ;΃ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͳ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶͳͼ;ͼͰͼͺ͹Γͪ͸ͪΔ͹ΒͳͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͼͪͶͳ͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽͳ΀ͽ͵ͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͳͫ͹Βͪͷ͹ͭͶ͹
ͼͰͲ͸ͪͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹ ͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͳ΃ͽ͹΃ͽͪͯͻ;ͭ͹͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͰ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ;
ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͹͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͶͳ΁;ͳͷͪͶͳ͹ͼͷͰ΀ ΒͰͻͼ;Ͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͱͳͬͰͳ;ͷͰͶͳͼ;ͯͪͼͰͱͳͬ͹
ͽ;ͻͪͯ;Β;
͈͹ͽ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͶ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳ ;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͲͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͬͰͭͪͳͼͬͪ΂Ͱͭͪ͊ͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͳͲͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬͳͳ΂ͪ͵͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ͺ͹΂Ͱ
Ͷͳͯͪ͸ͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͶͪͲͰ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͯͪͭͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵;Β;͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ
ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͼ;ͯͪͼͰͲͪ͵ͳͯͪΒ;ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͳ ͪΓ;ͯͳͷͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͑ͽͪ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ ΒͰͯ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͳͼͷͰͬͪͶͳͯͻ;ͭͰͲͫ͹ͭͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;
Εͳͽ͹Ͳͪͪ͸ͪ΀ͻ͹͸;ͺ͹΃ͪͼͽ͌ͼͽͪͼ;ͳͷͫͳͶͪͺ;͸ͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͺ͹΀ͬͪͶͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͋͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶͪ ͵Γ;΂͸͹ͷ ͻͰ΂ͳ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͪͶͳ ΒͰ
͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͽͳͫͳͬͪͶͪͼͬͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳΒͪ
́;ͼͿͰͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͬͳͯ͹ͬͪͽͰ΀͸͹ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͠͹΃ΒͰ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ
Ͷ͹΃Ͱͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͬ͹Ε͸ͳͺͶ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͳͽͰͱͳ͸ͳͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͳͼͽͳ ͪͶͳͽ͹͸ͪͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͬͪͱͳͳͲͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ͹ͷͲͪͼͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͽͰͱͳͼͰ
ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔ; ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͽͳ ͈͹ͺͻͪͬΓͪ΂ͳ ̹͹ͱΒͰͭ ͯͰͶͪ ͻͪͬ͸ͪͽͰΓͳ ΀͹ΕͰ ͯͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪ
ͷͰͼͽ͹ Γ;ͯͳ ͺͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͪ ͼ ͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͹ ͯ͹ͫͻͳͷ ͵ͪ;ͫ͹Βͳͷͪ ͳ
ͲͶͳͷ́͸ͯͳΒͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬͳΒͳ΀
̺ͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͺͻͪͽͰ ͳͲͻͳ΂ͳͽͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͳ ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ ; ͼͽͪͶ͸͹Β
ͷͰ͸ͳ
΃ͽ͹ͫͳ͹͸ͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͯͪ ͳͽ͹;͹ͺ΃ͽ͹Β΀ͪͶͪ
ͫ;΁ͳ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ͆ͪΒͭ͹ͻͰ͹ͯͼͬͰͭͪΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͺͻͳͷͪͷΓͳͬ͹ͳ͸ͼͳ
ͼͽͳͻͪΔͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͋ͳͷͰΒͰͺͻͳͭͻͪͫΓͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͼ;ͯͳͳͺͻͰͼ;Ό;ΒͰ
550
̸̹͇͇̺̺͌́͆̓́̈́͊̾́ͣ͡͡ͅͅ: ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹
ͼͬͳͷͪ ͳ ͼͬͪ΂Ͱͷ; ͳ ͽ͹ ͺ͹ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪ ́Ͳ͸ͪͯ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ΒͰ
͸ͪ΃Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱͷ͹ ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪΒͰͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͽ͹ͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;̹Ͱͼͺͻͪͬͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͽͪ͵
ͬ͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰͬͰΕ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͼͰ͹͸͹ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪͽͳ ΃ͽ͹͹͸ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
͵ͪͻͳ͵ͪͽ;ͻͪͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ́Ͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͷ͹ΕͳͻͪΌͪͼͰ͹ͫͰͲΓ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔ
͹ͯ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͫͰͲͯ;΃͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͲͶ͹ͼ;;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͼͪͭͶͪͼΒ;
̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͬͰͽ͹Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ
̸̸̸͈͉͇̹̺͉̻͇̺͇͍̈́̾͌͆́̾̀̈́́́̾̾̽́́̓͢͠ͅͅ͏́̾͠
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳΒͪΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͼͽͪͻͳ΀ ͸ͰͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͰͻͰ΃ͳͬͳ΀ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹
ͫͶͰͷͪ͆ͪͼͽͪ͹Β͹΃̸ͻͳͼͽ͹ͽͰͶ͹ͬ͹ͷ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͷ͈Ͷͪͽ͹͸͹ͬͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͯͰΒͪ ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΒͰͬͪͼ͵ͻͼͪ͹
ͳͻͰ΃ͪͬͪ͹ͼͰ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͬͰ͵ͪ͌Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ
ͶͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͳͶͳ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͽͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰ ͼͶͰͯͳͶͰͼ;
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁Ͱ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰ͸ͪΒͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸ͳΒͪͫͳͶͪͻͪͲͶ͹ͱ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͰͲͪΒͰͻͰͼ
͌ͯ͹ͫͪͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬΓͪͶ͹͹ͽͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͿͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷͪ ͪͶͳ
ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳΒͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͹ ; ͺͳͽͪΔͰ – ΃ͽͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͬ͹ ͳ ͸;ͱ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ Ͷͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵
;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͽͬ͹ͻͰ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͷ͹ ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͷ
͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹͹΃ͽͻͳ΀Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͳͷ͈ͪͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͅ͹͸ͽͰͼ͵ΒͰͳͲΒͪ΃
Δͪͬͪ͹ ͼͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͸;ͱ͸͹ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;Ͳ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͯͪ ͷ; ΒͰ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ
ͪ͵΁ͳͯͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬ͹͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬͪ΁̿͹ͲͰͿͯͰͅͰͼͽͻ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͍ͻͪ͸΁;Ͳ Ͳͪ;ͲͰ
ΕͰ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰ̹ͻͪ͸ͳΕͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ ΒͰͻͷ;ΒͰͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͪͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳͶͪ
ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͳͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͳͭͯͰ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͬͳͯͰ͹͸ͳͼͻͰ͹ ͬͰΕͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ
΂͸ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͫͳΕͪ
́͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽ͹ͻͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂ͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ͵͹ͯ͆Ͱͷͪ΁ͪͳ͹ͽͪ΁Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ
ͷͪ ̻͹ͽͿͻͳ͎ͯͰͻͯͰͻ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ̻Ͷͪͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ;ͺͰͼͷͪͷͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ΒͰͼͰͫͰͺͻͬ͹
͆Ͱͷ΁Ͱͷ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪͼͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͫͳΕͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪΔͪͳͬͪͼͺͳ
ͽͪΔͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͪͷ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͳ;ͼͬͪΒͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͲͬͪͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͹ͷ
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳͼ;Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͯͬͪͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸ͪͷͳͼͪ͹͸ͪͼͷͰͻͪͳͻͪͲ;
ͷͰͬͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪͷ͹ͱͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳͯͻ;ͭͯͰͬͰΕ;͹ͼͰΕͪΔͳͷͪͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͺ͹͹͸͹ͷ
͍ͳ΀ͽͰ͹ͬ͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͶ;ͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͫͳͻͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒ;ͺͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ͵ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹
ͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͳͷͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ͸ͪͯ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͼ;ͺͼͽͻͪͽ ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͷͪΔͰͳͶͳ
ͬͰΕͰ͸ͰͱͰΓͰ͸͹͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ͹ͯͽͰͳͯͰͪͶ͸Ͱͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸Ͱͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͯͪͼͰ͹͸͹ͷ͹ͱͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͽͳͳ
͵ͪ͹ͼ͵;ͺ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵͹Β͵;ͭͶͳ ͻͪͲͬͻͼͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯͪ΂͵ͳͷ ͻͪͼ͸ͳͷͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷ
͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪ͊ͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͻͰͪͶͳͼͽͪͳ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͪͼͪͯͪΕͰͼͰͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͽͳͽͳ;ͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͰͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͰ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͽ͹͵ ͵͹ΒͰΕͰ;ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪͲͪͼͽ;
ͺͪͽͳ ͽͲͬ Ͷͳ͸Ͱͪͻͳͼͽͳ ͳ ΁ͳ͵Ͷͳͼͽͳ ͪ ; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͫ͹ͻͫͪͷͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ ͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳͳ΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͼͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳͳͪ͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ
551
͊ͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪͷͳͼͪ͹͸ͪͫ͹ͻͫͪΕͰ ͼͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬΓͪ ͺͻͰ͸ͰͽͳͼͽͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ͸ͪ ͿͳͶ͹
Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͽͰͻͰ͸ ͯͪͫͳͼͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͳͼͳ͸ͪͼͳ΃Ͷͪ;ͼͿͰͻ;ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͪͳͲΔͰ
;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ̸͵͹ΒͰ;ͼͻͰͯΔͰͷͬͰ͵;Ͳͪ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͳͲͭͶͰ
ͯ͸ͪͫͳͶͪ͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͪͲͪΒͰͻͰͼ ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ΂ͳΒ͹Βͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͼͰ͵ͪͱͰ– ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;͹ͯ
͹ͺ΃ͽͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ̀Ͷ͹͵͹ΒͰͳͷͼͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸΂ͳ͸ͳͳ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͲͶ͹ ͬͰΕͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ
Ͳͪͫ;ΌͰΔͰͯ͹ͫͻͪ;Δͳͷͪͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͰ̸͵͹ͼͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳͯͪͼ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͺͻͪͬΓͳͬͳ ͷ͹ͭ;;ͼͶͰ
ͯͳͽͳͳͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͰͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͰ
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͼͬͰͽ͹͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰͳͼͪ͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃ͰͼͰͫͳΒͰͯ͹ͯͰͶͳ͹̀ͪͺͪͯ ͵͹Βͳ΀͹ΕͰͯͪ͹ͯ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ΃ͪͻ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͸͹ͬͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ͯͪͼͬͰ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͹ͯ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͯ͹ͲͪͫͪͬͰͳͬͳͯ͹ͬͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪͻͪͯ͹ͼͽͳ͆ͰͲͪͺͪͯ
ͼͬͰͽ͹ͳͶͳͻͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͳͶͳͼͰ͹ͺͳͻͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͹ͯͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳ ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ
ͳ͸ͪ;ͱͪͼ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ
̓͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͬͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ΃ͽͪΒͰͺͻͬ͹ͳ͸;ͱ͸͹ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͳͶͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪ
ͫͳΕͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͼ;ͯͫ͹͸͹ͼ͸Ͱ͇ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͳ
ͺͻͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͫͳͶ͹ ͪͶͳΒͰͽͪΒ΁ͳΓͯͪ͸ͪͼ;͹΂ΓͳͬͳΒͳͲͫ͹ͭͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻ
ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬͰͽͪt̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͯͪͻ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰͳͯͻͱͪͬͰi ͅ
͊ͽͰͺͳΕ
Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵ΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͺͻͳͼ;ͽͪ͸ͳͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸ ͪͶͳͼ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͷͪΔͳ͹ͯ
͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ͭͪͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͳ͆ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼ; ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͼͬͰͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͪΔͳͷͪ
΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͳ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͬͪͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳ ;ͼͺͰͶͰͯͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸; ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͺ͹ͼͽͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͪ
ΔͰ ͼͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͬͶͪͯ͹ͷͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷ͵ͪ͹ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰ ͷ͹ͻͪΕͰͺ͹ͼͬ͹Β
ͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳͯͪͺͻͳ΂Ͱ͵ͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͆Ͱͫͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͯͪ͹͸ͪͫ;ͯ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͵ͪͽͪ͵ͶͳͲͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͪ
ΒͰͻͫͳͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪͫͳͶͪͺͻͰͬͳͼ͹͵ͪ
̸͆͏̸̸̸͇͇́͆̈́́̀́͆͋́̽͋́ͅ
͊ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͻ͹ΌͰ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ ͽͪͯͬͪ
ͯ;ͭ͹͸Ͱ;ͺͳͽ͸ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͪ͌ͼͽͪͻ͹ͷ͉ͳͷ;ͻͰ΂natio
ΒͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͶͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;Γ;ͯͳͳͼͽ͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ΂ͳΒͳͼͰͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͻ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ
ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͹ͷ̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼͰ͹ͯͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸Ͱͼ;ͯͫͳ͸Ͱͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹΂;ͯ͸͹ͭ ͷͪͶ͹ͪͺͼ;ͻͯ͸͹ͭ
;ͬͰͻͰΔͪͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͫͳͻ͇ͪͬ͹ͷͰͼ;ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͰ
ͺͻͰ͵͹͹͵Ͱͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ̸͊̽͵ͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͶͪt͹ͯͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽi ͪ
t;͸;ͽͪͻΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹i ͺͪΒͰ;ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͼͪ΂;ͬͪ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹͵͹ͯ΀ͳͿͰ͸ͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ̻Ͱͻͷͪ͸͹̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸͹̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͎ͳͼͺͪ͸͹̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ
̸Ϳͻ͹̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ
̺ͪͶͲͰͻ ͼͽͻ
̹ͻͪ΂͸ͰͬͰͲͰͷͰΌ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼ;;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͫͳͻͪ ͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͶͰΌ;ΒͰ
͈ͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͽͳ΁ͪΕͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͻͰ΂͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͲͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ
͸; ͵͹͸͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ΒͰ ͫͳ͹ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ ; ͯ͹ͼ͵͹ͻͪ ͵͹ͯ ͸ͪͼ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷ; ͪͶͳͳ ;͸Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷ;͋ͪ ͻͰ΂ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ
552
͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬ;͸ͰͱͰΓͰ͸;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͳͶͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͪΔͰ ͪͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͼͰ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
ͯͪͶͳͼͰΔ͹ͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͼͰ͸ͽͳͷͰ͸ͽ ͳͶͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ ̻̾ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ
͋ͳͷͰͼͰͳͲΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͬͳͷ
͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕ͹Β ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͷ ͹΀͹Ͷͳͷ
ͷͳͲͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͳͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳͼͽͻͰͷͳ͹ͫͻͪ΂;͸;ͼͯͻ;ͭ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;ΕͳͷͫͶͳͱΔͳ
ͷͪ͌ͽ͹ͷ͸ͰͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;ͻͰ΂ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͪΒͰͳ͵͹͸͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͷͰΌ;ͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸; ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ͳͲ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳ΃΂ͰͲͶͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰ΂ͳ ΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪ
͵͹͸͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͰ΂ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪΓ;ͫͪͬͳͺͻͰͷͪͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͪͶͳͫͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ
ͷͻͱΔͰͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͼͪͼͬͳͷͼͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͳ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ
ͽͪ͵ͬͰΓ;ͫͪͬͳ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͎;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰΔͰ͸ͼ;ͻ͹ͭͪͽ ͪͶͳͽ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͳΒͰͳ
͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͳͼͽ͹
͊ͽͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͲͯͰͼ͸ͪͳͼͶͰͬͪ ͳ ͹ͯͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪͳͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͪ ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ t͵ͻͳͬͳ΁Ͱi Ͳͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ ; 99 ͬͰ͵; ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͫͳͶ͹ ͲͪͽͳͷͿͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͷͪͲͪ͸ͪΒͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ
Β;͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͺͻͪͬͳ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻ2 ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ
ͬͳ͸ͪͫ;ͯͰtͻͪͲͪͺͰͽͪ͸ͪͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵ͻͼͽ;͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸ͪͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ε;
ͯ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪi ̓͸ͰͱͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͯͪͼͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻ
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭ ͺͶͰͫͳͼ΁ͳͽͪ ̾ ͉Ͱ͸ͪ͸
ͽ͹ Ͳͪ ͹͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ͯͻͱͰ ͯ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ
ͪͺͼ;ͻͯ͸͹ ́ ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͳ ͹ͺͽ;ͱ;Β; ͯͪ ͼ; ͺͻ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪͶͳ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ ͸ͳ͵͹ ͳ ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪͯͪͫͳͼͰͳͲͳͯͰΒͰ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͷͪͷ͹ͱͯͪͷ͹ͭͶͳͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͳͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ͳ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽ͹΃
́͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪͼͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͰͯͪ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳͷͻͱΔͪͺͻͰͷͪΔͰͷ;͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳ΃;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͳ
ͯͪͫͰͲ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ BͫͰͲ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ͵ͪ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͱͳͬͰͼͬͰ
ͼͪͷͳͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳ͊ͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ͵ͪ͹Γ;ͫͪͬͺͻͰͷͪͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;͸ͳΒͰͯͻ;ͭ͹ͯ͹
ͽͻͳ͵Ͳͪͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͰͷͻͱΔͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͎ͪͰͻͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͳͲͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺͳΒ;
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͼͽͪΔͰͷͯ;΀ͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ; ͽ͹ͷͰͪͶͳͫͳ Ͳͪͼͬ͹Β ͼͽͪͬ͹͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵ͪ͹
͸Ͱ΂Ͱͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸͹ͷ̸͵͹ΒͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͳͼͽͪͽͪ͵͹ ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͬͪΓ;ͫͪͬͺͻͰͷͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͪ
ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͪΓ;ͫͪͬͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͪͷͻͱΔͪͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ– ͯͪͶͳͼͰͳ͵ͪ͵͹
͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͬ͹Ͷͳͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳ͵͹t͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸ͯͪͬ͹Ͷͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͬͰΕ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͰi ̓͸ͰͱͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͪͶͳ ͳͼͽ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͰ ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͯͪͷͻͲͳͼͬ͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ
̈́Ͱ͵ͼͳ΂͵͹ͷͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͻͰ΂͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ;ͲͰͶͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹
ΒͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͲͪͷͳͯͳͼ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͹ͬͪͶͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͳͯͰͪͶͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͽͰͱͳͰͶͳͷͳ
͸ͳͼͪΔ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͼ;ͭͰͻͳ΃ͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͳͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͳ͹͸ͪΒͷͪͶͳ΀ ͬͪΓͯͪͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪ
Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͲͪͷͪ΀;͹͸ͳͺͻͬͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸;ͻͪͯͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͇ͻͬͰͶͻͰ͵ͪ͹ ̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͰ
2
t͈ͻͰͰͺ͹΀Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰ͵ͶͪͼͰͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ;ͼ;ͳͷͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͼ͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ>...@ ͺͻͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͯͰΒͪͯͪͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͳͼͰΓͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;ͳͼͽ͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͳͷͪͫͳͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹
ͫͳͶͪ͹ͯͬͻͪͽ͸ͪͪͼͰΓͪ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬͪi ̾ͻͳ͵ͼͰ͸ ͼͽͻ

553
́ͼͽͪͲͳΒͰͳ͇͵Ͱͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ͈Ͷͪ͸ͰͽͳΒͰ͇ͽ;ͯͪͼ;;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;;͹΂Γͳͬͪͯͬͪͼͪͼͬͳͷ
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͪͽ͹͵ͪͳͶͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͉ͪͬ͸ͪͽͰΓͳͫͳͯͪͼͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ

͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͫͻͳ΃;ͻͪͯͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪͷͰͼͽ͹͍ͻͪ͸΁;Ͳͪ ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͪ ͉;ͼͪͪ;ͽ;ͼͬͻ΀;ͪ͸ͭͪ
ͱ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͼͳͶ͸ͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͪͻͽͳΓͰͻͳΒͪ ͆ͪ ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͼͰ Ϳͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ
ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ͵;Ͷͪͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺ͹ͻͽͼ͵ͳͷͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹Ͳͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͿ͹ͻͷͰ
͸ͪΒͭͻ;ͫΓͰͭͺͻͳͷͳͽͳͬͳͲͷͪ
͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͬͰͽͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ 3 ͪͶͳͫͪͻ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ͹ΒͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͬͳͯ͹ͬͰͺͻͳͽͪΒͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͯ͹ͷͰͻͰͯͪ͹͸ͳͯ͹Ό;ͭͶͪͬͰͽ͹Β
ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͪ͸ͽͳͺ͹ͯͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͯ͹ͯͻͰ
ΌͰ͸ͳͷ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳ ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͼ;ͼͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͶͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͳͬͰΕͼ;ͼͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͶͰ ;ͷ͸͹ͱͪͬͪͶͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͯ͹ͫͰͼͷͳͼͶͪ͊ͬͰΒͰ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͲͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͪͶ͹ͼΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ ;ΒͰͲͳ͵;ͳ͹͵͹ΔͰ͈ͭͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͯͰΓ;Β; ͳͷ ͼͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳ ͸ͪͺ͹͵͹͸ ͳͲͷͳ΃Γͪ ͳͷͰ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ̸ ; ͳͼͽ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰ ͸ͳͼ;ͺͪͽͳͶͰ͹ͯ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͳͱͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ
ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽ͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱͭͯͪ΃Δͳ΀͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪͳ͸Ͱͺͪͯͪͳͷ͸ͪͺͪͷͰͽͯͪͼͬ͹Βͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱͺ͹ͼͰͫ
͸ͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ;ͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͷ͸͹ͭ͹΂Ͱͷ;;Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͪ ͹ͬͯͰͼͰͯͻͼ͵͹ͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺͪͻͪ
ͯͳͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͪ ͪͶͳ Ͳͪ΂;ͯ͹ ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΁ͳͷͪͽ͹͸ͳͷͪͶ͹͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ
ͅ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͪ ͳͼ;ͬͳ΃ͰΒͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͰ ͪͳͼ΁ͻͺ͸ͪ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ΃ͽͪΒͰͽͪͻͰ΂Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͪͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ̹ͰͻΌͪ
ΒͰͬΒͰ;ͯͰͶ;͇΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͷͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ;ͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ͺͳͼͪ͹͹tͰͻ͹ͽͼ͵͹ΒͼͪͫͶͪͲ͸ͳi͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͬͳͯ;
ͳͯ͹Ͷ͹ͺ͹͵Ͷ͹͸ͼͽͬͪͳͻ͹ͺͼͽͬͪ ͭͯͰ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹Γ;ͫͪͬͳ ͪͶͳͷ;
Ͳͪͽ͹͸Ͱ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͰͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͪͷ ͬ͹ΓͪͲͪͷ͹Εͳͳ͸ͪͼͳΓͰͷ͸ͪͯͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͇ͪ΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ̹ͰͻΌͪΒͰͬKF
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͹͵ͪ͹΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͲͪͷ
͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒ͋ͻ;ͫͰ΁͵͹ΒΒͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͹ͯͬͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͽͳͺͪ– ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͶͪͱ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͪ
;͸;ͽͪͻΔͳ΀ΒͰͺͻͪͬͳ͹ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ̀ͪΔͰͭͪt͵ͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͳ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͶ͹ͭͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͫ;ͯͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͪΒ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ͵͹Βͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͳͶͪͲͳͳͲͼͪͷ͹ͫͳͽ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͶͳΒͰ
ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳi ͺͪͼͬͪ͵ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪͷͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;Β;
͹ͼ;ͯ; ͋ͻ;ͫͰ΁͵͹Β ͼͽͻ
̽ͬ͹Βͳ΁ͪ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͳͼͪ΁ͪ ͢Ͱͭ͹΃ͳ̸͸ͯͻͳΕ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ;ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͰͲͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͳͽ͹Ͳͪ͹͸ͪΒ ͺͻͰͷͪͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷͪ;ͽ͹ͻ; ͵͹ΒͳΒͰtͺͻͪͬͳ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ͸ Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸íͽͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͫͳͷ͹ͱͯͪͫͳͶͪͻͪͲͶ͹ͱ͸ͪͯͪ͸ͪͺͪͯͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͼͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵
ͬͳ΀ ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͸ͪ΃ͳ΀
ͺͳͼͪ΁ͪ Ͳͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ; ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
ΔͰ͸;ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸;͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰͯͪͼͰͽ;ͻͪͯͳ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Βͼͬͻ΀͹ͬͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ͹ͬͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͳͼͪ΁ͪΒͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ΒͰͻͲͪ΁ͳΓͳͷͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ͻͪ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͹ͬͪΒ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ – ͪͭͻͰͼͳͬͪ͸ ΒͰ ͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
3
t̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷΒͰͼ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͼͬͳ΀͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͹ͼͳͷͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰi
́Γͳ͸ ͼͽͻ
́͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͼͰ͹ͬͯͰͷ͹ͱͰ΂ͳͽͪͽͳͳ͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ
554
͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ͵͹͸͹ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͰ΂ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͪ͸;Ͷͳͻͪ͹ͫͪ͹ͬͪͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ͹ͯ͸͹΃Ͱ
ΔͪͺͻͰͷͪͼͰͫͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͽͰ͵;͸ͪ΃ͰͬͻͰͷͰ ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪ;
ͳͷͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͺ͹ͽͳͼ͸ͰͼͬͰͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͰ ͳ΃ͽ͹ΒͰΒ͹΃ͭ͹ͻͰ ͼͬͪͯͻ;ͭͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͼͰ
ΕͪΔͪ͆ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͹͸͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷͼͳ͸ͽͰͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͷΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳ ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰͷ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͪ ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͽ͹ͷͰ ; ͬͪͲͯ;΀; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ
ͼͬͰͽͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰͯͪͶͰͫͯͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹͹͸͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͼ͵͹
͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͿͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ͵ͪͽ͵ͪͯͯ͹ͫͰͼͷͳͼͶͪ
t͈͹΃ͪͼͽi͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͼͰ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͶͰ΂ͳͪ͸ͽͳͯ͹ͽͳͷͪ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼ;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͶͳͲͪͷ ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͷͻͱΔͪ ͪ;ͽ͹΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͲͪͷ
ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͰͷ;ͺͻͰΌͪ΃Δ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͳͬͪ͸Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷ ͱͳͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͺ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱͷͪͺͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͪ
ͅ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͪͷΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺͶ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͯͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͪͽͻͰͫͪ
ͯͪ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪ ͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͡;ͯͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹
ͫͶͳͼ͵ͳ ͸ͳͽͳͳͷΒͰt͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪiͯͪͼͰͬ͹ͶͰ ͪͶͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͷͳͻ͸͹ͯͪͼͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͻͪΒͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͅ͹ͭ;
ΕͰΒͰ͹͸ͯͪͯͪͼͰͯͳͬΓͳͳͺͳͽ͹ͷͳ͸ͪΌ;͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰͽͳ͵͹ΕͰ͵͹ͭͪͳͼͽͰͻͪ
ͽͳ;͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͰͬͻͰͷͰ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͽ͹͵͹ͷ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶͳͫͰͲ͊ͻͫͪ̓ͪͯͪ
΃ͪͬ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰ;ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͺ͹ͺ;΁ͪΒ; ͲͶ͹ͼͰ͸ͰͼͻͪͲͷͰͻ͸͹ͫͻͱͰ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͪ
ͳ΀͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͳͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΂ͪ͵ͫͻͪͽͼͽͬ͹
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͪͶͳ;΂ͪͼ͹ͬͳͷͪΔͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͻ͸;ΕͪͺͻͬͪΒ;ΒͰ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳͶͪͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͳͳͲͻ͹ͯͳ
ͶͪͼͰ;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͼͪͼͬͳͷͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹
͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͸ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͭͻͪͯͼͬͰͯ͹ͿͪΒͻ͹͸ͽͪ ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰͽ͹;
͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ;͵ΔͳͭͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͼͰΕͪΔͪͲͪͺͳͼͪͽͳ̽ͻ͆ͰͶͰ̓ͪͻͪΒͶͳΕ ͪ͹͸ͯͪͼ;ͼͰͭͶͪͬͰͼͺͪͼͪͬͪͶͰͫͰ͵ͼͽͬ͹ͷ
͵͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͋͹ͼͰͯͰͼͳͶ͹Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͫͳͶ͹ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͸;ͽ͹ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͳͼͳͶ
͸͹ͷͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͶ͹͹ͫͷͪ͸;ͳ͵͹ͯͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;tͯͪ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬͳΒͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͳͭͻͪͬͪͱ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;i ̾ͻͳ͵ͼͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͵͹Βͳ
ΒͰ͹ͬ͹Ͳͪͺͳͼͪ͹;ͺͻͰͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͳͲͯͪΔ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵ΔͳͭͰ̾ͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ;ͼͪͷ͹Β
͵ΔͳͲͳΒͰͬͰΕͫͳ͹͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹ͯͪtͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁;ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ
ͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ;ͫ;ͻ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ͹͸͵ͪ͹ͯͪ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͳͺͻͰͬͻͪͽͰ ͳͺͪ͵
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͸Ͱ͵͹ ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͳͬ͹ ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ ΒͰͲͭͻ͹ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁; ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰ
ͼͺ͹͸;ͼͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹΃Ε; ΒͰͲͭͻ͹͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͬͪͱͪ͸ͳͲͬ͹ͻͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͶͳ΂͸Ͱͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͪ͹͸ͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͹ͺͼͰ͸Ͱi ̾ͻͳ͵ͼͰ͸ ͼͽͻ

̀ͪ͹ͬͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬͪ͸ͳͼ͵ͪͲ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ͵ͪͱͰ– ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ̹͹ͱͰ
ͫͰͲ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͅ͸͹ͭͳ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ ͊ͻͫͳ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͺͪͼͰ͸ͳ ͼ; ΒͰͻ ͼ;
ͳͷͪͶͳͭͯͰͯͪͯ͹Ό;
̹ͳͽͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͪΒͰͶͰͺ͹ ͺͻͳͷͪͷΓͳͬ͹ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸͹ ΂ͪ͵Ͳͪͬ͹ͯΓͳͬ͹ ͳͫͳͶ͹ͫͳͯͳͬ͸͹͵ͪͯͪ
ͫͳͼͬͳΓ;ͯͳͫͳͶͳͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳ ͸ͰͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳͳͫͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸͹;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͳ̽ͪͼ;ͼͬͰͽ͸ͪͼͰΓͪ
ͬͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ ͸ͰͫͳͫͳͶ͹͸ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ΂ͪ͵
͸ͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͼͰͷͽͰΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͼ͵Ͱ ͪͶͳͳ͹͸ͪͫͳ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͫͳͶͪͫͰͼͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪ ͊ͬͰͽ
555
͹͸ͯͪ͸Ͱͫͳͫͳ͹΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͲͯͰΓͰ͸ ͸ͳͽͳ͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ;͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͬͰΕͫͳ͸ͪΔͰͷ;ͱͳͬͰ͹ͼͬͰͼͪͷ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͪ ΂͹ͬͰ͵͸;ͱ͸͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͅ͹͸ͽͰ
ͼ͵ΒͰ́ͼͬͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͫͳͫͳͶ͹ͯͪͶͳΒͰ͹͸ͺͻͬ͹΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺͪ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͪ ͳͶͳ͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹̈́ͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͬͰͶͳ
͵͹ͷͪͼ͵Ͱͽͳ̽ͳ͹ͭͰ͸;ͳͲ͊ͳ͸͹ͺͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͻͬͳ΀͵͹ͻͳͿͰΒͪ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͪ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪ͹ͳͽͻ;ͯͳ͹ͼͰͯͪͼͰͫͰͶͳ΃ͳͼͬͪ͵Ͱͽͪ͵ͬͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ̸Ͷͳͪͼ͵ͰͽͰͼ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͻͰͽ͵͹͹ͫͳͽͪͬͪͶͳ
͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ΀Ͱͯ͹͸ͳͼͽͪ
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ͵ͻͰΕͰͼͰ ͹ͯΓ;ͫͪͬͳͺͻͰͷͪͼͬ͹Β͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͯ͹ͷͻͱΔͰͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ
ͪͶͳ;͸͹ͬͳΒͰͬͻͰͷͰͳͯ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͷͻͱΔͰ͋ͳͷͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ͹͸͹ͫͳͫͶͳΒͼ͵͹ͺͻ͹
ͻ͹΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͯͪt́͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳ΂͹ͬΒͰ͵;ͺ͹ͼͽͪΕͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳi ͪͅͽͰΒ
͊ͪͷ͹͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΔͰ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ – ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͫͰͲ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͰͲͳͻͳͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͷͻͱΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ
ΒͰͷ;͵ͰͽͻͪΒͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͺ͹ͯͭͰͼͶ͹ͷͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱͫ;ͯͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͬͰΕΒͰͼͽͰ͇͸ͪΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ
ͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲͯ͹ͻͪ̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳΒͰ;͈ͳ΃΂Ͱͬ͹ͷͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ͵; ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͺͪͱΔͰ͹ͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ͵͹͉ͯ;ͼͪ ͪ͹ͬ͹ͲͪͺͪͱͪΔͰͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ΒͰ;ͬͳͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Β͹Βͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͰͲͳͻ
ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪͺͻͰͲͳͻͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ t́΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ͷͳͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͰͲͳͻͪͶͳͼͬ͹Β;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ
ͫͳͼͷ͹Δͳͷͪ;ͭ͹ͯͳͶͳ ͽ͹ͼ;͸ͪͼ͹͸ͳͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͰͲͳͻͪͶͳi

͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷͻͱΔͪͻͪΌͪͼͰ͵͹ͯͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͭͻͪΌͳͬͪΔͰͷ΂ͳͺͪ;
ͷ͹ͱͯͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱͻͬ΂ͳ͸͹ͷͶ͹ͫ͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒͰͳͲͯͻ;ͭͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͬͪΒ͵ͪͶͰͷ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ͸ͳΒͰͫͰͼͺͶ͹ͯͪ͸
͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͰͶͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͷͪͳͬͻͶ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬͪ͸͋ͪΒͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ΂ͪ͵͸ͳ;
ͯͪͶͰ͵͹Βͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͪͶͳΒͰ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͯ͹ͫͪ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͲͶ͹
;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰ͹Ͳͪ΂;Ό;Β;Ε;
Ͱͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ
͊ͬͪ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;ΒͰͯͪͭͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͯͻͱͪΔͰͷͺ͹ͺͻͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͷΓ;ͫͪ
ͬͳ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͪͻ͊͹ͶͱͰΔͳ΁ͳ͸ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Ͳͪͺͳͼͪ͹t͊ͬͪ͵ͳ΂ͪ͵ͳ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͺ͹͸͹ͬ
Γͳͬͳ ΒͰ ͳͲͯͪ͸ͪ͵ ̹͹ͱΒͰ ͲͪͷͳͼͶͳi ͈ͪͻͪͿͻͪͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͲͪͬͰͽ ̺Ͷͪͯͳͷͳͻ ͊͹Ͷ͹ͬΒͰͬ ΒͰ
͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹t͡;ͫͳͼͬͰͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹Βͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳi ̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻ
̸͵͹ͼͰ
͹ͬͪͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪ͊͹Ͷ͹ͬΒͰͬͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͪ͵ͼͳ͹ͷ ͹͸ͪ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰ;ͼͰͫͳͬͰΕͼͪͯͻͱͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ–
͵ͪ͵͹͹͸ͪΒ͵͹ΒͳͷͻͲͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͷ͹ͱͰͬ͹ͶͰͽͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͳͯͪͶͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͱͰͳ͵͹
ͭͪͯͪͬ͹Ͷͳ
͆ͪ ͼͻͰΕ; ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ ͳͺͪ͵ ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͼͰΓͪͬͪΒ; ͹ͬͪΒ ͼͬͰͽ ͳ ͹͸ͳ ͸ͳͼ; t͸Ͱͺ͹͸͹ͬΓͳͬͳ ͳͲͯͪ͸ͪ͵
̹͹ͱΒͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳi ͬͰΕͼ;ͼͪͷ͹Γ;ͯͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀;ͬͰͻͰΔ͇ͪͯ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;ͺ͹
ͼͬ͹ͷͼͽͪͬ;ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸͹ͷ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;́ͯ͹͵ ΒͰͷͳͼͳΒͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͯͪ͸Ͱ΂ͳͷͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ ͹ͫ͹ͭͪΕͰΔ;
΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͪΒͰͼͪͷͳͷͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͰͷͬͰΕͳͼͺ;͸ͳ͹ͼͬ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͷͳͼͳΒ;͆ͳ͵ͪ
͵ͪͬͷ;ͬͳ΃ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ ΒͰͻ͹͸͸Ͱͷͪͼ͵ͳͷͯͪͼͰͷͳͼͳ͹͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳͽͪ͵ͷͳ΂ͳ ͸Ͱͷͪ͵͹ͷͰͯͪ
Ͳͪͬͳͯͳ ͸ͳͽͳͺͪ͵͸Ͱ͵͹ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͺ͹͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͷ;ͼͶ;ͱͰ͵ͪ͹;Ͳ͹ͻ͇͸ΒͰͼͪͬͻ
΃Ͱ͸͹Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͫͳΕͰ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͳͲͬͪ͸͋ͬ͹ͻ΂ͰͬͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽΒͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ;ͷͪ ͪ
ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ͳͲͪͫͶ;ͯͪ


̸̸̺͉͌͆́̾̀̈́́̀͏̸̸̸͉̺́́͆̾̀͌̾̾͢͠ͅ͏̸̺́́̈́́̀͏̸́͠
͈͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;͵ͪͲͪ͸͹͸ͪͽ͹͵͹ΒͰͼ;͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͯͪΒͰ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪͷͼ;ͻ͹ͭͪͽ
ͶͰ͵ͪ ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷͻͱΔͪ͸͹ͬͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹ͼͰ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͇ͯ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ͸ͪ͵͹Β;ΕͰͼͽͻͪ͸;ͺͻͰͽͰͭ͸;ͽͳ
͵Ͷͪͽ͸͹ ͲͪͬͳͼͳΕͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰͽͪ̀ͪͽ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ
ΔͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸;ͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭ;ͼͽͻͪ͸; Ͳͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ΒͰͯ͸ͰͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͽ͹ͼͰͺͻͰ΂Ͱͼ
ͽ͹ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹͈͹ͫͰͯͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ
ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͶͪΒͰͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒ;
ͯͻ;ͭͰͷͳͼͪ͹͸Ͱͼͽͻ;ΒͰ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳͲͷͪ ͺͳΒͰͽͳͲͷͪͳͽͪ͵͹ͻͰͯ͹ͷ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͳͽͳͺͶ͹ͯ͹͸͹ͼ͸͹Ͳͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪͳͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͼ;ͳ͹ͺͪ͵Ͱ ͬͪ͸͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁Ͱͺ͹ͻͰͷͰΕͪΒͪͷͰͻͰͳ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͳ
΁ͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͪ ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲ
Ͷ͹ͭͪ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ̽ͪͶͳͼͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷͼͽͪΔ; ;ͯ͹ͫ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͪͶͳͳ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ; ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͽ͹΀͹ΕͰ ͳͶͳͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͻͪͲ;
ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ̽ͪͶͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͫͳͶ͹͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͳ͹΂Ͱ
͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ ͳͶͳͼͺ;ͽͪͬͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̽ͪͶͳͼͰͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃ͰͳͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͺ͹
ͷͰͻͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯΔͳ΀ ͳͶͳ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ͼͬͳ΀ ͆Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳͼͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ΒͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͳͲͪͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͫ;ͯͰͺͻͰ;ͲͰͽͪͳ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ
ͫͪ΃ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΔͳ΀
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͳͯͰͪͶ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͫͳͬͪ;ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ΒͼͿͰͻͳͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼΔ͹ͷͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪ
Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͬͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͋Ͱ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ Ͷͪ͵͹ ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͳ
ͫͳͬͪΒ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͯ;΃͸͹ ͳ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͫͰͲ ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ͪ ̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪͷ͹ͭ;ΕΒͰͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͳ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ̸ͪͶͳͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ͸Ͱͷͪͳ
͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͳ΀ͫͳͽͳ;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔ;ͼͬͰͽͪͼͰͷ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͷͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀;͸ͳͬͰͻ
ͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ΒͰͬͪ͸ΌͰ͹ͼ͵͹ͭ ͲͶͪͽ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ ͷ͹ͱͯͪ
ͯͰ͵ͪͶ͹ͭͪ ͵͹Βͳ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͷ͹ͭ;ͬͪͱͳͽͳͳ;ͬͪ͸΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ̀Ͷ͹͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ
͵ͪͯͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ ͳͲ͹ͬͰͼͿͰͻͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͻ͹ΌͰ͸͹ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͯͪͲͪͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͺͪ;ͯͻ;ͱͰ͸͹ͼͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͳͺͻͳͼͳͶ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ̽ͪͷ͹͵Ͷ͹ͬͷͪ΂͵͹Βͳͬͳͼͳ͸ͪͯͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪ
ͷͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪͯΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͼͪͷ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹΃Ε;
͊ͰͷͷͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹
ͼͽͳͼ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸Ͱ͹ͯͷͰͼͽͪͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͺ͹ͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ̸͵͹
ΒͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͼ;΃ͽͪ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽ ;
ͼͿͰͻͳͯ;΀ͪͲͪ͸Ͱ΂ͳͷͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͸ͳͽͳͳͷͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͈ͪͳͺͪ͵ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ
͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪͬͰΕͳͱͰΓͰͲͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹;ͺ͹ͻ͸͹͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͯͪͲͪͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪ
ͻͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͷͪ ͯͪ ͹ͯ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͹ͯ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
;͸ͳͿͳ΁ͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽ
t̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰͫͳΕͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;i ͺͳͼͪ͹ΒͰ͑ͺͰ͸ͭͶͰͻ **
̽ͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ
͹ͫͶͳ͵ΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͬͶͪͯͳ΁ͳ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒ; ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͪ͸ͳͳͷͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ̺ͰͶͳ͹͸ͯͪt̹͹ͭͯͪΒͰ
557
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͯͪ ͳͷͪ ΃ͽͪ ͯͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͺͻͰͱͳͬͰ͹i ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͸ͪͯͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͽ͹͵͹ͷͼͬͪ͵͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀
ͷ͹ͯͪͳͲͪͼͽͻͪΔͳͬͪΔ̹ͪͰͲΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͫͳͼͰͶͪ͵͹Ͳͪͽͳͻͪ͹
ͼͬͪ͵ͳͽͻͪͭ
̸Ͷͳ;͹ͬͪͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͬͻ΃ͳͺͻͰ͵͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΒͰͻΒͰͽͪΒ
ͺ;ͽͺ͹ͺͶ͹΂ͪ͸͹ͽͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͳ͹ͫͰͼͺ͹͵͹ΒͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳΒͰͲͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͳͼ΀͹ͯ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͭͶ͹ͲͪͺͻͰ
΂ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳt͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳiͷͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳͼ; ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͪ ͯͪͼͰ
Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͫͳΕͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͷͬͰΕͯͪΒͰͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹
ͭͳͷͺ͹΃ͪͼͽͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͪͻͪͶͳ΃;ͳͻͪͲ;ͷͳ;ͷ͇͸͹ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͬͳ΃ͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͳͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸ͳͼͶ͹Β ͪͶͳ
ͳͷͪͳͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͺͻͳͲͰͷ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͳͯͰ͹
͇ͬͰ ͸ͪΒ͸ͳͱͰ ͺ͹ͻͳͬͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͫͳΕͪ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ ͭ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪΒ; ͺ͹ͽ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͳ ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ̺Ͱ͹ͷͪΒͰͷͪͶ͹Γ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;͹ͯ͹ͶͰͽͳͽͪ͵ͬͳͷͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳ
ͳ;ͼͶͰͯͳͶͪ͹ͬͪͺͻͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͹ͯ͸͹΃ͰΔ;ͺͻͰͷͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͫͳΕ;͌ͷͰͼͽ͹͸Ͱͭͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ
΁ͪΔͪͽͰͱΔͳ͵ͪͶͰͺ͹ͷ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͷͳ;Ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸͹ͷ ͼͪͯͪͼͰΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱͯ;΃Ͱ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΒ;Ͷͪͼ΁ͳͬ͸ͳͷͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ
ͷͪ ́ ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͪ͵Ͷ;͵ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͼͰ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͈ͻͳͷͳͽͳͬ΁ͳ
ͼͬͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳΕͰͼͰ ΃ͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͰͻͳͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͺͰͶ͹͇ͫͰͲͯ;΀͹ͬΓͰ͸ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
ͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͳͽͳͺ Β;͸ͪ͵ͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪ ͺ;͵͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪ͸Ͱ΂ͳΒͰ;ͬͰΕͪΔͰͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ
̸;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽΒͰ;ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;̓ͪ͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁͹͸ΒͰ
ͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͫͳͽͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͪͶͳͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͹͸ΒͰͯͰͶͳΕͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͽ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ΀͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͸ͳ΀΁ͻͽͪͳͶͳ͹ͽͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵͆͹ͻͷͰͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͬͪͱͰΕͰ;ΔͰͭ͹
ͬ͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͳͬͪͶͰͼ;ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͱΔͪͬͪΔͰ
ͳͰ͵ͼ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;͊;ͼͻͰͽͼͶͳ΂͸͹΃Ε; ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸ͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳΒͪ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͳ
ͼͪͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͹ͫͰͲͶͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͫͳΕͰͷ
̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰΓ;ͯͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͬ͹ͶͰͳͶͳ͸Ͱͬ͹ͶͰ Ͷͪ͵͹ͼͰͳͶͳͽͰ΃͵͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ; ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ
ͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͇ͪ͸ͰͼͰ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ; ΒͰͻ͵ͪͯͪͫͳͼͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶͰ ͸ͰͫͳͫͳͶ͹΁ͳͬͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬͰΕ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͳͶͪͫͳͽ͹ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸ͪͺ͹ͫͰͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ͏ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ;ͺͻͰ
ͼͬͰͭͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪͳ͸ͪΔͳͷͪͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͆Ͱ͵ͪ
ͯͪͼ;ͼͰͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͯͳͻͳͬͪͶͰ ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ Ͳͫ͹ͭ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͰͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΒ;ͳ
ͫ͹ΓͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͳͺ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ;ͳͺ͹ͲͶ;̽ͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΃ͶͳͿ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸ ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͽͪΔ;
ͯͪ ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳΒͰ ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ͹ͯ͸͹΃ͰΔ; ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸; ͷͻͱΔ; ͺͻͰͲͳͻ Ͷͪͱ͸Ͱ ͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͰ ͳ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ
͸ͪͲͳͬͪͯ;ͺͶͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳͼͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͷ͹ͱͰͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͪ͵͹ͼͰͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯͼͰͫͰ
͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰͬͰΕͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ͲͶͪͽ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹
͈ͳͼͪ΁΂;ͬͰ͸Ͱ͵ΔͳͭͰ͊;͵͹ͫ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͸͹ͬͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ͊ͪͷΒ;ͰͶ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸;͵ͪ
Ͳ;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ ͪͶͳ͸ͰͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;t͆ͰͲͪͺͪͯͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹͹͸͹
΃ͽ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΁ͳ͹ͫΒͪͬΓ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͫͰ͸ͳͭ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ
΁ͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΁ͳ͹ͺͽ;ͱ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͫͰͲ͹΂͸ͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͳͷͺͰͻͳ
ΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ͌ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;;͵͹ͷͰ͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΁ͳͬͳͯͰͼͬͰͽ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹͸ͳͭͪͬͳͯͰͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͽΔ;i ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭ
ͽ͹͸ ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲͳͻͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͆ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͭͯͰ ͼͰ Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪ

̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͹͸͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪtͽͪͷ͹ͭͯͰͼͰͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͳͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͳͼͶͪͷͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ
ΓͰi ͼͽͻ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͸Ͱ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͊ͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͰ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͯͪͽ ΒͰ
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͪ͸͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͳͽ͹ͼ͹͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͬͪ͵͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͌΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ΒͰͽ͹
͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒ ͋ͻ;ͫͰ΁͵͹Β ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼͽͬͪ ͌ ͵ΔͳͲͳ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͳ
΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͹͸ ͺͳ΃Ͱ ͯͪ ͼ; ͉͹ͷͪ͸͹ͭͰͻͷͪ͸ͳ t;ͬͰ͵ ͫͳͶͳ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͸ͪͳͬ͸͹ ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳ ; ͽ͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼ;
ͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͳ– Γ;ͯͳ ͯͪͼ;ͼͰͫͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͼͬ͹Β;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;– ͹ͺ΃ͽͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳ ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͼͬ͹Β΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͲͪͷ– ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͷ͹ͷi ͋ͻ;ͫͰ΁͵͹Β ͼͽͻ
͉;ͼ͵ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ ΒͰͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽ͸Ͱͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͰͻͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;ͼͪͼͬͳͷͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ ͯͪͺͻͰͬͶͪ
ͯͪͬͪΒ; ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ Ͱͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͼͰͫͰ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ; ͹ͯ ͹ͫͷͪ͸Ͱ t͹ͺ΃ͽͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi
͇ͬ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͷͯͬͪ ͼͽͪͻͪͳͯͰͪͶͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͪ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͷͪ – tͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ
ͼͪͷ͹ͭͪͼͰͫͰiͳtͫ;ͯͳͼͬ͹Βi ͪ͸Ͱ;ͯͪͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͪͷ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͰΔ;ΒͰͽͻ;ͯ͹ͷ
ͯͪͼͰͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;͸ͪͷͰΕͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ;ͳͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀͹ͺ΃ͽͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͽ;Όͳ΀ͳͯͰͪͶͪ
͋ͳͷͰͫͳͼͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬͳ΀Γ;ͯͳͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͪͶͳͳ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͼͪͷ͹ͫͳ
ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͫͳͼͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͫ͹ΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͰ͵ͪͯͪͫͳͼͬͪ͵ͪͽͰͱͳͶͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Βͪ
΃ͽ͹ͫͳͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪ͹͸Ͱtͫ͹ΓͰi͹ͯ;ͼͽͪΒ;͹ͯͱͰΓͰͯͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪͯ͹͸ͳͷtͶ͹΃ͳͷi͉ͪͲ;ͷͰ
ͼͰͯͪͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͼͽͪΔͰͼͽͬͪͻͳ͸Ͱͫͳͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪͬͰΕͯͻͪͭ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͷͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ Ͳͯͻͪͬ͹Β
ͫͰͲ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͸͹Βͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭ
͆ͪ΃ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͵ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͻ;ͼ͵ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͊ͰͻͭͰΒ͈ͪ͸ͪͻͳ͸ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͋ͻ;ͫͰ΁͵͹Βͪ ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͷͳͼͶͰΕͳ΀ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͬͰΕ ͳͲ ͳͼͽ͹ͭ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͲͪͺͳͼͪΕͰ t͌
ͽ͹ͷͰͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳͬͳͼ͹͵ͪͷͳͼͳΒͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬͳͲͷͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ΒͺͻͰͶͪͲ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹΀ͳͼͪ΂;ͬͪ
ͽͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸;ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͬͳ΃ͰͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰͽͪͳͽͳͷͼͪͷͳͷ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͽͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͼͪͺͻͳͺͪ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼͷ͹ͼͪi ͈ͪ͸ͪͻͳ͸ ͼͽͻ
́ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸;ͼͬ͹ͷ
ͼͽͪͬ;ͯ͹ͫͻ͹;͹΂ͪͬͪ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͭͻͰ΃ͳ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪ
ΔͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͼͽͬͪͻͳͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ ͺ͹ͳͷͪ͹͵ͪ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻ
ͲͪͶ͸͹ ;Ͳ΂;ΌͰΔͰ΃ͽ͹ͽ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;
̹ͳͶ͹ͫͳ;ͺ;ͽ͸͹ ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͯͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;Ͷͪͱ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͯͪͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ
͸͹ͼͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳΒ;΃ͽͰͽ; ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͷͳͻͰͼͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͷ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͯͪͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͸ͳͫ͹ΓͰ͸ͳ
ͭ͹ͻͰΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͋ͰͱΔͪͲͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͼͪͷ͹ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͳͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪ
ͬͪΔͪͼͽͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͷ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͼͽͪΔͰͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪ͹΃ͽͻ͈ͪͬͪ͹ͱͰΓ͸ͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͷͰΌ;
ΔͳͷͪͫͳͶͪͫͳ;ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔ; ͸Ͱ;ͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͰΔ;ͳͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͪΔ; ΃ͽ͹͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͯ
͵ͪͯͪΒͰͼͬͰͽͪͳͬͰ͵͇ͪ͸ͪͼͰͯ͹ͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͰͷͰͻͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪt΀ͳͺ͸͹Ͳ͹ͷͻͰ΂ͳi͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͼͳͶ͸ͳ΁ͳ
͹ͬ͹ͭͪͼͬͰͽͪͼͬͰͷͪΔͰͼͶ;ͱͰ ͺͪͼͬͰͰ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸ͳΒͰͽͻͪͱͰͯͪͼͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͰͲͻͰͲͰͻͬ͸͹
ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰ ΃ͽ͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͬͰΕ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ͹ͯͼͰͫͰ ͹ͯͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋͹ͬ͹ͯͳͻͪͲͪ
ͻͪΔ; ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͯͪ ͵ͪͽ͵ͪͯͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͪ͸ͽͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͬͰͭͪ͹͸͹ͭͪ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͬ͹ͷͯ͹ͫ;͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳͲͷBͳͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͺͻͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ͆ͪ͹ͬͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪΒͪ
ΔͰͷ͹ͯ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͷͽ;Όͳ΀ ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͼ;ͽ͹͵͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͳ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ;ͷ͸͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;͹ͯͶͳ΂͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ; ͲͪͻͪͲ
559
Ͷͳ͵;͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͳ̻ͻ͵ͪ
ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͼͬͰ
ͬͳ΃ͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹;ͯͪΓͪͬͪͳͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪ
̀ͪͺͪͯΔͪ΁ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͷͪͻͰͲͪΔ;Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͳͶͳͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͪ͵ͬͪͯͪΒͰͻͪͯͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;Β; ͭ;ͻͪΒ;;Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬ̀ͪͽ͹Ϳͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ;Β;ͫ;ͯ;
Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹Β; ͸ͰͷͳͶͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃; ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͼͰͫͳ ͌ ͽ͹Β ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;
ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͰͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͳͼͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ̀ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͼͪͷ͹ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͹
͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ; ΀͹ͽͰΕ; ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽ ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳ΀
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ
̀ͪͽ͹͹͸ͰͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͽͪͷ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͻͪͯͳΒͰͺ͹ͽ;ͻͪΒ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͼͬͰ
ͼͻͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β;ͭͰ͸͹΁ͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͳͽͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͵ͰͳͯͪͫͳͳͷͲͪͽ
ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͺ;ͽ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ DBUFOBNVOEJ ΒͰͯͪ͸ΒͰ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͪ
ͼͰΒͪΔͰͷͻͱΔͰ ͪͽͪΒͬͰ͹ͷͪͺͶ͹ͯ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͲͫ͹ͭͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪ
ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬͪ͸Ͳͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͰͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͲͶͪ́͵͹ͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͼͬͰͭͪͽ͹ͭͪ;ͫͰͯͳͽͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͸͹ͬͰͻ͸Ͱ
͵͹ͷ΃ͳΒͰͯͪΒͰͲͶ͹ͳͲͪΔͳ΀ͳͲͪ͊ͻͫͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͪͽͰͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͽ͵;ͯͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͳ͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͰͳͷͳͻ͹ͽ
ͬ͹ͻͼͽͬ͹̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͽͶ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ;ͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪ ͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͷ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳ΁ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵͹Βͪ
͸Ͱ͹ͺͪͷͰΕ;ΒͰͬͰΕͻͪͼͺͪͷͰΕ;ΒͰ
***
͉ͪͲͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭΒͰͼͽͰ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ΀ͪͻ
ͷ͹͸ͳΒͳ ͷͰͻͳͳͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͪͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ;ͼͿͰͻͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;͆Ͱͼ͵Ͷͪͯ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͪ΂ͪΒ
ͷͰͻͰͻͪΌͪͼ;͵͹ͫͰͳͲͶ͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;͸ͪͷͰͻͰͲͪͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͰͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͽͳ̈́͹͸ͪ΁Ͳͪͽ͹ͺΓͰΔͰ͵͹Βͳ
ͫͳ̽ͰͅͰͼͽͻ͹ͬͰ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͲͰ ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͰ ͉;ͼͰͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͺͻͰͽ͹ͺͳ͹;ͪͷͪͶͭͪͷͅ͹͸ͽͰͼ͵ΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷΒͰͬͰΕͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ͯͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ̀ͪͼͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹͹͸͹΂Ͱͭͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ;͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͋ͪͻͪ
ͫͪͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳ͹ͭͻͪΌͳͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͼͳ͸ͳͿͰ;ͯͳ ͪͶͳͼ;Ͳͪͽ͹ͫ͹ͯΓͳ͵ͪͬͰͱͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽ; ͹ͭͻͪΌ;Β; ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪΒͬͳͯΓͳͬͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹
ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹
́ͯ͹ͳͼͽͪ ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͬͰͽ;͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͱͳͬͳ͵ͳͫ͹ͻͭͬͰΕΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ
ͼͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ ͽ͹ ͸Ͱ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ΂͹ͬͰ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸ͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͽ͹ ͼ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷͫͳͶ͹͸ͰͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ ͳͺͪ͵;ͼͺͰͶͪͯͪ͹΂;ͬͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͻ͹ͯ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͽ͹͸ͪͶͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͺΔͰͬͪͼͬͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͰͷͰͻͪͬͪͽͳͶͪͱ ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͪͬͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͳͯͰ
͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͹ͫͷͪ͸Ͱ ͳ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͲͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͫͰͯͰ ͊ͬͪ΂ͳΒͪ ͼͰ ΂͹ͬͰ΂͸͹ͼͽ Ͷͳ΂͸ͪ ͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͼͬͪ͵ͪ͸Ͱ΂͹ͬͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͯͪ͹ͼ;Ό;ΒͰ
̽ͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͪΒͶͪ͵΃Ͱͳ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͼͰ
ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪͽͳ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ ͹ͯ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͼͰ ͺͪ͵ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͹΁ͰΔ;Β; ͸ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸ͳ΀Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽͪͳͷΒͰͳͼ΀͹ͯͳ΃ͽͰ–
ͯͪͶͳΒͰͽ͹ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ͳͶͳΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͳͲͫ͹ͻͺͻͪͬͰͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͰΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͶͪ͵ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼ
ͽͪͬͪ͸̸Ͷͳ͹͸ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͯͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͲͪͼͰͫͰͫͳͻͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͰ͸͹ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ͸Ͱ
͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹͆Ͱ͸ͳͯͪͼͰͯͻ;ͭͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΒ;ͳͶ;ͲͳΒ͹ͷ͸;ΌͰ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̺ͪͶͲͰͻ ͅ

̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ–΃ͽͪΒͰͽ͹ ͈͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ͏́̽
̾ͻͳ͵ͼͰ͸ ͎͋
̾ͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̹ͪͯͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ99ͬͰ͵
́Γͳ͸ ́
̹ͰͶͪͳͯͰΒͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̈́͹ͭ͹ͼ
̓͸ͰͱͰͬͳΕ ͅ
͆ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ– ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͺͰͻͼͺͰ
͵ͽͳͬͳ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͫͻ ͭ͹ͯ9* WPM–95.
͈ͪ͸ͪͻͳ͸ ̸͊
͉Ͱͬͪ͸΃ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ;̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵̹ͪΔͪ̈́;͵̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸͹Ͷ͹
΃͵ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ
͋ͻ;ͫͰ΁͵͹Β ͆
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͳ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̈́͹ͭ͹ͼ
͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͊
͊;͵͹ͫ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͈͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ
͏̹́̽ͪΔͪ̈́;͵ͪ ͉͹ͷͪ͸͹ͬ
͑ͺͰ͸ͭͶͰͻ ͇
͈ͻ͹ͺͪͼͽ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ *–**̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͌ͽ͹ͺͳΒͪ
-+6#*/,0..*-04"7-+&7*ſ
5)&/"5*0/"-"/%5)&6/*7&34"-
SUMMARY
8IBUJTNPSFJNQPSUBOUJOUIFDVMUJWBUJPOPGGFFMJOHT JOFYQFSJFODJOHUIFXPSME BOEJOUIFFEVDBUJPO
BOEGPSNBUJPOPGIVNBOCFJOHT– JTJUUIFOBUJPOBMPSUIFVOJWFSTBM .POUFTRVJFVBOEEF.BJTUSF XFMM
LOPXO'SFODIUIJOLFST HBWFPQQPTJOHBOTXFSTUPUIFTFRVFTUJPOT5IFGPSNFSTBJEUIBUCFJOHBIVNBOJT
XIBUDPNFTGJSTU BOEUIBUCFJOHB'SFODINBOJTNFSFMZBDPJODJEFODF5IFMBUUFSPOFTBJEUIBUIFIBEOFWFS
NFUBNBOCVUPOMZ'SFODINFO *UBMJBOT 3VTTJBOTBOEPUIFST5IFTFBSFUXPFYUSFNFBOTXFSTUPUIFPME
QSPCMFNPGVOJWFSTBMT XIFSFCZUIFGPSNFSPOFJOTJTUTPOUIFVOJWFSTBMBOEUIFMBUUFSPOFPOUIFTQFDJGJD
XJUIQSBDUJDBMDPOTFRVFODFTGPSUIFPSHBOJ[BUJPOPGTPDJBMMJGF
5IFBVUIPSPGUIJTQBQFSIPMETUIFWJFXUIBUUIFQSPCMFNDBOCFSFTPMWFEJGJOTUFBEPGPQUJOHGPSFJUIFS
QPMF XFPQUGPSUIFNJEEMFQPTJUJPOCFUXFFOUIFUXP GPSIBSNPOZBOENFBTVSF JOUIFXBZUIFBODJFOU
(SFFLTSFDPNNFOEFE5IJTJTBDPOTFRVFODFPGUIFGBDUUIBUXJUIPVUUIFOBUJPOBMBTQFDUBIVNBOCFJOHXJMM
SFNBJOTQJSJUVBMMZTIBQFMFTT BOEXJUIPVUUIFVOJWFSTBMJUXJMMCFEFWPJEPGJUTIVNBOFTTFODF
5IFQBQFSBEESFTTFTTPNFPGUIFDPOTFRVFODFTPGPQUJOHGPSFJUIFSTUBOEQPJOU TVDIBTUIFQIFOPNFOB
PGOBUJPOBM TFMG
IBUSFEBOEMBDLPGVOEFSTUBOEJOHBNPOHDJWJMJ[BUJPOT
KEYWORDS: UIFQSPCMFNPGVOJWFSTBMT UIFOBUJPOBM UIFNJEEMF NFBTVSF

͉͊
̸̸̹͇̺͇͇́͆͐́̈́͑̾́ͣ͑͑͡ͅ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͷ͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ;
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͈ͪͶͰ
͈ͪͶͰ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ– ̹ͳ͎
̸͆͏̸̸̸̸̸͇͉̺͎͈͇̺́͆̈́͆́́̀̀̽̾́͆͋͆́͠͠–
̸̸͚̻͇̹͇̻͇͇̻͈͉͉́̀̾͌̈́̈́͆́̈́̓̈́͆́̾͠ͅͅ
͉͈̹͉͈̾͌̈́́̓̾͊͊̓̾
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ; ͪ;ͽ͹ͻΕͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͸ͪ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͊ͬͰΒͰͺͻͳͷΒͰͽ͸ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͯͪͼͰ͸͹ͼͰͼ͸ͪͷͰͽͳͷͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬͳ΁Ͱͳͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ͬͻͶ͹΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͰͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͪͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͷͪΒ; ͸ͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͳͬͰ ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ;ͻͪͯ;ͯͳ͹ͼ;ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪͷͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺ
ͼ͵͹Β ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ ͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ
̺͇͌̽
͊ͬΒͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͺͻ͹ͷͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱ
ͼͽ͹ͺͰ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͬͰͭͪ͹͸͹ͭ΃ͽ͹͸͹ͼͰͳͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳ ͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷ͹ͷ ͯͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͳΒͰͬͪ
ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁; ͯͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͠;ͭ͹ͬͳΕ

͆Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸͹ͼͳ ͼͪ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ ͵ͻͳͲͪͷͪ
Ͷ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪͷͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ΒͰͯͪ͸ΒͰ͹ͯͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳ΃ͳͻͰΔ;ͯͰͬͳ
Βͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔ̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͬ͹Β;ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪͼ͹
ͬ͸ͳ͹ͼΒͰΕͪΒͯͰͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͳΓ;ͯͳ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͯͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀΃ͪ͸ͼͳͳ
ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͆ͪΒͽͰͱͳ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸͹ͭͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ ͼ; ;ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪͼ ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͷͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳ
͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͆Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͲͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Βͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͬͻͼͽͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ
1
milosevic_biljana@ZBIPP.com

̸̸̹͇̺͇͇́͆͐́̈́͑̾́ͣ͑͑͡ͅ: ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͲͻͪͲͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ– ͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͹Β ΔͰͲͳ ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳ ͼ; ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ
͵͹ΒͰͳͲͬͳͻͰͳͲͼͪͷͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͳ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒΓ;ͯͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵ͳͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͳͶͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͫͳΓͰͱΒͳͷͪ͊ͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ
Ͷ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͻͪͲͯ͹ͻͰͳͲͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳ ͼͷͪΔ;ΒͰͼͰͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ͵͹΀ͰͲͳ
Βͪͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ͑͹΃͹
͈ͻͰͷͪ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͷ͈ͪͰ΂;ΒͶͳΕͪ ͯͬͪ
Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ; ͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͶͳ ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͫ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹
ͳ͸ͿͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸; ͼͽͻͪ͸; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̀ͪ ͸ͪͼ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽͪ͸ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͯͳ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͽͳͻͪΔͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳ ͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ ͼ;ͱͪͬͪΔͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ
΃ͽ͹͸ͰͳͲͫΒͰͱ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͷͪͶͳͭ͸ͳͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪt͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷ;ͶͪͼͬͰͫͻͱͰ
;ͬͰΕͪͬͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹;ͼ͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͳ
͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪi ͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̸͆͏̸̸̸̸̸͇͉̺͎͈͇̺͉͈̹́͆̈́͆́́̀̀̽̾́͆͋͆́͌̾͌̈́́͠͠͏͉͈͇́͊͊̓͠
̾͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͪͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͸ͪ ͹ͬͯͪ΃Δͳͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪΒͰ ͼͬͳ΀ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ;
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺͪ͸ͪ͹ͬͪͷ͹ ͪͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;Β;ͼͰͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͷͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ
͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰͳͼͪͷ͹ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͰͷͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ
ͳ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰͷ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵ͪͼͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸;͉ͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳͳͷ͹ͽͳ
ͬͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͼ;͹ͯ;ͬͳΒͰ͵ͫͳͶͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪ ͳͼͬͪ͵ͳͬͳͯ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪ
Δͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͬͰΕΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͫ͹ͻͫͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
Δͳ΀͌ͯͳΒͰͶ;ͻͪͯͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͶͳΒͰͯͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪΕͰͷ͹ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͶ͹ͱͳͽͳͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯͳ͹Ͱͷͺͳ
ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪͷͪ ; ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭ ͵ͻͪΒͰͷ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͰ͵͹Βͳͼ; ͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͰͲͪ Δͳ΀ ͽͰ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͰ ͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ
ͺͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͌Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ΒͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯ΂Ͱͭͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͱͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͪͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ
͸ͳ͵ͪͷ;΃͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͪ ͳͲͼͰͯͪͷ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪͯ͹ͯ͹
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͽͪͫͰͶͰ ͳ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈ͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β
̸̺͇͈͆̀́͑͋́͆̾ ̹͉͇͠ %
̸̸͇͇͉̺͇́͊͋͐͆͊̾͠ 40
̸̸̸̹̈́͌̓͢ 70
͇̹͇̽͠ 20
̸͈̈́̾ 30
͉̹͋̾́̾͢ 20
̸͉͇̻͋́͏̸ 20
͇̺͑̾̓́ͣ́ 20
͈͇͌̓͌͆ 220


͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹Ͷ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͈͇̈́ ̹͉͇͠ %
̿̾͆͊̓́ 113
͌͑̓́ͅ 105
̸̸͇̻͇̺͇͉͆̾̽ͅ 2
͈͇͌̓͌͆ 220
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̻͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ
̹͉͇͠ %
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͇ͯͯ͹
͇ͯͯ͹
͇ͯͯ͹ 41
͇ͯͯ͹ 24
͇ͯͯ͹
͇ͯͯ͹ 15
͇ͯͯ͹ 4
̺ͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ 11
͈͇͌̓͌͆ 220
͌ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͲͪ͹ͬ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͫͳ͹ΒͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͼͪ͸ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪ͹

͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹͸ͪΒͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͯͻ;΃ͽ͈ͬͪͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͸Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͼ;͸ͪΒ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͳͳ͸ͪΒͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͆ͪΒ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͺͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̸͆̾ͅ
̸̽ ͆̾ ̸͆̾̀͆ͅ ͈͇͌̓͌͆
̸͇̻͇̺͇͉̽
̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β
͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ
217 1 5 1 1 5 220 100

̓͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͪ
197 12 9 4 220 100

̓ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ
201 10 5 5 4 220 100

͊ͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͳͲͪ͵
202 11 5 4 3 220 100
ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ
̈́͹΃ͪͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸ͪ
24 9 23 7 220 100
Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ

̸͆̾ͅ
̸̽ ͆̾ ̸͆̾̀͆ͅ ͈͇͌̓͌͆
̸͇̻͇̺͇͉̽
̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β
̈́͹΃ͳͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ
149 33 15 30 220 100
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ
̈́͹΃Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ
179 4 3 2 7 2 220 100
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β
͆ͪͼͳΓͰ͸ͪͯͽͻͰΕͳͷ
113 4 45 5 50 7 12 5 220 100
Ͷͳ΁Ͱͷ
ͪͅͶ͹ΓͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͺͻ͹ͼ
3 42 1 44 20 220 100
ͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ
́ͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͼΒͪ΂Ͱ
112 9 5 44 20 220 100
ΔͰ
͈͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹͸ͪͼͳΓͰ
125 44 20 44 20 7 220 100
ͼͪͼͷͻͽ͸ͳͷͳͼ΀͹ͯ͹ͷ
͈Ͱͯ͹ͿͳͶͳΒͪ
137 3 30 44 20 9 1 220 100

̓͹΁͵ͪ
149 7 32 5 31 1 220 100
͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳ ͳͲ ͽͪͫͰͶͰ ͹ͼͬΒͰͽΓͪͬͪΒ; ͸ͪΒ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪΒͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ; ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ

͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͺͻͰͷͪ͹΁ΒͰ͸ͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͽ͹ ͼ; ; ͺͻͬ͹ͷ ͻͰͯ;͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹

͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ
ͳ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͪ
͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͭ͹ͻ;Εͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ;
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͳͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪtͺͻͪͽͳͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͰi͵ͪͯΒͰ͹ͬͪͬͻͼͽͪͯͰͬͳΒͪ
΁ͳΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ; ΒͰͻΒͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͼΓͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷͪ͐ͪ͵ͳ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯ͸ͪͼ ͵͹ΒFͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵;Ͱͽͪͺ;
ͼͽ͹ͺͪ
͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͵ͻͰΕͰͳͲ͸ͪͯ ΒͰͻͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ;Β; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽͰ ͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͶͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ;ͼͬͻ΀;ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ̾Ͷͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͳͪ͵ͽͳ
ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͳͲͷΒͰ΃ͽͪΔͰ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;ͯͻ;ͭͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ
; ͺ͹ͼͶ; ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͼ;͸ͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͷͽͰͻͰ͸; ͪͶͳͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳΒͰ ͅͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ̻͹Ͷ;ͫ͹ͬͳΕ

͇ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ;ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͼ;
͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹΂;ͬͪΒ; ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͲͳ ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳ ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳ ͻͪͯͪ ͽͰ
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪΒͪͬ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Δͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͰͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε ͪ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͳ
ͼ;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪͷͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͻͪͯͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ
͌ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̹ͳ͎͉͊ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹΁ͳ͵Ͷͳ΂͸͹Β͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸ͪ ͼͽͪͭ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͷ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͰ ͳ ͻͰ΁Ͱͼͳͬ͸ͳͷ
Ͱͽͪͺͪͷͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ΁ͳ͵Ͷ;ͼͪ ̹͹ͼ͸ͪ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯΔͳͷ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ
t8PSME5PQi ͽͻͰΕͪͲͰͷΓͪ;ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ͺͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͠͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸ͺ͹ͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ
ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ ͵͹Βͳ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͹ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͳ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ tͫΒͰͭͪi ͹ͯ ΔͰ ͼͪ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͼͪͷ͹

ͺͻ͹΃ͶͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̹ͳ͎ΒͰ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳͶ͹͹͵͹ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪͳͶͳ͹͵͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ2 ͌͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸͹ͷ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͰ͸Ͱ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͯͰͬͳΒͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΒͰͻ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͯͰͬͳΒͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹Β͹ͷ ͼͰ ͵ͻ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͸͹ͻͷͰ ͪͶͳ ͼͪ ΀;ͷͪ͸͹ͭ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ ͹͸ͪ ͼͰ
ͷ͹ͱͰͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳͳͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͵ͪ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ΒͰͻͼ;
͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹΃Ε; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ Γ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ ͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ
ͻͪͯͪ ͅͳͶ͹ͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ

͊ͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͵ͪ͹ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳͯΓͳͬͳΒͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͼͬ͹Β;͸ͪΒΒͪ΂;Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹
ͲͳΒ;ͳͷͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͽͳͺͪ͋͹t͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪiͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪΔͪ͵͹Βͳ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪͳ͸ͳͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ͹ͯ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͊ͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͷ;Ͷͽͳ
ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ΒͰͻͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͲͪͻͪͲ;ͷͳΒͰͬͪΔͰͳ
͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺ͹Βͷͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪΒͰͼ;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ ͯ͹΀͹ͯͪ͵ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Δͪͳͳͷ͹
ͬͳ͸ͪ
ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳͻͪͯ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͳ ͳ ͬͰͲͰ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͪ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͳ ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͳ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͪ
4UJHMJU[ 4FO
'JUPVTTJ ͼͽͻ
͈ͪͯͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ
͵͹ͼͽͳ ͷͰΌ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ ͯ͹ ΃ͳͻͰΔͪ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ; ͸ͰͼͶ;ΕͰ͸ͳͷ ͻͪͲͷΒͰͻͪͷͪ ͋ͻ͵ͪ Ͳͪ
ͫ͹ͭͪΕͰΔͰͷ ͺ͹΀ͶͰͺͪͲͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ Ͱͭ͹ͳͲͪͷ ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ͹ͫͰͲͬͻͳΒͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͳͼ͵͹͸
ͼ͵ͳ΀ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͸͹ͻͷͳ ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͰͳ͸ͪͬͰͶͳ͵;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁;ͷͰΌ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪ
͆ͪ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΒͰ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͹ͳ͋͹ͷͪͼ͈ͳ͵Ͱͽͳ;ͼͬ͹ͷͯΒͰͶ;̓ͪͺͳͽͪͶ;ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͺͻͬ͹ͷͬͳΒͰ
͵;̓ͻͪΒͰͷ99ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99*ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͽͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͰͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͪͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͆ͳͬ͹͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͼͰͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂Ͱ͈ͭͪͳ͵Ͱͽͳ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͹ͬͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͬͻͪΕͪͷ͹ ͸ͪ t͸ͪͼͶͳΒͰͯ͸ͳ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷi ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͹ͽͺ͹΂ͰͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳ͵͹ΒͪͳͯͪΓͰͽͻͪΒͰ ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳ
ͬͪΔͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͈ͻ͹ͯ;ͫ
ΓͳͬͪΔͰΒͪͲͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͺͻͪΕͰ͸͹ ΒͰͭͻͪͷͲͳͬ͹΃Ε;ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͯͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͯ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ ͳͭͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ
ͳ͸ͽͰ
ͻͰͼͪ ͸ͪͯ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͷ ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͺ͹΀ͶͰͺ͹ͷ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ
͸͹΃Ε; ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͊ͬͰ ͽ͹ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͼ͵; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;
͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀ͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ ͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͷtͺ͹ͻͰͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪΒͰͬͪi
ͳͶͳt͹Ϳ΃͹ͻ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪi 1JLFUUZ ͼͽͻ–

͑ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͽͻͰΕͰͺͶͪͼͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
ͳ
͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬΒͰΕ;Β;ͼͺ͹ͯͷͳͽΓͳͬ͹΃Ε; ¢ͺͻͳͷͪΔͰͷͷͳͽͪ ͳͪ͵͹͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͪ
;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;̻͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͪͯͪͼͰ
͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͪͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͬ͹ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͪΔͰ͸ͪͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸͹ͼͽΒͪͼͪ͸ΒͰ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓ͹͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ΒΒͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͳͺͻͪͬͪͻͳΒͰ΂;͸Ͱ͵͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ͋ͳͺͳ΂͸ͪΒͰͲͪ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸ͪ΃Ͱ̓͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷ;Ͷͪ
2
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ͭͪΔͳͷͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰ
;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳͳ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͹ͯ;΁ΒͰ͸ͪͳͳͲ͸;ͯͪ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ ͺͻͰ͵͹͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͬͪͻͪͳͺͻ͹͸ͰͬΒͰͻͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͷͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͪ ͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͯͪͶͳͲͷͪ
ͳͶͳͺͻͳΒͰͽΔͳ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ΁͇ͪͬͪ͵ͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͯΒͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͼ;ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͽͶ͹Ͳͪ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ
͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ͑͹΃͹

̸̸͉͍̻͇̺͇̻͇̾̈́̾̓͊́͊͋̾͆̽́͆̽̾̈́͠ͅt̸i͉͈̹͌̾͌̈́́͏͉͈͇́͊͊̓͠
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͬͳ΀͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͬͰΕͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
͸ͪͷΒͰͻͪͷͳΒͰͫͳͶͪͯͪ͹ͬͳͷͻͪͯ͹ͷ;͵ͪͱͰͷͳ͸ͪΒ͹΃͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͯ͹ͼͽͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͭ;ͫ
͸ͳΒͰ ͪͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪ͸Ͱͼ;͸ͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͰ͸͹΃Ε;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͽ͹͊ͽͰ͸ͯͳ͸ͭ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ;ͼͬ͹ͷͯΒͰͶ;͈ͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ ͬͳͯͳΓͳͬ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͰ͵ͪͻͳΒͪͽ
͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰΒͪͼ͸͹
ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͺͪͽͳ͹ͯt΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ̸i
anger BOPNJF BOYJFUZͳBMJFOBUJPO Γ;ͽΔͪͫͳΒͰͼ ͪ͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͽΒͰͼ͵͹ͫͪͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͳ͹ͽ;ΌͰΔͰ 4UBOEJOH

͊ͷͪͽͻͪͷͯͪΒͰͷ͹ͯͰͶt΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ̸iͺͻͳͷΒͰΔͳͬ ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͵ͪͯΒͰͻͳΒͰ΂
͹ͪ͸͹ͷͳΒͳͳͽΒͰͼ͵͹ͫͳ ͳͶͳͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵;ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͷ͵͹ͯͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β
͵͹Βͳͳͷͪͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͰͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͽͳͺ͇ͪͬͯΒͰͺͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͼͪͷ͹ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ –
¢ͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬ͹ ;ͼͶͳΒͰͯͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͽͻͺͰ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸ͳͷͲͪͯ;ͱͰΔͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹
ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪͳͶͳͻͳΒͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪ;ͼͬ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
́Ͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͼͪͲ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ͹ͯ ;͵;ͺ͸͹
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ Δͳ΀ ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸͹Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ͸͹ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̓ͻͰͯͳͽ͸͹Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰΔͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̸͆̾ͅ
̸̽ ͆̾ ͈͇͌̓͌͆
̸͇̻͇̺͇͉̽
̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β ̹ͻ͹Β
̽ͪͶͳͼͽͰ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸͹
125 8 92 3 5 220 100
Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ͸ͳ
́ͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯͺͳͽͪΔͪͳͲ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪ
ͽͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬͪͺͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͷ͹ͲͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵͆ͪͳ
ͷͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯ ͼͬͳ΀͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͪΕͳ ͼͬͪ͵ͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͼͪͶ͵͹΀͹ͶͳͲͷ͹ͷͳ͸ͪͻ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͹ͽͺͶͪͽͰ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͫͳͽͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͲͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ ͳͽ͹; ͽͪͫͰͶͪͫͻ
͊ͷͪͽͻͪͷͯͪΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͲͪͳͼͽͪͿͻͪ
ͺͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ ͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪ͸͸͹ͬͳͷ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͳͷͪͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪͳ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ;ͼͶͳ
ΒͰͯͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ ͳͽΒͰͼ͵͹ͫͰͳͶͳͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͪ
͵͹ΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹͹ͼΒͰΕ͈ͪͻͳͷΒͰͻͪͻͪͯͳ ͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;͸ͪͲͪͯ ͼͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͺͻ͹
ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪͼ;ͼͰͼ;͹΂ͳͶͳͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ̸͊̽ ͵ͪͯͼ;͵ͪͷͪͽͰͫͳͶͰͬͰ͹ͷͪ͸ͳͼ͵Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷ͹ͷͳͶͳ
͹͸ͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͯͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͰ ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰͳ͵;ΕͰ͵ͪ͹ͲͪͶ͹ͭ͵͹ͯ
ͫͪ͸ͪ͵̹ͪͪ͸͵Ͱͼ;ͯͪͬͪͶͰ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͰ΂ͪ͵ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͯ͹ͼͳΒͰ͸ͰͺͶͪͽͳ΃͈ͪͻͰͷͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ

ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͯ;ͭ;ΒͰ;ͺͻ͹ͼΒͰ͵;ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪͪͅͼ͹ͬ͸ͪ͵;ͺ͹ͬͳ
͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ͸ͪ ; ̸ͷͰͻͳ΁ͳͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͳͼͳͶͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;΁ͳΒͰ͸;́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͫͪ͸͵Ͱͼ;͹ͬͰ
ͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͰͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪͶͰ;͹ͫͬͰͲ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͯͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳͷͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻͳͷ͇ͪ͸ͳͼ;ͺͪ͵
ͽͰ͹ͫͬͰͲ͸ͳ΁ͰtͺͻͰͺͪ͵͹ͬͪͶͳi ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ;Εͳͳ΀ͯͪΓͰ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ͊ͬͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳͼͬͰͯ͹͵ͼͰ
͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͯͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͯͪ͹ͽͺͶͪΕ;ΒͰ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͰͲͫ͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪ͵ͪͷͪͽͪ
̓ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͷ͸͹ͭͰͫͪ͸͵Ͱͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪ΃ͶͰ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳͯͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪͺͶͪͽͳͽͳͯ;ͭ͹ͬͰ ͸ͳͽͳͺͻ͹ͯͪͽͳ
͵;ΕͰͯ;ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΒͰͻͳͷΒͰ;ͷͰΌ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͺͪͶͪ΁Ͱ͸ͪ͋ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͼͶͳΒͰͯͳ͹Ͷͪ͸΂ͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͼ
͸ͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͳΒͰͽͪ
̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͱͳͬͰ ͼͪͪ͸͵ͼͳ͹Ͳ͸͹΃Ε; ¢΀ͻ͹͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε; ͼͬΒͰͼ͸ͳͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹Β
ͳͬͳ΁ͳͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͳ Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͯ͸ͪͭͻͰ΃͵ͪ ͳͶͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͯͳ͹Ͷ͹΃ͰͼͻͰΕͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͵ͪͷͰ͸ͼͺ͹ͽͳ΁ͪ
Δͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͰͼͰͭ;ͫͳͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼ͵ͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͼΒͪ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͼͬͳ
ΒͰͼ͸ͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͪͷͫͳ΁ͳΒͰͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ 4UBOEJOH ͼͽͻ
͉ͪͼͽ;ΕͪͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͺͻͳͷͳͶͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͋ͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͪΒͰ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͳͲͻͪ
ͱͰ͸ͪ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͽͪͶͪͼ;͵ͻͳͲͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸͹΃ͽͻͳͷͺͻͰ͹͵ͻͰͽ͹ͷ;Ϳͳͼ͵ͪͶ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳͻͪͲͬͳ
ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͹ͯͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳͬ͸Ͱͯ͹ͻͰͼͽͻͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͶͪͺͼͼͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͼͽ͹ͺͰͼ;ͳ΁ͳͯͪ
͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͻͪͲͳ͹;́ͽͪͶͳΒͳ ̻ͻ΂͵͹Βͳ́ͻͼ͵͹Β ͭͯΒͰΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͼͪ͹;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͷͪͶͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳ
ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͶͰͱ; ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸;͵͹ΒͳΒͰ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪͶͪ͵ͪ͹tͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬͪͲͫ͹ͭ Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰi3
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪͽͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ
̸͇̻͇͆̾̽ͅ
̸̽ ͆̾ ͈͇͌̓͌͆
̸̺͇͉
͈͹ͼΒͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͶͳ
͵;ͺ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪ 30 153 5 1 5 220 100
̓;ͺ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ
5 132 1 5 220 100
ͪ͸ͽͳͯͰͺͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͶͳΒͰ͵͹ͬͪ
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͼͪͯͻ͹ͭ͹ͷͳͶͳ
8 2 220
ͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷ͹ͷ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ;
100 45 119 1 1 5 220 100
ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͳ
͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ;΃͵͹ͶͳͳͶͳ͸ͪ
3 3 1 5 220 100
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;
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3
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ͬΓ;Β;ͯͪͫͳͼͰͳͲͫΒͰͭͶ͹ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹;Ͳ͸ͰͷͳͻͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ̽͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͳͲͬͰͯͰͲͪ͵
Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪͼ;ͲͰͷΓͰ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳͳͼͪͼͶͪͫ͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͹ͷͺ͹ͭ͹ΌͰ͸Ͱ͹ͬͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷ
̺ͰͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͸ͰͳͲͬΒͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͪͬͪͲͪ͹͵;ͺͳͶͪΒͰͺͪͱΔ;ͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪͼͪ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̓ͰͷͫͻͳΘ; ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͶͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸;ͬͰͲ;ͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪ ͳͼͽͳ΂;ΕͳͯͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸
ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͰΓ;ͯͳ ͪͶͳͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼ;͹ͺͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͰͷΒͰͻͰ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͯͳͻ;;ͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͈ͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͼͰͯͪͫͳͷΒͰͻͰ΃ͽͰͯΔͰͷ͹ͭͶͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳ
ͽͳ; ͰͺͳͯͰͷͳΒ; ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ͑͹΃͹
͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷ̸ͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼͽͬ͹͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͻͪͼͽͰͳͼͬͪ͵ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸ΒͰ;ͺͻ͹ͼΒͰ͵;Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ͸͹͵͹
̓ͅͳͶͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͰͬͻͪ 4 ͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳΕͰͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰΔͳͷͪ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͻͪͼͽͳͳͼͽ͹ͺͪͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͪͬͪ͊ͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵͈͉ͪ͌ͪͅͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͯͪΒͰͫͻ͹Β
ͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͪͬͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͫͳ͹͇ͬͪΒͫͻ͹ΒΒͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪΔͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸;
͵ͪͯͪΒͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͼ;ͳ΁ͳͯͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯΒͰͶͪ5 ͌͹͵ͬͳͻ;͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͯͪͽͳ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΃ͳͷͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸͹Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ͸ͳ ͳͷͪ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ
ͼͽͻͪ΀;Β; ͳ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΒ; ͹ ͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬ; ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͪ͸ ͽΒ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͷ͹ ͸ͪ΃;
΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲ; ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͬͳͯͳͳͲͽͪͫͰͶͰͳͲ ͭͯΒͰ ΒͰͳͲͷΒͰͻͰ͸ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͬͰͯͬͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͵͹ΒͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳr= Q ͉ͪͯͳͼͰ͹͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͪͶͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͽͰͼͽͪͽͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͸ͳͷͪͶ͹Ͳͪ͸ͰͷͪͻΓͳͬͪ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸͹Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ͸ͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰ͹ͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬ;
͉ͪͲͷͳ΃Γͪͷ͹ͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬ;
͆Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹
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͊ͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ;
ͼͿͰͻͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͪͺͻͳΒͰͼͬͰͭͪ;ͼͿͰͻͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
͊ͬͰ ͹ͬͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ ͷͳΓͰ Ͳͪ ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͯͰͬͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͪͽͪ͵͹ͳͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ̈́ͳ΂͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͻͪͲͻͳΒͰ΃ͰΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ
͸͹ͭͽͰͻͰͽͪͺͻͰͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͪͶͳͺͳͽͪΔͰ;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͪͬͪ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͳ͹ͲͫͳΓͪ͸ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ̽ͪͬͰͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͳͲͪͳͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ͸Ͱͫͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹; ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪͬ͵Ͱ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰ;ͻͪͯͳͽͳ͹ͺͼͰͱ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͰ͸; ΂ͳΒͳͫͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒͰͺͳͶͳ
ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͳΒͰͶͳͫ͹ΓͰͷͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͷͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͲͪͺ͹΃Γͪ
ͬͪΔͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ
͑͹΃͹

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͌ͬͳͯ͹ͷ;ͯͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͬͳͯΓͳͬͰͼ;͸ͪΒͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͰͯͰͬͳΒͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͲͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷͯͳΒͰ
Ͷ͹ͷͼ;ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪͼͶͪͫͰͪͯͪͺͽͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͸ͪ͸͹ͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͰͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͰ
; ͼͬͳͷ ͼͿͰͻͪͷͪ ͇͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͲͻͪͲ ͳͶͳ ͼͶͳ͵; ͯͰͬͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ΀;ͻͪͼ͵͹ͻͪ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;Β͹΃;ͬͳΒͰ͵ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹͵͹ͬͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͽͰͭͪ͋͹ΒͰ
ͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹Ͳͪͼͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͵͹Βͪͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ;͵Ͷ͹ͺͰ;
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͽ͹͵͹ͬͰ ΃ͽ͹͸͹ͼͳ͸ͳͲͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͪ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪͽͳͼ͸ͰͳͲ
ͬΒͰͼ͸͹΃Ε;ͺ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪ ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳͷ͵ͪͻͳΒͰͻͪͷͪ ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͻ͹΂͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸ͳͷ
ͺͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͪ Ͷ͹΃ͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͼͶͪͫ͹ͷͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͹ͷ ͽͰ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸͹ ͺ͹ͽͰ΃
͵͹Εͪͷͪ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͺͻ͇ͪͬͪͬͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͺͪͽͪ͵͹ͳ͉̹͊ͳ͎ ͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸Ͱͼ;ͼͯͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷ ͻͰ΁ͰͼͳΒ͹ͷ ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ͹ͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ
͸͹΃Ε; ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͷͳ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵͹ͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͇ͪͬͪͼͽͪΒͰ͸ͪͷ͸ͪͯͪͯͪ;͸ͳͲ;ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵ͻͪ΀͹ͬͪ ͻͪͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͳͲͫΒͰͭͶͳ΃ͽͬͪ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͳͼ;ͷ͹ͭͶͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͽͳͼͬͳͷͽͳͷ͸͹ͬͳͷ͸ͪͷͰͽͳͷͪ;ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͬͪ
ͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͸ͰΕͰtͻΒͰ΃ͰΔͰiͬͳͯΒͰͽͳ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͽͰͲͳͷͪ ͺͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ
͸ͳ;͸ͪΒͭ͹ͻͰͷͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͼ;ͳ΁ͳͯ
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̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ̹ͪΔͪͶ;͵ͪ̾̽͏
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SUMMARY
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DPOUFNQPSBSZHMPCBMJ[BUJPOQSPDFTTFT5IFFNQIBTJTJTPOUIFJOBCJMJUZPGJOEJWJEVBMTUPDPQFXJUIUIFJNQP
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QBQFSBSFQBSUPGUIFFNQJSJDBMSFTFBSDIPOTPDJBMDIBOHFTJOUIF3FQVCMJDPG4SQTLB DPOEVDUFEJOMBUF
KEYWORDS: HMPCBMJ[BUJPO 3FQVCMJDPG 4SQTLB EFWJBOUQIFOPNFOPO
572

̸̺͇̺̾͊͆̽́̈́͋̾́ͣ͠ͅ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͆ͳ΃; ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ͸ͪͻͪͯ;
̸̸͈͇͈͊͆̾̿͆͊́ͣ2
̸̸̸̸͈͉͇͉̹͈͊̾͆͊͋͊́̾̀̽͋͠ͅ͏́͌͠
̸̸͈͉͇͆̓̈́́͋͊̓̾̾͆̾ͅͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͶͳͷͰ͸ͳͼ;͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͺͻͰͽ
΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪͯͪͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͫͳͶͰͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹
ͭͰ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͺͻͰͼ;ͯͪ͸Ͳͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰͲͪͭͻͰͬͪΔͪͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͰ
ͳͰͿͰ͵ͽͪͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͰͼ;ͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵Ͱͳͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͳͲ;ͷͳͻͪΔͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͫͳΓ͸ͳ΀ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͼ
ͽͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹ͯͳͲͪΔͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͷ͹ͻͪ ͽ͹ͺΓͰΔͪͶͰͯͪ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͰͻͰͱͳͷͪͺͪͯͪͬͳ
͸ͪ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͺ͹Γ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳͽ͇ͯͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;
ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͳ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͯͪΓͰͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͬͰΕ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͻͳͲͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͳͷͪΒ;ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ
̓ͪ͵͹ͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͳ;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰ΁ͰͶ͹
͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͌ͺͻͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͻͪͯͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳ
;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ; ͫ͹ͻͫͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͌ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ
ͯͰͶ; ͹ͼͬͻΕͰͷ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͲͪͫ͹ͻͫ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪΔͰ͸Ͱ
ͯͪΓͰͽ͹͵͹ͬͰ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
1
vesna.miltojevic@znrfak.ni.ac.rs
2
snezanapopic@gmail.com
3
͉ͪͯ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ ; ͼͪͻͪͯΔͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͵ͳ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ t͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͫͻ ͇́
ͳ t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͫͻ ́́́
͵͹ΒͰ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ
ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Β͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
573
̺͇͉͌̽͆̾̾͐́
͈͹΂Ͱͬ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪ̀ͰͷΓͪͼͰͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪͼͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͲͪͭͻͰ
ͬͪΔͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪ;͹͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳ;͵͹Β͹Βͼ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰ͹ͼͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͫͰͲͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͲͪͭͻͰͬͪΔͰͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͰͳ͹͵Ͱͪ
͸ͪ ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͶͰͯͪͳͼ͸Ͱͭͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͷ͹ͻͪ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͭͪͼ͹
ͬͪͼͰͿͰ͵ͽ͹ͷͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͰ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͰͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ 4 ́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;͹ͺͼͰͭͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ;͹΂ͪͬͪͼͰͯͪͰͿͰ͵ͪͽͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͰ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͼ͵͹ͷ ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΃ͽͰͽ͸ͳ΀ ͭͪͼ͹ͬͪ ;ͭΓͰ͸ͯͳ͹͵ͼͳͯ͹ͷ ͷͰͽͪ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͪͲ͹ͽ
͹͵ͼͳͯ͹ͷ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ̽͹ͼͪͯͪΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͼ͵ͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
͵ͪ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͭͪͼ͹ͬͪͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͰ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͼͬͰͽ;ͬͰΕͳ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ̓ͻͪΒΔͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͷ͇͵ͬͳͻ͸Ͱ
͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰ
;΂Ͷͪ͸; ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͪΒͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͭͪͼ͹ͬͪͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͰ;ͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͵͹ΒͳͫͳͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪ͹͹ͺͪͼ͸Ͱͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͭͰ͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ͸ͪ
͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΔͰͰ͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͰ͵Ͷͳ
ͷͳ ΂ͳͷͰ͸ͰͫͳͫͳͶͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳͽͳͼͺͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͯͪΓͳͼͽͪͫͳͶͪ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͲ
ͬ͹Β͊ͽ͹ͭͪͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰ ͪ͹͸ͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪtͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;͵ͶͳͷͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͳͶͳ
ͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͪͽͷ͹
ͼͿͰͻͰ ͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͼ;ͺͰͻͺ͹͸ͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͵͹ͶͰͫͪΔͪ ͵ͶͳͷͰ ͹ͼͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸ͪ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͬͳ΀
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪi ΂Ͷͪ͸ͽͪ΂͵ͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔ;͇͵ͬͳͻ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰ
ͯ͹͵͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͶͳͷͰt͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ;
ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹Β ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹Β ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͳͶͳ ͫͳ͹ͽͳ ;ͼͻͰͯ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͵ͶͳͷͰ ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͷͪΒ; Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ ΃ͽͰͽ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪͼͪͼͽͪͬ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪΔͪͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀
Ͱ͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͳͶͳ ͸ͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͳͶͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ ͳ
ͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͰi ΂Ͷͪ͸ͽͪ΂͵ͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ
̹͹ͻͫͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼͰ
ͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪΔͰ͸͹ͭ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͪͲͪͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β ;͸ͳΒͳͅ͸͹ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ͵;͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰͼ;͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ
͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͼͳ͸΀ͻ͹͸ͳͲ;ΒͰͼͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ̽͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ
ΔͪͳͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͬͪͱͰΕͳ΀ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ͪͲͰͷΓͪtͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ΀ͪͻͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹i ΒͰͻ ͼͰ Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;ΒͰ tͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪi /BEJǀ ͼͽͻ
̓͹Ͷͳ͵ͳΒͰ
͸ͪͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳΔͰ͸;ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͬͳͯͰͽͳͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳΒͰͳ;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͼͺͻͰ
ͷ͸ͪͲͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
4
͋ͪ͵ͬͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͪͯͪͽͪͼ;;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪͅͰΌ;ͬͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͭͺͪ͸ͰͶͪ͹͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ͸ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ *1$$ 4QFDJBM 3FQPSU on &NJTTJPO 4DFOBSJPT – 43&4
ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͯͪΕͰͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸Ͱ ͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ͸ͪ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ Ͳͪ –3º$ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀ ͪ
ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͷ͹ͻͪͳ͹͵Ͱͪ͸ͪͫͳΕͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸Ͳͪ͹͵͹cm.
574
͇̺́̈́͋̾́ͣ͠ͅ ͈͇͈́ͣ͊ͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͲͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
͇͊͏̸̸̸͇͇͈͉͈͈͉͇́̈́͑̓́́͊͋͌̓̈́́͋͊̓́̾͆ͅͅͅͅ
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͼͬͰͼͽ͹Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷ͈ͪͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ
͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͺͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͼͬͰͼͽ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹͹ͫ;
΀ͬͪͽͪͼͬͰͼͽ͹Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷ͇ͪͬͪ͵ͬͪͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ;ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;ͺͻͰ
ͺͶͳͽͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ;ͼͶͰͯ ΂Ͱͭͪ ͼͰ ;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ; ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪ 5PEJǀ
ͼͽͻ
͌Ͳͻ͹͵ͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͸ͪΕͳ;ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΁ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͪ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΂͸͹ͳ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͬͰ;͵;ͺ͸͹͹ͯͻͪͲͳͶ͹ͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͪ ΒͰͻtͼ;ͼͰ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬͰͯ͹ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͰͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭ
ͬͰ͵ͪ ͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪͶͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳi 8FBSU ͺͻͰͷͪ 5PEJǀ ͼͽͻ
̀ͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͼͰ ͼͬͰ Βͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ
ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͲͪͷ;Ͷͽͳͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹΃Ε; ͪ͹͵;ͺͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬ͹ͷͽͰͷ͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͳͻͪ͸ͪΒͰͳ
;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪ– ͹ͯͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ
ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹ͫ;
΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͰͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͭͰ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
͈͹ͯͼͰΕͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ͊ͽ͹͵΀͹Ͷͷͼ͵ͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰ
ͫ͸͹t͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵Ͱ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͳͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒ; ͳͲͫͰͭ͸;ͳͶͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;ͼͻͰͯͳ
͸;i ̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ̓͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ;͊ͽ͹͵΀͹Ͷͷ;;ͅͳͶ
ͽ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
͹ͼͽͪΒͰ;ͽͳͼͪ͵ͯͪΒͰͳͯͪΓͰͳͼͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͺͰͼͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͭ;
Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ ͳ ;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͊ ͽͳͷ ;
ͬͰͲͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ ; ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹
ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͼͰͭͷͰ͸
ͽͰ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;
ͽͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ5 tͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΒͰͻ
ΒͰ;͹΂Ͱ͸͹ͯͪ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͳͯ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͳΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͳͲ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸͹ͬͳ΀
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͳ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ;͵ͪͲͪΕͰͷ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪ͹
5
͇ͬͪΒ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪΒ͹ͺ΃ͽͳΒͰ ͼͰ tͷ͹ͱͰ ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͵͹Βͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;
͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ Ͱ͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ; ͫͳ͹ͼͿͰͻͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ;
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͫͳͶ͹͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͭͫͳΕͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪi ͅͳͶͽ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͰͼͰͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;͸ͪ;΁ͳt͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͸͹ͬͪͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͫͪ΁ͪͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹
͸͹ͬ͹ ͼͬͰͽͶ͹ ͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;ΒͰ ͸͹ͬ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͳ
ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵Ͱ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͆͹ͬͪͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪ ͳͲ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀Ͷͪͫ͹ͻͪͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ;
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͭ͹͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;Εͳ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ Ͳͪ Ͱͯ;͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ΀͹ͷ͹ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͪ΁ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͹͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͯͰ͹͸͹ͬͰ͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱͼ;ͺ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͳͼͪΔͪ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭ
575
͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͪͳͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪΔͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ́͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫ;ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;
;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͸ͪͽͻͪ͸ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͯͳͻͪΔͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ;͵ͪͷͪ ͪ ͽ͹ ;
͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;ΒͰͳ͹ͬͪͷͳͼͪ͹
t̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͪ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽ ΒͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪ Γ;ͯͳ ͸Ͱ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ; ͸ͪ ̀ͰͷΓͳ
ͻͪͯͳͼͰͫͰͼͪͷͳ΀͇͸ͳͼ;ͯ;ͱ͸ͳͯͪͺͻͪͬͳͶ͸͹ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹ͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͼͬͰͽ;͵͹Βͳͳ΀͹͵ͻ;
ͱ;ΒͰ ͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ;Β; ͼͬͰͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͬ͹ΓͰͳͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΒ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;
ͫͳ͹ͼͿͰͻ͸; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;͇ͼ͸͹ͬ;͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͰͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͱͳͬͳͼͪ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ;Ͳͯͻ;ͭͰͳͲͪͯͻ;ͭͰ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
;Ͳ͹ͺͽͳͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ͊ͽͬͪͻͪ
ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͼͿͰͻͪ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ Ͳ͸ͪΔͳͷͪi
ͅͳͶͽ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
.
͌Ͷͻͳ΀ ̹Ͱ͵ ΒͰ ; ͼͬ͹ͷ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷ ͯͰͶ; ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͻͳͲͳ΂͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
͹ͺͳͼͪ͹ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵;
͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͽͲͬͼͳͼͽͰͷͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ̓Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͪtͻͳͲͳ΁ͳͼ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͳ
ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͪͲͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͳͷͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪi #FL ͼͽͻ

͇ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰͼͪͯͻͱͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ͹ͯ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ
΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͸;ͯͳͶͰͷ;ͯͪͶͳͼͰ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͌ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ;ͬͰͲͳͼ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪ
;͵ͻ΃ͽͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ ͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΔͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼ ͹ͬͳͷ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͲͪͬͳͼͰ ͹ͯ
΃ͳͻͳ͸Ͱͳͯ;ͫͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵
ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ͳ
ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͸͹ͼͰͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ
5PEJǀ ͼͽͻ

̾͸ͽ͹͸ͳ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀
ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͰͻͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ;ͬͰͲͳͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹
ͷͰ͸ͪͷ͈ͪͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͸ͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͳͷͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͳͷͪ͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽ
ͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳͽͪ͵ͪͬͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹t̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ͹ͬͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼi;
͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͪͽͬͻͯΔͪtͯͪΕͰ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͲͪͭͻͰͬͪΔͰͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ ͷͪ͵͹Ͷͳ
͵͹ͼͽͻͪ΃͸ͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͶͰ ͸ͳͼ;;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͹ͺͳͺΓͳͬͰ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͰͳͬͳͯΓͳͬͰ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ
Γ;ͯͳͷͳͻ͸͹ͼͰͯͰͽͳͳ͸ͰΕͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;Δͳ΀ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͳ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹̸Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΕͰͲͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ
͸; ͪ͵΁ͳΒ; ͪ͵͹ ΂Ͱ͵ͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͹͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸; ͬͳͯΓͳͬͰ ͳ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸Ͱ ͫͳͽͳ ͳͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͵ͪͼ͸͹i
(JEFOT ͼͽͻ
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ͹ͬͰͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͰͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͼͪͯͻͱͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪ

ͯͻͱͪͬ;ͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ
ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͬͳ΀ Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ

ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͸ͳͼ͵͹;ͭΓͰ͸ͳ΂
͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ

ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͲͪͭͻͰͬͪΔͪ;ͺͻͬͳ ͺͶͪ͸
ͼͪͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͪͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͋ͪ͵͹ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰͯ;ͭͳͷͪͻ΃͵ͻ͹ͲͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ͯ͹͸͹ͬͳ΀͵ͻͳͲͪ

ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪͳ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;Β;͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͸͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪi ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ–

ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ͼͻͪͲͷͰͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͪͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ

ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ –
͊ ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪ
ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰͳͳͲͪͲ͹
ͬͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͼͶ͹ͱΔͪͬͪ ͸Ͱ΂;ͯͳ΃ͽ͹ ͳͯͪΓͰ
tͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͰ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͪͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͱͳͬͳ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ͵͹ΒͪͳͷͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͰͻͪͼ
ͽͪΔͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵;͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹Ϳ;́ͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͰ͵ͻͳͲͰͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳͯ͹ͯͳͻ;Β;
ͼͬͰ ͫͳ͹ͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳ ͪͫͳ͹ͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ Γ;ͯͳ ͽΒ ͼͬͰ ͵ͪͻͳ͵Ͱ
ͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͼͿͰͻͰ– ͫͳ͹ͽͰ΀͸͹ͼͿͰͻ;ͳͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͼͿͰͻ;i ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌ͱͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͰͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ
΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;ͯͬͰ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͷͳͽͳͭͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ. ̓Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹
ͷͰ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͷͻͰͱͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͪ͹͸ͼͰͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͯͬͪ
͵͹ͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ
;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͽͳͭͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰ ͳͶͳ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͰͷͳͼͳΒͰ
ͭͪͼ͹ͬͪͼͰͿͰ͵ͽ͹ͷͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͰ
7
ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ
Βͪ΂ͪΔͰ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳͷͳ͸ͳͷͳͲͳͻͪΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ
͸ͳ΀ͰͿͰ͵ͪͽͪ
. ͇ͬͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
Β; ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͰ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͺͻͰͷͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪͅͰΌ;ͬͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͭͺͪ͸ͰͶͪ͹
͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͹ͬͰͷͰͻͰͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͼ ΁ͳΓͰͷ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͪ ΃ͽͰͽͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
*1$$ͺͻͰͷͪ%JNPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
͌ͬͰͲͳͼͽͳͷ ͽͻͰͫͪͼͰͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳͽͳͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ
tͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ͫͪͲͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪiͳ ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͪ ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͭͪΌͪͯͻͱͪͬ; ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪ΃
Ͷͳ΂͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͹͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ;ͲͳͷͪͳͲͬͰͼ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ ͫͳͶ͹
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͫͳͶ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ (JEFOT ͼͽͻ
͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵; ͻͰ΂ΒͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ tͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͬ;͵; ͸ͪͯ͹ͶͰ ͳ ͸ͪͭ͹ͻͰi ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͼͽ͹

̓ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ; ͭ͹ͻ;Εͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀
ͺͳͽͪΔͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹Ͳͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͷ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰͦ͹ͪ͸ͪ
̓ͪͻͷͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͻ;ͻͪͶ͸;ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ
΁ͳΒ;ͳͺ͹Γ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͰͻͰͭͳΒͰ ͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ;ͻͫͪ͸ͰͲ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͻͳͲͳ΂
͸ͳͷͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ $BSNJO ͼͽͻ
̽ͪͫͳͼͰͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ΃ͳͻͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͳͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͯͳ΁ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ ͪ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;͹ͬ͹ͭͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͷ͹ͭ;ͪͺͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͪͽͳͼͶͰͯͰΕͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ
7
͌ ͬͰͲͳ ͼ ͽͳͷ ͆ͳ͵͹Ͷͪͼ ͊ͽͰͻ͸ ΒͰ ;͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͸ͪ ͽͻͳ ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪt΁Ͱ͸ͪ ;ͭΓͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳ;͵ͶͪΔͪΔͰͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪi 4JNVSEJǀ
ͼͽͻ.
͈ͻͰͷͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ; ͹ͬͪ ͽͻͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͪ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͰͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹
ͬͻͰͯ͸;Β; ΒͰͻ ; ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͷ͹ͱͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͽͳ ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ
;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ

͇ͬͯͰ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯ͹ͯͪͽͳ ͯͪ tͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ; ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͷͪΔͳ ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ̸ͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱi %JNPWJǀ ͼͽͻ

577
t
͑ͽͪ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪͲͪ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͺͶͪ͸ͳͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͪ
ͯͻ;ͭͰ͸Ͱ ̓͹ΒͰͼ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵Ͱ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͰ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͷͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ̓͹Βͳ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ ͼ; ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͳͷͪͶͰ ;ͼͺͰ΃ͪ͸
͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͲͪͺͶͪ͸ͳͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͰͻͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ

̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰͳͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͳͭͻͪͯͪͯ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
́ͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͊ͰͬͰͻͪͳ͠;ͭͪ ͌͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸ͭͰ͸ͽ͸͹;ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΔ;ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ
͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͪͻͪΔͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ

̓͹ΒͳΕͰͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͪͫͳͽͳͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳ;͵Ͷͳͷͪͽ
ͼ͵͹Βͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ ̓͹Βͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͼ;͸ͪΒͳ͸͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ ̓ͪ͵͹ͳͲͯͬ͹Βͳͽͳ͸ͪΒͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ

̓͹ΒͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰΕͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳ;ͻͫͪ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳͯͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͰͬ;Ͷ͸ͰͻͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼ;ͫͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ͵͹ͻͪ΁ͳͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͳ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰ
ͫͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͌͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳΕͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͶͪͷ͹ͬͪ ͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀
͸ͪͼͰΓͪ
ͫͳͽͳ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ;ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰ i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–

͇ͬͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͼ;ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͪͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͲͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͰͬͶͪ
ͯͳ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͪ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ΒͰͻ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪ΃ͳͻͳ͸;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͻͰ΃ͳͽͳ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͷͲͪͻͪͯͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͪͳ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰͷ
ͳͲͻͪͯͳ ͸ͪΒͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
͵ͪ͵͹͵ͻͰͳͻͪͽͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Ε;ͳͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸͹͹ͯͻͱͳͬ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͆ͳ͵͹Ͷͪͼ͊ͽͰͻ͸ ͫͳͬ΃ͳͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͪ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵Ͱͳ΃ͰͿ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰͲͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͯͰ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͹ΒͰtͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪiͳ ;ͼͬ͹ͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ;
ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͯͪΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵Γ;΂͸ͪͲͪͫͪͬΓͰΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͳͲͫͰΕͳ ΒͰͻΕͰ͹͸ͪt;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪͯ͹͸ͰͽͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͲͪ͵͹ΒͰ
͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪi ͺͪ ΒͰ Ͳͪͽ͹ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͽͳ t͹͵ͬͳͻ Ͳͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ΕͰ
;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪͽͳ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͳ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ͼͻͰͯΔͳ ͳ ͯ;ͱͳ ͻ͹͵i ͯͪΒ;Εͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ
΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
t
ͬͳͼ͹͵͹͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸Ͱ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ ͵Ͷͳͷͳ ͳ ͪͶͪͽ Ͳͪ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͻͳͲͳ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ ΕͰ ;
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔ;ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ͈ͪ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪ͸ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͪͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΔͪͫͳΕͰ͹ͯ͵Γ;΂
͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͵͹ͯ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͺͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͳ͹Ͷ;Βͪ
ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪͳͼͽͪ
͸ͯͪͻͯͳ;΂ͳ͸͵ͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ ͹΀ͻͪͫͻͰͯͪ ͼͰͳ͵͹ͯͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͯΒͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪ; ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰͳ
ͯͻ;ͭ;ͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸;ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;;͹ͫͲͳͻ;Ͳͷ;͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
ͬͶͪͯͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͼ;
͵ͻ͹Ͳͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͲͪΒͪͬ͸ͪͯ͹ͫͻͪ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬͪ͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͹ͫͪͶͰͳͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͬͪ͸ͻͰͯ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͽͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒ
ͼ͵ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪ͸ͪΒͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͰ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ͸ͪΒͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͽͳ͸ͪΒͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪ ͳ ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰͫͳ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͰ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ; ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳ ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΔͰ
i 4JNVSEJǀ
ͼͽͻ–

́ͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͯͳͶͰͷͰ ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͭ;
ͫͳͽͳͻͰ΃ͳͬͰ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͵͹Βͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ͸;ͱ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ

ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ͳͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͫͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͵ͪ͹tͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪͲͯͻͪͬ͹ͷͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱi
Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪͶͰ ͺͻͬ͹ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ; ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ9 tΒͰͻ ͸ͳͬ͹ Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͼͬͳ΀ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯΔͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪi ͅͳͶͽ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ ͹ͯ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͵ͪ͹ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ
΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͪͺ͹Γͪ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͻͪͲͷͰͻͰͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ
Ͳͫ͹ͭ ΂Ͱͭͪ ͫͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͼͶͪͫͳͶͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͳ Ͳͪ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͊ͬͰ ͽ͹ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͵ͪ
Ͱ͸͹ͻͷ͸ͳͷͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ΂ͳΒͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸Ͱ͸ͳ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͪͶͳͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͪͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰͯͪΕͰ͹͸ͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͽͳͯͰͼͰͽͳ͸ͰͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ
ͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ 4JNVSEJǀ ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸͈̽͋͏̸̸̸͈͉͇́͆̓̈́́͋͊̓̾̾͆̾͠ͅͅ–̸͇̻͇̹͎̽̈́̈́͆́́͆́͏̸̸̺́͋́͠
̸̸̸̸͇͇͇̻͈͉͉̹̽̈́̓̈́͆̈́͆́͌͊́́͢͠
̹͹ͻͫͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪ ͼͰ͸ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͳ ; ͽ͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ̹Ͱ͵
ͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ #FL
͊Ͷ͹ͱͰ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͳͷ͸͹ͼͽ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰͼ;͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͷͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ 10 ͈͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷͰͻͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͭͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ́Ͳͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ
ΒͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͻͰͱͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͷͰͻͪͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͅ͸͹ͭͳ
͹ͯΔͳ΀ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ΂ͳΒͰΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β
͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
ͯͪ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͪ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͳͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͰ̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͅͰΌ;ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͺͪ͸ͰͶ͹͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ *1$$

͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯ ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷ ͈ͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ; ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱ
ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ 6/&1
ͳ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͷͰͽͰ͹ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ 8.0
ͬ͹ͯͰΕͰ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͽͰͶ͹;
͹ͬ͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͈ͪ͸ͰͶΒͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ
;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͬͪͱ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͵ͶͳͷͰ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͯ͹ͼͪͯͫͳͶ͹
͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͺͰͽͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͪ͸ͰͶͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͺͻͬͳͺ;ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͇ͬͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͳͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͰ
9
͋͹ͫͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹ͯͪͼͰͼͬͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͷ͹ͭ;͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸tͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪ
Ͳͯͻͪͬ͹ͷͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͰͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪ΀ͻͪ͸͹ͷ
͹ͯͰΕ͹ͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͷ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ Ͳͪ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε; ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹΃Ε; Γ;ͫͪͬΓ; ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ Ͳͪ
;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͳͼͪͷ͹ͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷi ͅͳͶͽ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

10
͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͳ͆ͪͯͳΕͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪ;ͯͪͽͳͷͼͳͽͰͷͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ
͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͽͰ ͼͰ ͲͪͶͪͱ; ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬ͵; ͬͰΕ Ͳͪ tͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪi ;Ͳ
;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͻ͹ͯͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰ̀ͰͷΓͰ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͆ͪͯͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
.
579
͹ͯ ͽͻͳ ͯͰͶͪ
͸ͪ;΂͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͪΔͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͳ

;ͫͶͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͷͳͽͳͭͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ %JNPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
̽͹ͫͻͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;
Β;Εͳ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔ; ͈ͪ͸ͰͶͪ ; ͢;Β͹ͻ͵; ΒͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ ͇͵ͬͳͻ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ11 ͌ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͷ͹͸ͳͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͭͪ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͳͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ .37
ΒͰͯͪ͸ΒͰ͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ΀ͽͰ͇ͬͪ͵ͬͳͻ
͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ ͵ͶͳͷͰ ͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ΒͰ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͶͪ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͹ͯ
ͬͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͪ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͈ͻͬͳ ͯͬ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ ͪͱ;ͻͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͇͵ͬͳͻ͸͹Β ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ ͵ͶͳͷͰ ͼͽͻ
́ͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͪͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; 12 ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͼͰ ̓Β͹ͽ͹
ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷ ͳͶͳ͈ͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷ;Ͳ͇͵ͬͳͻ͸;͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ;͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;
ͪ͠ͺͪ͸; ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪ ; ͸ͪ΃͹Β ͲͰͷΓͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͳͷͪ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ͲͰͷΓͰ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
ͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ΒͰ ͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷΒͰͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͈ͻͬͳͯͬ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ
͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻͰͷ͇ͪ͵ͬͳͻ͸͹Β͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ΒͰ ͪ
; ͪͱ;ͻͳͻͪ͸͹Β ͬͰͻͲͳΒͳ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͸ ΒͰ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͷͰͻͰ ͫ͹ͻͫͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͼ;ͷͳͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͳ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͈ͪͻͳͼ͵ͳ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͹ ͵Ͷͳͷͳ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ ͸ͪ 99*
͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁͇ͪ͵ͬͳͻ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͌͆͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰ;͈ͪͻͳͲ; ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͯͪͶͪ ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;
ͷ; ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͽͲͬ ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽ *OUFOEFE /BUJPOBMMZ %FUFSNJOFE $POUSJCVUJPO PG UIF 3FQVCMJD PG 4FSCJB
5PEJǀ ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͸ͪ΃͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ ͵ͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽ;Ͳͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β
;͸ͳΒͳ ͹͸ͪ ΒͰ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͭ ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ ͼ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ
Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ΒͰ Ͳͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ ͳ ͻͪͯ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸͹Β ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͼ ΁ͳΓͰͷ
ΔͰ͸͹ͭ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪͬͪΔͪͲͪͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪΔͪ;ͼͬͰͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹

11
͇ͬͯͰͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͳ̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔ;͇͵ͬͳͻ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ
͵ͶͳͷͰͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
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13
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͌͸ͪ΃͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ; ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ͹ͬͪΒ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͸;ͲΒ͹΃
ͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͽͻͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹΂ͰͽͳͻͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΕͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷ̓Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳ ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͭ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ t̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
͇͵ͬͳͻ͸͹Β͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰi

͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͺͶͪ͸ͪ 4FSCJBT 'JSTU /BUJPOBM "EBQUBUJPO 1MBO %SBGU
͵͹Βͳ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͳͺͻͬͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ
΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͌ ͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ; ;͵ͪͲͪΕͰͷ͹͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͰͷ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͳ
̸̸̸͈͉͈͇͉͈͉̺͇̻̓͌͐͆́͆̈́̀́́̾͌̓̾͆͡͏̸̸͉͋͆͏̸͇͇̻́͆̈́͆
̸̸̸͈̽͋͏̸̸͇͇̻͈͉̹́͆̈́͆͌͊́́͠
͇ͬͪΒͺͶͪ͸ΒͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳͷͪͳͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͷ͈ͪͻͬ͹ͭͳ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͺͻͳͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͭͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪ
Β͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻͰͷ͇ͪ͵ͬͳͻ͸͹Β͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͶͳͷͰ͊ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ
͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͺͰͽͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͶͪ͸ͪ
͊ͳ͸ͽͰͽͳ΂͵ͪ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͫ;ͯ;Εͳ΀ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͳͻͪΔͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ ͪͭͻͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ
΃;ͷͪͻͼͽͬ;ͳͫͳ͹ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;
;ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͷͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳΒͳͷͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ
ͼͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ͌ͼͰͶͰ͵΁ͳΒͳ͹ͬͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͰ
ͫ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͯͪ͹͸Ͱͫ;ͯ;Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ;ͼͳ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͼͰ͵ͽ͹
ͻͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ
͊ͳ͸ͽͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͭͶͰͯͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ;
͹͸ͳͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒ͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬͳΒͳͳ͸ͪΒ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ
͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͰ
ͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͪͳ΃ͽͰͽͰ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͪ΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͳͿͻͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͼ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ͌ͽ;ͼͬͻ΀;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪΕͰͼͰͬͻ΃ͳͽͳ͸ͪͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳͷͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ ͪ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ΕͰͼͰͳͲͻͪΌͳͬͪͽͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳ
͈ͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͲͪͺͻͳ͹ͻͳ
ͽͰͽ͸Ͱͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͷͰͻͰͳ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸ͭͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͰͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ͌ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͼͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͳͲͪͷͳͼͪ͹ͯͪΕͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΀ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͲͪͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ͵; ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͹ͯͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͫͰ͸ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͫͳͽͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ
ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͸ͺͻ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ ͫͳ͹ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ
͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ
ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ
́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀
ͷͰͻͪ;ͬͪͱͰΕͰͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͰͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͰ 4FSCJBT'JSTU
/"16/%11MBO ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͼ; ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ ͹ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ; ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸Ͱ ͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ͋ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; –
;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂ͪ͸ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͳ̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪΒͰ
ͯͪͽͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͬͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳΒ̸̹ͪͳͶͳͽͲͬ͹ͺͽͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͳ̸ͳͶͳͽͲͬͺͰͼͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹͈ͭͻͰͷͪ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪͺͻͬ͹ͭͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳΒͪ ͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ –
ͫͳΕͰ;ͻͪ͸ͭ;
– $ͯ͹͵ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͺͰͼͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͭͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳΒͪ;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪΕͰͽͪΒͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͫͳͽͳ;ͻͪͼͺ͹͸;
– $ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;Ͷͳ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;ͼ;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͪͭͻͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻ
ͼͪ ΃;ͷͪͻͼͽͬͪͳͫͳ͹ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ͌͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͹ͯΔͳ΀ ;͵ͪͲͪ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͰͶͰ
ͷͰ͸ͽͰͻͪΔͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ͵͹͸΂Ͱͭͪͼ;ͯͪͽͰͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͷͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ
΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷͪ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪΕͰͷ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͼͷͰͻ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͽͳ΀;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͯ͹ͬͪ΂Ͱͽͳ
ͻͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ

͊Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͭͻͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͯ͹ͷͰ͸; ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;
͵ͪ ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;ͼͰͻͪͲͬ͹Βͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͭ͸ͪͬ͹ͯΔͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͬ͹ͯΔͪͬͪΔͰͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͬ͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͫΒͰ
͵ͪͽͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ;ͲͭͪΒͪΔͪ;ͼͰͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͼͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͻ͹΂͸ͳ΀
ͷͰͼͰ΂͸ͳ΀ͳͼͰͲ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͭ͸͹Ͳͪ;ͪͭͻ͹ͷͰͽͰ͹ͻ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–

͊Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪ ͳ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ ͬ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͈͹ͻͰͯ ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ
͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;ΒͰ ͻͪΔͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͹ͬͰ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ ΒͰ ͯͪͽ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͷ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͬ͹ͯͰ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ͹ͯ΃ͽͰͽ͸͹ͭͯͰΒͼͽͬͪͬ͹ͯͪ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͬ͹ͯͰ͌͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͽ͹ͭͪͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͼͰͯͪͼͰ
͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͪͷͰͻͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͬ͹ͯ͹ͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͪ
Δͪ ͳͽ͹
ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͷͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͪͯ͹͹ͺͽͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ
;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͬ͹ͯ;Ͳͪ
ͺͳΕͰ ͳ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷ͹ͺͽͳͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͬ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–

͊Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͻ ΃;ͷͪͻͼͽͬͪ̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͹ͬ͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ; ͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͪΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͻͪΔͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͰͬͰͽ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͯ΃;ͷͪͷͪ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ
΃;ͷͪ ͺ;ͽ͸ͪͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͫͻ͹Βͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͹͵ͻ;ͭ; ͼͽ͹ͺͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͳͺͻͳ
΀͹ͯ ͫ;ΘͰͽͼ͵ͳͼ;Ϳͳ΁ͳͽͯͰͿͳ΁ͳͽ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͫͪͻ͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ
͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͬͻ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͬͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–

͊Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͻͫͳ͹ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ͌͹ͬ͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;ͼͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͿͪ͵ͽ͹
ͻͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒ;ͳ͹ͫͳΓͰͬͻͼͽͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͬͻͼͽͪ Ͱ͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪΒ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪ
ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͪͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͳ
ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͫͳ͹ͯͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β; ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͪͯͪͺͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽ Ͱ͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ
ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͷͻͰͱͰ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰ΃;ͷ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͬ͹ͯͰ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͺͻͪΕͰΔͰͬͻͼͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ;͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͼͬͻ΀ͰͳͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰ
͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͺͻͪΕͰΔͰͳ͸ͬͪͲͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͼͽͪͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ΃ͳͻͰΔͪ ̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰ
ͯͪΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷ͈ͪͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ͹ͻͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͷͰͽͶͰ͵͹ͬͳͽ͹ͭͳͪͻ͹ͷͪͽͳ
΂͸͹ͭͫͳΓͪͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͪͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͳ͹ͯͳͲͬ͹ͲͪͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͶͳͼ;͹͵͹ͷͳͶͳ͹
͸ͪͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–

̽͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͬͻ΃ͳͶͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸; ͻͪΔͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͯͪΒ; ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͪ ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ ͯͪΓͰ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰ ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͻͪ͵Ͱ ;
ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͺͶͪ͸ͪ ͋͹ ͼ; Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪ
͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͳͷͳͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͷ͹͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
͵ͪ͹͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͪͷ͹ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰ΃ͽͰͽͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ
͸ͳ΀ͰͿͰ͵ͪͽͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͷͷͰΌ;ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷͼͪͻͪͯΔ͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ
ͭͳΒͪ
ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼͪͬͰͽͲͪͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;
ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͰͻͪ͸ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ΒͰͼͽͰ ;ͼͶ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸;
ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒ;;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰͺͻͪΕͰΔͪ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͪͺ͹ͯͳͲͪ
ΔͰΒͪͬ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͳ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͪͲͪͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹Ϳͪ

ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪ
͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ %JNPWJǀ ͼͽͻ–

̽ͪΓͳ͵͹ͻͪ΁ͳ͸ͪ΃ͰͲͰͷΓͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͪͳͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪΔͪͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸Ͱͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ
Βͪ͹ͬͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ ͪ;ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ;ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͰ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽͪ ͪͲͪͽͳͷͳ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰ͵ͻͰͳͻͪ͸͸ͪ΃ͺͻͬͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͺͶͪ͸

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̹͹ͻͫͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͯͬͪ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͷͰͻͪͷͪ
ͷͳͽͳͭͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͷͰͻͪͷͪ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͇ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ
ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͷͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͺͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͼ;
͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬͳͫͰͲ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΕͰͽ͹ͫͳͽͳ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬ͹Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ΒͰͻͼͰ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹͹ͬͰͺͻͬͰ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͬͰΕͳͷ ͳͶͳ ΂ͪ͵ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ
ͲͪͭͪΌͳͬͪ΂Ͱͷ ͼ ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͷͪΔ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀
ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳ ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͷͪΔ;ͰͷͳͼͳΒ;;ͭΓͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͭͪͼ͹ͬͪͼͰͿͰ͵ͽ͹ͷͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͰ͆͹ ͽ͹
͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼ;͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;ͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ ͹͸Ͱͼ; ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͪͷͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ
͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͆͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͰͷͰͻͰͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͬͪͱͰΕͰ;Ͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͰ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͪ͵ͪͯͪ
ΒͰͻͰ΂͹͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ; ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ̽ͪͫͳͼͰ ;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹;ͫͶͪ
ͱͳ͹ ͰͿͰ͵ͪͽ t̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪi ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͹ͼͬͰ΃ΕͳͬͪΔͪͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭ ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͪ – ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͳͯͰΒͪ
tͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͪi

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
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̸̸̻̺͇̹͉͉̈́͆́͊͋͆́͌̓͌̈́͋͌͆́̾̈́̾̾͆͋́ͅͅ
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͇͇̺͇͉͇̺̓͊͊̓́͋́͠ͅ͏́
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ̸;ͽ͹ͻΒͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͲͪͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ ͼͬ͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;

ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ́ͫͻ; ͵͹ΒͳͼͪΒ͹΃ͯͬͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͲͪͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͷ͹ͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬ͹ͲͳͶͪͳΒͰͯ͸ͳͷͺͰ΃ͪ
΂͵ͳͷͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͳΒ;ͱ͸ͳͯͰ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ̸͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭ
ͷ͹ͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͶͰͯͼͬͰͬͰΕͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͺͪͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͯ͹ͷͪ
Εͳͷͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ͵ͻ;ͷͳͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
ͅ͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͼͺͪΒͪ͹ͯͬͪͯͰͶͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͭͻͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͷ͹ͼͽͪ;ͅ͹ͼͽͪͻ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͲͪͺͻͰͶͪͲͺͻͰ͵͹́ͫͻͪ ͻͰ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͪ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͬͪͲͪͬͪ
ΌͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͊ͻͫͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷ ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ ͪͶͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͷͪΔͳ͸͹ͷ;͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯ͹͵̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͊ͻͫͰ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;͵ͪ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͷͪΔͳ͸;
;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ΒͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽ͹Β͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͌͆̀ͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͷ͹ͼͽΒͰͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂
͵ͳͼͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͷ͹ͼͽ ͵͹ΒͳͼͪͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͫͳͶ͹ͳͷͰͼͽ͹ͽͰͪͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
͵Ͱͼͬͳ΀ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵;ͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͫ͹ͻͰͲͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;;͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
͊ͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͼͬͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͬͻͰͯ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͪͱΔͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͲͪ͹ͬͪΒͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ
ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͲͪͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒ͆ͪͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͷ͹ͼͽ;͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳͭ͹ͷͳͶ;͵͹Βͪ
ΒͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͪͭͻͰͭͪͽ ͬͰΕͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͬͪͼ;ͺ
ͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ͵͹Βͳ;͹͸͹ͷͰͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ́ͫͻͪͬͳͯͳͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͪ
IPNP QFSFHSJOVTB ΃ͽ͹ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͭͯͰ ͼͰ
ͯ͹ͯͳͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ;ͫͳͬ΃͹Β͍͉͊͠ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳ
ͭͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ;͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͷ͹ͼͽ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ͵ͻ;ͷ ͼ;͵͹ͫ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͊ͻͫͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰͽ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ
1
zoramino@gmail.com

̸͇͇͉͊͋̓̓͌̈́͋͌͆́̾̈́̾̾͆͋ͅͅ
́ͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ ͷ͹ͼͽͪ 2 ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ ͭͻͪΌͰͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽ; ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͼͪ ͹ͫͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͻͰ͵Ͱ ΒͰͲͰͻͪͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͬͪͶͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ͵ͻͪΒͰͬͳ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͪ͸ͳͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͯΔͰͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱ;Β;
ͯ͹͵ͼͰ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͲͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸Ͱͯ;ͱͳ͸Ͱͅ͹ͼͽ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰͺͻͰͶͪͲ ͹͸ΒͰͷͰΌ;ͺͻ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ͻ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ;ͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͵ͪ͹ͯ;ͱ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪΒ͵ͻͪΕͰͻͪͼͽ͹
ΒͪΔͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͬͰͽͪ΂͵Ͱ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͸ͪͷͰͼͽ;
͵͹ΒͰͽͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷΔͰͭͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹ ͹͸ΒͰͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͳͽͻͪΒͪ͸ ΒͰͻ͸ͪͷ͹ͼͽ;͸Ͱ
ͼͷͰͫͳͽͳͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͰ΃ͪ͵ͪͳͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸͹ͼͽͳͬ͹Ͳͳ
Ͷͪ3 ͅ͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͯ;ͭ;ͺͻͰͯͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;: ͹ͯ͹ͫ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭͼͽͪͫͶͪ ͺͻͳͷͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵Ͷ;ͺͰ
͹ͯ ͯͻͬͰͽͪ ͻͳͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵ͪͷͰ͸ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͬͪͯ;͵ͪͽͪ ͯ͹ ͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸ͳ΀ ͫͰͽ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ΂ͰͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ΂ͰͽͻͯͰͼͰͽ ͳ ͯͬͪ
͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪ ͯ;ͱͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͼͽͪt+JBP[IPV#BZCSJEHFi
ͪͶͳͳͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ͇ͪ͸ΒͰͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷ
ͼͺͪΒͪΔͪ ͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ ͵ͪ͹ ͳͯͰΒͪ ;͹ͫͶͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ ; ͻͰ΂ ͌ ͯͰͶ; ͸͹ͫͰͶ͹ͬ΁ͪ ́ͬͰ ̸͸ͯͻͳΕͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͽͻͪΒͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸͈ͪͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸;ͼͶͳ͵ͪͻͼͽͬ; ;ͯͰͶͳͷͪ͊ͪͬͰ͑;ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͪ
ͅͳͶͪ͸̸ͪͅͳͶ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͪͳ͆ͪͯͰͱͯͰ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͹ͯ͹ͶͰͬͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͯͪͫͳ;ͼͰͯͷ͹Β;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;
Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͳͷͪͅ͹ͼͽ4 ;ͻͰͱͳΒͳ͎ͪΒͻ;ͯͳ͸ͪ̓ͻͬͪͬ΁ͪ
ͳ̽Ͱͬ͹Βͪ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͼͽ
; ͻͰͱͳΒͳ ͅͳ͹ͷͳͻͪ ͊ͽͪͷͰ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͪ
ͫͳ͹ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͼ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͰͷ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ
̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͷͪͺ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͳͼ͵;ͼ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂ͪͳͽ;ͷͪ΂ͪ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪͼͽͪΔͳͬͪ
Ͷͳ͹ͬ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͳͶͳΔ͹ͷͰͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ́ͼͽ͹΂͸ͳ΀̓ͰͶͽͪ ̸ͬͪͻͪ ͇ͫͻͪ ́ͼͽ͹΂͸ͳ΀ͳ
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀̻͹ͽͪ ͎;͸ͪ ̈́ͪ͸ͭ͹ͫͪͯͻͯͪ͠;ͱ͸ͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ7*ͬͰ͵ͪͺͻͰ΃Ͷͳ̓ͪͻͺͪͽͰ͊ͺ;
΃ͽͪΒ;Εͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͊ͪͬͰ ͳ ̽;͸ͪͬͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͸ͪͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͼ; ͳͲͷͰ͸ͳͶͳ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͼͪͼͽͪͬ
ͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬͪ ͊ͻͫͳ ͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ ͫͳͶͳ ͼ; ͬ͹ͯͰΕͪ ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ; ͼͬ͹ͷ ͸͹ͬ͹ͷ ͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬ; ͲͪͽͰ͵Ͷͪ
́ͶͳͻͰ Ͳͪͼͽͪͬ΃ͳ ͸ͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͭ ͻͳͷͼ͵͹ͭ ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͇ͯ ͹ͬͪ ͯͬͪ ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ tͺͻͬ͹ ͳͷͰ
ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͶ͹ͼͰ͸ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͼͰͶͳͶͳ;ͯ͹Ͷͳ͸ͪͷͪͳͫͪͼͰ͸ͳͷͪΒ;ͱ͸͹͹ͯ̽;͸ͪͬͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͰ͵ͪ
̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ́ͫͻͪi ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽͳ͸͈͹ͻͿͳͻ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͽΒͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ9ͬͰ͵ͪͲͪͫͰͶͰ
ͱͳ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹͈ͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹;
ͬͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪ ;Β;ͱ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͼͰ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͳΔ;ͺͻͰ9*–9**ͬͰ͵ͪ
2
tͅ͹ͼͽ ΂ͬͻͼͽͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪͲͪͺͻͰͶͪͲͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͰ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͪͳͶͳͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬͰͬ͹ͯͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͬͪͶͳΒͰ
ͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͼͷͰͽΔͰͼͶ;ͱͳͲͪͺͻͰͶͪͲΓ;ͯͳͳͬ͹ͲͳͶͪi ͪͅͶͪͰ͸΁ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͯͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ

3
͌ͼͪͷΓͰ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ ͼͪ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͳͷ ͼ;ͳ΁ͳͯ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͷ ͸ͪͶͪ͵ΕͰ͸ͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͷ͹ͼͽͪ Ͳ͸ͪ͵ ΒͰ
͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͺͪͼͳͶͪ΂͵;ͼͶ;ͱͫ;͵͹Βͪ΀ͳͽͪ͵ͪΔͰͷ;;ͷ͹ͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͷ΂ͪͷ΁; ΒͰͻ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽ͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͲ͸ͪΒ;
ͯͪ ΕͰ ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹;ͫͳͼͽͬ͹ ͬ͹ͲͳͶ͹ ; ͵ͬͪͻ; Ͳͪ͵ͻ΂;ΒͰ ͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͹͸͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
ͽͻ͹ͷͫͪ͵͹ΒͳͲͪͺ;΃;ΒͰ͵ͻͬ͸ͳͼ;ͯ
4
̽ͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ ͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵ ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͽͻ;ͺͪ ͷ͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͻͪ͹ ͫͳͽͳ ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͺͪͻͽͳͲͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͯͳͬͰͻͲͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͇ͬͪ ͭͰͻͳͶͼ͵ͪ ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸Ͱ ͫͳ ͫͳͶͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͪ ͯͪ ; Δ͹Β ͸ͳΒͰ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͹
́͸ͱͰΔͰͻ ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͭͪΒͰͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͬͪ͹͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͿͳͶͷͪͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͯͶͰΕͰ;ͬͪͲͯ;΀
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͽͬ͹ͻ΁Ͱͷ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ;͸ͪΒͼͶͪͫͳΒ;ͽͰͱͳ΃͸;ͽͪ΂͵;

̸͇͉͇̺̻̀͆̽͆̾̽̾̓́ͣ͡Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ́ͫͻ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͅͰΌ;ͬͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪͺͳͼ΁ͳ9*–9**ͬͰ͵ͪͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͺ͹ͷͳΔ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͰͳͶͳ̸ͻͫͪ
͸ͳͽͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͲͪͺͪͱͰ͸͹;͸ͪ;΁ͳ ͪͶͳ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͯͪͶͳͼͰ͹ͫͪͳͷͰ͸ͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ͇͸ͳͼͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ;;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;ͬͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͼ͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ;́ͽͪͶͳΒͳͳ;ͲͪͶͰΌ;̽ͻͪ΂ͪ ͭͯͰ̸͸ͪ
̓͹ͷ͸ͳ͸ͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͹ ̸ͻͫͪ͸͹͸; ͫͻͯ͹ͬͳͽ͹Β ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ; ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ
ͺͻ͹ͽͰͲͪͶͪ͸ͪΒ;ͭ;ͯ͹͇΀ͻͳͯͪͳ̽Ͱͫͻͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͑͵;ͷͫͳ͸ͪͳ̽Ͱͬ͹Ͷͪ ̻ͪͻͪ΃ͪ͸ͳ͸ ͼͽͻ

̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬͪΒͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻͪͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸̻ͪͪͻͪ΃ͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͬͳͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ
ͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͳ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ́Ͷͳͻͪͳ̽ͪͻͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͼͪͳͼͽ͹
ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͪͻͽͰ ̻ͪͻͪ΃ͪ͸ͳ͸ ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂; ͹ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪ΂ͳͷͪ́ͶͳͻͪͳͶͳ̽ͪͻͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͬͰΕ͵ͪ͹͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͶ͹ͷͳͲͼͽͪͻͰͺͪͶͰ͹ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͰͽ͸͹ͭͰ͸ͰͲͰ́Ͷͳͻͪ ̽ͪͻͯͪ͸ͪͳ͋ͻͪ΂ͪ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͲͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹ͭͼͽ͹΂ͪͻͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͽͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͶͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͳ͉ͳͷͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ;ͺͻͬͳͷͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͳͷͪͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;
͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ́ͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͭͶͪͼ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ̓ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹
ͬͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ͊ͻͫͰͳ̸ͻͫͪ͸ͪͼͰͳͷͪΒ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͷͰ͸ͳͽͰΓ– tͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ̽ͳ͸ͪͻ΁ͳi ̽ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
̸͇Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ͹ͬͪΒͰͽ͸͹ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͺͳ΃Ͱͯͪͼ;ͼͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͳͼͶͪͷΓͰ͸ͳ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΁ͳ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ
ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹tͼ;ͼͰͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ͬͰͻ͸͹ͫ͹ͻͳͶͳ;ͬ͹Βͼ΁ͳ΁ͪͻͪ̽;΃ͪ͸ͪi ̽ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͹
ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹͊ͻͫͳͷͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪΒͰͼͽͰͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬ͹
͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ;
͠Ͱͯ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀;ͻͪͽ͸ͳͷͳͷͳͻ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪͽͻͺͰͶͳͼ;ͼ;ͯͪͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̀ͪͺͪ
͈ͯͪͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸̸ͼͳͷͳͶͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͫͳͶͪΒͰ͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ
͸ͪ͆ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;̓ͻͪΓͰͬͳ͸Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳ̹͹ͼ͸ͪͳͷͪͶͰͼ;͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͬͪͻ͹΃ͳ
͈ͻͳͷ͹ͻΒͰΒͰͼͪ΂;ͬͪͶ͹Ͷͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ;ͻͫͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͯ͹͵ͼ;͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͪͲͪͯͻͱͪͶͰ
͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪͼͰΓͪ ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͼͰ͹ͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͼ; ͼͰ
ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪͶͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͰ;ͯͪΓͪͬͪͶͳͳͲͫͶͳͱͪͬͪͶͳ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͪͼ; ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ;ͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ͊ͻͫͳͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͳͯͪ͸͹ͼͰͫͰͶͰͳͶͳͷͻ͵ͰͼͰΓͪ΂͵ͰͭͪΕͰͳ͵͹΃;ΓͰͳ͹ͯͰͬͪ
ͶͳͼͰ;͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸;͸͹΃Δ; ͳͷͳͽͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͼͽͳͶͽ;ͻͼ͵Ͱͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͰͅ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͰΕͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻ
ͼͽͪ͸ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼ ͵͹ΒͳͼͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͹ͷ͹ͯ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͫ;ͷͰͻͪ͸ͭ͊Ͱͫͻͳͼ;ͼͰ
͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͳͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͭͻ͹ͺͼͽͬͪ ͪͶͳ ͼͰ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ ΒͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͷ͹ͼͽͳͬΒͪͲ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ ͹ͯͬͪΒͪ͹ͯ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͰͷͪΔͳΕ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͹ͫͶͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͳ͇ͬͪ͵ͬͪ
ͼͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͫͳͶͪͫͳͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹Ͳͫ;Δ;Β;Εͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ Ͳͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ
Ͱͽ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰͼ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ
͋;ͻͼ͵ͪ΁ͪͻͰͬͳ͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪΒͰͲͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪΘͪͷͳΒͰ ͷͰͯͻͰͼͰ ͽͰ͵ͳΒͰ ΀ͪͷͪͷͰ ͪͶͳ
ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͰt̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪ;ͺͪͯͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹; ͹΂ͳ ͅ͹ͼͽͪͻͳ̺ͳ΃ͰͭͻͪͯͳͷͪΒ;ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ; ͽ͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺͻͪͬͰͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͹ͯͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪi ̽ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͳͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͳͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͳͫ
Ͷͳͱ͸͹ͼͶͳ΂͸;ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;͵ͪ͹̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ́ͫͻ;͇͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͳͼͽͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͸ͪͯͶͪ͸;
ͲͪͬͪΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͭͻͪͯͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͷͪ́ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͲͫͳΒͪ͸ͪ
ͷ͹ͼͽ; ΒͰͻΒͰtͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͯͰ͹ͬͪͻ͹΃ͳi ̸͸ͯͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̸̻̺͇̈́͆́͊͋ͅ
̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ́ͫͻ;ΒͰ ͵ͪͱͰ͆;΃ͳΕ ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹͸ͪͻͰΌͰΔ;ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭ͵͹ͷͪ͸
ͯͪ͸ͽͪͽ;ͻͼ͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ͠;ͼ;ͿͫͰͭͪ ͹ͯ͵ͪͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͪͼͪͲͳͯ͹ͬͪͼͻ;΃Ͱ͸Ͱ΁ͻ͵ͬͰͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͪͅͶ͹ͭ̀ͬͰ
΂ͪ͸ͪ ͆;΃ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͶͰͺͪͻͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷ͹ͼͽΒͰͼͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͯͪͫͳ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͯͳ
ͭ͸;ͽͯͻͬͰ͸ͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳ͹;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͌ͫͻͲ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ΒͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͺ͹ͯͳͭ͸;ͽ͸͹ͬͳ
ͷ͹ͼͽ ͼͪ΂ͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͋ͪΒͷ͹ͼͽΒͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ΔͰͭͪͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ΒͰͼͪͯͪ
΃Δͳͷ͹ͼͽ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͺ;΃ͽͰ͸ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ /70t+FMFOB"OßVKTLBi ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͶͰ
̸͇͆͋ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳ ; ̸;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹Β ͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͼͰͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪͅ͹ͼͽΒͰΒ͹΃ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳͲͷͰ͸ͳ͹ͼͬ͹Βͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͳͳͲͭͶͰͯ͌ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
͹ͯ–ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪΒͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͶͪ͹͵͹ͺͰͽͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͰͬͻͪͲͪͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ;
ͷ͹ͼͽͪ̀ͪͻͰ͸͹ͬͳͻͪΔͰ͆͹ͬ͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪͼ;ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͰͫͳͶͳͼͰͽͳͷ΂ͳ͸͹ͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ΒͰͻͻͪͯ;ͯͻ;ͱ;ΒͰΓ;ͯͰ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪΒͰͼ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭͳΒ;ͱ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱͳͺͪ͵ͷ͹ͭ;Ε
͈͹ ͸ͪ΁ͻͽͳͷͪ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹ͭ ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽͰ ͈ΒͰͻͪ ̈́͹ͽͳ͵ͳΒͪ ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͹ ͻͰͺͶͳ͵ͪ ͷ͹ͼͽͪ
͉POUE"VTUFSMJU[ ͸ͪ͊Ͱ͸ͳ;͈ͪͻͳͲ;͇ͬͪΒͷ͹ͼͽΒͰͯ͹ͫͳ͹ͳͷͰͺ͹ͫͳ΁ͳͽͻͳ΁ͪͻͪ͵͹̸ͯ;ͼͽͰͻͶͳ΁ͪ͌
͹ͬ͹Βͫͳ΁ͳ͆ͪͺ͹ͶͰ͹͸ΒͰͺ͹ͻͪͲͳ͹ͼ͸ͪͭͰͻ;ͼ͵Ͱͳͪ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ́ͺͪ͵ ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͰ
ͫͳͶͪͫͳͽ͵ͪͯͬͪ΁ͪͻͪ ̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻͪ*͉͹ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪͳ͆ͪͺ͹ͶͰ͹͸̹ͪ͹͸ͪͺͪͻͽͰ͍ͻͪ͸΁**͹̸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ
;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͹ ;ͫ͹Β; ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͹͸͸ͳΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹ ͰͺͳͽͰͽͭ;ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͺ͹͸Ͱ͹ΒͰͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΁ͪͻ͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳ ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽͪ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳ͹ Ͳͪ ͹ͬͪΒ ͷ͹ͼͽ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ ͯͪ ͫͳͻͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ ͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ; ͈ͪͻͳͲ; ͊ͪͷ͹ ͳͷͰ ͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͸͹ͼͳ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵; ͺ͹ͻ;͵; ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͪͼ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͷͳͼͪ͹ͯͪΒͰ΂ͳ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͳͲͪΔͪͷ͹ͼͽͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͬͪͭ;͸ͪͯ́ͼͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͯͪΒͰͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ
ͽͪ΂͵ͪ͸ͪͷͳͼͳΒ;ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ;Β͹΃͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳͯͪͼ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹ͭ
͍͇͉̓ͪͺ͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳͯͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͻͰͯͳͷͳͻͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭͳΒ;ͱ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͭͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͭͻͪͯͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ;
̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ́ͫͻ;ͳͶͳ͆͹ͬͳͷ͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰͽͻͺͰ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰͭ
ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ́ͲͭͻͪΌͳͬͪ͸ΒͰͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ;͋;ͻͼ͵͹Β΁ͪͻͰͬͳ͸ͳ ̓ͻͪΓͰͬͳ͸ͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͍͉͊͠ ͪͼͪͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͯ
͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ͹ͷ͇͌͆ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͳͼͳΒͰ͌͆́̓ͅ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;
΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
͇͸ͼͰ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͷͰΔͪ͹ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͷ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ̽ͻͳ͸ͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ
ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͲͷͰΌ; ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͸͹ͫͰͶ͹ͬ΁̸ͪ͸ͯͻͳΕͪ ͹ͯ͹ͶͰͬͪ͹
͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͰ͸ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ
́ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹ͼͽͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͳͼͺ;ͺ΂ͰΔͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵ͬͪͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽ͹͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͶͪͫͳͺͰ΃ͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͷͳͷ͹ͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͪͲͪͺͻͰͱ͸ͳ΀ͬ͹ͲͳͶͪ͸̺ͪͳ΃Ͱͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͼͽ;
ͳͶͳͷ͹ͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬ͹ͲͳͶͪ͸ͪ́ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͼͽ; ͯͪ͸Ͱ ͫ;ͯ;ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͳ΁ͳͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͪͶͰͻͰ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ
ͯͻ;ͭ;̀ͪͽ;͸ͪͷͰ͸;ͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͰͼ;͵ͪͷͰ͸Ͱͼ͹ͿͰ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͼͰͯͪͶͳΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳ̸͸ͯͻͳΕͰͬ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪ͆ͪ
̽ͻͳ͸ͳΕ;ͺͻͳΒͪ ͳͶͳͫͪͶ͵͹͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ;͵ͻ;ͱ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼͪͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ͸ͪ́ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͼͽ;͌ͷͳͻ͸ͳͷ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͪͷ͹ͼͽ;ͺͻͰ͵͹̽ͻͳ͸Ͱͯͳͬͪ͸ͳͶͳͼ;;Ͳ͵ͪͿͳ΁;ͷͰ΃ͽͪ͸ͳͳͫͳͼͽͻͳͶͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͼͬͪ͵͹
ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ΒͰͬͻͰΒͼ͵Ͱ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ́ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ͭ
590
ͷ͹ͼͽͪ ΒͰ Ͳͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪ ͺ͹ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ; ͼͺͪΒͪΔͪ ͱͳͽͰΓͪ ͭͻͪͯͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
͠Ͱͯ͸ͪͺͪͻͪͶͰͶͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͬͪͯͬͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͷͳ ͼͰ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺ͹ͳͲͫͳΒͪΔ;͈ͻͬ͹ͭ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ;ͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ ̺ͳ΃Ͱͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͷ͹ͼͽͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͳͭ͸;ͽ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ΂ͪͻͯͪ͵
ͼͽͻͪͱͪͻͼ͵͹ͲͯͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͻ;ͱͳͶ͹ͽͪͯͪ΃Δ;ͶͰͺ͹ͽ;ͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͼ͵ͶͰͺͪ͸͹͸ͪͫͻͲͳ͸;͹ͯͯͪͼͪ͵ͪͳͯͻͬͰ
͸ͳ΀ͭͻͰͯͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ͸ͪͯͲͳͻͪͶͳͺ;ͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͶͪͲͰͺͻͰ͵͹̽ͻͳ͸Ͱ͊Ͷͳ΂͸ͪΒͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͳ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ;
ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ́ͫͻ;͈;͸͵ͽ͍͇͉̓ͪΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͼͶͳ΂͸;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰͳͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͼͪ
Δͪͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͳ͵͈ͪ͹ͼͶͰͺͻͬ͹ͭͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵ͪ ͽΒͷͪͻ΃ͪ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷ͹ͼͽͪ Β;Ͷͪ ͯͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵̺ͪͰͼͶͳΒͪ̓Ͷͪͻ͵ͪ ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͽͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁̸͇ͪ͆͋ͼ͸ͪͭͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ; /70t+FMFOB"OßVKTLBi
ͼͽͻ
͵ͪͯͪΒͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͺͻͰ΃Ͷ͹;ͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ;͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ
ΓͪΔͰͷͺ;͸͵ͽͪͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ͹ͷͷ͹ͼͽͪ́͸΁ͳͯͰ͸ͽͼͰ ͼͻͰΕ͹ͷ Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳ͹ͫͰͲ͸ͪͼͳΓͪͳͼͪ
ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͳ ͼͪͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳͷͪΒͰ ͼͪͬͰͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͯͪ͸Ͱ ͳͲͶͪͲͰ͸ͪ;Ͷͳ΁Ͱͯ͹͵ ͼͰͷͪͻ΃͸ͰͲͪͬͻ΃ͳ
́ͺͪ͵ ͱͳͽͰΓͳͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱͼ;ͳͲͪ΃Ͷͳ͸ͪ;Ͷͳ΁Ͱͳͺͻ͹ͺͻͪͽͳͶͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ;
ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸;΃ͰͽΔ;͹ͯ͌Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͵ͻͪΓ͈ͪͰͽͻͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹͌Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͵ΔͪͲͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͪ ͯ͹́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪ
͊ͻͫͳͼͰ͸ͳͼ;;ͺͶͪ΃ͳͶͳ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ ͵ͪͷͰͻͪ ͳͷͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻͪ – ͵͹ ͳ ͵ͪͯͪ ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ ͷ͹ͼͽ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹Ͳͪ͹ͫͳΕͳ͸ͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͪͯͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͭͺ;͸͵ͽͪ ΂ͪͻͯͪ͵ͪ ͸ͪͯͲͳͻ;ͳ
Ͷͪͱ͸͹͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͅ͹ͼͽΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͼͪͯͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰ ̹͹ͯͻͳΒͪͻ͹
ͬͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ͵ͻ;ͷ͈ͻͰͷ̹ͪ͹ͯͻͳΒͪͻ; ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰtͷͰͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΔͪͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭ
ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳi #PESJKBS ͼͽͻ
͊ͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͽͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΔͪͼ;͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͳͼͽͻͪ
͸ͳ΀ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͊ͳ̾͸̾͸ͪͯ͹̸ͶͦͪͲͳͻͰ͑ͽ͹ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ
ͽͰͱͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹Ͳͪͳͼͽͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹́ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͰ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰ͸ͪͶͪͱͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
ͺ͹Ͷ;Ͷͪͱͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰΒ͹Βͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͶͳ͵;Β; ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶ͹Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͳͷͪ;ͬͳͯ;ͼͶͰͯͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ
͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͪͱΔ͹ͷ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͼͰ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͹̽ͪ͵ͶͰ͹ͬͪΒͷ͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͻͰͪͶ͸ͳΒͳΒͰ͹ͯ ͹ͯͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹
͵͹ͭͪͻͰͽ͵͹͵͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͷͰͯͪͺͻ͹ΌͰͼͪͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͰͳͶͳͼͪΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͪͼͬͳͷΒͰͼͬͰΒͰͯ͸͹
͇͸ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͬͰͱͰ͌Ͷͳ΁;͵ͻͪΓ͈ͪͰͽͻͪͼͪ͌Ͷͳ΁͹ͷ͵ͻͪΓͳ΁Ͱ͋Ͱ;ͽͰ ͪͶͳΒͰͬͳ΃ͰͲͪͽͬ͹
ͻͰ͸͸Ͱͭ͹͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ ͹͸ΒͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ;́͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸
͹͸ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͶͳ͵;ΒͰͽͳͺ;ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͋ͪ;ͰͻͫͻͳΘͪ;̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸; ΂ͳΒͳͼͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͳͱ;͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ͯͳͼͺ͹ͯΔͰͭͪͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͺͻ͹ΌͰ͌ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;́ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ͭ
ͷ͹ͼͽͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͺͻ͹ͺ;΃ͪͽΔ;͸Ͱͼͳ͸΀ͻ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ
ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͻͪͯͪ ͈ͻ͹ͽͳͬ;ͻͰ΂͸Ͱ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͹͸Ͱͼͺ͹͵͹ΒͪͬͪΒ; ͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͳ΀ ͸ͪ
ͬͰ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͋ͪ͸Ͱͼͳ͸΀ͻ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯΔͰͭͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͬͪͻͰ͸;ͷͪ΃ͳ͸;ͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺͻͪͬͪ͸
ͭͻͪΌͰͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽ ͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͰ͸͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ́ͫͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͯ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͫ͹ͻͫͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͵͹Β;ͺͻͰͯͬ͹ͯͳ̸͇͆͋ͺͪ͵ͽͺͻͰͯͬ͹ΌͰ͸
̸͊̽ ͳ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͉;ͼͳΒͪ
͈͹ͻͰͯͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ́ͫͻ; ͼΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͶͰͬͰͳͯͰͼ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰͯͬͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͪͷ͹ͼͽͪ
͵͹Βͪͼ;;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͲͪͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͷ͹ͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬ͹ͲͳͶͪͳͺͰ΃ͪ͵ͪ͌͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ΒͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͳΒͰͳͺͰ΃ͪ΂͵ͳ
591
ͷ͹ͼͽ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰΒ;ͱ͸ͳͯͰ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱͼͪͅͳ͵ͻ͹͸ͪͼͰΓͰͷ;ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͭͻͪͯͪ ͭͯͰ
ͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹ͱͳͬͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ΂ͳ͸ͳͺͰͽͳ͸;ͭͻͪͯͪ̽͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;Β;ͱ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͱͳͬͰͶ͹͹͵͹͊ͻͫͪ͊ͪͯͪΒͰͽͪΒͯͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹΂ͳ΃ΕͰ͸
͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͲͪͯͻͱͪ͹ΒͰͼͬ͹Β;ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸; ;ΔͰͷ;ͱͳͬͳ͹͵͹͊ͻͫͪ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳ;ͽͻͳ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͰΓͪ– ͋ͻͳͼ͹ͶͳͽͰͻͪ –
̹͹΃Δͪ΂͵͹Βͷͪ΀ͪͶͳ –

ͳͅͳ͵ͻ͹͸ͪͼͰΓ; –
͉͹ͷͪ ̻͹ͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪ /70t+FMFOB"OßVKTLBi
ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ ͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β; ͼͰͬͰͻ͸; ͳ Β;ͱ͸; ͼͽͻͪ͸; ͭͻͪͯͪ ͪͼ͹΁ͳͻͪΒ; ͷͰ ͸ͪ
ͷ͹͸ͽͪͱ͸ͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹͸ͽ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͬ͹Β͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͺ͹Βͪͬͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͲͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͺͻͰͼͰΓͰΔͰͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ͽ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ͸ͪͶͪͱͰ
ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͼ͵Ͷ͹
ͺͳͳ;͵ͻ΁ͪ;͵ͪͷͳ͹͸ͰͳͺͻͰͫͪ΁ͳ͸ͪͼͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸Ͱ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͰͭͻͪͯͪ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹́ͬ͹̸͸ͯͻͳΕ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͷͻ͹ͷͪ͸;͵ͪͱͰ
t́ͼͬͰͼͰͼͬͻ΃ͳͶ͹ͯͪͶͰ͵͹͹ͯͪͬͯͰ ͫͰͲ͹ͭΔͰͬͪ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͫͰͲΒͰ͵Ͱͽ͹ͺ͹ͬͪͳͫͰͲ͹ͯͼͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀
ͭͶͪͬͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͺͳΒͳ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͸͹ͬ΁;ͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͳ;͹ͬͳͷ͸ͪΒ͵ͻ;ͺ͸ͳΒͳͷͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪͼͬͰ
ͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸;ͳ͸Ͱͼ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬ͹ͫͻͲ͹͋ͪͷ͹͸ͰͭͯͰͯͪͶͰ͵͹;ͼͬͰͽ;ͳͭͻͪͼͰ͵͹΁͵ͪͳͶͳͫͳΒͰͫ͹Βͳ
ͽͪͷ͹ͼͰͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͹ͯ͸ͪͼi ̸͸ͯͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ

́Ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭ΁ͳͽͪͽͪͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͳΒ;͸ͪ͵ͬͰͶͰͶͰͺ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ̽ͻͳ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͸ͪͼͶ;ͽͳ
ͽͳ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰ ͻͪͯΔͪ ͳͲ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͲͪͷͰͽͪ͵ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ; ͹͸͹
ͬͻͰͷͰͯͪͶͰ͵ͳͼ͵͹ͻ͹͸ͰͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ͵;ͯ͹͵Ͷͳͼͽͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸;΃ͽͪͷͺ;͆ͪ͵͹͸ͼͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͽͪΒ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸ ͳ͹ͺͰͽ͸ͰͬͳͯΓͳͬ͵ͪ͹͹ͺ΃ͽͳ ΒͰͻͼͰͺͻͰͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͳ͹ ;΃ͪ͹;ͬͳͯ
͸͹ͺ͹ΓͰͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͫͶͳͲ; ͹͸͹ͷͰ͵͹ΒͳͭͶͰͯͪͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒ; ͺͻͪͽͳͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪͳ΂ͳͽͪ
ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͪͻͰ ͯͪ͹ͯͯͰͶͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ΁ͰͶͳ͸;
͋͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪ̓͹ͼͷͰͽͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸͹͊ͻͫͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͅͳͶͳͬ͹ΒͰ
ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͶͰͷͪͻͽ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͸ͪͷ͹ͼͽ;ͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β͊ͻͫͪͳ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͼͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͪ͸ͰͱͰͶͳͯͪͱͳͬͳ;ͳͼͽ͹ͷͭͻͪͯ;͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͳͲͫͳΒͪΔͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪ /70
t+FMFOB"OßVKTLBi ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͯͼͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͳͲͭ;ͫͳͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ͵ͪ͵͹͵ͪͱͰ͍;͵;Βͪͷͪ 'VLVKBNB
ͼͽͻ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹͸͹ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͰ͵Ͷ͹͈̀ͪͪͽ͸ͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ
ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͵͹ΒF ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͳ ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͽͳ Ͳͪ ͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͬͪ͵ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ 1BUOBN ͼͽͻ
͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͼͰ;ͻ;΃ͳ͹ ͸ͪͼ
ͽ;ͺͳͶͪΒͰͳ͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ͌ͼͬͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͳΒ͹Βͭͻ;ͺͳͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͹͸͹ͼͰ;ͷͪΔ;ΒͰͼͪ
;ͬͰΕͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͫͻ͹Βͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ ͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱ;ΒͰ ͈ͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ;
͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪͺͻͰ͵ͳ͸;ͽͪͼ; ͼ;͵͹ͫΒͰͺ͹ͺͻͳͷͳ͹ͰͺͳͽͰͽͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ͏ͻ͵ͬͪ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭ͊ͪͬͰΒͰ
ͼͺͪΓͰ͸ͪ;Β;ͱ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͪ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵͍͇͉ͪ̓ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ
Ͷͳ ; ΔͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽ; ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼ; ͼͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͪ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ ͼ; ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ
͸Ͱͯͳͻ͸;ͽͳ5 ͌ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻ͹ͫΓͰΒͰͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸Ͱ͹΃ͽͰΕͰ͸͹
͇ͬ͹ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͬ; ͽͰͲ; ͹ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͷ ͵͹ͻͰ͸; ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͳ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹ͳ;͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ́ͪ͵͹ͼ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
5
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttps://XXX.rtvbn.com4SCJposjetiligrobljana,PTPWVi.FUPIJKJͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹
25. 9. 2017.
592
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ;ͽͪ ͼ; ͳͭͻͪͶͳ ͸ͪ ͵ͪͻͽ; ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹Β
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳͅͰΌ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪͳͷͪͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͳ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͳ͹͸ͳͼͰ͸ͰͯͰͶͰͷͰΌ;
ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͺ͹ ͽ͹ͷ ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͊ͻͫͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷ ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ ͪͶͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͷͪΔͳ͸͹ͷ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͯͰͶ; ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯ͹͵ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͊ͻͫͰ ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β; ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;
ͷͪΔͳ͸;;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ΒͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽ͹Β͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͌͆͌ͼͬ͹ͷͻ͹ͷͪ
͸;̻͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͳͼͶ;ͭͰ ́ͼͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳ͵ͼͰ͸ͪΒͲͪͯͲͪͺͳͽͪ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹͊ͻͫͳ
͵ͪ͹ͼͬͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪͳͷͪΒ;ͬͳ΃ͰͬͰͻͪ̀ͪͻ͸Ͱͫͳͫͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͊ͻͫͳ͸͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͶͳ
͊ͻͫͳ͸ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͌ͼͬ͹ͷͽͰͼͽͪͷͰ͸ͽ;ͺͳͼͪ΁ͅͰ΃ͪ͊ͰͶͳͷ͹ͬͳΕͼͰͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͪΒͰ
ͺͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͺͳͼͪ΁ ͳ ͯͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ ͯͰͶ͹ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ̺;͵ͪ ͪͅͽͪͬ;Γͪ ͊ͽͰͬͪ͸ͪ
͊ͻͰͷ΁ͪ ̹͹ͻͳͼͪͬͪ͊ͽͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͪ ͈Ͱͽͻͪ̓͹΂ͳΕͪͳ́ͬͰ̸͸ͯͻͳΕͪ͌ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͫͳͬ΃Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͹͸ͫͳͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͯͪΒͰͱͳͬͫͳ͹;ͼͪͷ
ΓͰ͸͵ͪ͹͊ͻͫͳ͸ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ
͉ͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͼ;ͼͪͯͪ͸ͪΒ;͹΂ΓͳͬͳΒͰ͈ͻͰͷ͎ͪͪ͸
ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸; ͭͶͪͬ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰΒͰͼͽͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͼͬͰͼͽ ͹͸ͪΒͰͼͷͰ͸ͳͶͪͺ͹ͯͰͶ;ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͪͻͽͰͼͬͰͽͪͺ͹ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͼͽͻ
͊ͪͯͪΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ ͵ͪͱͰ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ Ͳͪͳͼ΁ͻͽͪͬͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͫͳͼͰ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͶ͹ͳͲͫͳΒͪΔͰͽͻͰΕͰͭ
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹;ͼͬͰͽ;ͳͷͪͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹΁Ͱͺͪ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͽ;ͼͻͰΕ;
͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ͳͶͳ ͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͪ ͷ͹ͭ; ͳ ͯͪΓͰ ͯͪ ΃ͳͻͰ ͼͬ͹Β;
ͽͬͻͯ;ͳͶͳͷͰ͵;ͷ͹Ε͌ͯͰͶ;5LPTNPNJ )VOUJOHUPO
͹͸ͼͰͫͪͬͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪtͅͳiͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ͹ͯͯͬ͹ΒͰͳͶͳͽͻ͹ΒͰΓ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͎ͪ͸ͽͳͭͽ͹͸͹ͬ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͸ͳΒͰ ͽͰ΃͵͹ Ͳͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ; ͽ͹ͷ
tͅͳiͬͳͯͳͼͰͫͰ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ͎ͻͳͼͽ͹ͼ͹ͷ́ͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ΒͰͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ΒͰͻͼͰ;͵ͶͪΔͪ
Δ;̸Ͷͪ΀;ͺͰͽͺ;ͽͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
͇ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻ͹΃ͳͻ;ΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵ͪͯͪͭͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͸Ͱ͵͹͵͹ͼͬ͹ΒͶͳ΂͸ͳͳͶͳͭͻ;ͺ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ
ͽͻͪͱͳ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷ ͭͯͰ ͼ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ͹ͷ
ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͪͽ͹ͷͳͲͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͹ͼͽͪͻͰͶͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͬͰͲͯͰͼͳͶ͹ͷͭͻͪ
ͬͳͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͰͭ͹ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͼ͵;ͺΓͪ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Βͽͪ΂͵ͳͶͪͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ͋ͪ͵ͪͬ΂͹ͬͰ͵ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͲͳΒͰ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ;͸;ͽͪͻ ͼͰͫͰͳ ͹͵͹ͼͰͫͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ΃ͳͷͪͶͪ΁ͻ͸ͪͻ;ͺͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͰͯͪͼͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪͬ͹ΓͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ;t͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͷiͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃
ͽͬ;ͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͯ;ͺͻͰͽͳͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷ͸͹Βͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳ΀ͳͺ͸͹ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬ͹͵ͪ͹ͳ
͸ͪͯͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹;ͷͰΕͰ͸ͪͯͪΔͪ
ͯͪͼͰͽͰͶͰ͵ͳ͸ͰͲ͹ͷͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͷͰͻͪͽͳ͸ͪͯͪΓͳ͸;͸Ͱͱͳ
ͬͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ̀͸ͪΔͰΒͰ;ͼͽ;ͺͳͶ͹ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ̹ͳͽͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸;ͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷ
ͯ͹ͫ;ͳͷͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͹ͫͳͽͳ΀ͻͪͫͪͻ;ͺͻ͹΃ͶͳͷͺͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ̸ͪͻͳͼͽ͹ͽͰͶ͹
ͬͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ Ͷͪͱ͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ͳͲ ͯͳͪ͸͹Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͶͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ΃Ͷͪ ;
Ͱͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ΒͰͻ ͼͰ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Β ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͬͰ ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͹ͼͰΕͪ ͼͽͳͯ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭ ΃ͽ͹ ͫͳ tͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹i ͯͪ
Ͳ͸ͪͷ͹ ͪ ͸Ͱ Ͳ͸ͪͷ͹ ͅ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͵ͬͳͲ͹ͬͳ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͸͹ͬͰ ͪͻͰ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͭͶͪͯͳΒͪͽ͹ͻͰ
ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭtͲ͸ͪΔͪi̸͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪͽͳͳͲ͸ͪͽͳ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰ
ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͰͺ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱ
593
̺ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͻ͹ͳͷͪ͵ͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͰͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱ͵Ͷͪͽ͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ͵ͻͰΕͰ͹ͯͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭ͵ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͳ
͸ͪͽͻͪͭ ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪ΃ͰͬͻͰͷͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ̺ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͷͰͻͪ͵͹Β͹ͷͲͪ͵Γ;΂;
ΒͰͷ͹΃ͽͪΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͳͲͶ͹Ͳͪͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͽͰͶͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͯ;΀ͪͺ͹ΒͰ
ͯͳ͸΁ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ͵ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕͳͬͪΔͰ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰΓͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͼͪ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷ ͳ
͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹ ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ Ͳ͸ͪ͵ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͽ͹ͷ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ͹ͷ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵͹ͷ ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ ; ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; ͵͹ΒͰͭ
ͳ͸ͽ;ͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹ͯͻ;ͭͰ͵ͪ͹tͳͼͽ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱi ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͺͻͳͬ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳ͵ͽ͹ͷͭ͹ͷͳͶͰ
͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͷ͹ͼͽͪ;ͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͯͰ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ̺ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͼͳͯͻ͹
͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸ͷͳͻͲͪ͸ͪ΃;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒ;͌ͯ;΀;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͪ͸ͽͳΒ;͸ͪ
͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͪͶ͹͸ͪͳͬ͸͹ͫͳͽͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͪ͸ͽͳͽͰͲͪ ͫͳͽͳͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͳ ͪ͸Ͱͫͳͽͳ͸ͪͯͭͶͪͼͪ͸ͭͪͶͪͷ͹ͷ
ͷͪͼͰΓ;ͯͳ͸ͪΒ;ͱ͸͹ΒͳͶͳͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ̻Ͷͪͬ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͸ͪ́ͫͻ;
̸̸̸̸͇͉̺͈͉̺̺͉͇̽̿̾́́̽͊͋͆͊͋́͢
̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ́ͫͻ; ͵ͪ͹Ϳͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͺͻͰͶͪͲ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹͵ͪͱͰ͈ΒͰͻ͹̀ͪ͸ͳ͸ͳ;
ͯͰͶ;̀͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ;BOJOJ ͼͽͻ
– ͷͰΌ͈ͪͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵ͺͻͰ͵͹ΔͰͭͪͷͰΔͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ
͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ IPNP QFSFHSJOVT ͉ͳͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳͲ ͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͷ ͼͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ͵͹Βͪͯ͹ΌͰ;ͼͽͻͪ͸;ͲͰͷΓ;ͯͪͼͰ;Δ͹ΒͽͻͪΒ͸͹͸ͪͼͰͶͳ͊ͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͫͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸
ͽͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ͹͹ͼ͹ͫ; ͵͹Βͪ ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪͯͪ ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΒͰ ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ;ͼͰΓͰ͸ͳ͵;
͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸͹ ͯͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͯ͹͸ͰͼͰ͹ͯͶ;͵; ͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͰΓͰ͸ͳ͵ͳͲͼͬ͹ΒͰͲͰͷΓͰ Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽ
ͳͲͫͰͭ͸Ͱ
ͰͺͳͽͰͽͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͪ͊͹ͫͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ́ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪͯ͹Β;΂Ͱͻͪ΃ΔͰ͵͹ͷ΃ͳΒͰͼͰͬͰΕͯͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͳ ͪͶͳͺͻͰͻͪͼͺ͍͉ͪͯͪ͊͠ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁;ΒͰͫͳͶ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͰͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͵͹ͷ΃ͳΒͳ
ͳ͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹ ΒͰͻͼͰͼͪΔͳͷͪͲͪͽͬͪͻͪ͹͵ͻ;ͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͫͪ΃Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͫͰͲͫ͹ΒͪͲ͸ͳͯͪΕͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͳͲΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪͫͳͶ͹΃ͽͪͼͪͲ͸ͪͽͳ͌ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹;ͬͰΕͳͷͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ͵͹Β͹Βͫͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͺͻͳ
Ͷͳ͵ͪͷͪͺͻͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͳͶͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳ͵;ͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ΃ͳΒͳͳͲͲͭͻͪͯͰ ΒͰͻΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ ͷͪΔͪͬͰͻ͹
ͬͪͽ͸͹Εͪͯͪͫͳ͹͸ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͽ͹ͯͪͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ΃;΃ͽͰͽ;̸ͺ͹ͻͳͬͯͪͷ;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͼͺͻͳ΂ͪͷ͹ͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸
ΒͰͽͰͷͳ;ͫͪΒ΁ͳt͌΁ͪͻͪ͋ͻ͹Βͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͲΒͰ;΃ͳi ͼͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹͵ͪ͹͹͸ͪΒ͸ͰͼͻͰΕ͸ͳͫͰͻͫͰͻͳ͸ͯͪ
ͽͻ΂ͳͷ͹;ͺ͹ΓͰͳͳͼ͵͹ͺͪͷ͹Βͪͷ;ͯͪͫͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͳͽͰͺͻͳͼͳͶ͸ͰͱͰΓͰͯͪΒͪͬ͸͹͵ͪͱͰͷ͹΃ͽͪ
ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹̹ͰͻͫͰͻ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͿͻͳͲͰͻͼ͵ͳͼͪͶ͹͸ͳ ͵ͪͿͪ͸Ͱ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸ͳͼͪͺ;ͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͫ;ͼ; ͬ͹Ͳ; ͪ;ͽ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ͺͰͻͳ ͽͪ͵ͼͳͼͽͳ ͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͳͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͲͪͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰͭͶͪͼͳ͸ͪ:
t͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͬͳͺͻͳ΂ͪΒ;Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͳΒͰͭͶͪͼͳ͸ͪ ͬͰΕΒͰͭͶͪͼͳ͸ͪ͹͸͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͪͼͰ͵ͪͱͰͯͪͼͬͳͺͻͳ
΂ͪΒ;̻Ͷͪͼͳ͸Ͱͼ;΁ͳͽͪͽͳͳͶͳͬͪͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ΁ͳͽͪͽͪ ;ͲΒͰͯ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹
͵͹ͭͪ΁ͳͽͳͻͪΒ;͆ͳ͵͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ͵͹;Δͳͷͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi /PKCBVFS ͼͽͻ

͌ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͼͽͪ͵ͼͳͼͽ͹ͷ ͯ͹͵ͼͷ͹;ͬ͹ͲͳͶ;ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͶͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͷ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ́ͫͻ; ;̓ͻͪΓͰͬ; ΂;͹ͼͪͷͺͻͳ΂;
tͅͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁;ͳͲ̹͹ͼ͸ͰΒ͹΃͸ͳͼ;;ͼͺͰͶͳͯͪͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪΒ; ͸ͰͲ͸ͪΒ;͵͹ͼͪͷΒͰͻͼͷ͹ͯ͹΃Ͷͳ͹ͬͯͰͫͰͲͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͻ͹ͯͫͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹Βͪͼͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁͹ͷ ͹͸ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͵͹ͷ΃ͳΒͰͳ΃΂ͪ΂͵ͪͶͰͼͬͰ͹͸ͪͷͪ ͹ͬͪ͵͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͪͲ͸ͪΒ;
Β͹΃ͼͷ͹ͲͪΔͳ΀Ͱ͸ͳͭͷͪi
594
́ͺͪ͵ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͼͰ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99*ͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ
͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͽͳͺͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪͳͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀΂ͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͍͇͉̓ͪͺͻͰ;ͲͰ͹ͽ;;Ͷ͹ͭ;̻͹Ϳͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͹͸ͳͼ;t͸Ͱ͹ͼ͹ͫͰi ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸;
;Ͷ͹ͭ;
t͇͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͭͻͪΒ;͹ͬ;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳͼ;ͽ͹͵͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͳͷͪ͸ͰͺͻͰ
;ͲͳͷͪΒ;͸ͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪ͸ͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱi (PGNBO ͼͽͻ

͇͸ͳͼͰ;͹΂ͳͷͪtͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪiͳtͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱi΂ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳ ̓ͪͯͪͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪΔͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹΂͸;ͯͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͻͰͯͼͪΒ;ͱ͸ͰͳͼͰͬͰͻ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͽͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͬͳͯ
ΓͳͬͳΒͳ͹ͯͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ΒͰͻ;ͷͰͼͽ͹͸Ͱͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͺͻͳͼͽͻͪ
ͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͻͰͷͰͽͰͽ͹͵ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͵ͪͷͰͻͷͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͼ͸ͳͷͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͲͪͳͼͽͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ͸ͪͼ΁Ͱ
͸ͳͳͽͪ͵͹ͼ͵ͻͰΕͰͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͼͰͫͰ
͊ͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͼ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͺͪͱΔͰ͸ͪͼͰͫͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵Ͱͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ
Ͳͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁Ͱ ͱͳͽͰΓͰͭͻͪͯͪͼͪ͹ͫͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͼͽͪ ͵͹ΒͳͱͰͶͰΕͳͯͪͼͰͳͼͽͪ͵͸;;ͭͻ;ͺͳͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ
͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼ;ͽ͹ͷͶͪΌͳΓ;ͯͳ
ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰͺͻͰ͵͹́ͫͻͪͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͫͳͼͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͶͳ;͌Ͷͳ΁ͳ͵ͻͪΓ͈ͪͰͽͻͪ
ͳͶͳ͌Ͷͳ΁ͳ͵ͻͪΓͳ΁Ͱ͋Ͱ;ͽͰ́͸ͰͼͬͰͼ͸͹ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪΒ;Εͳ ͷ͹ͱͯͪͳͭͻͪΒ;;Ͷ͹ͭ;̸͸ͯͻͳΕͰͬ͹ͭͣ͹ͻ͵ͪ͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͪͫͳͲͪͫͪͬͳ͹Ͷͪͱ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͰ ͺ͹Ͷ;ͺͳΒͪ͸ͺͶͰͼͪ͹ͺ͹ͲͪͶͰΌͰ͸͹Β͹ͭͻͪͯͳ΁ͰͶ͹ͷͯ;ͱͳ͸͹ͷ
ͷ͹ͼͽͪtͣ͹ͻ͵ͪ͸͹ͬͼͳ͸ͯͻ͹ͷiΒͰ ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͳ΀ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͼͽͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͬͳͼ͹͵͹;Ͳͯͳͭ͸;ͽ͹ͷ͵͹͸
ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳͲ͸ͪͯͬ͹ͯͰ̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ́ͫͻ; Ͳͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ΒͰͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹Β
ͼͶͰͺ͹Β;Ͷͳ΁ͳ ΒͰͻΒͰ͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸ͳͲͪͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͳͲͪΒ;ͱ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ́ͼͺͻͰͯ͹ͬ͹ͭͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭ
ͷ͹ͼͽͪͼͽͳ΂ͰͼͰ;ͽͳͼͪ͵͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹;ͼͻͰͯͼ͸ͳͷͪΔͪͿͳͶͷͪͲͪͽͬͪͻͪͼͰ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͲͪͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͯͪ
ͫͳͭͶ;ͷ΁ͳͳͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳͷ͹ͭͶͳ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸͹ͯͪ͹ͯͳͭͻͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ;
̺ͻͰͷͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷtͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷiͯͰͶ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͰΒͰͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͼ͸ͳ
ͷͪΔͪͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͆Ͱ͵Ͱ ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͰΕͰͼͰͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪͽͳͳͳͼͺͻͪͬΓͪͽͳ;ͷ͹͸ͽͪͱͳͯ͹͵tͻͰͯͳͽͰΓi͸Ͱͫ;ͯͰ
͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸̽ͪͶͳΒͰͻͰͯͳͽͰΓͲͪͷͳͼͶͳ͹͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͷͰͽͻͪͱ͸ͳͳͶͳͯ;ͭ͹ͷͰͽͻͪͱ͸ͳͿͳͶͷ ́Ͷͳ
ΒͰͬͳ΃ͰͻͰͯͳͽͰΓͪ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͹ͷ͸ͳͫ;ͼͪ ͋͹Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͼͺͶͰͽͪ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͯͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͺ͹ͶͪͱͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͻͰͱͳͻͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ͸ͪ
ͷ͹ͼͽ;͊ͪΒ;ͱ͸ͰͳͼͰͬͰͻ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͬͻͰͷͰΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ ͹ͯͪͽͶͰΕͰͼͰͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͺͪͻ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳ΀͵ͪͯ
ͻ͹ͬͪͬͻͪͽͳͽͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵;ΕͰͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰ
͈͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͷͪͼ;͸ͪ;Ͳͪ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͷ͹ͼͽͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳΒͰͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ͵Ͷ̀ͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹Β;ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵;
Ͱ͵ͳͺ;ͱͰΓ͸;ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪͯͪͳͷͪͶͰ΂ͪͻ͵Ͱ͸ͪͷ͹ͼͽ;
ͪ͵͹ͯ͹Δͳ΀Ͳͪͳͼͽͪͳͯ͹ΌͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ͵ͪ͹ ͼ;͵͹ͫͷͪͼͪ ͪͷ͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͹͋Ͱͻͷ͹ͺͳͶͼ͵ͳͽͰͼ͸ͪ΁ ͌ͷͪͼͳ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰͯ͸; ͼͽͻͪ͸; Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵; ͼͬͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ; Δ͹Β ͊ͽͻͪ΀ ͹ͯ
ͼͪͷ͹ΕͰ ͹ͯͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͯͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹͹ͯͶ;΂;ΒͰͷ͹ ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ;ͽͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͪͅͼ;͸Ͱͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΒ;
΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽͳΓ;ͯͳ ͺͻͳͬͳͯΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͳͶ͹ͷͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͼͽͪͬ;͹͸͹ͭtͅͳͼͬͳiͪͅͼͪΒͰ
tͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͫͰͲͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͰͻΒͰͫͰͲͬͰͻͰ͇͸ͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͬͰͯͪͻͪͲ͹ͻͳ ͳͷͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;
ͯͪ͸Ͱͽ͹ͶͰͻͳ΃Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͳͽͳͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸; ͬͰΕͯͪͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸;ΒͰΓ;ͯͰͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͷͻͪ
ͬͳi ͪ͠ͼͺͰͻͼ ͼͽͻ

595
͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Βͷ͸͹ͭ͹Γ;ͯ͸͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ΒͰͽͰ͵ΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪ͹΂ͳΒ;̸ͻͭ;ͼͪͷͪͼͰ ͪͶͳ͹͸͹
͹͵͹͵͹ΒͰͼͺͪͬͪ ͯ͹͵ͼ;͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͹΂ͳͫ;ͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͻͪͱͳ͋͹ΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻͰͼͺͪͬͪ͹ͼͬ͹Β;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͻΒͰͺͻͰͺ;ͼͽͳ͹ͯͪͯͻ;ͭͳ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β; ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ΔͰͭͪ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪΒͰͳͶ;ͲͳΒͪ ͵͹Β; ͹͸
͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͼͪͼͰͫͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ;ͺͻͰͼͰ͵;ͼ͵;
ͺ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱͷͪͼ;͸ͪ́ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͼͽ;
͌ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ ͸̻ͪͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͷ͹ͼͽ;͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͬͳͯͰͽͳͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͳ͵Ͱͭ͹ͷͳͶ;͵͹Βͪ
ΒͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͪͭͻͰͭͪͽ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͼͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͻͰͶͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͼͪ
ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͷͱͰΓ͹ͷͯͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͺͰ΃ͪ΂͵͹ͷͺͻͰͶͪͲ;ͺͻͰΌ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ;ͼͽͻͪ͸; ͼ͵;ͺΓ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
; ͭͻͪͯ; ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ– ͬͰΕͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷͻͰ΂͸ͳ͵;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹
Γ;ͯͳ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͹ͯͪͫͳͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͹͸Ͱ͵;ͳͯͰΒ; ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͈ͻͳͷͰͻͳ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ͹͵;ͺΓͪΔͪͼ;ͷͳͽͳ͸Ͳͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸Ͱͳͭͻ͹ͫ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹ͻ͵ͰͳͻͪͲ͸ͰͺͪͻͪͯͰ
ͭͯͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͳ ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ ͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͵ͻͰΕͰ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ ͼ ͭͶ;ͷ΁ͳͷͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀;Ͷ͹͈ͭͪ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳͭͶ;ͷͪ΁;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͼͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;Β; ͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕ;Β;ΕͳͼͰͳͼͽ͹ͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸͹͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬ;Ͷͳ΂͸ͳͽͰͪͽͪͻΒͰ͹ͯͻͱͳͬͯ͹͵ͼͰ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰͺͻͳͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸͹ͻͷͳ
ͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͪͶͳ͵ͪͯͪͯ͹ ͽ͹ͭͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ΌͰ ͹͸ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹͹͵;ͺΓͪΔͰΓ;ͯͳͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ;
ͯͰͲ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸;ͷͪͼ; ͵͹Βͪͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸͹ͳͷͪͷ͹Ε ΒͰͻͼ;ͼͰΔͰ͸ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͳͫͪͶͪͼͽͪ
ͬ͹ΌͼͽͬͪͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͳͭͻͰ
̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΕͰ̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽͽͻͪΒͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭͳΒ;ͱ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ͇͸ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͱͪͻͳ΃͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͰͷͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͬ͹Β͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͯͪͺ͹ͻͰͷͰͽͰͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱ;ͷ͹Εͳ;ͼͬ͹Β;͵͹ͻͳͼͽ
ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͳͼͺͳͽ;Β;ͼͬ͹Β;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳ;͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͯͰͶ;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ̓ͪ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͷ͹ͼͽΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸;ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ΒͰͻΒͰ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸
ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪ͸ ͵ͪ͹ ̺ͳ΃Ͱͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹ͼͽ ; ̸͸ͯͻͳΕͰͬ͹ͷ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸; ͇͸ ΒͰ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ
ͷ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱ΃ͳͻͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳͫͳͬ΃ͳ΀͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪ ͭͯͰΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͼͬ͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͳͫͳ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͷͰ͸ͳͽͰΓ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͽͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͹͸ΒͰ΁Ͱ͹ ΒͰͻͼͰͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͫͻͳͼͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͼͳͷͫ͹ͶtͼͺͪΒͪΔͪiͪ͸ͰͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͷ͹ͻͪ͵͹͸Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳͼͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵͹ͷ
͇ͯ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸͹ͭͷ͹ͼͽͪ ́ͫͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͼͽΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͳͯͰͪͶ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹Ͳͪͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ
ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͬͪ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳ;͹͸͹ͷͰͼ
ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ́ͫͻͪͬͳͯͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ΃ͽ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳ;ΒͰͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͭͯͰͼͰͯ͹ͯͳͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ;ͫͳͬ΃͹Β͍͉͊͠ͺͻͰ
ͽͬͪͻͪ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͯͰͶͳ;͎ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;

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271.2

̸͉̽́͏̸͇̺͆̾̽̾̓́ͣ͡ͅ 1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ
̸̸̸̸͈͉̺͇̺̻͇̹͊̈́̾́̈́̈́́̀͡͏́͊̓́͠
̸̸̸̸͇̺̹͇͈͉̺͇̺́̀̀́͌̽͌ͣ͆͊͋͊̈́͡
̸̸͇̓̾́͠ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;tͼͬͰͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ΒͼͬͰͻ͹ͫ͹Ϳͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳiΒͰͼͽͰ
ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ;ΕͰͳͬͪͱ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰͬͰΕͳͲͪͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ;͹ͺ΃
ͽͰ͇ͬ͹ͼ;ͯͫ͹͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽͪ͸ͳͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͪ͸͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͆ͪ͵͹͸;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪ
͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪͳͯͰΒͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ
͸ͪ͑ͽͪΒͰͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷͰͽͪ͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͺͪͼ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͶͳͲͪ͸ͪΒͬͰ
ΕͰͭ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ͸Ͱ
ͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ΒͰͫͳ͹tͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͻ ͸ͪ́ͼͽ͹͵i͆ͪͷͰͻͪΒͰ
ͫͳͶͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͯͪͼͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͰ;ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͺ͹͸͹ͼ͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪͼͬ͹Β;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;;ͻͪͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵;
ͭ͹ͷͳͶ;͌ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ;ͻͰͺ͹ͯ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΓͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͼͽͪͺͪΔͰͬͰͻͪ;͸͹ͬ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ;͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓͳͷͪ͹͵;ͶͽͳͲͷͪ ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱͼ;͹ͯͶͳ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͱͳͬͳͷ͹͌ͻͪͯ;͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͷ͹ͯͪ;͵ͪͱͰͷ͹͸ͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͼ΁ͳΓͰͷ;͸ͳ΃
ͽͰΔͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳͯͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪͷ͹ͯͪͯͪͷ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ–
ͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͪͯͰ ͭͯͰͶͰͱͳͼͺͪͼͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ͆ͪ͵͹͸̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͺͻͬͳ΃ͰͿ͏̸́ ̸ͶͰ͸
̽ͪͶBͼ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰt͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͷ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ΃ͯͪͺ͹ͫͰͯͳ΃ͅͳΕͰͷ͹ͳͷͯͪͽͳͶͪͱ͸ͰͳͯͰͪͶͰ
ͳ͹͸ͳΕͰͼͪͷͳͼͰͫͰͯͪ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰíͲ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͷͻͽ͹͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͲͪͭͻΓͪΒͪͲͪͼͪͯͪͼͰͼͺͪͼͶͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͪ ͸ͪ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪΒͰͯͪͼͶͰͯͰͽͪΒͺ;ͽ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͸͹ͬͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵
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́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪΒͰͷͪΔͰͬͳ΃ͰͭͶ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͇͸ͪΒͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ͆Ͱ
ͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͷͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͎ͪ͹ΕͰͷ͹ͯͪͱͳͬͳͷ͹;
ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽͳ ͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸ͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ
ͺͳ΃Γͳͬ͹ͭͫ͹ͫͪΒͰͼͽͰ͹͸ͪ͵͹Β;ͼͽͬͪͻͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͅͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͷ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͅͳͼͷ͹ ͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵ͳ
ͫ͹ͭ͹ͬͳ ͯͰͷͳΒ;ͻͲͳͳͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͳͼͬͰͽͪ
́͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͪ΁͎Ͱ͸ͻͳ͍͹ͻͯ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;;Ͳͪ͐ͳ͵ͪͭ͹
͋ͻͳͫΒ;͸ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
̺͇͌̽–̸̸̸͈͇͈͉̺͇̺̺͉͊̈́͆̾̾̾͠ͅ
͊ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ͹ͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͼ;͹ͯ͹ͶͰͶͳͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͳΓͪͳͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͪͷ͸ͰͲͳΒͰ͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͬͰͻͪͷͳͷ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͬ͹ͯͳͶͪΒͰͻͪ΂;͸ͪ
͹͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͯ;΀ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͼͪͷͪ͹ͺͶͰͷͰΔͳͬͪͶͪͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ ͳ͹͸ͪΒͰͽ͹;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ
͋ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽΕͰͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;Ͱͼ΀ͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͬͰͻͪͽͰͱͳͶͪ
ͯͪ͹ͬ͹ͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ͵ͻ͹Ͳͼͪͫ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͳͳͯͰͪͶ;͸ͰͫͰͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͆ͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;
ͪͶ͸͹Βͻͪͬ͸ͳ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳ΁ͳΓͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͫͳΕͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͹ͫ͹ͭ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰΔͪ ͹ͫ͹ͱͰΔͪ–
ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ Ͷͳ͵; ́Ͳ ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ ͸ͰͫͰͼ͵͹ͭ
΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ΕͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸; ͼͶͳ͵; ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ; ͼͬͰͽ; ͋ͪ͵ͪͬ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ΕͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹
ͬ͹ͯͳͽͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΔ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳ͹ͯͫͻͪͷͫͰ͸ͳͫͰͯͰͷͺͻͰͷͪ
Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸͹ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͯͰΒͪͷͪͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͺ͹ͲͳͽͳͬͳͲͷͪ͊ͬͰͽͳ
͉͹;Ͳ͊ͰͻͪͿͳ͸ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳͷͪ ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕ; ͺ͹ͻ;͵;t͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ
̽ͻͱͳͽͰͼͰ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹ͫͶͪͭ͹ͯͪͽͳ͵͹Β;ͳͷͪͽͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ΒͽͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷͳͽͳͯͪ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͪͬͳ͵Ͱ
͸Ͱͷ͹ΒͽͰΒͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͷͰͻͳͽͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ͸ͳͽͳ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͽͰͯͪ͹͸ͪͫ;ͯͰͶ͹ͭͳ΂͸ͪͳͼ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͪ
͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͳͲ͸ͪͯ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͳͶͳ͵͹ΒͳͷͳͼͶͰͯͪͺͻͳͷͰͫͶͪͭ͹
ͯͪͽ ̽;΀ͪ ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭͪ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ ͹ͯ ͹͸͹ͭ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪͷ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͪͶͪ ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ͏ͻ͵ͬͪ ͎ͻͳͼͽͪi
ͺͻͰͷͪͪͅͽͰΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̺͌ͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͰ͸΁ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͯͳΒͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͼͰͯͪtͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪͷ͹
͹͸͹ͭ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͫͰΌͰ͸ͯͪͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͳͼͶͳ ͵͹ΒͳͬͰͻ;ΒͰ– ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͰͻ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯͭͻ΂͵ͰͻͰ΂ͳ͹ͻͽ͹ͼ– ͺͻͪ
ͬͳͶ͸͹ ͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ ͳͯ͹͵ͼͪ– ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ;΂ͰΔͰi ͼͽͻ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ
ͶͪͬΓͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ ͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰΔͰ̹͹ͭͪ Ͳͪͽ͹ͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹͹ͻͽ͹ͯ͹͵ͼͳΒͪ
t͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰΒͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͻͰͪͶͳͲ;Β;Εͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰͳͱͳͬ͹ͼͬͰ
ͯ͹΂ͰΔͰi ̓ͪͶͰͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪ;ͬͰͯͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͯ;΃;ͳͽͰͶ͹ ;
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺ΃ͽͰΔͪ– Ͱͼ΀ͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽt̹ͳͽͳ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͪ͸Ͱͫͳͽͳ͹ͯͼͬͰͽͪ– Ͳͪͯͪ
ͽͪ͵ΒͰ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͪi ̹ͳͭ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͭͻͰ΃ͪ͸΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬ͸͹;΂ͰΔͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ͹ͺͳ΃ͰͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;̹͹ͭͪ ͽͰͼͽ͹ͭͪ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸̿;ΔͳΕ
tͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͼͬͰͽ;͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼ͹͵ͻ;ͱ;ΒͰ;΂ͳͯͪͼͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͳͼͽͪ͵͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪΔͪͳ ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽΔͰͷ; ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ

̸͉̽́͏̸͇̺͆̾̽̾̓́ͣ͡ͅ: ͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ...
͸ͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΔ; ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͳ ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ ͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͽͪΒ͸ͳ ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͸ͰͫͰͼ͵͹ͭi
̿;ΔͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͽ͹ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͷ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ̾ͻ͸Ͱͼͽ̹Ͱ͸΁ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ;t;ͷͼ͵͹;ΔͰͷ;
ͳͷͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͼͻ΁ͪͳΓ;ͫͪͬͳi ̹Ͱ͸΁ ͼͽͻ
̽͹́ͼͽͳ͸ͰͼͰͼͽͳͱͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ̺Ͱͻ̻ͪͰ͹ͻ
ͭͳΒͰͬͪ ͳͼͳ΀ͪͲͷ͹ͷ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ;ͷͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͳ;ͼͻ΁;ΒͰͻtΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ͯͪͼͰͳͲͻͪͲͳͳͼͽͳ
͸ͪ ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ;ͷ͸ͳΒͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ͸ͯͪͯ͹΀ͬͪͽͳͫ͹ͱΒ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;i ̻Ͱ͹ͻͭͳΒͰͬͪ ͼͽͻ
t͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬΓͰͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͬͪͼͺͳͽͪͬͪͼͻ΁Ͱ ͳ;ͽ͹ͷͰΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸͹͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͰ ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͵ͪ͵͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͺͻͰͷ͹Εͳ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳi ̹;Ͷͭͪ͵͹ͬ ͼͽͻ
͡;ͫͪͬͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ;ͶͪͽͰ
΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͺ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ͹͸͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸̹͹ͭ;ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͵͹Βͳ΀͹͸ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ͡;ͫͪͬΒͰͳͷͪ
͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ΒͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͻΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͺ͹Ͷͳ͵;̹͹ͱΒͰͷ ̹ͪ͹ͭΒͰΓ;ͫͪͬ ͼͽ͹ͭͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͫ͹ͭ͹΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͰͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹
ͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͪ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹Β΀ͻͳͼͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ̹͌͹ͭ͹΂͹
ͬͰ͵;͎ͻͳͼͽ;͸ͪ͸ͪΒͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ͸Ͱͭ;ͫͰͼͬ͹Βͪͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬͪ
ͼΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱͼ; ̹͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ ͼͬͰͽ̹͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͼͬͰͽͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵ͳ͌͢Ͱͷ;ͼ;;͵ͳ
͸;ͽͰͼͬͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͬͰ΂͸͹ͭͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͰͫͰͼ͵͹ͭͳͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵͹ͭ
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺͻͳͭ͹Ͷ͹Β΂͹ͬͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰͳͯͰͪͶͳͲͳΒͰ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͬͰΕ͸ͪ
ͼͬͳͷͼͬ͹Βͳͷͺ;ͽͰͬͳͷͪͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͳͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰ̹ͯͪ͹ͭ͹΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͪ͸Ͱ΂͹ͬͰ͵͇ͪͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ
ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͳ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͭͶͪͼͳ ͫ͹ͭ͹΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹
ͫ͹ͭ͹΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͪ ͹͸ͳ ͼ; ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ ; ͫ͹ͭ͹΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ΁ͳ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ
͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯͪͽͪ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͬͪ͸ΌͰͶͼ͵͹Βͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͯͪΒͰt̻͹ͼͺ͹ͯ́ͼ;ͼͳ́ͼͽͳ͸ͪͳ͈;ͽi
̻͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ̸͸ͪͼͽͪͼͳΒͰ ͪͻ΀ͳͰͺͳͼ͵͹ͺ͋ͳͻͪ͸Ͱͳ΁ͰͶͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ͵;ΒͰ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͈ͻͬͳ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͺͻͬͪ ͽͻͳ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͫͳͶ͹
ͺͻ͹ͭ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͳͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸͹̽ͻ;ͭͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͽͻͪΒͰ͹ͯ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ͹ͭͯ͹ͺͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͬͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͰͻͳ
͹ͯ
ͳ;ΔͰͷ;ΒͰ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹;̺ͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͲͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ;̺ͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ ΁ͪͻͰͬͳ ͼ; ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͯͪ ͸ͰͺͻͰͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͼͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳͷ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͻͱͪͽͳ ͸ͪ ͹͵;ͺ; ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͷ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ
͋ͻͰΕͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ͹ͽͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ ͺͪͯ͹ͷ̺ͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͰ
ͳͽͻͪΒͰͯ͹ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͯͰͬͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ; ͪͅͶ͹Β ̸ͲͳΒͳ ͳ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͫͳͬͪΒ; ;ͭΔͰͽͪͬͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
͇ͽ͹ͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ͐ͰͽͬͻͽͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ;ͯͰͬͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͷͬͰ͵;ͳͽͻͪΒͰͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͵ͪͯͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ;ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ
̸͸ͪͼͽͪͼͳΒͰ ͼͽͻ–

̸̸̸̸͈͉̺͇̺̻͇̹͊̈́̾́̈́̈́́̀͡͏̸͇̺́͊̓́́̀̀́͠
̓ͻͪΒͰͷͷͳ͸;Ͷ͹ͭͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶͪ΁ͪͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͶ͹ΒͰ ͳͶͳ
ͳͷͼͰͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹
ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪͬͻͰͷͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹΀ͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͼ;͵͹ͫͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͰͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͋͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͵ͪͯͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΁ͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͳͻͪ
Β; ͻͪͯ ͸ͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͳ͸ͱͳΔͰͻͳ͸ͭ; ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸͹ͬ͹ ͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ –
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ ͪͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸ͰͼͷͰΒ;ͯͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͺ;ͽ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ΒͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͳͽͻͪ͸
ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ tͽ;ͻͫ͹͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͫ͹ͻͳ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ

ͼͬͰͭͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͬͰͻͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͺͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͻͪͯͪ ͌ͺͻ͹΃ΕͰ͸͹ ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪͪ Ͳͪ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͻͪ΂;͸͵͹ͻͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Β;ͺ͹ͯͻͰ
Ό;Β;ͳͷͳͽͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ
̸ͻ͸͹Ͷͯ͋͹Β͸ͫͳ;ͯͰͶ;́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͸ͪͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺͻͰͯ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ ͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͸ͪ ͽͰ
ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͰ͑ͽ͹ͼ;ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͬͰΕͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͳ ΒͰͻ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͺͪ
ͼ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͶͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͻ;΃ͳ 2 ͆ͪ͵͹͸ͻͪͼ͵͹ͶͪͳͶͳ̺ͰͶͳ͵Ͱ΃ͳͲͷͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͪ ͽͪͯͪͳͼͪͯͪ ͉ͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͪΒͰ͹ͯͷͪ΀͹ͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͪͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͲͪͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΔͰͺͻͪͬ͹
ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͉ͳͷ; ͽΒͺͪͺͳ͇ͬͪΒͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΒͰͯ͹ͫͳ͹ͳͷͰ;͸ͳΒͪͳͶͳ;͸ͳΒͪͽͼͽͬ͹͇ͯͽͪͯͪͼ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͫͳͶͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ;͸ͳΒͪͽͼ͵͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ͇ͬ;ͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΕͰͻͪͲͻͪͯͳͽͳ
ͳ͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͽͳͺͪͺͪ̈́ͪͬ9*** ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;Ͱ͸΁ͳ͵Ͷͳ͵;(SBEFNVOVT ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͭͻͪͯͳ͹ͯ͹ͽͪͯͪ
΃ΔͰͰ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽͰ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹Γ;ͳ͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂ͳ͹͵ͪ͹ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͰΕͺͻ͹ͬͰ
ͻͰ͸͹ ; ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ; ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β ͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹Β ΁ͻ͵ͬͳ ͯ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸Ͱ ͼ;
ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸; ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸͹ΒͰ
ͯͪ̀ͪͭͻͰͫͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪ͠;ͱ͸Ͱ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͰͯͪͼͰ̀ͪͭͻͰͫ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͽͪͯͪͫͳ͹ͬͪͻ͹΃ͳ΁ͪ

;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;;Ͳͯͳͭ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͯͫͳͼ͵;ͺͼ͵ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ;΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸
ͽͪͻͯͪͼͰ͸͹ͬͳͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ̀ͪͭͻͰͫ
ͷ͹ͻͪ͹΂ͳͼͽͳͽͳ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ
΂ͳͼͽͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳ ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ̀ͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͽ͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ;ͯͰͶ͹ͯ͹ͫͳ͹ΒͰ͠͹ͼͳͺ͠;ͻͪΒ͑ͽͻ͹
ͼͷͪΒͰͻ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͽͪΒ ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Βͪ ͺͻͰͽͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪ͹ͳ͠͹ͬͪ͸
̽;΂ͳΕ ͵͹Βͳ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͯͪͼͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳ͹ͯͫͳΒ;͹͉ͯ;ͼͳΒͰ ͺͪΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷ
ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳͲͷͰͻͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ΒͰ́Ͷͳͻͼ͵ͳͲͪͬ͹ͯ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭ͠Ͱͻ͹͸ͳͷͪ;͉ͳͷ; ̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪͲ͇ͪͻͳ
ΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͊ͬͣͳͻͳͶ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹ͯͳΒͰ ͳͽͯ ̽;΂ͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͳΒͰͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͹ ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͳ΀͸ͳΒͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶ͹;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͷͪ͌ͬͰ͵ͼ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ
ͼͬ͹Β Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͼͬͰͭͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ ̺Ͱ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ;͸ͪͲͪͯ ͼͬͳͷ ͼͳͶͪͷͪ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͽͪΒͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯ;͈͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͶͳͼ;ͽ͹;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲ͸ͳͷͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͷͪ ͺͻͳͷͰ
ΔͳͬͪͶͳͼ;ͼͳͶ; ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳͼͰͺͻͰͬͪͻͪͷͪ ͫͰͲ͹΂͸͹ͶͪͭͪͶͳ ͬͪͻͪͶͳ ͺ͹ͽ͵;ͺΓͳͬͪͶͳͪͶͳ;ͬͰ͵͸Ͱ;ͼ
ͺͰ΀͹ͷͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͶͳ͆ͳͼ;ͳ΀Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͼͰͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ
ͬͰ͵ͪ ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͼͰ΂ͪͼ͸ͳͳ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳΓ;ͯͳͳͲͰͷΓͰ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬΓͪͶͳ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͻͪͽͪ ͹͸ͳͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪ΀;͵
ͽͪͬͪͶͳ ; ͼͬ͹ͷͰ ͲͶ; ̽͹͵ ͼ; Γ;ͯͳ ͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪͶͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͼͰ ͽͻ;ͯͳ͹ ͯͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪͲͪͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͪͷ ͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͰ͵͸;̻͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪ ͯͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁;ͻͪͼ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;Ͳͪ
;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͻͪͲͻͪͯͳ͹ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ͏̸́ ̸ͶͰ͸̽ͪͶͰͼ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͼͺͻͪ
ͬ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͯͪͼͰ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳͻͪͽ͹ͷ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͫͰͯͳͽͳͬͰΕͯͪͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳͽͳͯͻ;ͭ;ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;͌
ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͪͅͻ͵;ͲͰ͹ͬ͹ͷͳͯͰΒ͹ͷͻ;΃ͰΔͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͳͲ͸;ͽͻͪ ̸ͶͰ͸̽ͪͶͪͼͺͻͰͯͶͪͱͰ
t͉ͪͽΒͰͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ ͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ΕͰͷ͹ͼͬͰͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͽͳ ͳͷͳΕͰͷ͹ͯͪͽͳͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ͳͷͪͷ͹ ͼͬ͹ͲͶͪͽ͹ ͼͬ;
ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸; ͷ͹Ε ͸ͪ ͷͪͭͪͻ΂ͰΔͰ ͳ ͲͪͶ;ΌͳͬͪΔͰ Γ;ͯͳ ͐͹ͬͰ΂ͳΒͳ ͷ͹Ͳͪ͵ ͼͬͰͼͽ Γ;ͯͳ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ ͼ;
2
̽ͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ;͵ΔͳͲͳ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ** ̸ͻ͸͹Ͷͯͪ͋͹Β͸ͫͳΒͪ

ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷ͈ͪ͹ͼͰΒͰͷ͹Ͷͳͽͪͷ͹΀ͪ͹ͼ ͷͳΕͰͷ͹͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ͯͪͳͷͺ͹ͯͷͰͽ͸Ͱͷ͹Ͷͪͱ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
ͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪͽͳ ͳ΀ ͯͪ ͽͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͅͳ ΕͰͷ͹ ͸ͪΕͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵Ͱ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͪͅͶ͹ͺ͹ͷͪͶ͹ ͷͳΕͰͷ͹͹ͯͳͭͻͪͽͳͭͻͪ͸ͯͳ͹Ͳ͸;ͺ͹
ͼͬ͹ͷ ͹ͫͳͷ; ͽͻͪͭͰͯͳΒ; ͺ͹ͭͳͫͳΒͰ ͼͬͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ ͳ ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͸͹ ΕͰͷ͹
;ͭͪͼͳͽͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͼͬͰͼͽ ̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͳ͹ͼ͵͹ͺ ͳ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰ ΕͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͽͳ
͸ͪΒ͸ͳͱͪ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͅͳ ΕͰͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͽͳ ͹͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ͫ;ͯ; ;ͼͪΌͳͬͪͶͳ ;
΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ ͼͰ͵ͼͪ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͼͪͯͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͳͲͯͪΒͰ – ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͻͰ΂Β; ͼͬͪ͵Ͱ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͌
;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷ ͷͳΕͰͷ͹ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͽͳ΀ͪ͹ͼͳ͸ͰͻͰͯ͆ͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ ͸͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸͹
ͺ͹ͷͪͭͪͽͳ ͯͰͼͺ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ ΂ͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳΒͰͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͐Ͱͼͽͳͽ͹ͼͽ ͳ ͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͫͳΕͰͳͼͷͰͬͪ͸ͳ ͸ͳ͵͹ͷͰ͸ͰΕͰ ͫͳͽͳ͸;ͱ͸ͳͳͫͳΕͰͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ̻ͻ;ͫ͹ͼͽͳͳ
͸ͪͭͶ͹ͼͽ Ͷͪͱ ͳ ͹ͫͷͪ͸ͪ ͺͳΒͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͸ͪͻ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͳͲͯͪΒ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ΃͹ͬͳ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹
ͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ– ͼͬͰΕͰͷ͹ͽ͹͵;Ͷͽͳͬͳͼͪͽͳ;ͼͬͰͼͽΓ;ͯͳ́ͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹Β ͬͰ͹ͷͪͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹ΒΓ;ͯͳΕͰ
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͻͪͯͳ̸Ͷͳ ͽͪ͵ͬͰΕͰͷ͹Γ;ͯͰͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ;ͫͰͼͺ͹ͷ͹Εͪ͸ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ ͳͼͷͰͬͪͽͳͼͰͼͪ
Δͳͷͪ ͹͵ͶͰͬͰͽͪͽͳ ͳ΀ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͽͳ ͳ΀ ͹ͽͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͅͳ ΕͰͷ͹ ͻ;΃ͳͽͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬ;ͶͭͪͻͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͳ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪͽͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͆ͪ ͽͪ͵ͪͬ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ΕͰͷ͹
ͻͪͼ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽͳͺ͹͵͹ΓͰΔͰͲͪ ͺ͹͵͹ΓͰΔͰͷ Ͷ͹ͬͳΕͰͷ͹Γ;ͯͰ ;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;ͳͷͶͪͯͪͶͪ΂͵͹ͷͯ͹ͫ; ;ͬͰ͵
ΕͰͷ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸;ͼͽͪͬ͵;ͯͪͫͪ΁ͪͷ͹͸ͪ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸; ͯͰͷ͹ͻͪͶͳͼͪͽͳ ͻͪͲͬͻͪ΃Εͳͬͪͽͳͳ͹ͫͰ΃΂ͪ΃ΕͳͬͪͽͳΒͰ
̾ͽ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ΕͰͷ͹ͷͳͽ͹ͯͪ;ͻͪͯͳͷ͹i ͺͻͰͷͪ̈́Ͱ͵ͳΕ

͈͹ͼͰͫͪ͸;ͯͪͻ͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͸͉ͪ;ͼͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͬͰΕ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸;ͲͰͷΓ; t͋ͻͰ
Εͳ͉ͳͷi ΒͰͼͽͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͈ͪͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ ;ͼͬ͹Β;͸ͪΒ
ͬͰΕ;͵ͻͳͲ;;΃Ͷ͹ͼ͇ͪ͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱt͋ͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͲͯͻͷͪͶͪͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͰͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͺ͹΂ͳͬͪͶ͹ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ͌ͳͷͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ
͸͹ͳͲ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͷͳͶͳͽͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ ;ͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰͳ
ͺ;ͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͽͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͻ;΃ͳͶͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͬͰͽ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪͳͻͪͼͶͪͻ;ͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ
΁ͻ͵ͬͪi ̹͹ͭͯͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇͇͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻͼ͵͹ΒͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͳ;͉;ͼͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͷ͸͹ͭͰ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹
ͬͰͻͲͰ̓Γ;΂͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕͰΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͶͳΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;ͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹ͭ
̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͯͪͼͰͺ;ͽͰͷͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͲͪͼͬͪͭͯͪ;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͺͻͪͬ͹
ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͳͶͳΒͰͽͪΒͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸͹ ͳͲ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͺ͹ͫ;ͯͪ;ͼͪͷ͹Β͉;ͼͳΒͳ
͉Ͱͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͳͼͪͷͳͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͼͽͳ;΂ͳͶͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ; Ͳͫ͹ͭͽͰ΃͵ͳ΀ͳ͸Ͱͼ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͲͰͷΓͪ ͸ͪͲͪͯ;ΒͰ Γ;ͯͳ ͱͳͬͰ ; ͫͰͯͳ ͼͬ;ͯͪ ͬͶͪͯͪ ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͪ – ͹͸ͯͪ ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ
ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ̸ͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͪͯͪͫͳͶ͹;͉;ͼͳΒͳ ̀ͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱ΁ͪͻͪ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒͪ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
͉͹ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͉;ͼͳΒͰ;ͬͰΕͪͶ͹ͼͰͼͪ͸ͪͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪΓ;ͯͳ̻͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳͯ͹΀͹ͯͪ͵ͫͳ͹ΒͰͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͲͶͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͻ;ͫͪΓͪ ͪΒͰͫͳ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͲͶͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͻ;ͫͪΓͪ
̀Ͷͪͽ͸Ͱ ͻͰͲͰͻͬͰ ͼ; ͺ͹ͻͪͼͶͰ ͼͪ ͸ͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ ͉͹ͯ ͺ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ΒͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹
ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͽ͹͸ͪ ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ– ͷͳͶͳ͹͸͈ͪͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪͫͪ͵ͻͪΒͰͺ͹ͻͪͼͶͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹͇ͯ
ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸͹ΒͰ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪͺͻ;ͭͰ͐ͪ͵ΒͰͳ̈́ͰΔͳ͸ͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͯͪΒͰ͉;ͼͳ
Βͪͼ͵ͻͪΒͪ9*9ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪͳͷͪͶͪ͸ͪΒͫͻͱ;ͼͽ͹ͺ;ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ; ̽ͳͷͳͽͻͳ
ΒͰͬͳΕ

͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͲͪͺͪͱͪΔͰͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͳ͆ͳ͵ͳͽͪͅͳ΀ͪͶ͵͹ͬ ͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰ͉;ͼͳΒͪͺͻͰ͇͵ͽ͹
ͫͪͻͼ͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͶͰͽ; ͵ͪ͵͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵
ͯͪͼ;;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽ; ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͈Ͱͽͻͪ͊ͽ͹Ͷͳͺͳ͸ͪ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͺ͹ͼͶͪͶͳ
;͉;ͼͳΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͰͯͪͬͳͯͰ΃ͽͪͼͰͽ͹ͽͪͷ͹ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪΒͰͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΃ͽͪͻͪͯͳ͊ͽ͹Ͷͳ
ͺͳ͸́ͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͼͰͬͻͪͽͳͶͳͳͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͶͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͯͪΕͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷͬͰ͵͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͪͫͳͽͳ͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ; ͼͪ͸ͪΒΒͪ΂͹ͷͬͪͶ;ͽ͹ͷ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͳͫͻ͹ΒͪΕͰͺ͹ͶͪͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰΓ;ͯͳ– ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸ͪͼͳͶͪͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳͷͪ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͰΕͰͷ͹ΕͳͯͪͼͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͳ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͲͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ͊ͽ͹
Ͷͳͺͳ͸ΒͰ;ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͯͰͼͳͶͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ͵ͻͬͪͬͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ ͪ;ͫͻͲ͹Ͳͪͽͳͷͳ͵ͻͬͪͬͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ́
ͼͪͯͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹̽͹ͫͻ͹ͼ;ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪ͸ͳͳ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳ;΀Ͷͪͯ
͸ͳͷ;ͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ͆Ͱͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͽͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͯͪ ΒͰͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͅͳͼͷ͹ ͽ͹ͳͷͪͶͳ ;
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͳͷͪͼͪͯͪ ͳ͸ͰͯͪΒ̹͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͽ͹ͯͰͼͳ͉;ͼͳΒͳ ͅͳ΀ͪͶ͵͹ͬ

͇ͽ͹ͷͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͪͶͳͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ͆Ͱ;ͶͪͲͰΕͳͯ;ͫΓͰ
;͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͷ͹ͼͽ̸ͪͬͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͻͪ̀ͳ͸͹ͬΒͰͬͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵͹ͱͳͳͼ͵;ͼͳ͹tͫͶͪͭ͹ͯͰͽi
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ;͉;ͼͳΒͳ ͪͶͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͳͼͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͰͯͪͼͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͶͳ΁;ͷͰͼͽͪͼͪ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͯͪ͹ΔͳͷͪͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͷͪ ͳͲ͸ͰͼͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͼ;ͯ:
t̓ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹Ϳ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͰΒͰͱͰΓͰ͸ͪͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ;͋͹͵ͪͱͰͷ ΒͰͻͼͪͷͳͼͪͷͫͳ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹
ͬͻͰͷͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͐ͳͽͪ͹ͼͪͷͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͹;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͺ͹ͯͬͳͯ͹ͷ
ͫ͹ͻͫͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΒͰͯ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͶͪͼͷͻͽ͉;ͼͳΒͰ̸Ͷͳͽ͹ͷͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͸͹
΃Γͳͬ͹ͯͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͱͳͬͳͷ;ͼͬͰͽ;͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;ͷ͹Β;ͲͰͷΓ;ͳͷ͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯ̀ͪͺͪͯ
͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͲͪͷͰ͸Ͱ ͹͸ΒͰ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵ͪͼͳͶ͈ͪͻͳͷͰͻ͉͊͊͊ΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͷͳͶͳ͹
͸ͪ Γ;ͯͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ ͻ;΃ͰΔͪ ͫ͹ͻͰΕͳ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͸ͪ΁ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ̀ͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͭ
ͻͪͽͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ͫͰͲ ͫ͹ͷͫͳ ͳ ͽ͹ͺ͹ͬͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ ͭ;ͫͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪ ͼͬͳͷ ͺ͹Γͳͷͪ ͼ; ͫͳͶͳ ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ ͬͰΕͳ
̿ͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͬͰ͵͉;ͼͪͺͪ͹ΒͰͲͪͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;ͽ͹͵;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͊ͷͻͽ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͯͷͪ΃;ΒͰ
͸ͪͽͪͶͳͽͰͽ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹ͿͪͶ͸͹̽ͬͪͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯͰ΁Ͱ͸Ͱͼͺͪͬͪ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͵;Εͪͷ͈ͪͰͽͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯͰ΁Ͱ΃͵͹Ͷ
ͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪ͸ͰͳͯͰ;΃͵͹ͶͰ́ͷͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͵͹ͷͪ͸̸ͪͶ͵͹΀͹ͶͳͲͪͷΒͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͊Ͱͯͪͷ
ͯͰͼͰͽͺ͹ͼͽ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ΒͰ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹Ͳͪͬ͹Β͸;ͼͶ;ͱͫ;Ͳͫ͹ͭΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͪΔ͇ͪͬ͹ͼ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͼ
ͻͰͯ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ;΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͷͻͪͽ; ͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͺͪͯͪΔͰͷͺ͹ͯͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
̸͵͹ͼͰ͹ͬͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͽͰͲͰͷΓͰΕͰͫͻͲ͹ͺͪͼͽͳͼͪͼͽ͹ͺͰͯͰͼͰͽ͸ͪͼͽ͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ ͪ
Ͳͪͽͳͷ͸ͪͺͰͯͰͼͰͽͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻͳͲͪͷͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΕͳΕͰͼͬͰ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͳ
ͼ;ͷ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͳͶͳi ̀ͳ͸͹ͬΒͰͬ ͼͽͻ

̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͲͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͹ͯ̀ͫͳͭΔͰ̹ͬͪͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͯ͹͎Ͱ͸ͻͳΒͪ̓ͳͼͳ͸ΘͰͻͪ ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͼ; ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͶͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͰͷ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ͸ͳͼ;ͼͺ͹Βͳͬͳ ΒͰͻΒͰ΁ͳΓͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͼͺͪͼͰΔͰͯ;΃ͪ;͎ͻͳͼͽ; ͪͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰ΁ͪͻͼͽ̸ͬͪ͸ͽͳ΀ͻͳͼͽ̺ͪͪͶͰͻͳΒ͍ͳͶͳͷ͹͸͹ͬΒͰͺͻͳͻͰͯͳ͹ͳ͵Δͳͭ;;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ
͹ͫΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ͹ ͸ͳͲͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͪͻ΀ͳͺͪͼͽͳͻͪ ͺͪͼͽͳͻͪͳͷ͹͸ͪ΀ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͌ͽ͹Β͵ΔͳͲͳ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;
ͼͰͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͽ͹ͼ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ
΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͸͹ͭ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͲͪΓ;ͯͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͵͹ͯͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰΓ;ͯͳ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪΔͪΓ;ͯͳ
͵͹Βͪ
ͼͰͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͱͳͭͪ͊͹ͽ͹͸Ͱ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ;ͻͰͺ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ

ͷͪ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͼͽͪͺͪΔͰͬͰͻͪ;ΒͰͯ͸;͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓͳͷͪ͹͵;ͶͽͳͲͷͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͬͶͪͯͰ ͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ ͸͹ͬ΁ͪͼͽͪͺͪΔͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͼͪ;ΒͰͯ͸;͸͹ͬͳ ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
ͺͻͰͷ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͳͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ; ͵͹ΒͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͲͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͰͷ
͍ͳͶͳͷ͹͸͹ͬͺͻͰͷ̻ͪͪͬͻͳΕ

͊ͷͳΓ̸ͪͬͻͪͷ͹ͬ;͵ΔͳͲͳ͋ͻͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪͳͶͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͽͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͪ Ͳͪ
͵͹Β;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͵ͪ͵ͪͱͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ͵ͪ͹ͺͶ͹ͯͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͫͳͷ͸ͰͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ͹ͽ͹Β͹ͻͭͪ
͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ;͢;Β͹ͻ͵; ͪͶͳͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͼͪ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ͋ͻͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶͰ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪ
ΒͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;̸͊̽ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱͳ ̺ͪͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺΓͰ͸ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ;ͽͪ΂ͪ͵ͪ ͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ
ͽͪ΂ͪ͵ͪΒͰͽ͹ͽͪͶ͸͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰͫͳͽͪ͸΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͷͰͽΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͰͫͪͭͪ;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͽͳͳͳͲͫͪ΁ͳ
ͽͳͳͲͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ;͌ͽ;ͼͬͻ΀;ΒͰͳͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͺͶͪ͸ͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬͳΒͰͳͼͪͽͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬͪ΁ͪ
ͪ͵͹͸ͪ΂ͪ͸΁ͳΓΒͰͼͽͰͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͳͿͰͯͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ
ͯͪ΃ΔͰ͉ͭ͊͊͊ͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͷͰΌ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͼͳͶͪͷ͈ͪͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻ͇Ͷͭͪ͐ͰͽͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͪͼͪͷ͹ͼ
͵͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪẗ́͹ͷ͹͸͹ͼ͹ͬi͹t͸ͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳiͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰ
ͽ͵;͵ͪͱͰt͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰΒͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͳͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͺ;ͽ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ
͸͹ͭͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͪ͵͹΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ΒͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ
ͯͪͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͬͳ΃Ͱͷͽͻͪ͸ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͯͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͯͰͪͶ; ́ͼͽͳ͸ͳ͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͲͪͯͪΒͰͺͻͪͬ΁Ͱ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͳ
ͽͻͪͱͳ ͹ͯ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸͹ ͻͪͯͳ ͸ͪ ͼͰͫͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͳ͹ ͬͰ΂͸͹Β ́ͼͽͳ͸ͳi ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶ
PEOBLPPSH
͉ͪͯͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ Γ;ͯͳͯͪ Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰtͫͰͲͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳi͸͹ͬͳ
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ΃ͳͻͳͼͰͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͹͵;ͶͽͳͲͪͷͳͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸͹ͬͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ
̸͵͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͷ͹tͲ͸ͪ͵͹ͬͰͺ͹ͻͰͯͺ;ͽͪi͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽͳ΂;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ
Γ; 3 Βͪͼ͸͹ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͬͳͯͰͽͳͯͪ͸͹ͬͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ͳ̾͌ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͯͰ͹͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ ͳͷͪΒ;
ͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͳ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ Ͱͽ͸͹΁ͳͯ ͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ
ͺͻͰͷ͉ͪ;ͼͳͷͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ
̽͹͵ͪͲͪͲͪ͹ͬ;͸ͪͺͻͬͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͺͻͰΒͪ͵;͵͹͸
ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͷͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹̀͹ͻͪ͸ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ;΂Ͷͪ͸͵;t͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͰͽ͸͹΁ͳͯi ͼͽͻ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͻͪͯͬͪͯ͹͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹͹ͯͬͪΒͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͹ͯͷͪͽͳ΁ͰͳͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͇ͯ ͊ͻͫͪ ΒͰ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵ͪ ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵ͪ ͪ
ͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͲͰͶͳͽͳͲͷ͹ͷ͉ͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵Ͱ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͊Ͷͪͬ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱͳ̽ͪͶ
ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ ͪ͹͉ͯ;ͼͪ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸΁ͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͪͅͶ͹ͻ;ͼͳ
ͳ̹ͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼͳ ͼͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷͯͪͼͰͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͯͪΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΔͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ;ͯ͹ͫͳͶ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷ;ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͼͽͳi
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͭ;ͫΓͰΔͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ͯͻͳ
΁ͪΔͰ͹ͯͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳ;ͯͪΓͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͯͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͬͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ͌͵ͻͪͽ͵͹
͹͸͹΃ͽ͹΂Ͱͼͽ͹;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͬͻͰͷͰͳ͹ͯ ͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪiͳͲͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͪͶͳͳ͹ͯͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ
ͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ͵ͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹΂;ΒͰͷ͹;͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͬͰͼͽͳi͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸ͪΒͰ
ͼͪͼͬͳͷΒͪͼ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͳ΁ͪΔͰ͹ͯͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳͳΔͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱͳͭ;ͫΓͰΔͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͼͰͫͳͻͪ
3
͠Ͱͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ; ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ ͹ͬ͹Β ͽͰͲͳ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͳ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ̾͌ ͸ͪ ͯͬͪ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ
ͺ͹͸ͰͶͪͺͻͰͷ̻ͪͻ΂͵͹Βͳ̓ͳͺͻ; ͪ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺͻͰͷͪ́ͽͪͶͳΒͳͳ͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͳ ͳͪ͵͹ͼ;ͫͳͶͰ;ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪ͆ͰͶͰͱͳͶͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͼ;̻ͻ΂͵ͪͳ̓ͳͺͪͻͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ ͪ́ͽͪͶͳΒͪͳ
͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ

ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ́Ͳͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͷ
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵͹ͷ ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽ t͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͶͪͭͪΔͰͷi ͼͺ͹ΓͪͳͳͲ͸;ͽͻͪ
ͳͷͪͲͪ΁ͳΓͯͪ͸ͪͷ
tͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͼͬͰͼͽi͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͼͪͷͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ;͵ͪ͵ͬ͹Βͼͷ͹ͲͪͫͶ;ͯͳͱͳͬͰͶͳͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹tͲͪ͹ͼͽͪ
ͶͳiͳͲͪt͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪiͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͬͰͼͽͳ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ̾͌
ͿͰͷͳͲͪͷͲͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹
;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͰ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ͹͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͲͪͽͳͻͪΔͪͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͳͷ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͳ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;͸͹ͬ͹ͭͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹
ͼͶ͹ͱͳͽͳͼͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ̀͹ͻͪ͸ͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪ ͵͹Βͳ;͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ;ͫΓ;ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ
͸; ͪ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ ͸ͪ ͉;ͼͳΒ; ͳ ͼͽ͹ͭͪ ͵ͪͱͰ t͈͹͸ͳͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͊ͻͫͪ Ͳͪ ͵ͻͪΒΔͳ΁ͳΓͳͷͪ ͱͰΓ; ͯͪ
ͺ͹͵ͪͱͰͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳͷͪͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͹͵ͻͰΕ;͉;ͼͳΒͳ ΒͰͻͳ΀͹͸ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͽͳ͈ͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹Β
Ͷ͹ͭͳ΁ͳ ͺͻͪͬͪͪͯͻͰͼͪͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ΒͰͼ;̸͇͆͋ͳ̀ͪͺͪͯi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͰͫ͸; ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ Ͱ͵;ͷͰ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͊ͳͶͰ ͪ͸ͽͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͰΕ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͯͻͶͰͷͰΌ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͠͹΃͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳ͸ͰͼͻͰΕ͸͹ͭtͼͬͰ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͹ͭ ͵͹͸ͭͻͰͼͪi ; ͏ͪͻͳͭͻͪͯ; ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͼͪͲͬͪ͹ ͬͪͼͰΓͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ – ͷͪͼ͹͸ ͅͰͶͰͽͳΒͰ
ͅͰͽͪ͵ͼͪ͵ͳͼ
ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭͺͻͰͯͪΔͪ ͽͻͪΒͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͼͰ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͏ͻ͵ͬͰ͹ͯ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ͌ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͺͪͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͶͰ͸ͯͪͻͪ;ͫ͹ͭ͹ͼͶ;ͱͰΔͰͻͪͲͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ΂͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ Ͱ͵;ͷͰ͸ͳͲͪͷ tͫͰͲ ͹ͫͪͶͪi ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͪ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͰͻΒͪ ͳ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ΒͰͻͰͼͳ ͻͪͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ ͺͻͰͯͪΔͼ͵͹ͭ ͫ͹ͭ͹ͼͶ;ͱͰΔͪ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͪ ΒͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β ͺ͹ͷͰͽΔͳw ̸ ͵͹
ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͪ΁ͰͶͰͺͻͳ΂Ͱ Ͳ͸ͪͼͰͬ͹ΌFͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͉͹͵ͿͰͶͰͻͪ4.
̽ͪ ΒͰ Ͱ͵;ͷͰ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ ͬͳͯͰͶ͹ ͼͰ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼ;
Ͱ͵;ͷͰ͸ͳͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸͹ͷͼͪ΁ͪͻͳͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͰͼͽ͹Ͷͪ͹ͽͰͻͪͶͳͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ͪͪͅ͵ͼͳͷͪ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͼͳͷͺͪͽͳΒͪͲ͉ͪ;ͼ͵;΁ͻ͵ͬ;ͳΔͰ͸ͪ͸ͽͳͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͼ͵;ͺͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ͸Ͳͪ;ͅ͹ͼ
͵ͬͳ͋ͪͯͪΒͰ;͍ͪ͸ͪͻͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͻ΀ͳͰ͵;ͷͰ͸ͳͼͽͪͳͲ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ ̸ͽͳ͸ͪͭ͹ͻͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹
ͼ͵ͳ͸;͹ͪ͸ͪͽͰͷ;ͼͺͪͺͼͽͬͪ ͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͯͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ ͺ͹ͬͰͯͰ; ;͸ͳΒ; ͼ ͺ͹͸ͽͳͿͰ͵ͼ͹ͷ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͵͹͸΁ͳͶͪ
͈ͪͬͶ͹ͷ͑Ͱͼͽͳͷ5.
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷͼͪͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ;΂ͳΒͰͷͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͳͯͰΒͪ;͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪͺ͹ͯ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ́ͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͻͰͪͶ͸; ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ͸ͪ ΃ͽͪ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪ ͳ
̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͯͪͻ͈ͪ͸ͪͻͳ͸ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͼͬ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͰͯ;t̸ͭͰ͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪi
Ͳͪͺͳͼͪ͹ t͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͳͼͬͰͽ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹͹ͫͰΕͪ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸͹ͭ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͷ;ͼͪ
ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸Ͱ;ͷͳͽ͸͹ͼͻΓͪ;͸͹ͬͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ̽͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͻ
͸͹ͼͽ;͵͹Β͹Β̸͊̽ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷ͸ͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͸Ͱ;ͼ͵ͶͪͯͳͬͪΒͰͼͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀
ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͷͪͭͯͰͼͰ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͰ͈͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͸ͽͪͱͪͽͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͰ͹
ͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͪͽͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪi ͈ͪ͸ͪͻͳ͸

4
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttp://borbazaveru.info/content/WJFX
5
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttp://borbazaveru.info/content/WJFX

̸̸̓̀̓͌͐̓͌͡–̸̸̸̸̸̹͇͈͉̺͇̺͇͌̽͌ͣ͆͊͋͊̈́̓̾́͡͠ͅ
́ͪ͵͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͬͪ͵͹ ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΔͰͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͻͳͲͳ΂͸͹ ͈ͪͬͶͰͅ͹ΒͲͰͼͳͼͽͳ
΂Ͱͯͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͬͰͻͪͳͷͪͳͲͬͰͼ͸;ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ; ͯͪͼ;ͳͲͭͶͰͯͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹ͬ͹Γ
͸ͳ ; ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͽ͹ ͽͰͷͰΓͳ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͼ;ͷͻͪ͵; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͯΔ͹ͷͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͼͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͳ
ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ ͵ͶͳͷͪͲͪ͹ͫ͸͹ͬ; ΂ͪ͵ͺͻ͹΁ͬͪͽ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ͌̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͺͪͳ ͼͬͰͽ;
͵͹Βͪ ͼͰͼͪͯͪ ͻͪΌͪ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͬͳ΃Ͱͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͸ͪ́ͼͽ͹͵– ͬͰΕ͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹͈͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͰͯͪΒͰͺͻͪ
ͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹͸ͪΒͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳΒͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪͼͳͶͪ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;Εͳͷͷ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ
ͺͻͰͷͯͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͺ͹ͯͬͻͭ͸;ͽ͹ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹Β ͻͰͺͻͰͼͳΒͳ ͳ ͼͪͼͰ΁ͪ͸͹ ͯ͹ ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ͈͹ͽ͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ
ͺͻ;ͱͪͼͬͰͽ;ͬͰͲ;ͼͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ ΒͰͻΒͰͳͼͪͷ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬ;ͶͰͺ͹ͽ; ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳ
Ͳͪͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ΃ͳͻͳͶͰͼ;ͺͻͰͼͬͳ΀̺ͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͪͳ͉;ͼͳΒ͇ͪ͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻͼ͵ͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ͸ͰͶͪ
ΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵;͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͯ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ; ͪͶͳͷ;ΒͰ ͸ͰͱͰͶͰΕͳͽ͹ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ;ͼͶ;ͭ;΃ͳͻͰΕͳͭͪͼͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ
͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ̀ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͪ͠ͺͪ͸; ̸Ϳͻͳ΁ͳ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΁ͳͳ̸;ͼͽͻͪͶͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͰͺͪͻ΀ͳΒͰͳ
ͺͪͻ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ΒͰ ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳ͸;ͽ͹ ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ ΒͰͬͪ͸ΌͰͶͼ͵Ͱ ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͏ͻ͵ͬͰ ͎ͻͳͼͽ͹ͬͰ ͸ͪ
́ͼͽ͹͵; ͪͶͳ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͬͰΕ ͳ ͸ͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ; ͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͺ;ͽ;ΒͰ – ͫͰͲ ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ ͪͶͳ
ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ ͺͻͰͷͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ; ͱͰͶͰΕͳ ͯͪ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰΔͰ ͹ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͬͰͻͽͳ͵ͪͶͳ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;
΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽͪͶ;͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͬͰͻͪͳͯͪΓͰΕͰͺͻ;ͱͪͽͳͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͳͷͪΓ;ͯͳΓ;ͫͪͬ
ͳͷͳͻ ͼͻͰΕ;ͳͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ; ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͽͳ͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰͼͷͳͼͶͪͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͱͳͬΓͰΔͪͳͯͪͬͪͽͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ
ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͇͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳ ; ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹ͯͳ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ ͸ͪ
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰͭͽͳͺͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͸ͪ
ͳͼͽͻͪΒ͸͹t͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͭ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ; ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹Βͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͅ͹ΒͲͰͼ ͼͽͻ–

̹;ͯ;ΕͳͬͰ͵ͳͷͪͺͻͰͯͳͼͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͬͰ͵ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹ͿͰ ͪͶͳͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰ
ͬͰ͵͏ͻ͵ͬͰ ΂͹ͬͰ΂͸ͳΒͳͳ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͑ͽͪΕͰͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿ͹ͬͪͽͳ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰͲͪͬͳͼͳ ͳͲͷͰ
Ό;͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͳ͹ͯͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰΔͪͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–

͆ͪͽͻͪͭ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͳͷͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪͷ͹;ͬͰͻͰΔͰͯͪΒͰͼͺͪͼͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ͹ͯ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͪ
ͷ;ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͺͻͰͽͳͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ;ͼͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ;ͳͼͬͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ;́ͯͰΒͪͼͬͰ΂͹
ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳͷͪͽͻͪΒ͸Ͱͳͯ;ͫ͹͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͊ͽͪͻͳΒͳͺͪͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͉ͳͷΒͰͺͻͬͳͳͲͪ΃ͪ͹ͼͳͯͰ
Β͹ͷ͹;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔ;Γ;ͯͳ;ͼͬͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵;ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒ; ͳͯͰΒ͹ͷ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ͋;ΒͰ
ͳͯͰΒ;ͺͻͰ;ͲͰ͹ͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͯͪΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳͲͪͷ͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͽ͹ΒͳͯͰΒͳ ͼͽ͹Βͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔ; Γ;ͯͳ͋ͪ ͳͯͰΒͪ ͼͰ ͽͰͷͰΓͳ͸ͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔ;
Γ;ͯͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͆ͰͫͰͼ͵͹ͭ ͇΁ͪ ͳ ͫͻͪΕͰ ͷͰΌ; ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ ͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͽ͹ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͼ;Ͱͬͪ͸ΌͰͶͼ͵ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͳͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳͲͷ;ͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ;ΒͰͼͽͰͳͯͰΒͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͪ;
͎ͻͳͼͽ;̸Ͷͳ ͻͪͯͳͼͰ͹ͯͬͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͪͳͯͰͪͶͪ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ͺͻͬͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵
͵ͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔ; ͼͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ;
ΒͰͼͽͰ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰ ; ͎ͻͳͼͽ; ͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ
͵͹ͻͪ͵ ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͺͻͬ͹ͭ ΒͰͼͽͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹;ͼͬͰͽ;͉ͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪͳͯͰΒͪ
ͼͰͽͰͷͰΓͳ͸ͪͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͷ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹ͼͺͪΒͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂ͬͻͼͽͳͷΒͰͯͳ͸ͼ
ͽͬ͹ͷ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͷ͹͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒͰ ͺͪͽͰ͵͹͸ͯͪͼͶͰͯͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͯͬ͹Όͼͽͬ͹ͷͺͪͺͰ͵ͪ͹

ͬͶͪͯͪͻͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ͊ͬ͹Β;ͽͰͲ;͹ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔ;Γ;ͯͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͳͭͻͪͯͳ͸ͪ
ͳͯͰΒͳ ͯͪ ͼ; Γ;ͯͳ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ ͪ ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͫͳΕͪ ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸Ͱ ͳ
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͭͫͳΕͪ͸ͰͷͪΒ;;ͼͰͫͳ͸ͳ΂ͰͭͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ΒͰͻͼ;Γ;ͯͳ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͶͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͪͫͳΕͪ́Ͳ͹ͬͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼͰ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰΓ;ͯͳ
͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͳ͸ͰͼͷͰͬͻ΃ͳͽͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͬͰΕͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹͸ͪͯͪ΀͸;ͽ͹ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͪ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳ;ͫͰͯΓͳͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ͹͹ͽ͹ΒͳͯͰΒͳ͵ͪ͹
̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͫ͹ͭ;͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͷ;͆ͳ΂Ͱ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹Βͷ;t͸ͪͽ΂͹ͬͰ͵i ̽͹ͼͽ͹
ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͼͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹Ͳͯͻͪͬ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͳͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͼͬͰ
΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹́ͷͪΒ;ΕͳͺͻͰͯͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͼͶͳ͵;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ΂ͳͽͪͬͰ
;ͽ͹͸;ͶͰ;ͭͻͰ΀ ;ͼ;ͻ͹ͬͳͰͭ͹ͳͲͪͷͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͳͫͻͪ͸ͳͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͯͰͪͶͼͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
͊ͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹͵ͪ͹͵ͻͪΒΔͳ΁ͳΓΓ;ͯͼ͵ͰͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͳ͸ͽͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹ΒͪͷͲͪΒͰͯ
͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͼͬͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͐͹ͬͰ͵; ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͼͬͳ΀ͯ;΃ͪ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Β̽;΃ͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;͵͹Β͹Βͼͬͪ͵ͳ
΂͹ͬͰ͵ͷͳͼͶͳͲͪͼͬͰ ͽ;ͭ;ΒͰͲͪͼͬͰͳͬ͹ͶͳͼͬͰΓ;ͯͰ͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͽͰͳͽͪ͵ͬͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ΂ͳ͸ͳͳ
΂ͳ͸ͳΕͰΓ;ͫͪͬ͊ͬͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͳͼͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹͸ͳΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺ͹͵ͻͬͳ ͻͪͼͳ ͬͰΕΒͰͯͳ͸
ͼͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͯ;΀; ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱͼͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͰͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͼͽͳͼͬͳ΀Γ;ͯͳͳͼͬͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬ
ͼ͵ͳ ; ͈ͳ΃΂Ͱͬ͹ͷ ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ͵; ͳͲͻͳ΂Ͱ ͷͳͼͪ͹ ͵͹Βͪ ͭͶͪͼͳ t͈ͻͪͬ; ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸; ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪ
ͼͶ;ͱͰΔͰ ͼͬͰͷ; ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ͇͸͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͺͻͰͯ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ ͊ͬͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͳͶͳ ͷͪΔͰ
ͱͳͬͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͲͪͼͰͫͰͳͻͪͯͳͼͰͫͰ ͪͷͳΕͰͷ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΕͰͷ͹ͼͬͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͼͶ;ͭͰ
ͻͪͯͳͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͺ͹ͷͳͻͰΔͪ́ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͪ͸ͪ΃ͪͼͻͪͷ͹ͽͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ;ͽ͹ͷͰΒͰ͸ͪ΃ͪͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͪ
ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͷ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔ;΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ̓͹΀͹ΕͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳͲ͸ͪͯͼͬͳΒ;;΁ͪͻͼͽͬ;̹͹ͱΒͰͷ
– ͸Ͱ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͼͶ;ͭͪͼͬͳͷͪi ̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͼͬͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ;ͳͼͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ;ͳͲͬͳͻͰͳͲΓ;ͫͪͬͳͳͱͻͽ
ͬͰ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹΂͹ͬͰ͵͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;ΒͰ;Γ;ͫͪͬͳ ͹͸͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;ΒͰͳ;ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͬͰͳͼͬͪ
͸ͪͲͰͷΓͳ͊ͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺͻͪͬͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͼͪͷ͹͵ͪͯͪΓ;ͫͳͳ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͰͳ
ͯͻ;ͭ͹;ͼͬͰͽ; ͵ͪͯͪͽ;ΌͰͭͻͰ΀Ͱ͹ͼͰΕͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͵ͪΒͰͼͰͲͪΔͳ΀ ̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹;ͽ͹ͷͰͳͬͳͯͳ
ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵; ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸; ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͳ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͼͬͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ͸;ͯͳ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͸͹ͬ͹ ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ ͽͰ͵ͪͱͰt͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸͹ͿͳͶͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͪ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͬ͹Όͼͽͬ͹ͷ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ
΂ͪͬͪͳͼͪͯͻͱͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͼͪͬͰͲͼͬͳ΀͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͬͰͻ;Β;ͯͪΕͰ͸ͪ΃ͪͬͰͶͳ͵͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͪ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀
͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪͻͰΕͳ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ;ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͬ͹Β;
͸͹ͬ;Ͳͯͻͪͬ;ͻͰ΂ ͻͰ΂͵͹Β;ͼͬͰͽΒ͹΃͸ͳΒͰ΂;͹i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

̺ͳͲͳ͹͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳΕͰͽͪͯͪΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒ;ͷ͸ͳΒͳ΀͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪͼ͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͫͳ̸ͲͳΒͪ;ͳͼ
ͽͳ͸;ͷ͹ͭͶͪ ͫͳͽͳͺͻͪͬͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ;ͳͯͰΒ; ̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͳ
ͯͪΓͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵ͳ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ;ͼͪͷ͹Β͉;ͼͳΒͳ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͽ͹ͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹;
͵ΔͳͲͳ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͪ–ͳͶͳ΃ͽ̹ͪ͹ͭ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰ͹͉ͯ;ͼͳΒͰ ;͵͹Β͹Βͭͻ;ͺͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ͹ͯͫͪ΁;ΒͰͷͳͽ͹
͉;ͼͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͰͶ͹Βͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͷͰΕ;tͰͬͻ͹ͺͰΒ΁ͳi
ͼ͸ͪͷͰͻ͹ͷͯͪ͵͹͉ͯ;ͼͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳͱͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͯͪΓͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ͽͰͲ;ͯͪΒͰ͉;ͼͳΒͪ͹ͼ͹
ͫͰ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀ͪͽ͹ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷͪͺ͹ͽ
ͻͰͫ;ͯͪͼͰͼͺͪΒͪ͸ͳͼͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͼͪͪͲͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹͹͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹

ͲͰͷΓͪ ͬͰΕͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ– ͻ;ͼ͵ͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵ͪ
ͼͪͲͯͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳ
Βͳͷͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ͹ͯ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͶͳ̸ͲͳΒͰi ̻ͻ;ͺͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͼͽͻ

͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͷͰΌ;ΔͳͷͪΒͰͼͽͰ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒͪ͠͵͹ͬΓͰͬͳ΂̽ͪ͸ͳͶͰͬͼ͵ͳ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳͷͳͼͶͳͶͪ΁
ͳͲ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͯͰΒͰ͹͸͹ͬ͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͳͳͲͶͪͱͰ;ͯͰͶ;͉;ͼͳΒͪͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ͉ͪͪͲͷͪͽ
ͻͪΒ;Εͳͺ͹Βͪͷ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͽͳͺ͹ͬͰ ̽ͪ͸ͳͶͰͬͼ͵ͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;
ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͷͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͹͸ͺͻͪͬͳͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳΒ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͱͳͬͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ ͯ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ
;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷͳ΀΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͪͳͼͽͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͬͪͱͰͳͲͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͪͱͳͬͰ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭͪ͹͸ͺͻ͹ͭ͸͹Ͳͳͻͪ͵ͻͪΒͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͪ
ͼͬͰͰͽͪͺͰͼͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͻ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͷͶͪͯ͹ͼͽ ͲͻͰͶ͹ͼͽͳͼͪͯͪΒͰ;΃Ͷͪ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔ;ͿͪͲ;t͋ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͪͼͬ͹Βͷͪ͵ͼͳͷ;ͷͳ͸Ͱͷͪͬͳ΃Ͱ΃ͽͪͯͪͯÄ ΒͰͻΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͪ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ;ͼ͸ͪͭ;ͳ͸Ͱͷͪ
ͬͳ΃ͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰͯͪͫͳͫͳͶͪͺͶ͹ͯ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ͊ͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͳͷͳͯͪΒͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͸ͪͼͪͷͻͽͳͳͯͪΒͰͬͰΕ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹͸ͪͪͺͪͻͪͽͳͷͪ͋Ͱ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͪͺͪͻͪͽ;ͻͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒͰ;ͱͳͬ͹
ͽ;͸ͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͱͳͬ͹ͫͳΕͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͼͽͪΔ; ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ;ͬͰͲͳͼͽͳͷͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹
͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͽͳΒ͹΃ΒͰͯ͸;ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ;ͼͫͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͷ͹ͷi ̽ͪ͸ͳͶͰͬͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ
͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͼͬͰͷ;
ͽ͹ͷͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹͵ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͳͯͰΒͪ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹΃ͽ͹̽ͪ͸ͳͶͰͬͼ͵ͳͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰ
͸͹ͬͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͽͳͺ͸ͳͷͪΔͰ͸ͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ
΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ;ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺ͹͸;ͯͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸͹ͬ͹ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͬ͹ΌͰ͸͉ͪ;ͼͳ
Β͹ͷ͋͹ΒͰͲͪͽ͹ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ̽ͪ͸ͳͶͰͬͼ͵ͳ ΃ͽ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͽͳͺ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͹ͯͯͻ;
ͭͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͽͳͺ͹ͬͪ Β͹΃ ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͼ΁ͻͺΓͰ͸ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ Β͹΃ ͸ͳΒͰ ͯͪͶͪ ͼͬ͹Β
ͷͪ͵ͼͳͷ;ͷ ͪͳͷͪͺͻͰͯͳͼͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͺͻͰͻͪͼͽͰ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͽͳͺ͊ͬͰͼͪͯͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͼͬ͹Βͼͷͳͼͪ͹
;̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ
͈ͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΒ;Εͳͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͉ͪͯ͹ͬͪ͸̹ͳͭ͹ͬͳΕ͵ͪͱͰ
t͈ͻͰͯ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ ͽͻͰΕͰͭ ͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ ͸ͪ ͻͪͼ͵ͻ΃Ε; ͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ ͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ ͏ͻ͵ͬͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ;
ͳͲͭ͸ͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ͯͳΒͪͼͺ͹ͻͳ ͸ͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͷͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͇ͪ͸ͪͺͶ͹ͬͳͺ͹
;Ͳͫ;ͻ͵ͪ͸͹ͷ͹͵Ͱͪ͸;ͭͯͰΒͰͲͪͺΓ;ͼ͵;Β;ͼͷͻͽ͹͸͹ͼ͸ͳͽͪͶͪͼͳͼͪͼͬͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͼͺ͹ΓͪͳͳͲ͸;ͽͻͪ͆͹ ͳ
ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͼͬͳ΀͢Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͷͪ͸ͪͳ ͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͷͪͶͰ ͳͫͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ ͇͸ͪ͸ͰͭͯͰ;ͯ;ͫͳ͸ͪͷͪͼͬ͹ͭ
ͫͳΕͪ ͸͹ͼͳ ʮͶͰ͵ ͫͰͼͷͻͽ͸͹ͼͽͳʮ ́ͭΔͪͽͳΒͰ ̹͹ͭ͹͸͹ͼͪ΁
ͳ ͯͻͪͭ͹΁Ͱ͸͹ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ ͳ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ ͫͳͽ͸͹ͳͼͺͪͼ͹͸͹ͼ͸͹ͲͪͼͬͰͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹Βʮ͵ͻͳͲͳʮ̓ͪ͵͹͈ͯͪͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ͏ͻ͵ͬͪͳ;
ͬͰ͵;ͫ;ͯͰʮͭͻͪͯ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͭ͹ͻͳͼͽ͹Βͳʮ ͳʮ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ͹ʮ ͼͬͰͽͪ ̓ͪ͵͹ͯͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪ͸;ʮͼ͹ʮ ͳʮͼͬͰͽͶ͹ͼͽʮ ͼͬͰͽ;;ͬͰ͵;͵͹Βͳͷ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͪͺ͹͵ͪͶͳͺͽͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͆Ͱͷͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬͳ΀ͻͰ΃Ͱ
Δͪ Ͷͪ͵ͳ΀ͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͈ͪͪͳͺͪ͵ ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪ ΒͰ͵ͻͪΒΔͳͽͻͰ͸;ͽͪ͵ͯͪͼͰ
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ͏ͻ͵ͬͪ͹͵ͻͰ͸ͰͼͰͫͳͳͯͪ͹ͽͺ͹΂͸ͰͯͪͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͳͶͪ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;
ͼͰͳͲͻͪͲ͸͹ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͯ;ͭ͹͹ͯͶͪͭͪͶͳ͆Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸ΒͰ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͽͳ ͹ͫͻͽ ͸͹ͬͳͼͷͰͻ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͳ
ͺͻͰ;ͼͷͰͻͰΔͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰ ̺ͳ΃ͰΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͯͪ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͳͫͰͲ͹ͯͶͪͭͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͸ͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͻͰͯ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͪͷͰͼͰͫͰͳͼͬ͹ͭͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΒͰͻͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͪ͸͹ͷͪͶͳΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵͹
Ͷͳ͵͹ ͷͳ͸;Ͷͳ΀ ͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ ;ͲͯͻͷͪͶͰ ΔͰ͸ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͱͰͶͳ ͯͪ ͳͲͫͰͭ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸;
ʮͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ʮ ͳͶͳʮͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ʮ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ; ͼͬͰͽͶ͹ͼͽͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹
ͿͳΒͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͼͪ͹ͫͻͪͲͳͳ΀ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳ ͯͪͳ΀
ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪi ̹ͳͭ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͌΂Ͷͪ͸͵;t͊ͬͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹͵ͪ͹ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪiͳ͈Ͱͽͪͻ̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹
ͬͳΕ΃ͪ͸ͼ;Ͳͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͳͼͺͪͼͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͬͳͯͳ;ͼͬͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͽͬ;ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒ
ͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ͳ͵ͪͱͰt͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳͷͪͷ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͪͼͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪͶͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ;ͽͪ
͵ͻ͹Ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͳ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷ ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;͵ͻͪΒͰͬͪ ͹ͽ;Ό;Β;ΒͰͯͪ͸ͯͰ͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͷ͹ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ
;ͬͰ͵ͽͻ΂ͪͶͳ;ͲͪͭͻΓͪΒ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͷͻͱΔͳͳͺ͹͸ͳͱͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͵͹Βͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͳͼ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͺͻͰͷͪ
͸ͪͷͪ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͷͪͷ͹ͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΒ;͸ͳ͸ͪ΃Ͱͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͸ͳ͸ͪ΃ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ
ͽͰͽ ͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷ;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪ͸ͰͶͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͲͶ͹ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪͷ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͷͪͭͪͶͰ ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͷ
͸ͳ͹ͯͷͪͭͪͶͰ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͲͪ͹͸ͰͺͻͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳ̓ͻͳͲ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͽͳͺͪ
͵͹ΒͪΒͰͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹͸ͪͼ͸ͪͲͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͼͰͬͰΕΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͽͻͭͶͳͳͲͯͻͰͷͰͱͪ ͳͶͳ
͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͼͰ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹͹ͽͻͰͲ͸ͳͶͳ͹ͯͺͳΒͪ͸͵Ͱ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹Βͭ͹Ͳͫͳi ̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͰͭͲͪ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ;΂Ͱͷ;
ͫͳͫͳͶͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;ͽͪ͵ͬ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰt͌͹ͬͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͺͻͳ͸
΁ͳͺͳ͸͹ͬͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͼͽͬͪͻͳ– Ͱͽ͹ ΃ͽͪ͸ͪͷΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹͌ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͫͻ͹ͯͪ͵ͪ́ͼͽ͹͵;
ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͵ͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹Β ͉;ͼͳΒͳ ͸Ͱ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ ͶͰΌͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͋͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͯͪ ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ
͹ͼͬͰͱͳͷ͹ ͹ͼ͸ͪͱͳͷ͹ͳ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͳͷ͹ͼͬ͹Βͺ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹Ͳͪͺ;΃ͽͰ͸ͳ͹ͫͰͶͰ͹͵͹ͻͰ͸͋͹͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͺ;ͽ
͵ͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹Βͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;͹ͬ͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͶ;ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͵ͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬ͵;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͻͪͲ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͆ͪͷͪ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͯͪͯͪΕͰͳͯͰΒͪ͹
̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳͯͪͲͪͱͳͬͳ;ͺ;͸͹Βͼ͸ͪͲͳͳͺ;͸͹ͷͼΒͪΒ; ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͯͪͯͪΒͰͷ͹ͱͯͪͽͪͳͯͰΒͪ͹͸͹
̸ͻͳΒͪͯ͸ͳ͸͹͵Ͷ;ͺ͵͹ͲͪͳͲͶͪͲͳͲͶͪͬͳͻͳ͸ͽͪ;͵͹ͷͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹ͳ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͽͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͲͪ;ͬͰ͵
Ͳͪͻ͹ͫͳi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ ΒͰ ; ͳͷͰ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳ ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͹͸ͳ͹ͯͻͳ΂;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͳͼͳΒͰͻͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪ
ΕͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͺͻͰͽ͵ͪ ΒͰͻͫͳͽͳͷͰ͸ͰͭͳͻͪͶͳͼͪͷͳͼͰͫͰ ͬͰΕͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͪ͠Ͱͻ t΃ͽͪΒͰͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪi ͺͳͽͪͼͰ̺ͶͪͯͰͽͪ͠Ͱͻ͹ͽͳΕ ͹ͯtͺͻͳ
ͬͻͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪiͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͫͻͪ͸ͰΕͳͼͰͽͪ͵͹ ΒͰͯͳ͸͹;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ ͳ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳ
ͬ΃ͳ ͼͰ
͹ͯ ͻΌͪͬͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳ Ͷͪͱ͸͹ͭ Ͱ͵;ͷͰ͸ͳͲͷͪ ͪ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ
ͳͲ͹Ͷ;Β;ΕͳͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀͹͸ͳ΀ͯͻͪͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͵͹ͬͳ͸ͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳΔͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰ
͸ͰͲͪͯͳͻ;;ͱͳͬ͹ͳͲͯͻͪͬ͹ͽ͵ͳͬ͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͼ͵ͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͷ ͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͷͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ
͸͹ͷ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵;͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi ͠Ͱͻ͹ͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͽͳ΂͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ΃ͽͪͫͳͫͳͶ͹ͼͪͼͻͺͼͽͬ͹ͷͪ͵͹ͼͰΔͰͷ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ;ͭͪͼͳ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹͵͹ΒͰΒͰͳͷͪͶͪ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ̽ͳͷͳͽͻͳΒͰ̹͹ͭͯͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪt͌
ΒͰͯ͸͹Βͽͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͫͳͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͯͪ͸ͪΌͰͲͪͷͰ͸;ͫͪͻͳͼͽͰΒͪ΂ͳ͸ͰͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͵͹Βͪͫͳͭͪͷ͹ͭͶͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͽͳ͹͸ͪ͵͹͵ͪ͹ͬͰͻͪ͵͹Β;ͫͳͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹;ͽͪ͵ͬ; ͺͪ͵ ͲͪͷͰ͸;Βͪ͸ͰͬͰͻ;ΒͰͷ ͽͰͼͪ
ͼ;ͷ͹ͻ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͹ͷͬͳͯͳͷͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͪ ͯͰ΀ͻͳͼͽͳΒͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹
͹͸ͼͰͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͽͳ ͸͹ͫͳ͹ͫͳͽ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͭ ͪͷ͹ͱͯͪ
ͳͽ;ΌͰͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪi ̹͹ͭͯͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͬͰ͵ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪ;ͷ; ͵ͪ͹͸ͳͽͬ͹ͯͳΓ;;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͪΒͪΔ; ΒͰͼͽͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼͰ
͊;͸΁Ͱ ͻͪΌͪ ͸ͪ ͳͼͽ͹͵; ͪ ͲͪͶͪͲͳ ͸ͪ Ͳͪͺͪͯ; ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ; ͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͳͷ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͪtͼͬͰͽͶ͹ͼͽͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪͳͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͽ͹ΒͰͫͶͳͼͽͪΔͰͭͬ͹ͱΌͪ ͽ͹ΒͰͫͶͳͼͽͪΔͰ

ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͪ͸Ͱͯ;΃ͪi ̺Ͷͪͯͳ͵ͪ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͪΒ
͈ͻ͹ͺͪͼͽ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ͸ͪΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰͳ΂;ͬͰ͸ͳ͇ͼͬͪͶͯ͑ͺͰ͸ͭͶͰͻ
;ͬͰͻΓͳͬ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳͯͪͳͯ;ΕͳͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͺͻͳͺ͉ͪͯͪ;ͼͳΒͳͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ;ͅͳͯͰͶͳͷ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰ
ΔͰ͇ͼͬͪͶͯͪ͑ͺͰ͸ͭͶͰͻͪ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͫͰͲ͹͸͹ͭͪΒ;΂Ͱ΃ͽͪͼͷ͹ͷͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ
΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
͈ͪͼͳ͹͸ͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ ͳͶͳ ̾͌ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
̸͸ͪͼͽͪͼͳΒͰ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͎ͳͶͪ͸ͯͪͻͼ͵ͳ Ϳ͹͸ͯ ͺͻͳ ̹͹ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;ͳ͎ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ
̹Ͱ͸΁ ̾
̽;΀ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͐ͳͭ͹Βͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ
̹ͳͭ͹ͬͳΕ ͉
͏ͻ͵ͬͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͎ͪͯͳͶͪ͸ͯͪͻͼ͵ͳͿ͹͸ͯͺͻͳ̹͹ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;
͈͊͏
̹͹ͭͯͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̽
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽ;ͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͳͷͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͯ͹ͫͪ ;͚̽͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ;ͻͳ
ͺͻͳͻ
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͰͫͪͳͲͰͷΓͰ͆ͳ΃̻ͻͪͯͳ͸ͪ
̹;Ͷͭͪ͵͹ͬ ͊
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ͆͹ͬͳ͊ͪͯ̓ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͆͹ͬ͹ͭ͊ͪͯͪ
̻ͪͬͻͳΕ ͆
́ͲͪͲ͹ͬͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͷͼͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͺͪͼͽͳͻͼͽͬ; ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
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̻Ͱ͹ͻͭͳΒͰͬͪ ̺
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪͳͼͳ΀ͪͲͷͪ͆ͳ΃̻ͻͪͯͳ͸ͪ– ͉͌͆́͠
̽ͪ͸ͳͶͰͬͼ͵ͳ ͆
͉;ͼͳΒͪͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͶͳͼͽ͉͊͠
̽͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͼ͵ͳ ͍ͅ
͈ͳ΃΂Ͱͬͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ͵̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́Ͳͯͪͬͪ΂͵ͪͻͪͯ͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͉ͪͪͯ
̽;΂ͳΕ ͠
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ ͹ Β;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳͲͷ; ; ̿ ͚;ͻͳΕ ;ͻ ͳ ͺͻͳͻ

̓͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲͰΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼͽ̹ͬͪͰ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯ́͊
͠Ͱͻ͹ͽͳΕ ̺
͆ͰͼͽͪΒͰͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͈͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ̽ͪ͸
̈́ͰͫͰͯ͹ͬ ͊ ̹Ͷͪͭ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͅ
̽ͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ ͺͻͬͳ ͬͰ͵ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹
ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪ;͉;ͼͳΒͳͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
;͚̽͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ͈͊ͽͪΒͳΕ ̽͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻͳͺͻͳͻ

͎ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ; ͬͰ͵;͆͹ͬͳ ͊ͪͯ ͈ͻ͹ͷͰͽͰΒ ̈́Ͱͼ͵͹ͬͪ΁ ̈́Ͱͼ͵͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ͆ͳ΃
͉͌͆́͠
̓ͪͶͰͲͳΕ ̽
͑ͪ͸ͼͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ͆ͳ΃̻ͻͪͯͳ͸ͪ
ͪͅͽͰΒͳΕ ͅ
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ΀ͻͪͫͻ͹ͼͽ ͫͳͽͳ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ – ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷ.
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͉ͪͯͪ΃͵ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ̀
͏ͻ͵ͬͪ ͸ͪ;͵ͪ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ ͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ͹ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͷ͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ;

͈͹ͺ͹ͬͳΕ ͠
͍ͳͶ͹ͼ͹Ϳͼ͵Ͱ;ͻͬͳ͸Ͱ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͅ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͣͰͶͳΒͰ
͋͹Β͸ͫͳ ̸
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ**̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͪ
͋͹͵ͬͳͶ ̸
͇ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳ;̸ͷͰͻͳ΁ͳ͆͹ͬͳ͊ͪͯ́Ͳͯͪͬͪ΂͵ͪ͵Δͳͱͪͻ͸ͳ΁ͪ̀͹ͻͪ͸ͪ͊ͽ͹Βͪ
͸͹ͬͳΕͪ
́͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͳͲͯͪΔͪ
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̸̸̸̻͇̺͇̺͆̽͆̓́ͣ1
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸͉͉͇̺́́̽͆́͐̓́͑͋̓́́͠͠
̸̸̸̸͈͉͇͈͉͇̺͇͇͉͋̾͊͋́͋́́̀̾͆̀̓͆̽͌͌ͅ
͉̹͉̻͇͊́́́̾́͆͌͠ 2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͉ͪͯΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ ͻͪͯ;;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͺͻͬ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;ΒͰ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͺ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ́ͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;ͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ
ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁͇ͪͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͪ
ΒͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳ
ͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼBͳͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͻͪͯͪ;͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͻͪͯ;ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ
͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳͽ͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ
͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͌ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;ͯ͹͸͹ͼͰͬͰΕ;Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͳͼͳͻ͹
ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵͇ͪͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ΒͰͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ ͪͳͼͽͳͼ;ͳ
ͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵͹Βͳͽ͹͸ͪͷͰΕ;̸;ͽ͹ͻͼͰͫͪͬͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ
͸Ͱͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͷͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͺͻͰͷͪͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹
ͻͪͯ;́ͷͪͳ͹ͺͳͼͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͽͻͪ͸ͼͷͳͼͳΒͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;
ͽͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͳͲ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ͋;ΒͰͳͶͳͼͽͪ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ;͵ͳͯͪΒ;͌͸ͪΒ͵ͻͪΕͳͷ΁ͻͽͪͷͪͼͰͳͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪ
ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͬͶͪͼͽͳͺͻͰͷͪ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵ͪ΂ͳͷͪͳ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪΒͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͳ
͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͷͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
ͯͪΓͰ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳ ͼͰ ͼͪ ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͷͪ
Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ;ͫͳͬ΃ͳͷͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͻͪͯ; ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ
1
novakovic.OBEB@gmail.com
2
͋Ͱ͵ͼͽΒͰͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;t͊ͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͫͻ
͵͹ΒͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ
͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ 2011–2017.
3
̺͇͌̽
͆ͪΒͪͬͰͳͲͷͰ͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͽͻͪΒͪͶͰͼ; ͹ͯͯ͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͼ;;͸ͪΒͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳͼͽͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ
ͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͬͰΕͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͲͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͻͪͼͽ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͳ
Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ͇ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΓͰͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͲͼͿͰͻͰ;ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͳ ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͪ ; ͵͹ͻͳͼͽ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͪ
́ͲͷͰ͸Ͱ
̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼ;ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͻͪΌͰ͸Ͱ;ͳͷͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭͰ͹ͯ
Δͳ΀ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸Ͱ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾͌ 3 ͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ
ΒͰͼ;͸ͪΒͬͪͱͳΒͰͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͇͉̀ͪ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵ͻͳͲͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ
͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ͌ͻͪͯ;ͼͰͯ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͽͰͲͪͯͪͼ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͯ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹
ͻͪͯ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ ͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͭ;ͫͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ͸ͪΒͪͷ͸ͳͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪ
ͬ͵ͪΒͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͽͳͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷ͹ΕͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰͳ͸ͪΒͪͷ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ
͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ; ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͼͪͼͬͳͷͼ;;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;͸͹ͬ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰ
ͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͪ̽͹͸͹
΃ͰΔͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳͷͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳͷͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ΒͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸tͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͼ͵ͳͷi ͪ
ͽ͹͸ͳͼ;ͷ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͺͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊͊͊͊ ͅͳ΀ͪΒͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ̸
͈͹ͽͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵
ͬͶͪͯͰͅͳͻ͹Γ;ͫ̈́ͪͫ;ͼΒͰͳͼͽͳ΁ͪ͹ͽͪΒͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͼ͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͲͪ͵͹͸ͪtͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹͸Ͱͽi͇ͯ
ͽͪͯͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͍ͅͅ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͫͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵Ͱͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹
ͼ; ͬͻ΃ͳͶͳ ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ ͸ͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͯͪ ͷͰΔͪ ̀ͪ͵͹͸ ͹ ͻͪͯ; ͠Ͱͯ͸͹ ͹ͯ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
;ͼ͵ͶͪΌͳͬͪΔͪ͸͹ͻͷͳͼͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹
;΁ͰΔͳͬͪΔ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͲͪΒͷ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͯͪΓͰͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͳͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ
΃Ͱ͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸΁ͳ͇͉ͪͅͼ;ͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͳ͵ͶͪΔͪͶͳ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳͷͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪ ͪ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ
͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͳͼ;ͫͶͪͭ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͳ͸ͪ͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ͇͉ͪͪͅ͵ͪ͵͹͹
ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͬͰͲͳͼͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ
ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͰͷ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͲͪͻͪͯ; ͶͰ΂ͰΔͰ ͺͶͪΕͰ͸͹͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͳͼͶ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪͷ͇͉ͪͪͅ
ͳ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β ͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͳ ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ ͼͰ ΂;ͽͳ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ ͳ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ ͇͉̀ ; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷ͇ͪͬ͹ͯͰͷͪ͸ͽ;Β;ͳͼͪͷͳ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͺ͹ͼͶͰ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͭͶͪͬΓͪ ͫͻͳ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ
; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ̾͌ ͈͹ͯ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ̾̓
͸ͪΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͼͰ͸͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͪ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;ͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ
3
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸ͰͷͪΒͰͯͪ͸Ͳͪ͵͹͸͵͹ΒͳͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͆Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹
ͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͌ Δ͹Β ͼͰ ͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰͫͪͬͰ ͹ͫ;͵͹ͷͳͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ
ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳͷ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͆ͰͷͪͬͰΕͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;ͬͳͼͳ͸ͳͲͪͻͪͯͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ
͉ͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ΒͰͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͪͺͶͪΕͰ͸ΒͰͻͪͯ;ͼͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͸͹Ε; ͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ
ͻ͈ͪͯ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΔͪ ͹ͽ͵ͪͲͪ ͳͶͳ ;
ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ͊ͬͰͼ;ͽ͹ͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;;ͷͪΔͰ͸ͪͳͶͳͫͻͳͼͪ͸ͪ;͇͉̀;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ

̸̸̸̻͇̺͇̺͆̽͆̓́ͣ: ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ...
̸̹͉͊͌̾̓͋́͋͆̀́͠͏͉̹͉̻͇́̾͌͊́́́̾́͆͌͠͠
͋ͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪKFͽͰͻͷͳ͸͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪͯͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͲΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ̓ͪͯΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳͷͻͪͼͺͪͯ͹ͷͻͰͪͶͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰͼͷͪ
ͽͻͪͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;;ͺͻͪͬ΁;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͼͬͰͭͪ΃ͽ͹͹͸ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱ
ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱͳͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΂͵ͳͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͳͼͶ
4͈͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼ
ͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͼͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͽͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪͬͰͲ;ΒͰͲͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸; ͪͲͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;Β;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͪͼ;
;ͽͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͹ͽͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵͹Β
ͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ
̀ͰͷΓͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰͻͪͼͺͪͯ͹ͷ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳͷͪͶͰͼ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼͻͪͼͽͪ͵ͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͰͽͰ͵ͪ͹͹ͯͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͪ;ͫͻͲͪ͹ͼͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͳ΀
͋͹͵͹ͷ ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͹͸Ͱ ͼ; ͼͰ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪͶͰ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͈ͻͰͷͪ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳͪͅͻͳΒͰ͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ
t̓ͻͪΒͰͷH͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͪ;͵;ͺ͸ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͺͻ͹΁ͰΔͰ͸ΒͰ͸ͪͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ΃ͽͰͯΔͪ
ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ ͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͽΒ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͹͵͹ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪi 0CSBEPWJǀ
ͼͽͻ

͊Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ ͼ; ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͳ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͲ;ͲͰͬ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͪ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͆ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ΒͰ͸͹ͬͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͪ͵ͪ ͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵ͳ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵;
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵; ͵Ͷͪͼ; ̓͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ ͸ͪ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷ; ͯ͹ͬͰ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͯ͹
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ͊ͽͪͻͳͼͻͰͯΔͳͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳ ͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͼͰΓͪ΁ͳ
ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͳ
ͼ; ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͈ͻͬͳ ͼ; ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪͶͳ ͼͬ͹Β ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͳͶͳ ͆͹ͬͳ ͼͻͰͯΔͳ
ͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳ ͸Ͱͷͪ͸;ͰͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͰͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͳͶͳ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͶͳ͋ͪ͸ͪ͵ͺ͹ͯͼͶ͹Β
ΒͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͲ͸ͪΔ;ͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳ͹ͼͬ͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͆ͪΒͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ
͸Ͱ ͺͪͯͪΔͰ͸ͪͶͰͼͽͬͳ΁ͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͱͪΒͪ ͷ͹Εͳͳ;ͭͶͰͯͪ ͯͰͼͳͶͰͼ;ͼͰ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳ ͵͹Βͪ
ΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͭ;ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ
͋Ͱͷͺ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀͵ͶͪͼͪͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ͹ͯ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ
͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ́ͲͻͪͲͳͽͰ ͼ; ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͽ͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ; ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͼ;ͼͰͬ͹ͯͳͶͳͭͻͪ
Όͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ͌ͫͳͬ΃ͳͷͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒFͼ;ͼͰ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪΓͳͬͪͶͰͫͰͲͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΔͪ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ
Ͳͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͫͳͶͳͼ;ͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͪΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͰ΁ͰͼͳΒͰ͹ͯ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͳͷͪͶͪtͷͪͶͳͺͻΓͪͬͳͻͪͽi͋ͻͪΒͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΂͵ͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳ
ΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱͳ̸͆͠ ͪͲͪͬͻ΃ͳ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͻͪͲ͹ͷ̸͆͠ /JLPMJǀ ͼͽͻ–
̽ͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰ
͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪΓͰΔͪ ̹͈̽ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵;ͫͳ͹ΒͰ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵ͪ̾͌͊ͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ
4
̺Ͱͻ̺ͪͻͪͽ;΃ͪΒͰ͸ͪͬͰͶͪͼͺͳͼͪ͵ͷ͹͸͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ͹ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͽͰ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͶͪ ͯͪͷͰΌ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ
ͼͽͳͷͪͺͻͰ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΒ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͲͪͶͪͱ;Ͳͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ̺ͻͪͽ;΃ͪ ͼͽͻ17–

ͫͳͬ΃ͰͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱͼ;ͺ͹ͼͬͳͷ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͷͷͰͻͳͶͳͷͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ ͹ͯ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͺͻͰ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
̓ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸;͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪͶͪΒͰͳͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ͆ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ
ΒͰͫͳͶͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ ͸Ͱ
ͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪͺͻͳͭͻͪͫΓͰ͸ͪ ͹ͺΓͪ΂͵ͪ͸ͪͳ
ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͈ͪͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵;͸͹ͬ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;͵Ͷͪͼ;ͫͳ͹ΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹
ͬͪͶͳ ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸; ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸; ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸; ͪͶͳ ͳ ͻͪͽ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͰͻͳͷͪ ͳ ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͼͳͬͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
͉ͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪͶͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵ͶͪͼͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ ͼͽͳͭͪ͹ΒͰͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ
Ͳ͸ͪΔ; ͻͪͯ; ΃ͽͰͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
͵ͶͪͼͰ ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͰͲͰͷΓͰ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ;͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹Βͳ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹Β̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ΒͰ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͪ
ͯͪ΃ΔͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͵Ͷͪͽ;ͻͰ ͈ͻͰͷͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͬͰΕͳ΀ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͼͪͳ
ͬͳ΃ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀
ͯͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͰΒͰͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͳͲ͸͹ͷͰ͸͵Ͷͪͽ;ͻͰ -B[Jǀ ͼͽͻ
͋͹ΒͰ
ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͬͰΕͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ͸Ͱͭ͹;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ͆ͪͼͽͪͶͪͼ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ;ͺͰͻͳ
ͿͰͻͳΒͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Βͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͻͪͯͪ ͪ
ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ;ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳ ͹ͯͻͰͯͳ͹ΒͰͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰ͵ͶͪͼͰ͋͹ΒͰ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻ
ͼ͵ͪ ͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͪ ͇͸ͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͯͪ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕ; ͳ͸;ͼͽͻͳΒ; ΃ͽͳͽͳ ͬͳͽͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ̺ͻͪͽ;΃ͪ ͼͽͻ–
͇͸ͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽͳͽͳͯ͹ͷͪΕ;
ͻͪͯ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ;͹ͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͻͪͯͪͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͢Ͱ͸͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͵͹Β͹Βͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͶͪΔͪͳ;ͼͽ;ͺͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ ͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;ͼ͵;ͺ͹ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸;ͻ͹ͫ;
͈ͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹ΒͳͷΒͰͳͲͽͰͷͰΓͪͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͌ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳ͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ΒͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽt΃͹͵ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;
͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͫͪͬΓͰ͸ͪtͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪiͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͳ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͳͳ͸ͼͪΒͯͰͻ
ͼ͵ͰͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ .FODJOHFS ͼͽͻ–
͆ͪ͵͹͸ͼͰ΁ͰͼͳΒͰ͹ͯ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔ;
͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͳͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳͫͳ͹ΒͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͳͯ;ͱͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰ;Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ;̾͌̽͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰ
ͯ͹ͼͽͪͺͪΔͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻͼ͵ͰͿͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͰ #FNCJǁ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ΒͰͼ; ͷͪͼ͹ͬͪ͸ ͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͼͽͪ
ͺͻ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ – ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͻͪͼͽ ͯͻ;΃ͽͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͼͳͻ͹
ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͆͹ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
5 ̽Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΒͰ
;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ͇͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͸ͪΒͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳΒͳͭ;ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͵
ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͊ͬͰΒͰͽ͹;΂ͳΔͰ͸͹;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ̓ͪͺͳͽͪͶͼͰ͸ͪΒ
΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ;ͶͪͱͰ ; Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͳ ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͰ͸ͪΒͫͻͱͰ ͹ͫͻ͸Ͱͳ
5
͇ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͼ; ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ ͅͰΌ; Δͳͷͪ ͬͻͰͯͳ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ
̽ͻͪ΃͵͹ͬͳΕ ̹ ͻͰͯ

̓ͻͪΒͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ.
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́̾͆ ̸̹̹ ͊͊͊͊͊ͪͬͳΕ ͡
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͲͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͺͻͬͳͬͰ͵́͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ –
͊ͪͬͳΕ ͡
͆͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ͫͻͲ͹ͭ ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬ͵ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ; ̹
̽ͻͪ΃͵͹ͬͳΕ ͻͰͯ
̽Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ
ͼͽͻ –
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ;͵ͪ – ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͪ ͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ – ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ Ͳͪ
ͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΔͰ ͳ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͰ ̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳΕ ͅ
͌Ͳͻ͹΁ͳ ͯ;ͫ͹͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
͑͵͹ͶͪͫͳͲ͸ͳͼͪ –14.

ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ͸Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͰ͐Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͬͪΒͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸
΁ͳΒͪͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽͰ͸ͪ͸ͰͽͰΓ;ͯͳͷͪͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ
͆ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒ;͵Ͷͪͼ;;ͼͬͰͽ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ; ͹ͯͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͯ͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͰ͈ͻͰͷ̺ͪͰͻͳ̺ͻͪͽ;΃ͳ
t͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪΒ;Εͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͸ͳ΀ͺͪ͵ͰͽͪͯͰ͹͸ͳ΁ͪͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͼͪ
ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰi ̺ͻͪͽ;΃ͪ ͼͽͻ

̀ͪ͠͹ͬͪ͸ͪ̽;΃ͪ͸ͳΕͪͻͰ΂ΒͰ͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͳ t͵͹Βͪ͸ͳΒͰ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ͪ;ͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͷͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͳ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ –
ͼͬͰͽͼ͵;͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ΒͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͳ͸ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸ͽ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͺͻͪ
ͬͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹i ̽;΃ͪ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͢Ͱ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͪͼͬ͹Β;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͷͰΕͰͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͭͿ͹͸ͯͪ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ
ͫͪ͸͵Ͱ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪͳ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͋;ΒͰͳ̸͇͆͋ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͪ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͫ;ͻͱͪ͹ͲͳΒͰ
͌ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪΔ͇͉ͪͪͯͅ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͽΒ
͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ΀ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͪͶͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵ͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͬͰͽ͈ͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ͌͆ΒͰͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͶͪͯͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ
ͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺ;ͽͪͼ;tͲͪͱͷ;ͻͳͶͰi͸ͪ͵ͻ΃ͰΔͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪ
ͬͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͼ; ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;ΕͰ
;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰ ͸ͪ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;
͆͹ͬ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;΂ͳΒ͹ΒΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹
ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͍͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͹ͭͪΒͰͦ͹͸̺ͳͶͳΒͪͷͼ͹͸ 8JMMJBNTPO
̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͭͶͪͼͳͶͪΒͰ
ẗ́ͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲ;ΒͽͰ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͽͰ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ;ΒͽͰ΃ͽ͹ͫͻͱͰͳͫ;ͯͳͽͰ΂ͬͻͼͽͳ;Ϳͳͼ͵ͪͶ͸͹Βͳͷ͹͸Ͱ
ͽͪͻ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳi͇ͬͪΒ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͰͼ;͸ͪΒͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͹ͼͳͷ̓ͳ͸Ͱͳ́͸ͯͳΒͰ͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͰͲͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰ;ͻͪͯ͹
ͬͳͷͪͅͳͶͽ͹͸͍ͪͻͳͯͷͪ͸ͪ .JMUPO'SJENBO
ͳ͍ͻͳͯͻͳ΀͎ͪͪΒͰ͵ͪ 'SJFESJDI)BZFL
̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ
͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰ͸ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳͷ;ΒͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͳͼͽͪ 3PESJL
͋͹ΒͰͶͳͫͰͻͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͻ͹ͫͪ ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͪ͵ͻ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ΁Ͱ͸ͪͳͬͪͶ;ͽ
͸͹ͭ ͵;ͻͼͪ
ͳ ͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͇͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳͲ ͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͼͬͰͷ͹Ε ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͳ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰ tͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͪi ͌ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ
͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͼͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͻͪͯͪ ͵ͪ͵͹;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂
͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͆͹ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ%PLNBOPWJǀ

͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ͹͸ͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰ
ͽͻͳͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͼͰ;ͫͻͲͪͶͳ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͬͰΕ͹ΒͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪ ́͋
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͪͷ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ

ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼ;ͼͰ;ͬͰΕͪͶͰ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͽͪͯͳΒ;ͷͰͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ
͈͹ͻͰͯͼͽͪͻͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͬͰΕͳͷͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͬͳͻͪΔͰͷͻͪͯͪͳͺͻ͹ͯ;
ͱͰΔͰͷ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
͸͹ͬͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳ ͆̓ͅ
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ͳ ͸͹ͬͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͯͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ
ͬͰΕͳ ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ ͈ͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ ͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯͪ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ Ͳͪ͵͹͸Ͱ ͳ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ Ͳͪ ͼ͸ͳͱͰΔͰ ͸ͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ΒͰ
͹ͺ΃ͽͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪΒͰͼͬͰͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰͬͰΕͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͳ΀ͺͻͪ
ͬͪ ͆͹ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ
͆ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳΒͰͭͼ;͵͹ͫͪͼͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪ
ͽͳͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ; ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪͶͳ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͅͰΌ;͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͷ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͷͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;ͫͻͪ͸ͳͶͳͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͹ͼͷ͹΂ͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ
ͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͺͰͽ͹΂ͪͼ͹ͬ͸; ͻͪͯ͸; ͸ͰͯͰΓ; ͺͶͪΕͰ͸ ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ ͹ͯͷ͹ͻ ͳ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͫ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵ ͻͪͯͼͺ;͸ͳͷͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸;Ͳͪͻͪͯ;
͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͱͳͬͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͻͪͯͪ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸;
ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͶͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯͪ͸ͻͪͯ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͻͪͯͪͳͲͪͻͪͯͪͲͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ
͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰͼ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳͯͻ;ͭͪ ͆͹ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͌ͼͺͰ΀͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͹ͯ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͍ͪ͌ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹ΒͼͰ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪͶ͹ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͹ͯͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ́ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͭͪ #FSOBDJBI ͼͽͻ
ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;ͼͰ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹;ͯͻ;ͱͳ
ͬͪͶͳ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͈Ͱͽ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼ; ͹ͯͶͪͭͪͶͳ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͸ͪ
΃ͽͰͽ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͳΒͰͬͶͪͯͪΒ;Εͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͶͪͻͰͼͽͻͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ
͵ͪ ΒͰ ͲͰͷΓͪ ; ͵͹Β͹Β ΒͰ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳ ͳ ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ; ͷͪΒ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͈ͻ͹ͽͳͬ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͹ ͻͪͯ;
;ͼͽͪͶͳͼ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͰ;͸;͵ͶͰͪͻ͵ͪͷͪ ͸ͪͪͰͻ͹ͯͻ͹ͷͳͷͪ ͺͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͪ #MJD
2
̹ͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͷ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͪͼͳΓͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳ
΁ͳΒͰ͈͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͶͪͺͰ͸ͯͻͰ͵Ͱ ͼ;Ͳͪͬ΁Ͱ ͺͻͰͫͳΒͪΔͪͳ΀ͪͺ΃ͰΔͪͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͆ͪ;Ͷͳ
΁ͪͷ͈ͪͪͻͳͲͪͷͪΒͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͪͷͪΒͪ;ͭͻͪͯͪͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽ͹ͬͪͶ͹ΒͰ
Γ;ͯͳ̹ͳͶͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ;͵ͳͯͪΔͪͽͻͳͯͰͼͰͽͺͰͽ͹΂ͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱ͸ͰͯͰΔͰ Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱͭ͹ͽͺ;΃ͽͪΔͪ ͷͪΔͰͭ
ͺͶͪΕͪΔB ͺͻͰ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ 7SFNF
͈ͪ ͳͺͪ͵ ͬͶͪͼͽ ΒͰ ͯ͹͸ͰͶͪ ͸͹ͬͳ ͇͉̀

͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͰͯͪΓͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ TFMFHSBG

͊ͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͼ;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪΒ;ͭ;̾͌ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;̻ͻ΂͵͹Β̹ͻ͹ΒͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪ
ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷͷͰͻͪ΃ͽͰͯΔͰ ͪͶͳͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ Β͹΃ΒͰͬͰΕͳ͋ͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸Ͱ
ͯͬͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͰ ͪͶͳΒͰ;ͼͺͰ΀ͽͳ΀΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͫͳ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ͆Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͯ
;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪͼ;;ͼ͸ͪͲͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ ͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼͰ͸ͪͷͰͼͽ͹̻ͻ΂͵Ͱ;
ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͷ͹Εͳ;͈̾͌͹ͽ͹ͷͰΒͰ͹͸ͪ͸ͪΒͲͪͯ;ͱͰ͸ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͯͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷͺͻͳ
ͽͳͼ΁ͳͷͪ t͋ͻ͹Β͵Ͱi ͍ͅͅ ̾̓ ̾͏̹
ͯͪ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͳ Ͳͪ͵͹͸Ͱ ͹ ͻͪͯ; ͳ ͺͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͪ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ;ΒͰ Βͪͬ͸ͪ
ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͲͪͯ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͯΒ͹΃͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ

̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͉͉͎͉͇̺͈͉͇͈͉͇̺̓̓͋̾́͊͋́̓̾̽͆́͐̓́͑͋̓́͋̾͊͋͋́́̀̾͆͠ͅ
̸̸̸͇͇͉̀̓͆̽͌
̓͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸;;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ͵Ͱ ; ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ; ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͌ ͼͬͳͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ ͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪΒͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͼͯ͹ͽͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͷͺͻͪ͵ͼ͹ͷ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͹ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ΂ͳΒͪΒͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͽͻͪ͸ͼͷͳͼͳΒͪͷ͹ΕͳͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ ͆ͪͼͽͪΒͪͶͳ ͼ; ͸͹ͬͳ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ
ͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͲͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͳͷͰͼͽ͹;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;̸Ͷͳ ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͯ͹
ͬ͹Γ͸͹Ͳͪ;ͼͺͰ΀;ͫ͹ͻͫͳͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͬͰΕͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̻͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͬ;ͯͪͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͸͹ͬͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸ͪͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹
ͬͳͷͪ ͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͶͳ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ ͯ͹ͺ;͸ͪ ͇͉̀ͪ ͋͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͪͼ;ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͶ͹ͭ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͳ ͍ͅͅ ̾̓ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪ ͇͉ͅ ͫͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵ͪͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ

ͪͶͳͳͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͳͲͬͻ΃ͳ͹΁ͳͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
͇ͺͪͯͪΔͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͽͻͰ͸ͯͳ;΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ̾͌ ͪͶͳͷͪΔͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͪ͸͸Ͱͭ͹;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ͌͹ͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪΒͰͽ͹ͷͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ͌͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͺͻͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͫͳͶͪ;ͼͺ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ
ͲͰͷΓͰ ; ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ; ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͷͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͫͳ͹ KF ͪ ͼͬͰͭͪ
͑ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪͶͰͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͳͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͺͪͯͪ͹ΒͰͫͻ͹Βͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪ͹ͺͪͯͪ͹ΒͰͳ;ͭͶͰͯͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ;͹΂ͳͷͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ 4UPKJMKLPWJǀ
ͼͽͻ

͌ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͳͷͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͪͳ͸Ͱͷͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ͌ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͼ;ͻͰͽ͵͹ͼͽ ͪͶͳͳ
ͽͪͯͪͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳͳ͸Ͱͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͊ͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰͫͻ͹ΒͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫͳͳͯ͹ͷͪΔͰͭͼͳ͸
ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͌ͼͶ͹ͬͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͼ;ͼͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪ͵͹͸ͳͲͷͰ͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪ̓ͻ΃Ͱ
ͼͰͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;;ͬͳͯ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͪͶͳ͸ͳ;͸ͪͷͰͻͰ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪ͹͹ͽͺ;΃ͽͪΔ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵͇ͪ͸ͳ ͸ͰͷͪΒ;͸ͳ;ͬͳͯ;͵;ͺ͹ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͷ͹͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͰ͇ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͶ;΂;ΒͰ
̸ͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͲͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ΂Ͷͪ͸ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͪͬ
͇͸ͪͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ ͫͳͻͪ͵;ͺ΁ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ
ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ͸ͪͯͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ͵;ͺ͹ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ͸͹ͭ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳͬͶͪͼ
͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ ͼͰ ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽ;Β; ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ Ͳͪ
ͬͳ΃ͪ͵ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͆͹ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͫ ͼͽͻ
͊ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ
ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ; ͵ͪ͵͹;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͫͳͶͳͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸ͳͬͳ΃Ͱͺ;ͽ̻ͪͶͪͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽ͹ͻͳ
ͽͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͫͳͶͳ ͼ; ͳͼͽͳ ͬͰΕ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺ;ͽͪ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳ
ͬ͹Β͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͪͬͶͪͼͽΒͰͫͳͶͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͪ΁ͽͳ΀͸ͪͶ͹ͭͪ

̸ͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͲͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰΕͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ΂Ͷͪ͸
. ͌
΂Ͷͪ͸;41. ͼͽͪͬ. ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͼͰ̸ͯͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͽͺͳͼ;ΒͰ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͼͪ͵;ͺ΁ͰͷͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵͉͊i ͫͻ ͳ

͌ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͷͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͳͯ͹ͺ;͸ͪͷ͇͉ͪ̀ͪ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰtͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰiͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͯͪΓͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͋͹ ͼͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪͶ͹ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ;͵ͳͯͪΔͪ
ͳͶͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͬͰΕͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͳ΀ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ ͸ͰͯͰΓ͸͹ͳͷͰͼͰ΂͸͹
ͻͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͰͳͼ͵ͶͪͺͪΔͰ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹
ͬͪΔͰͳͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵ͺͶͪΕͪΔͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͸͹Ε͸͹ͭ ͼͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͻͪͯͪ͸ͰͯͰΓ͹ͷͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷ
ͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ΁ͰͲͪͻͪͯͪͳͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͲͪͬͻͰͷͰͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͭ͹ͯͷ͹ͻͪͳͫ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͺͶͪΕͪΔͰ͸ͪ͵͸ͪͯͪͲͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͳͷͳ͸;ͶͳͻͪͯͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͻͪͯ;ͪͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͻͪͯͪͳ
͸ͪ͵͸ͪͯͪͲͪͽ͹ ͻͪͯ͵͹ͯ͵;ΕͰ ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼ͸Ͱͺ;͸ͳͷͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͬͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪ ͺ͹;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;͹ͯͰͶ;ͳͶͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ΀͹͸͹ͻͪͻ;
ͳͯͻ;ͭͪ͊ͪͯͻͱͪΒͺ͹͸;ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪΒͰ
ͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ7
̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͻͪͯ;ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰͼͬͪ͵ͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ;ΒͰ;ͻͰͼ͹ͻ͸͹ͷͷͳ͸ͳ
ͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ; ;ͲͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͯͳͼ͵ͻͰ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ ͺͻͪͬͪͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ ͺͪͫͻ͹Βͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͳ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͳͳͬͶͪͼͽ͵ͪ͹ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͆͹ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
͵ͻ΃Ͱ ͼͰ ͳ ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͇͉ͪͅ ͋ͪ͵͹ ͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭ ͸Ͱͷͪ ; ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ̾͌ Ta
;ͼͳͽΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͬͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͳͷͪͯͪ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͌
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͬͰΕͳ΀ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪ ͹ͯ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͼ; ͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ̻͌͊
t͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽiͳ͊ͪͬͰͲͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͐Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͷͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;
̸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳ̓͹͸ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ͆Ͱͼ͹
Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͰ͸ͪΒͰͳͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͲͫ͹ͭͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͳ
ͯ͹ͺ;͸ͪ̀01a.
͎͌ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͺͰͽͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪ ͪ;ͼͬͳͷͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͷͪ;΂ͶͪΔͰ͸͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹
ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊ͽͰͺͰ͸ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳΒͰ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;
͹͵͹
ͪ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͺ;ͽͪͷͪΔͳ;ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ; #PMMEPSG ͼͽͻ
͋͹͵͹ͷͭͻͪΌͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͻͰ͵Ͷͳ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪ ͺͪΒͰͽͪͶͪͼͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪ;ͼͶͰͯͳ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͽ͹ͭͪ͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͰͼ;;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͫͳͶͰͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸Ͱ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳͳͽ͹ͯͪͼ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ͼͪ
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͰΒͪͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰt͈Ͱͽͻ͹͵ͰͷͳΒͰiͳͲ
̓;ͽͳ͸Ͱ͌ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽ;ΒͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶ͹΂ͪ͵.Γ;ͯͳ ͯ͹͵;ͼͪͷ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͱͳͬͳͼͬͰͭͪ. 1BWMP
WJǀ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕF;ͼͺͰ΀Ͱ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ;ͫͻͪΒͪͼͰ ͳͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͰ Ͳͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯͬͰ ͸ͰͯͰΓͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͼ͵;ͺͳͶͰ 717. ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͲͷͰ͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪ 1BWMPWJǀ
̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰͬͶͪͯͪͺ͹ͬ;͵ͶͪͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͳͲͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰ
ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;ͼͬ͹Β;Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͳΒ;;ͼͷͰͻͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹ͬͰ͹Ϳͪ͸ͲͳͬͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
͵ͶͪͼͰ ͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͼͶͰͯͳͶͪͽ͹͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͰͯͬͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͌ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͬͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
7
̽ͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;΀ͻͬͽͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͇͉̀;ͼ;ͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱ͐Ͷͪ͸t͉ͪͯ͸͹ͬͻͳΒͰͷͰΒͰͬͻͳΒͰͷͰ;
͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͯͪ͹ͫͪͬΓͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;͵͹ΒͰͷ ΒͰͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͬ
͹ͫͪͬΓͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ;ͺ;ͽͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪ ͸ͪ ͷΒͰͼͽ; ͭͯΒͰ ͼͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ; ͳͶͳ ͯͻ;͹ͷ ͷΒͰͼͽ; ͵͹ΒͰ ͹ͯͻͰͯͳ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁i ;BLPO o SBEV // broj EPL Hrvatski sabor
͌΂Ͷͪ͸; ͺͳ΃Ͱt͉ͪͯ͸͹
ͬͻͰͷͰ ΒͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͵͹ͷͰ ΒͰ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ ͯ;ͱͪ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͬ ͯͪ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
͸ͪͶ͹Ͳͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪ ͸ͪͷͰͼͽ;ͭͯͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ; ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷi ̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͻͪͯ; t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ
ͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵͉͊i ͫͻ i

΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ ͬͶͪͯͪ ;ͺ;ͽͳͶͪ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹͇͉ͭ̀ͪ ; ͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸; ͲͪͺͻͰͽͳͶ͹ΒͰtͻ;΃ͰΔͰͷ ͬͶͪͼͽͳi
5BOKVH
̺ͶͪͯͪΒͰ; Β;Ͷ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͶͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂ͪ͸ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͺͻͰͯͶ͹͇͉ͭͪ̀ͪ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͬ;͵ͶͪͳͲͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰ
͌͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͳΒͰΒͪ͵ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͬ͹ͯͳ͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͳͲͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷ͈ͪ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ
ͯͬͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͰ ͇͸Ͱͼ;ͫͳͶͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸Ͱͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͰͼ; ͯͪ;ͺͻͬͳ΀ͺͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͫ;ͯͰ ͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͪt΃͹͵ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi̺ͰΕͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪ ͊ͪͬͰͲ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͰ
ΒͰ ͳͷͪͶͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ;΂Ͱ΃Εͪ ; ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͳ͸ͼͪΒͯͰͻͼ͵͹Β ͳ
ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹Β
ͪ;ͼͺ͹ͻͳͶͪΒͰͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͼͬͰͯ͹̻͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ .FO
DJOHFS ¢
͋ͪͯͪΒͰ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͪ;΃Ͷͪ;̾͌ ͪ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͪͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͳ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͯ͹ͻ
ͼ͵ͪ Ϳͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͰ ͈͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ ;ͼͺͰ΀ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ ͼ; ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͳ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷ͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͲͬ ͷͪͶ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͰ ͪͺͻͳͶͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͪͺ͹ͼͶe ͽ͹ͭͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳ
ͷͪͳ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͲͷͰ͸a Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͺͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͪ̓ͻͪΒͰͷͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼ;
ͷͰͼͰ΁ͳͷͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ t͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ ;ͼͽͪ͸΁ͳi ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼ; ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻͳ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ ͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ̹ͳͶͳ ͼ; ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ΃ͽͰͯΔͰ ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ
ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ,SBØPWFD 354
͋͹ͷͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳ
ͼͶ͹ͱ͸ͳͼͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͺͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͈͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷͳͲͷͰ͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪ ;͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͳ
ΒͰͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳͺͪ͵ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ ;ͻ͹ͯͳ͹ͺͶ͹ͯ͹ͷ̀ͪ͵͹͸ΒͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲͳͻͪ͹ͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹
ͬͰ ͻͪͯͬͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪ ͼͰͲ͹͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͯ ͳͲΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͳ
͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲͳͻͪ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͺ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳͷͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ͹ͽ͵ͪͲ
͇ͬͯͰ ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͷ͹ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͳ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
̓ͻͪΒͰͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ΒͰ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳͿͻ͹͸ͽ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;̓͹͸ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹
ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ̸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͌ͯͻ;ͱͰ͸ͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳt͊Ͷ͹
ͭͪi ́͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ ͳ ͌ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͰ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͺͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽ͹ͬͪ͹ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;ͳ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͼͽͰ΂ͪΒ;̀ͪ΀ͽͰͬΒͰͫͳ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͳͺ͹ͬ;͵;ͳͲͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ
Blic
͊ͬͰΒͰͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͺ͹ͯ ͼͶ͹ͭͪ͸͹ͷt͉ͪͯ͸ͳ͵͸ͳΒͰͻ͹ͫi ͪ͹͵;ͺͳͶ͹ͼͰΓ;ͯͳ̀ͪͬͻ΃ͳͶ͹
ͼͰ ͷͳͻ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͰͯͪΒ͹ͷ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ ͻͰͼ͹ͻ͸͹ͷ ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ; ͋͹͵͹ͷ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ
ͷͪ ̀ͻͰΔͪ͸ͳ͸; ̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬ΁; ͆ͳ΃;
͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͶͳ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ͹ͯͽͳ΀Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ
͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ͸;ͼͪͻͪͯΔ;͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷ;ͶͳͼͪΔ;ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͼͬͳ΀tͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪi̽ͬͰͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸
ͽͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͰ ͼ; ; ͽͳͷ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͼͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͰ ; ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸ͪͬͻͪͽͪ ͋; ;Ͷ͹ͭ;
͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪͶͳͼ;ͳͷ̸͊͆͊ͳ̓͊͊͑ͽ͹ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱͻͪͼͽͪ͹ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͍ͪͅͅ ͪͳͼͽͳ΁ͪ͹ͻ͹͵
Ͳͪͼ͵ͶͪͺͪΔͰͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͼΔͳͷ͹͸͹ͬͳͷ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͳͷͪ ͽ͹ΒͰͬͶͪͼͽͬͻ΃ͳͶͪͬͰΕͳͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ ͸ͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ

͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΂͵ͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͻͪͯ;ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳ͹͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͯͰͶͲͪͳͲͻͪͯ;΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͪ͹͸ΒͰͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͆ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͷͰΌ; Δͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͯ;ͱͳ͸; ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵a ͵͹Βͳ ͽͪ͵͹ ͻͪͯͰ
͹ͽͺͻͰͷ͸ͳ͸ͰͲͪͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͹ͼͽͪΒͪΔͪͫͰͲͺ͹ͼͶͪ ͬͻͰͷͰͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪͳͼͶ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸΁ͳ
ͼ; ;ͼͺͰͶͳ ͯͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͳͷͪΒ; ͳ ͻͰͭͻͰͼ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶ͸ͳ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ ΂Ͷͪ͸

ͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪΒͰͺͰͽ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸
ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Βͭ͹ͯͳ͸͈ͪ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ
ͼ͵ͪͶͪͺ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͼͽͪͱͪͲͪͬͳͼͳ͸;͹ͽͺͻͰͷ͸ͳ͸ͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͽͻͰΕͳ͸; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͲͪͻͪͯͰͳͽͯ ;BLPO o
EFPOJI razmerjih 6SFEOJlistRS Øt 3. 2013

͵ͪͽͰ ͯͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸Ͱ ͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ ͇͉̀ͪ ͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ ͼ; ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺͻͰͽͳͶͳ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ
΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͷ ͬͳ΃Ͱͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͷͫͶ͹͵ͪͯͪͷͪͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͪ ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳΒͳͷͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹
΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͳͷͪͶͳ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͯͪ ͷͪ͵ͪͻ ͯͰ͹ ͺͻͰͽΔͳ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ ̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰ ͯͬͰ
͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͫͳͶͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸Ͱ͌ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ͹ͳ΀ΒͰͳ
ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ– ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͬͶͪͯͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪ
ͬͪΒ;͹ͽ͹͵;ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͪ͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͭͶͪͬΓͳͷͪͲͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ;̾͌.
͌ͺͻͬ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͹Ϳͪ͸ͲͳͬͪͳͲͬͻ΃͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹
ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪͯͪͼͰ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱͳͯ͹ͺ;͸Ͱ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͹ͻͪͯ;͆ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ΁ͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ
ͼͽ͹ͬͪͶͳͲͫ͹ͭ͸ͪΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͰͫͻͲͳ͸Ͱ ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪΒͪΔͪΒͪͬ͸ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ Ͳͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͱͰΔͪΔͳ΀͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲͫ͹ͭ΀ͳͽ͸͹ͭ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;͋ͻͪͱͳͶͳͼ;͹ͼͽͪͬ͵;ͻͰͼ͹ͻ͸͹ͭͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ ͺͻͰ͵ͳ
ͯͪͶͳ ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ; ͻͪͯ͸ͳͷ ͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ ͼͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒ; ;ͲͪͶ;ͯ͸͹ ͸ͪΒͪͬΓͳͬͪͶͳ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ
΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͆ͳͼ;;ͼͺͰͶͳ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͺ͹ͬ;΂ͰͳͲ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͺͪ͸ͳͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͳͫͶ͹͵ͪͯͪͷͪͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒͪͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͳt͸͹ͬͳìͪ͵͹͸
͹ ͻͪͯ; Blic
́ͼͺͻͰͯ Δͳ΀ ͼͰ ͳͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͶͪ ͷ͹Ε ͳͲͬͻ΃͸Ͱ ͳ Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ͸Ͱ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͳͲͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ
ͼͽͪΒͪ͹͸ͪΒΒͪ΂ͳͳͭͻͪ΂– ͍͠ͅͅ͹΃ΒͰͷͪΔͰ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͳͷͪͶͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͪ͊͊͊͊ͯͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ
͇͉̀ͪ ͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͪ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͰ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͳ͹ ͇͉̀ ̹ͻ͹Β ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ
΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͲͳ͹΁ͳͿͻ;͹͇ͯͻͭͪ͸ͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͻͰͯͪ͸ͳͼ;͹΃ͽͻͳΒͰͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪͶͳ
ΒͰͻ ͼ; ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͫͳͶͳ ͷͳͻ͸ͳ ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ ͺͻͰͯ ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͷ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͳͼͺͻͰͯ ͻͰͼ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀
ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽ͇ͪͬͪͽͺ͹ͻͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͫͳ͹ΒͰͼͶͪͫ ͪ͸ͪ͵͸ͪͯ͸ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͰͿͰ͵ͪͽͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ̀ͪ
͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;ͯ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪΒͰͯͪ͹͸͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱ͹ͬͰΕ͹ΒͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ 3FMKBOPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
9
̹͌͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;ͼͰ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ; ͸ͪͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͶͳ̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸ͳͫͳͶͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͳͲ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̹ͳ͎́ͲͷͰ͸Ͱ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;ͼ;ͫͳͶͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ;͹ͫͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͇ͪͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹
ͬͳ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͰ ͳ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͽͳ΀ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ
ͱͰ΃Εͳ΀͹͵ͻ΃ͪΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;΃ͽͻͪΒ͵ͪ΂ͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰ͊;͵͹ͫͳͼ;ͼͰͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͶͳͳ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;
΁ͳΒͰ͉͌͊ΒͰ;ͯͪ͸;;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪͳͲͷͰ͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪͺͻͰͯͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͷͫͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹΀ͳΓͪͯͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͪ
ͶͳͯͰͻ͵ͪ͊ͪͬͰͲͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͉ͪ͊͸ͪͼͳͶ;ΒͰͳͲ͸ͰͽͪͳͲͽͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ 'FOB
͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽ
ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ͹ͯ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͉ͪ͊ ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ΒͰ. Β;Ͷͪ. ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͼͺͻͰͯ͆͹ͬ͹ͭͯ͹ͷ͍ͪͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̹ͳ͎ ͇͵;ͺͳͶ͹ ͼͰ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͪͶͳ ͸ͳͼ; ͷ͹ͭͶͳ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͽͳ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ ͇͉̀ͪ ͋͹͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ
ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͺͪͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪͯͪͼͰ;ΌͰ;Ͳͭͻͪͯ;ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽ̺ͪͰΕͰͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͳ
ͽͳ ΒͰͻ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹͵͹͸΂ͪ͸ͪ ͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͶͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͳ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͆ͳΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͸͹ͬͳ΀
ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳͺͪͻͽͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͫͻͪ͸ͳͶͰͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ
̾Ϳͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͫͳ
ͶͪΒͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͳͼ͵ͪ͆ͪͽ͹ͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪ ͽͪ͵͹
ͳ͸ͪͯͷ͹Ε͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ͆ͪΒΒͪ΂ͳ;ͼͬͰͷ;ͫͳ͹ΒͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸;ͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳͷͪͳͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷ͍ͪͪ͋ͅͅ͹ͼͰΒͪͬ͸͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪͶ͹ ;
9
͌ ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̺Ͷͪͯͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ $// Ͱͷͳͽ;ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸ͳ ͼͺ͹ͽ t͌ͶͪͱͳͽͰ ;
͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͭͯͰΕͰͽͰͯ͹ͫͳͽͳͬͳͼ͹͵͹͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱͼͪ͸ͳͼ͵͹ͷ΁Ͱ͸͹ͷͻͪͯͪi.

ͬͻͰͷͰ ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ ͳ ͼ͵ͶͪͺͪΔͪ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͹ Ͳͪͯ;ͱͳͬͪΔ; ͵͹͸
͵ͻͰͽ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͺ͹͸ͰͭͯͰ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͫͳͶͪΒͰ͵͹ͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸ͪͷͰͽ
͸;ͽͳ΀ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͪͶͳ͸ͳͼ;;ͼͺͰͶͳͯͪ͹ͯͫͪ΁Ͱ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͳͲͷͰ͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪ͑ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͳΒͪͬ͸ͪ͹͵;ͺΓͪΔͪ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͼ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹ͯͭͪΌͪͶͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ
ͪͶͳͼ;͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͹͵͹͸΂ͪ͸ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹ͻͪͲ͹ͷͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͋͹ͼ;ͫͳͶͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀ͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͼͰͳͼͺ͹ΓͳͶͰͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ
΀ͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪΓͰ͹ͼͳͺͪΔͰ;ͭͶͰͯͪͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͭ;ͫΓͰΔͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͌͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͸ͳͼ͵ͪ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ
͇͉̀ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸̻ͪͶͪͬ͸ͳ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͯͰͶ͹
ͬͪΔͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪΒͰͼ;;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Βͳͯ͹ͷͪΕ͹Βͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͷ͹Εͳ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵e ͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰ
͵ͶͪͼͰ ͼͪͱͰͽͰ;ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵;ͲͪΒͷ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪͯͪͯ;ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͻͰͼͽͻͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͼͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒͪͲͪ
͵͹͸ͼ͵ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ;ͼͿͰͻͳͻͪͯͪͳͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͪ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͅͰΌ;;Ͳͻ͹͵ͰͽͻͰͫͪ;ͬͻͼͽͳͽͳͳ
ͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͳ ͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͼͽ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪ ͼ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͼͽͻͪ͸͵ͪͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
ͬͳͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͰͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ͊ͬͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͳͷͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͽ͹
ͯͪͼͰ͸͹ͬͰͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͇͉̀ͪͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪͷͰͽͪͽͳͫͻͱͰͳͼͷͪΔͳͷ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͹ͷͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲͬͪ͸ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ
̸̸͇͌̾͊͋̀̓͌͐̓͡ͅ
́ͲͷͰ͸Ͱ ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͻͪͯ;͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͳ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͳ ΃ͳͻͰ ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͯͪΓͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ́ͲͷͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹
ͪ͸ͽͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵͸ͪͲͪͯ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͬͰΕͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰͳͺͻͪͬͪ͹ͯͻ͈ͪͯͪͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
ͯ͹͸͹ͼͰͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸ͪΒ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳΒͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͳͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͼͰ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͫ͹ͻͳͶͳͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͅͰΌ;ΔͳͷͪͼͰͳͼͽͳ΂;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ͹ͼͷ͹΂ͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ
ͯͪ͸ ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺͶͪΕͰ͸͹ͫ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͳ͹ͯͷ͹ͻ ;ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͰ͹
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͻͪͯͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͸ͪ Ͳͪͻͪͯ; ͹ͯ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͺͻͰ
ͱͳͬͰͽͳ ̹ͻ͹Β ;ͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͪ ΕͰ ͼͰ ͯͪΓͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͽͳ ͸͹ͬͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͊ͬͰ ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͼ; Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͶͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͪ ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͼ;͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͌ͷͰͼͽ͹͹ͫͰΕͪ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪͳͬͰΕͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͰͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͇͉̀ͪͳͷͪΒ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼ
ͶͰͯͳ΁; Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱ ͹ͽͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰ ͷͪΔͰ ͲͪͻͪͯͰ ͸ͳͱͪ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳ ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͯͪ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͬͳ΀ ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͼ; ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͱͰ͸ͪ ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͪͻͪͯͪ͋͹ͼ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰ͹Ͳͪ͵͹ΔͰ͸ͪͯͳͼ
͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͪ͵͹ͼͰͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͲͪͶͪͱ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͳͯ͹ͺ;͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳͷ ͻͪͼͺͪͯ͹ͷ
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͪΒͰͼͽͰ ͳͼͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;
Ͷͳ ͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͽͳ΂
͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰ̽ͻ;ͭͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͽͶ;ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ΒͰͼͽͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;͸ͪΔͰͷ;
͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺ͹Ͷ;ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͰ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ΒͰ ͻͪͯ͸ͪ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ

ͳͼͽͳ΀͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͪͶͰ͵͹ ΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͭ͹;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰ͹Ͷͪ
͵΃ͳ΁ͰͲͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻͰ͋ͻͰΕͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ͳͲͷͰ͸͇͉ͪ̀ ͷͪͯͪ
͸Ͱͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ ΒͰͼͽͰͻͪͲͷͻͬΓͰ͸ͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͪͳͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵ͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪ ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹Β͸ͰͷͪΒͪ͵ͳ΀ͳͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂
͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͳͺͪͻͽͳΒͪ͊ͬͳͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͼ;ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͳͯͪͼ;;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͳͲͷͰ
͸Ͱ ͇͉̀ͪ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪ͸ ͺ;ͽ Ͳͪ ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰ Β͹΃
ͻͰͼͽͻͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;ͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͌ͼͬͳͷͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰ
ͬͳͷͪͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͳͲͷͰ͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͼ;ͳͲͷͰ͸ͰͺͻͪͬͯͪͶͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷͲͪͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͷͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͑ͽ͹ΒͰͲͰͷΓͪ͸ͰͻͪͲ
ͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͪ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳΒͪͳͲͪͯ;ͱͰ͸ͳΒͪ ;ͼͺͰ΀͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͪ ;ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔ; Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰ
ͬͰΕͳ ͪͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͫͻͱͳ
͈͹ͻͰΌͰΔͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͳͯ͹ͺ;͸͇͉ͪ̀ͪ
;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͼͪ͹͸ͳͷͪ;̾͌ͳͼͬͰͽ;͸ͪͷͰΕͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪͼ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͷͪΔͰ
ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ ; ͻͰͭͳ͹͸; ͇͸ͳ ͼ; ͷͪΔͰ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͷͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ ͼͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͳ
ͻͰΌͰͼ;ͫͳͶͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱͭ͹;̾͌ͳͼͬͰͽ;͊ͽ͹ͭͪͼ;ͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪΒ͹΃ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳΒͪͺ͹
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ; ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ̾͌ ͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ ͼ; ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ͼͬ͹Β; ͸Ͱͷ͹Ε ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͸ͪ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͰͳͯͻͱͪͬ; ͪͶͳͳ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ;͸͹ͬͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷ͇ͪ͸ͳ
͸ͳͼ; ;ͼͺͰͶͳ ͯͪ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳͲ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͸ͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͰ͵
ͺ͹΂ͰͶͪͯͪͼͰ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΒ;͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͷͳͲͷͰ͸ͪͷ͇͉ͪ̀ͪͽͪͺͻͪͬͪͼ;ͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ ͼͷͪΔͰ͸ͪ ͪͷ͸͹ͭͪͳ
;͵ͳ͸;ͽͪ ͆ͪ͵͹͸ͽ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͼͰ͹Ϳͪ͸Ͳͳͬͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͭͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͪͯͪ ͽΒ. ͯͪͼͰ
;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ ;͵ͳͯͪΒ; ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ; ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
;ͯͻ;ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͋ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭͪ ͸ͰΕͰ
Β͹΃ͯ;ͭ͹ͫͳͽͳ ͼ;ͯͰΕͳͺ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͷͼͽͪΔ; ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳ;̾ͬͻ͹
ͺͳ͈͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͹ͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ
ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͯͪͼͰͽͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ.
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SUMMARY
The QBQFSJTEFWPUFEUPUIFBOBMZTJTPGUIFNPTUJNQPSUBOUDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPGTPDJBMQSPUFTUBHBJOTUUIF
BNFOENFOUPGMBCPVSMBXTJOUIFDPOUFYUPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPO*OUIFGPSFHSPVOE UIFSFJTBTPDJPMPHJDBMBOBMZTJTPG
the characteristics of neoliberal globalizBUJPOBOETPDJBMUSBOTJUJPOJO4FSCJBBOEUIFSFHJPOBOEUIFJSDPOTF
RVFODFTGPSUIFTPDJBMBOEFDPOPNJDTUSVDUVSFPGTPDJFUZ*UFYBNJOFTUIFNPTUJNQPSUBOUDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPG
UIFTVCKFDUTPGUSBOTJUJPOBOEHMPCBMJ[BUJPO UIFJSEZOBNJDT BOEUIFNPTUJNQPSUBOUSFTVMUT5IFCBTJDIZ
pothesis is: the features PGGMFYJCJMJUZ PGMBCPVSSFMBUJPOTBOEMBCPVSNBSLFUTJOOFPMJCFSBMHMPCBMJ[BUJPODBOCF
CFTUPCTFSWFEPOUIFFYBNQMFPGUIFBNFOENFOUTPGMBCPVSMFHJTMBUJPO5IF-BCPVS-BXJTPOFPGUhe most
JNQPSUBOUMBXT XIJDITJHOJGJDBOUMZBGGFDUT UIFQPTJUJPO PG UIFFNQMPZFEBOE VOFNQMPZFE QPQVMBUJPO*O
FTTFODF UIFDIBOHFTPGMBCPVSMBXTCSJOHHSFBUFSFYQMPJUBUJPO DPNQFUJUJPOBOEQPWFSUZPG FNQMPZFE Xorkers.
3FMBUJPOTIJQUPUIFBNFOENFOUTPGUIF-BXPO-BCPVSJOUIFSFHJPOJTTJNJMBS XIJMFUIF actors of the centre
PGUIFDBQJUBMJTUTZTUFN XIPJNQPTFUIFN BSFUIFTBNFBTXFMM5IFBVUIPSEFBMTXJUIUIFDIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPG
UIFVOJPOTDFOFJO4FSCJBBOEUIFSFHJPOBOEUIFSPMFPGUSBEFVOJPOTJOorganizing resistance to the changes
PGUIFMBCPVSMBX5IFSFBSF BMTPEFTDSJQUJPOT PG PUIFSGPSNTPGQSPUFTUBHBJOTU QPMJUJDBMFMJUFT XIJDIBSF
USBOTNJTTJPOTPGUIFJNQPTFE EFDJTJPOTGSPNUIFDBQJUBMJTUDFOUSF5IFSFJTBMTPBMJTUPGUIFNPTUJNQPSUBOU
FDPOPNJDBOETPDJBMSJHIUTPGXPSLFSTXIJDI BSFCFHJOBCPMJTIFE*OCSJFG UIFGPSNTPGSFTJTUBODFPG XPSLFST
UIFEZOBNJDTPGUIFDPOGMJDU UIFEFHSFFPGTPMJEBSJUZBUUJUVEFPGUIFQVCMJDBOEUIFBVUIPSJUJFTUPXBSETTUSJLFT
BOEQSPUFTUTBSFJOWFTUJHBUFE BTXFMMBTUIFNPTUJNQPSUBOUDPOTFRVFODFTGPSFNQMPZFFTJOQSJWBUFBOEQVCMJD
TFDUPST*OUIFFOE UIFSFTJTUBODFPGUIFXPSLFSTBHBJOTUUIFDPOUJOVFEGMFYJCJMJUZPGMBCPVSMFHJTMBUJPOJO4FSCJB
JTDPNQBSFEUPUIFTUSJLFTBOEQSPUFTUTGSPNFNQMPZFFTBOEDJUJ[FOTJOUIFSFHJPOPGUIFGPSNFS:VHPTMBWJB
BOEJO&VSPQF
KEYWORDS: MBCPVSMBX TUSJLF HMPCBMJ[BUJPO USBEFVOJPOT USBOTJUJPO.

̸̸͉͇̺͇̹͉͇̺̿̓̽́ͣ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̸͇͇̺͉͇͍̓͊͊̓́̀̀͆͌͋́̓͆̈́́̓͋ͅ2
– ͇ͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪͽͻͪͭ–
΀ͻ͹͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:̽͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ Β;ͱ͸͹Βͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ͹͵͹ΔͰ ͵͹Βͳ

ͼ;ͼͰͯͰͼͳͶͳ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͶͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͽͻͳͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͳ͵͹ΒͳΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͽͻͪΒ; ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͳͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹– ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͳͺͻͪͬͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ
͸ͳ͵ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰͯ͹ͫͳͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͳtͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪi
ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ
΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁͇ͪͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͇͌͆

͆ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͻͰ΃ͳ;͸;ͽͪͻͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͳͭ͸͹ͻͳͼͪ͸ͪ
ͼ; ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷ ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ
ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ̓ͻͪΒͰͷ ͳͼͽͰ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͷͪΔͳ͸ͰΒͰ;Ͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͫͳͶ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͳ
ͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂ͪ͸ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ Ͳͪ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͯͰͶͪ ͊ͪͬͰͲ͸Ͱ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁̸͇ͪ͆͋ͪt̓ͻ΃ͰΔͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ̸ͪͬͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪi;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳtͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ
΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹ͿͰi͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ̸͇͆͋ΒͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹͵ͪ͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂ͪ͸ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͲͪ
ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒ;͸͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ; ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͳ͏ͻ͸;̻͹ͻ;
͵ͻͪΒͰͷͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͽ͹ͫͰͲ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͰΔͪ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇͌͆
̸ͭͻͰͼͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋ͺͪ͵ͽͪͳ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼ;Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͷ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ͊ͪͬͰͽͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹ΒͰΒͰ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͺ͹ͯͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;΁ͳͬͳͶ͸;ͳͬ͹Β͸;;ͺͻͪͬ;͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͇ͯͽͪͯͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͲͫͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͸ͳͽͳ
ͯͪͻͰͪͭ;ΒͰͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͪͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͪ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ͊ͻͫͪ ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ ͉͹ͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͪ ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͪͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Β͈ͪͬͪͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͶͳ
1
PCSBEPWJD.zarko!gmail.com
2

ͽͲͬ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͵͹Β;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰ͈͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͰ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͬ͹ͯͰͳͲͷͰΌ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ
ͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΌ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳΒͰͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͯͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔ;͹ͬ͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͊ͻͫͳ
Βͪͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͻͰͯͪͫͪ ͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͬͪ͵ͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͫ;ͯͰ;Ϳ;͸͵͵΁ͳΒͳͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͰͳͪͿͳͻͷͪ
΁ͳΒͰͽͲͬ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͺͻ͹΃ͪ͹΁Ͱ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͵ͻ;ͭ ͹ͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪͯ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ;Ͳ
ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸Ͱͼ;͵͹ͫͰ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͰͱͻͽͬͰͳͺͻͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ
͸;΃ͽͰͽ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͺͻͰͼ;ͯͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͪͳͯͻ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;Ͳͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪ
ͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͻͰ΃ͳ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͪͶͳ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͼͽͪΔͰͼͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ͆ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸; ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪΒͰ
tͪͿͳͻͷͳͼͪ͸i ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͬͪ͵͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͷ; ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ
ͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸Ͱ͵ͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰͷ͹ͭ;ͳͲͪͲͬͪͽͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͽͳ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͪͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͹͸ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻ΃ͽͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͯͰͼͳ͵ͪͯͪͬ͹Β͸ͪͷ͹Εͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͺͻͪͬͯ;
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͬ͹Β͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͲͪͷͻͲ
͸;ͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ
̽;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͵͹
ͽͪ͵͹ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͬͳ΃Ͱͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ;͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͲͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰͷ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ Ͳͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͰ ͹ͯ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
̽Ͱͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪͳͲͫͳͶͰͼ;;ͬͳ΃ͰͷͰͼͽͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
͈ͰΕͳ ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸; ͈͹ͯ;ΒͰͬ; ͌ͻ͹΃Ͱͬ΁; ̻ΔͳͶͪ͸;ͳͯͻ
ͳͺ͹Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͲ͸ͰͽͳͳͷͪͶͳͼ;
ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͈͹ͽͬͻͯͪ Ͳͪ ͽ͹ ͼ; ͺͪͻ͹ͶͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͯͰͷ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ t͎͹ΕͰͷ͹
ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;i t͎͹ΕͰͷ͹ ͌ͼͽͪͬi t̿ͳͬͰͶͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪi t̿ͳͬͰ͹ ̾͸ͬͰͻ ͎͹Θͪi t͠Ͱͯͪ͸ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͪi t̿ͳͬͰͶͪ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒͪi3̽Ͱͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͪͺͻͳͶͪͳ
ͷͪΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼ;ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ;ͬͳ΃ͰͷͰͼͽͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͫͳͶͰͼ;͸ͪͼͳͶ͸Ͱ
;Ͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͬͪͽͻͰ͸͹ͭ ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯͰͷ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ
ͳ ͼͪ ͺͪͻ͹Ͷͪͷͪ t͎͹ΕͰͷ͹ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;i
t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹– ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪi tͅͳͼͷ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͸Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͳi tͅͳͼͷ͹ͯͰ΁ͪ͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭͪ ͬ͹Βͼ͵ͪ
̾͸ͬͰͻ͎͹ΘͰi͌͹ͫͪͼͶ;΂ͪΒͪͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ͯͪΒͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͵͹͸ͪ΂ͪ͸΁ͳΓͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹Βͪͫͳt͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪͼͬͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͪΒͰͬͰ
;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͰ͹͍͉ͯ͊͠ͳͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͰΔͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳi ƄBLPWJǀ ͼͽͻ– ΁ͳͽͳ
ͻͪ͸͹;1FUSBOPWJǀ ;FǁFWJǀ ͼͽͻ

t̓͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͪͲͪͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͷ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ ͼͽͪͶͪ͸ ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ ͳ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ
3
̺ͳͶ͹ͽͳΕ
͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͲ ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪ ͫͳͶͰ ͺͻͬͪ ͳ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪ Βͪͬ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͫ;͸ͪ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͳͷͪͶͰ Βͪͼ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͶͳͭͰ – t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͰͳͺͻͳͺͪΒͪΔͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳiͬͳͯͰͽͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ;̺ͳͶ͹ͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ129–

̸̸͉͇̺͇̹͉͇̺̿̓̽́ͣ: ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ; ͻͪͯͳͳͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ́ͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
ΒͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͯͪͫͳͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͯ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͳ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱi 1FUSBOPWJǀ ;FǁFWJǀ ͼͽͻ
4.
2͌͸;ͽͪͻ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;ͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͽΒ͍͉͊͠ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ

ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͰͼͰ;΁ͰͶ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪͯ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͯͰͬͰͯͰ
ͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͲͪͺ͹΂ͳΔ;Ϳ͹ͻ
ͷͳͻͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ
͵ͻͰͽͪͶͪ;ͲͶͪͲ͸͹ͷ
Ͷͳ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰΔ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ
͸; ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͪ͠΂ͪΔͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͰͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͹ͼͽͬͪ
ͻͳͬͪ͸͹ΒͰ;Ͳ;ͼͽͪͬ͸ͪͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͹ͬͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼͪͼͬͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳͳͼͪͬͰͲ͸͹Β ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ;Ͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔ; ͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵͹ΒͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͺ͹ͽ
ͻͰͫͳͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳͺͳͼͷͪͳͯͻ͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͼͪ͸ͳͬ͹͍͉ͪ͊͠ͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;Ͷͪͭͪ͸ͪͼ;
ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͬͪͱ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ
΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͼͪͷͳͷ ͽͳͷ ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ͌ͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ;͍͉͊͠ͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͲͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭͪͯ͹͸ͰͽͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͳ ͹ͫͰͲ
ͫͰͯͳͶͳͼ;Ϳͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱͼͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵͹ͷ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ; ͲͰͷΓͰ ͊ͪͼͽͪͬ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰ ͺ͹ ͺͻͪͬͳͶ; ͫͳ͹ ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ
Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹΃Ε;ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳt͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Ε͹ͷͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹΃Ε; ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪi͆ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼ;͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯ͹ͫͳͶͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽͯͪͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͯͰ͹
ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪ͹ ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͪͷͪ ͳ ͸ͪ ͸ͳͬ͹;
ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ ;ͽͳ΂; ͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͯ͹͸͹΃Ͱ͸Ͱ ; ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͍͉͊͠ ͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ;ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͳtΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰ
ΌͰ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͬͪ͹ ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͹͸ͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ>ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͼͰ ͹ͯͯ͹͸͹
΃ͰΔͪ͌ͼͽ͍͉ͪͬͪ͊͠ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ– ͺͻͳͷͰͯͫͪ
͇̿@ ;ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰͫͻ͹Β΂ͪ͸͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͼͬͳ΀ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹͵ͻͪ
Βͳ͸ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳͷͪΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ;ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ̺͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪi ͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪΒͬͰ
ΕͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ;;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔ;ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͳͼ;;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ
Δ; ͳͽ͹ ;΁ͰͶ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͯ͹ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ
ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳ
; ͼͬͰͽͶ; ͯͬͪ ͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵ͪ ͺͻͬ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ tͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ – ͭ͹ͯ
>...@ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳͫͳͶ͹͸ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹i )PEßB ͼͽͻ–΁ͳͽͳͻͪ͸͹;͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
ͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͯͪt͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͬͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ;>...@ ͭͯͰͼͰͼͬͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ
4
ͅͳ΃͹ͬͳΕͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪΒͰ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͫͻ͹Β͊ͻͫͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͼͷͪΔͰ͸Ͳͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ ͪ
͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪͲ͈ͪ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͳͲͺ͹ͺͳͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͳͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͪͯͫͻ͹Βͪ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
͢ͳ΀͹ͬͫͻ͹ΒΒͰͼͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ;ͼͷͪΔͰ͸͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳ΀ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
1FUSBOPWJǀ ;FǁFWJǀ ͼͽͻ

ͷ͹ͭ; ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪͽͳ ͸ͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ
i ͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ͹ͬ͹Β΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ
ͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͻͰͯΔͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;
ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͪ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰΒͰͯ͹ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹
΃Ͷ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼͽͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͳ ͼͻͰͯΔͰ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͪ ͯͰͼͰͽͳ͸Ͱ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ Δͳ΀ ͳ ͸Ͱ͵; ͹ͯ ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹;ͼͬͳͷͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͷͪ ͉ͪͯͳ͹ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͫͻ͹Β; ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰͯͰΓ͸ͳ΀ ͳ
ͷͰͼͰ΂͸ͳ΀Ͷͳͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͵ΔͳͭͪͼͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵͹ͷ ;ͻͪͯ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͯͻͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͰ͵΁ͳΒͪͳͯͻ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;͉ͪͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͪ
ΒͰ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͷ t͸ͪ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ; ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͳ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ͊ͳ͸ͪ͸ ͎ͪͼͪ͸ͳ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ ͈ͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͍͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ>͵ͪ͹͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ΃ͰͿͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ– ͺͻͳͷͰ͇ͯͫͪ̿@ ͹ͯͷͪΒͪͯ͹ͷͪΒͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱi5.
͍͉͊͠ΒͰ;ͶͪͭͪͶͪͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹͍͹͸ͯͪ
ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͳͻͪΔͰͫͻͱͰͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳ̸;ͽ͹
͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͰ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵ͰͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ
͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪ Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͳͬͪ͸ͪ ͼ; ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͪͯ͹ͺ;͸ͼ͵ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽ͈ͬͪͻͳͷͰͻͪͻͪͯͳ ;tͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̸͈̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ΒͰ
͹͍ͯ͹͸ͯͪͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳͯͳ͸ͪͻͪͳͶͳ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽ͍ͪͬͪ͹͸͈ͯͪ͹ͻͰΌͰΔͪͻͪͯͳ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰ ͯͳ͸ͪͻͪ ͳͶͳ ;͵;ͺ͸ͳ΀
ͼͻͰͯͼͽ͍ͪͬͪ͹͸ͯͪ ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪΒͰͽͪͯͪͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰͯͳ͸ͪͻͪͳͶͳ ;͵;ͺ
͸ͳ΀͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽ͍ͪͬͪ͹͸͈ͯͪͻͰ͵͹͵ͻͰͯͳͽͪ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵Ͱ ̸͈̓ͳͅΒͰ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͻͪͳͶͳ ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹͹ͯ͹ͫͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ̹͹ͼ͸ͪͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱ
ͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͻͪͳͶͳ ͪͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ
ͳͶͳ ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͰͯͳͽͪ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵Ͱi )PEßB ͼͽͻ–΁ͳͽͳͻͪ͸͹;
͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͉ͪͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

. ͆͹ͬͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͺͻͪͬ΁;ͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬ͹ͭͼͽͻͪͽͰ

΃͵͹ͭ΁ͳΓͪ– ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱͼ;͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͼͰͺͽͰͷ
ͫͻͪ ͵ͪͯͪͼ;;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͶͳͽͲͬ;ͼͽ͉ͪͬͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰͲͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰtͼͬ͹
ΒͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͰiͳͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ͇ͯͽͪͯͪͺͪ͸ͪͯͪΓͰ ͯ͹ͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΔͪͳ
͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͵͍͉ͪ͊͠ ͪͶͳͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͬ͹Β͸ͰͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ̸͇͆͋ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ ͪͶͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺͻͰͷͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͷͪͳ͹ͫͪͬͰ
Ͳͪͷͪ ͈ͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͫ͹Β͵͹ͽ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͸ͪ ͼͬͳͷ
͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͯ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͼͬͰͳͲͫ͹ͻͰ͸ͪtͼͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͷ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸
ͼ͵͹ͷͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;i +FSLPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
ͫ͹Β͵͹ͽ͹ͬͪͶͳͼ;ͺ͹ͺͳͼͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳͲ
5
̺ͳͯͰͽͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ; +FSLPWJǀ 1995 ͼͽͻ. 14
.

͸ͳͼ;ͳ΃Ͷͳ;ͬ͹Βͼ͵; ͸ͳͼ;;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͳ;ͼͺ͹ͻͽͼ͵ͳͷͽͪ͵ͷͳ΂ͰΔͳͷͪͳͯͻ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ
Ͷͳͼ;͹͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͳͷͳ΃Ͷͪ;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
;ͼͶ;ͭͰͳͫͰ͸ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͼͶ;ͭͰΒͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͈͋͋ͪͳͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͲͪͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͶͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͯͻ
͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ ͼ; Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͳ ͳ ͼͪ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͻͪͯͳ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪ ͼͬ͹ͭ ΁ͳΓͪ – ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͭ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͇ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵ͪ ͬ͹Βͼ͵ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪΒͰ͹ͯͼͬ͹ͭͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪ;ͺͻͬ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
;ͫͳΒͪͶͪ
ͳ͵ͳͯ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͪͶͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͳ΁ͳͬͳͶͰ ͸ͪͺͪͯͪͶͪΒͪͬ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͷͰͽͪͶͪͫ͹ͷͫͰͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͪͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹Ͳͳͬ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͸ͪͺͪͯͪͶͪͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͳͯͻ̹ͻ͹Βͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ
΂͵ͳ΀ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͯͪͫͳͼͬ͹Βͬͻ΀;͸ͪ΁ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͹͵ͻͪΒͰͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
ͳͺͻͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ̺ͪͱ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͯͪΒͰ͇ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵ͪͬ͹Βͼ͵ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͫͳͶͪ͹ͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳΒͳͷ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͷ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳ͹ͯ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͳͺ͹ΒͰ
ͯͳ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͬͻ΃ͳͶͰͳ͹ͫ;͵;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ ̸́Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ
ΒͰͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͪ;͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪͬͪΔ;ͳ͹ͫ;΁ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹͇̺ͬͪ̓7 ͇ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵ͪͬ͹Βͼ͵ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪΒͰ
Ͳͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪͼͪͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸;ͫͳͶͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͬͻͼͽͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͇ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵;ͬ͹Kͼ͵;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͹ͳ
͊ͪͬͰͽ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͻͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
́ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ΁ͳ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀̽ͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͲͪͼͶͪ
͸ͳ͵Ͳ̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ͉͹ͫͰͻͽ̻ͰͶͫͪͻͯͳͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ̓ͻͳͼͽ͹ͿͰͻ͎ͳͶ
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼ;͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͳ͇̺̓͵ͪ͹ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ͹ͼ;ͯͳͶͳΔͰ͸Ͱͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͽͪΓ
͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̽͹ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͇ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵͹Β ͬ͹Βͼ΁ͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ Βͪͬ͸͹ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ Β;͸ͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ ̸͊̽ ͉ͳ΂ͪͻͯ ͎͹Ͷͫͻ;͵ ͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹ ͼͪ ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͽ͹ͷ ͇̺̓ ; ͷͰͼͽ;
͠;͸ͳ͵ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼͷͰͽ; ͋ͪΒ ͼ;ͼͻͰͽ ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͽͪ
͇̺̓͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ΒͰ̸ͯͪ͊̽ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;͇̺̓͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹ͭͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͪ;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ; ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ – ̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ
ͽ͹͵͹ͷͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ;͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰ;ͳͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͪͼ͇̺ͪ̓ͫͳͶͪΒͰͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ
ͯͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ̸͊̽ͺͻͰͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ

͋͹͵͹ͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪ
ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ;Ͳ ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΌͰͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͲͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͫͳ͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͻͰͽ

̓ͻͳͬ͹͵ͪͺͳΕ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪΒͰ͹ͫ;͵ͪ΂Ͷͪ͸͹͇ͬͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͭ͹͸ͪ;
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͽ;ͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ͹ͻ̺ͪͳͯͰͽͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ
;̓ͻͳͬ͹͵ͪͺͳΕ ͼͽͻ

7
̺ͳͯͰͽͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ;̹ͰͶͪ͵Δͳ͈ͭͪ͊́ͪͅ–̸ͭͻͰͼͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳ͉ͬ͊͠–̽͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͯͰ͹ͺͻͬͳ
ͼͽͻ114–

͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͪͳ́ͫͻͪ΀ͳͷ͉ͪ;ͭ͹ͬͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͰͷͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͹ ͹ͫͻͪ
Ͳ͹ͬͪΔ;
͈ͻͬ͹ͭ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͽͪͯͪ ͺͻͬͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ́ͫͻͪ΀ͳͷ͉;ͭ͹ͬͪͳ
ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪͶͳͼ;͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹͸͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷΒͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸;Ͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵Ͱ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳ
ͽͪͻ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱt͊ͬͰͽͳ̾;Όͳͯͳ͹i ͸ͪ΂ͳΒͰͷΒͰ΂ͰͶ;ͫͳ͹ͷ͹͸ͼͳΔ͹ͻ̺͈ͪΓ͈ͪ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ ΒͰͻͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͻͪͯ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪͲͪͯ;ͱͰ͸ͪͲͪ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Β; ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ tͽͻͳ ͺͶ;ͼ ͽͻͳi
; ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ΀ ͼͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ;Ͳ ͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͰ ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͳ ͯ͹
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͼͺͰͶͪ ͯͪ ͸ͪΌͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͪ Ͳͪ ͹ͫͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͹ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵;̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͬͰΕ
ͳ ͹ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͷͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪΔ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪͶͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵;;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰ ͪͯͪͼͰͽͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͶͰͽ͹ͭͪͻͪͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳ
ͷͪ ͳͽ͹t͸ͪͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;i.
͌ͽ͹͵;ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ–͉;ͭ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͯͪ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ
̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ̽ͻͱͪͬͰ ͷͰΔͪΒ; ͼͬ͹Β ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ͳ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͷͺͳͽͪΔ;ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͳͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵Ͳ̹ͪͪͶ
͵ͪ͸͉͹ͫͰͻͽ̻ͰͶͫͪͻͯΒͰͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹ͯͪΒͰͲ̸ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸;͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸;̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒ;tͺͻͳ͵Ͷͪͯͪ͸͸͹ͬͳ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ͸Ͱ͵ͪ ͬͻͼͽͪ ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱ ;ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͬͰΕ
Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰi t(FMCBSE[BBVUPOPNJKV,PTPWBVOVUBS43+ BMJOFJ4SCJKFi /BØB#PSCB
ͺͰͽͪ͵ ͷͪͻͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

̽ͪΒͰͳ͹ͬͪΒͼͽͪͬ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ
ͫͳ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͰͶͪͲ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵ͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬ;ͲͪͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͰͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͳͲͼͪͼͽ͉ͪͬͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͶͪͼ;ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ;͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰ;ͿͰͫ
ͻ;ͪͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͉ͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ; ͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰ; ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Β; ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͬ͹ͯͳ͹ ͺͻ͹Ϳ ͯͻ
͉ͪͽ͵͹ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͺ͹ͽͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̺ͶͪͯͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Β;ΒͰͺͻͰͯͬ͹
ͯͳ͹͎ͪ΃ͳͷ͋ͪ΂ͳ ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͪͽͪͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͇̺̓ ͳ;Ͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͷͰΌ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͭͶͪͬ͸;ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪͶͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͰ̸͊̽
͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ
ͼ;͹ͯͯ͹ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͰͯͬͰ΂ͰͻΒͰͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ̽ͳͻͰ͵ͽ
͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽ͬͰͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰ͸ͳͼ;;͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰ;ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͪͼͽͪͶͰ ͹ͼͳͷͺͻͳͶͳ
͵͹ͷ΁ͰͻͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͶͳ͵ͪΔͪ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ͸ͳͼ;͸ͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͶͰ̽ͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰΒͰ͹ͯͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͶͪͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͭͶͪͬΓ͈ͪͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͼͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͳ

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΀ͬͪͽͰ9 ͈͹ͭͶͪͬΓͪͼ;;ͼͽͬͪͻͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪͼͪͷ͹;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽ;ͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͳͯͪͼͰͼͪͷͪ͹ͯͻͰ͵͸Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͅͰΌ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͪͷͪ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͳͲ͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ͳͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͫͳͶͰ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ
ΓͳͬͰ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ΕͰͷ͹ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯͬͰ ΂ͳΒͳͷ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͷ ͫͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ ͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ;͈ͻͬͳͼͽͪͬͭͶͪͼͳt̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͼͪͷ͹ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ ͺͻͰ͵͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹
ͯͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳͲͬͻ΃͸ͳ΀ͳͼ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͬͯͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀i ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͼͽͪͬΒͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͽͻͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͳͲ͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰͪ͸ͪ
ͼ͸ͪͭ; ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;ΒͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͫͳͼͰ;ͽͬͻͯͳ͹ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͲͪͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͻͰ΃Ͱ
ΔͰ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͸ͪ t͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͬ͹ΓͰ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͼ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ
ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸;ͬͰΕͳ͸;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΔͪͽΒtͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪiΒͰ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͫͳ͹ͺ͹Ͳ
͸ͪͽ ͳ͹ͬͪΒͼͽͪͬΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͪͬ͸;Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͳͪͫ;ͯ;Ε;͹ͯͶ;͵;͹͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ
͈͹΃ͽ͹ͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳͲ͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰͪ ͽΒ;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽ;ͷͯͪͼͰͼͪͷͪ
͹ͯͻͰ͵͸Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΕͳͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͯͪͼͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͳͳͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͳͶͰͺͻͳ͸;
ͯͳͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͱͰͶͰͶͪͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳ͸ͪͽͲͬͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ
͈͹ͬ͹ͯ Ͳͪ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ΒͰ ͸ͪΌͰ͸ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰͷ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ͯͰͼͳͶͳ ; ͼͰͶ;
͉ͪ΂ͪ͵͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ Βͪ͸;ͪͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪ
ͭͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͇ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵Ͱ ͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ;
͸ͪͳͷͰ ͽ͹ͭͯͪ͸ͪͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͰͪ͵΁ͳΒ;΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͭͻ;ͺͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪ;ͫͳͶͳͺͰͽ
ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪΒͪ΁ͪͳͯͬͪ΁ͳͬͳͶ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁̸ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͫͳͶͪͺͻͳΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ΒͬͰͻͳ
Ϳͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ΒͷͳͼͳΒͳ͇̹̾͊ͪ ΂ͳΒͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͼ;ͳͺͻͪͽͳͶͳͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ͋ͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵ͪͷͻͰͱͪ
t̸ͼ͹΃ͳΒͰͽͰͯ ͈ͻͰͼi ΒͰ ͼ͸ͳͷͳͶͪ ΁ͰͶ; ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͋͹͵͹ͷ ͹ͬͰ ͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͯͰͼͰͽͳ͸ͪ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ
΂Ͷͪ͸͹͇ͬͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ;ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͰͬͪͽͻͰ͑ͰͿ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ
ͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͷͳͼͳΒͰ ̺ͳͶͳΒͪͷ̺͹͵Ͱͻ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͪ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ΒͰ ͹ͼ;ͯͳ͹ ͪ͵΁ͳΒ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀
ͼ͸ͪͭͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͺͽ;ͱͳ͹ͳ΀ͯͪ ͼ;ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͰtͼͽͻͪͬͳ΂ͪ͸ͷͪͼͪ͵ͻͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΁ͳͬͳͶͪi ͪ͸Ͱ
;ͫͳͼͽͬ͹ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ;͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸͹Βͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ; ͉ͪ΂͵; ΒͰ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͽͪ ͹ͯ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͸ͪ
̀ͪͺͪͯ;Ͳͪ͵ͪͷͺͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ;ͲͺͻͰͽΔͰͯͪͼͶͰͯͳ͵ͪͲ͸ͪ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;
̺;Β͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪͿͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪΒͰ ͸ͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬ̾͌ͳ;ͲͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹
ͯͪ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ΃ͽͪͼͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͯͰͼͳͶ͹;͉ͪ΂͵;ͳͯͪͶͳΒͰͻͰ΂͹tͷͪͼͪ͵ͻ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΁ͳͬͳͶͪi
ͳͶͳt;ͫͳͼͽͬ;ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽ͇̺ͪ̓i
9
͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪΒͰt;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͪ͵͹ͼͷͰͽͼ͵ͳͷ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒ̺ͪͶͪͯͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ ͼͪ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂ͳͷͪ ̓͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽ ͭͻ;ͺͰ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ ͼͪ ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ͹ͷ
̓ͻͳͼͽ͹ͿͰͻ͹ͷ ͎ͳͶ͹ͷi ͊ͽͪͽ;ͼ tͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂ͪi ͳͶͳ tͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂ͪi ͳͷͪͶͳ ͼ; ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ
ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ ̓ͻͳͼͽ͹ͿͰͻ ͎ͳͶ ͪ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ ̺͹ͶͿͭͪ͸ͭ ͈Ͱͽͻͳ΂ ; ͳͷͰ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ
ͳ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ
ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻ̹͹ͻͳͼͪͅΒ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ111–114
.

́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ ΒͰ ͸ͪͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸ ͺͻͰͯͪͽ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β ͵ͪ͹ ͽͪͯͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰͷ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸
͎ͰͶͰ͸ͪ ͉ͪ͸ͽͪ ͬ͹Όͪ Ϳͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ Ͳͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺ; ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸͹Β ͷͪͻͽͪ
;ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽ;͇̹̾͊ͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͯͬͪͷͰͼͰ΁ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ;͉ͪ΂͵;ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ
Ͷͳ΀ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ; ͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰ; ͪ ͸ͰͯͰΓ; ͯͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸Ͱ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ ̸͇͆͋ͪ ͸ͪ ͉͊ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ;

ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͶͪΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰtͶͳ΂͸͹ͬͳΌͰΔͰi͹ͻͪͯ;Ϳͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͪ͸ͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ
́ͪ͵͹Ͳͪ
ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ;ͼͰͶ;͉ͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͺ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͶͪ͹΁Ͱ͸;ͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͷͪͼͪ͵ͻ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
΁ͳͬͳͶͪ ͎͉ͪ͸ͽͪΒͰͳͼͽͪ͵ͶͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹tͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ΀;ͷͪ͸͹ͼͽͳi ̺;Β͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͫͰͲ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳ΀͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ͳͽͳͷͰ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͯ͹ͼͽͪ ͺͻͪͲ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͽ͹ͭͪ
΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯͰͼͳͶ͹;͉ͪ΂͵;
͋͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹tͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹iͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ͸ͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͳͲͬ͹ͻͰ
͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͼͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ ͪ͸ͳͽͳͼ;ͽͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͸ͳͽͳΒͰͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͹ͫΒͪ
ͬΓͰ͸
͹ͺͽ;ͱͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪ ͼ; t͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͷͪͼͪ͵ͻ ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ ΁ͳͬͳͶͪi
ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–̺;Β͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͫͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸Ͱ
͸ͪͽͰͶͳͷͪͺ͹ͭͳ͸;Ͷͳ΀;͉ͪ΂͵;͸ͪ͸ͰͽͰͬͪͽͻͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͷͳͯͪͼ;ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ͳͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͳͫͪͻ;ͽ͸ͳ΀
΂Ͱͼͽͳ΁ͪ͸ͪͻ;͵ͪͷͪ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳͬͪͽͻͰ͸͹͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͳ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͳ;͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸͹ͷͼ;͵͹
ͫ;
10 ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͸͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ;
́ ; ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͷ ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ; ͅͳͼͳΒͰ ͇̹̾͊ͪ ͼͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ ; ͼͰͶ;
͉ͪ΂ͪ͵ ͫͳͶͳ ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;Εͳ ; ͽ͹ͷͰ tͯͪ ͼͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪ ͼ; ͵ͻ΃ͰΔͪ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͪ ; ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ; ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪi ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ t͹ͬ͹ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ ;ͫͳͼͽͬ͹ ͫͳͶ͹ ͺͻͰ͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͪ ;
͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͯͪͼͰͷͳͻ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͼ;͵͹ͫi ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͽͪͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͶͪͯͪ
ͼͰtͼͻͱ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;͵ͻ΃ͰΔ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪi 'POE[BIVNBOJUBSOPQSBWP ͼͽͻ
11.
͇ͽͲͬͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͇̹ͪ̾͊ͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪ͹͸͸ͪͬͳ΃ͰͷͰͼͽͪͼͪͯͻͱͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͯͪ
ΒͰ͹͵͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͰͼͽͪͶ͹;ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪͼͪΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ
́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳt͸ͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͬ͹Β͸͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ΀ͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁ͪi
ͳͲ͸ͰͶͳͼ; ;͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳͷͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͳͷͪ ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ̸͊̽ ͷͪΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͵ͪ͹ͳ͉͹ͫͳ͸
̓;͵ ͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹̺ͬͪͰͶͳ͵Ͱ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͇ͬͰͳͲΒͪͬͰͼ;ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͯͪ͸ͳͷͪͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ̸͇͆͋ͪͳͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ
͸͹ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͶͰ ͪ͵΁ͳΒ; ̸͇͆͋ͪ ͳ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ͸ͪͯ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͪͶͳ ΒͰ
ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯͪΒͰͳͼͽͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲ͸Ͱͽͪͳ;͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͷ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ;͇̹̾͊ͪ ΃ͽ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
10
͌ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ;ͫͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ Β;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ tͯͪ ͼ; ͼͬͰ
ͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͰͽͰͶͪ>ͺ͹ͭͳ͸;Ͷͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ– ͺͻͳͷͰ͇ͯͫͪ̿@ Ͳͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͰͬͪͽͻͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͷͼͪͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱͳͯͪ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ; ͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ Ͳͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ ; ͫ͹ͻͫͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͵͹ͯ ͹ͯ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ ͺͻͰͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ ͻ;͵ͪͷͪ ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ͳ
͹ͼͽͪ΁ͳͫͪͻ;ͽͪ ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͻ;͵͹ͬͪͶͳͬͪͽͻͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͷ ͽͰͯͪ͸ͳͼ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͬͰΕͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͇̺̓i
͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

11
̽ͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;,PTPWPLBLPWJǅFOP UBLPSFǁFOP"OBMJ[B0&#47FSJGJLBDJPOFNJTJKFKosova4UBOKFMKVETLJI
QSBWB–oktobar–KVOHPEJOF <3FQSJOUJ[EBOKF>
#FPHSBE: 'POE[BIVmanitarno pravo.

͹ͼͳ͸΀ͻ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͯͰͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ;ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͯͪͫͅͳͼͰ͹ͺͽ;ͱͳͶͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͶ͹ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ12
̸ͭͻͰͼͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋ͪ͸͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ;ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͪΒͰͫͰͲ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͊ͪͬͰͽͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͌ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͷͪͻͽͪͯ͹Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;ͽͻͪΒͪͶͪ
ͻͪͽ͸ͪͯͰΒͼͽ̸͇ͬͪ͆͋ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ΁ͰͶͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰΒͰͱͰͼͽ͹͵͹ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪ͸̻ͪͪΌͪ͸ͳͼ; ͫͰͲ
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ ͌ͼͶͰͯͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͪͶͳ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳͿͪͫͻͳ͵ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ͺͻͰͯ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͫ͹Ͷ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͲͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͽͻͪͿ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͺ;ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͱͰͶͰͲ
͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ;ͭͪͳͯͻ͌ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ΒͰͳͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ΀ͳΓͪͯͪΓ;ͯͳ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ͹΃ͽͰΕͰ͸ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Β
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͌͵;ͺ͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽͪͺͻͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͳͶͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͪͭͻͰͼͳ
Β͹ͷͼ͸̸͇ͪͭͪ͆͋͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰΔͰ͸ͪΒͰ;ͬͳͼͳ͸ͳ͹ͯͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ 7MBEB43+
ͼͽͻ
13͋ͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͯͪΒͰ ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ΁ͰͶ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͰ;ͼͪͷ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪͶ͹΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸;͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹Ϳ;͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͰͻͪ͊͵͹ͻ͹
΀ͳΓͪͯͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͪ– t;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͱͰ͸ͪ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀ͳͳͲ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭͶͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸͹ͯͪ
͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ; ;ͼͽͻͪ΀;͹ͯͪͭͻͰͼ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ΀≯͇͆͋– ͺͻͳͷͰ͇ͯͫͪ̿@ ͫ͹ͷͫͳi ͳͼͽ͹
ͪ
;ͽ͹΂ͳ΃ͽͰͼ;͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳ
͉ͪͽ͸ͪ ͯͰΒͼͽͬͪ ̸͇͆͋ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͪ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͪ ̺͹Β͸͹ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͍͇͉̓
ͳ ͬͶͪͯͪ ͊ͪͬͰͲ͸Ͱ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͪͬͳΒͰ ͳ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ Β;͸ͪ ͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͊ͪͬͰͽͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͪ͸͵ͪͼ͸ͳ
ΒͰ Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ͹͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ;͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͹ͬͳ΀ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͬ͹Β͸Ͱͳ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ͉͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͼ;ͼͰ ͺ͹ͬ;͵ͶͰ ͼ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͪ
͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ; ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͰ ͼ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͍͇͉̓
ͳ
͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͈ͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͷͳͼͳΒͪ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
͌͆́̓ͅ

͇ͯͼͬ͹ͭͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͪͳͬ͹Β͸ͪͷͳͼͳΒͪ
͇͌͆ ͍͇͉̓ ͳ ͌͆́̓ͅ
ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪͶͰ ͼ; ͯͪ ; ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ
12
̽ͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͸Ͱͽͪ΂͸͹ͷ ͫͻ͹Β; ͸ͰͼͽͪͶͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ; ͼ;͵͹ͫ; ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β; ͳ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽͪ ͏ͻͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͵ͻͼͽͪ – ͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͏ͻ͸; ̻͹ͻ; ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒ; ͳ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒ;ͳͲΒ;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͯͪ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͼͽͪͶͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–2000.
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͇ͬͪΒ ͫͻ͹Β ͸ͰͼͽͪͶͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͺ͹ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͷͳͽͰͽͪ ͏ͻͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͵ͻͼͽͪ

ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳΒͰͯͰ͹ͫͻ͹Βͪ͹ͯͱͻͽͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͷͻͽ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪͶͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̓ͳͅ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–2000.
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳ͵͹Βͳ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ͹ͼ͹ͫͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ͊ͻͫͰ ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ΁Ͱ
͉͹ͷͰͳͯͻ
͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪ'JHVSFTSFMBUFEUPUIFQFSTPOTNJTTJOHGSPN#BMLBOTDPOGMJDUT *OUFSBUJPOBM$PNNFUUFF
oG UIF 3FE $SPT – 3FHJPOBM %FMFHBUJPO GPS 4FSCJB .POUFOFHSP .BDFEPOJB BOE "MCBOJB ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
XXXJDSDPSH.
13
̽ͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ; 7MBEB43+VHPTMBWJKF
. 1SFMJNJOBSOBQSPDFOBßSUBWB SB[BSBOKBJØUFUB
OBTUBMJIBHSFTJKPN/"50 .FǅVOBSPEOBQPMJUJLB HPEJOB- CSPK– KVM–avgust 1999: 2.

͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪ ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͻͪͯͰ͸ͪt;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͼͪͷ͹;
ͺͻͪͬͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;i ;͸;ͽͪͻ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ t;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ;͵͹ͷͰͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͰͳͻͪͼͰ
ΓͰ͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰͬͻͪͽͰͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͵;Εͪͷͪi tͯͰͷͳͶͳͽͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͇ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͶͪ΂͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪi t͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΔ;Βͪͬ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͻͰͯͪi ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;
΁ͳΒͪ ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͇͌͆ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ ; ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ –
ͳ ͯͻ ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͳ
΁ͳͬͳͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͸ͰͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪ
ͬΓͪΔ;͸ͪͼͳΓͪͳͫͰͲͪ͵͹Δͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔ;͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͊ͪͷ͹t;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯΒ;͸ͪ ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ
ͯ͹Β;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵͹
͊ͻͫͪ ͳ ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͎͌͆͏͉ ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ;i "OǅFMLPWJǀ
»ǀFQBOPWJǀ 1SMJOǁFWJǀ ͼͽͻ–
14͌ͳͼͽ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;;ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ΒͰͳ͵ͳͯ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽ͹
ͽͳ͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͊ͻͫͪ
ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͪͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪͺͪͯͪͳͷͪͶͽͻͰͽͳͻͪΔͪΓ;ͯͳ ͼͶ;΂ͪ
ΒͰͬͪͼͺͪΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͹ͺΓͪ΂͵ͪ͸ͳ΀͵;Εͪͳ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ ;͵ͻͪͯͰ͸͹ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͪ;ͽ͹ͷ͹ͫͳͶͪ
͹΃ͽͰΕͰ͸͹ ͲͪͺͪΓͰ͸͹ͳͶͳͼͻ;΃Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ͸ͪͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪ ΁ͻ͵ͪͬͪͳ
ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ̺ͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͺͪͯͳ͸ͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ
ͼͰͶͪͳͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͰ̓ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͽ͹ͭͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼ; ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͹΂ͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ ͚ͪ͵͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͈ͰΕ
͊ͻͫͳ΁ͪ ͈͹ͯ;ΒͰͬ͹ ̺;΂ͳͽͻ͸ ̻Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͬͪ΁ ͪ;͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͫͻ͹Β͊ͻͫͪ
ΒͰͼͬͰͯͰ͸͸ͪͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ ͳͼͽ͹
͆ͪͼͳΓͰ͸ͪͯ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͰͼ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͰͳ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͶͰͭͶ͹͵͹ͻ;
ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ ΃ͬͰͻ΁ͪ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪ ͯͻ͹ͭͰ ͫͰͶ͹ͭͻ͹ͫΓͪͳͯͻ ͪ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͰ͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ;̹ͳ͸̈́ͪͯͰ͸ͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ– ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰ
ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪ̓ͳͅ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͼ;;͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
͵ͪ͵͹͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͷͫ;ͯͼͷͪ͸ͪͲͪ̓ͳͪͅͅͻ͵ͪ͆͹ͬͳ΁͵͹ͭ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͲͪͼͶͪ
͸ͳ͵ͪͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͪ͌͆ ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻͪ̓̾ͳͯͰͪ ͪͶͳͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;͇ͫͻͪ
ͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽͹͸͹ͬͰͰͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͼͳΓͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͊ͻͫͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳͻ;΃ͰΔͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͳͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͳ͹ͬͪΒͺ;ͽ͵ͪ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͰͲͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͬ͹Β͸Ͱͳ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͰͷͳͼͳΒͰ͌͆́͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͳΓͰΒͰͳͲͪͲͬͪͶ͹ͯͪΓͳ
ͰͭͲ͹ͯ;ͼ͊ͻͫͪͳ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͷ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳͪͺͻͳͶͪ ͫͻ͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸͹ͻͪͼͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀
Ͷͳ΁ͪ>͵ͪ͵͹;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ– ͺͻͳͷͰͯͫͪ̿
͇@ ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ͹ΒͰ ͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ͸ͳͼ;ͱͰͶͰ
ͶͰͯͪͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯ;͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ;̹͊ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪtͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸͹ͻͪͼͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪiΒͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹
Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ͫͻ͹Βͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰͽͰ͵͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃ͳ͹ͯ ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸ͳ΀
Ͷͳ΁ͪ
̹ͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͫͪͻ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͹͊ͻͫͳͷͪͻͰ΂
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͵ͪ͹͸ͳͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͪͬͪͳͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͪ
14
̽ͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰͬͳͯͰͽͳͳ;7MBEB43+VHPTMBWJKF
.FNPSBOEVNPTQSPWPǅFOKV3F[PMVDJKF4#
6/ Βul 1999. gPEJOF. .FǅVOBSPEOBQPMJUJLB HPEJOB- CSPK– KVM–avgust 1999: 9*9.

0ͯ ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͌͆́̓ͪͅ ͵ͪ͹ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸Ͱ ͷͳͼͳΒͰ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;
͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͪΒͰͳͅͳͼͳΒͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;–
̾;ͶͰ͵ͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͪͶͳͫͰͲͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ
̾;ͶͰ͵ͼ ΒͰ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͬͳͼ͹͵ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͸ͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͺͻͰͷͪͻͪͯ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;Όͪ ͫ;ͯ;Εͳͯͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͯͰͼͳͶͳ͸ͪͯ͊ͻͫͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸
ͼ͵ͳͷͱͳͬΓͰͷ ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ ̾;ͶͰ͵ͼͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ ͹ͽͷͳ΁Ͱ ͲͶ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰΓ;ͯͳ
Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͲͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͷͰͽ͸;ͽͳ΀ͫ͹ͷͫͳ ͺͪΓͰΔͰ͵͹Ͷͪͳͯͻ ͸ͳͼ;ͻͪͼͬͰͽΓͰ͸ͳͳͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͳͻͪ͸ͳ
̾;ͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳ͸ͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͼͬͰͯ͹͵ͪ;ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͷͪͲͪͻͪͽ͸ͰͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;
ͺ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͳ΂ͳΒͰͼ;ΌͰΔͰͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶ͹;͎ͪ΃͵͹ͷͽͻͳͫ;͸ͪͶ; ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹Ͳͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪ
ͯ͹͵ͪͲͪ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ;͇ͫͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
͆͹ͬ͹ͼͬͰͽͶ͹͸ͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ
ͯͰͼͳͶͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͳ͹ͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͺͻͰͷͪ͊ͻͫͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ; ͫͪ΁ͳ͹ΒͰ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͲͬͰͼͽͳ͹΁͈ͪͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸Ͱͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ̽ͳ͵ͪͪͅͻͽͳΒͪ ͹͸Ͱ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΔͳ
ͷͪͼͪΓ;ͯͳͷͪͳ͸ͰͶͰͭͪͶ͸͹Βͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;15 ̓ͪ͹ͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ ͽͪ͵͹͸ͳͲͶ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ;̽ͳ͵ͪͪͅͻͽͳΒͪ͸ͳͼ;͸ͳͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼ;ͯ
ͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͳͻͪ͸ͳ ΃ͽ͹͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͽͲͬͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͳͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
͌ͷͰΌ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ;Ͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͳͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͼͽͪ
ͬ͹ͬͰͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
ͼ; ͿͰͫ;ͪͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͶͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̺Ͷͪͯͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰΒͰͳͼͽͰͬͰ΂Ͱͻͳͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͳͶͪ͹ͯͶ;͵;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͪ͵ͽͺͻͳͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰΒͰ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͯͪ͸ͪ ͿͰͫͻ;
ͪͻͪ ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͶ͇ͪͯͶ;͵;̺ͶͪͯͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͹ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͪ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͋ͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͼ;͹ͯͷͪ΀ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͶͰ͹͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;
΁ͰͶ͹ͷͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͶͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳtͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹i ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ̽ͻͱͪͬͰ ͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͳ ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪ ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ ́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͋;ͻͼ͵ͪ ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͪ ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪ ̽ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ ̽͹ ͷͪΒͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸;
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪΒͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͶ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͲͰͷͪΓͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁͇ͪ͌͆ͪ
͋ͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹;΁ͰͶ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪ ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͯͪͯ͹͵ͪͱͰͳͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͬ͹Β;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃;ΕͳͼͬͰͼ͸͹
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͽͳ΂;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹΃ͽ͹
ͬͪΔͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͷͰͻͪͷͪ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͪ ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ;ͽ͸ͳ΀
ͳͼͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͪΔͪͰͶͰ͵ͽͻͳ΂͸͹ͷͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒ͹ͷ ͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͻ
;Ͳ
15
͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͈ͪͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸Ͱͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ 3&4>2011@
;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͰΒͪ͸;ͪͻͪ́ͼͽͻͪͭͪ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ͸Ͱ΂͹ͬͰ΂͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ Γ;ͯͳͷͪ ͳ ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ; ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸; Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
͈͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁̽ͳ͵ͪͅͻͽͳ ͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͪ΁ ΂Ͷͪ͸͊ͪͬͰͲͪͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͪͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͪͲͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕͳͯͻ
ͼͽͻ¢

ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱͳ͸΁ͳͯͰ͸ͽͰ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͷͰͽͪΔͰͺ͹ͱͪͻͪ Ͳͪͼͽͻͪ΃ͳͬͪ
ΔͰͳͯͻ;ͭͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ; ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͳͼ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͰͯͪͳͷͪΒ;ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵Ͱͪͻ΃ͳ͸Ͱ ΒͰͯ͸ͰͲ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ͯͻ;ͭͰͲͪͼͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ ͳͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹
Βͳ ͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ ͯ͹ͫͻͰ ͬ͹ΓͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͰ΃Ͱ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳͲ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͰ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͋ͪ͵ͬ͹ ͼͽͪΔͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͲͪͲͬͪͶ͹ ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͽ͹͵͹ͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͳͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ
΃ͰΔͪͽͲͬ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͺͻͳͯͪͬͪͶͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪͶͰ͸ͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔ;
Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͼͬͳ΀tͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰi ΂ͪ͵ͳ;ͲͺͻͰͽΔ;ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͰͼͳͶͰ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͳͯͰͼͳ
Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ̸͇͆͋ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪ͹͊ͻͫͳΒ;
͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͼͳΓ; ͺͻͰͷͪ͊ͻͫͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;͵͹ΒͰͼͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͯͰΒͼͽͪͬͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔ;ͽͲͬ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ
ͬ͹ΌͰ͸͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;ͳͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ;Ͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ͊ͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳΒͰͽͪͯͪͫͳͶͪͫͳͽ͸͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ͆ͪ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬ;ΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͪͬ͹Β͸ͪͳ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͪͷͳͼͳΒͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͌͆́̓ͅͳ͍͇͉̓
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͰͼ;ͺͻͳ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ
ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͊ͻͫͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪΒͰͫͳ͹
ͬͰ͹ͷͪͶ͹΃
͈͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪͯ͹ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
;̹Ͱ΂;ͼ;ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂͵͹ͭ
ͽͳͷͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͹ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͷ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͪ͌͆ͪͅͻͽͳΒ̸ͪ΀ͽͳͼͪͻͳΒͪ ͵͹ͭͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽ;͉͹ͪ
͸ͪ ͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪ͹͊ͪͬͰͽͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌͆ ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͋͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͻ;͸ͯͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͷͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͽͰͷͰ͹͵͹Βͳͷͪ
ΒͰ ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͸͹ ͫͳͶͰ ͼ; ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳͺͻͪͬͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁͈ͪͻͰͷͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ;͹ͻͪͯ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ
΂͵͹ͭͽͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͸ͳ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͽͰͷͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͯͬͰΒ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͰ͸ͳ͈ͻͰ
ͯͶ͹Ͳͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔ;͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ;͹ͫͶͪ
ͼͽͳͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;Όͪ ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ;
͸͹ͬͳ΀͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅͼͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ΀Ͳ͹͸ͪ͹͵͹͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳ
Βͳ΀ͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͪ ΁ͻ͵ͪͬͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͳͲͷͰΌ;̓ͳͅͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͯͻ͸ͳͼ; ͫͳͶͳ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳ͸ͳ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͳ ͹ͯ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͪ͌͆̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪͶͪͻͳͭͳͯ͸ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
͹ͺ΃ͽͰͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͰͷ͹ͭͶͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳ ͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪͶͪΒͰ͹ͯͶͪͭͪΔͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ

͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪͯ͹͵ͼͰ͸ͰͻͰ΃ͳtͼͽͪͽ;ͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪi ͳͶͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͳͺͻͰͯ
Ͷ͹Ͳͳͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͱͰͶͰͶͪͯͪͳͲ͸ͰͼͰͼͬ͹Βͼͽͪͬ
́ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͪ͵͹ΒͬͻͼͽͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͹ͼͳͷ͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔ;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹
ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪͳͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͹ͯͻͱͪ
͸͹ͷ;̹Ͱ΂;Β;Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵;ͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ̹͹ͻͳͼ͋ͪͯͳΕ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͉Ͱͺ;ͫ
Ͷͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̺͹ΒͳͼͶͪͬ ̓͹΃ͽ;͸ͳ΁ͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ ̺ͶͪͯͰ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ̺;͵ ̽ͻͪ΃͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶ͹͉ͬͪ͊ ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ͍ͪͽ
ͷͳͻ͊ͰΒͯͳΒ; ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͳ̸ͭͳͷ͐Ͱ͵; ͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪΒͰͳͲͻͪͲͳͶͪͫͰͲͻͰͲͰͻͬ͸;ͼͺͻͰͷ
͸͹ͼͽͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;ͲͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;;͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͼͪ΃ͳͻ͹͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ͻ͹ͷͲͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͳͷ;ͳ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͷ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͼͽ͈ͪͬͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͫͳ͹ͯͪ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪ ͸ͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ ͹ͼͳͷ ͺ;͸Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ̺Ͷͪͯͪ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ͼͽͻ–

͈ͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂͵ͳͽͳͷ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰΒͰ;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ;͹ͼͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͳͲ͸Ͱ͹Β͹΃ͯͬͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱ͸Ͱ
͹΁Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͽ͹͵ͳͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹
ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͈ͻͬͪ ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͼͬͳ ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β ͷͰͻͳ ͫͳͶͳ ͼͪͷ͹
ͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͪͬͳ΀ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͫͰͲ͸ͪͷͰͻͰͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΌ;
ͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ̽ͻ;ͭͪΒͰͯͪΒͰͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳͲͪͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵
ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͪ ͌͆ ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͹ ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸; ͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ; ͵͹ͻͳͼͽ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
ͳͲΒͪͬͪͷͪ͹͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹Β͵ͻͳͬͳ΁ͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹;ͺͳͽͪΔͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ͵ͻͰͯͳͫͳͶͳͽͰͽ
͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ̺Ͷ͉ͪͯͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͼͽͻ–

͇ͬͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼ;Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͶ͹ͽͲͬ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ
. ͆ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͲ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ
ͱͰΓͰ ̺ͶͪͯͰ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͯͪ ;Ͳ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ̓ͳͅ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͳ
ͫ͹Γͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͲͪͼͬͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ΒͰͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͲͪͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
ͽΒͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ;Ͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ͇ͯͷͪͻͽͪͯ͹ͿͰͫ
ͻ;ͪͻͪ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸͹ΒͰ;̹ͻͳͼͰͶ;ͯͰͬͰͽͻ;͸ͯͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ΂ͳΒͰ ΒͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪͶͪͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹͉ͬͪͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼ;ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ;Ͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
͸ͳ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ͋͹͵͹ͷͽͳ΀ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͳͼ;ͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪͽͳ΂͸Ͱ͵ΔͳͭͰ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ ΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͺͰ΂ͪͽ ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͪͻ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ͏͍̾͋̾ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸; ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ; ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͳ
ͼͪͻͪͯΔ;͈ͻͳͷͰ͸ͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳΒͰͳ΃ͶͪͱͰΓͰ͸͹ͷͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷ́Ͳͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͲͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽͳ

̺ͳͯͰͽͳ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ ́ͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͹ ͻͪͯ; ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ΂͵͹ͭͽͳͷͪͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͷ
ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪͯ͹ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ͹ͷ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ
̺Ͷ͉ͪͯͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̹ͻ͹Β ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͪͻ ͼͽͻ¢14.

ͼ;͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͲͷͰΌ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ;Ͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ͌ͳͷͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻΒͰͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ̓Ͱͽͻͳ͸̾΃ͽ͹͸ ͬͳͼ͹͵ͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͪ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰͲͪͼͺ͹Γ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ̽ͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒ;̺ͶͪͯͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͬ͹ͯͳ͹
ΒͰ́ͬͳ΁ͪ̽ͪ΂ͳΕ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̺ͶͪͯͰ ͪͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
͎ͪ΃ͳͷ ͋ͪ΂ͳ ͈͹ͼͶͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͪͺͻͳͶͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΒͰ ͺͪͻͪͿͳͻͪ͸ ͺͻͬͳ ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͹
ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃;͸͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͲͷͰΌ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͽͲ̹ͬͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵ͳ
ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ́ͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ΃Ͱͼͽ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ
ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ
ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻͪ
ͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳ΂ͳ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹
͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;ΌͰ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͳ
͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷΒͰ;ͽͬͻͯͳ͹
ͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪͺͶͪ͸ͪͲͪͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͻ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ
17 ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͫͪͬͰ
Ͳ;Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽ͵ͪͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͳ΁ͳͳͽͰͶͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
͇ͯͽͪͯͪͺͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪ ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔ̹ͪͻͳͼͰͶ
ͼ͵͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͻ;ͭͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͰ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ
ͫͳͶ͹͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͽͲͬͯͻͱͪͬ͸;ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͰ ͽΒ͸Ͱͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔ;
͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͳͷͪΒ;Βͪͬ͸;ͳͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹
͸Ͱ΂ͳΔͰΔͰͼͰͽ͹ͶͰͻͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͱ͹ͯͶͪͭͪΔͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ͊ͺ͹ͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͪ͌ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ;ͼͰͬͻ΃ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͬͻͼͽͰͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
͵͹Βͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͳ͵͹ΒͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͰͽͲͬ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ
͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼͰ͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰͯͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͳͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͽͪ͵͹Ͳ
ͬͪ͸;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͼͪͷͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͰ͵͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳ͊ͻͫͳ
Βͳͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ;Β;ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ͸ͪͯͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͼͬͰ͉ͭͪͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ͇͌͆
͇ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͽͳ ͸ͪͫ͹ΓͰ ͽΒ ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳͼͬ͹Βͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͳͺ;͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒΒͰͯͳ͸͹;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸
΁ͳͳͲͭ;ͫͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͻͪͳͫ;ͯ;ͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͳͯͪͼ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ͹ͷͽͻͪͱͰ͹ͫ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪ
ͽΓͳͬͪ ͪͲͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
17
̺ͳͯͰͽͳ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ t͈ͻͬͳ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͹ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃; ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪi ̺ͳͯͰͽͳ
ͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰt͈Ͷͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͹͸͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱi̺ͳͯͰͽͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ
t̸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͼͪ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; – ͇ͺ΃ͽͰ
͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳi XXXOTQNSTEPLVNFOUJ

ͅ͹ͭ;Εͳ ͼͽͻͪ΀ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͹ͯ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪ ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͶͰͱͳ ;
͹ͯͻͰͯͫͪͷͪ ͊ͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ;ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͆ͪͳͷͰ ;ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽ; ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ
̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͼͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ
̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͬͻ΃ͰΔͰΒͪͬ͸ͳ΀Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ;΁ͳΓ;Βͪ΂ͪΔͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͬͻ΃ͰΔͰͺ;͸͹ͭ
͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻͪ ͻͪͯͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹Β ͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸͹Β ͳ
ͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͹Β ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ ; ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ;ͻͫͪ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͻ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͪ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔ; ͷͰͻͪ Ͳͪ
ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͼ͵ͶͪͺͪΔͰ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹
ͼͪͻͪͯΔͳ ͼͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷ ͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͳ ͯͻ ͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ͺͻͰͷͪ
t̸ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͼͪ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͺͻͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; – ͇ͺ΃ͽͰ
͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳiXXXOTQNSTEPLVNFOUJ.

***
́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͽ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͳͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͳ ͺͻͪͬͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰͽ͵ͳ΀ ͪ͵͹͸ͰͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀
ͳ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪͼͽͰ͵͸ͰͼͬͰ͸ͳͬ͹Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ– ͹ͯ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷ
ͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭ– ͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ͳͯͪͳͷͪͼͬ͹ͭͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ
΃ͰͿͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸Ͱ ͻͪ΂;͸ͪΒ;Εͳ ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͪͿͳͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͷͰͻͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪͶͪ ͼ
΁ͳΓͰͷͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͳͼ;͸ͳ͹ͯ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͳͽͳ
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͼͪͷͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͪͬͰΕͳ͸;
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰͺ͹͵Ͷ͹ͺͰ ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪΔͳ͸ͰͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͺͻͰͯͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ̸͊̽ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͼͰ ͸Ͱ ͫͳͻͪΒ; ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹͵ͻͳͬͳͶͪ
ͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͽΒ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͪ͹͵͹͸ͪ΂ͪ͸΁ͳΓ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ– ͹ͽ΁ͰͺΓͰΔͰ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͹ͯͺͻͬͳ΀Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼ
ͽͪ ͲͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͺͪͯ͹ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ;̹ͻͳͼͰͶ;ͺ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰͳ;ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͬͻͰͷͰ ΒͰͼ;
– ͸ͰͭͳͻͪΔͰͼͬͳ΀ͷͰͻͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͶͪ;ͪͿͳͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͳͺͻͪͬͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ; ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ Ϳͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵͹ ͳͲΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͼͪ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ;ͬͻͰͷͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ͍͉ͪ͊͠

– ͸ͰͺͻͳͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ; ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ
ͼͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸ͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ͳͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͽͲͬ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ
– ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪ͵͹Β;ͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͬͰͶͳ ͸ͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͲͪͶͪͭͪΔͰ Ͳͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ΒͰͫͳ͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͽ͹͵͹ͷͽͲͬͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ
;͉ͪͷͫ;ΒͰ;ͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ;̹Ͱ΂;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

– ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͰͱͰͶͳͯͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳ ͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ
΂ͪ͵͸ͳ͹͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͼͪͷͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪ
ͽͳͶͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓ ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ–͉;ͭ͹ͬͪ ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͳͶͳ ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͯͰͶ;͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ

– Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͺ͹ͯͻ΃΁ͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰ̸ͭͪ͊̽ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͯͳͭ͸;ͽͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ͸ͳͬ͹
ͫ͹ͻͫͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹
ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪΒͰ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹t;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰͺͻͪ
ͬͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱi ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͽͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͪ͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͯͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͲͰͷ
ΓͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹͈͹ͬͰΓͳ͇͌͆ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ; ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ;Β;͊ͻͫͳΒ;

– ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͲͪͻͰͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;19 ̀ͪͽ͹ͼ;ͳͺ͹ͷͪͭͪͶͰͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͬ͹Β͸͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͳͲͪͽ͹ͼ;ͫͻ;ͽͪͶ͸͹ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪͶͰ͊ͻͫͳΒ;
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͫͰͲ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͊ͪͬͰͽͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌͆
– ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪΒͰͼͽͰͳͺͻͳ͸;ͯ͸͹ͳͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͪͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ̓ͳ͇ͯͅͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͪ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͹ͽͳͷͪΔͪͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͻ;΃Ͱ
Δͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͯͻ ͺͻͰ΃Ͷ͹ͼͰ͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͪͳ͸ͰͪͶ
ͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͋ͪΒ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ΒͰ ͫͳ͹ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͪͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͪͶͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͼ; ;ͺͶͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͪ͊ͻͫͪͳͷͪͶͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵; Βͪͬ͸;ͳ
ͺͻͰΕ;ͽ͸;
ͲͰͷͪΓ̸͇͈ͪ͆͋ͪͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ΂ͳͼͽ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸ ͼͪͷ͹ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͆ͳ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱ΂ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵͹ͻ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵;ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ
– ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͬ͹ͯͰͺ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷ̾͌͹ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͪ;ͼͺͰ΀ͯ͹͵ͶͰͭ͹ͯ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸Ͱͫ;ͯ;ͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸ͳͯͪ
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ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͈ͪͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͲͪͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ
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KEYWORDS: NJOPSJUZJTTVF NJMJUBSZJOUFSWFOUJPO EPVCMFTUBOEBSET UBMLT GSP[FODPOGMJDU

̸̸̸̹͈̺͇̺́͆̈́́ͣ͡ͅ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ ¢̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ
̸̸̸̸̺͉̀͆͐͆͊͋̾͌̀́͐̓̾̓͌̈́͋͌̾͌͠ͅ
̸͇̺͈͐͌͌͊̾͢͏͍͇͇͇̺͇́́͐͆͊͋́̓͊͊̓
̸͇͎͇̻͉͇͇̻͇̻̾͋́͊̓͆̽͆͌̀́͐̓͠ͅͅ
̸̸̸̸̺͉̺͈͉͇͊͋̈́͑͋͌͏̸̸̻͇̹̾͊͌̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌ͻͪͯ;ͼͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;͹΂;ͬͪΔ;ͼͺͰ
΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͏ͳΓ
ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ;ͽͬͻͯͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͽͳ ͹΂;ͬͪΔ; ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͳͲͻͪͲͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͊ͻͫͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓ͇ͪ΂;ͬͪΔͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͺͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹
ͯ͸͹ͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͳͽͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ̀ͪ͵Γ;
΂Ͱ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͼͬ͹ͭͪͻͪͯͪ– ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪΔͰ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͳͲͬ͹
ΌͰΔͰ ͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰͷ;Ͳͳ͵ͰͳͯͰ΂ΒͰͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹– ͺͻ;ͱͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪ
ΔͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͷ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͌
ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ;͹ͬͰͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͰͺͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͪΒͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͽͰ͹ͻͳKͼ͵Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ
Ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹
̺͇͌̽
͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼͰ ͹ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬΓͪ ͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
1
biljana.pavlovic@ZBOEFY.ru
2
͉ͪͯΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ ́́́t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ Ͱͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͵͹Βͳ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ͳ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ

;͸;ͽͪͻ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ͸ͪΒ͹ͺ΃ͽͳΒͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱt͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ
͸͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ΃͹ΒͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳ ͽΒ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ
ͳ͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͪͼBͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹i ͆ͰͯͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽͹͵ͼͰ
ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͷͪͽͻͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͰ͵͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ͵͹Βͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͪ͵ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͽͰͽΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͼͰͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪͼͳͶͪ͵͹Βͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ
ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ̹;ͽͳ͸΂ͳ͸͹ͬ ͼͽͻ¢
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹
ͻͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͰͱͳ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃
ΓͰΔ; ͌ͻ͹΃ͪ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͪ ͳͲͬ͹ͻ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ͷ͸͹ͭͰ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ ͼͬͰͽͪ ΒͰͻ ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͳ
t͸Ͱͭͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪi ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͪ
͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪͽͳͼͰͳͯͪͼ;͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͳͼͪͻͪͯΔͪͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ;ͼͬͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔ; ͳ ͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸͹ͬͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸¢ͭͶ͹
͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵;ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;Ϳͻͪͭ
ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͽͰͱͰΕͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ
ͽͰͽͪ̓ͪ͹ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͬ;ͽͰͱΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͷͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͽͻͪ
ͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͈ͻͰͷͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭ;ͅͳͶͰͽ;͉ͪ͵ͳΕ; ͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪΔͪ;ͼͬͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ tͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪͳ͹ͯͻͱͪΔͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͼͬͪ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳ
ͽͰͽͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͇ͬͳͷͼͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ
ͽͰͽ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ΔͰͷ;͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Γͳͬ͹ ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͳͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸͹i ͉ͪ͵ͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͳ
ͬͪΔͰͲ͸ͪΔͪ͹ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͅͳͶͪ͸͆ͰͯͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͳͷͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;͈ͻͰͷͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͼ;ͯ; ͹͸ͪΕͰΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
tͪ
ͼͬ͹Β͹ͷ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͷͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹΃Ε;͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͬͪ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͫ
͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͺͻͰͷͪ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳ
ͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͫͳͽ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰi
͆ͰͯͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
́ͯͻ;ͭͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹Ͳͳ ͳͼͽͳ΂;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪͳͺͻͰ
͸͹΃ͰΔͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ΃ͽ͹ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ
ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͊ͪͻͪΒͶͳΕ
͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵ͪ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭ ̀͹ͻͪ͸ ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͯͪ ͼ;
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͳͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ
͇͸ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͼ; ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ t;͵͹ͻͰΔͳͬͪΔͰ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ
΃͵͹ͶͰ ; ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳi ̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪΒ΁ͳΓͼͰ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͺͻͰͷͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭ;͠͹ͬͪ͸;̹ͪͲͳ
Ε; ͺ͹ͼͽͳͱͰͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪt͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ΃ͳͻͳͼͬͰͼͽ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͷͳͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ΔͰ͸ͳͷͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪi ̹ͪͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͷ

̸̸̸̹͈̺͇̺́͆̈́́ͣ͡ͅ: ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;͹΂;ͬͪΔ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ΔͰ͸͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͼ
ͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͳΒ͹΃͹ͯͻͪ͸͹ͭͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬͪ
ͅ;Ͳͳ͵ͪΒͰ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͫͳͶͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͬͰͻͰ ͽͻͪ
ͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪͳͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͹͸ͪΒͰ;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͶͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ; ͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;
͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ̹ͪͲͳΕ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ¢
͌
΁ͳΓ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͪͼͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͰ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ; ͼ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͳ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹ͷ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͈ͻͳͷͰΕͰ͸͹ ΒͰ
ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͪ͸ͳͼ;;Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Ε͹ΒͷͰͻͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͼͪͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹
ͻͪ ͽͰͯͪ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͷ;Ͳͳ͵;͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ
;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;ͻ͹ΌͰ͸ͳͳ;͵͹ΒͰͷͱͳͬͰ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ͸ͳͼ;ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳ;ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͷͪͳ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ– ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͳ΂Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;– ͹ͽͬͪͻͪ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͲͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͽ;Όͳ΀ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪ ΃ͽ͹;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͯͪͯ͹ͬͰͯͰͯ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͼͬ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͽͰͯ͹ͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͪ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͋͹ͷͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͳͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͳ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ ; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β ͷͰͻͳ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸; ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳ ̹ͪͻ͸Ͱͽ ͳ ̓ͪͬͪ͸ͪ
̹ͪͻ͸Ͱͽͳ̓ͪͬͪ͸ͪ ͼͽͻ¢
;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳͶͳͼ;͸ͪ͹ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͳͬͪΔͰͳͭ;ͫΓͰΔͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹Ͳͳͼ;ͯ;ͱ͸ͳ
ͯͪ;ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͻͰͪͭ;Β;ͳͯͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͸ͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ
ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͵͹ΒͰͷ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ; ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͶ; ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͳͽ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͽͳͳͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ
ͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂
͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰͳΓ;ͫͪͬͺͻͰͷͪ
ΔͰͷ; ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ͹΂;ͬͪΔ;
̸̸̸͈͇̺͈͌̀͆̾͊͊̾͢͏̸͍͇͇͇̺͇͇͎͇̻́́͐͆͊͋́̓͊͊̓̾͋́͊̓͠ͅͅ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͇͇̻͇̻̺͉̺̺͉͆̽͆͌̀́͐̓͊͋̈́͑͋͌͆͊͋́͌̀́͐̓̾̓͌̈́͋͌̾ͅͅ
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ
΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͺ͹ͺͰͬ͵Ͱ ͹ͻͼ͵ͰͳͭͻͰͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ ̽ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽ͪͫͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪ
ͼͽͰ͵͸;΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ;ͼͶͳ͵;͹ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͷͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͳ΀;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͼ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼ
ͽͳ΂͸ͳͷͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͳͭͪͻͪ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͼͪ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪͳͲͼͬͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹ͬBͲͰͷΓͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͪ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸Ͱͭ;ΒͰͬͪ͸ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͏ͻ͸͹Β
̻͹ͻͳ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͳ
͇ͫͳ΂͸͹ͼͰͲͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͼͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͺͰͼͪͷͪͳͳͭͪͻͪͳͲͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ;͵͹Β͹Β;΂Ͱ͸ͳ
΁ͳͱͳͬͰ ͪͲͪͽͳͷͳ΀ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪͽͳͼͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͳ
͸ͪ͆ͪͯͪ́ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼ;ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪtͺͻ͹Ͳ͹ͻ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ

΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽi ́ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇͸ͳ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ
͹ͼͬͰ΃ΕͳͬͪΔ;ͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔ;͹ͼͰΕͪΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͷͳͼͶͪ ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͊ͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ Ͱͽ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪ͸͹ΒͰ;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷ̺ͪͶͪͯͳͷͳͻ͚ͪ͹ͻ
ΌͰͬͳΕͪ
͊ͽͰͬͪ͸ͪ ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔ΁ͪ
̓͹ͼͽͰ ͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕͪ
ͅͳͶ͹Βͪ ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͪ

͡;ͫͳ΁Ͱ ͳ ̽ͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͅͳ͹ͯͻͪͭͪ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕͪ
̽ͻͪͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͪ
̽ͰͬͳΕͪ
͡ͳΓͪ͸Ͱ͈Ͱ΃ͳΕ
ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀Ͱͽ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͳͪ͵͹ͼ;͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬͰ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸Ͱ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͰͼͽͰͽͼ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͰͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰ͹͸͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹
ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸͹ ͋͹ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β; ͳ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹
ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ; ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵͹Β ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͬͻͰͯͪ͸
ͳͬͪͱͪ͸ͯͰ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷͪ ͲͻͰͶ͹΃Ε; ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͷͳͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹΃Ε; ΒͰͻΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪ͹ͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͹ͼͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͬͰ͵͹ͬͰ ΂;ͬͪΒ;Εͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͺͪͷΕͰΔͰ̽ͪͫͳͭͪ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͳͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͳ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ
ͫ;ͯ;;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͼ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪ͹ͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͹ͼͰ ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸͹;
͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͷ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ Ͷͳ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͌ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵; ͻͪͯͪ ΕͰ ͫͳͽͳ ͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ– ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹
ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪΔͰͳͯͰ΂ΒͰͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹

ͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ
͈͹ͯͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ͹ͺͰͬͪΔͰ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͭͪͻͪͳͼͬͳͻͪΔͰ͸ͪ
ͯͰ΂Βͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ;;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͪͯͻ
ͱͪΒͳͷͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͰ͸ͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͺͼͳ΀͹ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͷͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹
ͼͽͳͷͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ;Ͳͻͪͼͽͪ ́Ͳͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͺͰͼͷͰ ͳ ͳͭͻͰ ͼͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂ͪ͸ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͳͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂͵ͳ
ͳͲͻͪͲ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪ;͹΂ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͰ͹ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪͳͳͭͪͻͪ. ͌ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͼ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͳͭͻͪͷͪ ͽͻͰͫͪ ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳͽͳ ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳͷ ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪΒͰͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ͹ͷ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹
ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͸͹΃ΔͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͬͪͱͪ͸ͯͰ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͊ͬͳ
ͻͪΔͰ͸ͪͳͷͺͻ͹ͬͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͯͰ΂Βͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
ͫΓ;ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ΕͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͪΕͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
͌ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͼ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͼͷͰ
͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪΔͰͷͰͽ
ͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ͇ͪͬͪ͵ͬͪ͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͯͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪΒ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ
͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭ͸ͪͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͺͰͼͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ͺͪͺͻͳ
Ͷͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͯͰ ͺͰͼͪͷͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͽͻͰͫͪ ;͵ͪͲͪͽͳ͸ͪ ͹ͬ;ͺ͹Βͪͬ; ̽ͰͬͳΕ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪͯͪ ; ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͰͼͷͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;ͳ͸͹ͬ͹΃ͽ͹͵ͪͬͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͽͪͻ͹΃ͽ͹͵ͪͬͼ͵͹ͷ

ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;͈ͻͰͷͪΔͰͷ; ͺͻͬͳΒͰͰ͵ͪͬͼ͵ͳ ͸ͺͻ͸Ͱͼͪͷ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹͸ͳͼͪͷ
ͪͯͻ;ͭͳΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸
ͼ͵ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͵͹Βͳͳͷͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;͹ ;Βͪ ͸ͺͻͫͳΒͪ ͬͳͯͰΒͪ ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈ͰͼͷͰ͵͹ΒͰͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;Β;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͲͪͺͪͱͪΔͰͼ; ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͑ͽ͹ ͽͳ ͵͹ͼͰ ͲͪͷͻͼͰ͸Ͱ ͳ̺ͪͻͪΒ ͊ͽͪ
ͷͰ͸͹ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͐Ͱͼͽͪͼ;͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ͹ͯͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ͸͹ͭ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͭͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳ;͹ͫͶͳ
΁ͳͷͪͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͭͰ͸ͳͽͳͬͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪͰ͸͵Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͪͽͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͭ; ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͲͪͺͪͲͳͽͳ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;ͺͰͼͷͳͅ͹ͻͰ ΂ͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͷͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͳ΃ͪΓ͵;
͆;΃ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌ ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ ͺͰͼͷͪͷͪ ͼ; ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͻͰ΂ͳ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͽ;ͻͼ͵͹
ͺͰͻͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ͪ΂ͰͼͽͪΒͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻΒͰ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;;Ͳͬͳ΁ͳͷͪͳ;ͼ͵Ͷͳ΁ͳͷͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͹Ϳ
ͪͷͪ͸ ͷ͹ͻͰ Θͪ͸ͷ ͳͼͶ͈ͻͳͷͰͻͳͺͰͼͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;Β;͹ͬ;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵;ͼ; ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͦͪ͸;ͷ
͸ͪ ͼͻͰͯ ͼͰͶ͹ ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔͪ΁ ͼͽͻ
͑ͽ͹ ͽͪΒ ͼ͹͵ͪ͵ ͪͷͪ͸ ͸ͪ ͵ͪͻͪ͸ͿͳͶ ͷͳͻͳ΃Ͱ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͼͷͰΒͰͼͽͰͳͽ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;
ͼͽͳ΀ͪͳͶͳͼͽͻ͹ͿͰͺͰͬͪ΂ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͯͪΒ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͯ;ͭ͹ ͳi̹ͰͶͰͱͰΕͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͼͷͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ
͊ͽͰͬͪ͸ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔͪ΁ΒͰ;͹΂ͳ͹ͯͪͺͰͬͪ΂ͳͲͪ͹ͬ͹ ͳi ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;͹ͫͳ΂͸͹͹ͯͲͪͬͻ΃͸͹ͭͽ͹͸ͪͺͰͼͷͰ͹͵ͽͪ
ͬ; ͷͪͶ;ͼͰͺͽͳͷ; ͷͪͶ;ͼͰ͵ͼͽ; ͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳ;ͷͪΔͰ͸;͵ͬͳ͸ͽ;͸ͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͳͽ͹ͿͪͶͼͰͽ͹ͷ ͺͪ͹͸ͯͪ͹ͯͽ͹ͭ
ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭͽ͹͸ͪͳͯ;͸ͪ͸ͳͱͰͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ ͸ͪͶͳ͵͸ͪͺ͹ͻͽͪͷͰ͸ͽ͹
͹ͽͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͰΒͰͯ͸;ͽͰͻ΁;ͳ͵ͬͪͻͽ;i
ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔͪ΁ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ; ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵; ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͺͰͼͷͰ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͺͰͼͷͰ̓ͻ͹΃ ͵ͻ͹΃Δͳ΁Ͱ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͅͳ͹ͯͻ̺ͪͭͪͼͳ
ΓͰͬͳΕ Ͱͽ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͰͼͪͷͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͪͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͯ;ͻ; ΀ͳͺ͹ͷͳ͵ͼ͹ͶͳͯͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͶͰͼͽͬͳ΁ͳ
ͳ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͷͯ;ͻ; ͫͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͶͰͼͽͬͳ΁ͳ
̓ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸; ͶͰͼͽͬͳ΂͸; ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ΀ͳͺ͹ͷͳ͵ͼ͹ͶͳͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͶͰͼͽͬͳ΁Ͱ ;΂Ͱ
͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳͺͰͬͪΔͰͷͺͰͼͷͰ̽;͸ͳ ͷͳ ͯ;͸ͳ ͶͪΌͪ͸Ͱ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͯ͹͵ͫͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹Ͷ ͵͹Βͳ ; ͼͰͫͳ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸; ͼͰ͵;͸ͯ; ͷ͹ͭ; ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ ͺͰͼͷͰ ̸ΒͯͰ
̓ͪͽ͹ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͺͰͼͷͰ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͰ ͺ͹ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͷ
ͻͳͽͷ;͆ͪͳͷͰ ;ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͷͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ΒͰͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳͻͳͽͪͷ – ͷͰͽͪ
ͻͳͽͪͷ ͵͹Βͳ Ͳͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͳͷͪ ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͰͻ͸; ͻͳͽͷͳ΂͵; ͺ;Ͷͼͪ΁ͳΒ; ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

ͅͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͰ ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻͪͽͳ ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬ ͻͳͽͪͷ ͵͹Βͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃; ͹ͼͷͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͳͶͳ ΃Ͱͼ͸ͪͰͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
͸͹ͽ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͻ;ͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͳͳͺ͹ͯͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ͽͻ͹ͯͰͶ ͳͯͬ͹ͯͰͶ
ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͪ
ͷͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ͇ͪ͸ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰt͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪͺͰͬͪͷͰͶͳͲͷͪͽͳ΂
͵͹ ΃ͪͻͪΔͰ ͳͼͽ͹΂Δͪ΂͵͹ͭ ͽͳͺͪ ͉ͰΓͰͿ ͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͳ ͯͪΒ; ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͽͳ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͳ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͰͬͪ΂
ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼͬͳͷ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͳͲ͸ͰͼͰ͸ͳͷi ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌
ͺͰͼͷͪͷͪͼͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͻͰΕͰͻͳͽͪͷ ͳͶͳ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͻͰͫͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ
͸ͪͽͳͼͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳΒͳͷͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪͺͰͼͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯͶͳ͵;Β;ͷͰͽͪͻͳͽͷ͹ͷ ͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯΔͳ΀ͼ;̻;ͼͽͪ
ͷͳ ͷͪͭͶͪ ͺͪͯ͸ͪͶͪ ã ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͽͪͻͳ͸΂Ͱ ͯͰͬ͹Β΂Ͱ ã ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͰͺ͹ΒͪͶ͹ ͷ͹ͻ ͺͳͶͰ͸΁Ͱ ã ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͻͰͯ͹ͬͳ΀ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;΂Ͱ
͸ͳ΁ͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͰͼͰ͹ͼ͵Ͱͳͭͻͪͯͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͼͷͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ
ͺͰͬͪΒ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͶͪͼ͸͹

͊Ͱ͹ͼ͵ͰͺͰͼͷͰͼ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͰͭͻͪΌͰͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ; t͹ͯͳ΃;͸Ͱ΂ͳͷͳͼ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹͸ͪ΃ͳͷ
ͻͪͼ͸ͳͷ;ͼͰͫͳ͵ͻͳΒ;͵Ͷͳ΁;͸ͪ΃ͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͷΒͰͫͳͶͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ;ͺͻͪͯ͹ͷ͹
ͬͳ͸ͳͳ͵͹Β;ͼͷ͹ͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͯ͹͸ͰͶͳ͸ͪͽͶͰͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭ͸ͪͼͰΓͪi ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͰͷͰͶ͹
ͯͳΒͰͼ;ͷ͹ͯͪͶ͸ͰͶͰͼͽͬͳ΂͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ;ͼ͵͹ͭͪͷͫͳͽ;ͼͪ͹ͯͯͬͪͯ͹ͺͰͽͽ͹͸͹ͬͪͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱͼ;ͭͻͪ
ΌͰ̻ͻͪͯͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͰͼͷͰͼ;Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹΃ͳͻͰͭͪͷͫͳͽ;ͼͪ ͫ;Β͸ͳΒͰͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͷͰͶ͹ͯͳ
ΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͰͷͰͶͳͲͷͰͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸; ͼͰ͵;͸ͯ;͇ͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹Β͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͺͰͼ
ͷͳ ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͺͳ΃Ͱ t̻ͻͪͯͼ͵ͪ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ΃ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͼͶ͹Β ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͶͪ ΒͰ ͼͽͪͻͰ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹
͸ͪ΃ͰͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͼͪΒͪ΂Ͱͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳͷͳͪͼͳͷͳͶ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͳͷͪͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͲͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳ
ͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹ ͳͲ ͳͼͽ͹΂Δͪ΂͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͼͿͰͻͰi ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͰ ͺͰͼͷͰ ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ
͸ͪͲͳͬͪ͸ͪ΃ͳͷͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͰͼͷͪͷͪ ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀ΒͰ͊ͳͷͫͳͶ ΁ͬͰΕͰ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͵ͪ͹
ͽͳͺͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰͻͭͻͪͯͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͰͼͷͰ
͌ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͼ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͭͪͻͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ;ͫͰͶͰͱͰΔ;ͳͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͭͪͻͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͯͪͶͰͼ;
Ͱͽ͸͹͵͹ͻͰ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ͡;ͫͳ΁ͪͳ̽ͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ͌ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͲͫͳͻ͵ͪͷͪ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͳͭͻͰ ** ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸
͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͳ ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͳͭͻͰ 7* ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ ͼ; ͹ͺͳͼͪͶͰ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͳͭͻͰ
͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ͌ͳͭͻͪ΂͵͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͳͭͻͰͼͪͺͰͬͪΔͰͷ
ͅ͸͹ͭͰ ͼ; ͯͻͰͬ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ͳ ͽͰͷͰΓͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹Β ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͯ͹ͯ͹ͶͰ ͶͪͲͪͻͳ΁Ͱ
͵͹ͶͰͯͪͳͯͻ;ͭͰ
́Ͳͬ͹ΌͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͳ;Ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸;ͺͻͪͽΔ;͸ͪͼͬͳͻͪͶͪͷͪ ͫͳͶͫͳͶ ͯ;ͯ;͵ͳͯͬ͹
Βͪ͸͵Ͱ
Ͳͪͽͳͷ ;Ͳ ͽͪͺͪ͸ ͯͰͿ ͯͪͳͻͰ ͯͪͻͪͫ;͵Ͱ Ͳ;ͻͶͰ ͳ ͭͪΒͯͰ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͵ͪ͹;ͯͪͻͪ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͳͽͰͺͼͳΒͪ ͈Ͱ΃ͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͇ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹ͯͪΒͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͳͭͻͰͺͻͪͽͳ͹͹ͻ͵Ͱͼͽͪͻͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ
͵ͪ͹t΂ͪͶͭͳΒͰi ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͪ;ͼͬ͹ͷͼͪͼͽͪͬ;ΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͬͳ͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱ ͵Ͷͪͻͳ͸Ͱͽ ͯͰͿ
ͳͶͳͯͪͳͻͰ
͌͵͹ͻͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͭͪͻͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪͼ;ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳͳ
Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬͳ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͳͭͻͰ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺ
ΓͰ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͳ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹͵͹Ͷ͹ ͼͪͼ͹Ͷ͹ͳͭͻͪ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ͵ͻ;ͭͪ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸
ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͳͷͪͳͭͪͻͪͼ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͷͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ;̺;΂ͳͽͻ͸;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͻ͹͵͹ΒͰ
͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ ͯͰͬ͹Β͵Ͱ ͯ͹͵ ͳ΀ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͌ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ
ͳͭͻͪͷͪͳͭͻͪ΂ͳͼ;ͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ;ͯͬͰ͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷ͸ͰͬͻͼͽͰ̓ͻͰΕ;ͼͰΒͰͯ͸ͳͺͻͰͷͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪͳͷͳͷ͹ͳ
ͶͪͲͰ͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰͼ;ͳͳͭͻͰ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͭͻ;ͺͪͳͭͻͪ΂ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ;ΒͰͶ;͵ͳͼͺ͹ͯ͵͹ͭͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰ͌͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͪ
ΒͰͺͪ͵Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͳͳͭͻͪΔͰ;ͺͪͻ͹ͬͳͷͪ̓ͪ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͼ͹Ͷ͹ͳͭͻͪΔͪͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰ͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳͯ͹ͯ͹ͶͰ ͳͶͳ
ͶͪͲͪͻͳ΁Ͱ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͳͭͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪͳͶͳͯͬͰͯͰͬ͹Β͵Ͱ ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͼͽͳͶ͹ͷͼͰ͹ͯͶͳ͵;Β;ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͳͭͻͰ̽ͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳ͡;ͫͳ΁ͪͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕͼ;ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͳͶͰͯͪ;Δͳͷͪͳͭͻͪ΂ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͳͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͼͽͬͰ͸
ͼͽͪͬ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ; ͷͰ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͳͷͪ ͻ;͵; ͳ ͵͹ͻͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵Ͱ ͯ;ͱͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸΁ͳ
ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ ͹ͯͷͰͻͰ͸͹ ͳ ͼͷͳͻͰ͸͹ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͱͰ͸Ͱ ͳ
ͯͰͬ͹Β͵Ͱ;ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͭͻͪͷͪͳͭͻͪͶͰ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹͹ͯͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁ͪ̀ͪͳͭͻͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ͵ͻͪΒͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ
΂͸͹ ΒͰ tͲͫͳΒͰ͸͹ ͯͻͱͪΔͰ ͳͭͻͪ΂ͪ ; ͹ͻ; ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ;΀ͬͪͽͰ Ͳͪ ͻ;͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͹ͯ ΃ͪ͵ͪ ͯ͹ Ͷͪ͵ͽͪ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹

ͺͻͳΓ;ͫͰΒͰͯ͸;;Ͳͯͻ;ͭ;i ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͯͪͼ;ͼͰ
ͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͳͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͯͻͱͪͶͳͲͪͻͪͷͰ͸ͪͳͶͳͲͪͺ͹Βͪͼ̻͌ΔͳͶͪ͸;ͼ; ͵ͪ͹ͳ;͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸; ͯͰͬ͹Β͵Ͱͳ
ͱͰ͸ͰͳͭͻͪͶͰ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹͹ͯͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁ͪ͋͹ΒͰ ͺ͹͸ͪͬ͹ΌͰΔ;͡;ͫͳ΁Ͱͳ̽ͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͫͳ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸
͹ͯ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ΂;ͬͪΔͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͰͬ͹Βͪ͵ͪ͹ͯ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͼ;
Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ ͳͼͽͰ ͳͭͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͌ ͈ͰΕͳ ͼͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸; ͳͭͻͰ
ͳͭͻͪͶ͹ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽ͹͵͹Ͷ͹̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͭͪͻͪ ;ͺͰΕ͵͹ΒͳͭͻͳΒͰ;͹΂ΓͳͬͪͬͰΕͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ
;ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔ;ͬͰͼͰͶ͹ͭͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰΔ͈ͪͰͼ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͼ;;ͳͭͻͪͷͪͼͪͺͰͬͪΔͰͷͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳͳ
;Βͪ͵͹Βͼ;ͬͰͲͳͼͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷΓ;ͯͳ͌ΔͳͷͪͺͻͰ͹ͬͶͪΌ;Β;Γ;ͫͪͬ͸ͳͳͼͬͪͯͫͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͽͳ
ͬͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͪ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͼ;Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ΀;ͷ͹ͻͪ́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;Ͱͽ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ
͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ΒͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͳͭͪͻͪͼͪͺͰͬͪΔͰͷͼͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
͹͸Ͱͼ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ;;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͹ͯͯ͹ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ ¢
͌ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵; ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͷ͹ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷ
;Ͳͻͪͼͽ;– ͇ΕͰ ΒͰͱ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͱͰ͸ͳ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇Β ̈́ͪͲͪͻͰ ̈́ͪͲͪͻͰ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͳͭͻͪ ͷͳ ͯͳͬ͸͹ ͵͹Ͷ͹ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͑ͽ͹ ͷͳ ΒͰ
ͷͰͻͪ͵ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͋Ͱ͵Ͷͪ ͷͳ ΒͰ Ͷͪͯ͸ͪ ͬ͹ͯͪ ͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͋Ͱͭ͸ͪΒ ͷͳ ͹ͻ͹ ͷ͹ͻͳ ̹͹Βͪ͸͹ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͠; ͫ͹ͼͽͪ͸ ͽͰ ͬͳͯ͹ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͉Ͱ΂Ͱ ΂ͳ΂ͪ ͯͪ ͷͰ ͱͰ͸ͳ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͳͯͻ;ͭͰ
͌ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͼͪͳͷͺͻ͹ͬͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͯͰ΂Βͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
̾ͽ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭ͋ͪͽ͹ͷͳͻ̺;͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳΕΒͰͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ͹ͳͷͺͻ͹ͬͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͯͰ΂
Βͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͈ͻͰͷͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ
ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸ͪ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸Ͱ
Ͳͬ;͵͹ͬͰ ;Ͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺͰͬͪͶ͹ͳͶͳͳͭͻͪͶ͹̺;͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͽͪ͵͹͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰͲ;΂ͪͶ͹ Ͳͬͻ΂͵;
΂Ͱ΃ͪΓͳ΀ͪͻͽͳΒ;
ͷͪ΂;ͭͰͳͯͻ;ͭͰ̀ͬ;΁ͳͼ;ͼͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͶͳͳ;ͯͪͻͪΔͰͷ͹ͻͪͲ͸ͰͷͰͽͪͶ͸ͰͳͶͳͼͽͪ͵ͶͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͰ
͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰͺͰͼͷͰͼ;ͺͰͬͪ͸Ͱ;ͲͽͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵Ͱͼͪ͸ͪͺ;ΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͶͰ΃͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͶͳ͹ͻͪͼͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͲͲͬ;͵Ͱ
ͺͻͪͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ Ͳͬ͹͸ͪͳͷͰͯͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ͳͯͪͼ;͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ;ͼͺͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͪ
ͯͰ΁Ͱ͵ͪ΂ͳͶͳ͹͵͹ͶͰͬ͵ͰͷͪͶͪͲͬ͹͸ͪ͋ͪͷ͹ͭͯͰ͸ͪ͵͹ͶͰͬ͵;͸ͳΒͰͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸͹Ͳͬ͹͸͹ ͺͻͳͺͰͬͪΔ;;ͼͺͪ
ͬͪ͸͵Ͱ;ͯͪͻͪͶ͹ͼͰͯͻͬͰ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͹ͷ ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͯͻͬͰ͸͹ͷ͵ͪ΃ͳ͵͹ͷ ;Ͷ;΂ͪ΁͹ͯ͵͹ͶͰͬ͵Ͱ͇ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰ
ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹ ͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͺͰͼͷͰ ͺͰͬͪ͸Ͱ t͵ͪͽ͵ͪͯ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭ ͹ͭΔͳ΃ͽͪ ͳͶͳ ͵ͪͷͳ͸ͪ ;Ͳ ;ͯͪͻͪΔͰ
ͷͪ΃ͳ΁ͪ ͳͶͳ͹ͱͰͭ͹ͷ͹ͼͪ΂ͳͶͳ͹ͱͰͶͰͲ͸ͳͺͻͰ͵Ͷͪͯi ̺;͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̽Ͱ΁ͪͼ;͸ͪ͹ͬͪΒ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Β͹΃͹ͯ͸ͪΒͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͭ;Ͳͻͪͼͽͪͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͶͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹͸ͪΒͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͻͳͽͷ͹ͬͪͳͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͪ
͊Ͷ;΃ͪΔͰͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ
͊Ͷ;΃ͪΒ;Εͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͫͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ ͯͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;
͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵; ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸; ͺͰͼͷ; ͹ͯ ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͯͪ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ; Ͳͬ;͵
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ– ͵ͪͬͪͶͪ

ͽͪͺͪ͸ͪ Ͳ;ͻͶͰ ͯͰͿͪ ͯͪͻͪͫ;͵Ͱ ͭ;ͼͪͶͪͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͯͰͶͪ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͪͼ;Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ
ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ
́Ͳͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͰͶ͹ͼ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰͷͺͰͼͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͲͬ͹
ͯͰͰͷͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽͪͯ͠ͻͪ͸͵Ͱͪͭ͠Ͷͳ΂ͳΕͳ͊ͬͰͽͶͪ͸Ͱ͊ͽͰͬͳΕ ͳͶͳ;ͷͰ
ͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ;ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔ;ͪͅͻͰ͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ͠͹ͻͯͪ͸ͪ͆ͳ͵͹ͶͳΕͪͳͶͳ
͉ͪ͸͵ͪ͑ͰͷͳΕͪ̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;Δ;Β;ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹Ͳͪͳ͵̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͰ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͹ͯ ͪͰͻ͹Ϳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ; ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ ͫͳͶͳ ͵ͪͬͪͶͳ ΃;ͺͰΓ͵Ͱ
ͯ;ͯ;΁ͳͳͻͪͲ͸ͰͿͻ;ͶͰ͹ͯͯ;ͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͪ ͺͳͼ͵͹ͷ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͰͼ;ͼͰͲ;ͻͶͰͳͭͪΒͯͰ͹ͯ
͵͹ͻͯ͹Ϳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͭ;ͼͶͰ ΕͰͷͪ͸Ͱ ͳ ͻͪͲ͸Ͱ ͬͻͼͽͰ ͽͪͷͫ;ͻͪ ͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ Ϳ͹Ͷ
͵Ͷ͹ͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰΒͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͳͺ͹Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰͷͫͻͪ͸͹Ϳ͹͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ–
ͭ͹΂ͪ ͯͪͳͻͪ ͯͰͿͪͳͯͪͻͪͫ;͵Ͱ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͰͯ͹΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ͹ͬͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͳ
;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͳ΀ ͼͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ Ͳͬ;͵͹ͷ ͌ ͻͪͯ; ͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͶͳ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͚Ͱͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
¢
ͯͪͽΒͰ͹ͺͳͼ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔ;;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͰͳͶͳ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ
ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͻͰͫͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͼ͈ͪͳͺͳͻͰͬ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ
ͺͰͬͪ͸ͪ;ͲͺͻͪͽΔ;͵ͪͬͪͶͪ̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;͹ͬͪͺͰͼͷͪ ͺͪͱΔͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͺͰͬͪ΂͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ
͉ͪ΃ͪ͸͵Ͱ3 ͯ͹͵ ΕͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͸ͪͶ͸͹ ͷ;Ͳͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͰ Ͳͪ ͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͰ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰͷ͸;ͷͰͻͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͼͪͼͽ̹ͪͬͰͶ͹ͺͶͪͽ͸͹.
̹͹ͭͪͽͪ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͸ͪͯͪ΀͸;ΕͰ
ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͈ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͯͰͶͪ̽ͪͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪ͠Ͱ͸͵ͪ ͊ͽͰͬͪ͸ͪͅ͹͵ͻͪΔ΁ͪ ̓͹ͼͽͰͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕͪ
ͅͳͶ͹ΒͪͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͪͳ͊ͬͰͽͳͼͶ̹ͪͬͪ͹ͱͳΕͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼ;͸ͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͷͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ;͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ
͆ͪ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͳ ͼ; ͳ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͈Ͱͽͪͻ
͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ̺ͳͽ͹ͷͳͻ́ͶͳΕ ͅͳͻ͹ͼͶͪͬ͑ͽͪͽ͵ͳΕͳ̻͹ͻͯͪ͸ͪ̓ͪͻͪͷͪͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ͊Ͷ;΃ͪΒ;Εͳ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂
͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͳͼͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ Ϳ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ͹ͷ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͼͰͺͻ;ͱͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽͯͪ͸ͪΒ͹΃ΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰ͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶͪ͸ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͳͲͻͪͲ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ͌ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳ
ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͶ;΃ͪΔͪͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪ;͹΂ͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸ͻͳͽͪͷ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͰ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͶͰͼͽͬͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸ͰͼͰ͵;͸ͯͰ
ͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͼ͵;ͷͰͶͳͲͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͯͳΒͪ
ͶͰ͵ͪͽͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͰͻͰ΂ͳ;ͬ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͽͰͷͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸Ͱ;;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͯͰͶͳͷͪ
͊ͽͰͬͪ͸ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔͪ΁ΒͰͷͰΌ;ͺͻͬͳͷͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ͳͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͬ͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪ
Ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͷ;Ͳͳ͵;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;͉;͵͹ͬͰͽͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͪ
΀͹ͻͼ͵ͪͯͰͶͪ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͷͰͶ͹ͼ;͆ͪͳͷͰ ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔͪ΁ΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͲͪͫͰ
ͶͰͱͳ͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ΒͰ ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳ͹ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ ͳ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͹ 7*** 9* ͳ 9**
ͻ;͵͹ͬͰͽ ̿ͳͬ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͯͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͻͪͽ͸ͳͷͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪãͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͅ͹͵ͻͪ
Δͪ΁ ΒͰ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯ ͼͷͻͽ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͹ ͑ͪ͸ͽͳΕͰͬ; ͺͰͼͷ; ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪͻͳ ͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
.
3
͉ͪ΃ͪ͸͵Ͱ ͈ͳͺͳͻͰͬ͵ͪ ͼ͸ͳͷͪ͵ͺͰͼͷͰͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͸͸ͪIUUQTXXXZPVUVCFDPNXBUDI WE.X;@WQG%3"

͇ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ;͹΂;ͬͪΔ;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪͯͪ͹ΒͰ
ͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͅͳ͹ͯͻ̺ͪͭͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ͇͸ΒͰͺͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͳ΃ͪ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳ
Β; ͭͯͰΒͰͼͪ͵;ͺͳ͹ͳͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪ͆Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯΔͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͯͳ͹ΒͰͲͪ΀͹ͻͼ͵͹
ͬͳ΃ͰͭͶͪͼ͸͹ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ
͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͽͻͰͫͪ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͼͪ ͯͰͶͳͷͪ ͯͬͪ ͬͰΕ
ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͪ– ͈Ͱͽͻ͚ͪ͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕͪͳ̺ͳͽ͹ͷͳͻͪ́ͶͳΕͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͳͳ͸ͼͺͳ
ͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹ͷ ͈Ͱͽͪͻ ͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ΒͰ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͹ Ͳͪ ΀͹ͻ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͬ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͯͰͶͪ ͪ ͷͰΌ; ͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳͷ ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͼ; ΀͹ͻͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ
̀ͳͷͼ͵ͪ ͳͯͳͶͪ * ͻ;͵͹ͬͰͽ ͳ̀;ͷͫ;Ͷ ͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͸ͿͳͶ. ̺ͳͽ͹ͷͳͻ́ͶͳΕΒͰͺͳͼͪ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͲͪ͵Ͷͪͬͳͻͳ
΀͹ͻ ͌ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͯͰͶͳͷͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ΒͰ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪ͹ ͽͰͷͰ ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ Ϳ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻͪ ͺͪ ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ ͳ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ΀͹ͻͼ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ̓ͪͽͷͰͻ4 ͷͳͻͳ΃Ͱ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;΀͹ͻͼ͵ͪ
ͷ;Ͳͳ͵ͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͶ;΃ͪΒ;ͯͰͶͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻ̻ͪ͹ͻͯͪ͸Ͱ
̓ͪͻͪͷͪͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͬ΃ͳ ͳ΀ ΀͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔ; ͹ͫͻͪͯͳͶͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
ͺͰͼͪͷͪͼͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ ͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ̓ͪͻͪͷͪͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ
͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͯͰͶͪ͹ͬͳ΀͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͪͼ;͸ͪ
ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻ;͎͹ͻ͍ͪͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ– ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸; ΂ͳΒͪͫͳͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ͻͳͼ͸͹
ͼ͸ͳͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͹ͬͪΒͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͲͪͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ
́͸ͼͺͳͻͳͼͪ͸ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ̽ͪͬ͹ͻͳ͸ ͠Ͱ͸͵͹ ΒͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͹
;ͬͰͻͽͳͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͵͹Βͪ͹ͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵;ͫͳͽ͵;͌Δ͹Β͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͬͰ΃ͽ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͲͬ;΂͸ͰͰͿͰ͵
ͽͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͯ͹΂ͪͻͪ͹ Ͳͬ;͵ ͭ;ͼͪͶͪ t͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͯ͹ͫͳ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸; Ͱͺͼ͵;
΃ͳͻͳ͸;i ͏ͬͰͽ͵͹ ͼͽͻ
́ͷ͸͹ͭͪͯͰͶͪͅͳͶ͹ΒͪͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͪͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͳͼͪ͸ͪͼ;ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͷͪ
͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳͷͪΒͰͼͳͷͿ͹͸ͳΒͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͱͷͪ
͊ͷͻͽ ͪͅΒ͵Ͱ ͠;ͭ͹ͬͳΕͪ ̓͹Δ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓Ͷͪͬͳͻͼ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ
ͼͬͳͽͪ ͹ͺ. ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͹ͫͳͶ;ΒͰͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͷͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͷͰͶ͹ͼͪ͊ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͯͬͪͼͽͪͬͪ–
̺ͳͯ͹ͬͯͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͽ;ͱͫͪͶͳ΁Ͱ ͳ ̺͹ͯ͹͸͹΃Ͱ. ͏ͳ͵Ͷ;ͼ ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͰͬͳ΀ ͵Ͷͪͬͳͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͯ
͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ ͉ͳͽͷ͹ͬͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͰΓͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳͭͪͻͪ ͹ͺ. ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ ͪͬͭ;ͼͽͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ
ͼͰͯͪͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪ tͺ;͸ͳ΀ Ϳ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ͷͰͶ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͱͳͬͰ ͻͳͽͷͳ͵Ͱi
̓͹Δ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ΔͳͷͪΒͰͽͻͰΕͪͺ͹ͻͰͯ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͵ͪ ͽ;ͱ͸ͪ Ͷͪͭͪ͸ͪͳͭͻͪ͌Ͳͫͳͻ΁ͳ
͵Ͷͪͬͳͻͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͅ͹ͽͳͬͳ ͼͪ ͼͰͶͪ ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͰͷͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪ
ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͪ;͵Ͷͪͬͳͻͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͺ;ͼ;ͅͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͳͽͷ͹ͬͳ ͼͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͹ͺ. ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͼ;͵Ͷͪ
ͬͳͻͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͷͪͯͳ͵͹Βͳ;ͺ;Ε;Β;͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ ͪͽ͹ͼ;͈Ͱͼͷͪ ͳͲ ͆Ͱͻ͹ͯͳͷΓͪ ͅ͹ͽͳͬ ͳͲ ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͪ
͠;ͽͻ͹ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ̓͹Δ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓͹ͼͽͪͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͹ͺͰͽ
͵͹ͷͪͯͪͲͪ͵Ͷͪͬͳͻͳͬͳ͹Ͷͳ͸;́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͯͪΒͰ́ͭͻͪ ͵͹ͼͪ΂ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒ;ͼͺͰͶͳΒͪ
͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷ΁ͳ͵Ͷ;ͼ; ͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͳͼͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯͪΔͰͷ͹̽ͻͪͭͪ͸; ͼͬͳͻͪ΂;ͳͲ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ
͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͬͳͻͪ͹΁ͪͻͼ͵͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͪͯͪ͸͵ͻ;͸ͳͼͪΔͪ΁ͪͻͪ̽;΃ͪ͸ͪ ͈ͰΒ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̓͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ̽Ͱͬ͹Β΂Ͱ Όͪ;ͻ΂Ͱ ͵͹Β;ΒͰͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͹ͲͪͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀͹ͻ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͰ
͸ͪͽͰͷͳͳͼͽ͹ͳͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͺͰͼͷͰ ͌ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸̓͹ͼͽͰ͈ͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕͪ ͼͽͻ
́
͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͪ͊ͬͰͽͳͼͶ̹ͪͬͪ͹ͱͳΕͪ ΂ͳΒͰ ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹;ͽͰ
ͷͰΓͰ͸͹͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;Β;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;;ͬͻ΃ͽͰ͸ͰͷͰΌ;ͯͰͶͪͼͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͫͳ
ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵Ͱͽ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ͈ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ
4
̓ͪͽͷͰͻ¢΁ͬͰͽͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸͵ͪͻͪ͸ͿͳͶ;.

ͼ;ͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͳͼͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹ͷͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ͌Δͳͷͪ
͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻ͸ͪͯͪ΀͸;ͽ͹ͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͺͪͷΕͰΔͰ ͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰͼͽͻͪͯͪΔͪͳͭ͹Ͷͭ͹ͽ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ͵ͪͽͪͻͲͳ΂͸Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͰͲͪͺͳͼͰͲͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹͵͹͸΂Ͱͻͽͳ
͸;Ͳͪ͵Ͷͪͬͳͻͳ͹ͻ͵ͰͼͽͪͻͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͻͽ;Ͳͪͽͻ;ͫ;ͳͼͳͷͿ͹͸ͳΒͼ͵ͳ͹ͻ͵Ͱͼͽͪͻ̈́ͪͲͪ
ͻͰͬ͹ ͫͯͰ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͱͷͳ Ͳͪ ͭ;ͯͪ΂Ͱ ̓ͻ͹Ͳ ͼͪ͸ ͷ͹Β ͽͪͬ͸ͳ ͳ ͫͰͲͫͻ͹Β ͼ;Ͳͪ ͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ ͼͳͷͿ͹͸ͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹Ͱͷͳ
͊ͬͳͽͪΔͪ ͸ͪͯ ͡Ͱͬͳ΃͵͹ͷ ͳͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪΔͰ
ͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ ͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪΔͰ ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͼ͹ͶͿͰΌͪ ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͪ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͼ;ͫ͹ΓͰͭͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ͌͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪͼͪͲ͸ͪΒ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼΒͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͼͶ;΃ͪΔ;ͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱͳͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔ;ͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͲͺͰͼͷ;͌
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔ;Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͬͪͱͳͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹͹ͯ Ͳͬ;͵ͪ͵ͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΕͰͼͬͪ͵ͳ͸͹ͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹Βͪͷ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͽͳͺ;ͽͰͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪΒͪ ͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰͷ ͺͰͬͪΔͰͷ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ
;Ͳ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵;
ͪ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͺͪͱΔͪ ͼͰ ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪ ͸ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ ͹ͺͪͱͪΔͰ ͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ ́ͯͰΒͪ ͹
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ; ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ; ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪΔ; ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ
΃͵͹ͶͰͫͳͶͪΒͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪΒ͹΃͸ͪͼͪͷͳͷͺ͹΂Ͱ΁ͳͷͪͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͰͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ͅͰΌ;ͺͻͬͳͷͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͰͯͪͭ͹Ͳͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪΔͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͶͳ
͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͺͰͼͷͳͫͳ͹ΒͰ́ͼͳͯ͹ͻ̹ͪΒͳΕ
ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ̓͹ͼͽͪ
̹ͰͻͳΕ ͊ͽͰͬͪ͸ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔͪ΁ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͪ
ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ
ͅͳ͹ͯͻ̺ͪͭͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ

̀͹ͻͳͼͶ̺ͪͬͪͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ
ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Βͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵͹Β ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ;ͼͽͪΓͰ͸
ͷ͹ͯͰͶͻͪͯͪͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͷ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͲͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱͳͼ͹ͶͿͰΌͪͼͽͳ΂;͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͼͷͰͼͬ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹͈ͯͪͻͪͬͳͶ͸͹͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹
ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻ;ͱͪΒ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͼͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪ
ΔͰ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ΒͰ
͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸͹;͵ΔͳͲͳ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹Β͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ
΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͻͳ
͹ͫͻͪͯͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳͲ ͹ͬͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͌ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹Β ͵ΔͳͲͳ ͯͪͽͳ ͼ; ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ
͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͳ ͳͭͪͻͪ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭ
͹ͺͳͼͷͰΔͪͬͪΔͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹-ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͇ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͳͶͰͺ͹ͽͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻB͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͼͰ;
ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͰͳͻͳͽͷͪ ͪͻ΀ͪͳ΂͸ͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͰͼͪͷͪͳͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
Ͳͬ;͵͹ͬͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓ͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͶͰͱͳͳ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹;ͺ͹ͽͺ;Δ;ΒͰͼͶͳ͵;͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͽͪͻͳͷ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪͳͳͭͻͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ

͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͺͰͼͷͰ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪͶͰ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺ͹ͫ;ͯͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͯͪͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹;ͯ;΀;͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
Ϳ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻͪ ́Ͳͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ ;Ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͼͷͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ Ͷͳ͵͹ͬ͸ͳͷͳͶͳͽͰͻͪͻ͸ͳͷ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͯ ;ͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͷ Ϳ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ͹ͷ
͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ ͳͷͺͻ͹ͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͻͳͽͷͪͳͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͰ;ͯ;΀;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ
΁ͳͷͪΒͰ ͹ͼͳͷͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͪͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸͹ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͰͽͻͪͯͳ
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͌ͻͪͯ;ͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͼ; ͯͳͯͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳͺͻͳ
ͷͰͻͳ ͵͹Βͳ ;ͺ;Ε;Β; ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͪ ͯͰ΂Βͳ΀ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ
͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ¢

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͌ͻͪͯ;ΒͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;͹΂;ͬͪΔ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂
͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹;ͯ;Εͳ
ͯͪ ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪ ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺͪ͸ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂͸͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ ; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ
ͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͷ̸ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͪͬͰ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰͼͶͪͱ;ͯͪ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸͹ͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔ;͵ͪ͵͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͌͵͹ͻͪ͵ ͼͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹ͯ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͽͳ ͼͬͰͼͽ ͹
ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͪ ͪͶͳͳͼͽ͹ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͬͪͱ͸͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͽͳͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͽͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱ;;
ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͳ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔ;;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰͬͪͼͺͳͽͪͬͪͽͳͷͶͪͯͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ
΁ͳΒͰ;ͯ;΀;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ΀ ͪͶͳͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹ΒͳͽͰͱͳ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͆ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹
ͬ͸͹ ͬ͹ͯͳ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪΔ; ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͯͪ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͳΒͪͼ͸;ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;͹΂;
ͬͪΔͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͋͹ͼͰ
ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳ ͹ͫͳͷ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͸ͳͬ͹;
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ ͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͷ;Ͳͳ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͽ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͳ͵ͪ;;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;͹ͼͰΕͪΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
͌ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͳͫ;ͯ;Εͳͷ
ͺ͹͵͹ͶͰΔͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͹ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹Β͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͪͶͳͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ;ͽ͹͵ͪͲͲͪ
ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳͷ Ͱͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳ
ͰͼͽͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͬͪͱͪ͸ͯͰ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͌ͻͪͯ;ͼ;ͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹
ͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͿ͹Ͷ͵͹ͻͪ͵͹ΒͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͽ͹͵͹ͷ͹ͼ͸͹
ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͳͯͪͳ΀;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰͷ ͺͰͬͪΔͰͷ ͼͬͳ

ͻͪΔͰͷ ͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͳͭͪͻͪ ͳͶͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷ;ͯ;΀;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸Ͱͫ
Γ̹ͪ;ͯ;Εͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͺͻ;ͱͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͹͸ͪ ͫͳͽͪ͸ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌

͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ; ͊ ̽Ͱ͸ͳΕ ;ͻ
ͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͋Ͱͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ͼͽͻ–
̺ͻͪΔͰ͌΂ͳ
ͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;̺ͻͪΔ;
͈ͪͼͳ͹͸ͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ ͳͶͳ ̾͌ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ– ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ
͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ; ͊
̽Ͱ͸ͳΕ ;ͻ
ͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ; ͬͻͰͷͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͋Ͱͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵
ͼͽͻ¢
̺ͻͪΔͰ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;̺ͻͪΔ;
̹ͪΒͳΕ ́
͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͪͺͻͪͬͳͶ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͽ͸͹ͭͺͰͬͪΔͪ ͆͹ͬͳ͈͊ͪͯͪͻ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͻͳΒ͚ͪ͹ͻΌͪ́ͬ͵͹
ͬͳΕͪ.
̹ͪͲͳΕ ͠
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ͈ͪͻͳͶ͹ͲͳͲͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸;¢̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪ
ͬͳΕ
̹ͪͲͳΕ ͠ ͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ̹
͌Ͷ͹ͭͪͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ;ͳͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷͳͼͪ͹ ͫͻ͹Β WPM¢̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳ
ͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ
̹;ͽͳ͸΂ͳ͸͹ͬ ̿ ͋
͈ͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳͲͪͷ ͵ͪ͵ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸
ͅͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Άʹ ͸ͪ;΂͸Άʹ ͪͶ΅ͷͪ͸ͪ΀ ͼͽͻ ¢
̻ͪͶͶͰ ̹ͳ΃͵Ͱ͵̸͵ͷ͹ͫͰ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Ͱ
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͅͳ͸ͼ͵ ͈Ͱͯͪͭ͹ͭͳ͵ͪ
#BSOFU 3 ,BWBOB %ß
)PNPHFOJ[BDJKB HMPCBMOFLVMUVSF ; %ß.BOEFS ̾(PMETNJU ;ͻ

(MPCBMJ[BDJKB¢BSHVNFOUJQSPUJW ͼͽͻ¢
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̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ̀
ͅͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͰͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ
ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ̀ B
͉ͪͽͲͪͼͻͺͼ͵;ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵;ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͪ
̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͅ
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͰͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͈ͻͳͻͰͯͳͶͪ̀͹ͻͳͼͶ̺ͪͬͪͪͅͼͳ
ΓͰͬͳΕ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̹ͪͯͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͼ͵ͪ͵Δͳͭͪ̓ΔͪͱͰͬͪ΁͆͹ͽͪ
̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͅ
͈;ͽͰͷ͸ͪ΃Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͷ;Ͳͳ͵Ͱ͈ͰͼͷͰͼͪͪͻͪ͸ͱͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͯͬ͹ͭͶͪͼͳͳ
ͬͳ΃ͰͭͶͪͼͳ ͈ͻͳͻͰͯͳͶͰ ͼͰͼͽͻͰ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͳΕ ͳ ̽Ͱͼͪ͸͵ͪ ͋ͻͪ͵ͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ ͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ͹ ̀ͪͬ͹ͯ Ͳͪ
;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
̺;͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͋
͊ͻͫͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; **̺ͻͪΔͰ͆͹ͬͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪ
%FWJǀ %
6WPEVPTOPWF&UOPNV[JLPMPHJKF*EFP#FPHSBE'BLVMUFUNV[JǁLFVNFUOPTUJ
%FWJǀ %
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͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ̺
͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒͰ ͠;ͱ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
͊͵͹ͺΓͰ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
̿ͳͬ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
͉;͵͹ͬͰͽͳ͊ͽ͊ͽͅ͹͵ͻͪΔ΁̸ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻ̸ͪͯ͊͆͌
́ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͆
ͅͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͲͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;΃͵͹Ͷ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯ
Ͳͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ
ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ̽ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͡
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͳͭͻͰ **͵Δͳ̹ͭͪͰ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͪ
ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ̽ ͪ͠͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͡
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͳͭͻͰ 7*͵Δͳ̹ͭͪͰ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͪ
͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ̹
͌Ͷ͹ͭͪ ΃͵͹ͶͰ ; ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͺͻ͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ̺
͋ͻͳͿ;͸͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻ
͑͵͹Ͷͪ͵ͪ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͺͻ͹Ͱͬ
ͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ. ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͼͪ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭ ͼ͵;ͺͪ ͼͽͻ ¢
ͪͭ͠͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
͈Ͱͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ; ͪͭ͠͹ͯͳ͸ͳ
͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ͈ ̓ͪͻͪͷͪͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̻
͌ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͯͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͼͪͷͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͰͲͪͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀͹ͻ ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͻ ͭͶͪͼͳ͵Ͷͪͬͳͻ. ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;
͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ – ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸
̓͹Δ͹ͬͳΕ ͈
ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͺͳͼͪ΁.̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ̸ͪͯ͊͆͌
ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̽ ̿
͌Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ; ͹΂;ͬͪΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ; ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ;͊̽Ͱ͸ͳΕ ;ͻ
ͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͋Ͱͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ¢
ͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕ ̓
͊ͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͊ͽͰͬͪ͸; ͊ͽ ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔ΁; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ̽ͻͱͪͬ͸ͪ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪͻͳΒͪ
̓ͻͪΓͰͬͳ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͪ ͎ͻͬͪͽͪͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͪ
ͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕ ̓
͊ͬͪͯͫͰ͸ͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳ;͈ͰΕͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̾ͽ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͷ;ͲͰΒ
ͅͳͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͅ
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͼͷͰͳͳͭͻͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͈ͻͳͻͰͯͳ͹ͯͻ̽ͻͪͭ͹ͼͶͪͬ̽ͰͬͳΕ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̀ͪͬ͹ͯͲͪ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
ͅ͹͵ͻͪΔͪ΁ ͊
̀ͪͺͳͼͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͶ͹ͯͳΒ̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͅ;Ͳͳ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ
͆ͰͯͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
̽ͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ̾ͯ;͵ͪ
͆;΃ͳΕ ̹
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͇ͺͳͼͲͰͷΓͰͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻ͈ͪͯͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͪ
͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ̹
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹Β
͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸;– ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ
͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ̹ ͚Ͱͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̽
͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;
͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͶͳ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͈ͪͻͳ
ͲͻͰ͸–̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ ¢
̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ͌΂ͳͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸;– ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ
͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ̹
ͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;͊ͪͅͻͳ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͊̽͹ͯͳ͵ ;ͻ
̺Ͷͪͯ͹͊ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ̾ͽ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭ ͵͹ͷͺ͹
Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭ ͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪͼͪ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭͼ͵;ͺͪ ¢
̹ͪΔͪ
̈́;͵̸ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ;ͷΒͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹ͪΔ͹Β̈́;΁ͳ
͈ͪͬͶ͹ͬͳΕ ̹ ͏ͳ΁͹ͬͳΕ͊ͪͻͪΒͶͳΕ ̽
̺ͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͷ;Ͳͳ
΂͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ; ͬͻͰͷͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ̺ ͅͳͶͳͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕ ;ͻ
͆ͪ;͵ͪ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
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͈ͪͶͰ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͈ͪͶͰ

͈Ͱ΃ͳΕ ͡
͆ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ; ̽ ͆ͰͯͰΓ͵͹ͬͳΕ
;ͻ
͉ͪͯ9*7͵͹͸ͭͻͰͼͪͼͪͬͰͲͪͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ;͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸; ¢
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͊ͪͬͰͲ
;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͪͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
͈ͰΒ͹ͬͳΕ ͉
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͷ;Ͳͳ͵ͪ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͪͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ͹
ͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪ97***ͬͰ͵̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͉ͪ͵ͳΕ ͅ
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ;͉̻ͪΕͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻ
͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ́ͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ¢
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ
͌ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸̓͹ͼͽͰ͈ͪͅ͸͹ΒͶ͹ͬͳΕͪ ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽ͹ͻͪͳͰͽ͸͹ͷ;Ͳͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ
̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͻͪͯ͹̹ͬͪͰ͹
ͭͻ͍ͪͯͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵Ͱ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͏ͬͰͽ͵͹ ̽
̽ͪͬ͹ͻͳ͸͠Ͱ͸͵͹ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͫͪ ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪͳͲͯͪΔͪ ͅ;Ͳͳ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ ͵Δͳͭͪ
͆ͪ;΂͸ͪ͵Δͳ̹ͭͪͰ͹ͭͻ̸ͪͯ͊͆͌
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͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͊̽Ͱ͸ͳΕ ;ͻ
ͅ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͋Ͱͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ
Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ ͼͽͻ¢
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SUMMARY
5IJTQBQFSFMBCPSBUFTUIFJNQPSUBODFPGQSJNBSZTDIPPMFEVDBUJPOPGmusic culture in preserving paS
UJDVMBSJUJFTPGOBUJPOBMNVTJDDSFBUJWJUZPG,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKBJOUIFQSPDFTTPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPO5IFGPDVTJT
POFTUBCMJTIJOHUIFQSJODJQMFTPGIPXNVTJDFEVDBUJPODPVMEIFMQJOQSPUFDUJOHQBSUJDVMBSJUJFTPGUIFOBUJPOBM
musJDPG,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKBBTVOJRVFNVTJDFYQSFTTJPOBOEOBUJPOBMJEFOUJUZPG4FSCTGSPNUIFSFHJPO
1SFTFSWJOHUSBEJUJPOBMWBMVFTBOEQBSUJDVMBSJUJFTJOUIFQSPDFTTPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPOJTUIFJNQPSUBOUUBTLPGOB
UJPOBMDVMUVSFBOEFEVDBUJPOBMQPMJDZ TPJUJTOFDFTTBSZUPDPOTJEFSBMMPQQPSUVOJUJFTGPSJUTSFBMJ[BUJPOBUUIF
MFWFMPGQSJNBSZTDIPPMFEVDBUJPO*UXBTDPODMVEFEUIBUFEVDBUJPOPGNVTJDDVMUVSFUISPVHIWBSJPVTBSFBTPG
XPSL LOPXMFEHFBOEVOEFSTUBOEJOH NVTJDJOUFSQSFUBUJPO MJTUFOJOHUPNVTJDBOEDIJMESFOTNVTJDBMQFSGPS
NBODFTQSPWJEFTPQQPSUVOJUZGPSFYQFSJFODJOHBOEMFBSOJOHQBSUJDVMBSJUJFTPGUIFOBUJPOBMNVTJDPG,PTPWP
BOE.FUPIJKB FTUBCMJTIJOHJUBTBOJNQPSUBOUGBDUPSJOQSFTFSWJOHUSBEJUJPOBMNVTJDWBMVFTJOUIFQSPDFTTPG
globalization*OSFTFBSDIJOHUIFJTTVF UIFNFUIPEPMPHZPGUIFPSFUJDBOBMZTJTXBTVTFE
KEYWORDS: QSJNBSZTDIPPM NVTJDDVMUVSFFEVDBUJPO HMPCBMJ[BUJPO ,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB OBUJPOBM
NVTJDDSFBUJWJUZ.

̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͪ
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͉
̸̸̸͈͉̹͇͇̺͊͆̈́́ͣ̿́ͣ͠͡ 1
͌̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒ;
̸̸̸͈͇͇͇͉͇͍̈́̿͌͐̾͆́̓͌͑̓̈́́͌̽̈́͠
̸̸̸͉͇͇̻̻͉͍͇͉͑͋͆̾̓͌ͣ́͊̾̾͆͋̾̾͠ͅͅͅ
̸̸͉̻͇̹͌̾́̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:͍Ͱ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰͳ΃͵͹ͶͰ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͪΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͼ͵ͻͪΒͪ9*9ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99
ͬͰ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͼ͵ͳͺͻͪͬͪ΁;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ́ͲͯͬͪΒͪͼͰͳͲͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹
ͼ;ͬͰ͵ͯͰͽͰͽͪ̾ͶͰ͸̓ͰΒ Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͪͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͺͰͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ
t͆͹ͬͰ ΃͵͹ͶͰi ̽ͪͶͽ͹͸ ͺͶͪ͸ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͺ͹ ͷͰͻͳ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͪͅͻͳΒͰ ͅ͹͸ͽͰͼ͹ͻͳ ̽Ͱ͵͹ͻͶͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ ͅͰͽ͹ͯ
̓;Ͳͳ͸Ͱ ͠Ͱ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸ ͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΓͰ
͇ͬͪΒͬͳͯ΃͵͹ͶͰΒͰ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ΒͬͰͲͳͼ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͳ͹͸ͯͪͳ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͈͹΃ͽ;Β;Εͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͺ͹ΌͰ͹ͯͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃
͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͬͻͰͷͰ͈ͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ; ͯͰ΁ͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͬͪͼͺͳ
ͽͪͬͪΒ;ͳͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͺ͹ͯ;΂ͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸΃ͽ͹ΕͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳΓ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͲ͸ͪͽͳͯͪͼͬͪ͵ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͫͰͲ
͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ ͵͹Β͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ͸ͪΌͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͼ;͸΁Ͱͷ͉ͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪ
ͯͰ΁ͪ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪͽͳ;ͽ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͯͪͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯΔͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ;͸ͪ΃ͰͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;– ͰͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͌ͻͪͯ;ΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͪ΁ͳͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪͳͲ;ͭͶͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ
͸ͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͪͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͠͹ͲͰͿ̈́͹ͻͰ͸΁͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ 3VEPMG+PTFQI-PSFOZ4UFJOFS –

ͻ͹ΌͰ͸ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͳ͸ͪ;ͼ
ͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͱͰͶͰͲ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ΂ͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͐ͰͼͽͰͼͰͶͳͯͫͰ;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ
͹΁ͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͰͼ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸͹ͼͪͲͻͰͬͪΔͰͳ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪΓͳͬͪΔͰ ͪͶͳͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͰͻͪͯ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͳͱͰΓ;
1
jasna.parlic.bozovic@pr.ac.rs
2
͉ͪͯ ΒͰ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͰͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͳͫͻ͹Β*** ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ
ͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Β͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ

Ͳͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͷͼͪͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͼͻͰͽͪ͹;ͼͬ͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;͊ͰͶͳͯͫͰͼ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶͰͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͰ
͵ͳͯͪΔͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺͪΒͰ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶ͹ͳͺ͹ͯ;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ
͵͹ͯ͵;ΕͰ ͭͯͰͷ;ΒͰ;΂ͳͽͰΓͫͳ͹;ͺͻͪͬ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͽͪ΁̀ͪͬͻ΃ͳ͹ΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸;ͭͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΒ;͋͹͵͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷ͹
ͬͪΔͪͼͰͳͲͯͬ͹Βͳ͹ͺ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ΕͳͷͪͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷ̺ͪͰΕͼͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ΒͰͯͪͯͪΒͰͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱ΂ͪͼ͹ͬͰͼͬ͹Βͳͷͬͻ΃Δͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͳͼͽͪͻͳΒͳͷͪ͹ͯͼͰͫͰ͊ͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ
͸͹ͼͰͫͪͬͳ͹ͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͷ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͲͶͪͲͳͶͰͬͪ͸͹͵ͬͳͻͪ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭ͵;ͻͳ
͵;Ͷ;ͷͪ ͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪ͹ͳ΀ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳͽ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸͹͊ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ
Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͱͰΓ͹ͷ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪ͹ΒͰ̓ͪ͸ͽ͹ͬ;ͳ͎Ͱͻͫͪͻͽ͹ͬ;ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒ; ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪ͹ΒͰ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͿͳͲͳ͵; ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵; ͪͶͳ ͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͵Δͳͭ͹ͬͰͲ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͳ
ͼͽͰ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͪͬͶͪͯͪ͹ͳ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳͳͭͻ΂͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵́ͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͺ͹ͯ;
΂ͪͬͪΔͰͷΒ͹΃ͬͳ΃ͰΒͰͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫͳͶ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔ;Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ
͆ͪ͵͹͸Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͰͻͰͪͶ͵ͰͼͪͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳͷ;ͼͺͰ΀͹ͷ ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ;ͺͳͼ;ΒͰ̺ͳͼ͹͵;ͽͰ΀
͸ͳ΂͵;΃͵͹Ͷ;;̹Ͱ΂; ͭͯͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͪ ͼͰͫͪͬͳ ͼͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͳͽͪΔͰͷͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͷͲ͸ͪΔ͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ΀ͰͷͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͬͰΕͳΒͰͳͫͻ͹ΒͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͯͰͶͳͷͪͼͰ
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͫͪͬͳ͹͋͹ͭͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷ͹ͯͪͺ͹΀ͪΌͪͳͺͻͰͯͪͬͪΔͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͰ͸ͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳ
ͽͰͽ;;̹Ͱ΂; ͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͻͪͯͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ΒͰͼͽͰͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰ΂ͪͼ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ
͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͰͯͪͼͰͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͼͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷ̻ͪͰͽͰͪͳ͑ͳͶͰͻͪ
͊ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯͺ;ͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͷΒͰͺ͹΃ͪ͹ ͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ͵͹ͷͰͼͰͺͻͰͯͪ͹
ΒͰͻͼ;ͭͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪͳ͸͹ͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͯ͹͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͳͶͳ͆ͪͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸;ͼ;
ͺ͹΂ͰͶͰͯͪͳͲͶͪͲͰͷͳͼͶͳͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͹͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͹Β͹΃ ;ͯͰͽͳΔͼͽͬ;
͇ͼͶ͹͸ͪ΁;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͳͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͯ͹͸Ͱ͵ͶͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;ͯͰͶͳͷͪ͠͹΀ͪ͸̺ͪ͹ͶͿͭͪ͸̻ͭͪͰͽͰͪ
͇͉ͯ;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͺ͹ͲͳͬͯͪͲͪ΃ͽͪͷͺ;ͺͻͳͻͰͯͳ̻ͰͽͰ͹ͬͪͯͰͶͪ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β͸ͪ;΁ͳ
;Ͳ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀;ͬ͹ͯͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͳͲͯͪΔͳͷͪ ΃ͽ͹ͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳ̻ͰͽͰ͹ͬͽͪͯͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͳ͹ͼͬͰͽ;ͳͺ͹Βͪͼ͸ͳ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͳͯͰΒͰ ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹ΒͰͳ ΒͰͯ͸;;ͬ͹ͯ͸;͵Δͳͭ; ͰͺͳͼͽͰ
ͷ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;̻ͰͽͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ͸ͪ;΁ͳ ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͪ;̻ͰͽͰ͹ͬ͹Β͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳ
ͼͬͰͽͪ
̻͹ͯͳ͸ͰͼͰͶͳͼͰ;̺ͪΒͷͪͻ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β ͭͯͰͼͰͫͪͬͳ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷͳͳͲͯͪͬͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ̻ͰͽͰ
͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͆ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͰͯͪͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ ͱͳͬͰ͹ ͳ ͻͪͯͳ͹ ; ̺ͪΒͷͪͻ;
͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͬͳ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹;ͬ͹ͯ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸͹ ͯͰͶ͹ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͆ͪ͵͹͸ ̺ͪΒͷͪͻͪ ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ
͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͼͰͼͰͶͳ;̹ͰͻͶͳ͸̽͹ͽͪͯͪͼ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ;ͬͳͯͳ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͳ͹ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ΒͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͳ
Βͳ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͲͻͰͶͳ ͳͪ͵͹; ͼͬ͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͳ΃ͪ͹͸ͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ̽͹͵ ΒͰ
ͱͳͬͰ͹;̹ͰͻͶͳ͸; ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰ;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͳͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͭ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͪͶͳͳͼͬͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ
͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͯͪͬͪ΂ ͸ͪ ͉ͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ; ͭͯͰ ΒͰ ͯͻͱͪ͹ ͺͻͰͯͪͬͪΔͪ ͳͲ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
́Ͳ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͪ͸ ͳ ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͭ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ ;ͷͻ͹ΒͰ;̽͹͸ͪͻ΀; ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͼͬ͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽ̺ͪͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰͷͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͫͪͬͳ͹ͼͰ͵ͪ͵͹
;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͪͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͻͪͲͬͳͶͪͼ;ͼͰ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ

̸̸̸͈͉̹͇͇̺͈͊͆̈́́ͣ̿́ͣ͠͡͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ
͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽ ͐͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ; ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ; ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪ͹ ΒͰ ; ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͳͯͰΒͪͷͪ ͆ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ͹ͯͻͱͪ͹͹͵͹ͺͻͰͯͪͬͪΔͪͼͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵͹ͷͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵͹ͷ ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ́ͯͰΒͰ
ͯ͹͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͯ͹΃ͪ͹ͺͻͰͽ͹΂ͳ͹ΒͰΒͰ;ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͹ͳͺͻͬ;
΃͵͹Ͷ; ; ΂ͳΒͰͷ ΒͰ ͻͪͯ; ͳ ͼͪͷ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͹ ͊ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ΒͰ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ ͳ ΂ͳͽͪͬ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͳͯͪ͸ͯͪ͸ͪͼͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;;ͼͬͰͽ; ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͼͽΔͰͭ͹
ͬͳ΀ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͳͼͬͰͽ;
͏̸̸͉͉͇̺̾͆͋̈́͆̾͑͋͆̾̾́̽̾̾͠͠ – ̸̸̸̸͉͇͈͇͍̺͇͉͍͆͋́̀́́̽͊̓͠͠
̸̸̸͈̻͇̻͇͉̾̽́́̈́͠ͅ
̸͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͼͽͻͰͷͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͸ͪͼͬͰͽ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͭ͹ͯͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͷ͹ͱͰ;ͺ͹ͽ
ͻͰͫͳͽͳ;͸ͪ;΁ͳ͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ;ͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ͈ͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰ
Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͺ;͵͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔ; Γ;ͯͳ ͇ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͯ͹ͼͰͱͰ ͯ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ
ͫͳΕͪ͌ͼͬͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͳͺ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͼͰͳͬͳͯͳͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹΂͹ͬͰ͵ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͪ͸ͽͻ͹
ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸ͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;Εͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͻͪ΃΂ͶͪΔͳͬͪΔͰͷΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀
ͼ͸ͪͭͪͅͳͼͶͳ͹΂͹ͬͰ͵;ΒͰͼ;ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪΒͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵̸ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒͪͼͺͪΒͪͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͼ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͰͼͬͰ
ͽͪ ͼ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͰͷ ͺ;͸ͳͷ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͇ͬ͹Β ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͯͪ ͬͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵ͳ
ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͷͺ͹Βͪͬͪͷͪ ͬͰΕͼͰ͹ͯͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͼͺͪΒͪ
;ͺ;͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹;ΔͰͷ;ͳ͹͸͹͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ
͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͼͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͫͪͬͳ͹͹ͬͳͷͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳͯͪͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
Γͪͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;͵͹Βͪͼͽͬͪͻͪͬͳ΃Ͱ̸͠;΂͹ͬͰ͵;̸͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒͪΒͰͺ;ͽͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ͵͹ΒͳͱͰͶͳͯͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹;
΂͹ͬͰ͵;ͯ͹ͬͰͯͰͯ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ;͵͹ͼͷ͹ͼ; ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͺ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͷͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͯ;΀͹
ͬ͸;͸ͪ;͵;͵͹Βͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;ΒͰΓ;ͯͳͷͪͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸;ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸;ͼͬͰͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͳ΀͹͵ͻ;ͱ;ΒͰ͇͸ͪΒͰ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ tͺ;ͽ ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ͵͹Βͳͽͻͪͱͳͯ;΃ͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭ<͹͸ͯͪ΃ΔͰͭ ͺͻͳͷ͈̹͠>΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪi
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ ͽͪΒtͺ;ͽͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͪͼͬͰͽͪi ͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ; t΂͹ͬͰ͵ΒͰ;
͹͸͹ͯ͹ͫͪͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳͽͳ;ͺ;͸͹ΒͼͬͰͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳͷͳͲͭͻͪΌͳͬͪΔͰͷͳͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͷͼͬ͹ͭͪ
̸͠i ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ;ΒͰͽ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰͻtͪͻ΀ͪ͸ͭͰͶͅͳ΀ͪΒͶ͹͵ͪ͹
ͯ;΀ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͺͻͰͷͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͋͹ΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ
Ͷ͹ͯͪΕͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͳͶ͹ͭͳ΂͵͹ͭͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪͳͷͪͽͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ
͵ͻ͹Ͳ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰͯͪ͸ͪΌͰͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͯ;ͫ͹͵ͳͷͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͪͷͪ͐ͳͼͽ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ΃
ΓͰΔͰ ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ ΒͰ ;Ͳ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒ; ͳ ͹͸͹ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ tͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ
ͪͻ΀ͪ͸ͭͰͶͪ ͅͳ΀ͪΒͶͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͲͳͽͳ ; ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ ͳ ͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸͹
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰi ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ

͋ͪ͵͹ ͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ; ͼͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ̸͠ͽͻͰͫͪͺͻ͹ͫͳͽͳͼ;ͷͻͪ͵΂ͳͼͽ͹ͭͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳ
ͲͷͪͳͲͪͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽͪΔͰͼͽͬͪͻͳ̽;΀͹ͬ͸͹ ͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷ
ͼͻ΁ͪ ͹͸͹ΒͰͱͳͬ͹ ͹͸͹ΒͰͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽͪ͸ΒͰ ΀Ͷͪͯͪ͸ͳ΂ͳͼͽ͹ͪͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ͸͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͸ͪͯͪΓͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͪ;Ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹
΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸Ͱͷͪ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ;ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔ;΂;Ͷ͸͹ͭ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͽ΂;Ͷ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ͆ͪ΃t΁ͳΓ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ
ͫͳͽͳͼͪͷ͹ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͪͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ΒͰͻͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͼͷ͹ͳͼͺ;͸ͳͶͳͽͰ͵͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱ

ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͷ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͹͸Ͱ ͫ;ͯ; ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ΂͸Ͱ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͰ ͵͹ ΒͰ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͪ͸ Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂͵ͳ
ͷͳͼͶͳͽͳͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪͽͳi ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͷΒͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹͸ ;ͼͪͯͳͶͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͪͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪͽͪ͵ͬͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ΂ͳΒͰͲͪͯ͹
ͬ͹ΓͰΔͰͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͪ͸ͪ΃͹ΒͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ΒͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͆ͪ΃ͪͽͰͱΔͪͲͪͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ͹ͷͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸͹ͫͶͳ͵
ͽ͹ͭ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬ͹͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͼͽͪͫͶͪͪ͵͹ͭͪͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ͯͬͪͺ;ͽͪ ͷ͹ͱ
ͯͪΕͰͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͬͳͯͰͽͳͭͻͪ͸Ͱ;ͷͳͻ͹ͬͪΔ; ͪͯͻ;ͭͳͺ;ͽ;ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ;͋͹͸ͪͼ͹ͺͪͱͪΔͰ͸ͰΕͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹
Γͳͽͳ͊ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷ͸ͪ͵͹Β;͸ͪͳΌͰͷ͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ ͪͼͬͪ͵ͳ͸ͪͷͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪΒͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
Ͳͪͭ͹͸Ͱͽ͵͇ͪ͸͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͰͷͪ΂Ͱͷ;΂͹ͬͰ͵ͽͰͱͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ΂Ͱͷ;΂͹ͬͰ͵ͷ͹ͱͰ;ͲͯͳΕͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪ
ͬͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͽΒͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵͹͊ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ; ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͬͻ΀;͸ͼ͵ͳ
Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ ͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͽͰͱͪ͵;͸;ͽͪͻ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͹͸ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͬͪͼͺͳ
ͽͪ΂ͳͳ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺͪ͵ͯͪͳͷͪΒ;;ͬͳͯ;΃ͽͪͽ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪͯͰͽͰͽͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ;ͼͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͲ;ͫͪͳͺ͹Ͷ͸ͰͲͻͰͶ͹ͼͽͳ͉ͪͲͷͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͪͳͻͪͲ
ͬͳΒͪΔͰ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͪ͵͹ͼͰ΁ͳΓͪ͸ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸ͳ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͸ͪͼͳͷͺͪͽͳΒͰͳͪ͸ͽͳͺͪͽͳΒͰ͇ͼͰΕͪΒ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͼͰͳͲͭͻͪͯͳ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;
ͽ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
͐͹ͬͰ͵;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬ͹ͷͼ;ͯ; ͷ͹ͻͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͼͬͰͽ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͯͻͪͼͶ͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ
͵ͪ tͅ͹ͱͰ ͼͰi ͵ͪͱͰ ͹͸ tͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͳͷͺ;Ͷͼ ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ ; ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸; ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ; ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͳ ͺͻͪͬͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͯͰͽͰͽ;
͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺͻͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͋ͪͯͪͼͰͯ͹ͼͰͱͰ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͪͽͪ΂͵ͪ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;i ͑ͽͪΒ
͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
. ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͼͰͫͪͬͳͳ;͸;ͽͪͻΔ͹ͷͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͷͬ͹Γ͹ͷ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͰ΂ΒͰͭͻͪͲͬ͹Β͇ͪ͸ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰͯͪtͯͰͽͰͺ͹Ͷ;ͼͬͰͼ͸͹ ;ͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱͷͻͪ΂͸͹ͷ͹ͼͰ
ΕͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͰͷ;ͫͳͽ͸͹i ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
ͬͰ͹ͷͪΒͰͫͳͽ͸͹ ͺ͹ΔͰͷ; ͸ͪͯͪΓͰ ͯͪͷ;ͼͰ
ͽͪͯͪͺͻͳΌͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ΒͰͻ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͫͰͼ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ΂ͳͽͪͬΔͰͭ͹ͬͯͪΓͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ̺ͪͼ
ͺͳͽͪ΂ͷ͹ͻͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͰͼͬͰͼ͸ͳͷͯ;ͫͳ͸ͪͷͪͯͰ΂ΒͰͯ;΃Ͱͯͪͯ͹͵ͪͱͰͯͪΒͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;ͼ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͌Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;ͬͳͯͰΕͰ ͼͰͯͪΒͰ;͹ͬ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;
͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͯͰͽͰͽ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͷͪͶ͹ͺͻͪͬͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͋;ͼͰͯͪΓͰͯͰ΃ͪ
ͬͪͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;ΕͰ ͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰͼͰͯͰͼͳͽͳͲͪͬͳͼͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͹ͯͫͳΕͪͼͪͷ͹ͭͯͰͽͰͽͪ ͑ͽ͹ͼͰ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰͽͳ΂Ͱ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͽͪͬͪͯͰͽͰͽͪ ͬͪͱ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͽ͹ͷͰͳͷͪͬͪͼͺͳ
ͽͪ΂͵͹Βͳ;͹ͬ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͰͳͲͻͰ΁ͳͬ͹ͺ;͸͹ͯͪͺͻ;ͱͳ̸͵͹ͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸ͳͼ;ͯ
ͯ͹ͺ;ͫͰͻͽͰͽͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͹͸ͯͪΕͰ͹͸;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͫͳͽͳ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹Βͬ͹ΓͳͅͶͪͯͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵͵͹ΒͳͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;΃͵͹Ͷ;ͳͲͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽΕͰͺ͹͸Ͱͽͳͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͯͪͼͰ;ΔͰͷ;ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͳͷͺ;Ͷͼͳ
; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ; ͳͲ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͫͳΕͪ
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ.
͆ͪ͵͹͸ͺ;ͫͰͻͽͰͽͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͳΕͰͼͰͬ͹Γͪ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹Βͪ΂ͪ ͬ͹Γͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻͰͽ͹ͭͪ
͸ͳ΁ͪͶͪ;ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͸͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸͹ͷͼ;ͯ; ͇ͬͪΒͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͺ͹ͯͻ͹
ͫ͸͹ͺͻͪͽͳͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͌ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰΒͰ;ͼͬͰͼͽͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͫͳͶͪ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ͪͷͳͼͪ͹ͯͪΒͰ΃͵͹Ͷͼ
ͽͬ͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͫͻͳ͸Ͱͯͻͱ͇ͪͬͪͽ͹ͷͰΒͰ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͺ͹ͯͻ͹ͫ͸͹ͻͪͲͷͳ΃
Γͪ͹ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳͯͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪt͸ͪͼͬͳͷͼͬ͹Βͳͷͼͽ;ͺΔͰͬͳͷͪΓ;ͯͰͳͲͭͻͪΌ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ΔͰ͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳͯͻͱͪͬͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸ͪͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͷi ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ

͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͼͰ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͯͻͱͳͳͽͰͲͰͯͪt΃͵͹Ͷͪ͹ͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪi ͳͼͽ͹
;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ
ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻtͼͽͪͻͰͯͻͱͪͬͰi ͵͹ΒͪΕͰͼͰtͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͲͳͽͳ;ΒͰͯ͸;ͬͰͶͳ͵;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒ;i ͳͼͽ͹
͌ͽ͹Β͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹͸ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͫͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ
͆ͪͯͪΓͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ͸ͳͼ;͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͬͰΕͺͻͰͯͼͽͪ
ͬΓͪΒ;ΔͰ͸ͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ ͹͸ͯͪͼͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͳͫ͹ΒͪͬͪͽͳͯͪΕͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͽͳΓ;ͯͰ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳt<>
͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪͬͻͼͽͪΓ;ͯͳ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͪͳͺͻͳͬ
ͻͰͯ͸ͪ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭͪͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬ͹͐͹ͬͰ͵ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ ͵ͪ͹ ;΂ͳͽͰΓ ͼͪͷ͹ ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͸ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͼͺͻͪͷ ͼͬ͹ͭ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪi
ͳͼͽ͹
. ͐͹ͬͰ͵;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͺͻͰͷͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͼ;ͯ; ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͰ;Ͳͼ͸ͪͭ;ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ͪͳ;΂ͳͽͰ
Γͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ͹ͯͯͻͱͪͬͰͳΔͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬͰͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳ
ͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͻͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͷͰΒ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͯͪͯͰͶͪΒ;
͊ͬͰͼͽ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͲͫ͹ͭͼͰͫͰͼͪͷ͹ͭ ;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;;͵͹ΒͰͷ
;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͯ;΃ͪ ͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸ͪΒͰ͋͹ͷͰͼ;ͺͻͳͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͺ;͵͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
ΔͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͪͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ;ΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͽͳͷ;ͬͰͲͳt͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ΃͵͹Ͷͪ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͬͻͰͷͰ
ͺͻͳͺ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͷ;i ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͰ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬͰͽͰͲͰͫͳͶͪ
ΒͰ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͼͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵;΂ͳ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳͷͲͪΒͪͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͻͱͪͬͳͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ͆ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͷ
;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹͸ tͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΒ; ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͯͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;Β;
ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͵͹ΒͰ;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͺͻͰͯͪΒ; ͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͳ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;i
ͳͼͽ͹
͇͸ͪΒ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͰͲͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪ;ͺ;ͼͽͳ;͹΁Ͱ͸;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͹͸ͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͬ͹ͷ͇͸ͪΒ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͰͲͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪ;ͺ;ͼͽͳ;͹΁Ͱ͸;ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͹͸ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ;ͬͳͯͳͯͪͱͳͬ͹
ͽ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳͲͻͪͼ
ͽͰtͼͪͷ͹ͳͲͯ;΃Ͱͳͽ͹͵ͪͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͫͳΕͰͼͽ͹Βͳ;͸;ͽͪͻ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱ
ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱi ͳͼͽ͹
́ͲͼͬͰͭͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͯͪͳͲͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪͺ͹ͽͳ΂ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪ
ͬͪΒ;ΕͰΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͰͼͬͰͽͪ ͭͯͰͷ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͼͺͰͽͳͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ͵͹Βͪ͹ͯ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͼͽͬͪͻͪͳͼͽͳ͸
ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͡;ͯͳ ͼ ͺͻͪ͵ͼ͹ͷ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͸ͪͼͽͪΕͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͳͲ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
ͽͪ͵ͬͰͬͻͼͽͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪ͸ͪͲͯͻͪͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͬͳ΃Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ
́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͰͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͭͶͰͫͳ
ͫͳͽͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;͵ͪͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹͹ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͬ͹ͼ;ͼͪͷ͹͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯͽͰ͹
ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰͲͪ ͪ;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͻͪͯͪͫͳΕͰͻͰ΂ͳ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ΒͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪͫͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ
ͷ͹ͭͶͪͫͳͽͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͪͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ
̸̸̸̸͇̺͈͉̺͇͉͇͍͉͊͆́̾̾͑̓̈́̾͌̽̈́͑͋͆̾͢͠
͈Ͱͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͽͰͷͰΓͳ͹͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͺ͹ͳͷͰ͸;Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵Ͱ
΁ͳͭͪͻͰͽͪ;͑ͽ;ͽͭͪͻͽ; ͵ͪ͹tͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪi̓ͪ͹͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ;ͼͬ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ
ΒͰ ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͼͺ͹Γͪ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰ͹ ͸Ͱ͵; ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬ; ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵; ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;͹ΒͰ̾ͷͳͶͅ͹Ͷͽ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͿͪͫͻͳ͵Ͱt̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿ– ̸ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪi͇ͬͪΒ΂͹ͬͰ͵ΒͰͫͳ͹;͸Ͱ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹Β
ͷͰͻͳͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͯͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳΔͰͷ;ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͿͪͫͻͳ͵Ͱͫ;ͯ;΁ͰΔͰ͸ͳͳͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ

͵ͪ͹Γ;ͯͳ̀ͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱͼ;͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͳ͵;ͻͼͰͬͳ ͳͲͯͪͬͪ͸΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͺͳͼͪ͸͸ͪͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ
Ͷͪͼ;͹ͫͯͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͲͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵;ͯͰ΁;ͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͷͰͻͰ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͫͳͶͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ
͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽt̾ͷͳͶͅ͹ͶͽΒͰͲͪͱͰͶͰ͹ͯͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͯ͹ͫͳΒ;͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͪͯͰ΁͇ͪͫ;ͲͰͽͽ͹ͷͱͰΓ͹ͷ ͹ͫͻͪͽͳ͹ͼͰ͉͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ;ͼͪͷ͹Ͷͫ͹ͷͯͪͷ;ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ
Δ;ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͺͻͳͿͪͫͻͳ΁ͳ͈͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ΒͰͫͳ͹;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͯ;ͬͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͼͪͶͳ
Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵Ͱ΁ͳͭͪͻͰͽ̺ͪͪͶͯ͹ͻͿ– ̸ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ;͑ͽ;ͽͭͪͻͽ;͑ͰͿͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪΒͰ͉ ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͹
͵ͪ͹ ʮ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͪʮ ̓ͪͶͭͻͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
i ͊Ͷ;΃ͪ͹΁ͳ ͼ; ͫͳͶͳ ͻͰͲͰͻͬͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͼͬͰ ͯ͹͵
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ͈ͪ͹΂Ͱ͹ΒͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹͸Ͱ΂Ͱͷ;΃ͽ͹Β͹΃͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶ͹
ͪͶͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃Δͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͶ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͵͹Βͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;
ͳ ͼͻͰͯΔ; ΃͵͹Ͷ; ͳ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͫͰͲ ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͼͶ͹Β;
ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͲͪͯ͹ͫͳ͹ͼͻ΁ͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͼͶ;΃ͪͶͪ΁͇ͪͬͪΒͽͻͰ͸;ͽͪ͵ͷ͸͹ͭͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͼ;͹ͺͳ
ͼͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͻ͹ΌͰΔͰ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ
ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪͱͰΓͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͪΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ ͲͪΔͰ͸͹͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ
ͅ͹ͶͽͼͰͬͰΕͯ;ͭ͹ͫͪͬͳ͹ͷͳ΃Γ; ͹ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔ;΃͵͹ͶͰ ͪͼͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͽ͹ͳͳͷͪ͹͸ͪͷͰͻ;ͯͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ;Ͳ
͉;ͯ͹ͶͿͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͪ̽ͬͪͯͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺͻͰͯͪͬͪΔͪ;tͯ;ͬͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͼͪͶͳi ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͬ͹ͭͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͭ
ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͪ ͅ͹Ͷͽͪͳͯͬͪͫ;ͯ;Εͪ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪ;͸͹ͬ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ͇͸ΒͰͯͪ͹΂ͳͽͪͬ͸ͳͲ
ͼͪͬͰͽͪͲͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷ;ͳͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͯ͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳ΀ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͹ͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ;ͼͪͽͳͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ
͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;Ͳͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ͈ͻͬͳͺ;ͽΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹;ͷͰΕͰ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͳͼ΁ͻͺ͸͹ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͹;
̓;ͻͼ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰ͇ͬͪΒ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͼͬͳͷͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰ
ͬͰͲͰͼͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ;ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͪͷͫͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰ
ͼͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;;Ͳͺ͹Βͪͷͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ͇͸ΒͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼͬͰΓ;ͯͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯ
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳͳͲ͸ͰͽͰ;̓;ͻͼ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͳͲͻͳ΂;ͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵͹ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ
ΒͰͻ ͼͰ ͽͰͱͳ Ͳͪ ͽͳͷͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͫͪ΁Ͱ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ ͑͵͹Ͷͪ ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͫͳͽͳ
ͼͪͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͰ͸͹Βͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ͌ͬͳ΃͹Βͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸͹Βͯ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳ
ͻͪͽͳ̺ͻͰͷͰͯ͹ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͬͪ͵ͳͫͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ;͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸͹Β
΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͪͼ͸ͪͭͪͻͪͼ;ΌͳͬͪΔͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͲͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ
͆͹ͬ; ΃͵͹Ͷ; ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ΒͰ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪ ͇͸ ΒͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͹ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵Ͱ
΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ͳ ͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪ ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͲ͹ͻͪ ̓ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ
ͺ͹΂ͰͶͪͼͻͪͯ͹ͷͳͷͪͶͪΒͰ͹ͼͪͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͳ͹͵͹ͽͻͳͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸Ͱ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͆͹ͼͳͶͪΒͰͳͷͰͿͪͫͻͳ͵Ͱͼ͵͹Β͹ͷ
ΒͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͪΓ;ͯͳ;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪ– ͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ
͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻΒͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͹;ͻͪͯ;΃͵͹ͶͰ ͺͻͰͷͯͪΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ͹;̽͹͸ͪͻ΀;ͳ
ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͫͳ͹ ͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ Ͳͪͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ t̓ͪͻ͹Ͷͳ͸ ͬ͹͸ ͎ͪΒͯͻ͹ͫͪ͸ͯ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͼͺͪͯͪͶͪ ͷͰΌ; ͺͻͬͰ
;΂ͳͽͰΓͰ;͹ͬ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ͹ͺͳͼͪͶͪΒͰ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵ΔͳͲͳ͹ͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͳͲͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;
ͻͪͯͪͼͪͷͰ΃͵͹ͶͰ͌ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͼ;ͼͰͼͬͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͼ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳ͊ͬͰͯ͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳ΀ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͳͲ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͳ΀ͼͽͪͶͰͱͪͱͳͬͰͶͳͼ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹́͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͫͳͶͪΒͰΒͰͺͻͬͪͳ͸ͽͰ
ͭͻͪͶ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͹ͬ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͪͼͬͰͯ͹͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͭͻͪͲͻͰ̻ͯͪͳͷ͸ͪͲͳ
ΒͪͶ΁ͳ ͽΒΌͪ΁ͳͼͻͰͯΔͰͯ͹ͫͳ ͫͳͶͳͼ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹;ͼͬͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪ̽Ͱ΂ͪ΁ͳͳͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁ͰͫͳͶͳͼ;ͲͪΒͰ
ͯ͸͹͊ͬͰΒͰͽ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰi ̓ͪͶͭͻͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
͉ͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͳͽͰ΃͵͹Εͪͼͪ

ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻΒͰͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͪͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͬͪ͵;ͽͰ΃͵͹Ε;ͽͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰͼͪ͸ͳͻͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͰͽͪ ͑ͽ;ͽͭͪͻͽ; ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹ ; ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ
͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͭͪͯͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ΒͰ;΃ͪ͹;ΒͰͯͪ͸ͭͶͪͼͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͻͪͲͻͰͯ ;Ͳͺͻͳ΂;͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ
ͭͻͪͯ;ͳΒͰͯ͸͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ;͵͹Β͹Βͼ;ͯͰ΁ͪ͸ͰͬͪΓͪͶͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳͳͷͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͲͫ͹ͭ
ͽ͹ͭͪͳͷͪͽͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳ͈͹ͽ͹ͷͳͷΒͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͹ͽ͹ͷͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͼͰͯͰ΁ͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ
̓͹ͯͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͰͽͰ΃͵ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ ͭͯͰͼ;;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͫͳͶͳͫͰͼͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ ͬͻͶ͹ͼͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͪͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ
͵͹ͼͽ͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͼͪͬͰͽͪ͌͸ͪΒ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻΒͰͺ͹ͷͪͭͪ͹;΂ͳ
ͽͰΓͳͷ͈ͪ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸ͳͲͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪͭͯͰΒͰ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͯͰ΁ͳͺͻͳͽͳ΁ͪ͹;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͳͼͪͬͰͽͳͳ;ͺ;ͽͼͽͬͪ
;ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼͶͰͯͳͶͳͼ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͳͲ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͰͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ
͆ͪ ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ΒͰ ͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ ͳ ͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪ͹ ͹ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ
͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;ͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͭͯͰͽͰͽͪ ͹ͺͳͼ;
Β;Εͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯ͹ͫͳ͹;ͺ;ͽͼͽͬͪͲͪ ͯͳΒͪͭ͸͹ͲͰͳͽͰͻͪͺͰ;ͽͼ͵ͰͷͰͻͰ͌ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ;ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ
ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͼͰtͯͰ΂ͪ͵͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽͳ;ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹Β͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ ͬͰΕΒͰͺ͹΀ͪΌͪ͹ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳͻͪͲ
ͻͰͯ͆ͪͼͳͶ͸͹΂;ΌͰΔͰ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪͳͶͰ͵ͪͻͪ ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͼͰͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹͸ͪͯͪ͹;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹͹Ͳͯͻͪͬ
ΓͰΔͰi ̓ͪͶͭͻͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳͬͪ͹ t΂ͳͽͪͬ ͸ͳͲ ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ
ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͷͰͻͪi͵ͪͯͪͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼͬͪ͵ͪͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͪͅ͹ͱͰͼͰͼͽͰΕͳ;ͽͳͼͪ͵ͯͪΒͰͺͻ̺ͬͪͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͫͳͶͪ;ͼͽͪ͸͹
ͬΓͰ͸ͪͲͪtͽͰ΃͵;iͯͰ΁; 3 ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ;ͳͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ;ͻͪͯ;ͼͯͰ΁͹ͷͼͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ;
ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ;͉;ͯ͹ͶͿͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͫͳͶͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͲͪ΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪͼͯͰ΁͹ͷͼ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪͯ͹ͼͺͰͬͪͶͳͼ;;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ ͻͪͲͻͰͯ ͵͹Βͳ
ΒͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͹ͫ;΂Ͱ͸;΂ͳͽͰΓ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͼͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͺͪͱΔ͹ͷͺͻͪͽͳ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͻ̹ͪͯ;ͯ;
ΕͳͯͪͼͰͶͰ͵΁ͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͳͻͪΔͰ͸ͪͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳ;΂ͳͽͰΓ–;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ ͪͯͳͼ΁ͳ
ͺͶͳ͸ͪͼͰͭͻͪͯͳͶͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪͳͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ͹ͫͪͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
̸̸̸͈̻͇̻̺͇͉͍͇̾̽́̈́̽͊̓̾͑̓̈́̾͠
͆ͪͷͰͻͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ̾ͷͳͶͅ͹Ͷͽ΀ͽͰ͹ͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͷ;ͬͰͲͳͼ;ͼͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͳ;ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͰͻͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰ
ͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͺ͹ΌͰ͹ͯͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ͰͬͻͰͷͰ̽Ͱ΁ͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͬͪͼͺͳͽͪͬͪΒ;ͳͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͺ͹ͯ;΂ͪͬͪΒ;͵ͪ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͷ΁ͳΓ;ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;
Γ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼͬͪ͵ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹͵͹Β͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ;ͬͰ͵
͸ͪΕͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͼ;͸΁Ͱͷ̽ͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͳͻͪͲ;ͷ͸ͳΓ;ͯͳͱͰͶͰͽͪ͵ͬ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱ
ͽͰͱͰͼͪͷ͹͵ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͷͲ͸ͪΔ; ͬͰΕͳ͵ͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔ;ͬ͹ΓͰ̻ͻͰ΃͵ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ;
ͬͰͲͳͼ͹ͬͳͷͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͵͹΂Ͱͼͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ ͸Ͱͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰ;΂͹ͬͰ΂ͳΒͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͸͹ͼͳͳͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͬͰΕͼ;ͭͻͰ΃͵ͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ;ͽͰͲͳͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱͭ;Β;͹͸ͪͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ;ͯͪͻ
͸ͪͼ͸ͪͭͪͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ
3
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪXXX.zvPOFDJLFETSCJKB.com/obrazovanje/XBMEPSGͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹15. 9. 2015.

̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪΒͰͲͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ͵͹Βͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱͺ͹ͯ;΂ͪͬͪ͸ͪͽͪΒ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸΃ͽ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͺͶͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͭͻͪͯͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͱͳͬͰͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͫͳΕͪ
΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵; ͳͽ͹ͼͬͰͯ͹͵ͭ͹ͯ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ; ͹ͯͪ΃ΔͳͷͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͫͳͶ͹
ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͉ͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͯͪͼ;ͯͰ΁ͪ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͯͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;Β;;ͽ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͯͪ
ͼ;ͷ͹ͭͶͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͽͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺͻͰͯΔͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹͹͸ͯͪ΃ΔͰͬͻͰͷͰ
̽ͰͽͰΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͪͬͪ͸͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ;;Ͳͻͪͼͽ;;͵͹ΒͰͷͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͰͯ;΃Ͱͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸;
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;͌ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͭͻ͹ΌͰΔͪͺͪͼͬͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷΒͰ
;ͻͰΌͰ͸͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͼͰ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪΔͰͷ;ͼͪͼͬͳͷͫͶͳͼ͵͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰΓ;ͯͳ ͳͲ
͵͹ΒͰͭ ͼͰ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε ͺ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰͭ ͳ͸ͼͽͳ͵ͽͪ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β; ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ̻ͶͰͯͪ͸͹ ͼ ͹ͬͰ
ͽͪ΂͵Ͱ ͯ;΃ͪͼͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͲͪͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ͸ͪͯͰͽͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪͬͪͼ
ͺͳͽͪ΂ͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ̀ͪ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͫͳͽ͸ͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
ͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͪ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͺͻͳ͵ͻͪΒ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͋ͪͯͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹̸ͭ͠ͺ͹ͺͻͳͷͪͽͪ͵ͬ;Ϳ͹ͻͷ;͵͹ΒͪͯͰͽͰͽ;ͺͻ;ͱͪͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳ
ͻ͹ͯͳ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͯͰͽͰͽ; ͷ͹ͱͰ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ ͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ͷͰΌ;
ͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷͪ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ͹͸͹ͯ͹ ͽͪͯͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͶ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͲͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͳͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͪͺͻͰͷͪΓ;ͯͳͷͪ
͌͹ͬ͹Β΃͵͹ͶͳͷͶͪͯ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͵͹Βͪͷ;ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͯͪ ͸ͪΌͰͼͪͷ͹ͭͼͰͫͰͳ
͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹;͵Γ;΂ͳ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳͼͽͻ;΂͸ͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ̽Ͱ΂ͪ΁ͳͳͯͰͬ͹Β΂ͳ΁Ͱͯ͹ͫͳ
ΒͪΒ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ; ͳͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ͹ͷͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͰ
ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;͌ͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͹ͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ;ͳͼͽ͹ͷͻͪͲͻͰͯ;– ͪͶͳ͸ͳͼͰͶͰ͵΁ͳΒͰͯͪͻ͹ͬͳ
ͽͳ΀;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ;Β;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͆ͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͳΒͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͰ
tͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;ͯͪͺ͹ͷͪͱ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͷͪΔͰ͹ͫͯͪͻͰ͸ͳͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳͷͪi̽ͪͫͳͼͰtͳͲͫͰͭͶ͹΁Ͱͺ͵ͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭ
ͺͶͪ͸ͪ ͲͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ;Ͱͺ͹΀ͪͷͪ ͹ͯͯͬͪ΂ͪͼͪ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͯͪ͸ͪ;ͽ͹͵;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͯͰΓ͇ͪ͸ͯͪ
ͼͰͷͰΔͪͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͌΂ͰͼͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͸ͪͬͰͱͫͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͲͳ
΁ͳ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ Ͳͪ͸ͪͽͳ ͽͰͶͰͼ͸͹ͬͰͱͫͪΔͰ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ
ͳͰ;ͻͳͽͷͳΒͪi ̓ͪͶͭͻͰ͸
ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͺͳͼͪΔͰΒͰͫͳͽ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰͳͲ΁ͻͽͪΔͪ́ͺͪ͵ͼͰtͳͲ΁ͻͽͪΔͪͻͪΌͪͺͳͼͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ
ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͪͺͪͱΔ;;ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭi ͯͪ͵ͶͰ tͪ͵͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͲͻͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͳͲ ͯͰ΂ΒͰͭ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳͲͬ;΂Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ ͹͸ͯͪ ΕͰ
ͽͰͱͳͽͳ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ;ͱͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ; ͺͻͬ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͻͰͯ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ ΃͵͹ͶͰi
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ

͇ͯͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒΒͰͼͽͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͯͰͽͰͺͻͰͳͼͽͰ͵ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͰͽ;͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ;͸Ϳͪ͸ͽͪͲͳΒͰ ΒͰͻ΂͹ͬͰ͵ΒͰͳͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͳͪͽͪ͵͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹
ͳͼͽ͹
̸͵͹ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂͸Ͱ;ͷͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͺ;ͼͽͳͿͪ͸ͽͪͲͳΒͳ ͹͸ͯͪ ͺ͹ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻͪ ͹͸
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͯͰͽͰ͸ͪ;΂ͳͯͪͷͪ΃ͽͪͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰͯ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͽͳͯͪ;ͫͪΒ͵͹ͬͳͽ͹ͷ ͷͪ΃ͽ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͷ
ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;;ͯ;΃ͳͯͰͽͰͽͪͲͪͱͳͬͳͼͬͰͽͫͳΓͪ͵ͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͪ ͲͬͰͲͯͪͳͬͪͲͯ;΀ͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͽͳͺͪ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳͷͪͼͬ͹Β΀͹ͻͳ͹ͻ͵Ͱͼͽͪͻ͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ; ͯͰ΁ͪͼ;ͳͷͪͶͪͺ͹ͱͰΓͳͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪͳΔ;ΒͰ
͹ͫͪͬΓͪͶ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ͷͰͽͪΒͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͺ͹ͬͰͻͳ΁ͻ͵ͬͪ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ;Β;΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹Β͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ
ͺͻͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹;͵ͰͳͲ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒ̺ͪͰͶͳ͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͼͰͺͻͳ
ͯͪͬͪ͹ͳͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪͳͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ͸ͪͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ ¢ ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓ͌ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ;

͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͳͬͰ΂ͰͻΔͳͼͪͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͰͽͻͳΒͪͯͰͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͌ͶͰͽ͹ͳ͹
̹͹ͱͳΕ;͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͺͻͳͻͰͯͫͰ ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͷͰͼͰ΁ͪͺͻͳͻͰΌͳͬͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͻͪͲ͸Ͱ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͳͻͰ
ͯͫͰ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬ͹Γ͸;ͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻ;;͵͹Β͹ΒͱͳͬͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̸͇͈͈̻͇͇͉͑͋̾̾̽͑̓̾̽̾̽͆́͏̸̸̸̸̸̸̺͇̻͈͈͉͇̻͉̾͆͊͋͆̈́͆́͌ͅ
̸̺͇͉͍͇͇̈́̽͊̓͑̓̈́́͠ ̸̸͇̹̹͈͉̺͇͉̓̾́́̈́̾́̾́̾͌̽͆͑̾́͢͢͠͠ͅ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠
̺ͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪͶͳͼ; ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ͭ
͸ͳͽͳͬ͸͹ Ͱͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ͵͹͸ͪͽͳͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͪͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͪ
͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͷͶͪͯͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͼ;ͼͻͰΕͰ͇͸ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͸ͪ;΂ͳ
͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͷͪΔͳͷͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͳ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͳ͋ͰͷͰΓ͸ͪͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ
ͼͰ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ; ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͬͰͽ; ͪ ͸Ͱ
ͺ;͵͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪ͊ͬͰͬͰΕͪͼͺͰ
΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͰͺͶͪͬ
ΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ;ͼͬͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ
͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰͳͲ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ΔͰ͸ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΁ ͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͪͷ͹ΔͰ͸͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ
͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽ ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͪ ; ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹Β͸ͪͷͰͻͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ
Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸͹ ͼͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒ͹ͷͯͪͼͰͳͯͪΓͰͭ;ͫͳ
ͳͯͪͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͼͰΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͯͪΓͰͷ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔ;̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰ΃͵͹ͶͰ͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͰͷͶͪͯͳ΀Γ;ͯͳͲͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹
ͼ;΂ͰΓͪͬͪΔͰͼͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵;
͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔ;ͷͶͪͯͳ΀
͈ͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͹͸ͯͪ΃ΔͰͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ΒͰͼͽͰͬͻ΀;͸ͼ͵ͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰ͹ͬͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͫͳͶͪ
;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͪ͋ͳͷͰΒͰͺͻͰ̺ͯͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵;΃͵͹Ͷ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͷ͸͹ͭ͹΃ͳͻͳͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸ͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵
ͽͰͶͰͼ͸͹ ͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸͹ͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰͷͶͪͯ͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͳͷ ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ
ΓͪͼͰͫͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͰͲͪͯͪͽ͵Ͱ
1. ͺͻ;ͱͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
2. ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͪͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻΔͰͷΒͰͲͳ͵;
3. ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͽͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ͹͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ;Ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔ; ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Β
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳ
4. ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͼ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
5. ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ;΂ͰΔͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪ ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͽͰͶͰͼ͸͹ͭ ͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼͪ
ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͷͪͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ4
́Ͳ͹ͬͳ΀͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͳ͸ͳͲͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀ͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͪͽ͹ͼ;
̸
ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ
̹
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͺͻͰͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;
4
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪXXX.[WPOFDJLFETSCJKB.com/obrazovanje/XBMEPSGͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹15. 9. 2015.

̺
ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ;ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹;ͲͯͪΔͪ

̻
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͳͬͰͱͫͪΔͰ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͰ
ͷͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͷͰͻͳͶͳͷͪ

̽
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͚
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͲ͸ͪΔͪͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ
͆ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͽ͵; ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͭͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ

ͺͻͰͯ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ΒͰͼ;Ͳͪ΂Ͱ΁ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͺͻͰͷͪ;΂ͰΔ;͵͹ΒͰͫͳͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹
ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
̸̸̸͇͇̺͇͉͍͇͇̽͆͊͌͐́͋̾́͌͐̾͆́̓͌̈́̽͊̓͑̓̈́́͡͠
͆ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͬͪ ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ Ͳͪ ͹͸ͯͪ΃ΔͰ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ ͬͻͶ͹
ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͪ͸͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁ͪͺͻͳͼͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ;͸ͳͱͳͷͻͪͲͻͰ
ͯͳͷ͈ͪͻͰͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳͬͪ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͰͲͪͯͪͽ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͺ͹ͫ;Ό;
Β;Ͳͪ͸ͳͷͪΔͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ5 ͊ͽͻ͹ͭ͹ͳͲ͸;Όͳͬͪ͸;ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸;͹͸ΒͰ͹ͯͶ;΂͸͹͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪ͹̹ͪͬΓͰΔͰ΂Ͱͽ
͵ͳ΁͹ͷ ͳ ͫ͹Βͪͷͪ ͻͰ΁ͳͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃͸͹ͷ ͳͭͻ͹ͷ ͺͰͬͪΔͰͷ ͳ ͼͬͳͻͪΔͰͷ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ;
;΂ͳ͹͸ͳ΁ͳ΃ͪͻ͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͷͳͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͸ͳͷ͊;ͯͰΕͳͺ͹ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳͷͷͰͻͳͶͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪΒ;΃͵͹ͶͳΒͰͫͳ͹
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͸ ͳ ͸Ͱͳͼ΀ͳͽͻͰ͸ ͌ ͬͳ΃ͳͷ ͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼ; ͳͷͪͶͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ͹ ͵͹Β͹Β ͼ; Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ
ͬͻ΃Δͪ΁ͳ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͭͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΒͪͷͪͷ͹ͭͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͷͪ΃ͽͪΒ;
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ;΂ͳͽͰΓ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ;ͼͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͻͰͯ;ͳͷͪ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;͌΃͵͹Ͷͳ
ͼͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪ͸ͪ͵ͻ;ͽͳͷͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳͷͯ͹ͭͷͪͷͪ ͬͰΕͼͰ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ͼͪͼͬͰ;͵;ͺ͸ͳͷͯ;΀͹ͷ
ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ ͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻΒͰt΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͹ ;΂ͳͽͰΓͰ ;
ͽ͹ͷͼͷͰͻ;ͯͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͷͯͰͽͰͽ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͰ͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͹ͫͳ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͵ͻͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
– ͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͲͪͭ͹͸Ͱͽ͵ͪ͵͹Β;;΂ͳͽͰΓͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͻͰ΃ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ;ͷͰΕͰͷ͹ͫͪͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ;Γ;ͫͪͬͳ ͼͬͰ
ͯ͹͵ͽͪΒͷͶͪͯͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵͸Ͱͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰͼͪͷͼͰͫͰi ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;ͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͺͻͬͳͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͲͪ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪ;ͼͬͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͬ͹ͯͰ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪ
ΒͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪͺ͹ͯ;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺͻͰͷͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͳͷͼͪͯͻ
ͱͪΒͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͷ͹ͬͪͽͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͳͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͷͪͼͰͼͪͬͰͽ;ΒͰͯͪ
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ ; ͻͪͲͻͰͯ ͼͬͰͱͳ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰ͸ͪ ͯ;΀ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼ;͹΂Ͱ ͼͪ ;ͬͰ͵
͸͹ͬͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͲͪͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ΒͰͻ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒͰ– ͸ͳͽͳ͹͸ͪ
ͼͪͷͪ ͸ͳͽͳͳΒͰͯͪ͸ΔͰ͸ͯͰ͹ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰ͸ͪ;΂ͳͽͳ ;ͺͪͷͽͳͽͳͳͶͳͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪͽͳ ͬͰΕΒͰͱͳͬͪͳ
ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͰ͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪ;ͯ;΃ͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͭͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͪ̀ͪͽ͹ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ
ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͰͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͰ͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͳͷ Ͳͪ;΂ͳͽͰΓ̺ͪͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ͹ͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵ͳͷͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷͪ ͬͰΕ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͯ;΀ͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ
5
XXX.EFUFQMVT.rs/WBMEPSGQFEBHPHJKBSVEPMGsteinerosnovaWBMEPSGTLFQFEBHPHJKF.html
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹25. 9. 2015.

ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͯͪͭͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;΂ͳͷͼͰͺͻͰͯΔͳͷͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͳͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͺ͹΂͸ͰͯͪͳͷͼͰ͹ͫͻͪ
Εͪ̀ͫ͹ͭ΂Ͱͭͪͼ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪͬͳͯͳͼͰͬͰΕͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β
͸ͳ΀͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ;Ͳͻͪͼͽͳͷͪ
– ͆ͪ ͺͻͬ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸͹ͷ ͼͽͪͯͳΒ;ͷ; ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͯͰ΁Ͱ ;Ͳͻͪͼͽͪ ͯ͹ ͼͰͯͪͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼ;͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͳͬͪ͆ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ;ͫͳͽ͸ͪΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂ͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͯͰͽͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͯͰͶ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͽͳ̽ͰͽͰͽ;ΒͰ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳ
ͽ͹ͬͪͱ͸͹͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ; ͪͶͳͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ΂͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ ͹ͯͳ΃ͰͼͻͰΕ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͪΒͰ
ͼͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸ͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸͹ͷͫͰͲ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͷΓ;ͫͪͬΓ;ͺͻͰͷͪ ͯͰ΁ͳ̽Ͱ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͪͱͳͬͰ
;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Βͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͳͺ;͸͹ΒΓ;ͫͪͬͳͳͽ͹ͺͶͳ͸ͰͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͳͳͲͪ
Δͳ΀͸ͪΒͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
– ͆ͪ͵͹͸ ͼͰͯͷͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷ ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͳ ͼͽͪͯͳΒ;ͷ ;΂ͳͽͰΓͰͬͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͺ͹΂ͳΔ;ͯͪ
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ; ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ; ͪͶͳ ͽͰ͵ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͰ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β; ͳ ͳͲͻͪͲͰ ͼͶͳ͵͹ͬͳͽ͹
͵ͻ͹Ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ;ͯͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͰͽͪͲ͸ͪ
Δ͇ͪͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱͺ;ͽͪͯ͹ͼͪͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪͯͰ΁Ͱ͵͹Βͪͼ;Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ͺͻͪͬͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱ͸͹ͯͪ
;΂ͳͽͰΓͲͪͳͼͽͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͵͹ΒͳͯͰ΁ͪͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹;΂ͳͽͰΓ;
ͼͰͫͳ͸͹ͼͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͼ;ͬͳ΀ ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͳͶͪ͸ͳ΀΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͳ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͹͸ͺͻͰͯͪΒͰͯͰ΁ͳͳͲͺ;͵͹ͭ
͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͰ΁ͪͭͪ͸ͰΕͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ
– ͌ͽͻͰΕͰͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸͹ͷͼͽͪͯͳΒ;ͷ; ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
tͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹͵͹ΒͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ;΂ͳͽͰΓͺ͹ͼͰͯ;
ΒͰi ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷ;Ͳͻͪͼͽ;ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͼ;ͯͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽ;Β;ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪ
ͳͷΒͰ;΂ͳͽͰΓ͵ͪ͹ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͺͻͰͯͪ͹ ͪͶͳͳ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪͼͪͯͪͺ͹ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ;΂Ͱ͌ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ
ͼ͵ͳͷ;΂ͰΔͳͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻΒͰtͯ͹ͼͽͪͺͪͱΔͰͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳ͹;΂ͰΔ;͹ͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͊ͷͪͽͻͪ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͳ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͳ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΒ;;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͪͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͷͰ͸ͽͪ͵͹ͶͰͻͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͼͪ͸ͭͬͳ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͷͰͶͪ͸΀͹Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭͳͿͶͰͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͭi ̓ͪͶͭͻͰ͸
ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹;͹ͬ͹Β΃͵͹ͶͳΒͰͼͽͰͽͰͱΔͪͳͽͻͪͭͪΔͰͲͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹΃Ε;ͯͪ;΂ͳ
ͽͰΓ͸ͰͷͰΔͪ͹ͯͰΓͰΔͰ;ͽ͹͵;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪΒͰͯ͸͹Βͭͻ;ͺͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͫ;ͯͰ;΂ͳ
ͽͰΓͷͪ͵ͪͻ;͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ;ͽ͹͵;͹ͼͷ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͭ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͑ͽ͹ͼͰͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͻͳͽͷͪͽͳ΂Ͱ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯͰͽͰͱͳͬͳ;ͻͳͽͷ;ͫ;ΌͰΔͪͳͼͺͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͪͷΕͰΔͪͳͲͪͫ͹
ͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ͌ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͺͶͪ͸ͪͼͪͽͳͳ΃ͳͻͳ΀ͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;
ͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ;ͷͰΕͪ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;
– ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͻͳͽͪͷ
– ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͺ͹Ͱͺ͹΀ͪͷͪͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ΁ͳΒ;
– ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͬͰͱͫͪΔͰͼͶ;ͱͳ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔ;ͬ͹ΓͰ ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͻͰ΂ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ
ͳͼͽ͹

XXX.en.cameleo.com/SFBEDE51c417c350ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹1. 9. 2015.

͌ͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳͷ΃͵͹ͶͪͷͪΒͰ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹ͭͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔͪͻͪͯͪͲͪͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͪ͸
;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͅͳͼͪ͹͸͹ͫͪͬΓͰΔͰͲͪͯͰͽͰ͸ͪΒͶͪ͵΃ͰΒͰ;Β;ͽͻ;͑͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳͯͪ͸ͼͽ͹ͭͪͲͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ
ͷͪ ͵͹ͯ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͫͳͽͳ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͺͻͰͯ͹΂ͪͬͪΔͰ
͊ͬͪ͵ͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͼͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸ͰͯͰΓͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͭΒ;ͽͻͪͺͻͰͯͪΒͰ;ͽͲͬͭͶͪͬ͸͹Β͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ͵ͪ͹ͬͰΕͪ
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ͆ͪ͵͹͸ͽ͹ͭͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ͹͸ͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ͵͹ΒͳͳͲͳͼ͵;Β;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͻͳͽͷͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ
͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͼͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ΂ͪͼ͹ͬͳͷͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͲͳ΁ͳ Ͱ;ͻͳͽͷͳΒͪ ͬͰͱͫͪ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ͬͰͻ
ͼ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ
͉;΂͸ͳͻͪͯ ͬͰͱͫͪΔͰͲͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͻͪͯ;ͬͻͽ;ͳͬͰͱͫͰͳͲͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͺͶͪ
͸ͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰͲͪ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͺͻͰͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͳͶͳͲͪͺ͹ͺ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͺͪͷΕͰΔ;ͳͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ;ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͺͻͰ
ͬͳ΃ͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͯͰ΁ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;;ͷ͹ͻ͸ͪ͌͸ͳͱͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪ;΂ͳͽͰΓͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺͪͲͳͽͳ͸ͪͽ͹͸͵͹Βͳͷ
ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ;Β;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͳͬ͹ ΒͰͻͽͳͷͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ; ;ͽͳ΂;ͳ͸ͪͲͯͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͹
ͼͽͪΔͰͯͰ΁Ͱ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
t̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪiΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ͵͹Β;΂ͳ͸ͰͺͻͬͪͯͬͪΒ;ͽͪͻΔͪͼͪͽͪ̀ͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͼͽ͹ͭͪͽͲͬ
ͻͳͽͷͳ΂͵ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͵͹Βͪ;͸ͳͱͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪͽͻͪΒͰͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͷͳ͸;ͽ͇ͪ͸ͯͰ΁;ͫ;ͯͳ Ͳͯͻ;ͱ;ΒͰͳ΀;
ͻͪͲͻͰͯ͸;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ͽͰͳ΀;ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;͊ͬͳͻͪͼͰ ͺͰͬͪͳͻͰ΁ͳͽ;ΒͰ ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰͻͳͽͷͳ
΂͵ͰͬͰͱͫͰͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͰͺΓͰͼ͵ͪΔͰͷͻ;͵;ͳͶ;ͺ͵ͪΔͰͷ͸͹ͭͪͷͪ̽Ͱ΁ͪͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͬͰͱͫͪͷͪt͵;Ͷͽͳͬͳ΃;iͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹ͽ͹ͷͼͰͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΔͰͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͭͻͪͯͳͬͪ
͹ͯ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͯͪ͸ͪ ͳͲ ΔͰͭͪ ͳͲͬͶͪ΂ͳ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓ;ΒͰ ́Ͳ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͶͰͯͳͰͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͰͭͻͪͯͳͬͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪΌͳͬͪ͸͹
͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;΂ͳͽͰΓ͸ͪͯ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ͈ͻͳ͵ͪͲͳ ͼͪͱͰ΁ͳͳ΁ͻͽͰͱͳ;͸͹ͼͰͼͰ;ͫͰͶͰͱ͸ͳ΁;ͽͰ΁ͰͶͳ͸Ͱ͊ͪͽ
΂ͪͼ
Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͼͰͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͯ͸ͳͷͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷͰΔͪ͹ͯͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͯ͹ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͳ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ΂ͳͽͪͬͰΒͰͯ͸Ͱ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͫͪΒ͵Ͱ;ͺͻͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͻͰͯ; Ͳͪͽͳͷ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͷͻͪͲͻͰͯ;ͫͪͼ͸Ͱͳ
ͶͰͭͰ͸ͯͰ ͫͳͫͶͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳ΂Ͱ ͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͭͻ΂͵Ͱͺͻͳ΂Ͱ͹ͫ͹ͭ͹ͬͳͷͪͳ΀Ͱͻ͹Βͳͷͪ.
͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪͺͻͰͷͪ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬͳͷͰͺ͹΀ͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͻ;΂͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ Ͱ;ͻͳͽͷͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ ͺ͹ΓͰ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ ͹ͯ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀
ͻͳͽͷ͹ͬͪͳͬͰͱͫͳͼͪ΃ͽͪͺ͹ͬͳͷͪ;ͺͻͬͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͬͰΕͬͻͶ͹͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪ͸ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹Β
ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͲͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͶͳͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͯͻͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ̀ͪͽͳͷ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͺ͹Ͱͺ͹΀ͪ
ͷͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ Ͳ͹͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ; ͫ͹ͽͪ͸ͳ͵; ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪ
ͿͳΒ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͭͰ͹ͷͰͽͻͳΒ; ͿͳͲͳ͵;ͳ΀ͰͷͳΒ;
͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻΒͰ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͹͸ͪͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸Ͱͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;΂͹ͬͰ͵;͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͫ;ͯͰͽͰ͵;ͷͶͪͯͪͶͪ΂͵ͳͷ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͪ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͳ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ
;͵;ͼͪ ͽͰͽͰͱΔͰͲͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ;ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͻͰ
ͯͪΒͰ ͹ͯ ͯͰͬͰͽ͹ͭ ͯ͹ ͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭ ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ; ͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬ͹Β ͬͳͲͳΒͳ ͫͳͶͳ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ
; ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸; ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪ;ͬͳ΃ͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷ̺ͪͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ
͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͼͰͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰͽͰͷͰΓͳͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͯͻͱͪΔ;͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͬͰΕ
ͳ;ͯ;ͫͳ͸ͳ͸ͪ;΂͸͹Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹͈ͻͬͳ͵͹ͻͪ΁ͳ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ;ͽ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͼͰͺͻͳ͵ͻͪΒ;΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ;
͸ͳͱͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪ͋ͰͷͰΓ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͼͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ;͹ͯͯͰͬͰͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ ͪͽͰͱͰͳͼͽ͹ͷ΁ͳΓ;͆ͪͼͽͪͬ;
ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͼͽͻ;΂͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼ;ͺͻͰͯͪͬͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀ tͲ͸ͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀i
ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹
;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͌΂ͳͽͰΓ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͽ;ͺΔ;͸Ͱͷͪͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ΕͰͭͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ
̺ͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͰͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹΃͵͹;ͷͰΕͰ

͇͸ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͯͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͪͼͬͰͭͪ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹͵ͪͱͰ ͳͽ͹͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹
ͳ ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ͊ͬͳ ͳͼ͵ͪͲͳ ͷ͹ͭ; ͫͳͽͳ ͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ ; ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͪ ͼͬͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
ͬͻͰͯ͸ͪͼ;ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ͐ͪͼ͹ͬͳͼͰͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͰ͈ͻͳ
ͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱ Ͱͺ͹΀Ͱ ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͵Ͷͳͷͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͭͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ΀ͰͷͳΒͪ ͿͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͪ ͳͽͯ

͸ͪͯͪͼͬͰ ͹ͼ͹ͫͳͽ͹ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ;Β; Ͳͪ ͬͰͱͫͪΔͰ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ͳ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ̾͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽͳ
;΂ͳͽͰΓͪͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͼͬͰͯ͹ͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͽͰͷͰΓ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ
͈ͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪ ΒͰͽͪ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͰͭͲͪ͵ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͻͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ ; ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͷ͹ͱͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͯ͹ͲͪͫͶ;ͯͰ̓ͪͯͪͼͰͳͲͬͶͪ΂ͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳ ͹͸ͯͪͬͻͰͯͳͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹
ͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸͵͹ͻͪ͵͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͫͳͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳͷͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ
͸ͳͷ̻ͪͻͪͯͳͬ͹͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ;ͬͳ΃ͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪͬͻͶ͹ΒͰ͹ͺͼͰͱ͸͹͌΂ͰΔͰ;ͼͬͰ
ͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳͲͳͼ͵;ΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͸ͪ͸ͭͪͱͷͪ͸;ͻͪͯ;͸ͪͼͻͰΌͳͬͪΔ;ͫͰͶͰͱ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͲͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀
͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀Ͱͺ͹΀ͪ;ͳͲͻͪͯͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͳͻͰͿͰͻͪͽͪ͌ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͷ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͷ
ͻͪͲͻͰͯ; ͹ͼͳͷ͹ͬ͹ͭͪ ͳͲͻͪΌ;Β;ͼͰͽͰͷͰΓ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͳͲͫ͹ͻ;͆Ͱ͵ͳ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͫͳͻͪΒ;;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͶͳͲͪ͸ͪͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͳͳͬ̽ͻ;ͭͳͺͪ͵ͳͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͳͶͳ
͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;͸ͳͲͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯ
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͺ͹΀ͪΌͪͶͳ̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵;΃͵͹Ͷ; ͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷͲͪ ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͻͪͯͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ;͹΂Γͳͬ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͰ
ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͻͪ͸͹;ͺͻͰͭ͸;ͽ ͸ͳͽͳͼ;ͺͪ͵ͺͻͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͻͪͶͳͯͪ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵;ͷͰͻ;ͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪΔ͇ͪ͸ͳͼͪͻͪͯ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶ͹ͷ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹΃Ε;;ͺ;Ε;Β;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͽ͹ͼͬͰ͵͹
Ͷͳ͵͹ͭͻͪͯͳͬ͹͸͹ͬͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ͵͹Βͪͳ΀͹΂Ͱ͵;ΒͰ;ͬͳ΃ͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͼͰͯͻͱͪΔͰͺ͹ͺͻͪ
ͬͳͶ;͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰͫ;ͯ͸͹ͷ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͸͹΃Ε; ͪ͸Ͱ;ͷ͹ͻ͹ͷͳͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͸͹΃Ε;͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͼ;ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͻͪͯ;
ͺ͹ͼͬͰͼͰͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻͻͪͯͳ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͻͪͼͬͰͽͶͰͽͰ΃͵ͪ
Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ;ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰͼ;ͯ͹ͬͰ
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹͸ͪ;΂͸͹;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ
̹ͳͽ͸͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ͹ͬͰͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹ͯͪͼͬͪ͵ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵;͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;
͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͳͷͪ΃ͪ͸ͼ;ͯͪͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͺ͹΀ͪΌͪ΃͵͹Ͷ;͈ͻͪ͵ͼͪͺͪ͵ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;
ΒͰͯͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳͱͳͬ͹;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ͸ͳͱͳ΀ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͳͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͶͰͯͳͽͳͽͰͷͺ͹ͻͪͯͪ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔ͇ͪ͸ͳͬͰΕͳ͸͹ͷͺͻͰͶͪͲͰ͸ͪͲͪ͸ͪͽͼ͵;
͹ͫ;͵; ͳͶͳͺͪ͵ͺ͹΀ͪΌͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵;͹ͯͽͲͬͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͰͰͺͻͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
ͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳͷ ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ ͅͰΌ; ͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͼͬͰ ͯ͹ ͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭ ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ ͳͷͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͸ͪͯͪͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͯ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ͆ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ
΁ͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͫͪͬͳͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷͪ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͼͽ͹ΒͳͯͪtͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳ͹ͬ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͬͪͶ
ͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳi 7 ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹Βͪͼ͸͹ͯͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹
͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͬͪͻͳͻͪ͆ͪͯͪͻͰ͸ͳͳͰ͸Ͱͻͭͳ΂͸ͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͸ͪ͵͹͸Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱ
ͽ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ ͼͽͳ΂; ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸;ͲͻͰͶ͹ͼͽͲͪͬͳͼ͹͵;΃͵͹Ͷ;̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͺͪ͵ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹
ͺ͹ͷͪΔ͵ͪΔͰͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͪͶͳͼ;ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ;ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͳ͸ͳͬ͹͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ͵͹Βͳͳͷͺͻ;ͱͪͯ͹ͫͻͰ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;ͯ͹ͻͪͼͶͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪtͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭiͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
7
XXX.scribe.com/EPDES3VEPMGsteinerQEGͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ 9. 2015.

̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹͸ͪͯͪͻͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͳ΀;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͱͰ;Ͳͻ͹͵͹
ͬͪͽͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΔͪ ΒͰͻ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂; ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ
͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹̓ͪͶͭͻͰ͸ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͬͳͷͺ;ͽͰͷtͷ͹ͱͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
Ͱͭ͹ͳͲͷͪͳ΃ͽͻͰͫͰͻͼͽͬͪ͵͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀͸ͪΒ͸ͪͯͪͻͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͼͰ ͹ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͷ͹ͭ;;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ
ͼ͸ͪͭͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͺͰ΃ͳͬͪͽͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͲͪͯͪ΁ͳͷͪi ̓ͪͶͭͻͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͻͰΕͳͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͬͳ΃Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͶͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͫͳͽ͸͹͸Ͱͼͺ;ͽͪͬͪͼͬͰ
ͯ͹͵͹͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͱ;͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͭ;
͑ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰ;ͬͳ΃ͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪ ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͫͳ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͫͳͶͳͪ͵ͽ;
ͰͶ͸ͳͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ ;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͽ͹ͼ;
– ͌ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ;ͬͳ΃ͳͷͻͪͲͻͰͯͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰΒͪͬΓͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͱͪ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪ ͳͯͰͶ͹
ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͰ;ͻͳͽͷͳΒͰ ͻͰ΁ͳͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͶͳ͵ͪΔͪ ΁ͻͽͪΔͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪ
– ͼͬͰͯ͹ͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͻͰͯͪ͆ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͽ;ͺΔ;;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͷ͹ͱͰͲͪͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ͸͹ͬͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͲͪͼͰͫͪ͸͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;
ͬͳ΃ͳ΀ͻͪͲͻͰͯͪͅ͸͹ͭͳ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͰ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͪ͸ͭͪͱ;Β; ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͹͸ͳͼͬͰΒͪͼ͸ͳ
ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͳͼ͵;ͼͳͽͳͳͯͰΒ;ͯͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͲͪΔͳ΀ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳͳͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ ͽͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͪ
͸͹ͬͳͽͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͰͼͽͰͽͼ͵ͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͰΕͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͪ͵͹ͼͰ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪΒ;ͳ͸ͪ;
΂Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͋ͳͷͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͻͪͼͽ; ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ;ͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪ
ͯ͹ͫͻ͹͹ͫͻͪͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹͹ͯͪͫͳͻͪΔ;ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͭͲͪ͸ͳ
ͷͪΔͪͻͪͲͬͳͶͳͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳͳ;͵;ͼͳͼͽͳͶͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
¢ ͪͅͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͭͰ͹ͷͰͽͻͳΒͪ ͆ͪΒ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵ͪ ; ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͻͪͲͻͰͯͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͬͰͼ͸ͪͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͽͳͫͪͻͰͷ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͲͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵Ͱ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͼͪͲ͸ͪΒ;ͯͪΒͰͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸ͳͷͺͻͪͬ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͳͷͪ
͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ͯ͹ͫͻͪͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͪͺͻͰͯͲ͸ͪΔͪ͆ͪͼͽͪͬͪͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵Ͱ ͼͽ͹ͭͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͽ͹͵͹ͷ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͭ
΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪͯͪͼͶ;ͱͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ΕͳͽͳͷͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪ
ͬͪΒ;ͯͪͷͳͼͪ͹͸ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͷ͹ͭ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͷͪͭͪͶͪ͸Ͱͯ͹
ͼͽͳͱͪ͸ ͆ͪ;΂ͳͶͳ ͼ; ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͌΂ͳͽͰΓ ͼͰ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͳ ;
ͼͽͻͪ͸; ͯ͹͵ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ ; ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Ε͹Β ͷͰͻͳ ͼͽ;ͺͪ ; ͺͻͬͳ ͺͶͪ͸ ͌ ͯͰͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͻͰͯ; ͼͰ
ͬͰͱͫͪΒ;ͻͪ΂;͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͈Ͱͻͷ;ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͻͪ΂;͸;ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹
ΕͰͯͪΒ;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͯ͹ͫͪͻͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶͲͪͬͰͱͫͪΔͰͷͳͼͪ͹͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ͌ͯͰͬͰͽ͹ͷͻͪͲͻͰͯ;ͯ͹ͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰ
ͯͬͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͭͶͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͶͪ͸ͪ ͪͽ͹ͼ;ͽͻͳͭ͹͸͹ͷͰͽͻͳΒͪͳͶ͹ͭͪͻͳͽͷͳ͈͹ͻͰͯ͹ͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ;̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳͼ;ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͳͿͳͲͳ͵ͪ ΀ͰͷͳΒͪ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ
Βͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰͳͼͶͳ͵ͪΔͰ
̸̀̓͌͐͡͏́
͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͻͪͯͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ;ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ;΃ͽͪͫͳ͹ͯͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ͻͳͼ͸͹
ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫͳͽͳͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ;ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ; ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͪͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹
ͿͳͲͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕͳͬͪ͸ͪͼͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͬͻͼͽ͹ͷͷͳͼͳ͹͸ͪͻͼ͵ͰͻͰͬ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ͇ͬͪΒͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͸ͳͽͳͺͪ͵ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͲͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰ͸ͷͳͼͪ͹͸ͳͼͪͼͽͪͬ

ͬͰΕ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ͺ;ͽ ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ ͹ ͼͬͰͽ; ͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵; ̓͹ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸ͽ͸͹ ͳͯͰ ͹ͬͳͷ ͺ;ͽͰͷ
΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͬͰͱͫͪͷͪ;ͼͬͻ΀;͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪͷͳͼͪ͹͸͹ͭ ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͭͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͷͼͽͰΕͳͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ;ͽ͹ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΃ͰͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͱͰͽ͹t͸ͪͽ΂;Ͷ͸ͳͷiͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͽͰ
ͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͬ͹ͷ;͸;ͽͪͻΔͰͷͫͳΕ; ͳͪ͵͹͹͸͹ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ
ͳͼͪͷͺ͹ͽͳ΂ͰͳͲͽͰͼͿͰͻͪ
͉;ͯ͹ͶͿ͑ͽͪΒ͸ͰͻΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ͹ͯͪ͹ͬͳͷ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳͷ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽ͸͹
ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͪͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͷͪͳ͹ͺͪͱͪΔͳͷͪͯͰ΂ΒͰͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ̀ͪͯͪͽͪ͵;΂ͳ
ͽͰΓͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵͹ͬ͹̸͠ ͬͰΕͯͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͼͰͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͯ;΀
ͷ͹ͱͰ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͯͪ͸ͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͽͳ͹ͻ;ΌͰͷ̀ͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹
ͭͻͪͯͳͬ͹ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸Ͱ͸ͪͬͳ͵ͰͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͻͪͲͻͰͯ;͸ͳͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͽͳ΂;Εͳͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸Ͱ;͸;
ͽͻͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽͳͯͰ΂ΒͰͭͫͳΕ̸ͪ͠ ͽΒ ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͳͲ͸ͪͽ΂;Ͷ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͪ ;ͶͪͲͳ
ͻ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ;ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͳͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͶͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͳͲͬͰͼͽͳͳͲ
͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪ͸ͳͽͳͳͲͷͳΓͰͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͬ͹Βͺ;͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͽͳͽͰ͵;͹ͯͻͪͼͶ͹Βͯ͹ͫͳ͈͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͺͻͰͷͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹Βͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͷ͹ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͿͳͲͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;ΒͰͯͪͽͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ
͸͹ͼͽͫ;ͯͰ͹ͯͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ;΂ͳͽͰΓ;͵͹ΒͳͱͰͶͳͯͪͳͲͫͰͭ͸Ͱ͸ͰͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͪΔͰ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͅ͹ͻͪ
ͼͰ͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͯͪ ͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ͹ͬͯͰ ͹ͫͻͪΌ;Β; ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͻͪͯ;ͻͰͽ͵͹ͳͶͳͼͰ
͸ͳ͵ͪͯ͸Ͱͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹
̺ͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪͷ͹ͭͶͪͫͳͯͪͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸͹ͬͳͺ;ͽ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳ
ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ;ͯͰ΁Ͱ̽Ͱ΁ͪ;͹ͬ͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;͵ͪ͵ͬͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹
ΒͪͶͪ ͌ ͹ͬ͹Β ΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͽͻ͹΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͰ ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪ ; ͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔ; ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ; ΃͵͹Ͷͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸͹ΒͰ;ͻͰΌͰ͸ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ΂ͪͼ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͭ͹ͯͳ΃ΔͰͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰ΃͵͹ͶͰͳͲͪͺ͹΃Γͪ
ͬͪΔͰ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪ͌΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͳͷͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͯͪͼͪ;΂ͳͽͰΓͰͷͺͻ͹ͯͳͼ͵;ͽ;ΒͰ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ΒͽͰͷͳ ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͯͪͳͼ͵ͪͱͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ́ͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;ͲͰͷͪΓͪͯ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ̺ͪͶ
ͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰ;͸;ͽͪͻͳͼͺͳͽ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͻͪͯͳ
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͼͽͻ͹Βͼͽ͇ͬͪ͸ͳͯͪΒ;;ͬͳͯ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪͯͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳ
ͯ;ͪͶ͸; ͫͻͳͭ; ͹ ΂͹ͬͰ͵; ͼΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͼͪ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰͷ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ
ͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ;΂ͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳͷͲͪΒͪͬ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰͫͳͽ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͸ͳͬ͹͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͰͯͻ;
ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͺͶͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͳͼͺͳͽ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͅ͸͹ͭͰ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;͵ͪ͵͹ͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͳͯͻ;ͭͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͰͳͶͳͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͺ͹Ͱͺ͹΀ͪͷͪ
ͻͪͯ͸ͰͫͰͶͰͱ͸ͳ΁Ͱ Βͪ͵ͪ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ ͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳͽͯ
ͫͳͶͰͼ;ͺͻͳͷͰ
Δͳͬͪ͸Ͱͳ;Βͪͬ͸ͳͷ΃͵͹ͶͪͷͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͫͻ͹ΒͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹ͶͪΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͷͪͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹;ͼͬͰͽ; ͽͪ͵͹
ͳ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ͉͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͬͪ΃͵͹Ͷͪͺͻ;ͱͪ ͺͪͼ;
Ͳͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͳͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͸ͳ͌ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Β͹Βͼͷ͹ͳͼͪͷͳͼͬͰͯ͹΁ͳ ͷ͹ͱͯͪͫͳͫͳͶ͹
ͯ͹ͫͻ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;ͳͯͰΒ;ͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͳͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪͽͳ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̓ͪͶͭͻͰ͸ ͍

͇ͯͭͪΒͪΔͰͷ͵ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ̈́ͪΒͺ΁ͳͭ
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͉
̺ͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͯͰͽͰͽͪ ͼͪ ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ̸͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͪ ͷͳͼͪ͹.
̀ͻͰΔͪ͸ͳ͸̸ͽͰΓͰ͍͹ͻͼͪ
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͉
̸ͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͪͶͯ͹ͻͿͼ͵ͰͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͰ ̀ͻͰΔͪ͸ͳ͸̸ͽͰΓͰ͍͹ͻͼͪ
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͉
̸͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪ̀ͪͭͻͰ̸ͫ̽tͪͅͻͳΒͪ͊͹ͿͳΒͪi
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͉
̓ͪ͵͹ͼͰͼͽͳ΂;ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͬͳ΃ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͪ ̀ͪͭͻͰ̸ͫ̽tͪͅͻͳΒͪ͊͹ͿͳΒͪi
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͉
̓Δͳͭͪ͹ͽ͵ͻ͹ͬͰΔͪͳͻͪͯͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ̀ͪͭͻͰ̸ͫ̽tͪͅͻͳΒͪ͊͹ͿͳΒͪi
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͉
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ̀ͪͭͻͰ̸ͫ̽tͪͅͻͳΒͪ͊͹ͿͳΒͪi
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͉
͇ͼ͸͹ͬͰͽͪΒ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̀ͪͭͻͰͫ ̸̽tͪͅͻͳΒͪ͊͹ͿͳΒͪi
͑ͽͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͉
͋Ͱ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͪ̀ͪͭͻͰ̸ͫ̽tͪͅͻͳΒͪ͊͹ͿͳΒͪi
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KEYWORDS: QVQJM 3VEPMG4UFJOFS SFGPSN TDIPPM HMPCBMJ[BUJPO

͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ
̸͉͇̹͈̽́̈́̾̓́ͣͅ1
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;
̸̸̸͇͍͈͉͇̓͆̈́́̓͋́́̿́͆͢ͅ͏̸͇͇̻́͆̈́͆
̸̺͉͇̻́͌͆́̾̀̈́͆–̸͈͉͈͇́̽͆͊͋
͎͉̾͏̸̸̸̸̻͇̺͎͉͇͈͇̾͐̓́͆̾̓̈́͊͋̾ͣ̓
̸̸͈͉͇̻͎̺͇̹͇̈́͑̾͆́͊̾͋͊̓͑͋́͆͠ͅͅ2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:́ͺ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͳͲ͸ͰͼͰ͸ͪ
ͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͹͸ͳͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͊ͻͰ
ͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱͳͼ΁ͻͺ͸ͪ ͽͰͷͪ ͬͰΕ ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ Ͳͪ͹͵;ͺΓͪΒ; ͺͪͱΔ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻͪ
ͪͻ΀Ͱ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻͪ;ͷΒͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺΒͰͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;͸͹ͬͳΒͰͬͻͳΒͰͷͰͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ͌͵ͻͪͽ͵͹
ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻ͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ ͺͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰͼͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ
͇ͯͪͬ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼ;΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͫͻ͹Β; ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺ͹͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ;͹ͫͻͪͯͰ ͳͼͺͻͰͯ
͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀͇ͬ͹ΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ͪ͵͹ͳͷͪͷ͹;ͬͳͯ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪΒͰ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͫͳͶͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͪ͵ͪͷͰ
͸͹ͷͳͯ͹ͫͻͳͷͷͪΒͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ͵ͪͷͰ͸͹ͻͰͼ΁ͳͷͪ
͆Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ͼ;͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪͳͲ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͏ͻ͸Ͱ̻͹ͻͰͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹
ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͰͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸͹ͷ͌͸Ͱͼ͵ͪ
̽͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ;ͬͰͲͳͼͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹΃Ε;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͶͳͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ
͸Ͱͷͪ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͼͽͪͬ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͹ͬͳͷ͹͸;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͷ͹ͻ͹ͬͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͼͬͻ΀Ͱ
;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ͸Ͱ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ͼ; ͺͻͳͺͳͼͳͬͪ͸ͳͳͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β;ͼͰͽͲͬͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͳͷͪ
͆ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;ͽͰͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͪͻ΀ͳͬͼ͵ͰͭͻͪΌͰͳͲ̽;ͫͻ͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͻͪͯͪ
ͼ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱ΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͰͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸͹ͷ͌͸Ͱͼ͵ͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ
͉̓͌͐͆̾́̾͐́͡͠: ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͌͸Ͱͼ͵͹.
͠Ͱͯ͸͹͹ͯͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹͵͹͵͹ΒͰͭͪ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ΒͰͼͽͰͺͳͽͪ
ΔͰͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ͆ͪͲͳͬͼͽͰΕͪ͵ΒͰ
1
bijeljani@ZBIPP.com
2
͉ͪͯΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ*** t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͰͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͵͹ΒͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ.

̸͉͇̹͈̽́̈́̾̓́ͣ̓ͅ͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͳͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ– ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹͸͹ͬͳΒͰͭͯͪͽ;ͷͪͳͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͼͻͰΕͰͼͰ;͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͻΒͰ΂͸ͳ͵; ̺;͵ͪ͊ͽͰͿͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͪ̓ͪͻͪΘͳΕͪ
ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͵ ;ͺͻͬ͹ͷͳͲͯͪΔ;ͳͼͽ͹ͭͽ͹͉ͭͪΒͰ΂͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸Ͱͷͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͹ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͷͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
͸͹ͬͳΒͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͷͪΔ͵ͪͬ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ ̀Ͱ΂ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͊ͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ͸ͪͯͭͻ͹ͫ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͳͼ͵ͶͰͼͪ͸ͳ͹ͯͷ͹͸͹Ͷͳͽ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͷͰ͸ͪ ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ
͸ͳ ͼ; ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͏ͻ͸Ͱ ̻͹ͻͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͆ͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ
Ͱͬͳ͸ͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͰ͹͵͹ͼͽͰΕͪ͵͇ͪͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪ ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳΒͰ͹͵͹
͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β͹͵͹ ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͹͵͹ͳ;͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳ͹͵͹ͼͽͰΕͪ͵̺ͪͻͳΒͰͷͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸
͵ͪͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͰͲͪͯͻ;ͭ;ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸;9**ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͯ͹͵ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹͸ͰͼͽͪΒ;ͽ͹͵͹ͷ97*ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ -PWSFOPWJǀ
ͼͽͻ–

͌ͯ͹ͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ9*9ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀
Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ̹͹ͼ͸ͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͬ͹Βͳͽͳͳͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͳͽͲͬ
ͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;͋ͪ͵ͬͰͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒͰͺͳͽͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͭͯΒͰ
ͼ;;ͽ͹ͷ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͳͷͪͶͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;́ͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͪΒͰͽͰͲͪ
͹ͺ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵Ͷ;ͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ ͅ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ
͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸̹ͪ͹΃Δͪ
͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͽ͹ͫ͹ͱͰ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͪͫͳͶͳͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͳ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͼͬΒͰͯ͹΂Ͱtͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵ͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ
͸ͳ΁ͳͼͽͰΕ΁ͳi.
͌ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͳΒͰ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͺͳͼ΁ͳͺͻͬͳͳͼͽͪ͵Ͷͳͳ͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͪͶͳ
ͼͽͰΕ͵Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵Ͱ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ̓Γ;΂͸; ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ;ͽ͹ͷͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪ͹ ΒͰ ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
ͪͻ΀Ͱ͹Ͷ͹̸ͭͻͽ;ͻ̾ͬͪ͸ͼ –
͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͬͻͳΒͰͷͰ;ͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ;͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹
ͷͶͪͯ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪ͹̹͹ͼ͸͹ͷͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷͳͲͪͫͳΓͰͱͳ͹ͯͪͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵ͳ
ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ̀ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͯΒͰͶ͹Ͳ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳͽͳ̾ͅ͵ͷͰ΂ͳΕ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͹ΒͰt̸Ͷͳͳͽ;ͺͻͰͯ̾ͬͪ͸ͼ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͹
ͳͺͻͰͯͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ͹͸͹ͭͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͽͻͰͫͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͳͽͻͳΒͰͲͪ͸ ΒͰͻΒͰͲͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰͭ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͳ͹ͻͪͲͯͳΒͰ
ΓͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͽͻͪͱͳ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͳͷͰi &WBOT ͼͽͻ

̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻ̸̾ͬͪ͸ͼͬΒͰͻ͹ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͬͻͳΒͰ
ͷͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͼͬΒͰͯ͹΂ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͽͬͻͯΔͪt5PLPNTLPSBØOKFQPCVOF
QSFLPCPHVNJMBJ[1PQPWB TBNPKFEOPHLSBKB)FSDFHPWJOF TLMPOJMPTFOBQSJKBUFMKTLVUFSJUPSJKV
%VCSPWBǁLF3FQVCMJLFìͪ͹ͬ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒ;Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͶͳ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͳ͵;5IF5JNFTBͳͲ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͲ̽;ͫͻ͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͶͪ͹ͺͳͼͷ͹͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͯͪΒͰ͹ͺͳͼͳͲͫΒͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͳͲ
͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͳͲͪΔͳ΀͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͳͷͪ &WBOT ͼͽͻ

͈ͳͼͪͽͳ;͹ͼͷ͹ΒͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͳ9*9ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪΔ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͹ͯͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͭtͲ;Ͷ;ͷͪi
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͫΒͰͭͶ͹ͳͲ͈͹ͺ͹ͬͪ;̽;ͫͻ͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͳ͇ͼ͹Β͸ͳ͵ ͳ͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳͶ͹͹ͺͻͰ͵͹
ͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͪ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ΒͰͼͪͷ͹͸Ͱ͹ͫͪͬͳΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͶͳͲͶ͹͸ͪͷΒͰͻͪ͸͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻ͇͸͸ͳΒͰͲ͸ͪ͹ͳͶͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͬΒͰͻ͹
ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹͸ͪͷΒͰͻ;ͯͪͺͻͳ͵ͻͳΒͰͺͻͪͬ;ͼͶͳ͵;͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪΔ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬΓͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͯͳͭͶ͹͸ͪ
;ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪͳ͹ͽͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͫ͹ͻͫ;Ͳͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͫͳΓͰͱͳ͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͺ͹Ͳ
͸ͪͽͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͼ͵ͪͺ;΃͵ͪ
͈͹ͼͶͳΒͰΒͰͽͪΒͳͼͽͳ̸̾ͬͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳͽͳͪͻ΀Ͱ͹Ͷ͹ͭ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͫͳ͹ͳͺ͹΂ͪͼ
͸ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͪΓͰͬͼ͵Ͱͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͰ̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͷͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ; ;͵͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͳͶ͹ͼͰ
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ΒͳΒ;ͱ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͳͯͪͼ;ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵ͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ

͋ͬͻͯΔͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ ͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵ͳ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ ͯͪ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͪͅΌͪͻ ͪ͠͸͹΃
̸ͼͫ͹ͽ +BOPTWPO"TCÓUI
΂ͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͽͻ͹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ;
ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͵ΔͳͲͳ ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸͹Β ; ̹;ͯͳͷͺͰ΃ͽͳ ̹Ͱ΂; ͳ ̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ -PWSFOPWJǀ
ͼͽͻ–

̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ͹ͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼͽͬ;ͳͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͪͽͪͻͰ͸ͳͷͪͳͷͪ͹
ΒͰ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂̸̀͌͠ͳΔͰ͸ͺͻͬͳͺͻͰͯͼΒͰͯ͸ͳ͵ ͍͉ͪ΂͵ͳ 3BǁLJ ͼͽͻ–3BǁLJ ͼͽͻ–
ͣͳͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͌ͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪͣ͋ͻ;΀ͰͶ͵Ͱ –
ͳ ̸͊͹Ͷ͹ͬΒͰͬͪ –
΁ͻ͵ͬͪͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵ͪ 5SVIFMLB ͼͽͻ–5SVIFMLB ͼͽͻ–4PMPWKFW
ͼͽͻ–͊͹Ͷ͹ͬΒͰͬ ͼͽͻ–79

͌ͯ͹ͫͪ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͭͻͪͯ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͸ͳ͵ͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳ;͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ;ͳ ΒͰͯͪ͸ͯͳ͹ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͳͲ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͺͳͼͪͶͳͼ;̸ͯ͹ͶͿ;͎ͳͽͶͰͻ;ͳͽͻͪͱͳͶͳ͹ͯΔͰͭͪͺͻ͹ͽͰ
͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ͸ͪͯ ̹͹ͼ͸͹ͷͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ͈ͳͼͪͶͳͼ;ͷ;̹ͯͪ͹΃Δͪ΁ͳ͸ͳͼ;͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳ ͬͰΕ̻͹ͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
͸͹ͭͰͻͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͶͰͷͰt̹͹ͼ͸ͳi͊ͬ͹Β;ͪͻͳΒͼ͵;ͬΒͰͻ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͳͲͪͯͻͱͪͶͳͼ;
ͼͬͰͯ͹ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ .BUJKFWJǀ ͼͽͻ

͇ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵ͳͷͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͳͼͪͶͳͼ;ͳͷ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳ ͺΒͰͼ
͸ͳ΁ͳͳ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̽ͅͳͲͯͪͻͪͳ̓ͅͻͶͰͱͰ ,SMFßB ͼͽͻ–

͊;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ ͹ͬ͹Β ͽͰͲͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͳͲ͸ͰͼͰ͸ͳ΀ ͽͬͻͯΔͳ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͯͳ͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͳ ͼ;
͸Ͱͯͬ͹ΒͫͰ͸Ͱͯ͹͵ͪͲͰ͵͹Βͳͳͯ;;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͺͻͪͬ͹ͬΒͰͻ͸͹ͷ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͷͳͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͪ͊ͪͬͰ̓͹ͼͪ
͸͹ͬͳΕͪ ̹͈Ͱͽͻͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͪ ̺͊͵ͪͻͳΕͪ ̺̻Ͷ;΃΁͇ͪͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰͺͳͼͪͶͳͼ;͑͠ͳͯͪ͵ ͅͅͳͶͰͽͳΕ
̹͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕͳͷ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭͳ ͪ;͸͹ͬͳΒͰͬͻͳΒͰͷͰ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰΒͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͹ͳ̸̹ͳͻͳ͸ »JEBL
ͼͽͻ–»JEBL ͼͽͻ–#FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ–#JSJO ͼͽͻ–

͇ͯͬͻͰͷͰ͸͍͉ͪͪ΂͵͹ͭͺͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͳͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͼ͵;ͺ͹ͬͳ
ͳ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂͸͹ͼͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸͹ͷΒͰͯͪ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͺͻͰͫͻ͹Βͪ͹
ͻͪͯ͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰͽͳͻͪ͹ͬ;ͽͰͷ; +BMJNBO ͼͽͻ–

͈ͻͳ΂ͪ ͹ tͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͵ͻͼͽΒͪ͸ͳͷͪi ͳ ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ ΒͰ
ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͻͰͯ͵ͪ͵͹;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ Β͹΃ͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ ͸ͪͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͳͳ
;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͺͪͼͬͰͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ »BOKFL ͼͽͻ
342–

͇t΁ͻ͵ͬͳͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹Βi Ͳͪ͵͹Β;ͼͰͬͰͲ;Β;ͽͲͬͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͳ ͳͼ΁ͻͺͪ͸ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͳͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ
ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͯͪ͹ΒͰ͈ͣ͹΃͵͹ͬͳΕ;͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹Βͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ΒͯͳͼͰͻͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ ſPØLPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
21–
͆ͪͻ͈ͪͯͣ͹΃͵͹ͬͳΕͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͬͰͲͪ͹ͼͰͦ̽ͪ;ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹͹ͬ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼͪ͵;ͺͳ͹ͳͺͻͳ
͵ͪͲͪ͹ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻ;ͲͪͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ %BVUPWJǀ –

͌͸͹ͬͳΒͰͬͻͳΒͰͷͰ ̽̈́͹ͬͻͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͼΒͰͯ͸ͳ͵̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵̹ͪ͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎ͰͻͰͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳ΂Ͷͪ͸̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͼͪ͌͸Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰ
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ̹͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕͪͳͺͳͼͪ͹ͯͪͼͽͰΕ͵ͰͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳtͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹i̓ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͹

ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯͺͻ͹ͷͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͪͳͽͬͻͯͳ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪt͵ͻ͹ͪͽͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ͫ͹ͼͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬΓͰ ΂ͳΒͳ ͼ; ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͯͳ͹ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ ͳ ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳi ͈ͻͰͷͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͼ;ͯ; Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ
ͽͰͱΔͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪͺͪͷΕͰΔͪͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͪͼͬͳΒͰͼͽͳ͹΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹ΒͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹Β̹͹ͼ͸ͳ LovrF
OPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
.
́ͺ͹ͻͰͯͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ͹͵͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ͹ͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ̹͹ͼ͸ͪ ͳ
͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͶͰͼ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͳ͸͹ͷͳ͸͹ͬͪͶͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹
ͺ͹ͶͰͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪͲͪ;ͺͳͼ͸ͪ ̈́ͳͼͽ;ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͌ͼͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬΔͰͺͻͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͪͻ͸ͰͶͳͼͽͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ
͹ͫͻͪͲͶ͹ͱͰΔͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͽͪͳͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͽͻͪΒͪͶ͹ΒͰͼͬͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̓͹͸ͪ΂͸͹
͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͼͰͯͪͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ Β;Ͷͪ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͲͪͼΒͰͯͪΔ; ; ́ͼͽͪ͸ͫ;Ͷ; ͯ͹͸ͰͼͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͹
;ͺͳͼ; ͸ͪ ̈́ͳͼͽ; ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ ͇ͯ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͫͻ͹Βͪ
;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͸ͪ̈́ͳͼͽ;ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ
͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͻͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ͏ͻ͸͹Β̻͹ͻͳͳͯͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ;͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹Β
͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͻͪͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͳͽ͹ͺͰͽ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͳͺͰͽ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ
΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ͉ͪͯͳͼͰ ͹ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͷ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͷ̹ͪ;͸΂ͳΕͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̹ͳͶͰΕͪ ̓ͪͶ;Ϳͳ; ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͰ ͐Ͱ͸ͭͳΕͪ ͫͪͻͪ ͳ ̻ͬ͹Ͳ͸͹ ; ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ̓ͪͶͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ ͈͹ͯ͵;͵ ; ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ̹Ͱͻ͵͹ͬͳΕͳ
͉ͪͯͳͷΓͪͳ̹͹Γ;͸ͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͊ͽ͹Ͷͪ΁ ̹ͳΒͪ΂ͪ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ͡;ͫ;΃͵ͳ ̽;ͭ͹ͺ͹ΓͰ͸̹ͪͶͳͯΔ; ͹ͺ΃
ͽͳ͸ͪͪͫ͠Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ̻ͻ΂͵ͪͭͶͪͬͳ΁ͪ;ͼͰͶ;̹ͳͼ͵;ͺ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̓͹Δͳ΁
͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͳͷͪͳͻͪͲ͸ͳͷͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͷͪ ͸ͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷͺ͹ͻͽͪͶ;
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͻͰͯΔͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ͵ͪ͸ͽ͹͸ͪ͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬͪ Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͍ͪͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͳ͎
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͑ͽͪͻͰΕͳ͸ͪͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹͹ͬ͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;͵͹ΒͰΒͰ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͬͻͳΒͰͷͰͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹
̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͬͻͪͽͳͷ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͳͽͰͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͭͯΒͰΕͰͷ͹
ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͰͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪͽͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹΂ͳΒͳͷͼͰͷͻͪͷ͹ͻ͹ͬͳͷͪ
ͳͶͳͫͳΓͰͲͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͷͪͻͪͯͳ
́ͯ;ΕͳͻͰͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͹ͷ͹ͯͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͭͯͳΒͰͶͪ͵ͪͲͪͺͪͯ;͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪΒͺͻͳΒͰͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͷ͹͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹
Ͷ;̹;͸΂ͳΕͪ ͼͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸;;ͼͰͶ;̹ͪΓ΁ͳͷͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̹ͳͶͰΕͪ

͆Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ̹ͪ;͸΂ͳΕͳ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͪ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͻͪ͹ͯͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͭͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ̻ͪ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͷ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͈͹ͻͰͯ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ
̹;͸΂ͳΕͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽΒͰͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹t͈ͻͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͽ;ͷ;Ͷ;ͼͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵̻ͪͻͰͫ͸ͳ΁Ͱi
͌ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹Β ͹ͯͶ;΁ͳ ͼͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸͹Β ͸ͪ ͽͰͷͰΓ; ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͳ ͽͰͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͪ ͻͪͯͪ ͺͻͰͯ͹΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͼ;
ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͶ͹ͱͰΔͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;ͯ͹ͫͻͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰΒͰͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸͹ͺͳͼ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͯͳͷͰ͸
ͲͳΒͰ ͳ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͻͪͷ͹ͻ͹ͬͪ ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ
ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ ͼͬͰͷ; ͼ;ͯͰΕͳ
͵͹ͷͳͼͳΒͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͻͪͯͳͶͪͺͻͪͽͰΕ;ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͳΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͪ
ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͷ͹ͼͬͻͽ;͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͽ ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͳͼ;͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͬΒͰͻͰ͸Ͱͳ͸Ͱͽͪ΂͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ
͈Ͱ͵ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

̓͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ ͺͶ͹΂ͪ ͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪ ΒͰͯͪ͸ͼΓͰ
ͷͰΔͪ͵ ΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͽ;ͫ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͻͼͽͪ΂ͪ ΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͳ΃ͪ͸ͳͺͰͽ;ͽ͹͸;Ͷͳ΀ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ
͉Ͱͭͳͼͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼ;;͵ͻͪ
΃Ͱ͸ͪ ͼͽͰΕ͵ͪ ͯ͹͵ ͼ; ͻͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͲͪͫͳΓͰͱͳͶͪ ;͵ͻͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹
ͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ͸̹ͪ͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳͽ͹ͯΒͰͶ͹͊ͽͰΕ΁ͳ ͵ͪͽͪͶ͹΃͵͹ͽ͹ͺ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ
ͺͻͰͭͶͰͯ ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͲ̹ͪ;͸΂ͳΕͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͳͯ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵ͰͼͪͽͰͻͰ͸ͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯͬ͹Βͳ΁Ͱ̹ͳͶͰΕͪ͸ͪ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͼͰͯͪͷ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ
ͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔ;͉ͪ΃͹ΒͰ ̺;͵΃ͪ̽;ͫ΂ͰͬͳΕ ̹;͸ͪ΁͉;΃͹ͬͳΕ ͏ͻͳΒͰͺͳ͉ͪ΃͵͹̺Ͷͪ΀͹ͬͳΕ ̺ͳͽ͹ΒͰ̽ͪ͵͹
ͬͳΕ ͵ͪͶ;ΌͰͻ̻Ͷͳͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͳ͉͉ͪͯͪͪͳ΂Ͱͬͪ͌ͳͲͬΒͰ΃ͽͪΒ;ΒͰͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸͹ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͪΔͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͳ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͯͪ ͼ; ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯͬͪ ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ ͳ ͽ͹ ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ ̹;͸΁ͪ ͉;΃͹ͬͳΕͪ ͳ ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ ;
͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔ;ͯͬ͹Βͳ΁ͪͫͻͪΕͰ ͏ͻͳΒͰͺͳ͉ͪ΃͵͹̺Ͷͪ΀͹ͬͳΕ ͼͳ͸͹ͬͳ̺Ͷͪ΀͹ͬͳ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰΒͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ
ͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͯͪͼ;ͯͬͪͬͳͼ͹͵ͪ͹ͻ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͪͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͪ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ͹ͷ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ
̺;͵΃ͪ̽;ͫ΂ͰͬͳΕ ͺͻͰ͸ͰͼͰ͸ͪ;̀ͰͷͪΓͼ͵ͳͷ;ͲͰΒ;͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ; ͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͽͰΕͪ͵;̀ͪͭͻͰͫ͆ͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽͰ ͳ ͷͪΔ͵ͪͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯ͹΂ͳͶͪ ̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪ ; ͬͰͲͳ ͼ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ̹;͸΂ͳΕ ͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ ΒͰ
ͼ͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͪͺͪͱΔͪͳͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͳͲ̹;͸΂ͳΕͪͯͳͼͶ͹΁ͳͻͪ͸ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͼ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ͹ͷ̺;͵΃Ͱ̽;ͫ΂ͰͬͳΕͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹̽;ͫΔͰͬͳΕͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;΂ͳͽͪͶͳͣ͋ͻ;΀ͰͶ͵ͪͳ͊͡ͽ͹Βͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͈Ͱ͵ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

́Ͳ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͯͪΒͰ͹ͯ΃ͰͲͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͪͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͹ͽ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͳͲͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸
ͼͽͰΕͪ͵̺;͵΃Ͱ̽;ͫ΂ͰͬͳΕͪ ;͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ;̹;͸΂ͳΕͳͷͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹΃Ͱͼͽ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ̺ͅͰͭ͹
ΒͰͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ͹ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͰ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ ͺ͹ͷͳΔ;͵ͪͶ;ΌͰͻ̻Ͷͳͭ͹ͻͳKF ͉ͪͯͪ
͉ͪͳ΂Ͱͬͪ ͳ ̽͹ͫͻͳ΃ͪ ̺;͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕ ͪͶͳ ΒͰ ͸ͪͬͰ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ͹ ͸͹ͬ ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ
̺ͳͽ͹Βͪ̽ͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ͆Ͱͽͪ΂͸ͳͷͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͷͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͲͪͫͶ;ͯͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ
͸ͪͽͺͳͼ̽͹ͫͻͳ΃Ͱ̺;͵ͳΕͰͬͳΕͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;͊ͽͪͻͳͷͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͲͪͺͳͼͳͷͪͳ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸;
͉ͪͯͷͳͶ͹ͬͳΕͪͯ;ͫͻͪͬͳ ͸Ͱ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;̹;͸΂ͳΕͪ ͬͰΕ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;͐ͪͷ͹ͬ͵ͻͼͽ͆ͪ
ͳͼͽ͹ͷͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ; ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹Β ͹ͯͽͻͳ΀;ͷ͵Ͱ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͼͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰͳ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ
͉ͪͯͪ͸̹ͪ͹ͱ;ͻ͹ͬͳΕͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ͹ͅ ̺Ͱͭ͹ 7FHP ͪ ͼͽͻ#FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ

̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼ;ͽͳ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͳ;Ͷ͹΃ͰͷͼͽͪΔ;ͳͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸ͰͬͳͯΓͳͬͳ
́Ͳ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͯͪͼͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ̹;͸΂ͳΕͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͺͰͽ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͺ͹ͷͳ
Δ;͉;΃͹ΒͰ ͉͉ͪͯͪͪͳ΂Ͱͬͪ ͏ͻͰͺͳ͉ͪ΃͵͹̺Ͷͪ΀͹ͬͳΕ ͵ͪͶ;ΌͰͻ̻Ͷͳͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͳ̹;͸ͪ΁͉;΃͹ͬͳΕ ΂ͳΒͰΒͰ
ͼ͸ͳͷ͵Ͱ͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͹̻̓͹ͷͪͻ ̓͹ͷͪͻ ͼͽͻ– –
́ͼͽͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͺͻ͹͸ͪ
΃ͪ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ;̹;͸΂ͳΕͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͳͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪͼͰ;ΔͰͷ;ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͅͳΒͪ͸ͪΕͰͻ͵̹ͪͳΒͰͶͪ

ͼͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼͽͪ ̓͹ͷͪͻ ͼͽͻ– 2–
̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰΒͰ̓͹ͷͪͻͻͰͬͳͯͳͻͪ͹΂ͳͽͪΔͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭ
͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͳͲͬΒͰͼ͸ͳ͊ͽΒͰͺͪ͸ ̓͹ͷͪͻ ͼͽͻ–

́ͲͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͷ͹ͯ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪͯͪͼͰ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͬͻͳΒͰͷͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ̹;͸
΂ͳΕͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ΃Ͱͼͽ ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ ͪ ͸Ͱ ͯͬͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪͶͪ ̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪ Ͳͪ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ; ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ
͹ͫΒͪͬͳͶͪ;t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸͹ͷͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͺͼ͵Ͱi ͳͶͳͼͰͯͪͷ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ
ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͪ ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͺͳͼ;Β;͸Ͱͽͪ΂͸ͰͳͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͶͰͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ
͈ͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͹͸ͪͼͰΓ;̹;͸΂ͳΕͳͳͲ9*** 9*7ͳ97ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ;ͯ;ͫͻ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ͸ͳͼ
ͷ͹ͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰ;͵ͪͽͪͼͽͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͺͳͼ;͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ͹
ͬͪ͸͹ͼͰͶ͹̹ͰͶ͹͈͹ΓͰͳ͇͵͹Ͷͳ΃ͽͰ ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͸ͪͲͳͬ– ̹;͸΂ͳΕͳ– ͳͺͻͳͺ͉ͪͯͪ;ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ
"MJǁJǀ ͼͽͻ

͆Ͱͷͪͼ;ͷΔͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹̹;͸΂ͳΕͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͻͪͯͪ͆ͪͲͳ̹ͬͰͶ͹͈͹ΓͰͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͰ
ͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹ ͯ͹͵ͼͰ͸ͪͲͳ͇ͬ͵͹Ͷͳ΃ͽͰͼͪ΂;ͬͪ͹ ͼͬͰͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯͲͪͼͰͶͪ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͰΓͪ
̹ͪΓ΁ͳ͇ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳͷ̹ͪΓ΁ͳͷͪ;̹ͳͶͰΕͳͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ ̸ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͼͰ̽ͻͪͭͳΕ͉ͪͯͳ΃ͳΕͳͲ̹ͪΓͪ͵ͪͳͲ͈ͻͰͯ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͪ3
͆ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;ͺͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͳͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸;̹ͳͶͰΕ;͸ͪͼͰΓͪͬͪ
ͶͰͬͶͪ΃͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ ͈ͻͰͯ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͳ ̹͹ͭͯͪ΃ͳΕͳ ͅͳͻͳͶ͹ͬͳΕͳ ͪͅͶͰ΃Ͱͬ΁ͳ ͈ͳͶͪͽ͹ͬ΁ͳ ͅͳͻ;΃ͳͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͪͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͫͻͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͵͹Βͪͼ;;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ΒͬͰͲͳͼͳͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͼͰΓͪ;̹ͳͶͰΕͳ͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼ
ͽͳͷ ͪ͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;ͽ͹ͺ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳͷ͹͹ͯͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱͯͪͼ;;ͼͰͶ;̹ͪΓ΁ͳ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͷ
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͫͳͶͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΔͰ͸ͳ̺Ͷͪͼͳ̹;͸΂ͳΕͳ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͪͶͳ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͬͰΕͰͭͻ͹ͯͪ͊ͪ΀ͻͪΔͳ
ͬͪ͸ͳͼ;;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δ͹Β͉ͪͯͷͳͶ͹ͬͳΕͪͯ;ͫͻͪͬͳ ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹Δͳͷͪͺͻ͹Ͳͬͪ͸̹;͸΂ͳΕͳ͇
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;̺Ͷͪ΀̹ͪ;͸΂ͳΕͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;̹ͳͶͰΕͰͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͯ;ͫͻ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͪͪͻ΀ͳͬͼ͵ͪͭͻͪΌͪ́Ͳ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ
͸͹ͭ͵ͪͽ;͸ͪͫͳ͹ΒͰ̺;͵͹ͽ̹ͪ;͸΂ͳΕ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͺͽ;ͱͰ͸ͯͪΒͰ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼ̽ͻͪͭ͹ͼͶͪͬ͹ͷ̹͹ͭ
ͯͪ΃ͳΕͰͷͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪ͹ͽͰ͹ͽͻͳ͵ͻͪͬͰ ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͉ͪͯͳͬ͹Βͪ͊ͽͪΔͰͬͳΕͰ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰ͸ͪ
ͳͼͺͪ΃ͳ͵͹ͯͅͰͯ͹΃̹ͪͻͪΒͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͪͳͲͅͳͻͳͶ͹ͬͳΕͪ4
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͬΒͰͻͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ̹;͸΂ͳΕͪ ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͪ͸ͪͭͪΌͪΔͪͳͯ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ
͵͹ΒͪͼͰͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪͳ;͵ͻͪͼ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ͸ͪͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͷ͈ͪ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹
ͯͪ;̹;͸΂ͳΕͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃Δͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ̹ͳͶͰΕͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͼͺ͹ͬΒͰͯͪͶͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ
Ͷͪͬ͸;ͬΒͰͻ; ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͼͬΒͰͯ͹΂ͳ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ͵ͪͶ;ΌͰͻ̻ͪͶͳͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ͊ͽͰΕ΁ͳ;͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ̹;͸΂ͳΕͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;
ͼͰͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͳ͸ͳ;͵ͪ͵ͬ;ͬͰͲ;ͼͪͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳͷͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͳͷͪ͌ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼ;ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ̺Ͷͪ΀̹ͪ;͸΂ͳΕͪ
͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͬΒͰͻͰ
̽ͻ;ͭͪ΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ̈́ͳͼͽ;ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ
͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;͐Ͱ͸ͭͳΕͪͫͪͻͰ͇ͬ͹ͷΒͰͼͽ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ΒͰͳͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ͇ͫͪΓ͊ͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸͹͸ͪ̀ͰͶͰ͸ͭ͹
ͻͳ ;͵ͻͪ΃͵͹ͷͺ͹Γ;Ͳͬͪ͸͹ͷ̓Ͷͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ΓͰ ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪΓͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ͹΂ͪͻͼ͵͹͸ͪͼͰΓͰ̈́͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͸ͪ;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ͹͵͹͵ͷͬͪͲͯ;΃͸ͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯ̓ͪͶͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͌͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ
ͼͽͰΕ͵ͪ ͳͽ͹ͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪ ͺͶ͹΂ͪͳ΃ͰͼͽͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵ͪ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ΒͰ;͵ͻͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ ͪ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ
3
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ͼͽͰΕ͵;͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͼͰ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹ΒͰͭͪ ͼͪͲ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹ ͯͪͽ;ͶͰͱͳ͊ͽ͹Βͪ͸͇ͺ͹ͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ #FØMBHJǀ
ͼͽͻ–7FHP ͪ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͻͰͯ ͐Ͱ͸ͭͳΕͪ ͫͪͻͪ Β͹΃ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ ͳͲ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ̓ͪͶͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ ;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ̈́ͳͼͽ;
ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͌ͺͳͽͪΔ;ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ̻ͪͬ͹Ͳ͸͹͊ͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͪΒͰ;Β;ͱ͸͹ͷͯͳΒͰͶ;ͳͼͽ͹
ͳͷͰ͸͹ͭͷͪͶ͹ͭ͵ͻͪ΃͵͹ͭͺ͹Γͪ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸ͳ͋ͻͰͼ͵ͪͬͳ΁ͳ ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ͹͵͹͵ͷͼΒͰͬͰͻ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹͹ͯ
̓ͪͶͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͌͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͳͽ͹ͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪ ͺͶ͹΂ͪ
΂ͰͽͳͻͳͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵ͪͳͯͬͪ͵ͻͼͽ͇ͪͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪ͹ͻ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸͹ΒͰͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ̀ͪ͸ͪ΃ͻͪͯ͵͹Βͳ
ͼͰͫͪͬͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹΃Ε;͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪΒͰ͹͵͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪͼΒͰͬͰͻ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͯͰͼ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ;ͽͪ ̹͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕ ͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃ͪ͹ ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͰͭͻͪΌͰͬͳ͸Ͱͼͺ͹Ͷ;͵ͻ;ͱ͸ͳͷͳͲͫ͹΂ͰΔͰͷ Ͳͪ͵͹Β; ΒͰ
ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͹ͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͪͺͼͳͯͳ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ––#FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ
–

̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͹ͬͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͪ ͱ;ͺͳ ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͪͶͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭ͹ͻΔͰͭ ͽ͹͵ͪ ͻͳΒͰ͵Ͱ ͆ͰͻͰͽͬͰ ͳ ̽ͻͳ͸Ͱ ͌
ͺ͹ͬͰΓͳͪͻͪͭ͹͸ͼ͵͹͸ͪͺ;Γͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͻͪΓ̸ͪͶͿ͹͸ͼͪ7 ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒ;ͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔ;̺ͪͶͰ
ͽͳ͸ͳ͇ͫͪΓ͵ͪ͹;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͳͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͳ͋͹͵͹ͷͺͻͬͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ9*7ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͬͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͷ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ͹
ΒͰ΀;ͷͼ͵ͳͱ;ͺͪ͸͈͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸͈;ͻ΂ͳΕ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͲͬΒͰͼ͸͹ͬͻͳΒͰͷͰͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ͵ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͻͪΓͪ ͪͲͪͽͳͷ
ͺͻͰ΃ͪ͹͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸;ͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͫͪ͸ͪ ̽ͳ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ͊ͷͳΓͪ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰΒͰ
͹ͬͳͷ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͷ ͬͶͪͯͪͶͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͰͶͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ͎ͻͪ͸ͳἘ͹ͼͪ΂ͪ ͼͬͰ ͯ͹ ͺͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͯ ͺ͹ͯ ͬͶͪͼͽ
͇ͼͷͪ͸ͶͳΒͪ #BTMFS ͼͽͻ–252̽ͳ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ –
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̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪΒͰ;ͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͯͪͼ;;ͷΒͰͼͽ;
Ͳͬͪ͸͹ͷ̓Ͷͪͯ͹ͬ͹͈͹ΓͰ ͭͯΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͐Ͱ͸ͭͳΕͪͫͪͻͰ ΓͰͽ͹ͬͪͶͳ̺ͶͪͼͳͅͳͻͳͶ͹ͬͳΕͳͳͲ
ΘͰͷͪͽͪ͵͸ͰͲ͎ͪͰͻͪ͵ͪ ͼͳ͸̺ͪͶͪͯͳͼͶͪͬΓͰͬ͹ͭ̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͅͳͻͳͶ͹ͬͳΕͪ ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸ͳ͋ͻͰͼ͵ͪͬͳ
΁ͳ ͭͯΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷͪͶ͹͵ͻͪ΃͵͹ͺ͹ΓͰ̻ͬ͹Ͳ͸͹ ΓͰͽ͹ͬͪͶͳͼ;ͳ̺Ͷͪͼͳ̺Ͷͪ΀͹ͬͳΕͳ ͋͹΃ͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌ΓͰͽ͸ͳͷͯͪ͸ͳͷͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱͼ͹Ͷͳ͹ͽͺͻͰͷͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͳͲ̽;ͫͻ͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ͹ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱ͋ͻͰͼ
͵ͪͬͳ΁Ͱ ͭͯΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͪͼͽ͹͵ͪ͸ͪͳͼͺͪ΃ͳ͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͪ΁ͼ͹Γ;ͅͳͶͪͯͳ͸͎ͻͪ͸ͳͼͪͶͳΕ͹ͺͽ;
ͱͳ͹ΒͰ̹ͻͪΒͪ͸͈ͪͻͳͫ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͪ͵ͪͽ;͸ͪͻͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰΓ;ͯͰ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͶͳtBEQPSUBOEVNTBMNBT
DFOUVNTBMJTBEQMBOJOBNEF5SJFTDIBVJÉBi͊͹ΒͰͽͻͫͪͶ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳͽͳͯ͹͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭ́ͶͳΒͰ ;Ͳ͵Ͷͪ;Ͳ;Ͷ;
ͺͶͪΕͪΔͪ͵ͪͲ͸Ͱ͹ͯͺͰͻͺͰͻͪ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱͳͼͺ͹΃ͽ;ΒͰ̓ͪ͹ͼͬΒͰͯ͹΁ͳ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͼ;͇ͫͻͪͯ
̹ͻͪͽ;͸͹ͬͳΕͳͲ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͪ ̹͹ͭͯͪ͸̹͹͵΂ͰͬͳΕ̺Ͷͪ΀ͳ̓ͻͪΒͼͶͪͬͅͻΌͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ5
͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ97*ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ; ͯ;ͫͻ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͼͰ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͰ͋ͻͰΕͰͭ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̹͹ͱͳͯͪͻ ̹ͻͪͽ;ΓͰͬͳΕ ͳͲ ̺ͳ΃ͰͬͰ ͼͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͪ ͳ ͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͪ ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸͹ ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͹ͼ̹ͻͪΒ͵͹ͷ́ͬ͵͹ͬͳΕͰͷ
5
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#PTJEBSVT#SBUVHMJFVJDIEF7JTFVBJOUFS9BHPSJBFU/FVFTJHOB<>%"% %FC/PU-9*** Gh 9*

͌ͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͱΔ;ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱ͏ͻͬͪΔ ;ͼͰͶ;̓ͻͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͳͲ͸ͪͯͲͪͼͰ͹͵ͪͅͳΒͪͽ͹ͬ΁ͳ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;
̓ͪͶ;Ϳͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ͌
͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͽͰΕ͵ͪ ͺͶ͹΂ͪ ͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪͳͽͻͳͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵ͪ͌͵ͻͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ΒͰ;͵;ͺ͸͹
ͼͽͰΕ͵̻ͪ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͲ͹ͬͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰͯͳͼͶ͹΁ͳͻͪ͸ͪͼ;ͯͬͪͼͽͰΕ͵ͪͳͺͻͰ͸ͰͼͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ̓ͪͶͰͷͰͭͯͪ͸
; ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ̺͹Β͸͹ͭ ͷ;ͲͰΒͪ ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ; ͹ͬ͹Β ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸
͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪͽͺͳͼ #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ

̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪΒͰ͆ͰͬͰ
ͼͳΔͰͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯͱ;ͺ͎ͪ;ͷͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͵͹Β͹ͷͼ;ͬͶͪͯͪͶͳ͆ͰͷͪΔͳΕͳͯ͹ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ9*7
ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͇ͬͳͷ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͷ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͰͷ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͶͳ ͼ; ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͷͳΔͪ͸ͳ ͈͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ ͈;ͻ΂ͳΕ ͳ
ͱ;ͺͪ͸ͅͳͶͽͰ͸̽ͻͪͱͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳἘͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͼ;͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͰͷ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͶͳ͊ͪ͸͵͹ͅͳͶͽͰ͸͹ͬͳΕͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ
͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͳ ͼͬͰͯ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͼͽͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ97ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͪ͊ͪ͸ͯͪΓ
͎ͻͪ͸ͳΕͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ͹ͼͬ͹Β;ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͅͳΒ;΃͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–̓ͪͶͳΕ
ͼͽͻ–
͈͹ͼͶͳΒͰ͊ͪ͸ͯͪΓͰͬͰͼͷͻͽͳ ͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͰΒͰͳͯͪΓͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ̓͹ͼͪ΂ͪ ͼͬͰͯ͹
͹ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ͪΒͪ ̽ͳ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
.
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͬΒͰͻͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͼͪ΀ͻͪΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͪ
͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;̓ͪͶ;Ϳͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳͽΕͰͷ͹
ͺͪͱΔ;ͬΒͰͻͼ͵͹ͷͳͼͺ͹ͬΒͰͯͪΔ;ͬͶͪͼͽͰͶͰ͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͶͪͯͪͶͳ͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͰͷͳ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͰͷ
͌͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̹Ͱͻ͵͹ͬͳΕͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰͼͰͶ͹̹ͳͽ;Δͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͯͳΒͰͶͳ͸̻ͪ͹ͻΔ;ͳ̽͹Δ;̹ͳͽ;Δ;͌
̻͹ͻΔ͹Β̹ͳͽ;Δͳ ;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹Β͹͵͹͹ͼͪͷ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͪͻͪ͹ͯ͊ͽ͹΁ͪ ;ͲͪͼͰ͹͵;͸ͪ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ̈́͹͵ͬͰ
͈͹ͽ͵;͵ ̀ͪ͵;͵ͳ̹ͪͫͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ͈ͻͰͷͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;̹͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ
͈͹ͯ͵;͵ͫͻ͹ΒͳͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪ ͯͬͪͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵ͪͳͺͰͽͺͶ͹΂͇ͪͻ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͽͳ
ͼ;͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹̹ͯ͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͳͲͬΒͰ΃ͽͪΒ;̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪ Ͳͪ΃
ͽͳͽ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵̹ͪ͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;͈͹ͯ͵;͵ͫͻ͹Βͳ
ͼͽͰΕ͵ͪͳ;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪ̈́ͳͼͽ;ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ–

̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͯͪΒͰ̹ͳͽ;Δͪ;ͼͻͰͯΔͰͷͬͳΒͰ
͵; ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͪ ͱ;ͺͳ ̽;ͫͻͪͬͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ΁; ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͳͶͪ ͼͪ ͱ;ͺͪͷͪ ̽ͪͫͪͻ ͳ ͈͹ͺ͹ͬ͹
̻͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;̹ͳͽ;ΔͳͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔ;Γ;ͯͳ̻ͻͭ;ͻͪ͑ͳͷͻͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͪ͊Ͱͯͪͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͷͳΔ;
ͼͰͺ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͶͪͼͽͰͶͳ͸͈ͪͰͽͻͪ͑ͳͷͻͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͪΓ;ͯͳͷͪͳͲ̹ͳͽ;ΔͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͺΓͪ
΂͵ͳ ͊ͷͪͽͻͪ ͼͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͑ͳͷͻͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͳ ͳͲ ͱ;ͺͰ ̿ͪͫͪ ͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ ͯͪ Ͷͳ ͼ; ͳͷͪͶͳ ͺ͹ͼΒͰͯͰ ;
̹ͳͽ;Δͳ ̽ͳ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ͉;ͯͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

̓ͪͯͪͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͬΒͰͻͼ͵ͰͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ̹͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳͱΔͰͷͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;̀ͪ͵;͵ͰͬͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͻͪ͹ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͰͽͰͷͰΓͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͰͼͺ͹Ͷ;͵ͻ;ͱ͸͹ͷͪͺͼͳͯ͹ͷ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰΒͰ
ͲͪͫͳΓͰͱͳ͹ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͪ΂ͪͼ͸ͰͽͻͺͰͲͰ ͈ͻͰͷͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͪ;ͽ͹ͻ; ͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰͯͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ͹͵͹΁ͻ͵ͬͰ
;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰ΁ͻ͵ͬͪͬͰΕͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͫͳͶͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ ;9*7ͳ97ͬͳΒͰ͵; #FØMB
HJǀ ͼͽͻ–

͆ͪΒͲ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳͽͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪΒͰ΂;ͬͰ͸͉ͪͪͯͳͷΓͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;̺ͳͯ͹ͬ;ͺ͹Γ; ͽͻͳ
͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͻͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹͹ͯ͊ͽ͹΁ͪ ͼͶͳΒͰͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ;ͽͪ͵͹Βͳͬ͹ͯͳͺͻͰͷͪ͐ͪͺΓͳ͸ͳͳͅ͹ͼͽͪͻ;͌ͻͪ͸ͳ
ΒͰͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͯ͹ͫͪͪ;ͼͽͻ͹;ͭͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͻͪͯΔ͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ͊ͽ͹Ͷͪ΁–̽͹ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͳ

ͻͪͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ;͉ͪͯͳͷΓͳ͸ͪͯͬͪͯͳΒͰͶͪ̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ;ΒͰͺͻ͹
͵͹ͺͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͲͪ͸ͪͬ͹ͯΔͪͬͪΔͰ̺ͳͯ͹ͬͪͺ͹Γͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͺ͹ͷΒͰͻͪΔͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ
ͼͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͰͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;FMFOJLB ͼͽͻ–

͆Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͫͻ͹Βͳͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͽ͹͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺͶ͹΂Ͱ ͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼͪ͸
ͯ;͵ͪͳͽͻͳ͵ͻͼͽ̻ͪ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ;͵ͻͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͷͪ
͌͹ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰͳͺͰͽ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ–

͆ͪͽͺͳͼͳͼͬΒͰͯ͹΂Ͱ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰ;͉ͪͯͳͷΓͳͼͪ΀ͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͳͲͺ͹ͻ͹
ͯͳ΁Ͱ͎ͻͪͫͻͰ͸ͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ͊ͽΒͰͺͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͱͳͬΒͰͶͳ;̹ͪͽ͹͸͹ͭͪͷͪ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳͷ͇΃ͪΔͳ
Εͳͷͪ ͊ͷͪͽͻͪ ͼͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ Β͹΃ ; 9*** ͬͳΒͰ͵; ͪͶͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͳͷͪ
ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪͯͪͽͳͻͪͳͲ97ͳ97*ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ͆ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͰΕ͵͹ͷͶͰͱͳ
t͉ͪͯ͹ΒͰͫͻͪͽͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͰ ͈Ͱͽͻͪ ͹ͫ͹Βͳ΁ͪ ͼͳ͸͹ͬͳͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͰ ͊ͽͳͺͪ͸ͪi͈͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΒͰͳ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ ͼͪͼ;ͯͪ΂͵Ͱ
ͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͹ ͺͻͰͯ ΁ͻ͵ͬ͹ͷ ; ͇΃ͪΔͳΕͳͷͪ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͷͳΔ; ͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͪ ͊ͽͳͺͪ͸ ͳ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬ ͼͳ͸ ͈Ͱͽͪͻ ͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͈ͻͰͯ ͳͼͽ͹ͷ ΁ͻ͵ͬ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ ΒͰ ͳ ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ
ͷ͹͸ͪ΀ͳΔͰͪͅͻͽͰ 7FHP ͼͽͻ–#FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ–͋͹ͷ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̺͹Βͬ͹ͯͪ͊ͽͳͺͪ͸ͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ͎ͻͪͫͻͰ͸;ͷͻ͹ΒͰ͹͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͼͳ͸ͬ͹Βͬ͹͈ͯͪͰͽͪͻ
ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ͼͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͵ͪͽ;͸ͪͻ ͎ͻͪͫͻͰ͸ͪ ͉ͪͯ͹Βͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͊ͽΒͰͺͪ͸͹ͬ ͼͳ͸ ;ͷͻ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͳΒͰ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͰ͈Ͱͽͻͪͼͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁͉ͪͯ͹Β̺ͪ;͵͹ͬͳΕ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳͶͳͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ97
ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ )SBCBL ͼͽͻ– ͋͹΃ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–͋͹΃ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–͋͹΃ͳΕ
ͼͽͻ–͉;ͯͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪ͹͵͹͵ͷΒ;ͭ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹͹ͯ͊ͽ͹΁ͪ ͸ͪͺ;ͽ;ͺͻͰͷ͎ͪ;ͽ͹ͬ;ͫͶͪͽ; ;ͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ;ͼͰͶ̹ͪΒͰͶ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͪ;
ͲͪͼͰ͹͵;̹͹Γ;͸ͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹Βͪͫͻ͹ΒͳͼͽͰΕ͵ͪ͊ͽͰΕ΁ͳͼ;͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪ
ͺͶ͹΂Ͱ ͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵ͪͳ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ͵ͻͼͽ͉ͪͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͰ̹͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕ;̹͹Γ;͸ͳͷͪͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͹ͼͽͰ
Εͪ͵ͪ ̹Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕ ͼͽͻ–7FHP ͫ ͼͽͻ–
.
͌͹ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪΒͰ͹ͻ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ ͳͽ͹ͺͻͳͷΒͰͻ͇ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͪΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;͸ͪͽͺͳͼ̹ͪ͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪͼͰ;͸ͪͽͺͳͼͳͷͪͺ͹ͷͳΔ;
t͋ͪͻͪ΀̹͹Γ;͸͹ͬͳΕ ͉ͪͯ͹ͼͶ͎ͪͬͰͻͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̻ͻ;ͫͪ΂ ̺;͵ͳΕ̺;΂ͳΕ ̺;͵ͪ΁ ̺Ͷͪͽ͵͹̺;͵͹ͬͳΕ ͡;ͫͳ΁ͪ
̺Ͷͪͽ͵͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͠Ͱͻͳ͸ͪ ̺;͵͹΁ͪͷͳΕ ͠Ͱͻͳ͸ͪ ́ͬ͵͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͈Ͱͽͪͻ ̺;͵΂ͳΕ ͉ͪͯͳ΂ ̺ͶͪͯͳͼͪͶͳΕ ͉ͪͯͳ΂ͪ
ͫͻͪͽ ̺ͶͪΌ ̺ͶͪͯͳͼͪͶͳΕ ͉ͪͯͳ΂ ̺;΂ͳΕ ͳ ͊ͽͪ͸ͪ ͚;ͻͰ͸͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̀ͪͫͳΓͰͱͰ͸ͪ ͼ; ͳ ͳͷͰ͸ͪ ͷͪΒͼͽ͹ͻͪ
̻ͻ;ͫͪ΂ ͊ͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͳͯͻ;ͭͳi #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ–̓͹ͷͪͻ ͼͽͻ––

̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ;̹͹Γ;͸ͳͷͪ ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ΒͰ̹͎ͻͪͫͪ͵͸ͪͽͺͳͼͰͳͲ͹ͬͰ
͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ ͬͰͲͳͬͪ͹ Ͳͪ ̺Ͷͪ΀Ͱ ̹͹Γ;͸Ͱ ͇͸ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͋ͪͻͪ΀ͪ ̹͹Γ;͸͹ͬͳΕͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ
ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ ͸ͪΒͬΒͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰͼͳ͸ͅͳͶ΃ͪ͋ͪͻͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ͵ͪͽ;͸ͪͻ̺Ͷͪ΀ͪ
̹͹Γ;͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͎ͻͪͫͪ͵ ͼͽͻ

͚;ͻ͹ ͋͹΃ͳΕ ΒͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ; ̹͹Γ;͸ͳͷͪ ͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͯͳ͹ ̺Ͷͪ΀ͪ ͅͳͻͳͶ͹ͬͳΕͪ
͋͹΃ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͊ͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ9*7ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ;ͯ;ͫͻ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳͷͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͺ͹ͷͳΔ;ͼͰ ̺Ͷͪͼͳ
̹͹Γ;͸͹ͬͳΕͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀̹ͻͪΒͪ͸ ͡Ͱͺ΂ͳ͸ ̹ͻͪΒ͵͹ͳ̺ͻͪ͸͹ΒͰ̹͹Γ;͸͹ͬͳΕͳ ,VSUPWJǀ

ͼͽͻ–
͐ͳͽͪͬͬͳΒͰ͵͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͷͳΔ;ͼͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳΓ;ͯͳͳͲ̹͹Γ;͸ͪ̽ͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͪͬͭ;ͼͽͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͎Ͱͻͪ͵̹͹ͭ;͸͹ͬͳΕ ̺;͵ͪ΂ͅͳͶͪ͵͹ͬͳΕͳ͉ͪͯͳ΂̹ͻͪͽͳΓͰͬͳΕͳͲ ̹͹Γ;͸ͪͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺͳͶͳͼ;
͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͼ̺;͵ͷͳͻ͹ͷ͉ͪ͵͹ΒͰͬͳΕͰͷ͵ͻ͹Βͪ΂Ͱͷ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͬ΃ͳͼͰͯͪͷ;ͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪ ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪ
ͳͼͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͬͻͪͽͰͯͰͬͰͽͺͰͻͺͰͻͪͳ΃Ͱͼͽͭͻ͹΃ͪ7
͆Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ̹ͪͳΒͪ΂ͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ;ͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͳͼͰͶͪ̽͹Δ̹ͪͳΒͪ΂ͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͡;ͫ;΃͵ͳ͊ͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͼ;ͼͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;̽ͳͶͳΕ;͹ͭͻͪͯͳͲͬͪ͸͹ΒtͅͰ͵͹ͽͪi͌͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͽͰΕ͵ͪ
ͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪ ͺͶ͹΂ͪͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵͌͵ͻͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ΒͰͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͶͳ͵͹ͬ
͸ͪͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͆Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͪΒͰ͹ͼ͵ͻ͸ͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ͹ͷͺ;ͽ͸ͰͯͰ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ́Ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ
ΒͰͯͳͼͶ͹΁ͳͻͪ͸ΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͳͺͻͰͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸;̸ͻ΀Ͱ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;Ͳͫͳͻ͵;ͿͻͪΔͰͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪ;͎;ͷ
΁;͊ͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͯͪͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͯͪͽͳͻͪΒ;ͳͲ9*7ͳ97ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͰͷͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ; ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͌ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ;ͼ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͷͪ;̹͹ͼ͸ͳͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͫͻ͹Β;ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ ͹ͻ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͳ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ
ͼͰͷΒͰͻͳͽͳ̽ͪͶͰ͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ΀Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͰͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ Ͳͪ
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͳͼ;͸͹ͷͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͈ͻͳͷΒͰͻͪͻͪͯͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ;ͅͳͶͪͬͳΕͳͷͪ ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹
ͺ͹Ͷͪ;ͼͰͶ;͈͹ͯ͵͹ͷ;̽ͪͫͻ; ͳͷͪΒ;ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ;͵ͻͪ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ ͪ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͬͻͳΒͰ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͷͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪ ͹ͻ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹
͊ͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͪͷͪͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ̹ͪͰͲͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹͵ͪͲͪͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ͹ͬͰ
͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳ ͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β; ͼͰ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͳ ͵͸ͰͲ͹ͬͪ ͉;ͺ΂ͳΕͪ #FØMBHJǀ
ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹Ͳͪ͸ͪ΃ͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰΒͰͼͽͰͯͪΒͰͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ
͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;ͫͳͶ͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͬΒͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͳΒͰͼͽͳ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͼͬΒͰͯ͹΂Ͱͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ
΁ͻ͵ͬͰͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳἘ͹ΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ

́ͲͷͰΌ; ̹ͶͳͯͳΔͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͰͻͪ ͳ ͎ͳͻͫͳ͸ͪ ; ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͪͫ͠Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͰ ͼͰ ̽;ͭ͹ ͺ͹ΓͰ ͳ ;
ΔͰͷ;ͳͼͽ͹ͳͷͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ͊ͽͰΕ΁ͳͼ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺͶ͹΂Ͱ
ͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪͳͺͰͽͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵͇ͪͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͼ;͹ͻ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͪ͌͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͼ;
;͹΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ ;ͽ͹͸;Ͷͳ ; ͲͰͷΓ; ́ ͹ͬͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ ΒͰ ͹ͼ͵ͻ͸ͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ ΒͰͻ ͼ; ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ Ͷ͹ͷΓͰ͸ͳ
͹ͯ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳͳ;ͭͻͪΌͳͬͪ͸ͳ;͹ͫͶͳͱΔͰͳͻ;ͳ͸ͳͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰ̹Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕΒͰͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͫͻͪͽͼͽͬ;ͳͶͳͺͶͰͷͰ͸; #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ–

͊ͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͪͷͪͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͇ͪͬ͹ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶ͹ΒͰͼͻͰͯ
Δ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹Βͱ;ͺͳ̽ͻͰͱ͸ͳ΁ͳ͈ͻͰͷͪͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸͹ͷ;͵ͶͰͼͪ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ;;ΒͰͯ͸͹Βͱͳͬ͹ΒͼͽͳΒͰ͸ͳ ;
̽ͻͰͱ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰ;ͯ͹ͫͪ͋ͬͻͽ͵ͪ*̓͹ͽͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͳΕͪͯͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ͹ͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͪͪͅͼͽͪΔ̹;ͫͪΔͳΕ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ
ͳ;͸ͪͽͺͳͼ;΁ͻ͵ͬͰ;̺ͳ΃Ͱͭͻͪͯ; #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ–

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ Ͳͪ͸ͪ΃ͻͪͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪͼͰ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹Β͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ;̽;ͭ͹ͷͺ͹Γ;ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳ
͵ͻͼͽͪͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͺ;ͽͪ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;́Ͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭ͸ͪͽͺͳͼͪͪͅͼͽͪΔ̹ͪ;ͫͪΔͳΕͪ
7
/PT$IFSBH#PHVOPVJDI 7VDIB[.JMBDIPVJDIFU3BEJ[#SBUVHMJFVJDIEF#PHMJVOJ <>%"% %FC. /PU. -* fh
7***

ͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ΁; ΒͰͻͺͻͳͲͳͬͪ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭ̽ͳͷͳͽͻͳΒ;ͳ͊ͬͰͽ͹͋ͻ͹Βͼͽͬ͹ ΃ͽ͹͸ͪͷ
ͼͬΒͰͯ͹΂ͳͯͪ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͬͰͲͰͼͽͲͬͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ; ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ ͺͻͰͲͳ
ͻͪͶͳ͵ͻͼͽͳͼͬͰ΁Ͱ
͌ͼͰͶ; ̹ͳͼ͵;ͺ; ͸ͰͯͪͶͰ͵͹͹̻ͯͶͪͬͪͽͳ΂Ͱͬͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̓͹Δͳ΁ ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ;̻ͻ΂͵ͪͭͶͪͬͳ΁ͪ
ͼͷΒͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͳ ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͽͳΒͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ
̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͈ͻͰͷͪͳͲͬΒͰ΃ͽͪΒ;̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ
ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͪͭͰ͹ͯͰͽͼ͵͹ͼ͸ͳͷͪΔͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͽͰͻͰ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͫͻ͹ΒͳͼͽͰΕ͵ͪͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͫͻ͹Βͭͻ͹
ͫ͹ͬͪͫͰͲͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪΒͰͺ͹ͷΒͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ ;ͽ͹͸;͹;ͲͰͷΓ;
ͳͼ͵ͶͳͲ͸;͹ͼͪͺͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͉ͪ͸ͳΒͰ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹Β͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ ̹͑Ͱ΃ͶͪͭͳΕ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ ͼͪ͸
ͯ;͵ͪͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͼΓͰͷͰΔͪ͵ #FØMBHJǀ ͼͽͻ

͈ͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͪͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͪͻ΀Ͱ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͳͲͬͻ΃ͳ͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ͅ ̺Ͱͭ͹ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͹ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͭͻ͹ͫΓ; ͬͶͪͼͽͰ͹ͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ
͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ͆ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͼͽͰΕ͵;͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸ͯ;͵ͪͳͼͺͳͼͪ͸͹ΒͰ
͇ͬͯΒͰͶͰͱͳͭ͹ͼͺ͹Ό̻ͪ͹ͳͼͶͪͬͪ ͵ΕͰͻ͚;ͻΌ̹ͪͪͶ΃ͳΕͪͳͱͰ͸͉ͪͪͯͳ΂ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ;ͯͪͶͪ;͵;Ε;͵ͪͲ
͸ͪ΁ͪ͊ͪ͸͵ͪͳͱ;ͺͪ͸̹ͪΒͰΓͪ͵ͪͼͪ΂ͪ΃Ε;ͺ͹΃ͽ;ΒͰͼͬ͹Β;ͬΒͰͻ;ͳͬͳ΃Δ;ͼͶͪͬ;͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀
ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ̺ͅͰͭ͹ΒͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹ͯͪΒͰ̻͹ͳͼͶͪͬͪ;ͷͻͶͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͪΒͪͳͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ
͸Ͱ 7FHP ͼͽͻ7FHP ͪ ͼͽͻ–45

͇ͯͪͬ͸͹ ΒͰ ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͹ ͭͻ͹ͫ; ̻͹ͳͼͪͬͰ ͵ΕͰͻͳ ͚;ͻΌͪ ̹ͪͶ΃ͳΕͪ ͼ;ͺͻ;ͭͰ ͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͰ
͉ͪͯͳ΂ͪ͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͪ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͫͻͪͽͱ;ͺͪ͸̹ΒͰΓͪ͵ ͪ͹ͽͪ΁͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪ΁͊ͪ͸͵͹ͅͳͶͽͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ͌ͭͻ͹ͫ;̻͹ͳ
ͼͪͬͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ΒͰ͸Ͱͽͪ͵͸;ͽ͵͹ͼͽ;ͻͳͺͻͳͶ͹ͲͳͼͬͳͶͰ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͵Ͱ ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵΀ͪΓͳ͸Ͱ ͪ;;ͼͽͳͷͪͯ;ͫͻ͹ͬͪ
΂͵ͳͯͳ͸ͪͻ͵͹ͬͪ͸͹͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ́ͼͺ͹ͯͼͽͰΕ͵ͪͺ͹ͻͰͯΔͰ͸͹ͭ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͯͪͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯͪͬ͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͉ͪͯͳ΂; ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ΒͰ͵͹ͼͽ;ͻͼͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ͹ͷ ;΂ͳΒͳͷͼͰ;ͼͽͳͷͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͹ͯ;ͫͻ͹ͬͪ
΂͵ͳͯͳ͸ͪͻ 7FHP ͼͽͻ 127–1

͆ͪͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͷͯͳΒͰͶ;͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳͼ;͹ͼͽͪ΁ͳ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹
ΒͰͻͼ;͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͳͫͳͶͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ͌΁ͻ͵ͬͳͼ;ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ͳͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ͸ͳͼͽͰΕ΁ͳ
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͸ͪͶͪͲͪͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ͹ͯͲͶͪͽ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹͵ͪͽͪ ͲͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͽͰΕͪ͵̺ͅͰͭ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ ͯͪͫͳ
ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͽͳ̽ͻͪͱͰ͸;̹͹ͭ͹ͺͪ͸Ͱ΁; ͹΁;ͱ;ͺͪ͸ͪͅͳͶͽͰ͸ͪ̀ͪͳͲͬΒͰͼ͸ͪͭͻ͹ͫ͸ͪͷΒͰͼͽͪͳͲ͸ͳ͹ΒͰ
ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵; ͵͹Βͳͷ ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ ͻ͹ͯͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ; 7FHP ͼͽͻ –
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ
͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͰͲͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͰ
̺ͶͪͼͽͰ͹ͼ͵ͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͳ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͳΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ ͳͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͺͻͪͽͳͽͳ͹ͯ
ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͊ͪ͸ͯͪΓ͎ͪͻͪ͸ͳΕͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͳͺͻͰ΁ͳͳͷͪͶͳͼ;
ͺͪͽͻͳͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͰͲͳͷͰ ̹͹ͭ͹ͺͪ͸Ͱ΁ ̽ͻͪͱͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͳ ͅͳͶͽͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ 9*7 ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ
;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͶͳͼ;͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͰͷ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͼ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͬͶͪͼͽͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳͶͳ͸ͪ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͰ ̽ͪͫͪͻ ͈͹ͺ͹ͬ͹ͳ̓͹͸ͪ
ͬͶͰ͈ͻͬͳͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱͫͳ͹ΒͰ̽ͻͪͱͰ͸̹͹ͭ͹ͺͪ͸Ͱ΁ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ;
͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔ;̓ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͼͰͺ͹ͷͳΔ;̹ͻͪ͸ͳͼͶͪͬͳ̺ͳͯ͹ͷͳͻ̹͹ͭ͹ͺͪ͸Ͱ΁̽ͻͪͱͰ͸͹ͬͼͳ͸ͅͳͶͽͰ͸ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͯΒͰͶ͹ͬͪ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͱ;ͺͪ͸͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͪ ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͪͳ̓͹͸ͪͬͪ
Ͷͪ́ͷͪ͹ΒͰͼͳ͸͹ͬͰ̻ͻͪͯ͹Βͪͳ͊ͪ͸͵ͪͳ͵ΕͰͻ͉ͪͯͪ΂;ͅͳͶͽͰ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͶͳΒͰͯͳ͹ͼͳ͸͊ͪ͸͵͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ
͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳͽͳΒͳ΀ ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͻ͹ͯͪ ͌ͺͻͪͬΓͪ͹ ΒͰ ͆ͰͬͰͼͳΔͰͷ ̀ͪͭ͹ͻΒͰͷ ̽ͪͫͻ͹ͷ ͈͹ͺ͹ͬ͹ͷ ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ

ͯͳΒͰͶ͹ͷ͎;ͷͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͳͷ͹ͻΒͪͳ̓͹͸ͪͬͪͶͪ̓ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ͵ͳͽͬͻͯͰ ;ͷͻ͹ΒͰͳͶͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͊ͪ͸͵͹
ͬͳͼͳ͸͹ͬͳͫͳͶͳͼ;ͬ͹Βͬ͹͉ͯͪͪͯͳ΂ͳͱ;ͺͪ͸̹ͰΓͪ͵͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳῈͪ͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͰΒͰ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹̓͠ͳͻͰ΂Ͱ͵
ͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪͯͪͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ͇ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓ;̽ͻͪͱͳͬ͹ΒͰͬͳΕͪ ͅͳͶͽͰ͸͹
ͬͳΕͪ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ΀͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͪ ͼͬΒͰͯ͹΂ͳ͸ͪͯͭͻ͹ͫ͸ͳ͸ͪͽͺͳͼ;̺ͰͶͳ΂ͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͰͳ̻ͻͪͯ͹ΒͰͬͰͼͰͼ
ͽͻͰ͉ͪͯͪ΂Ͱ ;ͯͪͽͰ;͈͹ͺ͹ͬ͹Ͳͪ͆Ͱ͸΁ͪ͐ͳ΀͹ͻͳΕͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͲͪͷ͹͸ͪ΃ͳͶͪͳ;ͲͰͶͪͳͷͰ͈͹Ͷͳ΀ͻͪ͸ͳΒͪ
͠ͳͻͰ΂Ͱ͵ 2 ͼͽͻ
͌ͺ͹ͬͰΓͳ͵͹Β;ͼ;ͳͲͯͪͶͳͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͫͻͪΕͪ͊ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͳͼͰ
Ͳͪ͵ͶͳΔ; ͊ͬͰͽͳͷ ͋ͻ͹Βͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͳ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͵ͻͼ͸ͳͷ ͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͊ͬ ͚;ͻΌͰͷ ͳ ̸ͻ΀ͪ͸ͭͰͶ͹ͷ ͅͳ΀ͪͳͶ͹ͷ
͈Ͱ͵ͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̽;ͭͳ͸ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͼͽͰΕ΁ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͷͰΌ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͭͻͪ
Ϳͳͷͪ ͪͻ΀Ͱ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳͷͪ ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͻͪͲ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͷͪ
́ͺ͹ͻͰͯͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͭ;ͼͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͻͪͯͳ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ ͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ;ͺͳ
ͼͪ͸ͪ̈́ͳͼͽ;͌͸Ͱͼ͵ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͳ͹ͺͻͰ΂͸ͳͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;ͼͽͰΕͪ͵ͪ͸ͰͼͷͪΔͰ
͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳͽͻͪΒ;ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ
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̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳἘ͹ΒͳΕ ̽
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ͪͅͼͶͰ΃ͪi.
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ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͪͷͪ: 227– ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
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̹͹ͼ͸Ͱͳ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ *–79.
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7: 29–35.
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ͼ͵ͳͲͪͺͳͼͳ –4: 93–

͋͹΃ͳΕ ͚
̽͹Δ͹ͬͶͪ΃͵ͳ ͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͳ ̺Ͷͪ΀͹ͬͳΕͳ ͳ ͅͳͻͳͶ͹ͬͳΕͳ ; ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹Β ͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ
͉ͪͯ͹ͬͳ7: 195–212.
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͎Ͱͻ΁Ͱͭ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ;͉̹ͻͪͽͳΕ ;ͻ
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̺Ͷͪͯͳͷͳͻͳ͊ͬͰͽ͹Ͳͪͻͣ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ
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̸̸̸͉͈͉͇̺̈́̾̓͊͆̽̾͋́ͣͅ1
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒ;
̸̸̸̸̸̸͈͉͇͉̿́̓͌̈́͋͌́͆̾͋͢͢ͅͅ
̸̸̸̺͉͇̻͇̹͇̾̽͆͊͋́͌̽͆͑̾̈́̈́́͊͋́͐̓͢ͅͅ
̺͊̾͋͌ 2

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ̓ͪͯͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ; ͬͳͯ͹͵ͻ;ͭ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹ ͹ ΃ͳͻͰΔ;

Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺͻͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͊ͬͰͽ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;ͼ;΃ͽͪͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͽ;͹ͼ͹ͫͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͲͪ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͪͯ͹ͫͻͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ΔͰ͸ͳ;ͬͪͱͰ͸ͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳ ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΁ͳ͹ͯͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͵ͪ͹ ͹͸͹ͭ΃ͽ͹ ͸ͳΒͰͯͰ͹ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͰ
Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ̻ͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͷͪ΃ͳͻͰΔͪͳͲΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪ͸ͪ ͭ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͪͻͰͪͶͰ ͷ͹ͭͶͰͫͳ;ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΌ;͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͶ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ;
͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ ͫͳΕͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ Ͳͪ ͽ͹ ͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͲͷ;
ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͵͹Βͳ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱ
ͪͷͫͳ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸ͭͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͻͷ;ΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͲͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪͼͬͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹͸ͳ΃
ͽͪͬͪΔͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ΒͰͲͳ͵;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ͵͹Βͳ͸͹ͼͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͬͳͱ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ
ͺͻͰͯͪ͵ͪͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸;ͱ͸͹
ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪ͸ͪͳΌͰ͸ͪ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΓͰΔͰͱͳͬ͹ͭ ͭ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯ;΀ͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͭͪͲͳͶͪͯͪͷ;ͽͻ͹΃ͳͳ
͸ͪͭͻͳͲͪͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳΒ;
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́: ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ
ͺ͹ͻ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔ;
͆Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͱͳͬͳͷ͹;ͽͲͬͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ; ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͳͷͼͽͪͯͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪi ͽΒ;

ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͷ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͳͶ;͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫͰͲͭͶͪͬΓ;ΒͰͳͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͲͪ΂;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͷͰͽͰ͸͹ͼͽ͋͹ΒͰͺ͹ͭ͹͸ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ
1
karuzasin@gmail.com
2
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͰͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͵͹ΒͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱͳ

̸̸̸͉͈͉͇̺̈́̾̓͊͆̽̾͋́ͣͅ: ͈ͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͷ
͸ͪͯͷͰͽͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Β͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͶͳͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͻͪͽ; Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ ͸ͪ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͷ ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ; ͸ͪ ͳͲͬͪΔ΃ͽͰΔ; ͺ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸ͳ΀ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ
ͫͳΕͪ͵ͪ͹;ͺͻͪͱΔͪͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ;΂͸ͰͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ΃ͽ͹ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͳͫͰͻ͸Ͱͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ
;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΁ͳ͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳͲͷͪ̓ͪͯͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹Βͪͼ͸͹ ͹͸͹͸ͪͷͰͽ
Γͳͬ͹ͲͪͼͶͰͺΓ;ΒͰͳͺͻͰ͹͵ͻͰΕͰͼͰ͹ͺͰͽ;͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹͉Ͱͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒͪͽͪ͵ͬͰͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ΃Γͪ΃ͽͰΕͳ
Βͪͼ͸͹ͭ ;ͽͻ΁ͳͲͪ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹΃Ε;ͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͺͼͳ΀͹Ͳͪͼͭ͹ͷͳͶͪΔͳͷͪͫͰͼͷͳͼͶͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͳͼͺͻͪͱΔͪͬͪͳͼ;΃ͳ̽ͪͼͰ͸Ͱͫͳ;͵͹΂ͳ͹ ͽ;ͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͷͪͱͰͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͰͼ;ͻ͹ͭͪ
ͽͳͷͪ ͳͲ ͪͻͼͰ͸ͪͶͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͱͳΔͰͻͳ͸ͭͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱ͹ͼͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͼͽͪΔͪͳͯͻͱͪΔͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ;ͽͰͷͰΓ;Β;Ε;Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ 3 ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹
ͷͰ͸ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ;ͬͳͯ;ͼͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͪͭͰ͸ͼͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;ͷͳͼͪ͹͸;͵ͻͳͲ; ΂ͳͷͰΒͰͺ͹ͺ
ͻͳͷͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͻͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ͸;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͼͺͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͪ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ ͽͰ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬ; ͸Ͱͳͼͽͳ͸; ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ; ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹Βͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͹ͫͶͳ͵; ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ
̿ͳͬ;Εͪ ͸Ͱͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪ ͼͰ ͯͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;
ͭͶͪͯ͸Ͱ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͹ͼ;ΒͰΕͳͬͪΔͪ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸͹΃Ε; ͫͳͬͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͪ ;ͲͯͳͲͪͶͰ ͸ͪ
ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͰͼΒͪΒͰͬͪͯͳͭͳͽͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͽͰͫͪ΁ͪͶͰ;ͼͰ͸͵;ͼͬͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹
ͺ͹ ͺ͹ͺͻͳͷΓͰ͸ͳͷ ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳͷͪ ͽͳ΀ ͷ͹Εͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͷͺͰͲ͸͹ ͳ ͸ͪ͵ͳΕͰ͸͹ ͊ͪ ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ ͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͹ͯͬͳΒͪͳ͸ͪ΃ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬͳ΁ͪ
͌ͽͳ΁ͪΒͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹΂ͳͽΒͰͳ͸ͪͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͷͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹
ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪͳͷͰ ͸ͪͳͲͷͰ͸ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵; ͵͹Βͳ
͵ͪ͹ͯͪΒͰ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ
͵ͻͰͯͳͫͳͶͳͽͰͽ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͳ͸ͰͽͪΒͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ
΁ͳ͹͸ͳ͵;ͻͼͳͺͪ͵ͼͪͭͶͰͯͳͬͳͷ͊;͵͹ͫͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͻͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹ͷͳ͸ͳͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ;͵ͪͲ;Β;
͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯͰͷͪͻ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͰͫͳͬͪΒ;ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳ
ͽͳͬͪ͸Ͱ ͬͰͶͳ͵̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͳΒͪ ;͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͪ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͶ͸̹ͪͳ͎ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ͑͵͹ͽͼ͵ͪͳ́ͻͼ͵ͪ
̾͌ͼ̺ͪͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒ͹ͷͳͫͰͲΔͰͳͽͯ
Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͼͽͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀
ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͺͻͰͺͶͳΕ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
;Ͷ͹ͭͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪͽͰͲͳ͹ͺͻͳ
ͼͽ;ͺͳͷͪͺ͹Βͷ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͬͳͲ;ͻͪͷͪͪͭͻͰͭͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪΔͪͳͶͳ͵͹͸ͭͶ͹ͷͰͻͪͽͪ ͽΒ;ͺͻͰͬͳͻͪΔͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͷͰΔͪΒ;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪͳͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͪ ͳͲ͸͹ͬͳ΀
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͳͶͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸ͳͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͳͬͪΔ̻ͪͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼ; ͯͻͱͰͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͼͽͳ
΂͵ͳ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͳ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͳͷͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ
3
͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳΒͰͳͪ͵΁ͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͸ͰͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͼͰͳͲ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ;ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳͲͯͬ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹Βͷͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹͹͸͹ͭͳͼ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͰͿͰͷͰͻ͸͹ͭ;Δ͹Β ͵ͪ͹
ͺͻͬ͹Βͳͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸̸ͪͻͳͼͽ͹ͽͰͶ͹ͬ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͹;ͼͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; ;͵͹Β͹Β͹͸ͼͶͰͯͳ͈Ͷͪͽ͹͸ͪ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ ;͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ 41––
̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͿͪͬ͹ͻͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͳ΂Ͱͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͻͰͼͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ͸ ͵͹Βͳ
;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͰͯͪͽͰt΂͹ͬͰ͵;;͸;ͽͪͻ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪi͵ͪ͹ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ tͽ;ͼͽͬͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪi͹͸͹ͭ΃ͽ͹
ΒͰͼͽͰ ͭͯͰͼͰ;ͺ͹ͻ͸͹ ͼͶͰͯͳ΃ͰͼͽͶͳ͸ͳΒͪͳͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͰͻͪΔ;ͼͺͻͯΔͰͼͪ
͹ͬ͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͷͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪͽ;͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸͹ ͬͳͯͰͽͳͳ͌ͲͰͶͪ΁ ͼͽͻ ͵ͪ͹ͳ
͌ͲͰͶͪ΁ ͼͽͻ

͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ;ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪͳͶͳͰͯ;͵ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͲͪͬͳͼͰ
͹ͯͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹;ͬͪͱͪͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;Δͳͷͪ ͎ͰͿͰ ͼͽͻ
4
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͼͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͪΔͰ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ
ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͰͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ;ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͳ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ
ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͽͬ͹ͻͰͼͳͷͫ͹
Ͷͳ΂͵; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ Ͳͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͪ ͳ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ; ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͫͳͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͳ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹Εͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͺͳͽͪΔͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ
ͯͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;ΒͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹Βͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͼͽ;ͻͪ ;
ͺͻͬͳͺͶͪ͸ͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ͭͪͼͶͪͫͳ ͽΒͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ;Βͪ΂ͪΔ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͳͲͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͼ;ͲͪͳͼͽͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͺͻͰͽΔͰ͹ͯ͸;͵ͶͰͪͻ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪΔͪͳͲͪͭͪΌͰΔͪͬͪͲͯ;΀ͪͳͬ͹ͯͰ
͋͹ͯͪͼͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ ΒͰͻΒͰ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪ
͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ͽͲͬͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳͶͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͻ͹;ͭͶ;ͪ͠ͺͪ͸
͊ͰͬͰͻ͸ͪ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ ͭͯͰ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ; ͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ΃ͽ͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ
͹͸Ͱ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͺ͹ΒͪͷͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͼͺͻͰͭ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͻͪͼͽͪ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ ; ͼͶͪͫΓͰΔ; ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳͶͳ ͼ
ΔͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼt;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͪͻͽͳ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͪ͵͹Βͳ
;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͯͬͪΒ͵ͪͯͪ
͆͹ͬ͹ͼͽ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪ ; ͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͳͲ
Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵Ͱ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ͹͸ͪ͵͹Βͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓ;ΒͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͫ;ͯ;Εͳͯͪ;͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ΒͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳt͸͹ͬͪ΁
ͫͳͻͪ͸ͪΒΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳΒͳͺ;ͽi ͽΒͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ΃ͰͳͻͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;ΒͰͺͻͰͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪ ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷ ͼͳͶͪͷͪ ͺͻͰ;ͻͰΌ;Β; ͼͪͼͽͪͬ ͳ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͇ͯ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͼ; ͽ; ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͶͳ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͺͪ͹ͯͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪtͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͳͭͻͰi͵͹Βͪͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪΒ;͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲ͹
ͬͪΔͰͷ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪ ͳ ͼ͵ͳͯͪΔͰͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ ͲͪͬͳͼͰ ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ; ̹ͪΓ ͼͽͻ
.5 ͇͸ͳ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͲͪͬͳͼͰ ͳ ͹ͯ ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β
ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼ͹ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͸Ͱ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ ; ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͫͻͲͳ΀ Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒt͊ͬͰͽͫͰͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪiΒͰͽͰ͵͹͸ͪΒ
͵͹Βͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ;ͷͻͰͱͰ͸ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͺͻͰ͵͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΒ;ͽͰͷͻͰ
ͱͰͷ͹Εͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͼͬͰͽͰͶͳͽͪͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ϳͪ͸ͽͪͲͳΒͪ. ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͹͸
ΒͰ;ͷͰͻͳͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͬͪͻͷ͹Εͳͳͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽΒͼͪͻͪͯΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ ͳͶͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹
ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͼͪͬͰͽͰ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹͸ͪͺ͹Γ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ;͵ͪͶ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
4
͋ͳͷͰ ͼͰ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͷͪ͸Ͱͬͪͻ ͭ;΃ͰΔͪ ͺͻͪͬͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͭ;ͫͳ ͸ͪ ΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽ; ͼͳͷ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͰͲͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͪ͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
5
͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸;ͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;͹͸ΒͰͲͪ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹͵ͪ͹͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͽͳͷͪ͸Ͱͬͪͻ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪͺͻͪͬͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ
ͼͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ͹͸͹Βͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹Βt͸ͪͯ;ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͳͶͳͺͻͰ;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪͭ;ͫͰͼͷͳͼͪ͹

ͳͼͺͶͪͽͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͳͶͳͺͪ͵;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͺ͹͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳͷͪ;
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰiͼͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷi
ͅ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪ t͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽi ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ; ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͯͻͱͰ ; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ
t΃ͳͻͰΔͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰi͵ͪ͹ͯͰͶͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰ͹ΒͰͼͬͰͽͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ
ͯͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͳͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ tͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰi
ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸Ͱ
ͽͲͬ Ͱͯ;͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ; ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͪ ͷͪͯͪͬͪΓͪ
ͳͷͪͽͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ͯͪ ͼ; ͳ ͽͰ ͷͻͰͱͰ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͪͫͳͶ͸Ͱ ͋ͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ ͹ͯͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ ;Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͯͰ͹ͫͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͼ͵͹͵ ͳͶͳ ͺͪͯ
ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͫͰͻͲͳ
ͽͬ͹ͻͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ;ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪΔ;ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ ͺͪͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳ ͭ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ;ͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;;ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔ;͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ;ͷͪΔ͹Β
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͳ͵͹Βͳͼͽͳ΂;ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ͸ͪͺͻͰ
΁ͳͷͪ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪͳͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰͷͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͽͻ͹΃
͵͹ͬͪ
̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ ͼͪͷͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͼͪ ͺ͹ͬͶͪΌͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͷͰͭͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͻͪ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͷ͹Εͳ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͻͪͼͽͬͳͼ͹͵͹
ͬ͹Ͷ;ͷͳ͸͹Ͳ͸ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͳ ͵͹͸Ϳͳͭ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͪ ̹ͻͳ͵
ͳͲ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪΒ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͲ͹ͬͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹
ͷͪͻ͵ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͪͻͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳ΃;ͻͪͲͷͰΔͳͬͪΔͰͳͯͰΒͪͳͼͽͬͪͻͳ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ;͵ͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹Β
ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΒ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ͸͹ͬͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͪͶͳͬͪͲͯͪ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͽ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͶͪͽͪͲͪͽͳ΁ͪ͸ͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ̸͵ͽͰͻͳͽͰͼ΁Ͱ͸Ͱ
ͼ;ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͼͽͪͻͪΒ;͹ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱͳͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ;͵ͰͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
͹͵͹ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ
;ͯͻ;ͱͳͬͪ͸ͳ ͼ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͳͲ ͯ;΀ͪ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ;Β; ;
ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳ ͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ ͸ͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͶ; ͺ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ
ͽ͹͵͹ͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ΕͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͫΓͪ̓ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͫͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
͹ͼͬͪΒͪΒ;ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵Ͱ͵͹ͽͰͳͳ͸ͼͽͪͶͳͻͪΒ;ͼ͹͸ͯͰͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͳͭͶͪͯͳΒͪͽ͹ͻ
ͼ͵ͳͯ;΀ͺͻͰ;ͻͰΌ;Β;ͼͬͰͽ;ͼͪͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͳͲͭͶͰͯͳͷͪ ͸ͰͷͳͶͳ΁Ͱͽͻ͹΃ͰΕͳΓ;ͯͼ͵;ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳΒ;
͸ͪͽ͹ͷͰΔͪΔͰ͌ͲͪͷͰ͸;Ͳͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;ͯ͹ͯͳͻ;ΒͰͷ͹ͳͼͺͻͪͲ͸͹t͸ͳ΃ͽͪi
̽͹ͼ͵͹ͻͪ ͼͬͰΒͰͽ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͪ;ͬͳ΃ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪͷͰΔͪΔͳͷͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͻͪͯͪ ͪ͹͸Ͱ
ͼ; Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͰ ͼͬͰ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ7 ͋ͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͼͬͰͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͸ͪͼ ΒͰ ͲͪͽͰ͵Ͷͪ

͌ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͵ͪͶ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸͹΃Ε; ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪ t<> ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳ ͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ͹ͬͳ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͽͰ΃͵͹ ͷͰͻΓͳͬͰ ;͵;ͺ͸Ͱ ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸;Β; ͼͰ ͼ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸ͳͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ
͵͹ͰͿͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͽͪ͵͹ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹ ͯͪ͹ͯͪͽͶͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰͳͲͬͶͪ΂ͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳͅͳͼͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͳͪͬͪͻͪͬͪͷ͹
͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹΃Ε;ͳͺͶͪ;ͲͳͫͳͶ͸͹΃Ε;ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ ͵͹Βͳ;ͫͶͳͱͰͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͱͳͬͳ͠Ͱͻ͸ͳΒͰ
;ͱͳͱͳͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹΂ͳͽͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Βͼ͵ͪͶͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͷͳͼͶͳ͵͹Βͳͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͳͷͪͽͪͼ͵ͪͶͪ ͪ͵͹Βͳͼͷͳ
ͼͪ͹ͳͷͪͫͻ͹Β͸ͪΔ͹Βi ͎ͰͿͰ ͼͽͻ

7
͆͹ͬͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;Ͱ͸ͽ;ͲͳΒͪͲͪͷͲͪͲ͸ͪΔͰͷ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͷͪͱͰ;ͽͰͭ͹ͫ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ;ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͶͰͰ͸ͽ;ͲͳΒͪͲͷ͹ͷͲͪ
ͫͻͲͳͷ ͳ Ͷͪ͵ͳͷ Ͳͪͻͪͯͪͷͪ ͼͪ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͼ͵ͻͪΕͳͬͪ͸ͳͷ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͳ ͸ͪͺͻͰ΂ͪ΁ ;ͯͪͻͪ͸ͳͷ ͺ;ͽͰͬͳͷͪ ͯ͹ ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ

;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͰͼͺͻͰͷ͸Ͱͳ;ͼͿͰͻͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͺͪͼͰͽͻͰͲͬͰ͸ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΔͪͼͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹΃Ε;
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΔͪͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰtͫ͹ͻͫͰͳͯͰΒͪiͳͶͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;ͳͭͻ;ͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ ͺͪͳͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͈ͪͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭͼͽͪΔͪͼͽͬͪͻͳͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ
ͼ; ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ;ͼͶͰͯͳͶͪ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͼͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ
ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭ ͪͶͳͳͺͪ͵͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͼ;Ͷͪͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͰ ͳͺ͹ͼͰ
ͫ͸͹;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͰΒͰͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͬͯͰͳͼͪͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͳͼͻͰΕ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹
ͅ͹ͱͰͼͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪΒ;;ͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͳͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͪͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͻͰͲ;Ͷͽ͹ͬͪͶͪ ͻͪͼͺͪͯ͹ͷ ͫͳͬ΃Ͱ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ;͵͹Β͹Β ͼ;ͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ
Ͷͳ΂͸ͳͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ͋͹ΒͰͳͼͺͻ͹ͯ;͵͹ͬͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͪͳͻͪͲ͹΂ͪͻͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͺͻͰͯ
ͳͯͰΒͪͷͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻͪͬͯͰ ͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͳ ͼͷͳͼͶͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͯ;΀ͪ ͊͵Ͱͺͼͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͺ;͸͹ͭͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͳͷͪ
Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶͪΒͰ͹ͽͪͯͪͪͽ͹ͷͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͺ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸;ͻͰͲͳͭ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹ΒͪͼͬͰ;ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪ
͆ͪͯͷ͹Εͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͪ͵ͼ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯ;΀ͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͼͬͳͷͺ͹Γͳͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͻͪͯͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸Ͱ
͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺ͹΃ͽͰΌͰ͸͹͹ͯͺͻͰͬͻͰͯ͸;Β;Εͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͪͽͰΕͳ΀͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
ͼͰͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳͼͬͰ;΂ͰͼͽͪͶͳΒͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲ;Β;ͯ͹ͷͰͻͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ
ΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͷͰͻͪͬͪ͸Δͳ΀ ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼ;͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ͯͳͭ͸;ͽͳͷ͸ͰͬͳͯΓͳͬͳͷͲͳͯ͹ͷ
͊ͽͪͶ͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͷͳͻͰ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͷͰͽΓͳͬͰ͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼͰͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀
ͭͻ;ͺͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͷͪͳͼͷͰͻͪΔͳͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ;͸ͪ΀͹ΌͰΔͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͽͳͻͪ͸ͪ
ͼͬͰ ͯ͹ ͹͸Ͱ ͼ;ͷ͹ͻ͸Ͱ Ͳͫͻ͵ͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ Ͳͪͼͽͻͪ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Β; ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ͵ͪ4FJOVOE;FJUͪ §
̽;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͳͯͳͬΓͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲ͸ͳͷ͵ͻͳͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͶ͹͸΁Ͱͷ ͳͶͳ͵͹ͻ;ͺͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͪΔͰͷ ͬͰ͹ͷͪͼ;
ͼ;ͲͳͶͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺͶ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͪͿͳͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹Β͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;
ͼͰͼ͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ;ͽͰͼ͵͹ͫͳ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͪͻͰͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ;ͼͽͻ;΁ͳͳͶͳ
ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͻͪͯ; ͊ͪ ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͫͶͪͭ͹͸ͪ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͭ ͳ ͹ͫͲͳͻ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁;ͻͪΌͪͼͰͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͯ;΃͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹Βͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͳ ΒͰͻͼ;ͼͰ
ͺͻͰ͵ͳͺ;ͽͰͬͳͯ͹Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͳͳͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ͸ͪ;΂
͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͬͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪ
͆ͪ΃ͪ͸͹ͬ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͻ;ͺͽͳͬ͸ͪͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͪͳͼ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͰͺͻͰͷͪͶͳ͵;ͺͻͭͪͬͳ΀ͷ͹ͷͪ͵ͪͳ
ͪͽͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͯͰͬ͹Βͪ͵ͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͺͻͰͷͻͰͱͪͬͪΒ; ; tͺͪͻ͹ͬͳͷͪi ͬͰΕͳ͸; ͼͶͳ͵ͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ
ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͇ͽ͵ͶͪΔͪΔͰ ͸ͰͶͪͭ͹ͯͰ ͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΔͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ
;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰͷͲ͸ͪΔͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͶͪͭ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ͵;ͺ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ̸͵͹ΒͰ
Βͪͬ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪͯͪͼͰͯ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͯͻͱͳ ͵ͪ͹ͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͳͼͺ͹ͯͱͳͽͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͵ͻͳͶͪͽͳ΁ͪ ͯͪͽ͹
΃ͽ͹͹͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰ;͸͹ͬ΂ͳͽͳͯ͹͵ͼͰͼͪͼͬͳͷ͸Ͱ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒͰ ͪ͹͸ͯͪ͸ͪͻͰͯͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ͵ͻ;ͷͳ
͸ͪͺ͹ͯͳΒ;ͷͯͪͼͪ͵ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪ͹ͯͭͶ;ͷΓͳͬͪΔͪ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ͌ͲͰͶͪ΁ ͼͽͻ141–

͆ͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬ͸ͰͭͪͽͳͬͳͲͪͷͫͪ΂Ͱ͸͹ΒͰͳͯͳΒͪͭ͸͹ͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͼͬͰͽͶ͹t̽ͪ͸ͪͼͼͰ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪͼͰ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͰͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͼͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳͷ ͪ
ͳͼ͵͹ͻͰΔ;ΒͰͼͰͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ͳͷͼͰ;ͼ͵ͻͪΕ;Β;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹;
ͽ͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ΁; – ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͳ ͳͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ͵; ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ

͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͰͻͰͯ;͵;ΒͰͲͪͻͪ΂;͸ͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ;ͼͶͰͯͫͻͲ͹ͭͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͬͪΔͪͳͷͪΒ;
ͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻͪ͸͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻi ͌ͲͰͶͪ΁ ͼͽͻ

ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͻͪͯ͸ͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͯ;ͫ͹͵ͪ
ͼͰ͸͵ͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͯͪtͼͺͶͪͬͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀iͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͪͺͪͱΔͰ͸ͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͯ
͸ͪͼͯͪ͸ͪͼ;͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹͋͹ͭͪΒͰ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͳͫͳͶ͹ ͪͶͳͼͰͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͽͪͻͪͶͪͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;
ͬͳ΃ͳͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͸Ͱ ; ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͺͶͪ͸ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ Βͪͬ͸ͳ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͼͰͻͬͳͼ ͳͼͽ;ͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͲͪͫͪͬͰ ͼͪ ͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͫ͸ͪͱͰ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪͺͳͻͶͳͽͪ͸ͳͷ
ͼͽͪͻͶͰͽͪͷͪ ͫͰͲ ͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ ;͵;ͼͪ ͳ ͽͪͶͰ͸ͽͪ ͪ ͸Ͱ;ͷͰͼ͸ͳ ;ͷͪ΃ΕͰ͸ͳ ͻͳΒͪͶͳͽͳ ΃͹; ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͵ͪ͹
΁ͰͶ͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͪ͵Ͷ;͵; ͹͸ͯͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ΃ͪΓͰ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼͽͬ; ͼͽͻͪ΃͸ͪ ͇ͬ͹
ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰΒͰͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪͶ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͲͯͻͪͬΓͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͳ͸;ͯͳͶ͹ΒͰ
͹΂ͳͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͷͳͼͶͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͷͪ͵ͪͻͳͺͻͰͷͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪ
ͼͰ ͺͻͪͽͳ9 ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͼͪ ͳ͸ͯ͹ͶͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͼͰ ;ͽͪͺͪ ; ͫͰͼͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͸;
ͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸;͹ͺ΃ͽ͹ͼͽ ΒͰͻͷͶͪͯͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͲ ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ ͼͽͪͻͪΔͪͭ;ͫͰ ͹ͼͶ͹͸ͪ΁;
ͭͻͪͯΔͳͼͽͻ;΂͸ͳ΀ͳͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͳ΀͵ͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳ΀ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ
͌͵ͻ΃ͽͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͪΒͰͳͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͲͪ͹͵;ͺΓͪΒ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͼͬͰͽ
ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͼͪ Δͳͷͪ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸͹ͼͳ ͫͰͲ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͊ͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͎ͰͭͰͶͪ ;
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ΁ͻͽͪͷͪͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹ͿͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͯͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ
ͽͰͷͰΓ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ ͷͳͼͶͳͶͪ΁ ́ͬͪ͸ ́Γͳ͸
ͯͪͬ͸͹ ͼͰ ͲͪͶͪͭͪ͹ Ͳͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͫͪͬͰͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ͳͷͭͯͰͼͰͯͪΒ;
ͼͪͬͰͽͳ ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͳ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰtͺͻͪͬ;͸ͪ ;͵Γ;΂ͰΔͰi ;ͼͿͰͻ; ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ

̹ͪͬΓͰΔͰ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ Γ;ͯͼͽͬͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͪͻͳ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͽͶ͹ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͰͲͪͼ;ͼͻͰͽͼͪ ͹͸ͳͷ΃ͽ͹ ͼͪͷ͹ ͬͻͰͷͰͳͲ͸;ͽͻͪ͸͹ͼͳ ͳ΃ͽ͹͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͳͲͼͪͷͰͬͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͳͷͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͸Ͱͫͳͬͼͽͬ;Β;Εͳ͸ͳͭͯͰͼͺ͹ΓͪͳͶͳ
͹͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͷ ͳ ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͷ ΒͰͻ ͼͰ ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ ;ͺͪͯͪ ; ͬͻͲͳ͸͹ ͵͹Ͷ͹ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸͹ͼͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ
ͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳͲͪͷͳ͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳͲͪͷ̹ͰͲͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹͹ͺ΃ͽ͹Βͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͫͳͽͳͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪΕͰͷ͹ΕͳͯͪͼͰͳͲͫͰͭ͸Ͱ
ͺͪͯͪΔͰ ; ͬͪͻͬͪͻͼͽͬ͹ ͺ͹ͯ ͭͻͳͷͪͼ͹ͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸͹ͭ ͰͽͪͫͶͳͻͪΔͪ ͽͲͬ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͸ͪ
΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽ; ;΂ͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪͽͪͼͽͻ͹ͿͪͶ͸ͳ΀ Γ;ͯͳ ͵͹Βͳ ΕͰ ͯͰͲͪͬ;ͳͼͪΔͰͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀
͸ͪͺ͹ͻͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͯͪͭͪ;ͬͰͯ;;͸ͰͻͰͯͳͫͪ΁Ͱ;ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸͹͹΂ͪΒͪͬͪΔͰ͆ͪͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪͺͻͰͷͪ
ͯͪͽ͹ͼͽͳͷͪͬͪͲͯͪͬͪΓͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͬͪͱͰΔͪ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹ͯͻͱͪ͹ͼͪͷͼͷͳͼͪ͹
͵͹Βͳ͹͸ͳͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
9
͈ͻͰͷͪͶ͹ͭͳ΁ͳͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹Β;ΒͰ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͷͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫͳ͹͎ͰͭͰͶ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷ͸ͪͼͪ
ͺ;͵ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͼͪ tͼ;΃ͽͳ͸͹ͷ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͳͲͪ΃Ͷͪ ; ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽi ͳͶͳ ; ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸; ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ
ͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ;͵ͳ͸;Ͷͪ ; ΒͰͯ͸͹Β ͸͹ͬ͹Β ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸͹ͭ ͬͳΌͰΔͪ ͌
;͵ͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͶͳ;͵ͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͰ ͹͸ͪͯͪΓͰͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ
ͼͰͯ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͷͰͻͳͶ͹ͯͻ;ͭͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͶͰͱͳͼͪͷ͹;΂;Ͷ͸ͳͷͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ;;ͷ; ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͼͪͷ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ;͹΂ͳͽ͹ͬͪΔ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ̽ͻͱͪͬͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͳͯͰΒͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ;
ͼͬ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ; ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ ͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; tͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱi Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͲͰͷΓͰ
ͳ t͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪi
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͫͪ
͈͹Βͷ͹ͬͳͼͪͬͰͼͽͳͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͳͷͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͳͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͰͲͪ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͳtͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͲͰͷΓͰiͳͼͽͻͰͷͰΕͳt͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͫͪi
ͺͻͼͽͰ͸;Β;tͼͬͰͽͱͳͬ͹ͽͪi

͉ͪ͸ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͼͽͬͪͻͳͷͪ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ͸ͪ;͵ͪ͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ;ͼͬͰͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹
͍Ͱ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͯ;΀ͪ ͻͪͼͬͰͽΓͪͬͪ ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͳͶͳ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱ ͰͭͲͳͼ
ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͰͽ͹ͼ͸ͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ
;͸;ͽͪͻΔͰͼͪͷͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͺ͹Βͷͪ
͵ͪ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͪͷ͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͽͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͬ͸ͳͷ;ͶͪͱͰΔͰͷ;ͼͰͫͰ ͺ;ͽͰͷ
ͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪͺͻͰͷͪ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͼͽ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ̽;΀
ͽͳͷͰ͸ͰͳͲͬͻ΃ͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͪͬtͺͪͯ;ͬͻͰͷͰi ͎ͪΒͯͰͭͰͻ
͸Ͱͭ͹ͽͰ͵͸Ͱ͵ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͪ΂͸ͳ
ΒͰͻ ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰt͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹iͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪͲͪ ͼͬͻ΀;ͯͪ ;ͺ;ͽͳ͸ͪ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ ;
΀͹ͯ; ͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͯ;΀ͪ ͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ Βͪͼ͸͹ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͎ͪΒͯͰͭͰͻ͹ͬͳͷ ͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ ͇͸ͪ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰ;ͼͿͰͻͳͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͼͪͷ͹͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͪͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͷͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹;ͲͰͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫͳͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͰͳͳͲ͹Ͷ;ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯͼͪͷ͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͳ͹ͻͳͲ;ΒͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰ;;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳΒͰͳͽͳͷͰ͹ͼͬͰͽΓͪͬͪͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͼͪͷͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͷͰ
ͽͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ͇ͪͺ΃ͽ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͽͳͷͰ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ
ΒͰͯͳ͸͹͵ͪ͹͵͹ͺ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͪ͵ͽ ͸Ͱͭ͹;ͼͬͰͷ;͹͸͹ͷ΂Ͱͷ;ͻͰ΂ͯͪΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ;Β;;ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹
ͼͽͳ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͷͳͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͬͳͯ͹ͬͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͳͽ;ͺͻͳ
ͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺͻͳͺͳͼͳͬͪͽͳͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΔ;ͼͽͪͬͪͼ͹ͶͳͺͼͳͲͪͷͳͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͸ͳ΂Ͱͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͻͰͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳͶͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͼͽͪ
ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸͹
ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͲͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹΃Ε;ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͳͼͺͻͪͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳ̹ͰͲ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͭͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͭ;ͫͳͼͰͳͼͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͳ
͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ; ͵ͻͳͬΓͰΔͪͳ;ͬͻͽͪΔͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͳͷ͵Γ;΂ͰͬͳͷͪͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͭͶͰͯ͸ͪ
̸͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͼͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͽͳͶͳ͈Ͷͪͽ͹͸; ͹͸ͫͳͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳ͹ͯͪͼͰͬͪΓͪͬͻͪͽͳͽͳ
ͼͪͺ;ͽͪͲͪͼͽͻͪΔͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͺ;ͽ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰΕͰͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͽͳͳ΃ͳͻ;΃ͽͰͽ;ͺ͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͬͻͶͳ͸ͪ΀ͻͪͫͻ͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͪ ΒͰͻΒͰͫͰͲͬͻͶͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͪΒ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͺͻͪͬͯ;ͳͻͰͯ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹Ͳͪ͵͹
͸ͪͅ͸͹ͭ͹ͭͶͪͬ͹͸ͪͭ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͫͳΕͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸͹ΒͰ;ͺ͹ͱ;ͯ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͯ;΃ͰͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ΀ͻͪ
ͫͻ͹ͭͳͷͳͼͪ͹͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ ͸ͪͳͷͰͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;΂͹ͬͰ͵;. 10 ͋ͪΒΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͯͰ͹ͯ;΃Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͱͰ͵ͪͯͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͭͶͪͬͳͳͶͪͬ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͯͰ͹ͫͳͬͪΒ;ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ; ͸ͪͳͷͰ͵ͪͯͪ
ͼͰͺͻͳͺͳͽ͹ͷͰͳͺ͹ͽ΂ͳ͸Ͱ΂͹ͬͰ͵;;͸ͪͷ̺ͪͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͰͷͼͰ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪͳ;ͲͯͳͱͰͽͪΒ͵ͻ΀͵ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ͸ͪ΃Ͱ
ͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͳͫͶ͹͵ͳͻͪͺ͹ͯΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͷͺͼͳ΀Ͱ;ͲͯͳͱͰͬͶͪͯͪ
ͬͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͯ͸ͪͭ͹͸ͳͷͪͱͳͬ;Εͳ΀ͫͳΕͪ ̽ͻͱͪͬͪ E
͈ͻͪͬͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͬͪͻͳ
ΒͰ͹ͽ;ͯͺͻͪͬͰͯͪ͸΂͹ͬͰ͵ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͪ
͵͹Βͳ;ͯͪͽ͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;͹͵͹Ͷ
͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ ͽΒ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͳͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͳ ͳͲͭͻͪΌ;ΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͊ͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸΂͹ͬͰ͵ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͼͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼͪͷ͹;ͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͪͲͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͽͪ͵ͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͳͲ͸ͪΔͰ͹͹ͫͶͳ
͵͹ͬͪΔ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͪͬ͸ͪͪͽͷ͹ͼͿͰͻͪ͵ͪ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͫͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹͌Ͳ͹ͻΒͰ͹͸͹
΃ͽ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͳͯͰΒ͸ͪ ͸͹ͻͷͪ ͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪ ͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͪ ; ΔͰ͸͹Β ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳ ͶͰͱͳ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ΔͰͷ;ͯͪͽ͵ͪ͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪͳ;ͯͪΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͳͼͽ͹ D ͪ–C
ͺͪͼͽͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͲͪͯͳΒͪ
Ͷ͹΃͵;Ϳ͹ͻͷ;͈Ͷͪͽ͹͸͹ͬ͊͹͵ͻͪͽ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱͳͼ͵͹ͻͰΔͳͬͳ͸ͪͭ͹͸Ͳͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͷ
10
͈Ͷͪͽ͹͸ΒͰ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰtͽͬͻͯͳͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͯͰͶͪͽͳͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵;;͸;ͽͪͻ͹͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
ͯͪͽͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕ;ͼ͸ͪͭ;ͳͬͶͪͯͪͻͼ͵;ͷ͹Ε ͸ͪͯ͹͸͹ͷͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͭͶͪͬ͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔ͹ͷi ͈Ͷͪͽ͹͸ ͼͽͻ– 1MBUPOJT
PQFSB ͼͽͻb1
.

ͯͪ ͫͳ ͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͼͶͰͯ; ͽ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹
ͷͳͽͼ͵ͳͳͶͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͽͳͶͼ͵ͰͿͳͭ;ͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳͰͽ͹ͼ͸͹ͷͰͻͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰ
ͬͪͻͰͪͶ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͽΒͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͺͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͰͽͪͺͰͳΒͪͼ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ͹;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ΁ͳΓͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ
ͺͻͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͼͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͰͷ͵ͪ͸͹͸ͪ;ͬͪΒͪͻͼͽͬ;ͳͶͳ;Ͳ͹ͻͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͰͿͳͭ;ͻͰͺͻͰͷͪͼͻͪͲͷͰ
ͻͪͷͪͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͬͻͼͽͪ ͳͼͽ͹ E
11
͆ͰͲͪͼͳͽ͹ͼͽͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͳ͹͸;͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱ;͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͻͳͬͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͳ;͸͹ͼͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
͵ͻͳͲͰ Γ;ΓͪΒ;ΕͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͳ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ͋͹;ͽͳͶͳͽͪͻͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͼ;ͱͰͶͰͶͳͯͪͬͳͯͰ̓ͪͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͪͺ͹΀ͶͰͺ; ͳͲͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰ
΃ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͭͪͼ͸Ͱͽ;ͺ͹΂ͪͼͽ͹΀ͶͰͺΓͰͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵;ͼͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹ΓͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼ͹Ͷͳ
ͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̸͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͪ ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͳͷͰ ͼͰ ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͑ͽ͹ͼͰͬͳ΃Ͱ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͺ͹Ͳͪͫͪͬͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͼͬ͹ͭͫͶͳͱΔͰͭͳͶͳͼ;ͺͪͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͽͳͷͰͳͷΒͰ͹͸
ͯͻͪͱͳ ΒͰͻͺͻͰ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͯ;΃͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;;ͷͳͼͶͳͷͪͳ;ͯͰͶͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͳΒͪͺͪͲ͹͸;͹ͫΒͰ͵
ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͯ;΀ͪ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳ 12 ͋͹ΒͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪͳͲͪͲͯͻͪͬ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͪͭ͹͸ ͯͪͭͪ
ͽͰͻͪͯͪ;ͼͰͫͳͳͲͪͫͰͻͰͽͪ΂͸͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͺͻͰͷͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ; ͯͪͭͪͺ͹͵ͻͰΕͰ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ΔͰͷ; ͯͪ ͷ; ͯͪΒͰ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸Ͱͬ͹ΓͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ΔͰͭͪ ͈͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͹ͼͰΕͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ Ͳͪ
ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͼͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͽͰͱͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀Ͱͳ ͵ͪͯͪ;ͼͺͰ ͹ͼͰΕͪͻͪͯ͹ͼͽͼ͵Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͸͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ͲͰͷΓͰ
ͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͺͰͽͯͪͼͰ;͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳ ͯͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰͼͬ͹Β͵ͻ͹ͬͳͯͪ
ͳͲͭͻͪͯͳ ͼͰͫͳ ͯ͹ͷ ΒͰͻ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳ͸͵ͽ ͱͰͶͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ΂ͪͼ͸͹ ;ͭͻͪΌ;ΒͰ ; ͲͰͷΓ; ͵ͪ͹ ;ͯͰ͹ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ
ͪ͸͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ13
11
̹;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰ;Ͳ͹ͻͼͽͬͪͻͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸Ͱ ͹ͺ΃ͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ͼͰͼͺͪΒͪͼ͸ͪͭ͹͸͹ͷͲͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͷ͵͹Βͳ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪͬͪ
͹ͺ΃ͽͳ ͺ͹Βͪͷ ; ͽͳͺͼ͵͹ͷ ;ͽͰͶ͹ͬΓͳͬͪΔ; ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͈͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͽͪΒ ;Ͳ͹ͻ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ;
͹ͽͰͶ͹ͬΓͳͬͪΔͰͯ͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪ ͪ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͯͰΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͰ͸Ͱͻͭͳ΂͸ͪͳͶͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪͲͪͼͰͫͰ ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;Εͳ
͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͊͹͵ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪtͺ͹ͻͽͻͰͽͳͼͪΔͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͯͻͱͪͬͰiͳ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔͪͼ
ͬͪΒͪͻͼ͵ͳͷ ;ͷͰΕͰͷ ͺ͹ ;Ͳ͹ͻ; ͸ͪ ͊͹͵ͻͪͽ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͹΁ͪ ͊͹Ϳͻ͹͸ͳͼ͵ͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ ͼ; ͼͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰ ͯ͹ ͹ͺͳͺΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ
ͫͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͰ͸ͳͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͳ΂ͪ͸ͻͪ͸ͭͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ ͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͳͬ͹
ͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳΒͰ͈ͻͰͫͳͫͳͶ͹͸ͪͷͰͼͽ;ͯͪͼͰͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸ͳͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳ΀ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͵͹ΒͰ
ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͊ͽͪͻͳ ͲͪͬͰͽ ; ͯ͹ͷͰ͸; Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬͪ ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳ ͆͹ͬͳ ͲͪͬͰͽ ; ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔ; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ Ͳͪ
ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͷͼͪͷ͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪtͳͲͬͰ͵ͪ;ͬͰ͵i ̸͊ͬͺ͹ͼͽ͹Ͷ͈ͪͬͶͰ

12
͈ͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͲͰΕͳ ͸ͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͽ tͽͻͰͫͪΔͪi ͵ͪ͹ ͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸͹ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͭ ͎ͰͭͰͶ ΒͰ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽ Ε;ͯ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ

͹ͯͻͰͯͳ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͯ͹ͬͻ΃ͰΔͰ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͯ;΀ͪ ͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ; ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͯͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͪͲͪ͵͹Β;͵ͪͱͰt͆ͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪΒͰͼͽͲ͸ͪΔͰͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳΒͰͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͼͬͳ΀ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͼ΁ΒͰͶͳ͸͹ͷͪͯͪͯͻ;ͭͳͺ͹ͼΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͰͫͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪͯ;ͳͯͪͼ;ͲͫͳΓͼ͵ͳͼͪͷ͹;ͽ͹ͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;
ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬΒͰͻͰΔͰ– ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ Ε;ͯ͹ͻͰͯ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͽi ͎ͰͭͰͶ ͼͽͻf

13
t͊;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͼͽͪͶͰͱ ͳͷͪ;ͺͶ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳͳͽͶ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸;ͳ΂ͬͻͼͽ;ͷ͹ΕΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ
ͯΒͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͼͬ͹Βͺͻͪͬͪ΁ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͼͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͼͰΕ;ͯ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͪ
ͬΒͰͻͳͳͺ͹;ͲͯͪΔ;̽ͻ;ͭͳ ͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳͼͽͪͶͰͱ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸ΒͰ͸ͪͷ͹Εͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͪͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸;
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͯ͹Θͫ; ͳ ; ͸Ͱ͵; ͼ͵;ͺ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪ ͸ͪ ͼͬ͹Β; ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸; ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ
ͽͪͶͰ͸ͽ ͻͪͲ;ͷͳͷͪͻΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ͋ͻͰΕͳ ͷͳͼͶͳͶͪ΂͵ͳͼͽͪͶͰͱ ͳͷͪͲͪͼͬ͹Βͺ͹ͼͪ͹͹ͺΕͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͺ͹ͺ;ͽͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͪ
ͳͷͪ ͹͸ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͷ ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹΃Ε; ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸; ͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͺͻͬ͹ͭͪ ͪͶͳ ΁ΒͰͶͳ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪ͸;
ͼ;ͺͼͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒ;i ͎ͰͭͰͶ ͼͽͻf
͈ͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͳ΂ͬͻͼͽͪͷ͹Εͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͫͻͪ͵ͪ͵͹Β;ͪͷͪͶͭͪͷͳ΃Ͱ
Γ;ͫͪͬͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͯͰͲͰͷΓͰΒͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͪͻ΀ͪͳ΂͸͹͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ̺Ͱͻͪͳͺ͹;ͲͯͪΔͰͳ

͆Ͱͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͭ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͼͪͲͯͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͳͲͭͻͪͯͳ ͸ͳ;
ΒͰͯ͸͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͺͪ͸ͳ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ͈ͻͳͬͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͰͼͷͰͯͪͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹
ͯ͹ͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ ͪͶͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͯͰͶͪΔͰ ΒͰͻ͵ͪͯ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷͲͪͬͶͪͯͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳ
ͬ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͯͻ;ͭ͹͸Ͱͬͳͯͳ ͽ;͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͻͰ΂ͳ͋͹ͯͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͪ
ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;ΒͰ ͯͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͼͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͯ;ͭ ͳͯͪͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͯͰͶͪΔͰ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;ΒͰ ΂ͪ͵ͳͽͪͯͪ͵ͪͯͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱͷͪ ͺͪ͸ͳ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹ͯ͹͸ͰͼͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͯͰ͹ΒͰ
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͼͪͬͰͼͽͳ ͈ͻͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͰ ͭͻ;ͫͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͯ;΀ͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ;͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͷͲͫͳͻ; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸͹ͻͷ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸͹ͭͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ ΒͰͻͽͪͷ͹ͭͯͰͱͳͬͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭͼͻ΁ͪ ͱͳͬͰ ͼͪͬͰͼͽͳ ;Ͳͫͻͪͽͼ͵ͰͬͰͲͰͳ ΂ͪͼͽͪ͸
ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͸Ͱ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͫ͹ͻͳ ͺͻͳ͸;ͯ͹ͷ ͼ ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͯ͹ͷ ͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͷͰΌ;
Γ;ͯͳͷͪ ͺͪΒ͹ΒΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͯͪΒͪͼ͸͹Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͪͪͿͳͻͷͳ΃Ͱ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͬ͹Γ; ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͯͶͰͬͳΒͪͽͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ14
͆͹ ͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͽ;Όͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ
ͪͭͻͰͼ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͸Ͱͭ͹͹͸ͪ͵͹Βͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͼͽͰ͵͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰͷͰͼͽ͹͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͵ͪͯΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͬͰΕͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͷΓ;ͯͳͷͪ
͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͹͹͸ͳͷ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͷ͆ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹͎ͰͭͰͶ͹ͬ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵̓ͪͻͶͪͅͻ͵ͼͻͪͲͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ͹͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪ
ͽͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽ͹Β͸ͪ ͽͰͯͪ͸Ͱ΂ͳΒͰ ͼͽͪͻͪΔͰ ͯͪͺͻͰͬͪͻͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ;͸ͳͱͪͬͪͳ͵͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹ͷͳͽ;ΒͰ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͽ͹ΔͰͭͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͹͸͹ͭ͵͹Βͳͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ͋͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪͯͪͼͰ;Ͷͳ͵;ͼͽͻͪ΀͹
ͬͪ ͺͻͰͯ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ Ͳͫͳͬͪ ͹ͯͶͳͬ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ΀ Γ;ͯͳ ͳͲ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼͿͰͻͰ ͲͪͽͪΒ;Β; ͼͰ
ͺ͹ͻͰͲͳͳ΀ͻͰͷͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͻͰͲͰͻͬͰ ͼ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͪ
ͪͻͪͼͽͰͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰΓ;ͯͳΒͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ;ͺͪͯͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰ;Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͱͰͼͽ͹͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ Ͳͪͼͽ͹Βͳ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳͻͪΒ; ͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ ͽͪͬ͹ͻͰΔͰ ; ͪ͸ͽͳͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͫͰͲͳͲͶͪͲ;͋͹ΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͳͳͲͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͼͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
͵͹ͯͷͳͼͶͳͶͪ΃ͽͬͪͬͪΓͪͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͺͻ͹ͱͰͽͳͳͼͽ͹ͷͼ;΃ͽͳ͸͹ͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͹͸͹͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͯͪͼͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽͳͲ;ΒͰ
;͵ͳ͸;ͽ͹ͷ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹΃Ε; ͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͼͪͷͳͷ ͽͳͷ ;ͲͯͳͲͪ͸͹ ; ͼͬ͹Β ͪͿͳͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸
ͺͻ͹Ͳͳͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ– ͽ͹ͼͰͼͪͯͪͲ͸ͪͳͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰ
14
͌ͼͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔ;͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳͬͶͪͼͽͳͳͯͰͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ΃ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͅͳͶ͹Βͳ΁ͪ͑;ͽ͹ͬͳΕΒͰ
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹ ͯͪ ͳ ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰ t͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͳͷ;͸͹ ͹ͯ ͻͪͲ͹΂ͪͻͰΔͪ ͹ͯͫ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳ
Ϳͻ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰͫͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͺͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ̸Ͷͳ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͽͳͽͰͻͰͽͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔ;ͳͼ͵;ͺΓͳͬͪΔͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ;͹΂ͳͷͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͪ͵͹
͹͸ͪͺ͹ͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͳͶͳͺ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΓ;ͯͳͫͰͲ
͸ͪͯͰ ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͯͪͶͳΒͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ͯͪͼͰ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͳ
ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͪ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ; ͵͹ͻͳͼͽ ͸ͪΒ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͷ͹ͭ; ͹ͯͶ͹ͱͳͽͳ Ͳͪ ͯ;ͭ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͪͯͪͼͰͽͳͷͰ͸Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͻͪͼ΁ͰͺΓͰ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;͵͹ͷͰͫͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪ;΀ͬͪͽͳ
͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪ̓͹;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͽͻͪͱͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͯ͹ͶͳΔ;ͼͪͷ; ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ΒͰͯͪͫͳͼͶ;ͱͳ͹ ͋͹͵ͬͳͶ ͼͽͻ
i
͑;ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ43–
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͻͪΌͳͬͪΔͪͯ͹ͫͳͽ͵ͪͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪͽͳͳͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹ ͼͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻͪͬͯͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͳ ͼͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͋ͻͰͫͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͸͹ͬ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͽͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳ ͽͻͰͫͪΒͰ ͹ͼͶ;΃͵ͳͬͪͽͳ ;͸͹ͼͰΕͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͪ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰΔ;Β;ΕͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͰͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵Ͱ ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;Εͳ͸͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸͹ͬͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͷͰͽͳͽ͹ͷͰ
ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ ͪͯͪͼͰ ͽͳͷͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹͸ͪΒͪͷ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͰͳͲͻͪͫΓͳͬͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹΁ͳΓ͸͹
ͺ͹ΓͰͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽ͈ͪͻͳͼͽ͹Βͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͼͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ͸ͪͭͻͪΌ;ΒͰͼͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹΂ͪͼ͸͹ ͷͪͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳͯͪΒͰ͹͸͹ͼͪͷ͹;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͳͼͽ͹ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͻͰͽ͵͹ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳ;Ͳ͹ͻ͸͹
700
͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͶͰ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪͷ ͳ ;ͻͪͬ͸ͳͶ͹ͬ͵; ΒͰͻ ͳͲ ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ ͳ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ t͸ͪ
ͻͪͬ͸Ͱ ΂ͪͼͽͳiͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͪΌͰͼͪͷ͹ ͺ͹ͻͪͬ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵;ͳͶͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ ;͸ͳ
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͰ ͪͳͲΔͰͭͪ͹ͺͰͽͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͪΌͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳΒͪͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽͪ΃ͳ΁ͪͼͪͬͪͲͯͪͻ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͷ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵͹΀ͰͲͳΒ͹ͷ͉ͪͯ͸ͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͼͰͺ͹ͬͳΒͪ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪͻͪͽ
͸͹ͷͼͽͪΔ; ͪ͹͸͹ͼͰ͹ͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͪͼͰͫͳͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ– ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸ͳͷ͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͪͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͳ
ͽͪ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͷ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳͷͪ ͺͻͳͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͷͲͪͫͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͯͪ
͹ͯͬͻͪͽͰͺͪͱΔ;͹ͯͺͻͳͽͳͼ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͱͳͬΓͰΔͪͼͺͻͪͽͰΕͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ;ͯͪͻͳͷͪ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼ ͸Ͱ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͳͷͪ ͹͸ͳ΀ ΀ͻͰͷͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ ΃ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͷͪ ͹͸ͳ΀
͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;;ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͼͺͻͰͷ͹΃ΕͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪͷ͹ΕͳͳͶͳͬͰͲͪͷͪͼͪͪ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷͬͶͪͯͪͻͳͷͪ
͋ͪͷ͹ ͭͯͰ ͼͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻͪͼͽͳ ͼ͵;ͺΓͪΒ; ͳ ;ͼ͵ͳͺͽͰ ͽͪͷ͹ ͼ; ͳ ; ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͷͳΓͰ;
ͺ͹ͬͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪͷͻͱΔͪͳ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪ͵ͶͪΔͪΒ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͬͳͯͳ͹͸͹΂Ͱͭͪ͸Ͱͷͪ ͺͪ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͵ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͯͪͼͰͷͻͲͳͫͰͲ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ ͼͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͰͷͯͪt΂ͳͽͪͬͫͰͶͳͼͬͰͽiͫ;ͯͰ
͹ͯΔͰͭͪ͹ͯͫͻͪΔͰ͸ ͪ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͭ;ͫͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͲͪͺͻͪͬͯ;ͳͬ͹ΓͪͲͪͳͼͽͳ͸; ΒͰͻͼͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽͰͯͳͷͳ΁ͰͼͰΒͰͳ
ͻͪͼͳͺͪ ͹ͽͻ͹ͬ ͵ͶͰͬͰͽͰ
15 ̺Ͱ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳ ͼͪͬͰͼͽͳ ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵;ͼͪ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹Β ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹Β ͽͪ΂͵ͳ ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͫͰͯͳ ͸ͪͯ
Ͷͪͱͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔ; ͼͪͫͶͪͲ͸ͳ ͫͰͼͺͻͰ͵͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͼ;ΌͳͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻ;΃Ͱ ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹
ͷͰͼͽ͹Ͳͪ;Ͳͳͷͪͺͻͬ͹ͼͪͲͯͪ͸ͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͪ͹ͼ t͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͰΕͪͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒͪi
͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͬͻͪͽͳͽͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ; ;ͷ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹ ;
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͬͳͼͳͷͺͽ͹ͷͳ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸;͹͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ΂ͳΒͰͼͰͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹͹͵͹ͳͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͬ͸ͳ
͸Ͱͻͬ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͫ;ͯͳͶͳͳ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͼ͹ͫ͹ͯͻͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͭ͹͸͹ͷͳ;ͼ͸;Ͷͳͷͯ;΀͹ͷ͍Ͱ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹
Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹ ͼͪͷͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͳ;ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸ͳͷͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ͹ͬͳͷͪͫͳͬͪΒ;;ͼ͵ͻͪΕͳͬͪ͸ͳͲͪͼͬ͹Β;
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ; ͸Ͱͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪͳͷͼͰͯͪͲͪͼΒͪΒͰ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ ͵ͪ͹͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼ;ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼ; ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͰ
ͺͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͼ͸ͪͭͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͰ͸ͰͳͲͻͪͱͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵͹Βͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳ
15
̓͹ ͹͵ͻͳͬΓͪͬͪͳ͹ͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ tͼͬ͹ͭͫͶͳͱΔͰͭi ͫͪͻͰͷ ͺͻͰͷͪ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͬͰͻͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹
Ͳͪͽ͹ͫͳͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͯͪ
ͺͻͰͯ͹΂ͳͯ͹͵ͪͲͰ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰͽͰ͹ͺͽ;ͱͫͰ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΒ;̸Ͷͳ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͽ͹͸Ͱ
ͺͪͯͪ͸ͪͺͪͷͰͽ ͪͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͼͽͳ΂;ΕͳͷͼͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͼͪΌ͹͸͹ͬͳͷͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲͳͷͪͪͅͼͪΒͰͻͪͯ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͪ
ͺ͹΀ͶͰͺ͸ͪͲͪ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͻͪͯͪͯͪ͸ͪͳͬ͸͹ͺ͹ͲͯͻͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͪ. ͋͹ͼͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͽͰ͵ͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͱͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹΃Ε; ͯ͹͵ͪͲͪͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹͹ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͽͪ͵͹
ͯͰͲͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪ͸;ͷͪͼ;ͯͪͺͻͳͬͰͯͰͻͪͲ;ͷ;͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͶͳͬͻͶ͹ͼͶͪͫͪͳͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱͷ;΃ͽͪ
͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳ͸ͪͭͶͳͷͭ;ͫΓͰΔͰͷͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪ ;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪͲͶ͹͵͹ΒͰ
ͼͰ;Ͳ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͻΔͳͬͪΔͰͷ΂Ͱͼͽͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ tͯ͹ͫͻ͹ΒͰ͹͸͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͳͶͳ͹͸͹͵͹ΒͰͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹i
<͎ͰͭͰͶ fͺͻͰͬͼͽͻ>
ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ͹͸ͳͱͪͬͪ ͼͪͺͻͪͽͰΕͳͷͺ͹͸ͳͱͪͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͯͰͼͰ
;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ ͭͻͪͿͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͳtͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͬ͹i͹ͫͰͲͬͻͰΌ;Β; ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹ͬͰΕ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰ͸͹Ͳͪ
ͫͶͳͼ͵Ͱͼ;ͼͻͰͽͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹.

tͅͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͰͻͪͽͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͼͳͯͰ
ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͼͰ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸Ͱͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ͌ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͬͶͪͯͪ
Β;ΕͰͰͶͳͽͰ ͵ͶͪͼͰ
̀ͪͺͪͯͪ;ͬͰ͵ͼ;ͫͳͶͰͻͪͲͪͺͰͽͰͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ͳ΃ͪ͹;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͪ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͰͽ;ͳͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹Όͪͬͪ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳΒͳ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͰ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͪ͸͵Ͱͽͪ ͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΔͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ
ͷ͹Εͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭ΃ͺͳΒ;͸ͳͻͪΔͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ<>;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰ͸ͪͻ;΃Ͱ͸
΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͉͹ͫͰͻͽ̽̓ͪͺͶͪ͸͹ͺͳͼͪ͹ͼͬͰͽ ͼ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ΕͳͿͻͪͲ;͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͰΕͪͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒͪ ,BQMBO

i ͑;ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ103–

701
͈͹͵;΃ͪΒͳͯͪͼͰ;Ͷ͹ͬͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱͽͳ΀ͽͻͪͭͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;ͫͰͲͫ͹ͻͫͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰ
ͽ͸;΁ͻͽ;;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ͸͹ͻͷͳΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺͶͰͷͰΔͳͬͪΔͰͷ
ͻͪͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͻͳͬͪ ͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ ͺͻͪͬͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷͪ ΃ͽͪ ͯͪ ͹͸ͪ ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͪ ̀ͪͺ;΃ͽͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ
͸Ͱͷͪͻ ͽ; ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͼͪͷ͹ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ ͳ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸͹ͼͽ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ
ͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹Ϳͼ͵ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪͶͪ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵. ͌ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͼͺ͹͵͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͺ͹͵ͪ
Ͳ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͼͪ ͯ͹ͼͺͰͬͪΔͰͷ ͯ͹ ͸ͳͲͪ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ
Ͱ͸Ͱͻͭͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸͹ͷͬ͹Γ͹ͷͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͷ͸ͪ;ͼͺͰ΀Ͱ͋͹ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͫͰͲ͹ͫ͸͹
ͬͰͰͽ͹ͼͪͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ ͽΒ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͵͹Βͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͰ͸͹ͻͷͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;͹ͯ͸Ͱͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͳ΀
ͫͰͲ ΂Ͱͭͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͸ͳ Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ Ͳͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͵͹Βͳ΀ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͳͬͪΓͪͯͪͺ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͽͰͻͰͽ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͬͰͽΓͪͬͪΔͳͷͪͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͻͪͲ;ͷͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ
ͳ͸ͪ͹ͽ͵ͶͪΔͪΔͪ͹ͯͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪͼͽͳ ͸ͪͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΔͪͼ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͷͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸͹΃Ε; ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ
ΔͰͷ͹͸͹ͷ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͳͱͰͯ;΀ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͯͪ͸ͪͼͯ͹ͼ;ͽͻͪ̓ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;
͹͸ͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱͬ͹ΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͭͻͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͼ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼͬͪͺ͹ͼͻͽͪΔͪͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪͯͰ͸ͪ
͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬͪ͵ͼͬͳ΀ͬͻͼͽͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͫͰͲ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͳͺͻͪͽͰΕͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪͬͪΔͪ
ͼͬͰͼ͵;΂Ͱ͸ͰͬͻͼͽͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹;ͬͰͲͳͬͪ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼͪ;ͳͼͺͶͪͽͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳ;ͭͻͪΌͳͬͪΔͪ;ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸
ͽͪͶ͸; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͼͪͷͪ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͽͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ́ͯͰΒͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͼ͸ͪͭͰ
Ͳͪ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͼͺͪͯͪ;͵Ͷ;ͫͪ΃͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͳͶͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ̀͸ͪΔͪ ͳ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͳ ͸ͳͷͪͶ͹ Ͳͪ͸ͰͷͪͻΓͳͬ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͪ͹Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͺ͹΃ͽͰ͸͹ͷͻͪͯ; ;ͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͳͲͯͻͱΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͫͳ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹
ͼͽͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͹͸ͪΒͺͻͳͷͰͻ͵͹Βͳͫͳͳͷͪ͹ͺͻͳͶͳ͵;ͯͪ͸ͪͯͬͶͪͯͪͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ͵ͻ;ͷͰ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽͳ
͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻ͹͸͹ͼͳ ͷͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͪ ͵ͬͪͲͳͰͶͳͽͪ ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͷ ͷͪͼ͹ͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
tͼͺͶͪͬͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪi ͺ͹ͯͬͶͪ΃ΕͳͬͪΔͪͯ;΀ͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲ͸ͳͷ͵ͪͻͳΒͰͻͪͷͪ
ͼͪ ͼ;ͷΔͳͬͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͽ;ͱ͸ͳͷ ͰͺͳͶ͹Ͳͳͷͪ ͌ͲͪΒͪͷ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔͰͷ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵͸͹ͭ ͪͻͰͪͶͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͫͳΕͪ ͽΒͼͺͪΒͪΔͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͼͰ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͪ͠ͺͪ͸΁ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͭͶͰͯͪΒ; ͻͰͺ͹
ͬͪΔͪΒ;ͱ͸͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ;Ͷ͹͸ͯ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͵Ͷ;ͫ;΂ͳΒͳΒͰͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͳͲ͊ͪ;ͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ̸ͻͪͫͳΒͰ
ͽΒ͹͸ͪ
ͭͯͰ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ ͷͰ΃ͪͬͳ͸Ͱ ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪ ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͷͳͼͶͪ ͱͳͬ
ΓͰΔͪ ́ͺͪ͵ΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬ;ͯͪͼͰ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹
ͫͳͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ ͯͪͼͰͺ;ͽͰͷͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͻͪͲͬͳΒ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͻͪͯͳͼͪͷͰͽͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͼͬͰͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ;
ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͰͳͺͪ͵͸ͳΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͺͻͳͼͰͫͳ ͹͸͹ͫͳͽͳͼͰͺ͹ͽ;Ό;ΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͷͼͰͫͳ
;ͼͬ͹ͷͼ͹ͺͼͽͬ;ͳͻͪͲͯͪΒͰͲ͸ͪ͵Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ;ͼͪͷ͹ͼ͵ͻͳͬΓͰ͸͹Β͸ͰͲͻͰͶ͹ͼͽͳ ͺͪͯ͹Ͷͪ
Ͳͳͯ͹Ͷ;ͽͪΔͪͳͲͪͼͽͻͪΔͳͬͪΔͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͼͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͻͪΌͪ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͭͶ;΃ͳͬͪΔͪ͹Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͼͫͳͬͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͼͪͫͻͪ͸͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͳͼ͵͹͸ͪ
ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͼͪͷ͹ͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹ͿͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪͽͪΒͼͶ;΀ͫ;ͯͳͳͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪ
ͯͪͼͰͳͯͰ;͵͹ͻͪ͵ͼΔͳͷͰ͇͸ͪΒͰ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪͻͪͲͬͰΒͰ͸Ͱͯ͹;ͷͳ΁Ͱ͹͵͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͯͳͶͰͷͪͯͪͶͳΒͰͱͳͬ͹ͽ
Γ;ͫͪͬ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ ͽͰͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳͯͪ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸;͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ;ͼͬͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂
͵ͳͷͲͫͻ͵ͪͷͪͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͪͺͰͽͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͭͻͰͼͰ͸͵ͳ
ͳͺͻͳͬͳͯͪ ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͼͶ;΃ͪͶ͹ͭ͹ͼͫͳͬͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸͹ͼͶ;΃ͪΔͰ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͸ͰͳͲ
ͫͰͱ͸͹ ͺ͹ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ ͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹ͿͳΒͰ ;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ ͸ͪ ΁ͻͽͰ ͪ͸ͽͳͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭ ͳͶͳ ͽͰ͵ ͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸͹
702
ͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ΒͰͻΒͰͺ͹ͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳ΂͸ͳͷ͸ͪͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͪ͹ͯͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Β;ͫͳͿͳͶ͹
ͼ͹ͿͳΒͪͯͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͯͪͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹ͳͲͻͪͲͪ
̽ͪͶͳͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͪͬ͹Ͷ;ͷͳ͸͹Ͳ͸͹΃Ε;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͫ;Ͳͯͪͽͳ ͳ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳͼͰ Ͳͪͽ͹Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͳͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͬͪͼ͸ͪͭͪͲͪͺͻͳͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪΕͰ͸ͪ΃ͯͪΓͳ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵
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MPDBMBSFBT DPVME JOUFSNTPGUIBU CFGPVOEPOUIFUSBEJUJPOBMHSPVOEof national culture
BOEJOUIFTZTUFNPGFEVDBUJPO$VMUVSBMCFJOHPGUIF4FSCJBOTPDJFUZIBTQPUFOUJBMTGPSUIBU JOTQJUFPGFYQBO
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704

̸̸͈͉͇̺͊́͆͊̾͋́ͣ͠ͅ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͆ͳ΃;
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ̽Ͱͺͪͻͽͷͪ͸Ͳͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
̸̸̸͇̺͉͉͇̺̺̈́́̾͊̓́ͣ͊́ͣͅ2
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ ; ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
̸̸̸͇͉̹̓͊͌̓͋̾́̽̾͊͋́̈́́̀͏̸̸͉́̾́͆͠ͅ
̸͇͇̺͇͎͉̓͊͌́̾͋́́̾̀͌̈́͋͋́͠ͅ
̸̸̸̸͉̺͈͇͈́͊͋̿́͊͋͌̽̾͆͋͊̓̾͌̈́͢͏́̾͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͰͯͪͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͰͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͸Ͱͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;͹ͺͪ
ͱͪΔ;ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌͸ͳ
ͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͷͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;ͻͪͯ;ΒͰ;
͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͼͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͰ͸ͳͷͯͳͼͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
͵ͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͻͪΔ;͹ͯ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ΒͰ ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͵ͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͯͰͼͽͪ
ͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͳͻͪ
͈͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͬͰΕͬͳ΃Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸͹͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ
ͲͪͷͻͲ͸;ͽ͹ͭ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͢Ͱͭͪ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃; ͳ ͼͬͰ ͹ͯͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪ͸͹ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͽͻͪͽ͸͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͱͳͬͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͰ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͻͪͲ
ͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ͳͶͳ ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ %KVSJǀ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸ͪ ΒͰ
ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸ͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͺ͹ͯ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪt͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͵ͪ͵͹ͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͻ;ͽͳ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͺ͹ͻ͹ͬͪ ΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͺ
ͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔ;ͼͳͶ͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͼ;ͯͪͻͪ͹ͺͻͰ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪi %BISFOEPSG ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
1
jasminafilfak1@gmail.com
2
markovic.olivera@gmail.com
705
Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͼ;͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳͳ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳͬͳͯ͹ͬͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪ͵
ͼͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ͵͹Βͳ΂;ͬͪΒ;tͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵iͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͇͸ͳͼ;ͬͳͯΓͳͬͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹
͵ͻ͹Ͳ ;ͺ͹ͻ͸͹ ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΔͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪ ́ͬͪ͸͹ͬ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱ ͼͰͭͻͰͭͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; Ͱ͸͵Ͷͪͬͪͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
ͷͪΔͰͬͳ΃ͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΂ͳͼͽͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͵ͻ͹ͲΒͪͬ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͳ
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ ͹ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳ ͳ ͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸; ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; ͸ͪ tͷͳi ͳ
t͹͸ͳi ͹ͼ;ͯ;ͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͳͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ΂͸͹ͭͪΒͰΔͰͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ
ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͳͬͰͻͼ͵ͰͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͰ 1FUSPWJD 4VWBLPWJD ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹
ͬͳΕ ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ͊ͪͬͳΕ
͊ͬͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ;΂ͬͻ΃Ε;ΒͰͼͽͪͬͭͻͪ
Όͪ͸ͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸tͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͪi͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ
ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͽͲͬͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͯ;ͭ͹ͭͽͻͪΒͪΔͪ
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;̓ͳͅ͹ͺͳͼ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷtͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁i ͈͹ͺ͹ͬͳΕ ͪ͠͸΂ͪ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͪͻ
̀ͫ͹ͭͼͬͰͭͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ
͸͹ͭͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ͵ͪ͵ͬͪΒͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ
ͷͰΌ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ͵͹ͼ;ͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰͼ͹ͫͲͳ
ͻ͹ͷ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔ͇ͪͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ
͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳͳͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;
͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͺͻͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͳͲͰ͸͵Ͷͪͬͪ3 ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼ;;
ͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳͯͪͳͼ͵;ͼͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͼͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͽͻͰͫͪͳͷͪͽͳ͸ͪ;ͷ;
ͯͪͼͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒ;ͳͺ͹͸ͪ͵͹͸͹͵͹͸΂ͪΔͪͪ͵;ͽ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͬͪͯͬͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͪ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;ͺͻͰͷͪͶ͹ͭͳ΁ͳͫͳͬͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͪtΒͰͯ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀i ͪ͸ͰtΒͰͯ͸ͳͼͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪi͌ͼͶ͹
ͬͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;̓ͳͅ ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪΒ;ͱ͸ͳͯͰ͹͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͲͫ͹ͭtͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ
͸Ͱ͹ͼͶ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳi͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͪͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͳͯͪͼ;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͻͰͯ;͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
͋ͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳͽͳͯͪKͰ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͼͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ ͹ͯ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼ; ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪͶͳ
ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͲͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ΃ͳͻͰ;.JMBOPWJǀ
͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͈͹ͺͳΕ ̓ͻͪͭ͹ͬͳΕ
͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͻͪͲͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸;
ͬͳ΃ͰͷͰͼͽͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ̓ͻ;΃Ͱͬͪ΁ ̹Ͷͪ΁Ͱ ̺ͪͻͬͪͻͳ͸
ͺͪͻͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪͳ͸ͪ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ̓ͳͅ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ
͇ͯͶ;͵͹ͷ̺ͶͪͯͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͹ͯ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͹ͯ
͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ͼͬͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͳͬͻͪΕͪΒ;͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ̓ͳ͊ͅͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰ
ͽͪ;Ͷ͹ͱͳͶͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͰ ;ͺͻͪͬ͸;Ͳͭͻͪͯ;ͳͯͰͺͪͻ
ͽͷͪ͸Ͱ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ;͸;ͽͪͻ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷ͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
̸̸̸͇͈͉͇͇͇͇̻͉̺́̾̾͆̾͋̽̈́́́́͊͋̿́͢͢͠͠ͅͅ
͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͯͰ͹ͼ;΃ͳͻͰͭͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͷ
3
̸;ͽ͹ͻͳͼ;ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳͯͪͽͰͻͷͳ͸Ͱ͸͵Ͷͪͬͪ ͳͪ͵͹;ͬͻͰͱͰ͸;ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͭ͹ͯͪ͸ͼͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ

͈͉͇̺̾͋́ͣ ̸̸͉͇̺̺̓́ͣ͊́ͣͅ: ̓͹ͼ;ͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ ̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪ Ͳͪ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ; ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ4 ͌ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͼ; ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ ;
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͵ͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼ; ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵͹ͷ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͼͬͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ ͌Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ ΒͰ
ͻͰͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͼͪͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͼͪͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͷͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͺͻͰͷͪͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;
͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ; ͺ͹Ͷ;ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ. ́ͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͪͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪ͸ͪ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ; ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͯͬ͹Ͱͽͪͺ͸͹ͷ ͵ͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͻͰͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ ͼͪ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͷ ͼ ͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹΃Ε; ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵͹΃
͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷ;5
͈ͻͳͷͰΔͰ͸ͪΒͰͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪͪ͸͵ͰͽͳͻͪΔͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͪ͹͸ͳͲͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀
΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪͅͰΌ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͪΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͶͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ΂Ͱͼͽͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ
͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͯͪͶͳ͹͸ͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͷͳͻ ͽͰ͵͹Βͪ
͹ͯͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ
͊ͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ
ͷͰͻͰ͸ΒͰ̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͷͼ͵ͪͶ͹ͷͼͪ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ;ͻͪͼͺ͹͸;tͫͰͲ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪiͯ͹tͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪi
͌ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͺͻͰͷͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫ ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ
ͳ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͬͻ΀;΃͵ͳ ͊ͻͫͪ ͳ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͺ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫ ͽͰ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͷͰͻͰ͸ͳͼ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͺͻͰͷͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸;
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
̸͇͈͉̓̓͊͋͌̽̾͆͋́̾͏̸͈͉͚͉̻́́͌̾͌̾̈́́́͊̓͌͠͠ͅ ͆̾
̸͇͉͋̈́̾͆͏́͌͌͠
͉̹͊́́͠
͈͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕͳͬͪΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͼͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͯ;ͭ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;;͵͹ΒͰͷ
ͼ; ͼͰ ͼͷͰΔͳͬͪͶͳ ͼ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͳ ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͰ ΂ͳ͸ͳ
͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ͸ͪ΃ͳͻͰͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;̹ͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ͪ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͼ; ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͰ ͯ͹ ͳͲͻͪͱͪΒͪ ;
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ͹͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͭ
ͯͪͽ;ͷͪͺͻͳͻͪͼͽ;ͻͪΔ;͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͺ͹͹͵͹͸΂ͪΔ;ͽͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͻͪͼͺͻͪͬBͷͪ͹͵͹;ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻͪͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͼͶͳ΂
͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱͼ;ͭͶͪͼͳ΁ͪ t͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͳͯͰΒͰ ͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ ͳ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͰ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͰ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;͸ͪͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹Βͬ͹ΓͳͲͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳͷ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͪi
4
́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ; ͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺ; ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ ́́́ t̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͰͬͻ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪi
͵͹ΒͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ
ͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Β͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
5
̽ͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ;͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
707
,VCVSJǀ ͼͽͻ
͇ͽ;ͯͪͼͪͻͪͯΔͪͳͼ;ͼͻͰͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰ ͯͪͼͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͻͰͪͶ͸ͳΒͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͰͳͼͷͪΔͰ ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͳ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ
͸͹͸ͪͼͽͻͪ΀;͹ͯͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͪ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͳͼͽͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͳͼͽ͹
͌ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰͼͽͰͲͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷ΁ͳ ͳͲ΂ͳΒͳ΀ΕͰͼͰͻͰͯ͹ͬͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͽͳͫ;ͯ;ΕͪͰͶͳͽͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͹ͺͪͱͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ
ͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭ
͈͹ͽͻͪͭͪͲͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͪΒͰ͹ͯ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͪͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹;΂ͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Βͪ
ͬͪ ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͊;ͯͰΕͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷͪ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͳ΀ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪ͸Ͱͽͻ
ͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ΂Ͱͼͽͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͸ͰͯͰͶͳͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͳ΂ͪ͵ͼͬͪ͵ͳͺͰͽͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺͻ͹
΁Ͱ͸ͳΔͰ͸;;΂ͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽ
̀ͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;
; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳͳ ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ; ; ͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͳͼ; ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͳͽͳͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ
̺ͳͼ͹͵;ͯͰ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͪ͹ͫͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ΂Ͱͼͽͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͼ;ͯ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ ͯͰ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͽͳ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͸ͪ͵͹͸
;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ ͪͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ ͺͻͰ͵͹
͵͹ΒͰͭͼͰͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹ͽͻͪͱͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͽͰ΃͵͹ΕͰ ͬͰΕ͵ͪ͹EJGGFSFOUJBTQFDJGJDB ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ
ͯͻ;ͭͰ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ 7VLPNBOPWJǀ
͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒ͹ͼͽ ͼͰ ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ;̸ͽͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪΒͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͼͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͹ͬͪͶͰ;ͻͪͽ͹
ͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;΂Ͱͼͽͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͷͰΌ;͹ͬͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͪ͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͳͻͪͽ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫΒ͹΃ΒͰͼͬͰͱ;ͼͰΕͪΔ;

70

50
40 ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̓ͅ
30 ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻
22

20
10
0
͆Ͱ ̽ͪ ͆ͰͲ͸ͪͷ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ̽ͪͶͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͬͪ΃Ͱͷͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ΂Ͱͼͽͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲ;

F2
</>4JH

̓ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽͳͲ;ΒͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͶͳͬͰͻͼ͵ͪ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳ
ͬ͹ͼͽ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͷͳͻ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͱͳͬͰͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪK; ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;΂ͳͽͪͬͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͺ;
Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;ͼͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪΔͰ͹ͯͯͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ
ͼ͵ͪ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͷͳͻ
ͼͬͪ͵ͳͺͰͽͳ͸Ͱͷͪͼͽͪͬ ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͺͳͽͪΔ;
ͯ͹͵ ͼͬͰͭͪ
1͸Ͱͬͳͯͳ;ͷͰΌ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͽͻͬͰΔͳͷͪ͹͵ͳͯͪ΂Ͳͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻͪ̓ͪͯͪͼͰͽͰͼͽͳͻͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͼͪ̓ͳͅͳͳͲ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ;͹΂ͪͬͪͼͰͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ
͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ – ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ; ; Β;ͱ͸͹Β ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹
΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͪͷͳͻͪ F2
[/>4JH $SBNFST
7
͇ͬͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͼͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺͻͳͺͳͼͪͽͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͼͪ̓ͳͅͱͳͬͰ͸ͪ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹Β͹Β ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ;
̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͳͪ͵͹ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ ͸Ͱ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ; ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͷ ͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹
ͽͻͰͫͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͭͻ;ͺͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͽͻͳͫͪͶͳͲͪͷͳ
Ͱͽ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͲͪͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͶͳ͸ͳΒͪ
ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͫͶͳͱͪ ͵ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳ
ͬ͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͪ ͽͻͰ͸ͯ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ
ͳͼͶͪͷͳͲͷͪ
ΒͰͼͽͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ΕͰͫͳͽͳͻͰ΂ͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷ͸Ͱ
ͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭ͸;ͽͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͶͪͲ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ͋͹ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳΕͳ͊ͽͪ͸͹ΒͰͬͳΕ
ͯͪͼͰͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͪͻͪ΃
ͽͪΒͳͳͲ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͻͰͭͻ;ͽ;Β;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͳͫ;ͯ;ΕͪͰͶͳͽͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;Β;;͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳͷ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͼ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁͹ͷ ͳͪ͵͹ ; ;͵;ͺ͸͹Β ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ
ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͳͷͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰΌ; ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳͶͳ Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͰ ͳͶͳ Β͹΃
;ͬͰ͵ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ; ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹͸ͰͼͪͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͷͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͷ ͽΒ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͷ

70 57

50
30 ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻

20
10
0
͌ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͷͳͻ ͆Ͱ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪ ͆Ͱͷͪͼͽͪͬ
ͷͳͻ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͶͳ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͷͳͻ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͱͳͬͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹
ͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲ;
709
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͪ͹ͬͪͯͬͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ͵͹ΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ͸ͪΒ
ͬͰΕͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;ͼͰͫͳͽ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ́ΒͰͯ͸ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͬͰͻͼ͵;ͪͼ͹΁ͳ
Βͪ΁ͳΒ;͵͹Βͪͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͹ͫͪͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪͺͻͰ͵͹

͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͺͻͳͺͳͼͪͽͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β
ͺ͹Ͳͪͯͳ͸ͳ– ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͽ͵ͪ͸͸ͪͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ
͸ͪ ͺͻͳͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔ; ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͹ͯ tΒͪͻͷͪi ͹ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͌ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔ; ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͸ͪͶͪͲͪ
͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͬͪͱ͸ͪ͸ͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀
ͭͻ;ͺͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ͸ͳͲͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͪ͵ͪͽͪͳͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪͶͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ
ͲͪΔͳ΀ ΃ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͽ;ͬͰͻͼ͵;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;͹ͺͪͱͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͽΔ;ͷͳͻ;͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ
͸ͳΒͰͲͪ͸ͰͷͪͻΓͳͬ͹͸ͳͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͯͰ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳͱͳͬͳ;͹ͫͶͪ
ͼͽͳ͊ͪ͸Θͪ͵ͪ ͭͯͰͼ;ͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳͳ͸΁ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͲͫ͹ͭͯ͹͸Ͱ͵ͶͰͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ;͸;ͽͪͻ
ͼͪͷͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ .BLTJNPWJǀ #BLPWJǀ #BLSBǁFWJǀ #JTFSLP

́ͺͪ͵ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͸ͰͭͪΒͰͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͰ
ͺͻͰͷ̹ͪ͹΃Δͪ΁ͳͷͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ͵͹ΒͳͫͳͼͰͷ͹ͭͶͳͷͪͻ͵ͳͻͪͽͳ
͵ͪ͹ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͷ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪ ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ͊ͪͬͳΕ

͆ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ΂Ͱͽͻ͸ͪͰͼͽͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ ͳͲ ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸; ΁ͻ͵ͬ;
ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͪͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪ;ͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ
΁ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͬͪ͵ͳͺͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͉ͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵;΁ͻ͵ͬ;ͬͳͯͳ
͵ͪ͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͰͭͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽ͹ͻͪͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻͬͰΔͪ ͬͳͯͰͽͳͭͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸
͐Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸ͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͺͪ͵ͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͯΔͪ΂ͳ ;ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΔ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ͌ͽͬͻ
ΌͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ7

͆Ͱ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͼͬͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹
͆ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ

͈ͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱw ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻
4
͉ͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͪ
͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̓ͅ

́ͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ
7
͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͪ

̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̽ͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͪͿͻͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ
ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺ͹ͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ
͸ͪͶͪͲ;
7
F2
</>4JH $SBNFShT7
710
̸̸̸͉̹̓͋̾́̽̾͊͋́̈́́̀͏̸̸͉͇͇̺͇͎́̾́͆̓͊͌́̾͋́́͠͠ͅͅ
̓ͻ΀͵ͳͷͳͻ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪͺ͹ͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͫͳͶͳ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͭͪ͹ͲͫͳΓ
͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͻ;΃Ͱ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ
ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͬ͹ͯͰ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͸Ͱ ͯͪΒͰ ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸Ͱ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ
͆ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͷͪͼͬͪ͵Ͱͻ;͸ͯͰͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͵͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͰͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ͹ͫͰΒ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͋ͪ͵ͬͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ͯͱͳͽͰΓͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͺ͹ͯ
ͭͻͰͬͪ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ ͸ͪͻ;΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹Β; ͼͬͪ͵ͪ ͹ͯ ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͶͪͱͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ;ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;̓͹ͯͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͯͪͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͳͲ͸ͰͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͳ͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͳ΀Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;;
ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͻͪͼ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͳͲͷͰΌ;͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͭ;ͱͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͪͬͪ
;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬͳ΁ͳ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͭͻͰͬͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͳ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͳͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͵͹Βͪ΃ͪΓͰͪͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͼ;͌ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͳͬͯͰ͹ͳͪ;ͽ͹
͸͹ͷ͸ͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ ͪ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͶ͹ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔ; ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͹ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͽͲ̹ͬͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ
͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ
͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒ͈ͪ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ
͸Ͱ
ͬͶͪͼͽͳ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͷͰΌ;ͻͰͽ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰ
ͭͻͳͼͪ͸Ͱ;ͽͲͬ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͽ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ͸ͪΒͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͰͱͳͬͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
͵͹ΒͪΒͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͷͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͷͪ͵ͽ͹ͷ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͹ͬ͹ͭ;͸ͳͬͰͻ
ͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ; ;ͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳͯͪ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͻͰͺͰͻ͵;ͼͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪ ̓ͻͪͭ͹ͬͳΕ
͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ ͹ͯͫͳΒͪΒ; ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ ͽͲͬ ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͌ ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Β ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͼͰ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͬͪͱ͸ͳͷ ͳͼͺͳͽͪͽͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͪ΁ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͷͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͷͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͪͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽ
ͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͼͪ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ; ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀
ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;;ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͇΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪͼ;ͯͪΕͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͽͳͳͲΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱͳͼ͵ͪͲͪͽͳͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͬͰΕ;͹ͼͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭ;͵͹Β;;ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔ;
ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͶͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ
͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
̓ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͺͻ͹΁ͰΔ;Β; ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪͷͳͻͪ;Β;ͱ͸͹Βͼͻͺͼ͵͹Βͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ;͹΂ͳͽͳͯͪͼͰͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͼͪ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪ͹΁ͰΔ;Β;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͵ͪ͹Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰͷͳͻͪ F2
[/>4JH $SBNFST7
͆ͪͳͷͰ ΂ͪ͵ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͪͼͪ̓ͳͅͳ
ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ ͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵͹ ͷͪΔͳ ;ͯͰ͹ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͵͹ͶͰͭͪ ͼͪ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻ͈ͪ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪ
ͽͪͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
ͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀͵͹ͶͰͭͪ
711
ͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
ͽͪΒ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒΒͰͷͪͶͳ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪΒ;ͭͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼ;͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͳ
͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͬͪ͸ͪ
Ͱͼͽͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
ͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͳ
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪ;ͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ
͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻ͉ͪͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳ
ͻͪΔͪ ͸ͳͼ;ͽͪ͵͹ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ͇ͬͪΒ͸ͪͶͪͲ͵͹ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͳͻͪͼͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ
ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹Βͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ̻Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹
͹͸ͯͪͷ;ͼͰͯ͹ͯͰΓ;Β;ͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷ
ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͪ͹͸ͳͷͭͯͰͽͳΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͹͸ͯͪͼͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͫͶͳͱͳ ͽ͹ͼͰ
ͼͽͻͪ΀ ͳ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳ Βͪ΂Ͱ ͳͼ͵ͪͲ;Β; ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ͊ͪͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ

͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͹ͫͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳͼͽͰ
ͺͰ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ;͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͳͼͺ͹ΓͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯΒͰͫͰͲ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
ͼͬͰͭͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̓ͅͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͲͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱ͌ͯͰ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͪ
͹ͫͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪͼͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͻͪͼͽͰͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;͹͸ͯ͹ͼͰͱͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͬ͹ͽͻͰΕͳ͸
ͼ͵ͳͳͲ͸͹ͼͲͪͼͽͪͬͯͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ;Β;ͱ͸͹Β
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Βͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͬͳͯͰͽͳͽͪͫͰͶ;

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͺ͹ͼͷͪ

ͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͸;
͊ͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ

ͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̓ͅ ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻ ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̓ͅ ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻
ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓́ͅ
̹ͰͲ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ
͊ͷͪͶͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ
͊ͻͰͯΔͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
̺Ͱ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
Ȓ 100 100 100 100
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ

͹ͫͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͌ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͺͪͱͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͵ͪ͹ ͷͪͶͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͺͻͳͺͳͼ;ΒͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͳͶͳͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͆͹ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰ
ͯ͹͸Ͱ͵ͶͰ ͷͰΔͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͺ͹͸;ͯͳ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸; ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻͪ͋ͪͯͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͵͹ͻͳͭ;Β;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͳͲ͸ͰͼͰ͸Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ

F2
</>4JH $SBNFShT7
712
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺ;ͽͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͫͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΃;;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ͹͵͹;ͷͰ
ͻͰ͸ͳΒͰͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͺͪͽͪ͵͹͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ;ͯͰ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͹͵͹ΒͰͯ͸ͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱ
ͷͳͼͶͰͯͪ͹ͫͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͼͺ͹Γͪ
ͬͪΒ;ͼͻͰͯΔͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͵ͪ͹ͷͪͶͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͹ͫͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳ
ͽͰͽͪ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͭ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͹ͫͪ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺͻ͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͲΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱͳ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;͉ͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱͼ;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪΔͰ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͪͶͳͼ;ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͽͪͽͳ
ͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ F2
[/>4JH $SBNFST7
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
͸͹ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͳͲͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͳͼ;ͺͻͳͺͳͼͳͬͪΔ;ͬͰΕͰͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͫͰΒ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
;͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͷͳͻͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͶͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹ͶͰͭͰͼΒ;ͭͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳͭͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸

40
35

30
25
20
͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̓ͅ
15
͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻
10
5
0
̹ͰͲ ͊ͷͪͶͳͷ ͊ͻͰͯΔͳ ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳ ̺Ͱ͹ͷͪ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͬͰͶͳ͵
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͇΁Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ
͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲ;
͇͵͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͰͶͳͽͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͰΕͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰΌ;ͳͼͺͳͽͳ
ͬͪ͸ͳͷͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͼͪ͹ͫͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͪͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ͊ͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ̓ͳͅ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸Ͱͭ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹ͶͰͭͰͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͬͻ΀͸Ͱͷͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ ͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷ
ͪͶͳΒͰͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪ
ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹͸ͳ΀ ͵͹Βͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
Ͳͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻͪͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β;΂ͰͶ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͷͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷ
́;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ͵ͰͷͰΌ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͪͶͳ͹͸Ͱ͸ͰͺͻͰͶͪͲͰ͹͵ͬͳͻͰ͹ͯ͹͵͹΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ ͬͳͯͰͽͳͽͪͫͰͶ;

͋ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͼͰ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪΒ;;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻ͸͹ͭͼ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͹ͫͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪͺͻͳͺͳͼ;Β;Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹
ͬͰΕͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Βͬͻ΀;΃͵ͳ ͫͪ΃͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͺͻͳͺͳͼͪͶͳͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;́
͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺ;ͽͪͼ;ͳͲͻͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͳ;ͽ͹ͷͽͻͰ͸ͯ;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;͆ͪͳͷͰ ͹ͬͳ΀
713
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͺͻͳͺͳͼ;ΒͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵ ͳ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͬͻ΀; ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ Ͳͪ
;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻͪ ͹ͯ΂Ͱͭͪ΂ͪ͵ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͽͪΒͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵͢ͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹ͶͰͭͰ
ͼΒ;ͭͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼ;;ͷͰͻͰ͸ͳΒͰ;ͽ͹Β͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͸͹ͳͺͪ͵ ͵͹ͯͺͻͰ͵͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͰΔͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳ΂͸͹;ͬͰͻͰΔͰ– ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳͷͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰ
ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͬͳͯͰͽͳͽͪͫͰͶ;
͇ͬ͹ͭͺ;ͽͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͲͯͬͪͺ͹ͯ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪΒͰ
ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ F2
[/>4JH $SBNFST7
.
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ
ͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͸;
͊ͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͬͻ΀͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͬͻ΀͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀

ͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ
ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓́ͅ ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̓ͅ ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻ ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̓ͅ ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻
̹ͰͲ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ
͊ͷͪͶͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ
͊ͻͰͯΔͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
̺Ͱ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
Ȓ 100 100 100 100
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪ͹ͫͰΒ;͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͳ
ͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͯͪΒ;͹ͯͷͰͻͰ͸ͳΒͰͳͲΒͪͬͰ ͫͪ΃͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ
Ͳͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻͪ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;t͹ͫͳ΂͸ͳ΀iͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͇ͫ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͰͶͳͽͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ΒͰ ͹΁ͰΔͰ͸ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͻͰͯΔͳ ͬͰͶͳ͵ ͳ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼ;ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͳͯͪ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͽͪΒ;ͽͳ
΁ͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͶͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵́ͺͪ͵ ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ9
9
F2
</>4JH $SBNFShT7
714
34
35

30
25
20
15 13 ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̓ͅ
͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻
10
5
0
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͇΁Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲ;
͇ͯ ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ tͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͳͽͪΔͪi ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͷͰΌ;

͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;Ͷͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͰͲͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲͪ͸ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ; ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔ; ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Β
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͺͪͳ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͼ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͪͺ͹ͼ
ͶͰͯΔͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͳ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͹ ͼͺ͹ͻ͸ͳͷ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͼ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͸ͪ ̓ͳͅ ͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͇ͽ;ͯͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ ΒͰ ͼͽͪͬ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ
͌ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪͯͬͰΒ;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ F2

17.05[/>4JH $SBNFST7
͋ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͪ;;ͯͰͶ;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ– ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͪͼͪ̓ͳͅͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀͵͹ͶͰͭͪͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
͈ͻͰͷͯͪΒͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹Β͹ͺ΁ͳΒͳ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸Ͱͭ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹ͶͰͭͰ͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;;ͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ΁ͳ
͹΁ͰΔ;Β;ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͷͪͶͳ ͼͻͰͯΔͳ ͬͰͶͳ͵ ͳͶͳͭͪ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͰͭͳͻͪΒ; ͬͳͯͰͽͳͭͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸

715

50
40


20 ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ̹̻

10
0
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͇΁Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͷͪͷͰͼͽ;ͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΔͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲ;
͈ͻͰͷͯͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Βͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ͽ͹

ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͳͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲ;Β;ͷͳͻ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͳͲͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͪ
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͷ͹ͯͪ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼͰͽͪ͵ͬͪtͲͪͼͶ;ͭͪiͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͳͺͳ
ͼͪͽͳͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷ̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ
ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ
͌͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹
ͻͳͷͪͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͳ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ
͇ͯͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ̾͌̈́̾̓͊ ͼͪ ͍͇͉̓ͼͪ ͳͶͳ̸͇͆͋

ͪͅΔͳ ͯͰ͹ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͺͻͳͺͳͼ;ΒͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͬͳͷ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳͷ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͸ͪ
̓ͳͅ
͇ͬͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼ;͵͹ͷͺͪͽͳͫͳͶ͸ͳͼͪͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͷͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪͳͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹Β
ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͼ͵͹Βͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͪͺͻͰͷͪ΂ͳΒͳͷ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷͪͼ;ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͳ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͳ;ͳͲͻͪ
Ͳͳͽ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳͷ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ 1FUSPWJD 4VWBLPWJD ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͊ͪͬͳΕ

***
͈ͻͰͷͯͪΒͰ;͹΂Ͱ͸͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺͻͳͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͰͬͰΕͰͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͬͻ΀ͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ;ͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͪͬͳ΃ͳͷͼ͵͹
ͻ͹ͬͳͷͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͰͺͻͰͷ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪͳͬͳ΃ͳͷͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͬͳͷͪͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͰͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳ
ͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͳ ͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵Ͱ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͪ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͷͰΌ;͹ͬͳͷͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͪͷͪ́ͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͬͰͲͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͬͰͻ
ͼ͵Ͱ ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͳͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ͬͰͻͼ͵; ͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ

̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͉̀̓͌͐͆̀͋͢͡ͅ
͈ͻͰͷͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͳͪ͵͹ͱͳͬͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̓ͅͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ͳͷͪΒ;ͼͶͳ΂͸Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ
͋ͪ͵͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͹ͫͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪͫͰͲͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪΒͰͺ͹Βͪͬͪ
͸ͰͽͻͺͰΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͷͪ΂Ͱͼͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͷͳͻ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͻ;ͭͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͇ͬͪΒ͸ͪͶͪͲΒͰͯ͹͸Ͱ͵ͶͰ;ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷͪͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ͼ; ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ ͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͳͼͽͰ
͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸΁ͳͷͪͳ͉;ͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ
̓ͪͯͪ ͼ; ; ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͽͳ΂; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ; ͳ ͺ͹
ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪͷͳͻ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ͳͼ͵ͪͲ;Β;͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ
ͼ;ͯ ͺͪ ; ͬͰΕ͹Β ͷͰͻͳ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ; ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰ ͯͪ ͹ͫͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΒ; ͷͳͻ ͯ͹͵ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͳͲ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱͷ͸͹ͭ͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪ
ͬͪͷͳͻ
͌͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒ;ͷͳͻͪ;͈͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͹ͫͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ͸Ͱͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ͵Ͱ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹͵͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻ΀̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͺͪ
ͼ;ͽͪ͵͹ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ̓ͳͅ;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹;ͷͰͻͰ͸ͳΒͳ͹͵͹͹΁Ͱ͸ͰͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͭͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰ͹ͺͻͰ
ͯͰΓ;Β;ΕͳͲͪ͹ͺ΁ͳΒ;;ͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͭͳͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͯ͹͵Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹ͶͰͭͰͼͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;
Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹;΂ͰͼͽͪͶͳΒͰͫͳͻͪΒ;͹ͺ΁ͳΒ;tͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵;ͽͳ΁ͪΒí͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽͪ͸ΒͰͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͯͪͼ;ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͳ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͽͲͬͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ
͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̓ͳͅ ͸Ͱͭ͹Ͷͳ΃ͽ͹ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͵͹ͶͰͭͰͳͲΒ;ͱ͸Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͪ
Βͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͺͪ͵͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͰͭͳͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ
̻Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͪͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ;ͺͰͻ
΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳ ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͳͻͪ ; Β;ͱ͸͹Β ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ ͷͰΌ; ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ
͵͹Βͳͼͽ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪ̓ͳͅͳ;ͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ΁ͳ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͼ;ͯͰΕͳͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷͪ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͪͰͶͳͽͪΒͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹;
ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͪͶͳͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
ͳͬͪͱͰΕ;͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸;ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͯͪΒͰ̓ͳͅͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ
͸ͳͯͰ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺͪͼ;ͼͽ͹ͭͪ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͭͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͻͰͯͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹
͹ͺͪͱͰ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ΂ͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼ; ͽ͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪΒ
΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͶͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ̽ͻ;ͭͳ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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ͅͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;;ͼͬͰͽͶ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ
;̹͚̽͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ̽͋͹ͯ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻ
̓ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͳͻͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ
͵ͪ͸; ͼͽͻ–
͆ͳ΃͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻ
ͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͆ͳ΃;
,VCVSJǀ ;
7FSTLF[BKFEOJDFV4SCJKJJWFSTLBEJTUBODB/PWJ4BE$&*3
̓ͻͪͭ͹ͬͳΕ ̹
͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͷͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪͲͪͼͽͪͽ;ͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ;͌
͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͠ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻ ͳ ͺͻͳͻ
͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͸ͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ
ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
.BLTJNPWJǀ ;
/PWJ 1B[BS QPEFMKFO HSBE 1SFTT PO MJOF J[EBOKF ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹ ͸ͪ
IUUQXXXQSFTTPOMJOFSTTWFUCBMLBOOPWJpazarQPEFMKFOHSBEIUNM
ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ͊ͪͬͳΕ ͇
̾ͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺͳͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͳ;
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ͹ͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ;͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈͠Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻͳͺͻͳͻ
͊ͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ–

.JMBOPWJǀ 7
6OJWFS[JUFUV1SJØUJOJVNSFßJWFMJ͵PBMCBOT͵FTUSBUFHJKF1SJØUJOB+FEJOTUWPBeP
HSBE,VMUVSB
͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͠
ͅͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͺͻͳͲͷ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ
΂͵Ͱͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ ;͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ ͵Δͳͭͪ
ͼͽͻ–
͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͠ ͈͹ͺͳΕ ͊ ̓ͻͪͭ͹ͬͳΕ ̹
̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ; ;̹͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻͳͭͶ
;ͻ
͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ– ͼͽͻ142–
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽ
ͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ
΁ͳ
͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͠
͇ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹
;Ͳ͹ͻ͵; ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ;ͳͽͰͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
;͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈͠Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻͳͺͻͳͻ
͊ͽ;
ͯͰ͸ͽͳ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͳͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ–


͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͠ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͌
͉ͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͪ ͳ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ; ̀
ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ̿ ͚;ͻͳΕ ͺͻͳͻ
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ –
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
1FUSPWJD + 4VWBLPWJD 6
t8FuBOEt0UIFSTu– 4UFSFPUZQFBUUJUVEFTPGTFSCJBOTUVEFOUZPVUI
̺Ͱͼͽ͸ͳ͵͉͌̽͆ ͼͰͻͳΊ͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ΢–
1PQPWJǀ 4 +BOǁB % 1FUSPWBS 5
,PTPWTLJ ǁWPS ESFØJUJ JMJTFǀJ *[WFØUBK OF[BWJTOF LPNJTJKF
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQQFTDBOJLOFUXQDPOUFOU1%'4SEKBLPTPWTLJDWPSESFTJUJJMJTFDJQEG
5PNBOPWJǀ 4 4UBOPKFWJǀ %
.MBEJV4SCJKJ4UBOKB PQBßBOKB WFSPWBOKBJOBEBOKB#FP
HSBE'SJFESJDI&CFSU4UJGUVOH 4F$PO4
7VLPNBOPWJǀ .
)PNPWJBUPSSFMJHJKBJOPWPEPCB #FPHSBE ƀJHPKBØUBNQB
͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͌ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͠
̾ͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ;
Ͷ͹͸ͭͳͽ;ͯͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻͰͼͰ͵;͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷͳͼͪ͹ WPM

͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈͌Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͠
̾ͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͼͰͬͰͻ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͳ;
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͌ ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽͳ ͸ͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ; ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͌͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈͠Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ <;ͻͳͺͻͳͻ> ͼͽͻ–̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁͍ͪͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ
ͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
+"4.*/" 4. 1&5307*ſ
0-*7&3" 4. ."3,07*ſ 4"7*ſ
8)0"3&5)&"$50340'5)&%&45"#*-*;"5*0/
0'1&"$&*/,04070"/%.&50)*+"
5)&3&46-540'"3&4&"3$)0/5)&456%&/51016-"5*0/

SUMMARY
"TTVNJOHUIBUUIFFYQPTVSFUPQPUFOUJBMBOEBDUVBMQPMJUJDBMDPOGMJDUTQSPEVDFTEJGGFSFODFTJOUIFQFS
ception of SFMJHJPVTBOEFUIOJD JO
UPMFSBODF BOEJOUIFQFSDFQUJPOPGUIFBDUPSTPGQPUFOUJBMDPOGMJDUTPOUIF
UFSSJUPSZ UIFBUUJUVEFTPGTUVEFOUTPGUIF6OJWFSTJUZJO,PTPWTLB.JUSPWJDBBOEUIFTUVEFOUTPGUIF6OJWFSTJUZ
PG#FMHSBEFXFSFFYBNJOFESFHBSEJOHUIFQSFTFODFPGSFMJHJPVTJOUPMFSBODFJO4FSCJBBOEUIFBDUPSTPGUIF
EFTUBCJMJ[BUJPO PG QFBDF JO,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB"MTP UIFBTTPDJBUJPO PG UIPTFBUUJUVEFTXJUINBOJGFTUFE
EJTQPTJUJPOTUPXBSEDPOGFTTJPOBMBOEFUIOJDEJTUBODJOHGSPNUIFDPOTUJUVFOUSFMJHJPVTBOEFUIOJDHSPVQTJO
,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKBXBTUFTUFEJOUIFQBQFSJODPNQBSBUJWFQFSTQFDUJWF5IFSFTFBSDIXBTDPOEVDUFEPOB
RVPUBTBNQMFPGSFTQPOEFOUTJO/PWFNCFS
KEYWORDS: 4FSCJB ,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB TUVEFOUT SFMJHJPVT JO
UPMFSBODF BDUPSTPGUIFEFTUBCJMJ[BUJPO
of peace.
719

327:172.4
̸͉̺͇͈͉͇̺̽́̾͊̾͋́ͣ͠1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ͌͸ͳ͹͸t͆ͳ͵͹Ͷͪ͋ͰͼͶͪi ͍ͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͲͪͼͺ͹ͻͽ
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ

,͇͍͆̈́́,͋,̸̸͇͇̈́͆́̈́͆̾́͆͠͏̸͇́͆̈́͆̾
̸̺̻͇̹͊̾͊͋́͌̈́̈́́̀͌ͅ–̾̽́͊͠ͅ,̸͈́͊̾,͋
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ̀ͪͯͪͽͪ͵͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰ ͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ Ϳ͹͵;ͼͳͻͪ͸ͪ;΂ͳ͸ͪ͵ͻͪͲͻͪΌͰ

͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼ;ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͲͪͷͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹;
ͯͪͬ͸͹͸ͪΒͪͬΓͳͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͪΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ̽͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͷͰͯͳΒͪͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ͸͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͼͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͬͻͽ͹ͷ͸ͪͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸͹ͬͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͭͶͪͼͳͶͪͺͻͰͷͪ
ͼͽͻ͹ͭͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͭͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͹ͼͬͰͽͶͳͶͳ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳ
͎Ͱͻͷͪ͸ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;΃ͽͻͫ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ
̀ͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸;ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵;͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒ;;͵͹Β͹ΒΕͰ͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͳͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪͬ͹ͶͰ
ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͽͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͼͳͶ͹ͷͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳ͸;ͯͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͭͰ͸Ͱͽͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͵͹ΒͪΕͰ;ͫͻͲ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͳͯͪͽͻ;ΒͰͯͰͷ͹ͼ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͰͷͳ͸ͿͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ
ͽ͹ͻ; ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͳͯͰΒͰ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪ ͻͪ΂;͸ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͬͰ ͿͪͲͰ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪΒͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΃
ͽͬ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͰͳ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͺͳͻͪΔ͈ͪͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ
ͺͻͰ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪ΃;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ; ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸͹ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪͼͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹
͸ͪͽͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͷͪ͋͹ͷͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ
͸͹ͼͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͷΔͰΔͪͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;͵ͪ͸ͪͶͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪͫͰͲͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͬͻ΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷ΁ͳΓ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͻ;ͱͰΔ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͺͻͰͲͳͻͪΔ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹
ͽͳͲͷͪͳͼͰΕͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͬͰͼͽͯͪΒͰͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰͽͪ;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳͅ͹ͱͰͶͳͽͪ͵ͪͬͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͯͪͺ͹ͫͰͯͳ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳ ͭͯͰΒͰͷͪ͸ͳͺ;
Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂Ͱ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͹ͽ;ͺͰͶ͹
ͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ;ͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪͷͰͼͽ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪͳͬ͹ΓͳͲͪͷ͹Ε
K͉͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͭͰ͸Ͱͽͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͪ
ͭͪ͸ͯͪ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͼͬͰͼͽͳ
1
SBEJWPKF.petrovic@ZBIPP.com
720
̸͉̺͇͈͉͇̺̽́̾͊̾͋́ͣ͠: ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ;– ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ
̺͇͌̽
͊ͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͯͻͰͯt΂ͰͽͳͻͳΒͪ΀ͪ΂ͪͪͺ͹͵ͪͶͳͺͼͰi͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹̹ͭ;͸ͯͰͼͽͪͭͪ ͺͻͰͯͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͯͻ̸͸ͯͻͰͪ
ͼ͹ͷ͑͹͵Ͱ͸΀͹Ϳ͹ͷ ͯ͹͸Ͱ͹ΒͰ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;Ͷͽͳͷͪͽ;ͷͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ;͹tͺͻ͹
ͷͰ͸ͳͼͬͰͼͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi ͺ͹͸;ͯ;ͳͲͫ͹ͭͪͽ͹ͭ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͯͪΒͰͯͪ͸
ͷͪͶͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͷͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͼͬͰͼͽ ͬͰΕͷ͹ͻͪͯͪt͸ͪ;΂ͳͯͪ
ͬ͹Ͷͳͳͺ͹΃ͽ;ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ;ͫͳ΁Ͱi ͉ͰΓͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͳͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͯͪ͸ͪͷ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͳͲͪͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͺ͹ͭͶͪͬΓͪ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͲͪ;ͶͪͲͪ͵;;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸;
̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͫ;ͯͰ ͳ t͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͭͶͪͬͰ ͳ ͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͼͽͳi ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷ;
ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ tͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱͳͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͻͫͪiͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͼͪͷͶͰͬͰ͸ͳ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͭ͹͸ͳͷͪ͸͹ͬͰ
ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ͋ͻͰͫͪͶͳͳͺ͹ͷͳΔͪͽͳͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ;ͬͻͼͽ;͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͰͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪ
͸ͳΒͰͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͪ΂ͪ͵͸ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͳͽͳ;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͸͹ͬͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͹ͼͬͻ͸;͹͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͰͯͳΒ ͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;Β;Εͳ
΁ͳ͸ͳ΂͸; ͺ͹΀ͬͪͶ; ͽͬ͹ͻͪ΁ͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͭ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͹ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͷ ͬͶͪͯͪΔ; ͳ
ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͷ– ͺ͹ͯͪ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ;
͊́͊͋̾͊ͅ,̸̸͈͉͉͇́͊͋͊͆͊͋
͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹ ͺͻͰͷͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͶ;͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͸͹ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;ͶͳͼͪͶͳ ͆͹ͪͷ ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͳ ̾ͯͬͪͻͯ ͎Ͱͻͷͪ͸ ͻͰ΂ ΒͰ ͹ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵͹Β ͺͻͳͼͽͻͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ΂ͳΒͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸Ͱ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͷͪͱ; ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔ; ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪ ͵ͬ͹
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͹ͼͽͪΒ;;ͼ͵ͻͪΕͰ͸ͳͲͪ͹͸;ͫͳͽ͸;ͬͻͼͽ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪͳ΀ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ
Ͳͪ͸ͳͷͪ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͻͳͷͪͷͰͯͳΒͪ̽͹͵ͶͰͳͯͰͽͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͊ͳ̾͸̾͸ͪ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰt;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͻͰͯͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͫͳͶͪ ͳͽ͹͹ͯ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷͬ͹Β͸ͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ;ΔͰ͸͹ΒͭͶͪͬ͸͹Β͵ͪ͸΁ͰͶͪͻͳΒͳ ͇ͯͰΓͰΔ;
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵ͰͲͪͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ́;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ͹͸ͪ͵ͬͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼ;
ͫͳͶͳ ͹͸ͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ΃͹;;ͻͰͱͳΒͳ͏̸́ͳ͈Ͱ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͪi .FZTTBO
͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͳΒͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͲͪͽͪ͵ͪͬͻͪͲͬ͹Βͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪΒͰͼͽͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺͪͻͪͷͰ
ͽͪͻͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͷͰͯͳΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͳ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ΒͰͼ;
͑ͽͪ ͽ͹ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͊ͬͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͰ ͳ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ; ͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͅͰͯͳΒͳͼ;;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ
ͷͪ ͪͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͼͰͬͰΕ;ͺ͹ͬ͹Β; ͳͼ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳͲΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͶͳͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͋͹ͷͰ
͸ͪͻ;͵;ͳͯ;ͽͲͬͿͳͶͽͰͻͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͼͬͪ͵ͪͬͰͼͽͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͸ͪͯͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͳͬͪ΂ͪ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳͺͻͳͽͳͼ΁ͳͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͪ͸ͽͳ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͪͷ ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͻͪͽͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͳͶͳ;͸ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͯ͹ͫͪ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͻͪ΀͹͉ͯ;ͼͳΒͰ͆ͪͽͪΒ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͬͰͼͽͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸ – ͺ͹ͯ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ tͼͬͰͽͰi
Ͳͪͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͯͪΒͰͬͻ΀͹ͬ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͳͶͳͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ– ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺ͹ͽ
ͻ͹΃ͪ΂ ͼͪ ͺ͹΀ͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͷ ͳͶ;ͲͳΒ͹ͷ ͯͪ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͫͳͻͪ ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ΂ͳΒͪ ͼ; ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂͵ͪ
721
ͼ͸ͪͭͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ΃ͳͻͳͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͼͽ Βͪͬ͸͹ͷΔͰΔͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃ͰͼͳͬͳͶ͹ͷ ;Ͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹Βͪ΂ͪΔͰͷ͹Εͳ ͺͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ;ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ΒͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͬ͹ΒͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬͳͳͲͻͪͲ– ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪtͅͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ
Ͳͪͷͻͪͼͽͪͷ͹Εͳ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹͹͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ
ͭͻ;ͺͳͳͶͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͻͰ΂i &MMVM ͼͽͻ

͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͳ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͳͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͼ;;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;ͯͪ
͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͯͰ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ
ͬͰΕͳͲͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͻ;΂;Β;ͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸΃͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͫͪͲͳ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͫ;ΘͰͽͪͲͪ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪ
ͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͼͬͰͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͰ͈͉ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ;ͼͬͰͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͳΒͰͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͺͳͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ
ͽͬͪ ͳͶͳͼͰͻͬͳͻͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͰͼͽͪͫͶͳ΃ͷͰ͸ͽͳΔͳͷͪͫͶͳͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;͸ͪͯ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͫ;ΘͰͽ͹ͷ͇ͯ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ΂ͳΒͳͫͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽ͹ͳͫͶͪͭ͹ͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ
t,͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ;ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͷͰͻ͸͹ͷͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷ;ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͽͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵͹;ͬͰͻͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͰ
ͫͳ ͫͳͶ͹ ͸ͪ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹Β ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ ;ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͋ͪΒ ͼͽͻͪ΃͸ͳ ͻͪͼ͵͹ͻͪ͵ ͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͺͻͰ
ͬͳͼ͹͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΂ͰͶͪͳ ͺͻͰ
ͺͻͳͲͰͷ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͳͯͰͪͶͳͼͽ͹ͺͳͺͻͰͯͳ΃΂Ͱ
͵ͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͸ͪΒͪͷ͸ͳ͸Ͱ ; ͬͳͼͳ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͰ ͻͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΒͰ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͹ͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͯͪ ͼ ͽͳͷ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷ͹ͷ
͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ;ͻͰͯ;i ͉ͰΓͳΕ ͼͽͻ
,ͪͯͪΒͰtͼͬͰͽͪ͵ͻͪͬͪiͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪͺ͹΂ͰͶͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ
ͬͻ΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͫ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͪͳ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͼͿͰͻͳ ͫͳͶͪΒͰͽ͹Ͷͪͫ;ͯ͹ͬͪͺͰͼͷͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͪ
t͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͰ;– ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳ
Ͳͪͷi ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͬͳͯ͹͸ͪͭ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ͹̸͸ͻͳ̈́ͰͿͰͬͻΒ͹΃ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͇ͽ;ͯͪ͸Ͱ΂;ͯͳ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;͸ͪ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͰͯͳΒͰͭͶͰͯͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͫͰͲ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͪ΃ͽ͹
ΒͰ ; ͼ͵͹ͻͪ΃Δͳͷ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͳͷͪ t͹ͯ ͼͬͳ΀ ͫ͹ͷͫͳ ͳ ͻͪ͵Ͱͽͪ Ͳͪ ͈Ͱ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ Βͪ΂ͳ ͫͳ͹ ͼͽͻ͹Β ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͷͰͯͳΒͪi %J.BHHJP ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͼͰ t; Βͪͬ͸͹ ͷΔͰΔͰ ͺͻͰͫͪ΁;Β;
ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳͼͬͪ͵ͳͯͪ͸ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳΒͪͼ͸Ͱ ͪͳͲͪ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͳ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͳ ͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͰͻͳ ;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼͪͷͰ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰi
%J.BHHJP ͼͽͻ

̸͉̺́͆̽͌͊͋́͊̾͊͋́͠
̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳ ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ ͽ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͶͪ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ; ΒͰͼͽͰ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ 99
ͬͰ͵ͪ ̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ t́͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͼͽͪΔͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͯ;΀ͪ ,͹ ΒͰ ͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻ ͪ ͵͹
ͼͶ;ͭͪ͸ͰͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͼͰͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͱͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͹ͷ Ϳͪͫͻͳ͵ͪͷͪͳ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͷ ͸Ͱͭ͹͵͹
ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͱͰͼͬͰ΃Ε;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀i ̾ODFTCFSHFS ͼͽͻ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͼͬͰͼͽͳΒͰͷ͹Ε͸ͪ͵͹ͻ
ͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͬ͹Βͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ– ΂ͳͽͪͶͪ΂͵;ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;t͈ͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͼ;ͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΓ;ͯͳ
ͫͪ΃͵ͪ͹ͳΓ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳͺͳ΃;Ͳͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ Γ;ͯͳ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͭͪ͵͹Βͳͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͅͰΌ;
ΔͳͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰͷ͹ͽͻͳͼͽͻ;ΒͰͺͻͬͪΒͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͲͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼͪΒͪͬ͸͹΃Ε; ͯͻ;ͭͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹Ͳ͹ͬͰͷ͹
Βͪͬ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͳ ͽͻͰΕͪ ͼͽͻ;Βͪ ΒͰ ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͹͸ͪΒ ͯͰ͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ;͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ
ͫͪͬͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪi $IPNTLZ ͼͽͻ–

722
͌ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳͼͰ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͳͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳ
͵͹ΒͪͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷΔͰ͸͹ͭͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͽͬ͹ͻ΁ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪͅ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͿͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͰ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷ͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪ
t͋ͪ͸͹ͬͪ͵ͶͪͼͪͳͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͪ͵̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͪ͵ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͪ
͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵; ͰͶͳͽ; ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͰ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ͵Ͱ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͶͳͯͰͻͰͳͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵Ͱi %F4P[B4BOUPT ͼͽͻ
͌ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͹ͭͻͪ
͸ͪ͵ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒ; ͼͺͪͯͪΒ;ͷͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹
ͻͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ #FDker BOE 4LMBS ͼͽͻ

̾Ͷͳͽͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͪͳͲ;ͭͶͪͱͻͽ
ͬͰ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪ;ͺͰͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͪtͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͰͳͲ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͪͳ̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ͪ Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ
͸ͳ Ͳͪ ͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ; ͳͶͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͪͷͫͪͼͪͯ͹ͻͳ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͲͪͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͰͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ
͍ͅͅ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪ ͫͪ͸͵ͪ ͇͊͋
ͳ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒ; ͷͳͼͳ͹͸ͪͻͳ ͷͰͼ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻ;ͱ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
͹ͺͼͶ;ͱ;Β;ΕͰ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͪͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͰͶͳͽͪi ̸͸ͽ͹͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯ͸;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪͽͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹΃ͽͪΓ;ͯͳͻͪͯͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ΃ͽͪ
ͷͳͼͶͰ ͻͰͭͻ;ͽͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͶ;ͱͫͳ; ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͳͼͬͰͼͽͳͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ;͹ͺͻ͹ͫͪ͸͹Β
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ tͺͻͰͽΔ; ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵; ;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͽͳ ͸ͪ ͳͲͬ͹ͻ; ͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ ͽͪ͵ͪͬ ͹͵ͬͳͻ ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸͹ͭ
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸;͸;ͽͪͻͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͯͪ͹ͬͪ͵͹;͹͵
ͬͳͻͰ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͰΒͪ΂ͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͺͻͰΕ;ͽ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͬͰͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸Ͱi $IPNTLZ

͋ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͸ͪ Βͪͬ͸͹Β ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ ͼͳͷ;Ͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͪ tΒͪͼͽͻͰͫ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͭ͹Ͷ;ͫ͹ͬͪi ΂ͳͷͰ ͼͰ
tͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ΂ͬͻ΃ΕͰ ͳ ͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ
ͷͳͼͶͳΒͰ΃ͽ͹ͯͻͱͰͯͪͼͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱͽ͹ͶͰͻͳ΃; ΂ͪ͵ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;– ΃ͽ͹ͳΒͰͼͽͰͽͪ͵͹͵͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ
ͳͭͻͪΒ; ͺ͹ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪi $IPNTLZ ͼͽͻ
͏ͳΓΒͰͯͪͼͰ ;ͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬ͹Βͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ
ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;ͳͯͰΒͰͳͲͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͽΒͯͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ;ͬͰ͵ͫ;ͯͰ;͸;ͽͪͻ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ
͋ͪΒ ͺ͹΀͹ͯ ͻͪͯͳ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ; ͹͵;ͺͳͻͪ͸͹Β ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͳͷͪ ͼͬ͹Β; Βͪͼ͸;
Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵;ͳͻͰͯtͯͳͼ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͺ
ͻͳ͸Ͱͽͳ͵ͻͳͲͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͪͺͪͻͪͽͪͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͺ͹΁Ͱͺͪͽͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͽͳ
ͼͬͰ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͰ ͺ͹ͽ͵;ͺͳͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸;ͰͶͳͽ;ͳͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪ
ͽͳ ͬͻͶͳ͸Ͱ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼͽ ͺͻͰͷͪ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͳͲ͹ͫͳΓ; ͲͪͻͪͲͳͽͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͺ͹ͻ͹΁ͳͷͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺͻ;ͱͳͽͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͷͰͻͳ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰͻͪͲͪͻͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͳͻͪΌͪ
ͺͪͻͪͲͳͽͳͲͪͷ ̀ͪͺͪͯ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪͽͳ ͻͰͺ;ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸Ͱ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͼͺͪͼͳ͹΁ͪi ̀ͳ͸͹ͬΒͰͬ ͼͽͻ
͊
͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰ;͹΂ͳͽͳͽͻͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͪͺͻͪͬ΁ͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ
΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͷ͹ΕͳͯͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͷͻͪͲͬͶͪ΃ΕͳͬͪΔ;
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͪͺͪͻͪͽͪ ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͯͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͰͱͳͷͪ
ͳͶͳͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ;Ͷ͹ͭͰͬͶͪͯͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͪͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶͬͻ΃ͰΔͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͼͬͶͪͯͳ
͸ͳͷ ͺͪͻͪͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳͷ ͳ ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳͷ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͰ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ ͪͺͪͻͪͽ ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹
723
ͼͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭ;͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͻͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ;ͼͬͰ
ͬͰΕͰͷͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͺ͹ͽͻͪ͸
ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪ +FTTPQ

͐ͳͽͪͬͪͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͹ͼͶͪΔͪͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽtͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸
͵ͪiͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͻ͹ͯ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͸ͳ͵̺ͪ͹ͶͽͰͻͪ̈́ͳͺͷͪ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹͵Γ;
΂͸; ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ; ͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͰ ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͹ tͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͶͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;
ͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸͵ͪi ͽΒͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔͪͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸͵ͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͰ ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰ
ΌͰ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͽͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;͹ͯͫͳΒͪͶͪ͋ͳͷͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪtͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹
ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ ͹͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͷͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͼͬ͹Βͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͷ
ͼͰͼͷͰ΃Ͱͼ̺ͪ͋Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ͪ ΂ͳΒͰͶͪͱͳͳ͹ͯͷͪͲͯͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹;ͶͪͲͰ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͰͳ΂ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͻͰ΂ͳ
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͽͻ;Β; ͯ͹͵ͷͳͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ͯͪͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸ͳͳͲͯͻͪͬͳͼͰͯͰΕͳ;;ͯ͹ͫ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͼ
Ͷ͹Δͪ΂ͪͷͪ ; ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;Εͳ ̺͋ ͼͶ;΃ͪΒ;Εͳ ͻͪͯͳ͹ ΂ͳͽͪΒ;Εͳ ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͳͶͳ ͼͰͯͰΕͳ
ͳͼͺͻͰͯͼͬ͹ͭ͵͹ͷͺΒ;ͽͰͻͪ̈́ͳͺͷͪ͸Γ;ͯͰͽΒͬͰͶͳ͵;ͬͰΕͳ͸;͵͹Βͪ͸ͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳ
ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ͲͪͫͶ;ͯͰͶ͹ ͵ͻͯ͹i $IPNTLZ ͼͽͻ –
̀ͪ ͺ͹ͭ͹͸ ͈͉ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ;͸;ͽͪͻ
ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͺͻͰ͹͵;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼͪ͹͸͹ͷͼͽͪͻ͹ͷ̈́ͪͼͬͰͶ͹ͬ͹ͷͽͰͲ͹ͷͺͻͰ
ͷͪ͵͹Β͹ΒtͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͪͬͪͯͪͼͰ΂;ΒͰͭͶͪͼΓ;ͯͳ ͪͶͳΒͰͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ΁ͪͯͪ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͽͪΒ ͭͶͪͼ ͳͷͪ͹ ͺͰ΂ͪͽ ͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͵;ͻͼͪi ́Ͷͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͽ͹ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳ ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ tͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ ΒͰ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳͳͼͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͳ͸ͪͼͳΓͰͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻͳͲͷ;̸ͺͪͻͪͽͲͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ;ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;
͵͹Βͳͳ͸͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͳͻͪͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͳͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵;ͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒ;
ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ΒͰ͹ͯ ͺͻ͹ͿͳΔͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼ ͰͿͰ͵ͽ͸͹ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪͯͪ ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ ͯͪ
͸ͪ;΂ͳͷ͹ͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷ͹ͼͬͰͽ;͵͹ΒͰͷͱͳͬͳͷ͹i ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ

͊ͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͹ͬͪ͵͹͵͹͸΁ͳͺͳͻͪ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͼͽͳͼͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͺͻ͹
ͿͳͶͳͼͪ͸͹ͷ͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͹ͷ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳͯͪΒͰ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͻͰ΂͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ
͸͹ͷͬͳͯ;͸Ͱ͹ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺ͹ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪͬͪΔͪ ͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͶͳͷͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶ
ͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͬͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪ ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͹͵ͳͬͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͳ
;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽ
͌ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͪ ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ ͼͰΒͰ ͼͰ ͼͰͷͰ tͭͰ͸Ͱͽͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰi ͉ͰΓͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪͼͺ͹Γͪ ͺ͹ͯ;ͺͳͻͰͼͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ
͸ͳͷͷͰͻͪͷͪͳ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰ͵ͻͳΒͰͳͲͪͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷ;ͶͰͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹tͳͯͰΒͳ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͪͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳi͊ͽͬͪͻͪͼͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ;͵͹ΒͰͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
Ͷ͹΃ͪ ͳͷͳͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͪ ; ͵͹Β͹Β ΒͰ ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ΕͰ
;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ͺͳͻͪΔͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ΒͰ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͪͷͫͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͫͳΓͰͺͪͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺ͹͵͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͷ͹Ε͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ t͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪͬͪΔ;i ͉ͰΓͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͋ͪΒ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͷͪ;ͼͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͷͲͪͯͪͽ͵;Ͱ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸;ͷͳͼͳΒ;t΁ͳͬͳͶͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔͪͳͲͻͪͫΓͳͬͪΔͪi )PGCBVFS ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ͵ͻͳͲ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΒͰͻt͵͹ͯͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ͺ͹ͷͰͽΔ;ͳͲͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽ ͪͺͻͪΕͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
724
ͼͽͻͪ΀ͪ͹ͯͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ<>̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹Εͳͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹Βͪ΂ͪΔͪͫͰͲͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͳ
͸͹ͻͷͳ ͹ͫͰͼ΀ͻͪͫͻ;ΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Ε;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹͵͹͸Ϳ;ͲͳΒͰͳ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͻͰ΂Β; ͺ͹ΒͪͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͬͰ
ͽͪͶͳ΃Ͱ͸ΒͰͼͰͶͿͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰ ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͽͶ͹i ̹͹ͱͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
534–

͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪtͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͺͶ;ͻͪ
ͶͳͲͪͷͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͳi ͵ͪ͵͹ͽ͹͸ͪͲͳ͉ͬͪͰΓͳΕ,ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͯͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͯͰͷ͹
͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͻͽ;ͻͪ ͪͯͪ͹͸ͳͽ͹ͭͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͬͰͼ͸ͳ ͆ͰͲͪ͸Ͱ
ͷͪͻ;Β;Εͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͷͰͯͳΒͪ;ͼͬͰͷ;ͽ͹ͷͰ ͯͰ͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰ͸ͪΕͳ;tͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸ͳ΃͹͵ͪi
͈ͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ tͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͬͻͰͷͰ΀ͳͫͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ ͳͲͬͰͼ
ͽͪ͸ͬͳͯ΃͹͵ͪͳͶͳͺͪͻͪͶͳͲͰ ͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸͹ͭͽͻͪ;ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͳͶͳͼ;ͫͽͻͪ;ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͰͻͪͲͪͻͪ
ͼͬͰͽͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽ; ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͳͷͪΔͰͼͪͷ͹ͭͼͰͫͰ;͸;ͽͪͻͽ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ͋͹͵͹ͷͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓͪ
ͳͲͬ͹ͻΒͰ͸ͰͳͲͷͰͻ͸͹ͺͻͳΒͰͷ΂ͳͬͳΒͳͲͪͼ;ͭͰͼͽͳΒͰ ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳΒͳͯͪͼͰͺ͹͵͹ͻͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͫͳͽ͹
ͫͳ͹ͽͻͰ͸;ͽͪ͵ͺͻͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͽ͹ͭ΃͹͵ͪi ,MFJO ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͶͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͪ tͷ͸͹ͭ͹ΒͰͶͪ͵΃Ͱͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸̸ͪ͊̽͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͼ;;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ ΃͹͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͺͻͪͲ͸ͰͺͶ͹΂Ͱ ͺ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ ͽͪͯͪ΃Δͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ;Ͳ
ͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͭͶͪͯͪͳͼͺͳͼ;ΒͰͼͬ͹Β;ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͫͰͲΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͭ;΂Ͱ΃Εͪ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͹Ͷ͹ͬ͵ͪ
͵͹Β;ΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͪͫͳͶͪΒͰ͹͸ͪͲͬͪ͸ͪͷͪͼͷͰͯͳΒͳ͌ͽͻͰ͸;΁ͳͷͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͬͻͶ͹Ͷͪ͵͹
ͺ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͯͪ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͻͪͯͰ ͼͬ͹Β ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ ͳ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͰ ΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻͳͬ͹ͷ
ͫͻ͹Β;Γ;ͯͳͫͳͶ͹Βͪͼ͸͹ͯͪͼ;͹͸ͳͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͰ͸ͪͻ;͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͳͼͪ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵; ͹͸͹ͷ΃ͽ͹͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪ ͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ͸ͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵;ͳ
ͳ͸ͯͳͬ;ͯ;ͪͶ͸;͸Ͱͷ͹Ε ;Ͳͺ;͸ͪ;ͼͽͪ΀ͳͺ͹͵ͻͳͲͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪi 4QBIJǀ
ͼͽͻ
͆ͳΒͰͶͳͼͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͺ͹͸͹ͬͳͶͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰtͅͳͶ͹ͼͻͯ͸͹ͭͪ͸ΌͰͶͪiͳ
ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ΂ͰͭͪΒͰ;ͯ;ͭ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͫͳ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͽͪ͸ͼͳ͸
ͯͻ͹ͷͺͻͳΒͰͷ΂ͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͬͰͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͰͳͼ;ͭͰͼͽͳΒͰͯ͹Β;΂Ͱͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ͪͭͻͰͼ͹ͻͪͳ;͹΂Γͳͬ͹͸ͰͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͸ͪ͸ͪ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹͹ͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪͺͰͻΒͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪtͷͳͶ͹ͼͻͯ͸ͰͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰi
̸̸̻͈͉͇͈̻͊̈́͌̾͆̽̾
͊ͬͰͽ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͫͳͽͪ͸͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪͼͬͰͼͽͳͳͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳ͵ͪ͵͹;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͭͳ;ͺͪͻͪͷͺͪͻ΂ͪͯͻͪͲͫͳΒͰ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͷͪͺ͹ΒͰ
ͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳ΂ͳͽͪͬͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͭͻͪͯͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳͼͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵
΁ͳΒͪͷͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͪ;͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͭͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪΒͰͼͽͰ
ͽ͹΃ͽ͹tͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪͫ͹ΓͰͯͰͶ;ΒͰͷͰΌ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͪͯ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ΕͰͯ͹ͺͻͰͽͳͬͳ΃Ͱͺͻ͹ͺͪ
ͭͪ͸ͯͰ ΒͰͻͬͳ΃Ͱ΂ͳͽͪΒ;͹͸ͳͼ;ͪͭͰ͸ͽͳͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ͷ;ͬͰͻ;Β;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹
ͬͪ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳΒͰͯͰ͹ͰͶͳͽͰ ͹͸ͳͯͰͶͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͳͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ΒͰͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͪͅͼ͹ͬ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸Ͱ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ ; ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ; ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹
ͳͭͻͪͲͪͰͶͳͽ;i $IPNTLZ ͼͽͻ–

725
ͅͰͯͳΒͳͳΓ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͯͰ;ͽ͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ;ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͳͲͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼ
Βͪͬ͸͹΃Ε; ͳͷͪΒ;Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͹͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ tͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͬͪΒ;
ͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸͵͹ͷi͇͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ͷͰͯͳΒͰͳͶͳΔͳͷͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
ΓͪΒ;;Ͳͪ͸ͰͶͳͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͵ͻ;ͭ ͵͹ΒͳͯͰͶͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͪͬͳΌͰΔͪͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͯͪͫ;ͯ;
;ͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ ͺͪͺͻͳͼͽͪΒ;͸ͪͶͪͭͪΔͰͳͼͶ;ͱͰΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͳ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͪͺͪͻͪͽͪͲͪͯͰͲͳ͸
Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͅͰͯͳΒͳ ͼ; ͼͶ;ͭͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͰ ͳ Ͳͪ ΔͰ͸ ͻͪ΂;͸ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β; ͲͪͺͪͱͪΔͪ ͫͳͻͪΒ; ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ
Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳ΃; ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ ͼͬͰ ͽ͹ ; ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼͪ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ͉;͵͹ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ ͽͳͷ ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪ ͐͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰ ͷͰͯͳΒͰ ; ͯͬͰ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͲͪͫͪͬΓͪΔͰͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳt͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͬͪΔͰͯͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ΌͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹
ͯ͹ͼͷͰ΃͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͼ;ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔ;;Βͪͬ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳi ͳͰͶͳͽ͸Ͱ ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͶ͹
Β; ͵͹ΒͳͰͷͳͽ;Β;ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͸Ͱͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰ t͵ͪ͹ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͳ͸ͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ͷ͹Εͳi $IPNTLZ
ͼͽͻ

͋ͳͷͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ;ͼͺͰ΃ͪ͸ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ Ͳͪͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͷͪͼͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ Ͳͪ
͹ͯͬͻͪΕͪΔͰ ͺͪͱΔͰ ͇͸ ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͰ ͹ͯ ͼͺ͹ͻͽͪ ͯ͹ ΀;ͷ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͰͷͳͼͳΒͪ ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ Ͳͪͫͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΕͰ ͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͽͳ ͸ͪͻ͵͹ͽͳ΂͵; ͯͳͼͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒ; ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͪ ͼͬͰ ͼͪ ΁ͳΓͰͷ
ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͪΓ;ͯͳ ;ͯͪΓͪͬͪΔͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͺͪͼͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂ͪ͊ͽͪͯ͹
ͳ͸ͪͯͪΓͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͲͫ;ΔͰ͸͹ ͯ͹͵ΕͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͽͳ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͪͶͪͽͲͪͲͪͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ; ͺͻͪͬ΁;ΔͰ͸͹ͭ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ
ͻͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ;͵ͳͯͪΔͰͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͻ;΃ͰΔͰͳͼͪͽͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͲͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽͳͳͻͳͭͳͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬͳͲͷͪ͊ͬͰͼͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͻͪͯͳͼ
͵͹͸ͪ΂͸ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ͵͹Βͳͷͪ͸ͳΒͰ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ– Ͱ͵ͼ͵͹ͷ;
͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΒ;ͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͱ;͵ͪ͹Ͷ͹΃ͺͻͳͷͰͻ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͼͶͰͯͳͽͳ
t͉ͪͲͪͻͪΔͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͳͶͳͺͻͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ͸Ͱ΂ͳΒͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳͼ͵;
ͼͽͬ͹ ͼͪ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ΒͰ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͳ ͸ͪΒͼͪͫͶͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ΀
ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͳ͸͹ͭ99ͬͰ͵ͪi )PCTCBVN ͼͽͻ
͋ͳͷͰͼͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹;ͼͪͷ͹ΒΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ΒͳͼͬͰͼͽͳ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵ͳͯͪΒ;ͬͰͲͰͼͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹΃Ε;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͱͳͬͰ͊Ͷͳ΂͸ͪͺͻͳ΂ͪΒͰͳͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪͷͪ ͸ͪ ͺ;ͽ; ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͈ͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭͪͬͪ ͼͰ
ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͯͪͼ;ͼͰ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͬͳ΃ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͼ͵͹Βͼͪͽͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͳ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͳͲͫ͹ͭ΂ͳΔͰ
͸ͳ΁ͰͯͪΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪtͯͪ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ͺ;ͽͰͬͰ͵͹Βͳͬ͹ͯͰͺͼͳ΀ͳ΂͵͹ΒͲͻͰͶ͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͸ͰͽͰ͵ͺ͹ͽͳͼ
͸;ͽͰ ͱͰΓͰͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͵ͻͳͬͳ΁Ͱi ̾͸΁ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͯͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ ͹ͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ ΒͰ ͹ͼͬͻ͸;ͽͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͵Γ;΂͸͹ͷ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ
ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͷͳͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͷͷͳͽ;– ,͹ͼ͹ͬ;t͈Ͱ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ΃ͰͷͰͯͳΒͰ;ͼͬ͹ΒͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͫ͵ͪ͹
ͯͰ͹ͫ͹ͻͫͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͪ͸͹̸͇ͬͪ͆͋ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͽ͹Δͳ΀ͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
Β;ͻͳͶͳ<>ͯͪͫͳͯͪͶͳͭͶͪͼͽ͹ͷͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬ; ͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͳ͹͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͼͪͻͪͯ
͸ͳ΁ͳ ͽͪΒ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ;ͱͫͳ ̸͇͆͋ͪi ͊ͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ; ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ ;ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΃ͽ͹
tͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͪ ͼͪ ͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸; ͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͰͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͻͪͯͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ ΃ͺͳΒ;͸ͳ ͬͰΕ
ͳͷͪͷ͹ ͷͰͯͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β; ; ͫ͹ͻͫͳ ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰͽͪ͸ ͼͬ͹Β ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ ͸ͪ ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΔͰ
ͪͻͷͳΒͳi .FZTTBO
.

̽͹ͫͪͻͯͰ͹͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͽ͹͵͹ͷͻͪͼͺͪͯͪͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͍͉͊͠
90ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͳ ͼ;ͯͪ͸ͪͼͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ̺ͳͻ;ͼ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͻͰͽ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ͹ͫͳ΃ͪ͹͵͹Βͳ
ͷͰͯͳΒ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔ;,͹ͼ͹ͬͪ Βͪͼ͸;ͼͶͳ͵;͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͬͰͼͽͳ͆ͪΒ
͵ͻͪΕͰͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ tͺͻͰͯͪΒͪ ͹ͯͼͽ͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰΒͰ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ͸ͪͻͰ΂ͳͷͪͯͪͼͰͽͪ͵͹A͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹
ͬͻͪͽͳͶͪ ͸ͪ ,͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͰͱͰͷ͹ ͹ͯ ͷͻͽͬͳ΀ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪ ΒͪͬΓͪΒ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͯ͹ͫ͹΃ͪͻͳ
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ͷ͹ͱͰͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪͽͳͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͪ ͱͳͬͪͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͪͱͪ͹Βͪͯ;ͳ΂ͰͷͰͻ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͰ͸͵Ͷͪ
ͬͪͷͪ͸ͪ,͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͉Ͱ΂ͳͽΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͻͰͺ͹ͻͽͪͱͰΒͰͯ͸ͰͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻ͵Ͱͼͪ͊ͳ΁ͳ
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ͻͰͼ͸͹ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰΔͰ͹ͪͺͪͻͽ΀ͰΒͯ; ;ͼͻ΁;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͪͯͪͭͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰ͸Ͱ͹͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͷͰΒ͸ͼͽͻͳͷ
ͷͰͯͳΒ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
̽;΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ͹ͬͯͰ͸ͰͲͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͽͻͪͭͳ΂͸ͳͺͶͰͼ͊ͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ ͸ͪ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪ ͳͶͳ ͸ͪ ;ͯͪͻ͸Ͱ ͉̺͋ ͸ͪΒͪͬͰ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ ͷͪͻͽͪ ͯͪΒͰ ͼͻͪͷ͸;
ͼͶͳ͵; ͹ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͺͻͰͷͪ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͳ ̸͇͆͋ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ ͱͻͽͬͪͷͪ ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ
́ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͼͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ͹ͯͬͪͱͳͶͳͯͪͽͰ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰtͅͳͶ͹ͼͻͯ͸͹ͭͪ͸ΌͰͶͪi ͺ͹ͺͳ΃;
΃ͽͪͼ;͸ͪͷ͹ͬͳ;ͻͪͯͳͶͳͳͲͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͭ;ͻͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͼ;͸ͰͳͲͶͰ΂ͳͬͰͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳ ͹ͽͻ͹ͬͰͳͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
͸ͪΒͭ͹ͻͰͬͻͼͽͰ ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͼͰ;͸ͪΒ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪͽͳ͸ͳͼͶ͹ͬ͹
͈͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪͺͻͳ΂ͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͽͪͶͪͼ;ΒͰ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ΀Ͱͻ͹Βͳͷͪͳͱͻͽͬͪͷͪ;ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͳ΀ ͹΂ͳΒ͹Β
ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͷͳͼͶͳ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͺͳ΃Ͱ͋Ͱ͵͸Ͱ͵ͳt͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳi ͱ;ͻ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͳͲͶͰͽ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͳͶͪ͸ͪ,͹΃ͪͻͪͷͪ ͳͶͳͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͰͼͻͰΕ;ͯͪͼͰͳͲ
ͽͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͬͻͪͽͰ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ΃ͽͪͼͰͼͬͰ ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;͵ͻͳΒͰͳͲͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ
ͻͰͽ;΃ͳͻͪ͸ͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ ΒͰ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ͳͼͪ ͺͳͼͪΔͰͷ ͹ͻ;΃ͰΔ;͸ͰͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͭ ͍ͳ
ͺͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔ;͹ͬͯͪ΃ΔͰͭtͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪͻͪͯ͹ͬͪi ͸ͰͫͳͶͳͼͰ ΃ͽ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͼ͵ͶͪΔͪΔͰͷ ΃ͽ͹
͸ͰͺͳͼͪΔͰͷ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ ;ͷͳͶ͹ͼͽͳͬͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹;̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸;ͳͶͳ̹ͻͳͼͰͶ;
͆ͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳ͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹Β͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ
;͸ͳ΃ͽͰΔͪͳͷͪ;Ϳ͹͵;ͼ;ͳ– ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ͼͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰ͵ͻͳΒͰͳ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͲͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ;
ͺͻͬ͹Β ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪΔͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͹ͯ ̺ͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ͳͷͪͶͪ ͷͶͪ͵; ͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ; ͺͻ͹ͼͶͪͬ; ͠Ͱͻ
tͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͪ͵;ͺΓͰ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳͳ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͰͳͺͻͪ͵ͼ;͵͹ΒͰͼ;ʮͳͲͯͻͱͪͶͰͳͼͺͳͽ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͲͪͽ͹ͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯ;͹΂;ͬͪ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀ͳͫ;ͯ;Εͳ΀ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒ̺ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰΒͰ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪΒ;ΕͳΓ;ͯͳͷͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ
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. ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͼ; ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯ
ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͭ ͯͰͶͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͰͶͳͽͰ ͸ͪΒͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳΒͳ ͳ ͸ͪΒͭͶͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ ; ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ; ͯͪ ͸ͪͷ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸; ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ
ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͸ͪͷͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͻͼ;͹͸Ͱ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ ͺ͹ͷͰͻͳͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͺ͹
͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ ͊Ͱͽͳͷ͹ͼͰͼͪͷ͹͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰΒͰͼͬͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱtͽ͹ͺͶͰͲͰ΂ͰͬͰi ͺͻ͹΃Ͷͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ
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ͷͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͳͻͪΒ;ͼͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹΃Ε;i &MMVM ͼͽͻ
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͈ͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪͼͽͬͪͻͪ;ͼͪͷΓͰ͸;ͭ͹ͷͳͶ;ͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͭ͹ͯͪ͸Ͳͪͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͵͹Βͳ
ͼͰͬͻͶ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ͹ͱͰ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳͽͳ͹ͯͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪͷͪͼͳ ͵͹Βͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁;ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;Ͳͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͼ;
ΌͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͲͪͳͲͫ͹ͻ͹ͷͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹͹͸ͽͰͱͳΒͪͼ͸͹ΒͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͇͸ΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͼͳͷͳͶͳͻͪ͸
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ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͉ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
. ͋ͳͷͰ ͼͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ ; ͵͹ͷͰ ͼͰ ͯͳ͵ͽͳͻͪ ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͲͪ͸ͪΒ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͷͪͼͰͳͶͪͭͪ͸͹ͺͻͰ;Ͳͳͷͪ ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪ
͸ͪͯͰͷ͹΁ͳΒͪͷͪ,ͪ͸ͪͶͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪͶͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼ;ͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ΒͰͷͪΔͳͫͻ͹ΒΓ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳ
ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ; ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͭͪͺͪͼͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͳͷͪΒ; ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ;ͪ͵΁ͳΒ;ΒͰͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ΒͰͫͰͲͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;ΒͰ;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͋͹ΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸ͪ
ͼͶͳ͵ͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
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5IFBJNPGUIJTQBQFSJTUPGPDVT POUIFCBTJTPGHMPCBMJTN POUIFJNQBDUPGEFWFMPQFEUFDIOPMPHZPG
UIFJOEVTUSZPGDPOTDJPVTOFTT XIJDIJOUSPEVDFTVTUPUIFUPUBMJUBSJBOQMVSBMJTNPGQSPQBHBOEB JOTUFBEPGUIF
MPOHIFSBMEFETUBUFPGEFNPDSBUJDQMVSBMJTNPGJOGPSNBUJPO.FEJBDPOUSJCVUJPOUPUIFQSPDFTT XIJDIJT
JOIFSFOUUPDPMPOJBMJTN XJUITQFDJBMFNQIBTJTPOUIF4FSCJBONFEJBEJTDJQMJOFVOEFSUIFTUSJDUSVMFTPGBE
WFSUJTJOHNFEJBNPEFM UIFPSFUJDBMMZGSBNFECZ$IPNTLZBOE)FSNBO JTDFOUSBMUPJOUFSQSFUJOHUIFFNFS
HFODFBOEEPNJOBODFPGDPMPOJBMWTOBUJPOBMDPOTDJPVTOFTT
'PSUIFDPNQMFYQTZDIPMPHJDBMPQFSBUJPOJOXIJDIUIFXJEFTUMFWFMTPGQPQVMBUJPOXJMMMFBSOUPMPWFUIFJS
FOFNJFT JUJTOFDFTTBSZUPCVJMEBOBQQSPQSJBUFTPDJBM FDPOPNJD QPMJUJDBM BOEGJSTUDVMUVSBMFOWJSPONFOU JO
XIJDINFEJBGPSDFGVMMZQSPEVDFHFOFUJDBMMZNPEJGJFEEFNPDSBUJDDVMUVSF XIJDIXJMMTPPOCFHJO to poison the
EFNPTXJUIUIFTFOTFPGJOGFSJPSJUZUPXBSETUIFDPMPOJ[FS*UXJMMEPTPCZEPNJOBUJOHUIFQVCMJDXJUIUIFJEFB
PG&VSPQFBOJEFOUJUZBUUIFFYQFOTFPGOBUJPOBMJEFOUJUZ BTUIFGJSTUQIBTFJOUIFQSPDFTTPGQPMJUJDBMMZBO
OPVODFEDIBOHFTJODPOTDJPVTOFTT TVSSFOEFSJOHPGUIFOBUJPOBMDVMUVSFUP8FTUFSOJ[BUJPO DSFBUJOHBDVM
UVSFPGQFSJQIFSBMTBOEBSUPGDPQZJOH FUD1SPEVDUTPG8FTUFSOJOEVTUSZPGDPOTDJPVTOFTTBSFGMPPEJOHPVS
USBEJUJPO IJTUPSZ JEFOUJUZ XIJDIJTEFWBTUBUJOH IBWJOHJONJOEUIBUJUJTQSFDJTFMZPOUIFTFWBMVFTUIBUUIF
DVMUVSFPGSFTJTUBODFUP8FTUFSODVMUVSBMNPEFMTIBTCFFOGPSNFE*OBEEJUJPOUPUIBU QVCMJDPQJOJPOJTMJN
JUFEBOEDPNNVOJDBUJPODIBOOFMTXPSLXJUIPVUTQPOUBOFJUZ
*ODPOUSBTUUPUIFVMUJNBUFHPBMPGDPMPOJ[FST TDPMEJOHPGDPNNPOQFPQMF EFGZJOHUSBEJUJPOT QBUSJPU
JTNBOESFNFNCSBODFPGUIFHMPSJPVTQFSJPE TUBOETUIFDPOTDJPVTOFTTUIBUTBGFUZMJFTJOUIFGBNJMZWBMVFT
BOEOBUJPOTUBUF$BOUIJTBQQSPBDIQSFWBJMPWFSUIFDPMPOJBMEFNPDSBDZ XIFSFNBOJQVMBtion has become
MFHJUJNBUF DJUJ[FOTUVSOFEJOUPDPOTVNFST DSJUJDBMUIJOLJOHIBTCFDPNFOVNCBOEUSVUIHBWFXBZUPQFS
TPOBMJOUFSFTUTBOEXJMMGPSQPXFS
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sciousness.
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̸̸̸͉͆̽̽͌͑̓́ͅ1
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
̸̸̸̸͈͉͉̺͉̻̾́́͊̓́͊͋̿́̾̈́́́͊̓̾͢͠͠ͅ
̸̸̸̸͈͉͈͇͇̺̺́̽͆͊͋́͊͋͆͆́͑͋͆
͈͉͇͇͉͉̹͊͋͌͊́̾͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͼͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͪ ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͳ͸ͽͰ
ͭͻͪͶ͸ͳͯͰ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷ͈ͪͻͳ
ͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪΒͰ
ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͬͳͯ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͯ͸;
͹ͯ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͲͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰͽͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͳ
ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͬͳͯͰ
ͽͳͬͰͻͼ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͰͯͰͼͳͶͰ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ
ͳͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪͺ͹͵͹ͷͰͼͰͼͬͪ͵͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͌ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͲͪͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͺͻͪ
ͬͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ ͵͹Β͹Β ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳͯͪͼͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͰͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳ΃Ͱ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺͻͰͷͪͽͻͪ
ͯͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ΂Ͱͭͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͬͳͼ͹͵ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͺ͹͵ͶͪͺͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ̓͹ͷͺͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷͪΔͳͫͻ͹ΒͪͽͰͳͼͽͪ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;
99*ͬͰ͵ͪ ͪͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͰͲͪͽ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ;ͯͰΒͼͽͬ;ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ
͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͪ ͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ.
̸͉̻͉̻̾̈́́́́̾̈́́́͊̓́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋͠͠
͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͯͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ;ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͷ͵ͪ;ͲͪͶ͸ͳͷͬͰͲͪͷͪͼ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ΂ͳΒͳ
ΒͰ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ; ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ ͼͿͰͻͪͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͇ͯ;ͬͰ͵ ΒͰ ͫͳͽ͸͹ ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͼͪͶͪ ͳ
;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ ͸ͪ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ Γ;ͯͳ ͪͶͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹ ͳͲͬ͹ͻ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͳ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ͹;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͶͪ͌ͼͬͳͷͰͺ͹΀ͪͷͪ
1
OBEBSBEVTLJ@gmail.com
731
ͻͪͲͬͳͽ͵ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͸ͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪͳ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒ;
͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸Ͱͽ;ͳ͵Γ;΂͸;͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁;͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ
͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͯͫͳͽ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͬͰΕͳͯͻ;
ͭͳ΀ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͬͰ͵͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;;͸;ͽͪͻ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͷͳΓͰͪ ́ͷͪ ͬͪͱ͸; ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ; Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͽͪͽͳ΂͸ͪ ͬͰΕͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͪ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͷͪΔͳͷͳͶͳͬͰΕͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷ͈ͪ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ΒͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺ͹͵ͶͪͺͪΒ;ͳ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹͹ͼ͸ͪ
ͱ;Β; ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͳͶͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͷ͹ͫͳͶͳͼͪͽͳ ͹ͯͻͱͪͽͳͳ͹ͼ͸ͪͱͳͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͉ͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͬͳͯ͹ͬͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͻͪͼ͸ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ
ͻͪΒ;;ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳͷ͹ͯͰͶͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͳ΃;ͭͪ͸ͪ;ͯͻ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͬͻͼͽͰ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͳ ͼͺͪΒͪΒ; ͳ ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪΒ;
Γ;ͯͰ ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͯ͸; ͯͻ;ͭ͹Β ͆ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͬͻͼͽͰ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͷͪͱ;;ΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔ;ͳͶͳͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΔ;Γ;ͯͳ
͉ͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͰ ; ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
ͺͻͰͷͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͅͿͽͳΒͰͬͪ ͼͽͻ
́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼͰ
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͼͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ΂͵;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ; ΒͰͻ͹͸ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰ ͪͶͳͳͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻ͉ͪͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪͯͻͱͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͼ͸Ͱ΂ͳͷ
ͪͶͳͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭͪ ͺͪ ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͸ͪͶͪͲͳ; ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔ; ͼ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͬͻͼͽͪͷͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͊ͽ͹Βͪͯͳ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ΒͰͳͬͻͶ͹ͫͶͳͲͪ͵ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͭͪ ΒͰ Ͷͪ͵΃Ͱ ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ Γ;ͯͳ ͼͰ
ͻͪͯͳΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;Β;ͼ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒ͹ͷ͵͹Βͪͳ΀Βͪͼ͸ͳΒͰtͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͳ΀i͸Ͱͭ͹ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹΃Ε;
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͷ͹ͭ;ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͽͳͽ͹ΒͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ
Βͳ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ ͯ͹͵ͼͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͳͼͽͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͽͳͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ2 ̓͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽΒͰ
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ ͵͹΀ͰͲͳ͹͸ͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͪ ; ͳͼͽ; ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ
͸͹ͼͽ͆Ͱͷͪͼ;ͷΔͰͯͪΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͫͳ͹͵Γ;΂͸ͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ;͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͪͶͳΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͯ;ͭ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͻͪͼͽͪ͹ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;Β;
Εͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰͽͪ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͺͶͪ͸ )BMM ͼͽͻ
͌ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ;͹ͬ͹ͭͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͼͬͰΕ;ΒͰͺͪͱΔͪ ͵ͪ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹Β͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ;͵ͪ͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪͳ
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ )FSWJFV-FHFS

́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬ
ΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪͺͻ͹
ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͳ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
2
͌ͫͳͬ΃͹Β͍͉͊͠ ͷͪͯͪ ͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺ͹͵ͶͪͺͪͶͪͼͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ͹ͷͳͷͪͽͰͻΔͳͷ
ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ͵͹Βͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͳͼͽͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͳͼ;ͼͰͺ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͊ͻͫͳͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ

ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͺͻͰͷͪΒͰͲͳ͵; ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͶͳ ͼ;ͳͼͽ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ; ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͎ͻͬͪͽͳͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸΁ͳͳͶͳ
͊ͻͫͳͳͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸΁ͳ
ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͼͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͳͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͻͳ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͅ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳ

732
̸̸̸͉͆̽̽͌͑̓́̾ͅͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͵ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒ͹ͷ ͪͶͳͳ΁ͰͶͳͷͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸͹ͷͅ͹ͱͯͪΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͪͽ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽΓ;ͯͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͭͯͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͵ͻ;΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͯͰ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͪ ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ ͯͪ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳͫͳͶͪͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪΔͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͪͲͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͽͶ; 3BEVØLJ ͼͽͻ

̸̸͉̺̾́͋̈́́̀͏̸͉̻́̾̈́́́̾͠͠
͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͼͰ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͳΔͰ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰΓ;ͯͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹ΒͰͷͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͭ;ͫͰ ͼͬ͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ 8JMTPO
͊Ͱ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͽ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͹ͯͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ͹̹ͯ͹ͭͪͳ͸Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳt͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ͹ͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;͵͹ͷͰͼͰͬͰͻͪ;̹͹ͭͪ͸Ͱ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪ͵ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;;͵͹ͷͰͼͰͬͰͻͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪ
͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ΀͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪͳͽ͹͹͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪi 5FKMPS ͼͽͻ–
̓ͻͪΒͰͷ
99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼͫ;ͻ͸ͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͻͰͬͳͬͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ
ͲͪͷͰΔ;ΒͰ ͼͰ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͰ ͽͪΒ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ͹ ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷ
ͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹
ͼͽͳ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͼͰͽͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͰ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͪͯͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͪͼͰ͵;
ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ΒͰͻΒͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͬͻͶ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ͸ ͳͷͪ
Β;Εͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ͯͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪ tͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ
ͼͬͰͽ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳͪ͸ ͪ͵͹ ͸Ͱ ͳ ͻͰͶͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳΒͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ; ͺͻ͹΃Ͷͳͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪi
#FSHFS ͼͽͻ
͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͼͰΒͪͬΓͪ͵ͪ͹͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͪͬ͸;ͼ΁Ͱ͸;ΒͰͼͽͰt͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͪi– ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪ
ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸;͌͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͼͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳͷ ; ͼͳͷͫͳ͹Ͳ; ͵͹Βͪ Β͹΃ ;ͬͰ͵ ; ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͳͷͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ Ͱͷ͹΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͽͰͽ
̻ͪͬͻͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

ͪͯͪͅΒͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͪͯͪΕͰͼͰ͵ͻͪΒͰͷ99ͬͰ͵ͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽΓ;ͯͳͼͷͪΔͳͬͪͽͳ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼͰ͵;ͶͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪ
Ͳ;Β;ͯͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͳͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͬͰΕ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͫͻ͹ΒͪͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͪͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͉ͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰΒͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;Ϳ͹͵;ͼ;͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͼ͹΁ͳ
͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪͳͯͰͫͪͽͪ ΒͰͻͼͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͪ
ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͺ͹Βͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͺͶͪ͸; ͉ͪͯͳͼͪͬΓͰͬͳΕͣͳͺͪͻͳͲ͹ͬͳΕ ̹Ͷͪͭ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪΒͰ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͪ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ
͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼͬͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͳΒͳͽͻͰ͸ͯͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ;ͻͪͲ͸ͳͷͼͿͰ
ͻͪͷͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͊ͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ;ͱͰͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͪͶͳ
733
ͼͪͫͳͽ͸͹ͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ3 ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪͼ;ͯͬͪ͹ͼ͸͹
ͬ͸ͪͽͻͰ͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͪͽ͹ͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͹
ͬͪͶ͹;͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹Βͳ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹Β̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͬͳΒͰͺͻͳͬͪͽͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͰͻͰͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰΔͰ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ
ΒͰͼͽͰͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͰͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ͵ͪͯͪͼ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͽͰͼ͸͹
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Βͪ΂ͪΔͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ
;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸;ͬͻͼͽ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͼͪͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬͳͷͪͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹ͭͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͼ͸ͪͱ;ΒͰͪ;ͽ͹
ͻͳͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͰ #FSHFS ͼͽͻ. 443–

̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;Β; ͷ͹ͭ;
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͳͲͽ͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹͈ͯͪ͹ͺͳͼͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪΒͰ͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͪ΂ͳΒ͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͱͳͬͰͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͷͪ
ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͷ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹ͯͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͪͶͳͯͪͶͳΕͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͻͰͶͳ
ͭͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͳͽͳ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹;ͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͲͪͬͳͼͳͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹
͹ͯͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͪͬͪͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͷͺͳͽͪΔ;;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷ
ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͼ; ͳͲ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ ΃ͽ͹
;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͸;ͱ͸͹ͼͽ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͭͶͰͯͪΔͪ͸ͪͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͪͷ͹
ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷ;͸ͪ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;͍;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͼͽͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͺ͹;Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺͻͳͷͰΔ;ΒͰͺͻͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͳͲΒͪͬͪ ͉ͪͯ;΃͵ͳ ͪ ͼͽͻ
͐Ͱͼͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰͯͪͼͰ;ͷͪ͵ͻ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼ;ͺ͹ͺͳͼͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
ͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ
ͺͻͪͬͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ ͺͪͼ;ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͪͪ͸͵Ͱͽ͸ͪͳͯͻ;ͭͪͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹
ͬ;͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵ͻ;ͭ͵͹ΒͰͷͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;ͬͰΕͳͯͻ;ͭͳͬͪͱ͸ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳͲͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳΒͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͪͯͪͅͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪͳͷͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͯͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͸ͳͼ;;ͬͰ͵
;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͬͳͳͶ͹ͭͳ΂͸ͳ ͳͺͪ͵;ͺ;Ε;Β;͸ͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸͹ͼͽ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪ;ͺ͹ͺͳͼ ΒͰͻͯ͹ͺ
ͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͻͪͼͬͰͽΓͪͬͪΔ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳͼͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ
̸̸̸͇͇͇͇͇̹͇͉̺͉̻̾͋̽̈́͑̓̾͊̾͆͊͋́́͊͋̿́̾̈́́́͊̓̾͢͠ͅ
̸͈͉͈͇́̽͆͊͋́
͈͹Βͪͬͪͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ;ͺͻͬͳͺͶͪ͸
͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ Ͳͪ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͈ͻͰͷͪ
3
̺ͶͪͯͰͽͪ ͠Ͱͻ͹ͽͳΕͺͻͪͬͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺ͹ͫ͹ͱ͸͹ͭͳͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ̽͹͵ΒͰ ͺͻͬͳͫ͹ͭ͹ͫ͹ΒͪͱΓͳͬͳ
ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪͳ͹ͫͻͰͯͪ ͵ͻͼ͸ͪͼͶͪͬͪ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͯͻ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳͪ͸
΂͹ͬͰ͵ͱͰͶͳͯͪͼͰͼΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͼ̹ͪ͹ͭ͹ͷ ͯͪ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ;΂ͰΔͪͳͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫͳͼͬ͹ΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ
΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷ ; ͼͰͫͳ ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͹ ͬͰͻͳ Βͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪΔͰͷ ͬͰͻͰ ͳ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͱͳͬΓͰΔͰͷ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪ΂ͰͶͳͷͪ̀ͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͫͳͽͳͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͫ͹ͱͪ͸ ͬͰΕͳͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳͪ͸ ͠Ͱͻ͹ͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ¢

734
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͷͪͲͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂
͸ͳ΀͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͪͽͳͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͻͰͶͳ
ͭͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͬͰͻͼ͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ
͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷ ͬͰͻ͹ͷ ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ ;ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ͳͶͳ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͈ͳͽͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͫͳͽͳ
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭͽͳͺͪͳͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ͸Ͱ
ͳͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΔͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͶͳ΁ͪ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ͌
ͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͳͷͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰ͸ͰͭͯͰͺ͹ͯͽͳͷͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͪ͸ͰͭͯͰͼͪͷ͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ
͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒͪͷͪ4
͌͸ͪ΃͹Βͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹;΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͺ͹ͼ
ͶͰͻͪͽ͸ͪͺ͹ͺͳͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ
͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͪ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸Ͱͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͰ͹
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͫͰͲͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ;ͫͰΌͰΔͪ ͪ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͷͪ͌ͺ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͺͻͰ
̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ
ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳ͸͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͳͻͪ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͻͼ͵͹Β͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹
ͼͽͳ ͪͶͳ ͫͰͲ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸;
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ;ͺͳͼ ; ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ ͵ΔͳͭͰ
5 ͊ ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ; ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͸ͳΒͰ Ϳͳͭ;ͻͳͻͪͶ͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͯͰ͵ͶͪͻͳͼͪΔͪ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͹ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ ͼͰ
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͺ;ͽͰͷͯ͹Εͳͳͯ͹;ͬͳͯͪ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͌ͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹t͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰ
ͷͪͬͰͻͳi ͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶ͹ΒͰͯͪͶͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͬͰͻͼ͵͹;ͫͰΌͰΔͰ;ͺͳͼ;ΒͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽ
͵͹Β;ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ ͳͶͳ ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͷͪ ;ͺͳͼ;ΒͰtͫͰͲͬͰͻͰi͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;ͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͷͳ΂͸ͰͳͲΒͪͬͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪͶͳͼͰͶͳ΁Ͱͼͷͪͽͻͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͪ͸ͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪͶͳΒͰ
;ͺͳͼͪ͸͹;ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ͵ΔͳͭͰ ͯͪͶͳͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹ͳͯͰ;΁ͻ͵ͬ; ͯͪͶͳΒͰ͵ͻ΃ͽͰ͸͹ ͳͽͯ
ͪͯͪͅͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͈ͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͷͪ ̓͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼͺͪͯͪ;ͭͻ;ͺ;ͯ͹ͺ;͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͲͳͲͪͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͯͻͰͯ
͸ͳ΁Ͱ;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͫͳͶͳͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͸Ͱͭ͹͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻͳ
ͻ͹ͯͰ ͺͪͼͰͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪ΃Ͷ͹;ͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͽͰ͵΂ͰͽͳͻͳͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸͹Β
ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ Ϳͳͭ;ͻͳͻͪ͹ΒͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸tͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽi ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͽΒ
4
͆ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ; ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β ͳ ͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͵ͪ͹ ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷ ͼͰ ;Ͳͳͷͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹
ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͪ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;t̓͹Β͹Β͏ͻ͵ͬͳͳͶͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͽͰ i; ͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹;ͫͰΌͰΔͰͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪͯͪͶͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͺͻͰ͵͹͸Ͱ͵ͰͬͰͻͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸Ͱͷͪ
ͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒ; ͺͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹Ͷͳ΂͸ͳͼͽͪͬͺͻͰͷͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽͪ͸ ͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Βͭͻ;ͺͳ
ͳͶͳ ;ͺͳͼ ; ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸ͳ ͻͰͭͳͼͽͪͻ ͌ ͐Ͱ΃͵͹Β ͹ͬ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸; ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ;
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͬͰͲ;ͼͪ΁ͻ͵ͬ͹ͷ ͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹ )BVH $PNQUPO $PVSCBHF ͼͽͻ. 115¢

5
̓ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼ;ͫͳͶͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ ͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ ͭͻ͵͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ
Ͱͬͪ͸ͭͰͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͳͲͻͪͰͶͳΕͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳͯͻ;ͭͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͲͪͶͳ΁ͪͫͰͲ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒͰ

͈ͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ΃ͳͿͻͳͻͪΔͪͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͺ͹ͺͳͼͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͪΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͪ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͫͰͲ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ
ͫͰͲͬͰͻͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ΁ͳ ͻͳͷ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͬͰͻͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͅ͹ΒͼͳΒͰͬ΁ͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ͸Ͱ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹
735
͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͳͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΔͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͹ͬͰͻͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ.7 ́;ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͯ͹͵ΒͰͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͪͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͸Ͱͺͻ͹
ͷͰΔͰ͸͈ͪͻͰͷͪ;ͺ;ͽͼͽͬͳͷͪͲͪͻͪͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͲͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷ;ͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ
ͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͺ͹ͺͳͼͳͬͪ΂͸ͳΒͰͼͷͰ͹͸ͳ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳͳͫͳ͹ΒͰͯ;ͱͪ͸ͯͪ;ͺͳ΃Ͱͽͪ΂͸͹͹͸ͪ͵ͪͬ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͶͳ΁ͰͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳͶ͹͌͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹Β͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͼ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ͪͲͫ;΂͸͹ͷ ͻͰͯ; ͼͪ ͻͪͲ;ΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹ͯͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ ͌ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͷ ͺ͹ͺͳͼ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸͹ΒͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽΒͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͭ;ͫͰΌͰΔͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸
΁ͪ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͳ ͸ͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ ͳͲΒͪ΃ͪΔͪͬͪΔͪ ͹ ͬͰͻͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ
ͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͌ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸
ͅͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͼͰ͸ͳΒͰͷͰΔͪͶͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺ͹ͺͳ
ͼ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭͽͳͺͪ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰͼͬͪ͵͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ
͸͹ͯͰ͵ͶͪͻͳͼͪͽͳͳͶͳ͸ͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳͼͪͽͳ͵͹Β;ͬͰͻ;ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ9
̸̸͈͉͇̺͉͇͉͉͇̺̺͉̹̾͆̾͌̾͊̓͊͋͌̓͋͌́͊͋͆͆́͑͋͊́̾͠͠ͅ
̓;Ͷͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ ͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͻͪͼͺͪͯ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯ;ͫ͹͵ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͳ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͶͳͼ;ͫͳͽ͸ͰͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱͳ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͼͬͰͼͽͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ
͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΔͰΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͻΒͰ͹͸͹;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵ͳͷ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹ͷ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ ͇ͼͰΕͪΔͰ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͺ͹
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ;ͽͪ͵͹ͳ ͺ͹ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ; Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ ͼͪ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͬͳͯ͹ͬͪͭͻ;ͺ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ͸ͪ
͹ͬͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͹ͯ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ;
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ10
7
͌ ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹Β ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ Β;ͯͪͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ
͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ ͺͻ͹͹ͻΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ͹ͬͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ
ͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ ͸ͳΒͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹

͊͵ͻͪΕͰ͸ͪ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͺ͹ͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͭͶͪͼͳͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ Β;ͯͪͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ ͼͶͰͯͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺͻ͹͹ͻΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ͹ͬͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͳΒͰ
͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ ͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ ΒͰ ͪͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹Β ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͸ͰͳͲΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸ͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ ͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹
̽ͰͽͪΓ͸ͪ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͺ͹ͯͭͻ;ͺͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ
9
͈ͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͺͳͼ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͪ ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ
͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ Β;ͯͪͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͳͼͽ͹΂Δͪ΂͵Ͱ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ
ͪͭ͸͹ͼͽͳ΁ͳ ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ
͸ͳͼ;ͼͰͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳͶͳͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹
10
͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͲͽ͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ΒͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪ΃Ͷͪ͸ͪ
ͽͻͰΕͰͷͷͰͼͽ;ͺ͹ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ̓͹ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;
͸ͪ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁; Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒ; ͵Ͷͪͼ; ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͭͻ;ͺ; ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒ; ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͼͶͪͫ͹ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪ ͼͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͷ
͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͳͷͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͷͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͪ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷͼͺͻͰͷ͹ͷ
΃ͽ͹;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ
ͯͪtͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͬͳ΃ͪ͵Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪͳͲͬͪ͸ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͭͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ;ͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰi ̺ͪͼ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͪ͸͵Ͱͽ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼ;
ͯͪΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͼͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹͹Βͪ΂ͪͶͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;͹ͫͻͰͯ͸͹ΒͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͳ ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ– ͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪͶͪtͺͪ΂Βͳͷ΀͹ͯ͹ͷi ̹Ͷͪͭ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̺ͪͱͪ͸ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ
ͽͰΓ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ; ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ΒͰͼ; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͯͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ͸͵Ͱͽ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͋ͪ͵͹
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͽͰ͵ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͫͳͶͪΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ΂ͪ͵
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͽͻͳ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸Ͱͪ͸͵Ͱͽͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͈͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͺ͹ͺ͹Ͷ; ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯ;ͺͶ͹ͷͪΔͰ
ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳ΀ͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹Ͷ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͼͪͼͬͳͷ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͽͪͻͳΒͪͶͳ΁ͪͫͳͶͪͼ;Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳΒͪ͹ͯͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͯ͹͵
ͼ;ͼͰͺͻͰͷͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸ͳͷ͵͹΀͹ͻͽͪͷͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͷͪΔͳͶͰ͌
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵ͰͼͺͻͰͷͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽΒͰͫͳͶͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹͵͹ͻͰͶͳͻͪ͸ͪͼͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͪͶͳͼͰ;͸͹ͬͳΒͰͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͯͪͼ;ͪ͸͵Ͱͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͶͳ΁ͪͭ͹ͽ͹
ͬ͹ͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹ͯͬͳͼ͹͵͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͯ͹ͺͻͰ͵͹
͵͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀
΃ͽ͹ͬͪͱͳͳͲͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͶͳͱͳͬͰ͸ͪͼͰͶ;ͳͶͳ;ͭͻͪ
ͯ; ̹Ͷͪͭ͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

̸΃ͽͪ͸ͪͷͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͉ͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͊ͻͫͳ
ΒͰΒͰ;ͺ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β
ͬͰͻͳ
ͯ͹͵͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͿͻͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻ͹ͷͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͳͼ;ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪ͸ͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͺͳͼ͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͹͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͳ
΂Ͱͷ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒΓ;ͯͳ͸ͳΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳͪ͸;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪͻͰͶͳ
ͭͳΒͰ ͬͰΕͼͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳ΃ͰͲͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;ͬͰͻ;͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪͬͰͻͳͼͬ͹Βͳ΀
ͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ ͺͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͬͳͼ͹͵ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ
͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸;ͬͰͻ; Ͳͪͽͳͷ
͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵;
ͳͼͶͪͷ
ͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵;
ͯ͹͵ͼ;ͯͻ;ͭͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹Ͳͪͼ
ͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱ ͳͼͺ͹ͯ ͌ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͺͳͼ; ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ΒͰ ͫͻ͹Β Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͼͰ ͯͰ͵ͶͪͻͳͼͪͶͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ

ͪͶͳͼͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵ͪͷ͹ͱͰͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͼ;ͷΔ; ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͵ͪͯͪ
ΒͰ ͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ ΒͰͯ͸; ͹ͯ ͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ͯͪ΃ΔͰͭ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ
;ͼͽͻ͹Βͼͽͬͪͳt͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͼ;Όͳͬͪ͹΂ͪ͵ͳ͸ͪΒͫͰͲͪͲͶͰ͸ͳΒͳͺͳΒͰͽͰͽͺͻͰͷͪͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪ ͼͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ
ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͯͪͼ;ͼͰΓ;ͯͳ;ͼͽͻ;΂ͪͬͪͶͳͳͺͶͪ΃ͳͶͳͯͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͳͼ͵ͪͱ;ͼͬ͹ΒͪͬͰͻͼ͵ͪ͹ͼͰ
ΕͪΔͪi ͈ͻ͹͵ͳΕ ͼͽͻ

737

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͺͻͰͷͪͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͫͰͲ̓ͳͅ

–2011.11
5BCMF 3FMJHJPVT̸GGJMJBUJPOPGUIF͉PQVMBUJPOPG4FSCJB FYDMVEJOH,.
¢2011.
̺Ͱͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ
7.759.571
5PUBMQPQVMBUJPO
͎ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
5.174.755
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͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪ
4.422.330
0SUIPEPY
̓ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ$BUIPMJDT
͈ͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͪ

1SPUFTUBOUT
͇ͼͽͪͶͰ0UIFST 33.257 2.191 3.211
́ͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪ.VTMJNT 224.120
͠;ͯBͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ
740
+VEBJTN
́ͼͽ͹΂Δͪ΂͵Ͱ
... ... ... ... 240 1.237
&BTUFSOSFMJHJPOT
͇ͼͽͪͶ͹0UIFST
̸ͭ͸͹ͼͽͳ΁ͳ"HOPTUJDT ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.010
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... ... ... ... 197.031 220.735
6OEFGJOFE
͆Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹
137.291 99.714
6OLOPXO
̻͹ͽ͹ͬ͹΂ͰͽͳͻͳͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͯͰ͹ͪͽͰͳͼͽͪΒͰͼͷͪΔͰ͸ͲͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͺͰͽ

ͺ;ͽͪ ͼͪ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ͸ͪ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͳͶͳͼͪ ͸ͪ
͇ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸;ͬͰͻ;ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ
͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵; ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ
ͳͼͶͪͷ
΀ͳΓͪͯͪ
ͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵; ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ
ͯ͹͵ΒͰ;ͯͰ͹͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹
ͷͪΔͳ̻Ͱ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ ͵͹ͯͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ͵͹ͳ͸΁ͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯΔͳ΀;ͬͻͶ͹ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ
͵;Β;ͼͪͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͬͰͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͳ̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳͼͪͳͼͶͪͷ͹ͷ ͊ͻͫͳͳ̺Ͷͪͼͳͼͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ
͸͹ͷ ͎ͻͬͪͽͳͳͪͅΌͪͻͳͼͪ͵ͪͶͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͪͯͻ;ͭͰͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͷͪΔͰ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͉͹ͷͳ

11
́Ͳͬ͹ͻ4PVSDF: ͚;ͻͳΕ ͋ͪ͸ͪͼ͵͹ͬͳΕ ̺;͵ͷͳͻ͹ͬͳΕ ̈́ͪΌͰͬͳΕ

͈͹ͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯ΂Ͱͭͪͼ;
ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͪ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹ΒͬͰͻͳ ͯ͹͵ͼ;͹ͼͽͪͶͰͬͰͻ
ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱͼͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ;ͯͰͶͳͷͪ͌͹͵ͬͳͻ;΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰΒͰ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͳͶͳ
Ͳͪͽͳͷ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵ͪ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͳͶͳ
ͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͪͽͪ
΀ͳΓͪͯͪͳͶͳ
12 ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳΒͰͫͻ͹ΒͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͳͼ;ͱͰͶͰͶͪͯͪͼͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳ΃;͹ͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͬͰͻͳ
΀ͳΓͪͯͪͳͶͳ
͌͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͪͽͰͳͼͽͪ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͳͶͳ

ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͲͫͳͬͪΔͪ;ͲͰͷΓͳ ͪͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͷͪΔͰͲͫ͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀;ͫͰΌͰΔͪ
͈͹ͼͶͰͺ͹ͶͪͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͯͪͪͽͰͳͲͪͷͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂ͪ͸ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ ͺͪͼͰ͹ͯͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͸ͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͯ͹ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵͇ͪ΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹
ͪͽͰͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͲͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͰͷ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ
ͳͷͪ;͵;ͼͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪͫͰͲͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ ̓;ͫ;ͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪ
Ͷͳ ͹ͬͯͰ ͺͻͰ͹ͬͶͪΌ;ΒͰ tͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͫͰͲ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪi ͳͶͳ tͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͰ ͫͰͲ ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪi %BWJF

ͳͶͳt͸ͳͽͳͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͳͽͳͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͰi 7PBT $SPDLFU

͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳ͹ͬͰͻͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͷͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͬͰΕͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͶͳ΁ͪͼͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;
͉ͪͲͶ͹ͭͰͲͪͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͺ͹͵ͶͪͺͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͯͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͳ΀Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͼͳͷ ͵͹ͯ ͉͹ͷͪ
13 ͽͻͰͫͪ ͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ ͳ ; ͯͰΒͼͽͬ; ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͳ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ΁ͪ͵ͻͪΒͰͷ99ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99*ͬͰ͵͇ͪͯ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻ;ͭ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ
͹ͯ΂Ͱͭͪͼ; ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪ
ͬ΁ͳ Ͳͪͽͳͷ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ
ͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͳ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ
́ͼͶͪͷͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ
΀ͳΓͪͯͪ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵͹ͼͽͪͶͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͳͼͽ͹΂Δͪ΂͵ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ΀ͳΓͪͯͰͳͶͳ Β;ͯͪͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͳͶͳ ͳͽͯ
͉Ͱͭͳͼͽͻ͹
ͬͪ͸ΒͰͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͼͬ͹ͭͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͪ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ
ͳͶͳ
΃ͽ͹Βͪͼ͸͹͹ͯͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;͵Ͷͳͷ;;ͲͰͷΓͳ ͪͺ͹ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͼ;ͺ͹ͺͳ
ͼͪ͸ͪͳͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͼͰͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳͶͪ͵ͪ͹ͪͭ͸͹ͼͽͳ΁ͳ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͳͶͳ
͉ͪͯ;΃͵ͳ ͼͽͻ

͎ͻ͹͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪͯͬͪͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͬͳͯͰͽͳͯͪΒͰͼͷͪΔͰ͸ͫͻ͹Β
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͬͳ΀ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͲͪ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͰͲͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͰͲͪͳ
ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͲͪ
ͷͪͯͪͼ;ͽ͹ͳͯͪΓͰ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ̓ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷ
ͽͪͽ ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳͻͪ΃ͽͪΒͪ ͳ Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳ ; ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹Β
12
ͅͰΌ; ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ ͼ; ͊ͻͫͳ
͵͹ͯ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͰͬͰͻͰͺͻͰ͹ͬͶͪΌ;Β;ͪͅΌͪͻͳ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͯͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱ
ͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ
ͪͲͪͽͳͷͼͶͰͯͰ̹;ΔͰͬ΁ͳ ͹͵͹

ͳ͉;ͼͳ͸ͳ ͹͵͹
̺ͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͼͶͪͷͪͼ;̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳ ͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳ
Ͳͪͽͳͷ͉͹ͷͳ ͹͵͹
ͅ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳ ͹͵͹
ͳ̻͹ͻͪ͸΁ͳ ͹͵͹
ͅͰΌ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ͸ͪΒͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳΒͳ
ͼ;͊Ͷ͹ͬͪ΁ͳ ͹͵͹ͯͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱ
ͪͅΌͪͻͳ ͹͵͹ΒͰͯ͸ͰͺͰͽͳ͸Ͱ
ͳ͉͹ͷͳ ͹͵͹

13
̓͹͉ͯ͹ͷͪͼ;Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͳͼͬͳͷ͹ͯͪͶͳͽͰͽͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͪͺͻͰ͵͹
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸;
ͲͪͽͳͷͳͼͶͪͷ
ͪ;ͷͪΔͰͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽ; ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵;
ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵;ͬͰͻ;
͌ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ;ͼͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳͷͪΒ;͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ

ͪ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͪͽͰͳͼͽͪ
́ͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ͵͹ͯ ͉͹ͷͪΒͰ ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ͫͳͶ͹; ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;
ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͪ ͼ; ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͶͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ; ͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ͭͯͰ ͱͳͬͰ
͉ͪͯ;΃͵ͳ ͼͽͻ

739
ͷͰͻͳͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͯͰ͵ͶͪͻͳͼͪΔͪ ͫͻ͹Βͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͬͰͻͰ͹ͺͪ͹ΒͰͲͪ
ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͼͪ ͸ͪ
͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͰͲͪ͹͵͹΀ͳΓͪͯͰ ͼͪ ͸ͪ
ͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼ
ͽͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͰͲͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͰͯͪͷ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͼͪ ͸ͪ
͊ͷͪΔͰΔͰͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳͶͳ΁ͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹
ͬͰͼͽͳͲͪ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͼͪ ͸ͪ
ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽΒͰͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͭ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͺ͹ͺͳ
ͼ͹ͷ;ͼͶͰͯͫ͹Β͵͹ͽͪͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪΒ;ͭ;͊ͻͫͳ
ΒͰ ̹;Βͪ͸͹ͬͪ΁ ͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ͹ͳͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ͅͰͯͬͰΌͪ

͌ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹Ͳͪͳ͵;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹͵͹ͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳͶ͹Ͳͪ͸Ͱ͵;͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒ;
ͼ;ͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ ͪ ͸ͳΒͰͱͰͶͰͶ͹ͯͪͼͰͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͳ΃Ͱ̀ͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͼͰ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͶ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͯͬͰ
ͽͻͰΕͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͹ͬ͹ͭ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪͺͻͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͪ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͪ͸ͪͯ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͬͰͻ͹ͷ ͯͻ;ͭͪͺ͹Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ
ͯ͹͵ ͼ; Β;ͯͪͳͲͪͷͳ
ͳͼͽ͹΂Δͪ΂͵ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͷͪΔͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱ ͚;ͻͳΕͳͯͻ ͼͽͻ–

͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ;͵͹Β͹Β͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;ͳͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ
ͺͪͼ;ͬͰͻͼ͵ͪͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͳ;ͬͪͱͪͬͪΔͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͳͷͰΌ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭ͹ͯ
͵ͻ;΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͷͳͻ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͼͺͰͻͳͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͰ̹ͻ͹Β͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͷͪΔͳ͸ͰͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͼ;ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͬͳͽ͵; ͺͪͼ;ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͳͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͳͲͻͪͱͪ
ͬͪΔͰͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ
Δͳ΀͹ͬ;ͺ;͸;ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹͊ͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ
ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͼͺͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͯͪ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͸ͪ ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͳ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔ; ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͇΂;ͬͪΔͰ ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳΒͰͯͰ͹;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͼͬͪ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͲͪ
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΔͰͳ͸ͽͰͻ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ ͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͪ΁ͻ͵ͬͪͷͪͳ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͌ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͳͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵
͊ͻͫͳΒͰͺͻ;ͱͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͷͪΔͳ͸ͪͷͪͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽ
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ͯͻͱͪͬͳͳͶͳ;͸͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͫͳͬ΃Ͱ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ– ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͈ͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͺͻͰͳͶͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͳͲͷͰ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͯͰ͹͹ͺ΃ͽͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͽͪ͵ͬͰ
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰΒ͹΃ͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͽͰͱͰΒͰ͸ͪͯͪͽͳͼͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ΒͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡:ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳΒͰͲͳ΁ͳ ͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽ
͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͼ;;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͯͬͰͳͶ;ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͯͬͰ;͸ͳͲ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͏ͳΓΒͰͯͪͼͰ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰͳ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪͳͲͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͪͶͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͷ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ
1
hvostanskazemlja@gmail.com
2
͉ͪͯ ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ; t͇ͺͳͼ ͳ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪi

͵͹ΒͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
743
ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ ͳͼͽͪ͵͸Ͱ ΃ͽͰͽͪ͸ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͼͽͳ΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ ͽ;Όͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹
ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ
͌͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͹ͷͰ͵ͯ͹͸ͪͶͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͦ͹ͻΘ͉ͳ΁Ͱͻ (FPSHͰ3JU[FS
ΒͰͺ͹͸;ͯͳ͹ͳͽͰͻͷͳ͸grP
CBMJ[BUJPO ͼͪ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻͰ΂Β;grow ͻͪͼͽͳ ΃ͳͻͳͽͳͼͰ
͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ ͭͻ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͪ
ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹΃Ε; ͳͷͪͳͼͽ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵ͪ͹ͳͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͪͯͪͽͪ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͽͰ͵ͼͽ͈ͪ
͈ͳͺͰͻͪ ͼͽͻ
͵͹ΒͳͭͶͪͼͳt̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͭͻ͹ͫͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀iͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͼͪͱͰͽͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̸͸ͪ
ͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͭͻ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͉ͳ΁Ͱͻ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͯ
ͬͶͪ΂ͳtͪͅͶ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸Ͱͽͪ͵͸;ͽ͹ͼͬͰͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳΒͳͷ;Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷͭͻ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͼͬͰ
ͷͪΔͰͳͷͪΔͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹͹ͯͭͻ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀;ͽΒͰ΁ͪΒ͇ͪ͸͹΃ͽ͹;ͼͺͳΒͰͬͪ͹ͯ͹ΓͰͽͳͭͻ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͺͻ͹ͽΒͰͻ;ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒ;ͳͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪ͹ͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̻͹ͷͳͶͪ͹͸͹ͭ΃ͽ͹͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͰ
ͺ;͸͹ͺͻͳΒͰͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͺͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͪ͸ͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹i3 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ

͉Ͱ΂ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͻͰ΂Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ΒͰ;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͊ͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͯͪΒͰ
ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹͉ͭ͹Ͷͪ͸͉ͯ͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸t͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳ ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;ͳ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͼͰͯ͹ͺ;Δ;Β;i ͺͻͰͷ͉ͪͳͬͶͳ͸ͪ ͼͽͻ
̹ͻ͹Β͸ͪ ͷͪͶ͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ
Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͺͻ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͪ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽΒͼͳ͸ͽͰͲͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͊ͽͪ͸͹ΒͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͳͼͶ ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͼͪͯͻͱͰ ͳͼͽ;ͳͶͳͼͶͳ΂͸;͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒ;
̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͪͽͰΕͪͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͳ;ͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͳͷͼͿͰͻͪͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ̓ͪͯ ΒͰͻͰ΂͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ̺͎ͪ΂ͪͽ;ͻΒͪ͸ ͎ͪ΂ͪͽ;ͻΊ͸
ΒͰ
ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͯͬͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸ͪͳͺͻͳͬͳͯ͸͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ– Ͱ͸͵ͶͪͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͳ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ ͯͪ ͯͬͰ tͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͲͫͶͳͱͪͬͪ ͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͹ͫͰ ;Ͳ ͼͬͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ; ͼͽͪΔ; ͯͪ
͸ͪͻ;΃Ͱ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͯͪͯͰͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃;ͳͶͳͺͻͰ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸;Ͳ͹͸;ͬͻͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪi͆ͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ;ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ΒͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ
͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵;͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ΃ͽ͹ͳΒͰͼͽͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼͽͪ͸ͬͳͯͰ͸͵ͶͪͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
– ͼ
ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͳ ͯͬ͹Βͪ͵͹Β ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹Β ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ – ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͰͻ͸͹ͭ ͳ
ͼͽͳ΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ;ͺͶͳͬͪͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͯͻ;ͭͰΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱ ͪͶͳͳͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͰͲͪΔͪͲͪͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳ
Ͳͷͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ DPEFTXJUDIJOH
̀ͪͽ͹̹ͅͳ΃ͳΈͶͳΕ .JØJǀ
*MJǀ
ͺͻͪͬͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͬͪΒ;ͬͪͻͳΒͰͽͰͽͪ– ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͲͪΒ
ͷΓͳͬͪΔͰ
ͳ͹͸͹ͭͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷͼͰͻͫͶͳ΃ / ͼͰͻͭͶͳ΃ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͯ͹ͬͪ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ͵͹ͯ
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͯͳΒͪͼͺ͹ͻͳ
ͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͲͶͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͪͻͪͷͰͽͪ
ͻͪͳ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͰ .JØJǀ*MJǀ ͼͽͻ–
̓ͪͯΒͰͻͰ΂
͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹ͶͰ͵ͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͳ͹ͫͻͪΕͪͺͪͱΔͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ; ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͯͪͽ͹ͭͽͰͻ
ͷͳ͸͈ͪ͋ͻΕͳΕ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͯΔͰͭͪͺ͹ͯͬ͹ͯͳtͼͪͷ͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹΂ͳ͸ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸Ͱͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ
͸Ͱͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵Ͱ͸͹ͻͷͰi 1SǀJǀ ͼͽͻ
̽ͻ;ͭͪͬͻͼͽͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ΀ͳͫ
ͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ΒͰ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ ͼͪͷ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ΃ͽ͹ ͳͷͪ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;
;ͷ͸͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͪͽͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ͇ͯͪͽͳͷͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ
3
͈ͻͰͬͰͶͪ ̽ͳΒͪ͸ͪ ͪͭͯͅͳΕ ͺͻͰͷͪ 3FUIJOLJOH (MPCBMJ[BUJPO (MPDBMJ[BUJPO (SPCBMJ[BUJPO BOE 4PNFUIJOH
/PUIJOH4PDJPMPHJDBM5IFPSZ 21 3
4FQUFNCBS
744
̸͉͉́͋̾́ͣ͡ͅͅ: ͌͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͹ͫͳͷ͸ͪͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͪ͸ͪͷ͸͹ͭͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ̈́͹ͭͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳͯͪ͸͹ͼͳ͹
΁ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯΒͪ͵ͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ͹͵;ͺͳͻͪͺͻͬͳ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰ
ͷͪ ͪͯͪͺͪͱΔ;ͷͪͽͰͻΔͳ΀͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͺͻͳͬ;΂ͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ͈ͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪͰ͸ͭͶͰ
ͼ͵͹ͭͼͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͪͲͳΒͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ– Βͪͺͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵ͳͷ ͷͪ͸ͯͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͽͯ
͋ͪ͵͹̸͈ͪ͵ͳͻ 1BLJS ͼͽͻ
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;;͊ͳ͸ͭͪͺ;ͻ; ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
ͯͪΒͰtͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͽͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͪͶͳ͵͹Βͳ
ΒͰ͹ͫ͹ΒͰ͸Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͳͷͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀͸͹ͬͳ΀͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵̻ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻͪΔͪ ͳͷͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ͪͶͳ;ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͹͸ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ;ΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰi͈͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͼͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͼͬͳͷͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͷͪͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͪͻͪͲͷͪͽ
ͻͪ͸ͳͷ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ – ͳ ; ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵; ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳͯͳ͹ͷͪ
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ;ͺ͹ͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔ;ͻͰ΂͸ͳ͵ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͻͰ΂ͳͷͪͼͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹Ͷ͹ͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͳ;
;ͺͶͳͬ;͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͳ΀ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ;ΒͰͲͳ͵ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ
͵ͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͉ͳͬͶͳ͸ͪ ͼͽͻ
ͼ͵ͻͰΕͰ ͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
ͭͶͪͷ;ͻ ͺͳͪͻ ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬͪ͸ ͵͹ΒͰ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵; tͽͻͺͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ ͼͰͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹
ͼͽͳͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͲͷͰ͸Ͱ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;͸;ͽͪͻΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳͷͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳͷͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͻ;ͼ͵͹
ΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪi̸;ͽ͹ͻ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ͹͸ͳͲ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹͵͹͸͹ͽͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͳͺͰͱ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
͸͹ͬ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͫͳͼ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰt͈͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͽͳͺͪͭͶͪͷ;ͻ ͺͳͪͻ ͵ͻͰ
ͪͽͳͬͪ͸ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ;Ͷͳ͸ͭͬ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͼ΂ͳͽͪͬͳͷ͸ͳͲ͹ͷͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰΒͪͳͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͰΓ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰͷͪͻ;ͼ͵͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͰͼͶͳ͵ͰͼͬͰͽͪi ͉ͳͬͶͳ͸ͪ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔ;Εͳͯͪ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ
ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬͪ͸ ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰ;ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͸·͵͹ ͵͹ͯ
ΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀Ͱ͵ͬͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͪͽͪͽͬ͹ͻ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂͵ͳ
ͳͼ͹ͲͳͯͪͽͰͶ·͸Άʹ ͽͬ͹ͻͪ΂͵ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΂
͵ͳ
ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͳͻ͹͸ͳ΂͸ͳͯͰͻͳͬͪͽͳ͸ͳͼ;ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳtͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͯͪͽͳ΀͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͪͽͪ;ͻ;ͼ͵͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ
ΒͰͽͪ͵ͪͬͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͰͼͶͳ΂͸͹ΒͿͪͷͳͶͳΒͪͻ͸͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͳi͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ ͉ͳͬͶͳ͸ͪ
ͼͽͻ
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪΕͳͯͪͼͰͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͺͻͳͼͰͽͳͷ͹
͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͪͽͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͷͳ͸ͭͬ͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ ͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ Δͳ΀͹ͬ; ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͋Ͱ͸
ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͳͻͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ tͻ;ͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷi ;͸ͳͬͰͻͫͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
ͪͫͻͰͬͳΒͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͷͳͭͻ͹ͷͻͰ΂ͳ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪ;͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͱͪͻͭ͹͸;̸͸ͪͶͳ
ͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͱͪͻͭ͹͸ͷͶͪͯͳ΀͊ͻͫͪͳ͉;ͼͪ ͊ͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ
͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰt͇͸ͳͷͳͳͲͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵͹ͭͱͪͻͭ͹͸ͪͻ;ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͳͷͪΒ;ͼͪͷ͹͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸;Ϳ;͸
͵΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͳͷΒͰͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱͰ͸ͪͳͰ͵ͼͺͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸ͪi ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹
ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͲͳͬͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͷ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̸̸̹͊́͊́ / ̹Ͱʹ
͹ͫͿͰʹͼ ՙ͖ʹͼ͹Ϳ̹Έʹͼ ̸DFPG#BTF – ͳͷͰ΃ͬͰͯͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͺͭͻ;ͺͰ
̽ͰͫͳͶ ͹ͯ5IF#FBUMFT
ͳͯͻ ͅͳͶ͹
ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
́ͺͪ͵ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͰͺͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ
͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͸ͳͼ;͸ͳ͹ͯͬͰΕͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͪ͸ͳͽͪ͵͹ͳͲͻͳ΂ͳͽͳͯͪͫͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͶͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹ͷͰ
͸;ͽͳ΀͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͯͪͽͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ
745
͈ͪͶͷͭͻͰ͸͹ͬͪ 1BMNHSFO ͼͽͻ –
ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲͳͻͪ ͽͻͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪ ͽ;Όͳ΀
ͶͰ͵ͼͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͻ;ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͵͹Βͳͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͬͪͱͰͳͲͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͰΒͰͲͳ
͵Ͱ
ͪ
;͸;ͽͪͻΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ ;͵͹ΒͰͼͺͪͯͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪͳ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ Ϳͪ͵ͼ
͵͹ͷͺΒ;ͽͰͻ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸͹ͫͶͳͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͳͺͪ͵ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ ͼͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰΔͰ
– ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͽͰͱΔͪ͵ͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͼͪͷͳͽ – ͼ;ͼͻͰͽ͸ͪͬͻ΀;
ͫ
Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͪͶͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂
͵ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͽ;ΌͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳͯͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
΃͹ͺ – ͺͻ͹ͯͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͫͪΒ͵ – ͷ͹ͽ͹΁ͳ͵Ͷ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͼ͵Ͱ͸Ͱͻ Θ͹Βͼͽͳ͵ ͫ͹ͯͳͫͳͶͯͳ͸ͭ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͬ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽΒͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͪͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ
ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͸΁Ͱͻ – ͻͪ͵ ͭͰ͸ͳͽͪͶͳΒͰ – ͺ͹Ͷ͸ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳ
ͽͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ Ͳͪ ;΂ͰΔͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͬ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳ ͵͹Βͳ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;͵ͪͰ͵ͼͺͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
ͺͻͰͼͽͳͱͪͽ;ΌͰͻͰ΂ͳ ͽͳ͸ͰΒΘͰͻ–ͷ͹ͷ΂Ͱ ͯͰͬ͹Β΂Ͱ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪͽͳͬ͸;ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹Βͷͪ ͰͶͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ
ͻͰΒͽͳ͸ͭ
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͱͪͻͭ͹͸ͪ ͼͳ͸ͭͶ ͶͰΒͫͶ ͳͼͶ
͉ͪͲͶ͹ͲͳͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͰͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ
͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͭ͹ͯ ͳ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ
ͫͻ͹Β΂ͪ͸͹ ͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹ ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͼ; ;͸;ͽͪͻΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͆Ͱ͵ͳ ͹ͯ ͽͳ΀ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͼͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͪ͵͹ ͫͻͪ͸Ͱ
͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
ͯͻ;ͭͳͼͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͪΒ;ͼͽͳ΀ͳΒͳ ͆ͪΒ͸͹ͬͳΒͰͶͰ͵ͼͳ΂͵͹
ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͳͬͪΔͰͳͷͪ͹ͯͶͳ͵Ͱ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ4 ;ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;΃ͽ͹ͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ͷ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼ;ͽͪ͵ͬͰ
ͬͻͼͽͰ͵͹Βͳ͸;ͱ͸͹͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͳͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰ;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ͽ;Όͳ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͪ
ͼͽͻ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪt͈͹ͻͪͲͷͰͻͪͷͪͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽ;ͺͻ͹ͯͳͻͪΔͪͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵<ΒͰ>
͸ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͷͰΌ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪi ͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳͺ;ͻͳͲͪͷ΃ͽͳͽͳ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ t΂Ͱ΃͵ͳ͹ͯ
ͺ͹ͺͶͪͬͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵Ͱ ͶͰ͵ͼͳ͵Ͱ ͼͬͰ ͯ͹ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͌Ͳ ͽ͹ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ΁ͳ ͼͰ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹Γͼ͵ͳ ͫ;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͳ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͳͯͻ
ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͯͪΒ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͲͪΒ
ͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ΂Ͱͭͪ ͼͰ ; ͹ͬͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͳ ͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ;ΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ Δͳ΀ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ΂Ͱ΃͵ͳ ͼͶ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͳ
΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳ
ͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ; ͵ͪͶ͵ͳͻͪΔ; ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͬͰΕͪ ͯͰͻͳͬͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
͵͹ͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹ͻͿͰͷͪi͌ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͰͽ͵;ΕͰͷ͹ ͫͰͲͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ
͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͺͻͳͷͰͻͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͳͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;Β;͵ͪ͵͹ͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵;ΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͫ
ͻͪͲ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͼͶͳ΂͸;ͳͶͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͶ͹
ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ
̸͵͹ͼͰ͹ͼͬͻ͸Ͱͷ͹͸ͪͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͷͰ;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ;͹΂ͳΕͰͷ͹ͯͪͳ΀ΒͰͫͰͲͽͰ΃͵͹Εͪ
ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺ͹ͯͬͰͼͽͳͺ͹ͯ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;͵͹Β;ΒͰͺ͹͸;ͯͳ͹
͈͋ͻΕͳΕ 1SǀJǀ ͼͽͻ–
͋ͪ͵͹ͫͳͭͻ;ͺͳ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪ Ϳ͹͸Ͱͽͼ͵ͳͳͭͻͪ
Ϳͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͯΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ; ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͳͶͳͯͰͻ ͼͻͺ ͻ;ͼ ͫ;ͭ
–
ͶJͯͰͻ ;͵ͻ
–MJEFS ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸
ͺͶͰΒͷͰΒ͵Ͱͻ ͼͻͺ
– ͺͶͰʹͷͰʹ͵Ͱͻ ͻ;ͼ
– ͺͶͰʹͷͰʹ͵΅ͻ ͫ;ͭ
– QMFKNFKLFS
4
͈͹Βͪͷ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰͳͺͻͰͫͶͳͲ;ͺ͹ͶͪͬͰ͵͈ͪ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ΕͳͺͳͽͪΔͰt͑ͽͪΒͰ̸ͻͭͪ͸
<̓ͪͻͶ͹͚;Ͷͳ͹̸ͻͭͪ͸– ͺͻͳͷͪ;ͽ>ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͳͷͪ;ͬͳͯ;͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;͵͹͸ͪ΂͸ͳͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ
΁ͳΓͰͷ i ͪͅΒͼͽ͹ͻ͹ͬͳΕ .BKTUPSPWJǀ ͼͽͻ. 11–
͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳ ͯͪ ͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͳ ͯͳͶͰͷ; ͼ;΂ͰΓͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͯͬͪ
͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪ ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͈ͻͬͳ ͼͰ ͹ͼͶͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͪͅͻ͵ͼ͹ͬ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ t͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͭͳͻͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹– ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬ;;͵͹Β͹Βͫͳͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪͼͰͳͼͺ͹ΓͰ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ
͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ<>̽ͻ;ͭͳ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽΒͰ;͸ͳͽͪͻͳͲͪͷ ͺ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͳͷͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ͹͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹;͸ͳͿͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͰ ;Ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͳ
͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪi ΂ͳΒ; ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸; ͺͻͰͷͪ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ΂ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ

ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸
͹͸ͶͪΒ͸ ͼͻͺ
– ͹͸Ͷͪʹ͸ ͻ;ͼͳͫ;ͭ
– ͹͸Ͷͪʹ͸͹͸Ͷͪʹ͸ ;͵ͻ
͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͻͺ
– PQDF ΂Ͱ΃

– ͹ͺ΁ͳΊ ͻ;ͼͳͫ;ͭ
– ͹ͺ΁JΊ ;͵ͻ
– PQDJKB ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸
ͫͻͳͿͳ͸ͭ ͼͻͺͳͻ;ͼ
– CSJGJOHCSJGJOL ΂Ͱ΃

Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ ͼͻͺͳͫ;ͭ
– Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ ͻ;ͼ
– FYQFSU ΂Ͱ΃
– FLTQFSU ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸
ͳͽͯ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ΁ͳ
Ͳͪͼ;ͽͳͼ;ͳͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͬͻͼͽ͹ͷͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ΀ͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪ ͽͰͼͰ;ͼͬͳͷͪΔͳͷͪͼͻͰΕ;DFMFCSJUZ NBLF
VQ TͰDVSJUZ JOQVU QFSGPSNBODF ͳͯͻ ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹΃ͽͰͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪ ;ͺ
͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͳͻͪΒͽͰ͸ͪͼ ͺͻͰͷͪͰ͸ͭDPOUBDUVT ͳͶͳͪͻͽͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪ BSUTDFOB ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ
͸ͰͽͺͻͰͼͼͪ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͶ͵͹ͬͰ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͼͳ͸ͽͪ͵ͼͳ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ΒͰͲͳ͵̻ͪͻͪͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͺ͹ͶͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͽΒͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͿͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ
͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
ͯͪ ͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͪ ͶͰ͵ͼͰͷͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͫͳͽͳ ; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳ ͳ ͳͷͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͳͯͰͬͪ
UPQ
ͺͻͳͯͰͬͪͳͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͪ TVQFS
ͳͶͳͳͷͪͽͳ΂ͪ͵ͽͻ͹Βͪ͵;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;– ͳͷͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺͻͳͯͰͬͪͳͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͪ
singl
͵͹Β; ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁; ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ ͹ͬͰ ͬͻͼͽͰ ̺ ̺ͪͼͳΓͰͬͪ ͳ ̸ ͑ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪ ̺ͪͼͳͶ·Ͱͬͪ
͑ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ–
;͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;;΂Ͱ΃͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪΒͰͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ
΁ͳͷͪ ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͺ΃ͽ;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;͌΂Ͱ΃͵͹ͷͼͰ΂ͪ͵ͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ;Β;ͳͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪ͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪ
Δͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ;ͺͻ;ͼͪͻͽ͵Ͷ;ͫ ͪͻͽ΀ͪ͹ͼ
– ΂Ͱ΃VNǆMFDLÃPCFD VNǆMFDLÝTIBPT
ͻ;ͼ
ͽ;ͻͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼ ͽ;ͻ͵Ͷͪͼͼ – ΂Ͱ΃UVSJTUJDLÝCZ[OZT UVSJTUJDLÃUǥJEB ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ
͊ͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ
͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β ͷ͹ͯ͸͹Βͳͼͬͪ͵͹Βͯͻ;ͭ͹Β ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͫͰͶͰͱͰͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ;ͿͻͰ͵
ͬͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳ;΂ͳΒ͹Βͼ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱͯͪͽ͹ͭͽͳͺͪ ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͰ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ– ͼͺ͹ΒͰ͸͹ ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ ͼ΁ͻͽͳ΁͹ͷͽ͹ͺͷ͹ͯͰͶͽ͹ͺͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͽ͹ͺͲͬͰͲͯͪ ͳͯͻ ͼͻͺ
– ͽ͹ͺͷ͹
ͯͰͶ ͽ͹ͺͱ;ͻ͸ͪͶͳͼͽ ͽ͹ͺͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪʹ ͫ;ͭ
– UPQNPEFM ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸
ͻͳΒͪͶͳͽͳ΃͹; ΃͹;ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷ ΃͹;
ͫͳͲ͸ͳͼ ͽ͹͵΃͹; ͼͻͺ
– ͻͳͪͶͳͽͳ΃͹; ΃͹;ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪ ΃͹;ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͪ ΃͹;ͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼ ͽ͹͵΃͹; ͫ;ͭ
ͪͶͳͳ
ͫͳͲ͸ͳͼ ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͳ ͫͳͲ͸ͳͼ ͵͹ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͫͳͲ͸ͳͼ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ͼͻͺ
– ͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼ ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͳ ͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼ
͵͹ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼ΁Ͱ͸ͽ΅ͻ ͫ;ͭ
ͳͽͯ̓͹ͯͿ͹͸Ͱͽͼ͵Ͱͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ
ͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͵ͻͳͺ΁ͳΒͳ ͺͪ JNBHF NBLFS EFBMFS ͺͻͰͶͪͲͰ ; ͳͷͳΘ ͷͰΒ͵Ͱͻ
ͯͳͶͰͻ ͼͻͺ
– ͳͷͳͯͱ ͷͰʹ͵Ͱͻ ͯͳͶͰͻ ͻ;ͼ
– ͳͷͳͯͱ ͷͰΒ͵΅ͻ ͯͳͶ΅ͻ ͫ;ͭ
– JNJEß NFKLFS EJMFS ͼͶ͹
ͬͰ͸
tͪ͠ͼͪ͸ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͭ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͽͻͪ͸ͼ͵ͻͳͺ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͻͰ΂ͳͺͶͰΒͼͽͰΒ΃͸ ͺͪͫͶͳ
͵ͻͳͶͰΒ΃͸ ͼͰ΃͸ ͸͹͸Ϳͳ͵΃͸ ͼͪΒͰ͸ͼͿͳ͵΃͸ Ͱͻ͵͹ͯͳ΃͸͍ͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹΃͸͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪͽͪ΂ͪ͸ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ;Ϳͳ͵ͼͪtion sion ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͰ;Ͳͳͷͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸<;ͺͰ͸ͭQSFTFOUBUJ
on – ͼͻͺͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͸ͭQSPNPUJPO– ͼͻͺͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒͪͰ͸ͭsession ͼͻͺͼͰͼͳΒͪ ͳͽͯ>i ͋Άͻͽ͹ͬͪ
ͼͽͻ–
̽ͪͽͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͲͪͺͪͱͰ͸ͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪΒͰͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ
ΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ;ͺͻ;ͼͼͪʹͰ͸ͼͿͳ͵΃͸ ͺͪͫͶͳ͵ͻͳͶͰʹ΃͸ͫ;ͭ ͼͪʹͰ͸ͼͿͳ͵΃΅͸ ͺ΅ͫͶͳ͵ͻͳͶͰʹ΃΅͸;͵ͻ
ͼͪʹͰ͸ͼ Ϳͳ͵΃͸ ͺͪͫͶJ͵ ͻͳͶͰʹ΃͸Ͳ Ͱ͸ͭ TDJFODF GJDUJPO QVCMJD SFMBUJPO
͋ͻͪ͸ͼͶͳͽͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ
΂Ͱͼͽ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪͽͰͼͰͺͻͰͷͪͰ͸ͭEPOPS CSPLFS QSFTFOU ͼͻͰΕͰͯ͹͸͹ͻ ͫͻ͹͵Ͱͻ
ͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ ͼͻͺ
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ͳͽͯ͆Ͱͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͼͺ͹;͵ͼͷͰ͸ ͳͼͺ͹͵ͼͷͰ͸ ͼͰͷͺͶ ͳͼͪͷͺͶ
̻
͋ͳͻͽ͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ
ͬͳͯͳ;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͳͽͻͪ͸ͼ͵ͻͳͺ΁ͳΒͰͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͶͳͽͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳͳ;ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ
͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͪͼͳͷͳͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ
5
͌ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΂͵͹ͷje ;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͳͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΁ͪCSPLFSBßB ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͺͻ͹ͬͳͲͳΒͪ

747
͇ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͫͻͰͬͳΒͪͽ;ͻͪ;΃ͪ͹ΒͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͰΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͽΒ͵ͪ͹
ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸ͽͳͬ͸ͰͶͰ͵ͼͰͷͰ ̀ͳͯͪͻ͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ
͇ͽ;ͯ;ͼͻͺ ͻ;ͼ ͫ;ͭ ͼͳͬͳ $7
;ͼͻͺΘͳͺͳ
ͻ;ͼͳͫ;ͭͯͱͳͺͳ (1
;ͼͻͺͳͫ;ͭͰͼͰͷͰͼ ͻ;ͼΈͼΈͷΈͼ 4.4
ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸FTFNFT ;ͼͻͺ ͫ;ͭ ͻ;ͼͺͳͪͻ
13
ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸QJBS̸͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͷͳͼ;͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹Ͳͪ͵ͳ͸;ͽͳͺͻͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ΒͼͰͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹Βͪͯͪͺ
ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ 4JMBØLJ ̀ͳͯͪͻ͹ͬͪ
ͫ;ͯ;Εͳͯͪ;ΒͰͲͳ͵;ͺͻͳͷͪ͹΁;ͳͷͪΒ;ͳͶͳͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ
ΔͰ ΃͹;
ͳͶͳͺͪ͵ͼ;ͱͰ͸͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͳͲ͸ͳͲͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ;Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͺͰͻ
Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼ ; ͼͻͺ ͺ΅ͻͿ͹ͻͷ΅͸ͼ ; ͫ;ͭ QFSGPSNBOT ; ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ QFSGPSNBODF
ͫͰͼͽͼͰͶͰͻ ; ͼͻͺ
ͫͰͼͽͼͰͶ΅ͻ ;ͫ;ͭ CFTUTFMMFS
ͿͰ΃͸ ;ͼͻͺ ͿͰ΃΅͸ ;ͫ;ͭ GBTIJPO
ͳͼͶ͉Ͱ΂͸ͳ΁ͳͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕͰ͸ͳ ͼ; ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͬͻͼͽ͹ͷ ͰͭͲ͹ͽͳͲͪͷͪ ͻ;ͼ ͼͻͺ ͫ;ͭ – ΀͹ͽͯ͹ͭ ΂ͳͲͫ;ͻͭͰͻ ͽ͹ͼͽ
ͽ͹ͼͽͰͻ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸– IPUEPH ǁJ[CVSHFS tost toster ͼͻͺͳͫ;ͭ΀ͪͷͫ;ͻͭͰͻ ͻ;ͼͭͪͷͫ;ͻͭͰͻ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸IBN
CVSHFS ͵ͪ͹ͳͳͼͽͳͷ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼ͹ͷͬͪͻͬͪͻͳͲͪͷͪ͹͵ͰΒ0, ͹͵Ͱʹ0, PLFK0, ͬͪ; WBV7 ͯͻ
͆͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷ͸ͳͼͳ͸͵ͻͰͽͳͲͪͷ͹ͯͻͪͲΒͰͺ͹Γ;Γͪ͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ– ͼͬͰͭͪ͹͸͹ͭͪͼͪ΂ͳͷͰͼ;ͼͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͺ;ͽ͹ͺͳͼ΁ͳΒ͹΃;ͯͰͬͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͷͬͰ͵;ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪͶͳ͸ͪ
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͳ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͯΔͳ΀ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͶ͹;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͼͷͰ΀ ͉ͰΓͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
̓ͪ͹ͳͲͻͪͲ
/FXBHF ͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸Ͱ͹͸ͳͷͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͰͳͶͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ ͼͶͳ͵ͪͻͼͽͬ;
͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͳ΃ͽ; ͪͽ͹ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸ͪͳͰͼͽͰͽͼ͵ͪͷͰ΃ͪͬͳ͸ͪ
͌͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷ͸ͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͳͼ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ ͺͪͻͪ
ͯ͹͵ͼͪͶͪ͸ͼͺ͹ΒͯͬͰΒ;ͷ͹ͯͪ– ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͯ;ͱͰͬͻͰͷͰͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹ΒͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳͳͱͰΓͪͯͪͼͰ
͹ͯͻͰͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͽ;ΌͰ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͯͰͶͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͯͰͶͪΔͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ͋ͪ͵ͪͬͷͪ͸ͳͻ;͹΂ΓͳͬΒͰ͸ͪͼͬͪ
͵͹ͷ ͵͹ͻͪ͵; – ; Βͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ; ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ̺͋ ͼͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͷ
ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͰΒͲͪͱ;ͳͯͻ;ͭͯͰ͋ͪ͵͹͸ͪͷͼͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͼ;ͭͰͻͳ΃ͰͯͪΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͫͳͽͳͯ͹ͫͪͻͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ
Ͷͪͬͪ΁ͪͯͳͬͳͽͳͼͰͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͪ͸ͽͳͲͷ; ͹͵;ͶͽͳͲͷ; ͹ͺͼͰ͸ͪͻͼͽͬ; ͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͳͫͰͼ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ͬ;Ͷͭͪ
ͻͪ͸ ΃ͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͰͷͳͼͳΒͪ΂ͳΒͪ ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͪͪͯͻͰͼͪͲͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ ͻͰ΂Β;
vece ͪ͵͹ΒͪͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͪ͵Ͷ;͵ͪͳͬ;ͶͭͪͻͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ
͵ͪ͹ͺ͹͵ͻͳΕͰͼͬ͹ͷͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͪ͵Ͷ;͵; ;ͼͶͰͯͳͽ͹ͫ͹ͱͰ͹ͲͫͳΓͪ͸ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͽͰͷͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͼͺ͹ͻͽͪͳ
ͯͻ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͳ;ͳͼͽ;ͻͪͬͪ͸ͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪͳ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ͼͺͪΒͪͽͳ͸Ͱͼͺ͹Βͳͬ͹͇ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳΒͰͲͳ΂
͵ͳͼͳ͸͵ͻͰͽͳͲͪͷͼͬͪ͵͹ΕͰ͸ͪΒͶͪ͵΃Ͱ;͹΂ͳͽͳ;ͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͰΒͲͪͱ;– ͸ͪͲͳͬͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ͸ͳ΀
;ͼͶ;ͱ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͳͲͯͪͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀ ͵;Εͪ ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͳ ͼͶ ̽;΀͹ͬ͸ͪ
;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͪͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷ
͸͹ͷͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰ;ͺͶͳͬ͹ͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͰΒͰͲͳ͵ͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀
ͽ;Όͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ– ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͽ͹ͺ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͬͪͻͬͪͻͳͲͪͷͪ ͰͭͲ͹ͽͳͲͪͷͪͳͽͯ ͵͹Βͳ;
ͼͺ͹Β; ͼͪ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͷͪΔͰ ͳͶͳ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺͻ;ͱͪΒ;ͼͶͳ͵;ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸ͰͳͰͼͽͰͽͼ͵Ͱͪ͸͹ͷͪͶͳΒͰͳ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͼͶͳ͵;ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͬͪͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͰ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͋Ͱͪ͸͹ͷͪͶͳΒͰͼͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹΂ͳͽ;Β;;ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͺ͹ΒͰͬͳͷͪͪ͸ͭͶͳ

͌ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΂͵͹ͷͳͺͪ͵ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͼ͵ͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ$7.
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JOEFYQIQGpevecslovenskijeziknamEPMPDBnasoJEFOUJUFUP

΁ͳͲͪͷͪͳͪͻ΀ͪͳͲͪͷͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳͲͪͷͪͳͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳͲͪͷͪ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪ ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ
ͯͰͶ;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ͹ͺͼͽ͹Βͪͬͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺ͹ͷ͹ͯ͸͹ ͺͻͳͼͰΕͪΔͰ͸ͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;ΒͰͲͳ΂͵;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;
͇ͽ;ͯ͸ͪͲͳͬͶͳͼͽͪ̓͹ͷͰͻͼͪ͸ͽ΅EBJMZ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͼ;΂ͰΓͪͬͪΒ;ͯͬͪͺͳͼͷͪ– ΕͳͻͳͶͳ΁ͪͳͶͪͽͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͬͰ
͹ͻͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ – ͻ;ͼ͵ͪ ͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͽͬͻͯͳ Ͳ͸ͪ͵ ͬͻͪΕͪ ͸ͪ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ΒͰ ͹͸ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͳͼ͸͹ͷ
ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷ͹ͷ ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ ͳͼͽͳͼ͸;ͽ ͇ͬ͹ ΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͷͰΌ; ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ́ ̓ͻΒ;͵͹ͬͪ
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ͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;ΒͰͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱͷ͹ͯͰ
͆ͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͪͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪΒͰ͸ͪͺͻͰͽͰ͵ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ
GBTU GPPE ͅͰ͵ ͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ ͼͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳͷ ͬͰͲ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͭͻͪͿͰͷͪͷͪ & ͳ by
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ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ; ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͳͷͰ͸ͪ ͻ;ͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͺͻ͹͵ ͭͻ;ͺͰ ́ͬͪ͸;΃͵ͳ*OUFSOBUJPOBM ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ΒͰ ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ ͼͪ
͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶ͸͹͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͲͪΒͷΓͰ͸ͳ΁͹ͷ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͰ͸ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͵ ͅͳͶ͹
ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͳͶͳͬͰΕͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭGBTUGPPEͅͰ͵ͅͳͶ;ͽͳ͸ ͸Ͱ;ͷͪΔ;ΒͰͽͰͱͳ͸;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;
ͽͰͰͼͽͰͽͼ͵ͰͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸Ͱͪ͸͹ͷͪͶͳΒͰ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪΒͰͼͽͰ
;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷͰ΃ͪͬͳ͸ͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͭͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͯͻ;ͱ;ΒͰͳ͸Ͱ͹͹ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͰͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͻͪ͸ͪͳ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͷͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪ͸ͪ ͸͹ͼͽͪͶͭͳΒͪͲͪtͺ;ͼͽͳͷͽ;ͻͼ͵ͳͷíͶ;ͼͽͻͪͽͳͬͪ͸
ͺͻͳͷͰͻΒͰͼͽͰ̺͋ͼͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͪͰͷͳͼͳΒ;ͅ͹Β̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͳͲͬͰ΂Ͱͻͳ;ͬͰ΂ͰͲͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͳͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵ͪ
ͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͬͳ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪΒͯ;ͫΓͳ΀ͻͪ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͺͻͰͼͽ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͼͪͼͬͰ΀ͪͻͰͷͼ͵͹ͷͺͪͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͪͼͳͶ
͸͹͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪ͹ͯͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͶͳ΁̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ͆Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰ̺͋ͼͽͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒ͹΃ͭ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;tͳͷͺͻͰͭ͸ͳͻͪ͸;iͼͻͰͯͪͺͻͰ;ͲͰͽͳͷͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͳ͸ͳͷͼͪͯͻͱͪ
Βͳͷͪͼ;ͬͳ΃͸͹ΒͰͳͺ͹ͷͳΔͪͽͳ
͈ͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ ͼ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ΂ͳΒͰ ;΂ͳ͸͵Ͱ͸ͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳͶ;ͼͽͻ;Β;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹΂ͳͽ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ; ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͳ͹͸ͪ͵͹ ͬͰΕ
ͳͲͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸͹ͭ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ t͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ;͹΂Γͳͬ͹Β ͼͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ΒͬͰͶͳ͵͹Βͽͳͺ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ΒͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͬͰͽΒͰͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͳͲͻͪͲͳͽͳΒͰͳͲͯͳͿͰ
ͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ ͫͻ͹ΒͰͷ ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ͸ͳ΀
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ ͳ ͻͪͼͺ͹͸͹ͷ ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͷͰΌ;ͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪi ͈ͳͺͰͻ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹
ΒͰͯͪΓͰͻͪͼͽͪ͵ͪΔͰͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ͫ͹ͻͫͰͲͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ΁ͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ
ͽ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͰͶͳͽͪΒͰ ͹ͼͶ;΃͵;Β;ΕͳͱͰΓͰͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ΃Ͷͪ;ͼ;ͼͻͰͽΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳͷ
ͼͰ΁Ͱͼͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳͷͪ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͷͪͶͪ͹ͼͶ͹͸ͪ΁Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱͳ

́ͼͺͳͽ;Β;Εͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ; ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ ;ͻͫͪ͸ͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹
ͻͰͼͪͬͼ͵ͳͷ ͳ ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͽͳͷ͹΂͵ͳͷ ͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ ͽͳͺ͹ͷ ͊͹ͿͳΒͪ ͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;
͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ;ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͯͪ t͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ – ͵ͪ͹ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͳͯͳ͹ͷ – ͫͳͬͪ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ ͳ ͺ͹ͱͰΓͪ͸
ͻͰͭͳͼͽͪͻ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺ͹ͼͬͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ Βͪͼ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪΒͪͬ͸Ͱ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ
ͯͪ ͼͰ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͷͶͪͯͰ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͳ΂; ͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͽΒ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͬͰͻ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͪͻͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͶͰ͵ͼͳ͵͹͸ͪ ͽΒ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰͭ Ϳ;͸ͯ;ͼͪ ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳ
Ͳͪͷͪͼͻͫ͹ͪ͸ͭͶͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͪi
9
͇͹ͬ͹ͷͰ΃ͳͻͰ;ͅͳͽͻ͉ͪͰΓͳΕͳ̹ͻͪ͸ͳͼͶͪͬͪ̽ͳͶͺͪͻͳΕ ͉ͪͼ͵͹ͻͪ͵ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͰͫͻͳͭͰ
Ͳͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;Ͱͻͭ͹͸ͳͷͳΒͰͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵Ͱͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁Ͱ
;΃ͽͪͷͺͳ

749
ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;ͺͻͬ͹ͷ΂Ͷͪ͸;͇ͺ΃ͽͳ΀͹ͯͻͰͯͫͳ͈͹ͬͰΓͰ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͳͷͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͊ͽͻͪͲͫ;ͻ
ͼͽ͹Βͳt͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͳͶͳΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪΔͳ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ
ΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱ<>͵͹Βͳͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ͹ͯͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͽͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂
͸͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͳͽͳΒͰͲͳ͵Ͱͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪi͈ͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ΒͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳͳͷͳͷ͹ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ
ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͼ;͸ͪͶͳͼͽ;ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͬͪΓͪͬ͹ͯͳͽͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸;ͫͻͳͭ;;ͬͻͼ
ͽͳͶͰ ͳ ͽͲͬ ͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͆ͳΒͰ ͽͰ΃͵͹ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ ͳ Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͹͸ͳ ͳͲ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ
ͷ͹Εͳ ͹ͬ; ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͳͼͶ; ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͻͳ΂;Ε; ͹ͯͶ;͵; ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͹ͫͰͻ;΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͆Ͱͯ;ͭ͹
ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͪͅͶͳ́Ό͹΃ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͷͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͳ΂ͳ͹ͼͰͳͽͲͬ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵
̽ͳͲͪΒ͸ͳͻͪΔͰͽ͹ͫ͹ͱͰͬͪΒ͵ͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͵ͻͳͬ͹ͽ
ͬ͹ͻͰΔͪtͺ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹Βͯ;ͫͳ͸ͳiͳͯ;ͯ͹ͽͶͰ͉ͯͪ͑͵ͻͳΒͰΓͽͲͬͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪtͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͷ
ͪ;ͽ͹΀ͽ͹͸ͳͷΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷiͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͭͼ;tͺͻ͹ͳͲͪ΃Ͷͳiͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͳ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵ͳ10 ̀ͪͽ͹ΕͰͷ͹ͼ͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͺͪͱΔ;
͸ͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͷͪͼ͹ͬΓͰΔͪ ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͽΒ ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹
΃ͳͻͰΔͰ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ΃ͽͰͽ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͌ͬͰΕͪͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪ ̹͹΃Δͪ͵ͪ ͺͪ
ͼͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͳͫͻ͹Βͪ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͽͰͷͰΓͳͶ͹ ͼͰ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹͸ͪͷͳͶͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͳͲͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͹ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬͰ͈͹ͽ͹ͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼ;ͼͬͳͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ;
ͳͼͶͪͷͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͲ̹ͪ͹΃Δͪ͵Ͱ ͽͪͷͪ͸͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;;ͬͻͰͷͰ͹ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͶͳͽͲͬ͋;ͻ͵
ͷͳͶͰͽ; ͳͶͳ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͬͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ΁ͳ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ͊ͻͫͰ ͺͻͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ;͵ͳͯͪΔ;͈ͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ
΃ͳΒͰͼͬͻͼͽͪͬͪ͸ͳ;͉;ͷͷͳͶͰͽ͆͹ͬͳͷͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͰͯͰ͹΁ͳ͸ͪ
Β;ͭ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͰ͵ͪͬ΁ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃ͰͯͳͭͶ͹ͼͳΒͪ
;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͸ͪͲͳͬͳͷͪ– ͭ͹ͻͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
͸ͪ΃ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͸ͪ΃͵ͳ
͵͹Βͳ ͹ͼͳͷͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽ͹ΒͬͰͻͳ ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ̹͹ͼ͸ͰͷͪͶ͹΃ͽͪͳͷͪ
Β;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͉ͰΓͳΕ ͼͽͻ–––
͈͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͰͰͽ͸͹Ͷͳ͸ͭͬͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ
΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͼͰͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ ͹ͯͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͪ ;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳͳͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹͋;ͻ΁ͳ
͊ͻͫͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͳ͵ͪ͹̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳ
ͪͳ͸ͽͳͷ͸͹ͼͰ͹ͼͰΕͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹̻͹ͻͪ͸΁ͳ ͸ͪ΃ͳ͸΁ͳ͆ͪ΃ͳ͸
΁ͳ ͽ͹ͻͫͰ΃ͳ ͋͹ͻͫͰ΃ͳ ͳ ͯͪΓͰ ͳͲ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ ̻͹ͻͪ͸΁Ͱ ͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵ͪ ͵͹ͶͰͫΓͳͬ͹ͼͽ
ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͳͼͬͪ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͷͳͷͳ͵ͻͳΒͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪͼͰͳ;ͫͻͪΒͪΒ;;ͽͲͬͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸Ͱ ͅͶͪͯͰ͸͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ–
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͹ͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͷ͸͹ͭͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͰͺͻͰͯ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰt͹ͯͶͳ͵;Β;΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸͹ͼͽ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ;ͱͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽͳ ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͭͻ;ͺ͸ͰͶ͹ΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͎͹ͻͬͪͽ ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽͰ͹ͯͶͳ͵ͰͺͻͰͯͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽ̸͎ͪ͹ͻͬͪͽ ͼͽͻ
ͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ;ΒͰ͵͹ͯͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ;̺͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͳ
ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͫͳͶͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͬͰͻ͹ͷ ͳ Β;ͱ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ t͆ͪͲͳͬͪ ͳ
;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ΃Ͱͼͽ̹;ΔͰͬ΁ͳ ͑͹͵΁ͳ ̽ͪͶͷͪ
ͽͳ͸΁ͳ ̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳ ͉ͪ΁ͳͳ́Ͷͳͻͳi͆ͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼ;;ͻͪͼͺ͹͸;͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ
ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͷͼͰͬͰͻ;ͳΒ;ͭ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ
Ͱͽ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪ͸Ͱ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;– ̹;ΔͰͬ΁ͳͳ͑͹͵΁ͳ;΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵; ͸ͪ΃ͳ͸΁ͳ͆ͪ΃ͳ͸΁ͳ ͊ͻͰ΂ͪ͸ͳ
ͳͶͳ͋͹ͻͫͰ΃ͳ;ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵;͆ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂ͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ΒͰ ;͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͻͪͲ͸ͳͷͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͻ΁ͪͽͳͷ
͵ͻͳͬ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰΔͳͷͪͳͳ͸ͼͳ͸;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ͌ͼͶͰͯ;
10
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͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͪ΀ͻͬͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̹ͪ;ΔͰͬͪ΁ͪͳ͑͹͵ͪ΁ͪͳͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͯ͹ͯͳͻͪͼͪ͊ͻͫͳͷͪ t<Ͱ>ͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰͺ͹Βͪ΂ͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵ͳͷ
ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷ ͷͪͻ͵Ͱͻͳͷͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ; ͺͻͬ͹ͷ ͻͰͯ; ͺͻͰͷͪ
ΕͳͻͳͶͳ΁ͳͳͺͻ͹ͼͶͪͬͳͼͬͰͽ͹ͭ͊ͪͬͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͳ΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ͵ͪi ͎͹ͻͬͪͽ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͪ ͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͷͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͰͯͰͶͪ΁ͪ ͽͻͪͭͪͶ͹ ͼͰ Ͳͪ
ͽ͹ͫ͹ͱΔͳͷͫ͹ͭ;ͷͳͶͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͷͪͳͼͶͪͷͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͪͲͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͬͰ͵͹
ͬ͸͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͶͪͱͰΔͰ͹͵ͻͳͬΓͪͬͪ͸ͳͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͊ͻͫͳ
͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͪͽ;Όͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͳͺͻͰͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳΒͪ ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ; ͹ͫͪ
ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͪͳͷͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸ͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͰΒͪ΂Ͱ͹ͺͳͻͪͶͰ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͬͰͻͼ͵ͰͳͶͳͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯ͸Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β̻͹ͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ11 ͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Β
ͬ͹Βͬ͹Όͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀̹;ΔͰͬͪ΁ͪ ;ͼͺͰͶͳͼ;ͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͷͰͳͯͪͼͰ ͺͻͬͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ
– ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͎͹ͻͬͪͽ ͼͽͻ
– ͺ͹ͼͶͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͸ͪͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳͲΒͪͼ
͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹̻͹ͻͪ͸΁ͳͳ̹;ΔͰͬ΁ͳ͇͸ͳͺͪ͵͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ͸ͪͻͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳͼ;ͳͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͳͷͰ– ̹;ΔͰͬͪ΂͵ͳ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ ̹͹΃Δͪ΁ͳͭ͹ͻͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͬͳ͸ͳΒͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͳͼͶ tͼͽͪ
ͫͳͶ͸͹ͳͯ;ͭ͹ͬͰ΂͸͹iͽͪͷͪ͸͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͼͪͷ͹͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ͈ͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ͼ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͺͻͰͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͷͪΔͳ͸ͰͽͰ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͳ͹ͫͻ͸;ͽͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ– ͼͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ
͊ͻͫͪ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ΒͯͻͱͪͬͳͳͶͳ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͭͯͰͼ;ͯ͹Β;΂ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͷͪΔͳ͸; ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ;ͲͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͯͰͼͰͽ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͷͪͼ͹ͬ
͸ͳͺͻ͹ͭ͹͸ ;ͫͳͼͽͬͪͳ͵ͳͯ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͪΔ͇ͪͫͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;ΕͰͼ;;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ͸ͪͻͰͯ;͵͹ͬͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ̀ͪͫͻͳΔͪͬͪΒ;ΕͰ ΒͰ ͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͯ͹͵ ͼ; ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͽͰͻͳ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸ͰͫͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ;ͺͳΔͪͶͳͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰͲͪ΁ͻͽͪ͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͳͼ;͸ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͳͯͪͼͪ΂;ͬͪΒ;͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͽͳ͇ͼͽͪͶͳͼ;
͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͯ;΃͸ͳ͸ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ ͺͪͳͷ͹ͶͫͰ;΂ͳͽͰΓͪͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͊ͻͰͯͪ΂͵͹Β
ͱ;ͺͳ ͯͪ ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͼͺͪͼͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͽͲͬ ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͽͰ ͯͪ ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
̻͹ͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ;͵Γ;΂ͳ ; ͼͬ͹Β ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬͪ ͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͸Ͱͷͪͻͪ ΒͰ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͪ͸ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ
͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ ͳͲ;ͲͰͬ ̹͹ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͸ͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵; ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ
ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͸͹ͭͳͳͲ͊ͻͰͯͪ΂͵Ͱͱ;ͺͰͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͰͷͳͻͰͼͪͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͼͬ͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳ
΃ͽ͹ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͪ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͯͰ΁ͪ
͹ͬͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͪͺ͹΀ͪΌͪΒ;΃͵͹Ͷ;͸ͪtͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;i͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΕͰͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͷͪͽͰͻΔͳ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͫ͹ͼͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
͈ͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͽͰͻͳͷͪͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
ͼͬͪ͵͹Βͪ͵͹ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;ͶͳͼͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͳͯͰ;ͺͻͪͬ΁;ͳͲͷͰ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ
Ϳͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ;ͺͻͬ͹ͷͻͰͯ;ͳͲͷͰ͸͹ͷͽ͹ͺ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪͲͳͬͪ ͷͰͷ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͪ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ΃͵͹
Ͷͪ ͹ͫͯͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͳͽͯ͆ͪΒͫ͹ΓͳͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓ͉ͪͪ΃͵ͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ ͼͪ͸Ͱ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸ͳͷͳ͸Ͱͽͪ΂͸ͳͷ
ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷ͊ͪ͸Θͪ͵t͆ͪͲͳͬ͊ͪ͸Θͪ͵Ͳͪͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬ͸ͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;͋;ͻͼ͵͹Β
;͵ͳ͸;ͽΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽ͹ͭͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪͽ͹ͭͺ͹Βͷͪ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ;ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷi ̻ͳͭ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳΒͰͯͳ͸͹;ͺ͹ͷ͹ͯ͸͹Β
11
͈ͻͰͷͪͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰΔ;ͼͪͷͳ΀̻͹ͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͹͵͹Δͳ΀ͺͻͳ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͶ͹ͼͰͫ͹΃Δͪ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼ;
751
ͽͲͬͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Β͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͊ͶͰͯ͹ͷͺ͹ͬͶͪΌͳͬͪΔͪͽ͹Β͵͹ͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ͸ͰͲͪͷͰͻͪΔͪ ͹ͯ
͊ͪ͸Θͪ͵ͪ ͼͰ ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ ͯ͹ ͷͰͷ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͪ ̸ΕͳͿ ͰͿͰ͸ͯͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪΔB ΃͵͹ͶͰ t͉ͪͼͽ͵͹ ͆ͰͷͪΔͳΕ
͊ͪͬͪi;t»FJL,BMJGBCJO;BKFEFM/BIKBOi ͹ͫͯͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͪt"CV%BCJiͳͽͯ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ
͵ͪ͹ͯͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ΕͳͶͳ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪΔͰͭ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͳͶͳͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳͼͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ
͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͷ ͸ͪ΃ͽͪ ͯͪͬͪͶͪ΁ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͻͪ΂;͸ͪ
ͽͪ͵ͬͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰΒ͹΃ͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͷͪͶͳ
ͼ;ͳͲͭͶͰͯͳͯͪΕͰͼͰͲͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͷͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪͻͰͬͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̺ͪͼͳͶ·Ͱͬͪ ̺ ͑ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪ ̸

͐Ͱ΃ͼ͵ͳʹΊͲΆ͵ͬ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͽΆͼΊ΂ͳͶͰͽͳͳ ͹ͫ΄ͪΊ΀ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ
͵ͪΊͲΆ͵͹ͬ͹ʹͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳͳͳͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳʹ
͊ͶͪͬΊ͸ͼ͵ͳʹͬͰͼͽ͸ͳ͵ ̺Άͺ –49.
ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ
̻ͳͭ͹ͬͳΕ ͡
̻Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͳͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͉ͪ΃͵Ͱ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ̺͹Β͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ ͺͻ͹ͶͰΕͰ

–135.
̀ͳͯͪͻ͹ͬͪ ̺
͆ͪͫͶΉͯͰ͸ͳΊ ͬ΅ͻ΀; ͸͹ͬͳͽͰ ͪ͸ͭͶͳʹͼ͵ͳ ͲͪͰͷ͵ͳ ͳ ͽΊ΀͸ͪͽͪ ͪͯͪͺͽͪ΁ͳΊ ͵΅ͷ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͪ͸ͪͫ΅Ͷͭͪͻͼ͵ͳΊ͵͸ͳͱ͹ͬͰ͸ͰͲͳ͵ ;̿͐͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͬͪ ̻̾Ͱͽ͹ͬͪ ͻͰͯ
͗ͫͳͶͰʹ͸ͳ͈ͪͳͼͳͰͬͳ
΂ͽͰ͸ͳΊ. ͆ͪ;΂͸ͳͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬͰ ͽ͹ͷ ͵͸ ͼ̸ͫ–49.
̓ͻΉ͵͹ͬͪ ́
͆ͪͲͬͪ͸ͳΊͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͰͶ͹ͬΆ΀͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬͼͽ͹΂͵ͳͲͻͰ͸ͳΊΊͲΆ͵͹ͬ͹ʹͷ͹ͯΆ
͖ͽ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ͹ͫ͹ͲͻͰ͸ͳͰ –ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪ
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͍ͳͶ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ̺Ͱͼͽ͸ͳ͵ ͆ͳͱͰͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͪ ͳͷ ͆͆ ̈́͹ͫͪ΂Ͱͬͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͆͹ͷ

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ͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͊
ͅ;Ͳͳ΂͵ͳͱͪͻͭ͹͸ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͳͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱ͸Άʹͷ;ͲΆ͵ͪͶ·͸ΆʹͼͶͰ͸ͭ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪ
ͽͳͬ͸ͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪͳͲͯͪΔͪ ͵Δͳ̹ͭͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ̾ͽ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ̸͊͆͌
ͅͳͶ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳΕ ͊
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ͽͳͷ͹΂͵͹ͺͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ;͊͋ͪ͸ͪͼͳΕ ;ͻ
̀ͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪͲͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ ̸͊͆͌ ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͳ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻ –
̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ:
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵̸͊͆͌
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̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪhttp://crKPVSOBMIUNMSVTKPVSOBMTIUNMK@JE
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̸͇͉͇̺̽͆́̈́͑͆͐̾́ͣ1
͊Ͷ;ͱͫͪͲͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͳͷ̺ͪͶͪͯͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
̸̸̸̸͉̈́̾̓͊͆̽͋͆͋́ͣ2
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̓ͻͪͭ;ΒͰͬ΁; ͈ͻͪͬ͸ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ

̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸̸͉͇͈͉̺͈͇͇́́̽͆͆́̈́̿͠͠
̸̸͇͎̹̈́̓̈́͆́͊̈́͌̿̾͆́̓

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳ

ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͳͺ͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͶͳ΁ͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ
ͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͻͰͱͳͷ; ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼͬ͹Β;ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͬͻ΃Ͱ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼ
ͽͰͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳͽ͹;ͽͳ΂;Εͳ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͹͸ͪ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͯͰΒͼͽͬͪ͸ͪͻͪͯͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͳͷͪ
Β;ͻͪͯΔͰͳͲͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͼͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͰΔͰͷͺͻͪͬͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ
ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ;ͻͪͯ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪ
ͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͬͻ΃ͰΕͳ͹ͼͬͻͽͳ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͼ
͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͼͽͪͽ;ͼ͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹;ͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͌Ͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͪ
ͬ͸͹ͭͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͳΕͰͳͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔͰͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ
͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪͯ;ͱ;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́: ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ
͸ͳ΁ͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
̸̸̸̸̸̺͇͉͉͌̽͆̀͋͢ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͶͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ ͬͰΕͰͳͶͳͷͪΔͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ͸ͪ
ͼͬͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺͪͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͳ͸ͪͻͪͯͳͻͪͯ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͉ͪͯ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͳͼ;
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͪ ͳ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͪ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͬͰΕ ͷ͹Ͳͪͳ͵ ͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ͹ͯ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳ
͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͬ͹ͷͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ;ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͹͸ͪͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͪͷͪ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͳ
1
EBOJMP.roncevic@gmail.com
2
aantic@jura.kg.ac.rs
755
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ͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ;Β;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷͺͻͪͬͪͼͬͳͷͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͶͳ΁ͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪ͵ͽͳͷͪͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͼͬͰ;͵;ͺ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͬͳͼͳ ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪ ;͵͹ΒͰͷ
ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;ͻͪͯͰ ͵͹ͳͷΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͳ͵͹ΒͰͷͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͻͰͱͳͷ;ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;
͆͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯͪ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͪΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͳ͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͻͪͯͪͳ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͺͻ͹
ͷͰΔͰ͸ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ; ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͷ ͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ; ͪͶͳ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ;
Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;̈́ͳ΁ͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;΂ͳ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸;΃ͳͻ͹͵;ͼ͵;ͺͳ͸; ͵͹Βͪͳͷͪ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁Ͱ ͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰͳͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰ́ͪ͵͹ͼͰ;͵ͻͪΒΔ͹ΒͶͳ͸ͳΒͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͲͪͻͪͯͪ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪͳͲͫ;ΘͰͽͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ
͆ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͯͰ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;΂ͳ͸ͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ͇͸ͳ
ͼ; ΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ Βͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͷ ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ ͯͪ ͼͶ;ͱͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͠͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͪ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͬͻ΃ͰΔͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ
;ͲͷͰͷ͹ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸;͵͹ͷͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͬͻ΃ͳΒͪͬ͸;ͼͶ;ͱͫ;
ͷͰΌ;
ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͷͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͺͪͯͪΒ;;ͼ͵;ͺΒͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͳͶͰͫͳͼͰͯͬͰ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͭͻ;ͺͰ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳt͈͹ͯΒͪͬ͸ͳͷͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͼͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;
ͼͪͷ͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͰΕͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͽͰͶͪi ̓͹ͼͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΔͰͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀; Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸͹ΒͰ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹΃Ε;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͲͬͳͻͰͳͲΒͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ͵͹Βͳ
ͷͪͳ΀ΒͰͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͶͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹ͶͪͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͰͼͳͶͰ̽ͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼ
ͶͰ͸ͳ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͲΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͰͼΔͳͷͪ ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͶͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ͹ͻͭͪ
͸ͳͷͪͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͲΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷͼΔͳͷ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͼͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;ͳͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ͹ͫͳͷ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳ ͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͫͳ
ͽ͸ͳΒ;ͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪͫͳͼͷ͹ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽΒͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ΒͰͯ͸ͳͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͪͳͲΔͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳ
̽ͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ Βͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰͻ ͸ͺͻ ͷ͹ͭ; ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͽͳ ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰ ͳ ;
Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪͶͳ΃ͳͽͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͯ͹͵ͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͽ͹
͸ͳΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͇͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͰ͸ͳΒͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͳͷͪͳͷ͹ͭ;ͳͼͽ;ͺͪͽͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹
ͺͻͰͷͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹;͹͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪͲͪ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪͳͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀
Ͳͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ
́ͲͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͷ͹ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͳͲ͸ͰͶͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͰͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹
ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͻͪͯ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ ;ͬͰΕ͹ΒͳͶͳͷͪΔ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ
͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͇͸ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͹͸ͳ ͬͻ΃Ͱ ͳ ͷͰΔͪ ͼͰ ;
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽ͹̻ͭͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͶͳ ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͳͲͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ

͉͇̺͆͐̾́ͣ ̸̻͆͋́ͣͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Β;ͬͻ΃ͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͼͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪΒͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͪΕͰͷ͹ͯͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷ͹;͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵;ͻͪͯͪ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸̸̸͈͉͇͍͇́́̾͊́͆̈́́̀͠͏̸́͠ ̸͈͇̽̾̈́́͋́̀͏̸́́͠
̸̸̸̸͈͉͇͇͇͎̹̾͆͆̽̈́̾̿͆͊͋́̈́̓̈́͆́͊̈́͌̿̾͆́̓ͅ
̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͳͲ͸ͰͶͳ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱ
ͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰͼͽͰ;ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Β͹ͷͼ;͹͸ͳͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͬͰ͸ͳ̓͹ͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ ;
ͷͪΔͰͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸͹ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͪͳͯͪΓͰͼͷͪΔ;ΒͰ
̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͼͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͷͰΔͪ ; ͼͷͰͻ;ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͹͸ͳͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹
ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ΁ͳΓͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͼͰͻͬͳͼͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͱͳͬͰ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͶͳ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͳ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳΔͰ͸͹ͭJNQFSJVNͪ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ;ͺͻ;ͱͪΔ;;ͼͶ;ͭͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪ
ͯͪͳͷ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪΒ;ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͌ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹΁ͳΓͰͬͳ͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸ͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰͯͰͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ̽Ͱͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͹ͯͽͻͰ
͸;ͽ͵ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͰΔͪ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͲͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͬͰΕ
ͳͲͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵Ͱ̽Ͱͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͽͳͳͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͷͰͻͳ;͵͹Β͹Βͫͳͼͷ͹
ͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪΒͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͷ͹͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬ;;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸ͰͷͪͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͳͻͪͯͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ
΀͹ͯ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͼͪͷͳ΀ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ΁ͪ ; ͽ͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ΃ͽ͹
ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͽΔ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;
͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͼͽͰͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ
͸ͪͻͪͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵͇ͪ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͶ͹ΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬͰ ;ͺͶͳͬ͹ͷ;ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͯͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱ ͳ ͭͻ;ͺ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͸ͪ;΃ͽͻͫ Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳ
͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ ΂ͳΒͰͷ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͼͬ͹ͭͪͻͪͯͪͽͰͱͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ; ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔ; ͯͰͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͳͷͪͽͳ ͳ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ ͪͶͳͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͌ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ΒͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ ;͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔ;
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ̺ͪͻ΃ͰΔͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ͸Ͱͼͺ͹Βͳͬ͹ΒͰͼͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰͷͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͼΒͪͬ͸͹ͷͼͶ;ͱͫ͹ͷͳ
ͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͲͪͫͻͪΔ;Β;ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͪͼͬͰͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ #SBFOEMF ͼͽͻ

͋Ͱ͵ͽͪͯͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͲͪ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͯͰͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̓ͪͯͪͼͰ ;ͼͶ;ͱͫ;ͫͳͻͪΒ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͼ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͳͷͲ͸ͪΔͳͷͪͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͹͸ͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;Β;͸ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ͭ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͳͷ ͺͻͰͼͽͪΒͰ ͳͲ
ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;ΕͰ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͼΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹΃Ε;
757
͹͸ͯͪͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ ͽΒ; ΔͰͷ;͸Ͱͷͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ͵Ͱͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ͸ͪͻͪͯͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͶͳΒͰ ͹͸Ͳͪ͸ͰͷͪͻΓͳͬ 4UBOPWB
ͼͽͻ–

͈ͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͺͪ͵ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹Ͳͪͻͪͯͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹ͼͽͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵͈ͪ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͷͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹
ͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪ͌ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼͪ͸ͻͪͯ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͫͳͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸;ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
͈ͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸;ͼͶ͹ͬͲͪͬͻ΃ͰΔͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪͳͲ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͫ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͹͸ͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͈͹ΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͰ
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ;ͯͰͶ͹͵ͻ;ͭ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪΒͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͶͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ
͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͫͳͽͳͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͰͷͪ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ;ͼͶ;ͱ͸ͳ ͪ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ
͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ΒͰͼͽͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ
Β;Εͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪ͵͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ ͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵͇ͪͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬͪ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͪͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸ΒͰ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀
ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸ͪͳͼͽͪͶ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ
͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͯ͹Εͳ;͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͯͰͺͻ͹
ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͯͰ͸ͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͪ΂͵ͳͷͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͷͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͪ΃Δͳͷͪ
͸ͪΒ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳΒͰͼͽͪͶ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪ ͼ͹ͫͲͳ
ͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͻͪΒ;͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;ͺͻͪͬͪͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ 0PSEFHSBBG
4UFFO 5XJTU ͼͽͻ–

͈͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͬͳ΀ ͺͪͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸ͪ;
ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ͳͶͳͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͳ΀΂Ͱͼͽ͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;ͬͰͶͳ
͵ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵Ͷͪͼͪ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͻͪͼͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ;ΔͳͷͪΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ
΀͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͯͻͱͪͬͰ #FSNBO ͼͽͻ

̸͇̹̈́̓̈́͆́͊̈́͌̿̾͆́͏̸̸̸̸͇͇͈͉̻͉͚́́̽͆͊̾͆́ͅͅ
͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹͸ͪͬͰͶͳ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳͷͻͰͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͼͪͼ
ͽ͹ΒͰͻͪͯΔͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͸ͰͷͪΒ;͹͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͻͪͯΔͰͯͻͱͪ
ͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͬͳͯΓͳͬͳΒͰͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ͹ͺͳͺΓͳͬͳΒͰ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͳ
ͷͪΒ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͳͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷΒͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͲͪͯͻͱͪͬ;ͬͰΕͳ̻ͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪΕͰͬͳ΃Ͱ
͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͼͽͳ ͼͺ͹ͻ͹ ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ Ͳͪ ͳͲͯͪͬͪΔͰ ͭͻͪΌͰ
ͬͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͰͳͶͳ͸ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹;ͻͰΌͰ͸Βͪͬ͸ͳͺͻͰͬ͹Ͳ ͹ͯ͸ͰͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͲͪͺ͹ͼ
ͶͰ͸ͳ΀;ͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͳͶͳ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͯͪΒ;ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͰͲͪ;ͬ͹ͲͭͻͪΌͰͬͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱͻ͹ͫͰ
̀ͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͳͲ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͼ;͹ͯͰͼͰ͸
΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ̸ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͼ;͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽ

ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹Β ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͼ; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸Ͱ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͻͪͲͷͰ͸ͪ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳ
ͽͳΒͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰͱ͇ͪͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͪ;
͹͵ͬͳͻ;ΔͰͭͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͰͼͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹ͱͰ ͫͳͽͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͵ͪ͹
ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰͼ;ͳͯͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹Ͳͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ
ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼ;ͫͰͼͺͶͪͽ͸Ͱ ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸ͰͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ
͸ͰͲͪ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ #POTÓO 3PZP 3BULBJ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;
ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΂Ͱͼͽͪ ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͹͸ͳ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ; ͸ͰͷͪΒ; ͯ͹ͯͳͻͪ ͼ
ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͽͰͼͰͼͽ͹ͭͪ͹͸ͪ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳͷͺ;ͽͰͷ
ͺͳͼͷͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͳͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸Ͱ

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰͱͪͳͲͷͰ
Ό;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͈͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͻͰ
ͱͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͷ͹ͭ; ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͽͳ ͼ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͳ ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͽͳ ͳͷ ΀ͳͽ͸ͪ
͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͰΔͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͫͳͽ͸͹;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͬͪ͸ͻͰͯ͸ͳͷ ͽΒ͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͪ
΃ͽ͹͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͺͻͪͬͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱͳ͸ͪͫ͹Γͳͻͪͯ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ (SBIBN "WFSZ 1BSL ͼͽͻ–
͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͷͻͰͱͪ ͳͶͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ
ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ ͳͷͰΒͶͪ
͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͽͳ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸; ; ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͹͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪ ͻͪͯͳ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ ͽ͹͵ͪͳ͹͵͹͸΂ͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͷͺͻͪͬͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͪͶͳ
ΒͰͷ͹ͱͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳΒ͹ͷͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒ͹ͷ
̓͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͷͻͰͱͪ ΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ; ͼͬ͹ͷ ͸ͪΒͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͷ ͹ͫͶͳ͵; ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ; ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵͹Β ͬͶͪͯͳ
eHPWFSONFOU
̾ͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͪ ͬͶͪͯͪ ͳͶͳ ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͪ ;ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͪ
ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱ
ͽͪ͏ͳΓ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪΒͰͼͽͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͰͿͳ͵ͪ
ͼ͸͹ͼͽͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͳͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪͻͪͯͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ̾ͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪ ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͷ͸͹ͭͰ;ͼͶ;ͭͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳΒͳͷ ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ
ͼͽͬ͹ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͻͪͯ͹ͷ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ ͳͪ͵͹ ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͷ
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͽͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͶͳ΂͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ #FSHFS
)FSU[VN 4DISFJCFS ͼͽͻ–

ͅͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ;ͭͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͺͻ;ͱͳͽͳ ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ΔͰ͸ ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶ Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͆ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶ; ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ ͸ͪ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͷ͹ͭ;ͬͳͯͰͽͳͼͬͰ;ͼͶ;ͭͰ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͺͻ;ͱͰ͸ͰͫͰͲ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹Βͪͷt;ͼͶ;ͭͪi;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͪͰ;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͷͪͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹΃ͳͻͳͼͷͳͼͪ͹
͹ͯ͹͸͹ͭͪ͵͹Βͳͷ;ͼͰͺͻͳͯͪΒͰ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔ; ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͯΔͳͷ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪ
Β;ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ͹ͼͬͰ͹͸ͰͻͪͯΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͳ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ
759
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͪ ;ͶͪͭͪΔͰ ͱͪͶͫͰ ͺͻͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͷ͹ͶͫͰ ͺ͹ͯ͸͹΃ͰΔͰ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͳ ͺͻͳͽ;ͱͫͳ

ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͪ ͫͰͲ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ
΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͶͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͪͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͶ;ͱͫͰ
͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͌ͼͺͰ΀ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬͰͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͼͪͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸͹΃Ε;
ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Ε͹ͷ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹΃Ε;
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ̈́ͪ͵ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺ͹ͻͽͪͶ;ͳͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳͷ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͷͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪͺͻͰ
ͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͻͲͳ͸ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͫͰͼͺͶͪͽͪ͸ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͼͪͷ͹
ͼ; ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͹ͯ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͹ͯ ͵͹Βͳ΀ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͻͽͪͶͪ ͳ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ
1JFIMFS 3JFHFS %BJTFS ͼͽͻ–

͇ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͬͰͭͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͫͳͽ͸ͳ΀
ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͼͽͪͽ;ͼͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵͇ͪͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͲͪͽ͹ΒͰͼͽͰ΁ͳΓͬͻ΃ͰΔͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ;Βͪͬ
͸͹ͷ ͽΒ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ ͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ; ͬͰͲͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͰͼͰ͸΁ͳΒ;
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸Ͱ΂ͳ͸ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͬͰΕ;ͼͶ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͪ ͼͰͼͽ͹ͭͪ͹͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕ;Β;
ͼͪͼͰͻͬͳͼ͹ͷͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭ͸;ͽͳͯͪΒͰͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͻͪͯΔͳ͵͹ΒͰ͹͸ͳ͹ͫͪͬ
ΓͪΒ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹΃Ε;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ
̸͇̹̈́̓̈́͆́͊̈́͌̿̾͆́͏͉̹́͌͊́́͠
͌͊ͻͫͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼ͵͹Βͳ;ͻͰΌ;ΒͰͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ
͵ͪ͋͹ ΒͰ̀ͪ͵͹͸ ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ
̀ͪ͵͹͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ
͸ͳͭͶBͼ͸ͳ͵͉͊i ͫͻ͹Β

͈͹ͯͰͶͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
͌΂Ͷͪ͸;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;
ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͸ͪͳͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶͪ΂͵ͪͻͪͯ
͸ͪͷͰͼͽ͇ͪͼ͸͹ͬͲͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸;ͺ͹ͯͰͶ;ͼ;ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪͳ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͼͪͼͬͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͯΔͳ΀
̺ͶBͯBΒͰ͌ͻͰͯͫ͹ͷ͹͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪͲͪͻͪͲͬͻͼͽͪͬͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͳͷͰͻͳͶͳͷͪͲͪ͹ͺͳͼͻͪͯ
͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͌ͻͰͯͫͪ͹
͵ͻͳͽͰͻͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪͲͪͻͪͲͬͻͼͽͪͬͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͳͷͰͻͳͶͳͷͪͲͪ͹ͺͳͼͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;
ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ ͭͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ ͉͊i ͫͻ͹Β

ͫͶͳͱF;ͻFͯͳͶͪ͵ͻͳͽFͻͳK;ͷFͲBͻBͲͬͻͼͽBͬBΔFͻBͯ͸ͳ΀ͷFͼͽBͳͷFͻͳͶBͲBPͺͳͼͻBͯ͸ͳ΀ͷFͼͽB
ͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B͈PͶPͱBKͳͳͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶB΂͵BͻBͯ͸BͷFͼͽBͻBͲͬͻͼͽBͬBK;ͼFͯBͫͳͼFͳͼ͵BͲBPΔͳ΀PͬͲ͸B
΂BKͳͯPͺͻͳ͸Pͼ;PͼͽͬBͻͳͬBΔ;͸BͯͶFͱ͸PͼͽͳPͯ͸Pͼ͸PͺPͼͶPͬBB;ͽP͸Pͷ͸FͺP͵ͻBKͳ͸F KFͯͳ͸ͳ΁F

ͶP͵BͶ͸FͼBͷP;ͺͻBͬFͳͭͻBͯͼ͵FPͺ΃ͽͳ͸F͈PͶPͱBKͳͳͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶB΂͵BͻBͯ͸BͷFͼͽB;ͻFΌ;K;ͼF;ͺͻB
ͬͳͶ͸ͳ͵; P PͻͭB͸ͳͲB΁ͳKͳ ͳ ͼͳͼͽFͷBͽͳͲB΁ͳKͳ ͻBͯ͸ͳ΀ ͷFͼͽB ; B;ͽP͸Pͷ͸PK ͺP͵ͻBKͳ͸ͳ KFͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͶP͵BͶ͸FͼBͷP;ͺͻBͬFͳͭͻBͯͼ͵PKPͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
̀BPͫBͬΓBΔFͺPͼͶPͬBͻBͯ͸PͭͷFͼͽBPͯͻFΌ;K;ͼF;ͼͶPͬͳͺͻFͷBͬͻͼͽͳͳͼͽFͺF͸;ͼͶPͱF͸Pͼͽͳ
ͺPͼͶPͬB͵PKͳͼFͺͻFͽFͱ͸PPͫBͬΓBK;͸BͽPͷͻBͯ͸PͷͷFͼͽ; ͵BPͳͯPͯBͽ͸ͳ;ͼͶPͬͳ;ͺPͭͶFͯ;PͯͻF
ΌF͸ͳ΀Ͳ͸BΔBͳͬF΃ͽͳ͸BͺPͽͻFͫ͸ͳ΀ͲBPͫBͬΓBΔFͺPͼͶPͬBͻBͯ͸PͭͷFͼͽB͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͬͻ
ͼͽͪͬͪΔͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͷ͹ͻͪͼͰͬPͯͳͽͳͻB΂;͸BPͺPͲ͸BͬBΔ;KFͲͳ͵BͳͺͳͼBͷB͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸ͳ΀ͷBΔͳ
͸B ͵BP ͺPͼFͫ͸Pͭ ;ͼͶPͬB ͲB PͫBͬΓBΔF ͺPͼͶPͬB ͸B P͸ͳͷ ͻBͯ͸ͳͷ ͷFͼͽͳͷB ͵PKB ͼ; Pͯ Ͳ͸B΂BKB ͲB
PͼͽͬBͻͳͬBΔFͺͻBͬBͭͻBΌB͸B͸BͼͶ;ͱͫF͸;;ͺPͽͻFͫ;KFͲͳ͵BͳͺͳͼBͷB͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸ͳ΀ͷBΔͳ͸B̓BP
;ͼͶPͬͲBPͫBͬΓBΔFͺPͼͶPͬBPͯͻFΌF͸PͭͻBͯ͸PͭͷFͼͽB;B;ͽP͸Pͷ͸PKͺP͵ͻBKͳ͸ͳ KFͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͶP͵BͶ͸F
ͼBͷP;ͺͻBͬFͳͶͳͭͻBͯͼ͵PKPͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͷPͱFͼFͺͻPͺͳͼBͽͳͺPͶPͱF͸ͺPͼFͫB͸ͼͽͻ;΂͸ͳͳͼͺͳͽ
͈ͻͳͶͳ͵Pͷ;ͻFΌͳͬBΔB͵ͻͳͽFͻͳK;ͷBͲBͻBͲͬͻͼͽBͬBΔFͻBͯ͸ͳ΀ͷFͼͽBͳͷFͻͳͶBͲBPͺͳͼͻBͯ͸ͳ΀
ͷFͼͽB ͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B ̺ͶBͯB ΒF ͺPͼFͫ͸P ͬPͯͳͶͪ ͻB΂;͸B P ͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸Pͷ ͼBͼͽBͬ; ͼͽB͸Pͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬB ͳ
PͯͭPͬBͻBK;ΕPKͲBͼͽ;ͺΓF͸PͼͽͳͺͻͳͺBͯ͸ͳ͵B͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸ͳ΀ͷBΔͳ͸BͻBͯͳͺPͼͽͳͲBΔBͺ;͸FͻBͬ͸Pͺ
ͻBͬ͸Pͼͽͳ ͳͲͷFΌ; ͺͻͳͺBͯ͸ͳ͵B ͸B΁ͳP͸BͶ͸F ͷBΔͳ͸F ͳ ͭͻBΌB͸B ͵PKͳ ͺͻͳͺBͯBK; ͬFΕͳ͸ͳ ͆ͪ ͽͪΒ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪͻͪͲͬͻͼͽͪͬͪΔͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪ;ͬ͹ͯͳͺ͹ΒͪͷͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͫͳͻ͹
͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Βͪͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼͪͼͽͪͬͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͷͼͪͼͽͪͬ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹ΒͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͬͻ΃Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ
͉Bͯ͸BͷFͼͽBͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B ;ͼͶPͬͳͲBͲBͺPͼͶFΔF͸BΔͳͷBͳͫͻPKͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵BPͯͻFΌ;K;ͼFͺͻB
ͬͳͶ͸ͳ͵PͷPPͻͭB͸ͳͲB΁ͳKͳͳͼͳͼͽFͷBͽͳͲB΁ͳKͳͻBͯ͸ͳ΀ͷFͼͽB̽BͫͳͼFͺPͺ;͸ͳͶPͼͶPͫPͯ͸PͻBͯ͸P
ͷFͼͽPͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵BͺPͽͻFͫ͸PKFͯBKFP͸PͺͻFͯͬͳΌF͸PͺͻBͬͳͶ͸ͳ͵PͷͳͯBKFΔFͭPͬPͺPͺ;ΔBͬBΔF
ͺͻFͯͬͳΌF͸P͵BͯͻPͬͼ͵ͳͷͺͶB͸Pͷ
́Ͳͬͻ΃ͳͶB΂͵BͻBͯ͸BͷFͼͽBͻBͲͬͻͼͽBͬBK;ͼFͺPͲͬBΔͳͷB ;ͲBͬͳͼ͸PͼͽͳPͯͼͶPͱF͸PͼͽͳͳPͯͭP
ͬPͻ͸PͼͽͳͺPͼͶPͬB ͺPͽͻFͫ͸ͳ΀Ͳ͸BΔBͳͼͺPͼPͫ͸Pͼͽͳͳ;ͼͶPͬBͲBͻBͯ̀ͬͪΔͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ
͵ͪ ͸͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͼ; ΂Ͷ – ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͹ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ ; ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͉Bͯ͸P ͷFͼͽP ͻ;͵PͬPͯͳP΁B ;͸;ͽͻB΃ΔF PͻͭB͸ͳͲB΁ͳP͸F KFͯͳ͸ͳ΁F ͸F ͷPͱF
ͫͳͽͳͻBͲͬͻͼͽB͸P;ͲͬBΔF͸ͳͱFPͯͲͬBΔBPͼͽBͶͳ΀ͻBͯ͸ͳ΀ͷFͼͽB;ΔPK̀ͬBΔBͼ;ͼBͷPͼͽBͶ͸ͳͼBͬF
ͽ͸ͳ͵ ͼBͬFͽ͸ͳ͵ ͷͶBΌͳͼBͬFͽ͸ͳ͵ ͼBͻBͯ͸ͳ͵ ͷͶBΌͳͼBͻBͯ͸ͳ͵ ͬͳ΃ͳͻFͿFͻF͸ͽ ͻFͿFͻF͸ͽͳͷͶBΌͳ
ͻFͿFͻF͸ͽ ́Ͳ;ͲFͽ͸P ; PͻͭB͸ͳͷB B;ͽP͸Pͷ͸F ͺP͵ͻBKͳ͸F ͳ ̻ͻBͯB ̹FPͭͻBͯB ;ͽͬͻΌ;KF ͼF ͳ ͲͬBΔF
ͬͳ΃ͳͼBͬFͽ͸ͳ͵
͊ͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ
͇ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ
͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͱͰΓͰͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪͯͪ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͰͷͺͻͪͬͪ
ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͳͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͻͪͯ
Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳΒͪͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͼͷͪΔͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ;͵͹ͻ;ͺ
ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͇͸Ͱ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ; ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ Βͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͸ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͳ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
ͯ͹ͫͻͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ΃ͽͳͽͳ ;͹ͬ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͬͪͭ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳΒͪͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ͵ͪ͹ΔͰ͸

ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͊ͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ;ͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͰ
΂Ͷ–̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ
͊Ͷ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵͸FͼͷFͯBͺͻͳͷͳͺP͵ͶP͸;ͬFͲͳͼͬͻ΃FΔFͷͼͬPKͳ΀ͺPͼͶPͬB ͳͲ;ͲFͬͺͻPͽP͵PͶBͻ
͸PͭͳͶͳͺͻͳͭPͯ͸PͭͺP͵ͶP͸BͷBΔFͬͻFͯ͸Pͼͽͳ ͸ͳͽͳͫͳͶP͵B͵ͬ;;ͼͶ;ͭ;ͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭ;͵PͻͳͼͽͲBͼFͫF
ͳͶͳͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͺPͬFͲB͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁B͊Ͷ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵͸FͼͷFͯB͵PͻͳͼͽͳͻBͯ͵PͯͺPͼͶPͯBͬ΁BͯBͫͳ;ͽͳ΁BP
͸BPͼͽͬBͻͳͬBΔFͼͬPKͳ΀ͺͻBͬBͳͶͳͺͻBͬBͼͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͺPͬFͲB͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁B͆BPͯͻFΌͳͬBΔF͵ͻ;ͭBͺPͬFͲB
͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁B ͳ ͸B ͺͻͳKFͷ ͺP͵ͶP͸B ͺͻͳͷFΔ;K; ͼF ͺͻPͺͳͼͳ ͵PKͳͷB ͼF ;ͻFΌ;KF ͼͺͻF΂BͬBΔF ͼ;͵PͫB
ͳ͸ͽFͻFͼB
͊Ͷ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵KFͯ;ͱB͸ͯBPͼͬPͷͯPͯBͽ͸PͷͻBͯ;PͫBͬFͼͽͳͺPͼͶPͯBͬ΁B͊Ͷ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵ͷPͱF ;Ͳ
ͺͳͼͷF͸;ͼBͭͶBͼ͸PͼͽͺPͼͶPͯBͬ΁B ͬB͸ͻBͯ͸PͭͬͻFͷF͸BͯBͻBͯͳͲBͯͻ;ͭPͭͺPͼͶPͯBͬ΁BB͵PͯPͯBͽ͸ͳ
ͻBͯ͸ͳKFͲBͫͻBΔF͸ͺPͼFͫ͸ͳͷͲB͵P͸PͷͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͺͻPͺͳͼPͷ B͵P͸FͼͽͬBͻBͷPͭ;Ε͸Pͼͽͼ;͵PͫB
ͳ͸ͽFͻFͼBͳͶͳ͸F;ͽͳ΂F͸B͸FͺͻͳͼͽͻBͼ͸PͼͽͻBͯBͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B͊BͭͶBͼ͸PͼͽͲBͯPͯBͽ͸ͳͻBͯͼͶ;ͱͫF
͸ͳ͵BͯBKFͺPͼͶPͯBͬB΁͊BͭͶBͼ͸PͼͽͺPͼͶPͯBͬ΁B͸ͳKFͺPͽͻFͫ͸BͲBͯPͯBͽ͸ͳ͸B;΂͸PͳͼͽͻBͱͳͬB΂͵ͳ
ͻBͯ PͫKBͬΓͳͬBΔFB;ͽPͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͯFͶBͳͻBͯ ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸P;ͷFͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ΀;ͷB͸ͳͽBͻ͸ͳͷ ͼͺPͻͽͼ͵ͳͷͳ
ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷ;ͯͻ;ͱFΔͳͷB͈PͼͶPͯBͬB΁ͷPͱFͲBͫͻB͸ͳͽͳͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͳͻBͯͲͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪͼͪͭͶͪͼ
͸͹ͼͽB͵PͼFΔͳͷFP͸FͷPͭ;ΕBͬBͳͶͳPͽFͱBͬBͻBͯͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B ΃ͽFͽͳ;ͭͶFͯ;ͺPͼͶPͯBͬ΁B Pͯ͸Pͼ͸P
ͼͽͬBͻBͷPͭ;Ε͸Pͼͽͼ;͵PͫBͳ͸ͽFͻFͼBͳͶͳ;ͽͳ΂F͸B͸FͺͻͳͼͽͻBͼ͸PͼͽͻBͯBͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B0ͯPͯBͽ͸Pͷ
ͻBͯ;ͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B͸BͺPͶPͱBK;PͯͶ;΂;KFPͻͭB͸͸BͯͶFͱB͸ͲBΔFͭPͬPͺPͼͽBͬΓFΔF
͊Ͷ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵͸FͼͷFͯBͫ;ͯFPͼ͸ͳͬB΂ͺͻͳͬͻFͯ͸Pͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬB ͺͻFͯ;ͲFΕB KBͬ͸FͼͶ;ͱͫF ͸ͳͽͳͯB
ͼFͫBͬͳͺͻFͯ;ͲFͽ͸ͳ΃ͽͬPͷ͆BͺͻF͸Pͼ;ͺͻBͬΓB΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻBͬB;ͺͻͳͬͻFͯ͸Pͷͼ;ͫKF͵ͽ;͸Bͯͻ;ͭPͶͳ΁F
ͺͻͳͷFΔ;K;ͼFͺͻPͺͳͼͳ͵PKͳͷBͼF;ͻFΌ;KFͼͺͻF΂BͬBΔFͼ;͵PͫBͳ͸ͽFͻFͼBͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͬͻ΃FΔͪKBͬ͸ͳ΀
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳKB͊Ͷ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵KFͯ;ͱB͸ͯBͺPͯBͽ͵FPͶͳ΁;͸B͵PKFKFͺͻF͸FP;ͺͻBͬΓB΂͵BͺͻBͬBͳͯP͵BͲFP
Δͳ΀PͬPͷ ͺͻF͸Pͼ; ͯPͼͽBͬͳ ͺPͼͶPͯBͬ΁; B ͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵ ͸B ͺPͶPͱBK; "ͭF͸΁ͳKͳ ͲB ͫPͻͫ; ͺͻPͽͳͬ
͵Pͻ;ͺ΁ͳKF
͊Ͷ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵ KF ͯ;ͱB͸ ͯB ͸FͺPͼͻFͯ͸Pͭ ͻ;͵PͬPͯͳP΁B ͺͳͼͷF͸P PͫBͬFͼͽͳ P ͼͬB͵Pͷ ͳ͸ͽFͻFͼ;
͵PKͳP͸ ͳͶͳͼΔͳͷFͺPͬFͲB͸PͶͳ΁F ͷPͱFͳͷBͽͳ;ͬFͲͳͼBPͯͶ;͵Pͷ;΂ͳKFͷͯP͸P΃FΔ;;΂Fͼͽͬ;KF
ͻBͯͳPͯͶ;΂ͳͬBΔBPΔFͭPͬPͷͳͲ;ͲFΕ;͊Ͷ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵͸BͺPͶPͱBK;PͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽFͻFͼ;
ͺͳͼͷF͸PPͫBͬF΃ͽBͬBPͻͭB͸͸BͯͶFͱB͸ͲBΔFͭPͬPͺPͼͽBͬΓFΔF0ͬͳͷPͯͻFͯͫBͷBͼF͸FPͭͻB͸ͳ΂BͬB
ͺͻͳͷF͸BͺͻBͬͳͶBPͳͲ;ͲFΕ;ͺͻPͺͳͼB͸BͲB͵P͸Pͷ͵PKͳͷͼF;ͻFΌ;KFPͺ΃ͽͳ;ͺͻBͬ͸ͳͺPͼͽ;ͺB͵
͆BͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵F͸BͺPͶPͱBK;ͺͻͳͷFΔ;K;ͼFͲB͵P͸ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳͺͻPͺͳͼͳ͵PKͳͷBͼF;ͻFΌ;KFͼͺͻF
΂BͬBΔFͼ;͵PͫBͳ͸ͽFͻFͼBͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͬͻ΃FΔͪKBͬ͸ͳ΀Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳKB BͶͳͳ̀B͵P͸BPͯPͯBͽ͸PͷͻBͯ;ͳ
ͲBͫͻB͸ͳPͼ͸ͳͬBΔBͺͻͳͬͻFͯ͸Pͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬB ͺͻFͯ;ͲFΕB KBͬ͸FͼͶ;ͱͫFͳͫBͬΓFΔBͺͻFͯ;ͲFͽ͸ͳ΃ͽͬPͷ
͈ͻͳΒͰͷ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
͈ͻͪͬͳͶͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͲͪͺͻͳΒͰͷ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ
΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͰͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͸͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ
͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΒ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͼͶͰͯͻͪͯΔͳ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ

͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͪ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͳ΀ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͪͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͶͪ ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͳͲͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;;
͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ; Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͷ͹ͻͪͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͺͻͳΒͰͷͪ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͼͶ;ͱͫͰ
͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͽͪΒͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ͹
͌ͼͶ͹ͬͳͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͺ͹ͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͳͼ;΂Ͷ–̀ͪ͵͹
͸ͪ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ͉Bͯ͸PͷFͼͽP
ͷPͱFͯBͼFͺPͺ;͸ͳ͵BͯͼFͳͼͺ;͸FͯͬB;ͼͶPͬBͯBKFͻBͯ͸PͷFͼͽPͺͻFͯͬͳΌF͸PͺͻBͬͳͶ͸ͳ͵Pͷ͹͹ͻͭͪ
͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͳͯBKFΔFͭPͬPͺPͺ;ΔBͬBΔFͺͻFͯͬͳΌF͸P͵BͯͻPͬͼ͵ͳͷ
ͺͶB͸PͷͲBͽF͵;Ε;ͭPͯͳ͸;̓BͯͼFPͫB;ͼͶPͬBͳͼͺ;͸F ͻ;͵PͬPͯͳͶB΁PͻͭB͸B ͼͶ;ͱͫFͳͶͳPͻͭB͸ͳͲB
΁ͳKFPͯͶ;΂;KFͯBͶͳKFͺPͽͻFͫ͸PͯBͼFͻBͯ͸PͷFͼͽPͺPͺ;͸ͳ
͌ͻBͯ͸ͳPͯ͸PͼͷPͱFͼFͺͻͳͷͳͽͳͶͳ΁FͺPͯͼͶFͯFΕͳͷ;ͼͶPͬͳͷBͯBKFͺ;͸PͶFͽB͸ͯͻͱBͬΓB
͸ͳ͸ ͉Fͺ;ͫͶͳ͵F ͊ͻͫͳKF ͯB ͳͷB ͺͻPͺͳͼB͸P PͫͻBͲPͬBΔF ͯB ͳͼͺ;ΔBͬB PͼͽBͶF ;ͼͶPͬF PͯͻFΌF͸F
ͲB͵P͸Pͷ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͺͻPͺͳͼPͷ ͳ B͵ͽPͷ P ͼͳͼͽFͷBͽͳͲB΁ͳKͳ ͻBͯ͸ͳ΀ ͷFͼͽB ͯB ͸ͳKF ͺͻBͬ͸Pͼ͸Bͱ͸P
Pͼ;ΌͳͬB͸P͸BͫFͲ;ͼͶPͬ͸;͵BͲ͸;ͲBͽͬPͻBPͯ͸BKͷBΔF΃FͼͽͷFͼF΁ͳͳͯBͻB͸ͳKF͸ͳKFͺͻFͼͽBKBPͻBͯ
͸ͳ Pͯ͸Pͼ ; ͯͻͱBͬ͸Pͷ PͻͭB͸; Pͯ͸Pͼ͸P PͻͭB͸; B;ͽP͸Pͷ͸F ͺP͵ͻBKͳ͸F ͳͶͳ KFͯͳ͸ͳ΁F ͶP͵BͶ͸F
ͼBͷP;ͺͻBͬF ͲͫPͭͽFͱFͺPͬͻFͯFͯ;ͱ͸PͼͽͳͳͲͻBͯ͸PͭPͯ͸PͼB
́Ͳͬͻ΃ͳͶB΂͵P ͻBͯ͸P ͷFͼͽP ͺPͺ;ΔBͬB ͼF ͽͻBK͸ͳͷ ͺͻFͷF΃ͽBKFͷ ͼͺͻPͬPΌFΔFͷ ͳ͸ͽFͻ͸Pͭ
͵P͸͵;ͻͼB ͺͻF;ͲͳͷBΔFͷͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵BͳͶͳͲBͼ͸ͳͬBΔFͷͻBͯ͸PͭPͯ͸PͼB͸B͵P͸ͼͺͻPͬFͯF͸PͭKBͬ͸Pͭ
͵P͸͵;ͻͼB͈PͶPͱBKͼFͺPͺ;ΔBͬBͺPͼͽBͬΓFΔFͷ
͈ͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͺPͺ;ΔBͬBΔͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͶB΂͵PͭͻBͯ͸PͭͷFͼͽBͺͻFͯ͸PͼͽͳͷBͺͻFͷF΃ͽBKͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B
ͼ͸BͺͻFͯPͬBΔFͷͳͶͳͫFͲΔFͭB"͵PͺPͼͶPͯBͬB΁PͯͶ;΂ͳͯBͻBͯ͸PͷFͼͽP͸FͺPͺ;͸ͳͺͻFͷF΃ͽBKFͷ
ͼͺͻPͬPͯͳͼFͳ͸ͽFͻ͸ͳ͵P͸͵;ͻͼ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳ͸ͽFͻ͸ͳ͵P͸͵;ͻͼ͸ͳKF;ͼͺFP ͻBͯ͸PͷFͼͽPͷPͱFͯBͼF
ͺPͺ;͸ͳͺͻF;ͲͳͷBΔFͷͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵BPͯͯͻ;ͭPͭͺPͼͶPͯBͬ΁B Pͯ͸Pͼ͸PͳͲͯͻͱBͬ͸PͭPͻͭB͸B"͵PͼF
ͻBͯ͸PͷFͼͽP͸F ͺPͺ;͸ͳ͸ͳͺͻF;ͲͳͷBΔFͷͼͶ;ͱͫF͸ͳ͵B PͫBͬFͲ͸P ͼF ͼͺͻPͬPͯͳKBͬ͸ͳ͵P͸͵;ͻͼ ͪ
ͪ͵͹͸ͳKBͬ͸ͳ͵P͸͵;ͻͼ͸ͳKF;ͼͺFP ͻBͯ͸PͷFͼͽPͼF͸FͺPͺ;ΔBͬB BͶͳͺPͼͶPͯBͬB΁ͷPͱFPͯͶ;΂ͳͽͳͯB
ͼFͼͺͻPͬFͯF͸PͬͳKBͬ͸ͳ͵P͸͵;ͻͼ
͉Ͱͯ͹ͼͶͰͯͺ͹ͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͼͷ͹ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͳͲ͸ͰͶͳ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͯ͹
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͪͯͪΒͰͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͺͻͳͷͪΔͰ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰ͹͵ͪ͹ͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͵͈ͻͪͬͳͶ͹ΒͰͯͪ
ͼͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͶͳ΁ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͳͺͻͰͷͰ΃ͽͪΒͰͷͳͶͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸͵;ͻ
ͼ͹ͷ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͳͶͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͳͶͳ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ
ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͷͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͯͻ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ΀͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͪͽͰ͵ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ
͹͸ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͳ͸͹ͬͳͷͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰͷ
͇ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͯ;ͱͳ͸ͪͻͪͯͪ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪΒͰ͹͸͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔ;;Ͳͫ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ
͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͲͪͯͪΓͳ͹ͼͬͻͽ͸ͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
͸ͪͬͰͶͳͼͷ͹͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͼͽͪͽ;ͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯΔͳ΀ ̀ͪ͵͹͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹
ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͼͪͯͻͱͳͳ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹Δͳ΀͹
ͬ͹ͷ ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ͹ͬͪΔ; ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ͷ ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔ; ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ ͳ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪͷͪ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͵;

ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͸͹ͻͷͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͼͽͪͽ;ͼͳ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸ͻͪͯͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ
͸ͳ͵ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺ͹ͯͬͻͼͽ;Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͿ;͸͵
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ͹ͯͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪΒͫͻ͹Β͸ͳΒͰͼ͵;ͺͳ͸ͰΒͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ
͵ͪ
͈͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ΃ͽ͹ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͳͲ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ; ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ;
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ
ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ ; ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ ͷͰΌ; Δͳͷͪ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ͼͰ ͳ ;
ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͳ΀ΒͰͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͼ͸ͪͫͯͰͶͪͪͬ͠͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͪ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͼͬ͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͲͳͽͰͽ;
ͬͰΕͪͼ;͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͪͳͷͪΒ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪΒͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸ͳΒͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶͪ ; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀
͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪΒͰͳ͸ͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͌ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;
ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Β;͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͬͰΕͰͭͫͻ͹Βͪ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ ͵͹ΒͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͼͶ;
ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͪͶͳͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΒ;;ͼͰͻͬͳͼͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͻͪͼͽ;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͲͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͷ
ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ Ͳͪ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͷ ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͻͪͯͪͳͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ
͊ͬͳ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͲͪͺͪͱͪΒ; ͼͰ ; ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͪͷͪ ͺͻͬ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ
͵͹Βͳ;ͻͰΌ;ΒͰͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͽΒ;̀ͪ͵͹͸;͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹
ͷ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪͷͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰ
͈ͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͪ͵ͽ ͺͻͬͳ ͺ;ͽ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ;ͻͰΌ;ΒͰ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺͪ͸ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ ; ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͰͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͇͸;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪͺͻͰͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͲͪͻͪͯ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͯͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ
΁ͪͷͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ͹͸ͳ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰͫ;ͯͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳΒͳ

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HPWFSONFOU VOJUTPGUFSSJUPSJBMBVUPOPNZ

̸̸̸͇̹͉͉̽̽͊ͦ́ͣͅ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ͏ͻ͸Ͱ̻͹ͻͰ
͆ͳ͵΃ͳΕ ͏ͻ͸̻ͪ͹ͻͪ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́͆́̀̽̾͆͏͉͍͇̓͌̈́͋͌͆̾̈́͌́̽͆͊͋́́
̸̸̸͉͈͍͉͇̻̈́͊̓̾̾́͆́̾̓͌̈́͋͌͆́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:͌͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪͶͰ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹
ͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͹ͪͲͰ ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ
ͷͰͼͽͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͳͺͻͰͺͶͳͽͪ
Δͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ;ͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰͽͰ͸ͺͻ͹Ͳͳͻ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪ
ͼͽͪͻ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ;ͼͽ;ͺͪͷͰͼͽ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͷ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;– ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͯͳͻͪͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ
͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;͋͹ΒͰͼͬͰͽ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ̽Ͱ͵ͪͻͽ͹ͬ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ ͷͳͼ
Ͷͳͷ ͯͪ͵ͶͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͷ ͷͰΔͪ͸͹ͬͳͷ ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ͷ ͼͺ͹ΒͰ͸ͼͪͷ ͯͪ͵ͶͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͷ͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͪͲͪΒͰͼͽͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͅͅͰ͵Ͷ;ͪ͸͸ͪͲ
ͬͪ͹tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͼͰͶ͹iͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃ͰtͼͷͻͽͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻͳͼ;
ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͽ͹ΒͰͼͬͰͽ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹͍ͦͰΒͷͳͼ͹͸ͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͶͪͺͪͼͷͰͼͽ͹ͷ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰ͹͸ͽͬ͹ͻͳͳ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ̓ͻͪΒΔͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪΒͰͼͽͰ
ͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͋͹ͷͳͶͼ͹͸
ͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹
ͳ ͯͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͊ͪͼͰ͸

Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͰͽ͹ͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ̻̾ͳͯͰ͸ͼͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͺͼͰͯͪΒ;ͳ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪͬͪ
Β;ͲͫͳͬͪΔͪͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͶͳt͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͻͳͷͪͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͳͬͳ΁ͰͬͰͻͼͪi͋ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͼͬͰ;͵;ͺ͸͹
ͫͻͳ΃;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ;͵ͪ͹΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳͺͻͰͽͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͵͹ͺͻͰͯ
ͬͳΌ̸ͪ͊͹ͶͱͰΔͳ΁ͳ͸ ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͪͯ͸͹ΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹͊ͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳ
ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵;ͼͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Β͸͹ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͳͷͪͳ͵ͪ͵͹;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯͳͽͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪͺ͹ͽͻͰ
ͫ͹ͷ͹΂;ͬͪΔͪtͶͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀iͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͪ
1
PCSBET@ac.me
PCSBETBNBSE[JD@gmail.com

̺ͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͰΕͰͷ͹Εͳͫͳͽͳ;΂ͳΔͰ͸͹
ͪͯͪͼͰ΁Ͱ͹ͼͬͰͽ͸Ͱ;ͷͰ΃ͪ;ͽ͹
͈͹Ͷ̺ͪͶͰͻͳ
͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͳͯͪ͹΁ͻͽͪͷ͹͵ͪͶͰͳͯ͹ͼ͵͹ͺͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͺͻͳͲͷ;ͺͻ͹
΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳTUSJDUPTFOTV ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͷ͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͸ͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼͽͪ͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ Ͱͺͳͷ͹͸; ͽͪ΂͵; ͼ ͵͹ΒͰ ͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͬ͸ͳ ͹ͯͻͪͲ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͼͺͰͬͪ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵͹͹͵͹ΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹ͯͪ– ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸Ͱt͵;ͽ͵Ͱͱͳͬ͹ͽͪi͵͹Βͳ
ͼ; ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͹ͪͲͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͫͳͶ͹
ͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪ ͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͳͺͻͰͺͶͳͽͪΔͪ– ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ;ΒͰͯͪ͸
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͼ;ͼ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͽͪͻ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ;ͼͽ;ͺͪͷͰͼͽ͹
͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰ
ͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͯ͸;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸;΁ͰͶͳ͸;͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬͪͳͯͰΒͪͅͰΌ;ͺͻͬͳͷͷͳͼͶͳ͹΁ͳͷͪ
͹ͬ;ͳͯͰΒ;ΒͰͽͰͷͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪͷ͹͈͹ͶͳͫͳΒͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͬͰ͵;ͺͻͰ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͺͳͼ;Β;Εͳͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ͉ͳͷͼ͵͹ͭ
΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹ͯͪ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͸ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ;ͬͰͲ;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ
tͫͳͶͳͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͻͪͼ;ͽͳ– ͼͬͪ͵ͳͼͰ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͹ͳͺ͹΁ͳΓͰͬͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͷͪͳͺ͹
ͷͰͼͽ;ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΔͪi ͈͹ͶͳͫͳΒͰ ͼͽͻ
̸Ͷͳ͹ͯͽͪͯͪͼͬͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͼ;;ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ
ͼ͸͹ͺ;ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͳͼͬͳ ͵ͪ͵͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͈͹ͶͳͫͳΒͰ tͽͰͱͰͳͼͽ͹ͷ΁ͳΓ;i2.
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷͯͰͶ;ͺͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͰͰͺ͹΀Ͱ ͼͬͰͼͽͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹͹ͼͬͰͽ;͵ͪ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ
ͫͳͶͳͼ;͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ– ͼͰͶ͹ ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͳ͵ͻͪΒͼͬͰͽͪͲͪͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ͭͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭͼͰΓͪ͵ͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͳͼͽͪ͵Ͷͳ͉̈́ͪ΁ͰΒͳ̽̽ͪ͸ͲͳͭͰͻ̓͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͼͪͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳͷͼͬͰͽ͹ͷͫͳ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͵͸Ͱͭ͹Ͷͳ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶ͹t͈͹ͼͰͽͳ͹΁ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͻͰͽ͵ͳ ͺ;ͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͷͪͶ͹ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ ͪ͹ͯͶͪͼ΁ͳͳͲͼͰͶͪ ͺ͹ͼͬͰͷ;
ͼ;ͯͰΕͳͫͳͶͳͼ;ͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹͸ͪΒͫͶͳͱͰͽͻͱ͸ͳ΁Ͱ;ͭͻͪͯ;i ͺͻͰͷͪ)FME ͼͽͻ
͊ͬͰͯ͹97***ͬͰ͵ͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ͺͳ΃Ͱ͈ ̽ͳ͸΁ͰͶͫͪ΀Ͱͻ Ͳͪͯͻͱͪ͹ͼͰ͹ͬͪΒ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ ΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ΒͰΒͰͯ͸;
͹ͯ ͹ͯͶͳ͵ͪ ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸Ͱ Ͱͺ͹΀Ͱ ΒͰͻ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ ͽ͹ͭ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ tͬ͹Ͷͳ ͯͪ ͱͳͬͳ ; ͺͻͳͼ͸͹ͷ
͹͵ͬͳͻ;<>̻ͻ;ͺͪ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͬͰͻ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;i
%JODFMCBIFS ͼͽͻ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ;ͺͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪͬͰͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͷͰͼͽͪͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ ͼͰ ͷͪΔͰͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪͶͪ ΒͰͻ ͼͰ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪͬͪ͹ ͺ͹ͯ ͺͪͽͻ͹͸ͪͽ͹ͷ tͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪi ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ
͌ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͽͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͪ ͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͪ ΒͰ
ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͪΔͰ͸ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽ ͬͰͲͰͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ
͸͹ͼͽ̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪt͵ͪ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹͵͹ΒͰ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͬͪͷͳΓͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭi (JEFOT ͼͽͻ
ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪΒͰͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͳͼͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͳͬ͸͹;ͺ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ΕͳͺͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸;Ͱͺ͹΀;͍͍Ͱͻ͸ͪ͸ͯͰͲ̸ͻͷͰͼͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͺͳͼ;Β;ΕͳͯͻͰͬ͸Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̓ͳ͸Ͱ ͪ͠ͺͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͳͼͶͪͷͪ ͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪ ͼ; ͹͸ͳ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͸ͪ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ͫͳͶͳ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ
tͯͳͼ͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͳi 'FSOBOEF["SNFTUP ͼͽͻ
͌͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰtͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
2
͈͹ͶͳͫͳΒͰͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͯͪ ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ tͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ – ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ ; ́ͽͪͶͳΒͳͳ
̈́ͳͫͳΒͳͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ͼͰͼͪ͹͸ͳͷͪ;̸ͲͳΒͳͳ͎ͰͶͪͯͳͳͼͬͳͽͰͱͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ΁ͳΓ;i ͈͹ͶͳͫͳΒͰ ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸͇̹͉͉̻̽̽͊ͦ́ͣͅͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͲͯͰ͸ͪ΁͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͶͪͻͼ͵ͰͰͺͳͿͪ͸ͳΒͰw
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͪi ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͪt͹ͫͰͶͰͱͪͬͪͼͬͰͽͫͰͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫͪΌͪ
ΔͰͽͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁Ͱ ͻͰ͵͹͸Ϳͳͭ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸;Ͳͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͬͳ΀ͽͪ΂ͪ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫ;ͼͪi ƄPSǅFWJǀ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͹ͬͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͬͪͱ͸ͪͯͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪΒͰͼͽͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͵͹Βͳͺͻ;ͱͪͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;Ͳͪ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͼͪͱͳͷͪΔͰ ͼͬͰͽ͉ͪͦ͹ͲͰ͸ͪ;͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͯͪΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪt;͵ͳ͸;
ͶͪͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͻͪͲͯͪΓͳ͸Ͱ3 ͺͻͰ͵͹ͫͰͲͬ;΂͸ͳ΀ͪͬͳ͹͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺΒ;ͽͰͻͪ ͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͪͽͰͶͳ
ͽͪͳͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͳͲ;ͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰΓ;ͯͳͳͻ͹ͫͪͫͻͱͰͳͼͳͭ;ͻ͸ͳΒͰ
͸Ͱͭ͹Ͷͳͳ͵ͪͯͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͶͪͲͰͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͬͻͰͷͰi ͉͹ͼͰ͸ͪ; ͼͽͻ
4.
͉Ͱͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪ5 ͳ;ͼͺ͹͸ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ99
ͬͰ͵ͪ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ ͼ; ͯͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱ ͳ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸; – ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͯͪ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͷ͹ͼͪ΁ͰͶͳͷͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ;ͽͻͰ͸;͹͵ͪ ͪ͸ͪΒͲͪͫͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳΒͳ͵;ͽͪ͵;tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵;ͷͰ͸ͳi͹ͯ͸ͪͼ
ΒͰ;ͯͪΓͰ͸͸ͪΒͰͯͪ͸͵Ͷͳ͵ͷͳ΃ͪ ΒͰͻͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹̸̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒ tͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷ
ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ ͸ͪΒͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳΒͰ ͬͻͼͽͰ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪi ̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒ ͼͽͻ
͌ͼͶͰͯ
ͽ͹ͭͪ ̿̈́Ͱ͵ͶͰͻ͵ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳt͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͹ͼͳ͸΀ͻ͹͸͹ΒͲͪΒͰ
ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹Βͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪi ΁ͳͽ;»PCF .BSUFO ͼͽͻ
͉Ͱ΂Β;
͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸ ͵ͪ͵͹̹͌Ͱ͵ͻͰ΂Ͱ t͵͹ͷͺͪ͵ͽ͸ͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͭͶ͹ͫ;ͼi ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪͳͲ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀͵ͻͪΒͰͬͪͼͪͯͪ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪΒ;t͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹Β ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͪ͸Ͱͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͷ͸͹
ͭͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͪi #FDL ͼͽͻ
. ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼͬͰͽ͹͵͹͸ͪͼͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪ͸ͪͻͳͲ͹ͷͼ͵ͳ
Ͷͪͬͳͻͳ͸ͽ ̽ͰͶͰͲ ͳ ̻ͪͽͪͻͳ
ͼͪ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ;ͷͻͰͱͰ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ ; ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͷ
3
͇ͬͪΒ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪ ͯͪΓͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰ͸ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬͪ ͳͲ;ͷͪ ͹ͯ ͺͪͻ͹ͫͻ͹ͯͪ ͱͰΓͰͲ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
ͽͰͶͰͭͻͪͿͪͯ͹ͫͰͱͳ΂͸͹ͭͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ
͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͳͫͻͱͰͻͪͲͯͪΓͳͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
ͼ͵ͻͪΕͳͬͪΔͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪ ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͪ ͼͪͬͶͪͯͪͶͪ ͊ͪͱͳͷͪΔͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ̽ ͎ͪͻͬͳΒ; tͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͯ;ͭ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ ͳͲͷͰͻͳͽͳ ͋ͪΒ
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼΒͰͼ;͵΁ͼͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔ;ͼͬͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ;ͳ
ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͳͼͷͪΔͰ͸Ͳͪͺ;ͽͪi 7VMFUJǀ ͼͽͻ

4
̸ͻͳ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͻͪͲͯͪΓͳͬͪΔͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͼͶͳ͵͹ͬͳͽ͹͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸;ͫͻͲͳ͸;ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ͹ͯ97***ͯ͹
͵ͻͪΒͪ 99 ͬͰ͵ͪ ͋ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ Ͳͪ ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͹ͯ ͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱ ͯ͹ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͪͶͰ ̸͊̽ ; 97*** ͬͰ͵; ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ͯͬͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺͰ΃ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ; 9*9 ͬͰ͵; ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ ͷͰͼͰ΁ͪ ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺ͹΃ͽͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ
͵͹΂ͳΒ͹ͷͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99ͬͰ͵ͪͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͯͪ͸ͪͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͱͰͶͰͲ͸ͳ΁͹ͷ ͯͪͫͳ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͳͼͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ
ͽͪͻͪͲͯͪΓͳ͸ͪͫͳͶͪͼͪͬͶͪͯͪ͸ͪͲͪͷͪΔͰ͹ͯ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͼͪͽͪͶͰͽͪͪͬͳ͹͸͹ͷ 6SSZ ͼͽͻ

5
ͅͰΒͻ͹ͬͳ΁ ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ͯͪ ͼ; tͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͳ ͊ͪͯͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͯͪ ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͷ͹ ͼͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ ͸ͪ ̸Γͪͼ΁ͳ ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ
ͼ;͸΂ͪͷ͹͸͍ͪͶ͹ͻͳͯͳ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͳͽͳͬͰͼͽͳ͹;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳͷͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͷͪ;ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͳͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͳͶͳ
͹ͫ͸͹ͬͳͽͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͸ͪͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͻͪͯΔͰͳͭͶͪͼ͹ͬͰ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͷͻͽͬͳ ͳͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͰͯͰͽͳ;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹Β͹Β
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹Β͹Β͵;Εͳ;ͲͰͷΓͳͳͯ͹ͫͳͽͳͳͲͫͶͳͲͪͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ͸ͪͿ;ͯͫͪͶͼ͵;;ͽͪ͵ͷͳ΁;͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼͰͯͳͷ͹͸ͪ
ͽͻͳͫͳ͸ͪͷͪi .FZSPXJU[ ͼͽͻ

ͅͰ͵Ͷ;ͪ͸ je ͽ; tͼͳ͸΀ͻ͹͸;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;iͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ͸ͪͲͬͪ͹tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͼͰͶ͹ͷi; ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͫͳͶͪ
;ͽͳͼ͸;ͽͪ͹ͺͽͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͬͳͲͳΒͪ͹ͬͰͶͳ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹Βͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͳ ͯͪͫͳ
͵ͻͪΒͰͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͈ ̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹ ͽ͹Β ͬͳͲͳΒͳ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͹ ͬͳͲͳΒ; ͲͶ͹͵͹ͫ͸͹ͭ tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͷͰͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͼͪi ͵͹Βͳ
͸͹ͼͳͲ͸ͪ͵ͪ͸͹͸ͳͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ t;͵͹ͷͰͼͬͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͪ ͪͶͳ;͵͹ͷͰ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͸ͳ͵͹͸Ͱ
͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͪ͵ͳͷi &SJLTFO ͼͽͻ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͻͪͯͳͼͰ͹ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹
tͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͼͰͶ;i ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͽ ͯ
ͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪ
tͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͼͽͳi;͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͳͷͪͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͳͷͪ

ͼͽͻ;ΒͪΔ;ͳͭͯͰͼͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͰ;ͷͻͰͱͰ͸ͳͷͺ;ͽͰͷͷ͹ͱͰͯ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ;ͬͰͲ;ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ͌ͼͶͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͈̺ͳͻͳ
Ͷͳ͹ͽͰͲͳ͹t͵ͻͪΒ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi ͍͍;͵;Βͪͷͪ
ͯ͹ͯͪΒͰͽͰͲ;͹t͵ͻͪΒ;ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰi ̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹ ͼͽͻ

͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͷͳͼ΀͹ͯ;ͯͻ͹ͷ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ
̓ͻͪΒΔͳͳͼ΀͹ͯ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ͻͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;͹ͫͶͳ΂ͪͬͪΒ;ͲͫͳͬͪΔͪͳtͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͶͳ͵ͳͶ͹ͷͰͽͻͳͷͪͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͳ
ͬͳ΁ͰͬͰͻͼͪi (JEFOT ͼͽͻ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹tͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͬͳ΃ͰͼͰ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͶͪͺͪͼͪͷͰͼͽ͹ͷ;
͵͹ͷͰͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪi +BNFTPO ͼͽͻ;ͺ4BNBSEßJǀ ÂJWLPWJǀ ͼͽͻ–

̸͇̹̻͉̽̾̈́́̾̓͆–̸̀̽̾͆͏̸̸̻͇̹͉͍̈́̈́͆̾̓͌̈́͋͌̾̈́͌́̽
́Ͳ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͬͳͯͳͷ͹ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸͹ͫͶͳ͵ͺ͹ͬͰ
ͲͳͬͪΔͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͻͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͼͷͪΔ;ΒͰͳͶͳ΂ͪ͵͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰ͉ͳͶ͵ͰͺͰͬͪt͵ͻ͹ͲͼͬͪͼͰͫͳΕͪ
ͺͻ;ͱͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻΒͰͯͪ͸ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻi ͉ͳͶ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻ
́Ͳͪͳͼͽͪ ͹ͬͪͺͰͼ͸ͳ΂
͵ͪͰͺͳͿͪ͸ͳΒͪ;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹΀ͳͷ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ– ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ
ͿͶ;ͳͯͪ ΒͰͻͼͰ ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͬͰͽ ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ ;ΒͰͯͪ͸ͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͵͹Βͳ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͽͰ͹΁ͻͽͪ͸ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͳͺͪ͵ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͺͻ͹Ͳͳͻ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;
;ͷ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰΓ;ͯͳ ͳͯͰΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͻͪ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳ ͷͪΔͰͬͳ΃ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹͵ͻͰΕ;
̓Ͱͻ͸ͳ͹ͺͳͼ;ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͼͬͰͽ͵ͪ͹t΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͶͳ͵Ͱi– ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͶͳ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͶͳ͵ͪ ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹͹ͯͻͪͲ
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͽͰͷͰͻͰͬͶͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͬͰͽ͹ͷͯͪΒͰ΂ͪ͵ͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͫͶͰͯͳ͹ͯͼΒͪΒͼͶͳ͵Ͱ 7
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͯͫͰͭͶͳͰ͵ͻͪ͸͵ͪ͹͸͹ͷͪͯͼ͵͹tͼͽͪ͸ͳ΃ͽͰiͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͿͶ;ͳͯͪΒͰͼͽͰtͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹
7
͈ͻͰͷͪͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ̓Ͱͻ͸ͳΒͪ tͭͯͰͭ͹ͯͼͰ͹͵ͻͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͼͬ;ͯͪͼͷ͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰ͸ͳͼͶͳ͵ͪͷͪi ,FBSOFZ ͼͽͻ
͵͹ΒͰͯ͹
ͽͰ ͷͰͻͰ ͲͪͷͪͭΓ;Β; ͸ͪ΃; ͼͬͰͼͽ ͯͪ ͼͷ͹ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ ͺ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͯͪ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ;Β; ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ
;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪͳ΀ ͹ͯͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;͊ͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹Β;ͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ΒͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹;ͬͰ͵ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ
ͺͻͰͿͪͫͻͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͼͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͹ͽ;ͯͪΒͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ ͳͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ͇ͬͪtͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪ
ͼͶͳ͵Ͱi ͺͻͰͷͪ̓Ͱͻ͸ͳΒ; ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸ͪΒͰ͸ͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ– ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͯ͹ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͭͱͳ
ͬ͹ͽͪ͌ͼͬͰͽ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻͳͫͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Β;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͌
ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͻͪͲ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͳͬͳ΃ͰͼͰͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͰ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͬͳͲ;Ͱ
Ͷ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͳͶͳ tͺͼͰ;ͯ͹ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪi ͵͹Βͳͳͯ;ͯ͹ͽͰ ͵ͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͼͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹
ͲͪͷͰΔ;ΒͰtͼͶͳ͵͹ͷi ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͪ ͌Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸ͪΒͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯͪͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹;ͺ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͿͪͲͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͽͳͼͬ͹Β;ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;
tͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ;ͫͰΌͳͬͪ΂ͪi – ͫͻͰ͸ͯͼͶͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͼͬͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ ͐ͪ͵ ͳ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͵ͪ͵͹
ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ̓Ͱͻ͸ͳ tͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳͯͪͼͶͳ͵ͪͳͷͪͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬ͹͸ͪͯͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹΃Ε;i ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ΃ͪΓͳͬ;
ͪ͸Ͱͭͯ͹ͽ; ̽ ͦ ̹͹ͻͼͽͳ͸ͪ ͹ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Β ͺͻͳͭͻͪͯͼ͵͹Β ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΁ͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷ΃ͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͵͹ͷͺͶͳͷͰ͸ͽ ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸
ΔͰ͸͹ͷͯͰͽͰͽ; ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ: t̽ͪ͹͸ΒͰͯͳͬͪ͸ ͪͶͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͫͳͯͪͬͳͯͳͽͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ;
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒ;i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͌
͸ͪͺͪͯ͸͹Β ͳͭͻͳ ͼͶͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͳͷ;ͶͳͻͪΒ; ΒͰͯ͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭ; ͸ͪ΃ ͺͼͳ΀ͳ΂͵ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ΒͰ ͼͪͯͪ ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹
t͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒ͹ͷͼͶͳ͵Ͱi ͽͬͻͯͳ̓Ͱͻ͸ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–

̾͵ͻͪ͸ΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;̿̈́ͳͺ͹ͬͰ΁͵͹ͭͳ̿͊Ͱͻ͹Ͱ ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
́ͪ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ΂Ͱͽ;ͺͻͪͼ͵͹Ͳ͹ͻΒͰ99 ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺͻͬͳͺ;ͽͼͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ;ͼͰͶͳ͹;ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͪ
ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ ͸͹ͬͳͰ͵ͻͪ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳͯͪͳͲͻͪΔͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷͳ;ͷ͸͹ͱͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰ͸ͪ
Ͱ͵ͼͺ͹͸Ͱ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸tͰ͵ͻͪ͸͵͹ͷͺΒ;ͽͰͻͪ ͵͹Βͳ;ͫͻͲ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺ͹ͭ͹ͯͪ͸Ͳͪ͸͹΃ͰΔͰͳͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸
͵͹͸Ͳ͹ͶͰ Ͳͪ ͬͳͯͰ͹ͳͭͻͰ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ͳ ͬͰͫͼͬͰͽͪi Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͭ ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͪ ͳ Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ΀ ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͪͺͪͻͪͽͪ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸̻͈͊ͪͳͻͪͲ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ Lipovecki 4FSPB ͼͽͻ23–

͈͹ͷ͹Ε;͹ͬͳ΀Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ̈́ͳͺ͹ͬͰ΁͵͹ͭͳ͊Ͱͻ͹Ͱ t͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪΒͰͰͺ͹΀ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͰ͵ͻͪ͸ͪ͹͸ΒͰ
770
ͼͽͪΔͰi;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͲͯͰ͸ͪ΁ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͺ;ͽͰͷͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵ͪ͹
ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀tͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͷ
ͪiͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ
͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͊ͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹ͯ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ ͌ ͎Ͱ͸Ͱͻ΁ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;tͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͵ͻͰΕ;͵ͻ͹ͲͷͻͰͱͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹Β
ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳi ΁ͳͽ;͍ͪͫͳΒͰͽͳͳͯͻ ͼͽͻ
͋Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͰ̸̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒ
ΒͰ͸ͪͲͬͪ͹ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳͳͯͰΒ͸ͳͷͺͰΒͲͪͱͳͷͪ ̈́͊͵ͶͰͻͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͪ̾͊ͷͳͽ
͸͹ͬͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͹ͺ΃;ͺ͹ͻ. EF4P[B ͼͽͻ–

0͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷΒͰͼͽͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹– ͫͪ;ͷͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹– tͿͶ;ͳͯ͸ͪ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪi̹;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ̹ͪ;ͷͪ͸ ͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬ͹ͽͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͶͳ͸͹ͬͪ ͪ͹͸͹
΃ͽ͹Δͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ΂ͬͻͼͽͪͼͽͪΔͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ͹͸ͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͷͳͻ;Β; ΃ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ;ͯ͹ͯͳͻ;ͼ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸ͳͼ;͸ͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͹Βͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͽͰ͵ͷͪͶͳͯͳ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀
ͷ͹ͶͰ͵;Ͷͪ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ9 ͇ͬͪͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͬͪͱͰͲͪͿͶ;ͳͯͰͼ;Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΒͰͻ͹ͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͪͽͳͼͬ͹ΒͳͲͬ͹ͻ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰͭͺ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͳ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰͭͼͰ΃ͳͻͳ ͹͸ͪ
͸ͳΒͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͸ͳͽͳΒͰ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ͪ ;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹Β͹Βͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹Β͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͇͸ͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹̾͊ͷͳͽ͵ͪͱͰ tͫͰͲ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ ͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͰͶͪ͸ͱͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͵͹ͷ
ͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͳͳͲͬ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͪͼͬ;ͯͳ͸ͳ͹ͽ͵;ͯ ͻ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͽ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹΂ͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͽͰͶͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪi 4NJUI ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͰͷͪ͊ͷͳͽ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͼͪͯͻͱͳ;
ͼͰͫͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͫͰͲͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱͷͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; ͪͶͳΒͰͲͪͽ͹΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͻͪ΃ͽͻ͵ͪ͸ͪ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͹͸ͪΒͰ
t͹ͬͯͰi tͼͬ;ͭͯͰiͳtͼͪͯͪi ͪͶͳΒͰt͹ͯͼͰ΂Ͱ͸ͪi͹ͯͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ̈́ͪͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͼ; ͹͸ͪ͸ͰͷͪͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸ͼ͵; ͯ;ͫͳ͸; ͳ ͼͪͷͳͷ ͽͳͷ ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͯͳͻͰ ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ ; ͺͻ;ͱͪΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͳͼͪ͸͹ͭ ͼͷͳͼͶͪ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ Ͳͪ ͽͬ͹ͻͰΔͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͬͰΕ ͯ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪ ͵ͪ͹
ͯͳͿ;Ͳ͸ͳͪͻ΀ͳͺͰͶͪͭͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ 10͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ̾͊ͷͳͽͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͽͬͻͯΔ;ͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͼͬ;ͯͪ ͳ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵; ; ͺͻ͹ͯͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͳ ͸ͪ ͪͰͻ͹ͯͻ͹ͷͳͷͪ ; ͻͰͼͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͳ ͵ͪͿͰͳͷͪ ; ͷͰͽͻ͹; ;

͵͹Ͷͳͷͪͳ ;ͪͬͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ͼͬͳ΀ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ ͻͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͺ;͸Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ ͷͳ͸ͳͰ͵ͻͪ͸ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸͸ͪ
ͼͰͫͳ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͼͪ ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͼͬͰ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ͳ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͬͰ ͬͳͯͳ ̺ͳͯͰ͹Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪͽ;ͻ͸ͳ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸
ͭͻͪͿͳ΂͵ͳ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͽͪ͵ͽͳͶ͸ͳ Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ ͬͰ͵ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ͷ; ͬͰ͵ ΒͰ ͼͬͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;
ͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͭͳͷ;ͶͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͰ͵ͻͪ͸ͪi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ23–

9
͍Ͷ;ͳͯͳ ͵ͪ͵͹͵ͪͱͰ̹̀ͪ;ͷͪ͸ tͼͰ͸ͰͯͻͱͰͯ;ͭ͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼ;ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳ ͳͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ
ͯͪͭͪ
ͷͳΒͰΔͪΒ;Ͳͪͽ͹ΒͰͲͪΔͳ΀ͬͪͱͪ͸ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͪ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͵͹ΒͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;<>͍Ͷ;ͳͯͳ
Ͷͪ͵͹ ͺ;ͽ;Β; ͽͰ͵; ͻͪͲͶͳΒͰͬͪΒ; ͼͰ ΁;ͻͰ ͹ͽͳ΂; ͵ͪͺͪΒ; ͺͶͪͬͰ ͳͽͯ <> ͍Ͷ;ͳͯͳ ͼͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ͼͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷͶͪ͵͹ΕͰ ͪͶͪ͵͹Ε;ͳͶͳͫͰͼͽͰͱͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͷ͹ͼͪͺ͹͵ͻͰͽΓͳͬ͹΃Ε;ͳ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸͹΃Ε;i Bauman ͼͽͻ

10
̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͽ;Ͷͳͻͪ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰi ͵Γ;΂͸͹ΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ̾͊ͷͳͽ ͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ͭͶͪͼͳ: ̽ͪͶͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹t͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳi ;ΒͰͯ͸ͳ͸ͳ t̸͵͹ͼͰͺ͹ͯͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷʮ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪʮ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ
͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳͶͳ ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻ ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͳͶ͹ͬͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ ͹͸ͯͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ ͼͪͷ͹ ͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸; ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳͶͳ
ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻ; ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳͽͯ ͹͸ͪ ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻͰ ; ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲ;ͷ; ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͳ
ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻͪi̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͳͯͰΒͪ͹tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳi Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ͊ͷͳͽ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ ΒͰͻ ͼ; t... ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ; ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳ ͻͰͺͰͻͽ͹ͪͻͪ ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͪ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͼ; ͳͼ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͯͪ ͫͳ ͸ͪͷ ͺͻ;ͱͳͶͳ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;i ́ͫͳͯ ͼͽͻ

771
ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͫͰͲͷͰͷ͹ͻͳΒͰ͈ͻͰͷͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ t͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͫͪͼͰ͸ ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰΓ;ͯͳͷ͹ͭ;;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͽͳi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
11̽ͪ͵ͶͰ tͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪi;ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͯͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳt͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽiͳͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ
͸ͳͲͯͰ͸ͪ΁;͵͹ΒͳͼͰͼͶͳͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸ͪͼͽͻ;ΒͪΔͪͳ;͵ͻ΃ͽͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͿͶ;ͳͯͪ͵͹ΒͳͽͰ͵;;ͺͻͪ
ͬ΁;ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͭͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͷÊͶͪ͸ͱͪ5BKͷÊͶͪ͸ͱͳͶͳt͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͺͪͺͪͲΒͪ
͸ͳΒͪi ͵ͪ͵͹Β; ΒͰ͸ͪͲͬͪ͹͊ͪͶͷͪ͸͉;ͱͯͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ PE TWFHBQPNBMP – t͹ͯͷͪͶ͹ ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͷͪͶ͹ ͹͸͹ͭi
3VTIEJF ͼͽͻ
͵͹ΒͰΒͰ;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻͰͬͳͻͪΔ;ͳͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ;;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;
͇ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ΃ͳͻͰΔͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰiͳͷͪͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͰͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͳͼ͵;ͼ
ͽͪͬͪ ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ tͯͬ͹ͻ;i ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͸ͪ ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸ͳ ͵ͪͶͰͳͯ͹ͼ͵͹ͺ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
t΃ͪͻͰ͸ͳͶͪi΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ΒͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͰͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰͲͪͻ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΒ;ͼͻ΁ͪͳ;ͷ͹ͬͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ;ͫͶͳ
͵Ͱͼͪ΁ͳΓͰͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͽͬͻͯͳ͉͈Ͱͽ tͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ;ͷͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΃ͽ͹Ͳͪ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͳͷͪ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͽͳ΂ͰͳͲͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͰ
͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳi 1FFU ͼͽͻ
͋͹ͼͰͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͺͶͪͬΓͳ
ͬͪΔͰ ͳͶͳ ͲͪͺͶͰ͸; ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵ͳ΀
ͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪͻͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͬͰ͸ͳΒͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͳ Ͳͫ;Δ;Β;ΕͰͭ ͵͹͸ͭͶ͹ͷͰͻͪͽͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͼͰ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͷͻͰͱͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͺ;ͼͽͳͶͳ ; ͯͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ̈́ͪͻ
ͼ͵ͳ12 ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͪͻͽͰͿͪ
͵ͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͪͺͪΒͪΔͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;;ͼͶ͹
ͬͳͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼ; ͺ͹ͯ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷ ;ͯͪͻ͹ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͰͺͳͿͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ
ͼͽͳͱ;͹ͯͪͼͬ;ͯ– ͳͲͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ– ;ͼͶͰͯ΂ͰͭͪͼͰͭ;ͫͳtͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳi
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͆ͪͳͷͰ ; ͸ͰͺͻͰͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͻͰΓͰͿ;
ͪ;ͯͳ͹ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ͵͹ΒͳͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽͶ͹ͼͽͳͼͽͳͱ;ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͸Ͱͻͪͼͺͻ΃;ΒͰͼͰ
ͼͪͷ͹ͭͰ͹ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͬͰΕͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͼͰΕͪΒ ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰ͈̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹ͻͰΕͳ tͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ;ͱͰͭ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͪΒͪΔͪi ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂ͪ͸ͲͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹;ͼͳͯͻͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰt̀ͪͷͰΔ;Β;Εͳ΀ͻ͹͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵;;Ͳͪͼͽ͹ͺ͸͹ͼͽͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹΃Ε;ͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ̺ͻͰͷͰ͸ͪi ̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͽͰͶͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
̺ͳͻͳͶͳΒ; ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;͸͹ͬͳtͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͰΓͰͿi;͵͹ΒͰͷͻͰΓͰͿͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰ
ͯ;ͫͳ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͶͰͯͪ͌ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ;͹ͬ͹ͭ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͰΓͰͿͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰͽͰͶͰ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͷͻͰͱͰ ΂ͳΒͪ ͫͻͲͳ͸ͪ ͯ͹͵ͳͯͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͵;ͽͪ͵ t͹ͬͯͰi ͪ ͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹
tͼͪͯͪi– tͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰi ͽ͹ͷ͹Ε͸͹͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;͵͹ΒͰͷ ͵ͪ͵͹̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹͵ͪͱͰ
11
͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪ͊ͷͳͽ ͸ͪΒͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ¢ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ¢
ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͹ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ͊ͷͳͽ tͪ͵͹ͼͰͽͬͻͯͳͯͪͼ;
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳͺͪͽͳͶͳ͹ͯͼͰͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͪͷ͸ͰͲͳΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͳͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
ͫͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͳͺͪͽͳͽͳ͹ͯͺ͹ͽͺ;͸Ͱͪͷ͸ͰͲͳΒͰ ͯͪͫͳͳͷͪͽͳ΃ͪ͸ͼͰͲͪ;ͼͺͰ΀i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
12
͈͹ΒͪͷtͶͪͻͼ͵Ͱi ; ͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͼͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;tͯ͹ͷͪΕͰi ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͰͽͳͷ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͳͷͪ;ͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒͳͼͽͪͻͳ΀͉ͳͷΓͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;̈́ͪͻͳ ͶͪͽLares
ͫͳͶͳͫ͹ͭ͹ͬͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͭΔͳ΃ͽͪ ͵;ΕͰ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ¢
ͺͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭͪ ΃ͽ͹;΃ͳͻͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ;Ͳ͹ͬͰͷ͹tͯ͹ͷͪΕͰi.
772
t... ͼͬͰͽͶ͹ͼͽͫͻͲͳ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽͳͼ͵;ΒͰͼͬͰͽͶ͹ͼͽͼ;͸΁ͪͳͯͪ͸͹͸͹Ε͸͹ͭͼͷͰΔͳͬͪΔͪ͊;͸΂ͰͬͳͲͻͪ΁ͳͳ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͼͰ͸͵Ͱͼ;͸ͪͯͷͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͲͻͪ΂ͰΔͰͷͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹ͷͪͭ͸Ͱͽ͸ͳ΀ͽͪͶͪͼͪ ͯ͹ͽͰͷͰͻͰͯͪͯͪ͸;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ
͵ͪͶͰ͸ͯͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͭ;ͫͳͼͬ͹Β;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵;ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͯͪ͸ͪ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͰͷͪ ̺ͳͻͳͶͳΒ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; ;ͫͻͲͪΔͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͲ͹͵ͻͰ͸;Ͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͻ;͵ͪͬͳ΁;
t͇ͯͼͪͯͪͬͪ΃ͳ͸ͪΒͫͶͳͱͳͳ͸ͪΒͯͻͪͱͳͼ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͳͰͭͲ͹ͽͳ΂͸ͳ͵͹ͷ΃ͳΒͪi ̺ͳͻͳͶͳ͹ ͼͽͻ

͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹tͼͽ;ͺͳͶͳͼͷ͹;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͪΔͰͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͼͪ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯ͸ͪͼ͸ͪΒ;ͯͪΓͰ
͸ͳΒͳi ̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒ ͼͽͻ
͌ͼͺ͹͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͫͰͭͶͳ΀Ͱ͵ͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͯͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͻͳ͸Ͳͳ΂ͪ͸ͺͰ΂ͪͽ
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ; ͵͹ͷͰ ͱͳͬͳͷ͹ ͺͻ;ͱͪ ͸ͪͷ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͼͬͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪͶ͸ͳΒͳͯͰ͹͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͷͪͭͪͶͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ΀ͪΒͯͰ
ͭͰͻ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹ͫͳͽͳ;ͼͳͯͻͰ͸;ͼͬͰͽ; ͯ͹ͫͳͶͪΒͰͼͬ͹Βͪ͸ͽͳͺ͹ͯ– ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ –
ͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ;ͼͳͯͻͰ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ;tͱͳͬ͹ͷ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;iͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͌ͼͶͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ;͸͹ͽͰͼͳͷͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪͻͪ͹ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ͼͰͯͪ͸͹ͬͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͳ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͼͪΒͫͰͻͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;΂ͬͻͼͽ͹ͽͶ͹ͲͪͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵Ͱͬͳͯ͹ͬͰ͹ͽ;ΌͰΔͪͳͻͰͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ–
͹ͯ ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͽͰͶͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ Γ;ͯͳ ͯ͹ ͹ͽ;ΌͰΔͪ ͹ͯ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ
ͱͳͬͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͆ͪͯ ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ ͼͽͪΔͰͷ ͳͲͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͿͳͶ͹ͼ͹Ϳ ͍ ̹ͻ͹ͯͳ
ͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͻͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪt͈ͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͵͹ΒͰͷͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Β;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ
ͫΓ;ͽͪͬ ͸Ͱ;͵;ͼͪ͸ͳ͹ͽͻ΁ͪ͸i %JODFMCBIFS ͼͽͻ

͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ͼͰ ͯͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͲͳͬ͸ͪ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͽͳͻͪΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀
tͲͳͯ͹ͬͪi;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͯͰͬͪͶͬͪ
΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͼͶͰͯ ͺͻͰͷͰ΃ͽͪΔͪ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ ͬͪͱ͸ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͳͲͬͪ͸ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͯ;ͭ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͰ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ
͸͹ͭ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͼ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸ͳͷ ͹ͫͳͷ͹ͷ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͼ;ͺͻͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͑͹ͶͽͰ
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃ͰͼͰͳͼͷͳͼͪ͹tͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳi͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͫͳͬͪΔͪͳͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;
Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ΒͰͻtͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ
͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬ͹ͳͶͳͯͳΒͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪi ̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒ ͼͽͻ–
;ͰͻͳͼͶͳ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͸͹ͬͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ tͫͰͲ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪi ͺ͹ͯ ͹ͺͼͪͯ͹ͷ ΒͰ tͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬͪ
ͯͪΓͳ͸Ͱi ͈ͻͰͷ̻ͪͳͯͰ͸ͼ; ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͳͷͪͶͪͷͰͼ
ͽͪ13 ΒͰͯ͸͹͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͭ;ͫΓͰΔͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͷͰͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͹͸ͽ͹
Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ – ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͼͽ ͳ ͺͻͳΒͪͽ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸; ͸ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ
13
͆ͪͳͷͰ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΁ͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͰͼͽͪͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬͪͳ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽ͈ͬͪͻͰͷ̻ͪͳͯͰ͸ͼ; tͷͰͼͽ͹iͼͰ͸ͪΒΒͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͳͯͰΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͻͼͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵Ͱ ͹͵ͬͳͻͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͼͷͳͼͶ; ΔͰ͸͹ͭ ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͳͽ;ͳͻͪΔͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ tͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽi ͺ;ͽͰͷ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ (JEFOT ͼͽͻ
͊ͪͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻΒͰͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸ͳΒͪ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ
ΒͰ ͺͻͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ̽ ͅͰͼͳ tͼͳͷ;Ͷͽͪ͸ͪ ͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰΌ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪ ͼͬͳͷ
ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͷͼ͵ͪͶͪͷͪ– ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͳͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͯ͹΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͽͻͪ͸ͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪi ΁ͳͽ;
4UJWFOTPO ͼͽͻ
.
773
tͶͳ΁Ͱͷ;Ͷͳ΁Ͱi͌ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ ͷͰͼͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼ;Βͪͼ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵ͪ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΒͰͻ
͵ͪ͵͹ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͯ͹ ͳͼ͵͹ͻͰΔͪͬͪΔͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͳͲ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ14 ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ
ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͸ͰͻͪͲͯͬ͹Βͳͬ͹ ͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰͽͰ͸ͳ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͼ;ͼ ͯ͹͵ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ t;ͼͷͳͼͶ;;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͼͽͳͼͪ
ͷͰͼͽ͹ͷ Ͳͪͳͼͽͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͷ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪΒ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ͹ͬ ͼͽͪͬ ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ ͸ͪ
ͽͰͱͳ͸ͳ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͺͻͳͼͰͽͳͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͬͰ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ̸ͯͰ͋͹͵ͬͳͶ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹t͐͹ͬͰ͵ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪ͵ͻͪΓͰͬͼͽͬͪ ͪͶͳͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͯͪΒͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͫ͹ͱΒ͹ͷͻ;͵͹ͷi ΁ͳͽ;ͪͅ͸ͯͰͻ ̻͹Ͷͯ
ͼͷͳͽ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺͻͰͼͰ΁ͪͼͽͪͻͰͬͰͲͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͳΔͰ͸͹ͭ
ͷͰͼͽͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ;ͼͶͰͯ΂ͰͭͪͼͰ͸ͰͻͰͽ͵͹ΒͪͬΓͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΒͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͸ͰͺͻͰͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͻ
ͼͰͭ;ͫͰͽͪ͸͵Ͱ͸ͳͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ;ͼͳͯͻ;Β;;ͫͶͳͼ͵;ͳͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸;ͷͪͺ;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ;
͵͹Β͹Β ͱͳͬͳ ́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ ͽ͹ ; ͬͳͯ; ͅ ̾ͶͳΒͪͯͰ ΕͰ Γ;ͯͰ ͺͻ͹Ͳͬͪͽͳ ͫͳΕͳͷͪͷͰͼͽͪ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ̾ͶͳΒͪͯͰ
͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͼ;ͺͼͽͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰͪ;ͽ͹΀ͽ͹͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͯͰ ̾Ͷͳ
ΒͪͯͰ ͼͽͻ–
͆ͪͼͶͳ΂ͪ͸ΕͰͼͰͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳͳ͎̈́ͪͅͶ͵ͳ ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰͯͪΒͰͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͲͪ
ͷͰͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷͲͪ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰͷ;͸ͪ΃Ͱ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͽ;ͯͪͼͰͷͰͼͽ͹ ͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͻͬ͹ͼ
Βͪ͵ͳͷ͵͹ͻͰΔͰͷ͇͸ͪ͵ͪͱͰt͡;ͯͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;͵ͪ͹ͼͽͪͫͶͪ͸ͪͲͰͷΓͳ;ͷΒͰͼͽͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼͽͪΔ;Β;ͺ;ͼ
ͽͳͶͳͼ;͵͹ͻͳΒͰΔͰͳͲͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͽͳͷ͵͹ͻΒͰ͸ͳͷͪͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͼ;;ͼͳͯͻͰ͸ͳ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳi ΁ͳͽ
;͐ͪͺ͹ ̻;Ͷͳ͸̀ͻ͸ͳΕ ͼͽͻ
́ͪ͵͹;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷͷͳͼͶͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͬͰΒͪͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͪͶͭͳΒͪͲͪͺͪͻ͹΀ͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ (FNFJOTDIBGUͪ ͳͺͪ͵ ͹ͬͪ ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͸ͳͼ; ͼͪͷ͹ tͯͰͬͳͲͪi ͺͻ͹΃Ͷͳ΀ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͬͰΕ ͳ
tͺͪͼ͹΃iͲͪͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͷ͹͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͯ;;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳͷͪͯͪ
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺͻ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵;ΒͰͯ;ͫ͹͵ͰͯͰͲ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰ
ͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͽͰͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͭ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͳ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͷͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ;͋ͪ͵͹;ͭͶ͹ͷͪͲ
͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͵͹ΒͳͼͰtͽͪͻͰiͯ͹;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͫͶͳͱͰ͵;ΕͰ ͍ͦͰΒͷͳͼ͹͸ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ
͸ͪΒͰtͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;Ͳͫ;ΔͰ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ͯΓ;ͯͳi ΒͰͻͼͰ; ͽ͹ͷ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͲͭ;ͼ͸;ͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;t΂͹ͬͰ͵͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪͽͳi ͬͳͯͰͽͳ4UFQIBOTPO ͼͽͻ
̹ͻ͹͵ͺͪ͵;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Βͪ͹΀ͻͪͫͻ;ΒͰͺͶͳͬͪΔͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪͽͪͶͪͼͳͷͪ ͭͯΒͰͼͰΓ;ͯͳ͵ͶͳͲͪΒ;͹ͯͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͯ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
;ͫͰͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͷ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͳͷͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳi ΁ͳͽ;»PMUF ͼͽͻ

͌ͺͻͪͬ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͽͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͼͷͰͼͽ͹ͷ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷͳͶͪͻͼ͵ͳͷͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ
͸ͪ΃Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͷͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱ͸;ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰͫͰͳͼͬ͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ΒͰͻͼͬͳͷͪ
͸ͪͷͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹͹͸͹΃ͽ͹;΃ͳͻͰͷͼͷͳͼͶ;Ͳ͹ͬͰͷ͹tͯ͹ͷi͇͸͸ͪͷΒͰ ͪ͵͹͸ͳͲͫ͹ͭ΂Ͱͭͪͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ
͵ͪ͵͹ͻͰ΂Ͱͦͦ͹ͻͯͪ͸ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͸͵ͪ͹tͷͰͼͽ͹Ͳͪ͹ͯͶͪͲͪ͵ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰΕͰ͸ͪͷͬͰΕͳ͸ͪΓ;ͯͳͻͰΕͳͯͪ͹ͯͪͽͶͰ
ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͷ͹i ΁ͳͽ;.PSMFZ 3PCJOT ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪͶͪͻͼ͵ͪͰͺͳͿͪ͸ͳΒͪͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;ΒͰ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹;
ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͪ͵͹ͳͷͪͷ͹;ͬͳͯ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪ;ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͺͻͪͲ͸ͳ͹ͯͼͰͫͰ – Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
14
ͅͰͼͽ͹ ͺͻͰͷ̻ͪͳͯͰ͸ͼ; tͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͿͪ͸ͽͪͲͷͪͭ͹ͻͳ΂͸͹ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͰͯͪΒ;ͳ
͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͳ ͇͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ΃Ͱ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽ ͸ͳΒͰ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ ͬͳͯΓͳͬͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶͳͽͰͽͪ ͼ͵ͻͳͬͪ ;ͯͪΓͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͵͹Βͳ
͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ;i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

774
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ Ͷͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ Ͱͷͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͳͲ;Β; ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ
ΔͰ͸͹ͭ Ͱͽ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β; ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹Β ͪͻͰ͸ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͼ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͰ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽ ͊ͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͪ͸ͪͶ͹ͭ͸͹ ͋Ͱ͸ͳͼ͹ͬ͹Β ͯͳ΀͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ; ͵͹Β͹Β ͼͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͍͋Ͱ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͪ͵ͪ͹ t͹ͯͬͳΒͪͻͰͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽi– ͵͹ΒͪͲͻͪ΂ͳͽ͹ͺͶͳ͸͹ͷͳͫͶͳͲͳ͸͹ͷͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰtͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͪͭͻͰͭͪͽͱͳͬ͹ͽͪi– ͵͹ΒͰͲͻͪ΂ͳ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹Ε͹ͷͳͽ;Όͳ͸͹ͷ 5FOJFT
ͼͽͻ–
;ͯ͹ͫ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͳ΀͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪ͵ͪ͹
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͲͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;ͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͫͰͲ
ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͺͼͳ΀͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͽͳͶͪͻͼ͵Ͱͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ͵Ͱ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͲͪtͷͪͶ͹i Ͳͪ
t͹ͬͯͰi Ͳͪt͹ͭΔͳ΃ͽͰi Ͳͪtͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹i Ͳͪt͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹iͳtͳ͸ͽͳͷ͸͹i ͯ͹͵ΒͰ ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽΔͰͷ; ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸͹ͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͲͪtͬͰͶͳ͵͹i tͽͪͷ͹i ͲͪtͬͪΔͼ͵ͳͼͬͳΒͰͽi Ͳͪt͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹i Ͳͪt;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͳͻͪͬ͸͹ͯ;
΃͸͹i15͇ͯ͸͹ͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭΒͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳ΂ͪͬ͹ͭͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͰ͸
ͲͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸;ͯͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͯͳ΀͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒͰ ΒͰͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͳͲͷͰΌ;Δͳ΀ͲͪͬͳͼͰ͹ͯͬͰͲͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ΀
ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͳͶͳ ͵͹͸Β;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͳ΀ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃; ͊ͶͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͯͳ΀͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒͪ tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹–Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹i
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͼͰ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳ ͵ͪ͹ Ͱͺͳͷ͹͸͹ ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻ͹ͬͰΒͪͬͪ ͪ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ
ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͳ ͹ͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͍ͻͳͯͷͪ͸
͹ͬͪͯͬͪͬͳͯͪt͹ͯͪ͸͹ͼͽͳiͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͬͪ͹ͺͻͰ΂͸ͪͷ͹ͯ;ͼͪͱͳͬΓͰΔͪͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͼͶͳ͵͹ͬͳͽ͹ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͯͳ΀͹ͽ͹ͷͳΒ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;̈́Ͱ͵ͼ;ͼͪ ͳͪͅͼͶͳ͸Ͱ17͈ͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;͍ͻͳͯͷͪ͸ͪ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ΀Ͷͪͯ
͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͷͪͼͶͳ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪͺͻͰͽΔͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͪ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰͷͪͼͶͳ͸Ͱt̹ͳͶͪΒͰ ͽ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͬͪ΃
ͼ;ͼΒͰͯͯ͹ΌͰ ͭͻ;ͫ͹ͳ΃΂;ͺͪ ͬͪ΃;ͷͪͼͶͳ͸;ͳͺ͹ͼͪͯͳͼͬ͹Β;i ͍ͻͳͯͷͪ͸ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ
͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪ ͺͻͰͽΔͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹Β ͷͪͼͶͳ͸ͳ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͹ͯ ̈́Ͱ͵ͼ;ͼͪ – ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲ;Β;Εͳ΀
ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͰͺͳͿͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ̓ͳ͵Ͷ͹ͺͪ ͸ͪͼͻΕ; ͸ͪ ͷͪͼͶͳΔͪ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͺͻͰͽͰΕͳ ͯͪ ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͰ ; ͸Ͱ͵; ͬͻͼͽ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͪͺͪͲΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͑ͽͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ
15
̀ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͼͰΒ͹΃ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͺ͹ͷͳΔͰ͠ ̸ ͑͹ͶͽͰ ͬͰͲ;Β;ͬͰͶͪͯͪΒͰ t͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ ͪ;ͽͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹
ͺ;͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͯ͹͵ ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸͹ ͸Ͱ;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ ͳͲͬΒͰ΃ͽͪ΂Ͱ͸͹ ͳ ͫͰͲ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ΒͰ
ͫͰͲͪͲͶͰ͸͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͰͺͻͰͯͰ͸͹<>̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͪͻͰ͸ͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͺͪ͵ͪͻͰ͸ͪ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͑͹ͶͽͰ ͼͽͻ

͇ͬͪͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯ͹΂ͪͻͪͬͪͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻ͹ͷtͳͭͻͰ΃ͪ΀ͪi ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹
Ͳͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹͵ͪ͹͵ͻͪΓͳ΁ͪ ͯ͹͵ΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹;Ϳͳͭ;ͻͳ͵ͻͪΓ̻ͪͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͵ͻͪΓͳ΁ͪΒͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪ
Ͳͪ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸Ͱ͵ͻͰͽΔͰͺ͹΁ͰͶ͹ΒͽͪͫͶͳ ͯ͹͵Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͵ͻͪΓͷ͹ͱͰͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͷͰͻͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹ΓͰ͹͵͹ͷͰͼͽͪͭͯͰͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͪͶͳͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵͵ͻͪΓͪ;΃ͪ΀;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ;ͼͿͰͻͳͭͶ͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ
ͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͫ͹Βͪ ͸ͪ tͽͪͫͶͳi ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͑ͳͻͪ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ t΃ͪ΀͹ͬͼ͵Ͱ ͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͰi ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ;ͭͶ͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͳͯͰͽͳ;4FCBTUJBO ͼͽͻ–
ͳ-FOǁFS #PMJ ͼͽͻ–27
.
17
͊ͽͪͫͶ͹ ͷͪͼͶͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͳ ͹ͯͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͬͰ
͹͸͹΃ͽ͹͸ͪͼt;͵͹ͻΒͰΔ;ΒͰ ;ͼͳͯͻ;ΒͰͳͼͷΒͰ΃ͽͪ͸ͰͭͯΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͬͳΒͰͽ;i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͸ͪͳͷͰͷͰͼͽ͹ͳ
ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͶͰ͵ͼ;ͼ ΒͰͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͳͷͰ͸͹ͷΒͪͺͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ
ͪ;ͽ;͇͸ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͭ͹͸Ͳͪ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͵ͪ͹ͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͶ;ͱͳͷ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͪͲͳͲͪͫ͹ΓͳͷͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯ͹ͷ– ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷ;
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͪͼͶͪͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳ– ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;Ͷ;͵ͼ;Ͳ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵ͪ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͽͯ
775
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΂;ͺͪͼͽͪͫͶͪͷͪͼͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͪͬͪͷͯͪΒ;ͷΒͰͼͽ͹;ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ͳ;ͼͳͯͻ;Β;ͬͪͼ;ΔͰͷ;i ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
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UIFXPSMEIBTCFFODIBOHJOHGBTUFSBOENPSFESBNBUJDUIBOFWFSCFGPSF$PNQBSFEUPUIFQSFWJPVTDJWJMJ[B
UJPOTUIBUDPFYJTUFEJOQBSBMMFMBTSFMBUJWFMZTFMGTVGGJDJFOUDVMUVSBMPBTFT QSJNBSJMZCBTFEPOUIFDPOOFDUJPOPG
FYQFSJFODFCFUXFFOUIFHFPHSBQIJDMPDBUJPOBOEUIFDVMUVSBMDPOUFYU
XIJDIIBENPSFPSMFTTDPOUBDUT DP
PQFSBUJPOBOEJOUFSUXJOJOH UIFDPOUFNQPSBSZXPSMEJTJODSFBTJOHMZUSBOTGPSNFEJOUPBOJOUFSUXJOFE USBOT
MVDFOUBOEJOUFSDPOOFDUFEQPPMXIFSFUIFPMEQSJODJQMFPGDPMMFDUJWFBVUPOPNZHJWFTXBZUPBOFXQSJODJQMF
PGNVMUJQMFDPOUBDUTBOESFMBUJPOTIJQT CPUIPOJOEJWJEVBMBOEDPMMFDUJWFMFWFM*UJTUIFXPSMEJOXIJDI%FT
carteTQSJODJQMF*UIJOL UIFSFGPSF*BN JTSFQMBDFECZBOFXQSJODJQMF *BNDPOOFDUFE UIFSFGPSF*BN. The
SFTVMUPGUIJTDPMMBQTFPGJOEJWJEVBMTPDJPDVMUVSBMPBTFTJTUIFDSFBUJPOPGBTPDJBMDPOUFYUUIBU..D-VIBO
OBNFEABHMPCBMWJMMBHFBTPDJBMDPOUFYUUIBUJTQSFEPNJOBOUMZDIBSBDUFSJ[FECZAUIFEFBUIPGQFSNBOFODF
BOEQSFTFODF JFJUJTBXPSMEJOXIJDI BT'+BNFTPOQPJOUFEPVU UIFUSVFFYQFSJFODFTPGDVMUVSBMMJGFOP
MPOHFSDPJODJEFXJUIUIFQMBDFJOXIJDIJUJTGPSNFEBOEJTUBLJOHQMBDF5IF VMUJNBUFDPOTFRVFODFPGUIFTF
QSPDFTTFT JT UIF EFUFSSJUPSJBMJ[BUJPO 5PNMJOTPO
EFTPWFSFJHOJ[BUJPO 7JSJMJP
BOE UIF EFOBUJPOBMJ[BUJPO
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TIBQFECZ IBQQFOJOHTBOEFWFOUTPDDVSSJOHANBOZNJMFTBXBZBOEWJDFWFSTB 5IFTFQSPDFTTFTHFOFSBMMZ
FSBTFUIFDPMPVSTPGJOEJWJEVBMDVMUVSFT BOEIVNBOJUZBTBXIPMFJTVOEFSUISFBU BTQSFEJDUFECZ"4PM[IF
niUTZO UPCFDPNFCPSJOHMZVOJGPSN. *OUIJTQBQFS XFUSJFEUPJOEJDBUFUIBUJOUIFDPOEJUJPOTPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPO
UIFMPDBMCFDPNFTNPSFBOENPSFUIFDPODFQUFNQUZPGJUTFMG– PGUIFMPDBMDPOUFOUPGTPDJBMMJGF JFMBSFT
FNBOBUJPOT MPDBMWBMVFTXIJDITZNCPMJ[FUIFQBSUJDVMBSJUZPGJUTFUIOPDVMUVSBMJEFOUJUZ
KEYWORDS: HMPCBMJ[BUJPO HMPDBMJ[BUJPO JEFOUJUZ EFUFSSJUPSJBMJ[BUJPO EFTPWFSFJHOJ[BUJPO

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GLOBALIZATION2
&9".1-&4'30.(03/+".&;*+""3&"
ABSTRACT 5IFQBQFSBOBMZ[FTUIFDPODFQUPGSPNBOJ[BUJPOPGUIFQPQVMBUJPOGSPN,PTPWPBOE.F
UPIJKB UIFTPVUIPGUIFQSPWJODF(PSOKB.F[JKB
GSPNTPDJPhistoric BTQFDUBOEQSFTFOUTEBUBSFHBSEJOHUIF
QSPDFTT"GUFSUIFNJMJUBSZDPORVFTUPG%BSEBOJBBOEUIFBDUPGGPVOEJOHUIFQSPWJODFPG(PSOKB.F[JKBBU
the beginning of the 1st DFOUVSZ"% UIF3PNBOTCVJMUBOFOUJSFTZTUFNPGGPSUSFTTFTPOTJHOJGJDBOUTUSBUFHJD
QPJOUTGPMMPXFECZDPOTUSVDUJOHSPBET TFUUMFNFOUTBOEQPQVMBUJOHUIFBSFBCZWFUFSBOTBOE*UBMJDQFPQMFTBT
XFMMBTPCUBJOJOHDJWJMSJHIUTBOESFTQFDUGPSUIF3PNBOHPET5IJTXBTUIFUJNFPGOPUKVTUUFSSJUPSJBMCVU
FUIOJDBOEJOGSBTUSVDUVSBMDIBOHFT5IFFQJHSBQITUBUVFTUFTUJGZUIBUUIFBSFBPGUPEBZT,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB
XBTUIFBSFBXIFSF CFTJEFTUIFMPDBMT DBNFBOEMJWFEUIF3PNBODJUJ[FOT DJWFT3PNBOJ
. 5IF*UBMian inflV
FODFXBTTJHOJGJDBOUUIBOLTUPUIFJNNJHSBOUTXIPJOIBCJUFEVSCBODFOUFSTBOEXIPMBSHFMZDPOUSJCVUFEUP
UIFQSFTFODFPG3PNBODVMUVSFBOEMJGFTUZMF 5IFZCSPVHIUXJUIUIFNTFMWFTUIF3PNBODJWJMJ[BUJPOJUTFMG
XIJDIJOGMVFODFEUIFMPDBMTJOWBSJPVTXBZT5IFFQJHSBQITUBUVFT WBSJPVTBSDIFPMPHJDBMSFDPSETBOEPSBM
TPVSDFTTIFEMJHIUUPBDFSUBJOQPJOUPOUIFTFQSPDFTTFTPOUIFUFSSJUPSZPG,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB
KEYWORDSromanization globalization population UIF3PNBOT %BSEBOJB (PSOKB.F[JKB ,PTPWP
BOE.FUPIJKB.
1
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2
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3FQVCMJDPG4FSCJB
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SFTFBSDITUBSUFEJOUIFOFYUDFOUVSZBTXFMMBTQVCMJTIJOHPGEBUBSFMBUFEUPUIFBODJFOUQBTU (JMKGFSEJOH
&WBOT : 1– ,BOJU[ ͪ͠ͼͽͻͰͫ͹ͬ 1904 –.PMMJOBSZ +JSFǁFL

7BSJPVT archeological SFDPSET XJUI the epigraph statues BOE oral sources DPOUSJCVUFE to better BOE
more comprehensive insight into the ancient IJTUPSZ of ,PTPWP BOE .FUPIJKB $*-***$*-***
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̹͹΃͵͹ͬͳΕ : –272̺;ͶͳΕ 1931: 133– – –211 213– ̺;ͶͳΕ
ͪ3–91̺;ͶͳΕ ͫ–̺;ͶͳΕ –1–279ƀFSØLPW : –ƀFSØLPW :
321–324ƀFSØLPW 1959/–͈ͪͺͪͲ͹ͭͶ; –1BQB[PHMV : 399–ƀFSØLPW
: –͏Ͱͻͷͪ͸͹ͬͳἘ;Ͳͷͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ –͑͵ͻͳͬͪ͸ͳΕ 1975: 52–53%VØaniǀ –
.JSEJUB 2015͈ͪͻ͹ͬͳΕ͈Ͱ΃ͳ͵ͪ͸ : 57–741BSPWJǀ1FØJLBO : –'JEBOPWTLJ :
100–͍ͳͯͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ –͈ͪͻ͹ͬͳΕ͈Ͱ΃ͳ͵ͪ͸ : –142͈ͪͺͪͲ͹ͭͶ; : 145–
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– ͅͳͶͳ͸ – %VØBOJǀ 2004: 5– ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ : 17– ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
͋͹ͷ͹ͬͳΕ : 47–59 ͍ͳͯͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ 95– ͊ͪͷͪͻΘͳΕ 2010: 41–4BNBSEßiǀ 2012:
–.JSEJUB 20.JSEJUB 2015͊ͪͷͪͻΘͳΕ –

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,PTPWPBOE
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.
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4"."3%Â*ſ 4"."3%Â*ſ: 3omanization as the concept of globalization...
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UIF*CBSSFHJPO BUUIFNPVUIPG4PǁBOJDBSJWFSJOUPUIF*CBS UIFUFSSJUPSZPGUPEBZTWJMMBHF4PǁBOJDB XIJMF
UIFTFDPOEPOFXBTGPSNFEJO,PTPWPWBMMFZ POUIFQFSJQIFSZPG+BOKFWP/PWPCSETLBSFHJPO MPDBUFE
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: 29–͐Ͱͻ΃͵͹ͬ ̽;΃ͪ͸ͳΕ – ͈ͪͻ͹ͬͳΕ͈Ͱ΃ͳ͵ͪ͸ –7͈ͪͻ͹
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BCPVUXIJDINJMMBSJBXJUIJOTDSJQUJPOTGSPNUIFQFSJPEPG"OUPOJVT1JVT from to
BOE"VSFMJ
aOTSFJHO from 270 to
UFTUJGZBOEXIJDIXFSFGPVOEBU(FOFSBM+BOLPWJǀBOEJO%POKF-KVQǁF
*-+VH*-+VH"*-+VH*-+VH*.4*7 –*.47* 49–͐Ͱͻ΃͵͹ͬ 57:
5– 1BØaliǀ 79– ƀFSØLPW 19: 123–130 ƀFSØLPW 19: – –49 ƀFSØLPW 1970:

9–ͅÓͼΏ; –25͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ –͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ –͍ͳͯͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ –
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DVMUTXFSFQSFTFSWFEXIFOUIF3PNBOBVUIPSJUJFTBDDFQUFEUIFNJOUPUIFJS1BOUIFPO5IFQFSTFWFS
BODFPGUIFTFDVMUTBNPOHBODJFOUQFPQMFJO,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKBXBTMBSHFMZJOGMVFODFECZUIFGBDU
that iOUIFNPNFOUPGUIFJSQBSUJDJQBUJPOJOQPMJUJDBM DVMUVSBMBOESFMJHJPVTGPSFJHOJOGMVFODF UIFMPDBMT
IBEBMSFBEZEFWFMPQFEBTZTUFNPGSFMJHJPVTDPOTDJPVTOFTT DVMUTBOEUIFJSPXO1BOUIFPO5IF1BOUIF
PO XJUIJUTOBUVSFSFMBUFEDIBSBDUFSJTUJDT IBEOPUFNQMFTBOESJUVBMTUPPLQMBDFOFBSTQSJOHT SJWFST
GPSFTUT DBWFTBOEPUIFSPVUEPPSQMBDFT $*-***4*-+VH *-+VH *-+VH *-+VH
*-+VH *-+VH &WBOT pic. 29̺;ͶͳΕ 2 /P. ͪͅͻͳΕ í ƀSFØLPW
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DJBO IPSTFNBO BOE %BOVCJBO IPSTFNBO BSF SFDPSEFE PO UIF UFSSJUPSZ QPQVMBUFE CZ QFPQMF XIPTF
FUIOJDCBDLHSPVOEJTPG*MMZSJBOEFTDFOU*UDBOCFTBJEUIBUUIFBGPSFNFOUJPOFEDVMUTXFSFSFDPSEFEPO
QMBDFTXIFSF5ISBDJBONBUFSJBMBOETQJSJUVBMDVMUVSFTXFSFQSFTFOU 5IFSFGPSF UIFPSJHJOPGUIFBGPSF
NFOUJPOFEDVMUT JOUIF%BSEBOJBOT1BOUIFPOJTVOEFSTUBOEBCMF *-+VH 14*-+VH̺;ͶͳΕ 77
/P. 179 /PƀSFØLPW 1957: ͏Ͱͻͷͪ͸͹ͬͳἘ;Ͳͷͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ –.JSEJUB :
/P.JSEJUB 29–'FSSJ –.JSEJUB 2015: 404–422

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JNNJHSBOUTGSPNUIPTFSFHJPOTXIPXFSFDPNJOHUPUIJTSFHJPOBTTPMEJFST TMBWFT NFSDIBOUT FUD"D
DPSEJOHUPUIFFQJHSBQITUBUVFTGSPN#BOKTLBOFBS,PTPWTLB.JUSPWJDB 6MQJBOB (SBǁBOJDB +BOKFWB 1Fǀ
1SJ[SFO %STOJL OFBS ,MJO 4VWJ -VLBWBD OFBS *TUPL XIJDI IBEJOTDSJQUJPO XSJUUFO JO -BUJO XF Iave
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*-+VH*-+VH*-+VH*-+VH *-+VH*-+VH*-+VH ̺;ͶͳΕ
91 /P. 210– 102 /P. 22 /P. 2 332 /P. ̺;ͶͳΕ /P ̺;ͶͳΕ –
/P 121 /PBOE /PƀFSØLPW : 371–ƀFSØLPW : 7–̽;΃ͪ͸ͳΕ 1:
255–.JSEJUB : 257 /P. 1FKB : 59–ͪͅͻͳΕ 2003: 110– 154.JSEJUB
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)PXFWFS UIFNPTUOVNFSPVTWPUBSZTUBUVFTUIBUIBWFCFFOEJTDPWFSFE
TPGBSJOUIFTFSFHJPOTXFSFEFWPUFEUPUIFPGGJDJBM3PNBOSFMJHJPOBOEUIFSFGPSFJUXBTNPTUMZQBSUPGUIF
3PNBO1BOUIFPOQSFTFOUFEPOUIFN Jupiter .JOFSWB +VOP .FSDVSZ /FQUVOF 'PSUVOB FUD
. *UDBO
CFTBJEUIBUPGBMMUIFSFDPSEFEDVMUTPOUIFUFSSJUPSZPG,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB UIFNPTUQSFTFOUPOFXBT
the cult of Jupiter. 0UIFSNFOUJPOFEDVMUTXFSF NPTUMZ SFDPSEFEPODFPSUISFFUJNFT. The most present
POFBNPOHUIFNFNCFSTPGNJMJUBSZBOEDJWJMBENJOJTUSBUJPOJTUIFTVQSFNFDVMUPGUIF3PNBO1BOUIF
on BOEJUXBTNPTUMZSFDPSEFEJOVSCBOBSFBT3FMJHJPVTTUSVDUVSFTBOEUFNQMFTXFSFSBSFMZSFDPSEFEPO

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/P /P. /P. 209 112 /P. 272 /P. 279 /P /P. 519̺;ͶͳΕ
1934: 53 /P. ̺;ͶͳΕ 1941–/PƀFSØLPW : .JSEJUB : /P. 203
/P 254 /P. 252 /P /P 2 /P. 23 /P. 310 7 /P. 337.JSEJUB
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SPNBOJ[BUJPO PG (PSOKB .F[JKB ,PTPWP BOE .FUPIJKB
HSBEVBMMZ MFE UP BCBOEPOJOH MPDBM MJGFTUZMF
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culture ͐Ͱͻ΃͵͹ͬ 57: 5– ƀFSØLPW 19: 123–130ƀFSØLPW 19: – –49ƀFSØLPW 1970:
9–ͅÓͼΏ; –25.FINFUBK 1990: –ͅͳͶͳ͸ –͍ͰͻΒͪ͸΂ͳΕ –
154– –͍ͳͯͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ –1.JSEJUB 2007: 13–249̈́͹ͷͪ –'FSSJ
–.JSEJUB 2015: 302–3 – –370
. -BUFMZ BTVCTUBOUJBMBUUFOUJPOJTEFWPUFEUPUIF
RVFTUJPOPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPOJONPEFSOTPDJFUZ XIJDIJTPOFPGUIFNPTUGSFRVFOUMZ VTFEBOEUIF MFBTU
EJTUJODUMZEFGJOFEUFSNTUPEBZ.BOZQFPQMFUIJOLUPEBZUIBUHMPCBMJ[BUJPOJTTPNFUIJOHOFX CVUXF
IPXFWFS UIJOLUIBUJUJTBTPMEBTIVNBOLJOE *UJTBMTP RVJUFPGUFO BTTPDJBUFEXJUIPOMZPOFBSFBPGlife
– NPTUMZFDPOPNJDT– CVUJUJTBDUVBMMZQSFTFOUJOBMNPTUBMMBSFBT(MPCBMJ[BUJPOJTBQSPDFTTXJUITVC
TUBOUJBMOVNCFSPGNVMUJQMF MPOHUFSNBOETJHOJGJDBOUUXJTUT JFJOWPMWFNFOUBOEJNQMJDBUJPOT 4BTTFO
– (JEFOT –15͎ͳ͸ͼͶͳ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͍ͶͰ΂Ͱͻ #S[F[JOTLJ
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4BIJC / Hasen –ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ –ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ 4UBOPKFWJǀ –
̺Ͱͼ͵͹ͬͳΕ –͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ –1057
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5IFFYJTUFODFPGEJGGFSFOUMJGFTUZMFGPSNT DVMUVSBMOPSNTBOESFMJHJPOJOUIFBODJFOUUJNFTXBTBO
PCTUBDMFGPSSPNBOJ[BUJPOPG(PSOKB.F[JKB ,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB
. 5IBUSFTVMUFEJOUIFBppearance of
JOUFSQSFUBUJP3PNBOB XIJDIHSBEVBMMZMFEUPBCBOEPOJOHMPDBMMJGFTUZMFGPSNTBOEDVMUVSBMUSBEJUJPO JF
BEBQUJOHUPUIFOFXTJUVBUJPOCZBDDFQUJOHOFXGPSNTBOEOPSNTPGDVMUVSBMUSBEJUJPOPGBODJFOUTPDJFUZ
JO(PSOKB.F[JKB5IFSFGPSF JUBMTPTFFNTUIBUUIFFYJTUFODFPG EJGGFSFOU SFMJHJPOTJTBO PCTUBDMF GPS
HMPCBMJ[BUJPOUPEBZXIJMFJSSFDPODJMBCJMJUZPGSFMJHJPOTMFBETUPHMPCBMDJWJMJ[BUJPOBMDPOGMJDUT 5IBUJTXIZ
FEVDBUJOHQFPQMFBCPVU EFNPDSBDZBOEUPMFSBODF SFMJHJPVT DVMUVSFTBOEJOUFSSFMJHJPVTSFTQFDUTUBOE
PVUBTBGBDUPSGPSSFDPODJMJBUJPOBOEBOJNQPSUBOUOFFEJOUIFQSPDFTTPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPO ƀFSØLPW 19:
– –49ƀFSØLPW 1970: 9–ͅÓͼΏ; –25.FINFUBK 1990: –(JEFOT –
͎ͳ͸ͼͶͳ ͍ͶͰ΂Ͱͻ ,VNMJDLB 'FSSJ –4BIJC)BTFO
–4UBOPKFWJǀ –.JSEJUB 2015: 302–3 – –370
.
5IF3PNBODJWJMJ[BUJPOHPWFSOFEUIFFOUJSFXFTUFSOXPSMEUXPUIPVTBOEZFBrs ago. *UJOGVOFDFE
UIFSFHJPOTPGOPSUI&VSPQF "GSJDBBOE.JEEMF&BTUCZJNQMFNFOUJOHJUTMBXT JEFBTBOEDPNNPO

language. 1FPQMFUSBWFlMFEVTJOHQBWFESPBETGSPN4DPUMBOEUP&HZQUBOEGSPN4ZSJBUP'SBODFVTJOH
BMTPPOFDPNNPODVSSFODZBOE-BUJOBTMJOgua franca. 3PNBOJ[BUJPO JOUIFTFSFHJPOTBTXFMMBTJO
(PSOKB.F[JKB ,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB
MFEUPBCBOEPOJOHMPDBMMJGFTUZMFGPSNTBOEDVMUVSBMUSBEJUJPO
JFBDDFQUJOHUIF3PNBOGPSNTBOEOPSNTPGDVMUVSF ͐Ͱͻ΃͵͹ͬ 57: 5–1BØaliǀ 79–
ƀFSØLPW 19: 123–130 ƀFSØLPW 19: – –49 ƀFSØLPW 1970: 9– ͅÓͼΏ; –25
.FINFUBK 1990: – ͍ͳͯͪ͸͹ͬͼ͵ͳ –1 .JSEJUB 2007: 13–249 'FSSJ –
.JSEJUB 2015: 302–3 – –

Globalization as an JEFPMPHZPGNPEFSOTPDJFUZEJTJOUFHSBUFTNVMUJOBUJPOBMDPVOUSJFTBOEJODSFBT
FTUIFJSEFQFOEFODFPOUIFNPTUEFWFMPQFETPDJFUJFTBOEJOUFSOBUJPOBMJOTUJUVUJPOT 5PEBZ JOUIFNB
KPSJUZPGUIFDPVOUSJFT HMPCBMJ[BUJPOJTGFMUMJLFUIFQSPDFTTPG"NFSJDBOJ[BUion or the influence of the
8FTU JF QSPUFDUJOH GPSFJHO JOUFSFTUT BOE MBZJOH GPVOEBUJPO GPS OFX MPOHUFSN EPNJOBODF JO UIF
XPSME5IJTXBTGVSUIFSFNQIBTJ[FECZJODSFBTJOHMZTUSPOHFSEPNJOBODFPGUIF&OHMJTIMBOHVBHFBTUIF
universal language of computer TDJFODF PGGJDJBMMBOHVBHFPGUIFXPSMETTUPDLNBSLFUTBOE NPTUPGUFO
BTUIFMBOHVBHFVTFEBTMJOHVBGSBODBGPSHFOFSBMJOUFSBDUJPOJOFWFSZEBZMJGF EJQMPNBDZBOECVTJOFTT
DPSSFTQPOEFODF 4BTTFO – (JEFOT –͎ͳ͸ͼͶͳ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͍ͶͰ΂Ͱͻ
͎Ͱͻͷͪ͸ͅͰ͵΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ ̽ͳͬΒͪ͵ ͉ͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ –
4BIJC / Hasen – 4UBOPKFWJǀ – ̺Ͱͼ͵͹ͬͳΕ – ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ
2013: 251–2͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ –

CONCLUSION
8JUIFWFSZUIJOHCFJOHTBJE GSPNTPDJPIJTUPSJDBTQFDU BCPVUUIFDPODFQUPGSPNBOJ[BUJPOPGQFP
QMFJO(PSOKB.F[JKB ,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB
XFDBOTBZUIBUUIFQSPDFTT GSPNNPEFSOBTQFDU DBOCF
JEFOUJGJFEBOEEFTDSJCFEBTUIFQSPDFTTPGHMPCBlization. 8FDPVMETFFUIBUBGUFSUIFNJMJUBSZDPORVFTUPG
%BSEBOJBBOEUIFQSPDFTTPGGPVOEJOHUIFQSPWJODFPG(PSOKB.F[JKBBUUIFCFHJOOJOHPGUIFst DFOUVSZ
"% UIF3PNBOTCVJMUGPSUSFTTFTPOJNQPSUBOUTUSBUFHJDQPJOUTGPMMPXFECZUIFDPOTUSVDUJPOPGSPBET
TFUUMFNFOUTBOEQPQVMBUJOHUIFBSFBCZWFUFSBOTBOE*UBMJDQFPQMFTBTXFMMBTPCUBJOJOHDJWJMSJHIUTBOE
SFTQFDUGPSUIF3PNBOHPET5IFSFGPSF JUXBTUIFUJNFPGOPUKVTUUFSSJUPSJBMCVUFUIOJDBOEJOGSBTUSVD
tural changes. The epigraph statues testJGZUIBU CFTJEFTUIFMPDBMT UIF3PNBOJNNJHSBOUT DJWFT3PNB
ni
MJWFEPOUIFUFSSJUPSZPGUPEBZT,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKBEVSJOHUIFSVMFPGUIF3PNBO&NQJSF The
*UBMJBOJOGMVFODFXBTTJHOJGJDBOUUIBOLTUPUIFJNNJHSBOUTXIPJOIBCJUFEVSCBODFOUFSTBOEXIPMBSHFMZ
DPOUSJCVUFEUPUIFQSFTFODFPG3PNBODVMUVSFBOEMJGFTUZMFOPSNT 5IFZCSPVHIUXJUIUIFNTFMWFTUIF
3PNBODJWJMJ[BUJPOJUTFMG XIJDIJOGMFODFEUIFMPDBMTJO WBSJPVTXBZT POUIFUFSSJUPSZ PG,PTPWP BOE
.FUPIJKB
*UJTOFDFTTBSZUPTBZUIBUNJMJUBSZ QPMJUJDBM DVMUVSBMBOEFDPOPNJDGPSFJHOJOGMVFODFTXFSFIJHIMZ
EJSFDU JO UIF QSPDFTT PG SPNBOJ[BUJPO XIJMF JO UIF QSPDFTT PG HMPCBMJ[BUJPO UIF JOGMVFODFT BSF NPSF
JOEJSFDU#FTJEFTUIFBGPSFNFOUJPOFENJMJUBSZBOEQPMJUJDBMJOGMVFODFT DVMUVSBMBOEFDPOPNJDBTQFDUT
XFSFIJHIMZTJHOJGJDBOUJOUIFQSPDFTTPGSPNBOJ[BUJPO XIJDINFBOUHJWJOHDJUJ[FOTIJQUPUIFDFSUBJO
NFNCFSTPGUIFMPDBMDPNNVOJUZ JVTDJWJMF3PNBOPSVNor JVTDJWJMFQFSFHSJOPSVN
SFQSFTFOUJOHBMTP
certaJOHSPVQTPGUIFDPNNVOJUZ 5IJTXBTFTQFDJBMMZQSFTFOUJOUIFSFHJPOTXIJDIXFSFJNQPSUBOU
GSPNFDPOPNJDBTQFDUGPSUIF&NQJSFT5SFBTVSZBOEJUTHSPXUI5IBUUZQFPGSFHJPOXBTBMTP UIBOLTUP

JUTOBUVSBMSFTPVSDFT %BSEBOJB ,PTPWPBOE.FUPIJKB
0OUIFPUIFSIBOE HMPCBMJ[BUJPOJTBQSPDFTT
XIJDI CFTJEFTFDPOPNJD JODMVEFTBMMPUIFSBTQFDUTPGTPDJBMMJGFCVUJUTCBTJTJTDFOUFSFEBSPVOEFDP
OPNJDJOUFSFTUT*UJTUIFOOPTVSQSJTFXIZUIFQSPDFTTPGHMPCBMJ[BUJPOJTNPTUMZEJTDVTTFEXJUIJOFDP
nomicsreMBUFEJTTVFT*UDBOCFTBJEUIBUJUJTUIFQSPDFTTXIJDIUBLFTBXBZDFSUBJOTPWFSFJHOUZGSPN
OBUJPOBMDPVOUSJFT*OUIFFOE JUJTLOPXOUIBUSPNBOJ[BUJPOJT BTXFMMBTHMPCBMJ[BUJPOUPEBZ BDPN
QMFYQSPDFTTXIJDIJOWPMWFTWBSJPVTGPSNTPGQSFTFOUGPSFJHOJOGMVFODFTBOEBMMBUUIFFYQFOTFPGDVMUVS
BMBOEFUIOJDJEFOUJUZPGUIFEFGFBUFE JFEFQFOEBOUQPQVMBUJPO5IJTUZQFPGEPNJOBODFXBTFYQFSJ
FODFEBTUIFPCMJHBUPSZCVSEFOJOUIFBODJFOUUJNFTXIJMFJONPEFSODPVOUSJFT JUJTFYQFSJFODFEBTUIF
loss of JEFOUJUZ
ABBREVIATIONS
"&-"OOFFFQJHSBQIJRVF3FWVFEFTQVCMJDBUJPOTFQJHSBQIJRVFTSFMBUJWFTBM"OUJRVJUFSPNBJOF
1BSJT
*.4*OTDSJQUJPOTEFMB.ÊTJF4VQÊSJFVSF #FPHSBE
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̸͊͆͌͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͪ͸ͪ;͵ͪͳ;ͷΒͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ
$#*$FOUBS[BCBMLBOPMPØLBJTQJUJWBOKB 4BSBKFWP.
$*-PSQVT*OTDSJQUJPOFT-BUJOBSVN Berolini.
SOURCES
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OVNJTNBUJRVFT #FPHSBE 1979.
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̸̸̸͈͇̺͉͋̓͆͏̸̸͇͉̺́͆̈́͆̾̽̿̾
̸̸̸̹̻͇̹́͊͌̽́͆̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͊ͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ͸ͪΒͪͬͪͫͻͲ͹ͭ͵ͻͪΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪ
ΔͰ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͺͻͰͱͳͬͰͶ͹ͭ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰDSFEP ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ
͵ͪͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ͸ͪΒͭͶͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪͶͳͲͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ
Δͪt͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi ͬͰΕ͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͹ͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͪΒͰͼͬ͹Βͯͪ΀;ͼͶͰͯͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͼ
ͻͰͪͶ͸͹΃Ε; ͱͳͶͪͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪ ͼͪͯͪ ΒͰ ; ͯ͹ͫ; ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͪ ͳ ͼͬ͹Β
ͿͳΒͪͼ͵͹;ͼͶͰͯͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͼͶͰͯ
ͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹Βͪ΂ͪΔͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ;͸ͳͲ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ̾͌ ͵ͪ͹ ͫͰͲͼ;ͷΔͰ ͸ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒ͹ΒͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ
͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͰͻͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;΃ͽͪͼͺͪͯͪͳ̹ͻͰͭͲͳͽ
͸ͳͲͪͲͰͷͪΓͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾͌͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͳͯ͹ͼ͵͹ͻͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͻͪͲ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ;
΀ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͼͪͷ͹ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͬͰΕͳ;͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹͹ͽͬͪͻͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͲͪͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳ
ͬͪΔͰͷ͸ͳͲͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ͸Ͱͯ͹ͯͳͻΓͳͬͳ΀ͺͻͰͷͳͼͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͳ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͺ;ͽͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹
ΒͰ͵ͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ;ͼͶͰͯͼ;ͯͪͻͪͼ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͲͪ
ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͪͶͳͳͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͲͪͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́: ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ t͸͹ͬͳ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ
ͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵i ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
̺ͻͰͷͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͲͪͯͰͼͳͶͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷͳ΀͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ
ΒͰ ͳͲ͸ͰͯͻͳͶ͹ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͪͽͰ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͳͲ͸ͰͶ͹ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽͶ͹ͼͽ ͯͪ͸ͪ ͯ;ͭ͹
ͺͻͳͭ;΃ͳͬͪ͸;ͳͼͽͳ͸;ͯͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͷͻͽͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͬͰΕΒͰ ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͳͽͪͶ͸ͪͳ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͬͪͯͪͬ͹ͯͳΒ͹΃ͷ͸͹ͭͳ ͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Βͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ
ͫ͹ΒͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͽͰͱͳͶͳͯͪΒͰ;΂ͳ͸ͰͫͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷ;ͼͪͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹Βͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͺ͹͸ͳ΃ͽͰ
1
ESBHBOTJNFVOPWJD!GQOCHBDST
793
͈͹ͯͼͰͽͳͷ͹ͼͰ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͲͪͷͪ΀ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͫͳ͹ΒͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͳ
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ ͸ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͯͻͱͪͬ; ͳ ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒ; ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͱͳͬͰͶͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂͸Ͱ
ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱ
̸̸͇̹͇̺͆͆͏̸̸̸͇͉̺͇͈͉͇̹́͆̈́͆̾̽̿̾̓̈́̾ͅ
͇͸͹΃ͽ͹͹ͷͰͽͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ̾͌͹ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪΒͰͼͽͰ͹΂ͳͽͪͯͳͼ͹͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸;
ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͳ͹ͯͫͳΒͪΔͰͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪͯͪͽͰ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸͹ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯ; ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ
͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͻͰ΃ͰΔͳͷͪ
ͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͼͬͳ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪΒͪͬͪ ͹ ΔͰ͸͹ͷ
͵ͻͪΒ;ͳͽͰ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͺͼͽͪΒͰ ;ͺ͹ͻ͊ͳͷͰ;͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳ ͸ͪΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͺ͹ͬͻͪ
ͽͪ͵͈͹ͯͳͲͪΔͰͲͳͯ͹ͬͪ ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͻͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ̾͌Βͪͼͪ͸ͼ;ͯ͹͵ͪͲͽ͹ͭͪ
ͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰͼͪͷ͹͹͵ͳͯͪ΂ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͰͼ;ͯͪͼͰΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͰͲ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͯͻͱͪ
ͬͰ͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͷͪ΃ͽͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͺͻͳ΂ͪͶͳͳͺͳͼͪͶͳ ͼͬͳΓ;ͯͳͼ;ͳͺͪ͵ͺ͹ͷͪͶ͹͵ͼͰ
͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ͌ͺͻͪͬ;ΒͰ̈́;ͯͬͳ͍ͭͶͰ͵͵ͪͯͪ͵ͪͱͰͯͪͼͬͳͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͹΂ͳ
ͷͪ ͪͶͳͭͪͬͳͯͳͷ͹͹΂ͳͷͪ͸ͪ΃ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ ͻͪͼͰ ;͵ͻͪΒΔͰͷͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ
΁Ͱ͐͹ͬͰ͵͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͽͳͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰ͸ͼͬͪ͵Ͱͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͭͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ
΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͸ͳͽͳΕͰͳ͵ͪͯͪͫͳͽͳͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ ͷͪ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͪͼͰͫͳ͌͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ΒͼͷͰ͸ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͭͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͼͰͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹΂ͪ͵ͳ͸ͰͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͺͻͳ͵ͶͪΔͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ.
͋Ͱͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ͵͹ΒͳͳͯͰ;Ͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹
͵ͪ͹Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸ͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͳͼͳΓͪͬͪͯͻͱͪͬͰͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͺ;ͽͺ;ͱͪ;ͬͶͪ΂Ͱ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵;Εͳ΁Ͱ͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ
;ͼͬͪ͵͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͶ͹ͱΔͪ
ͬͪΒ; ͻͪͲ͸ͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͪ ͬͻͼͽͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͌
ͺͳͽͪΔ;ΒͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻ͹ͭ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͶͪͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͽͰͻ͹
ͻͳͲͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͳͬͳ΃ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͲͪͲ͹̹ͬͪ͹ͻͫͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪͼͰͼͬ;ͯͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;͸ͪΒͬͳ
΃Ͱͬ͹ͯͳͺͻͰ͵͹͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱͫͳ ͪͼͬͰ͹͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͸Ͱͻͪͯ͹ͯͪΒ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;
ͭͳͷͼͶ;ͱͫͪͷͪ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳ͹͸ͳͷͪͳͲͳͼͽͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ΒͰͻͽ͹ΒͰ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͫͳΕͰͷͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ
ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪ͋͹ͼͰͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͳ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸ͫ͹ͻͫͰ̾͌ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷ͉ͪͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ;̾͌ ͼͬͪ͵ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ
΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͯ;ͱ͸ͪΒͰͯͪͻͪͲͷͰΔ;ΒͰͼͬͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳͷͪͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͪͶͳ
ͼͰ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳͽ͹͸Ͱͻͪͯͳ ͬͰΕͼͰ;ͼͽ;ͺͪͼͪͷ͹ͯͰ͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͼͰ΂;ͬͪͲͪͻͪͯt͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪi͌ͼͶͰͯͽ͹ͭͪͼͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̾͌͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;;ͼͽͬͪͻͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΒ;ͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼ
ͽͬͰ͸͹͵ͪ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̾͌͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͻͰ͵ͶͰͼͬ͹ͭͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ
;͸ͪΒͬͰΕ͹Βͷ͹ͭ;Ε͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͇ͽ;ͯͪΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻ̾͌Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͫ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ
;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͵Γ;΂͸ͪͿͳͭ;ͻͪ;ͽ͹Βͫ͹ͻͫͳ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ͵͹ͻ͹͸Ͱͫͳͽͪ͸Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͫͰͲͺͻͪͬͰ͹ͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹Εͳͳͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͆ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͼͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͼͪͻͪͯΔͳ;͹ͬͪ͵͹ͽͻͪͭͳ΂͸ͳͷͽͻͰ͸;΁ͳͷͪ
͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͺͪͯ;͈ͪͻͳͲ;;͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻ; ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͵ͪͯͪͺͻ͹ΌͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͸ͳͬ͹
794
̸̸͉̻͇̺̽͆͊́̾͌͆́ͣͅͅ: ͈͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͽͰͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͺͪͯͪͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͬͳͷͪΒͪͼ͸͹ͯͪͫͳ͹͸ͪͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͫͳͽͳͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͬͰΕͪ ΒͰͻ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͽͰͻ͹ͻͳ
Ͳͪͷ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͫͰΌͰ͸
͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼ;;͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔ;͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͹͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰ
ͶͰ ͻͳͭ͹ͻ͹Ͳ͸Ͱ ͷͰͻͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͺͻͳͶͳͬͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͪ΂͵ͪ ͳͶͳ ͈͹Γͼ͵ͪ
͇͸Ͱ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃;͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ̾͌;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͷ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪ
ͻͪΒ;͇ͽ͹ͷͰ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͪͻͪͯͳ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪͳͪ͵͹ͼ;ͼͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̾͌ͼͶ͹ͱͳͶͰͯͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͰͻͰͶ͹
͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ ͯ͹ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͰΒͪ͸;ͪͻͪͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͪΒͰͻͰͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͬͰͭͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁F
Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪΒͰͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻ͎͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͪͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯͪͬͪ̾͌ ͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽ
ͳͺ͹ͼͶͪ͹ͺ͹ͻ;͵;ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͯͪt͹ͫͰΕͪΔͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼͰ
ͳͼͺ;͸Ͱi %FHSFFG ͼͽͻ

̹ͻͪ͸ͰΕͳ͈͹Γͼ͵;͹ͯ͸ͪͺͪͯͪtͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͪͳͲ̹ͻͳͼͰͶͪiͲͫ͹ͭ;ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ
ΒͰ ͽͪ ͲͰͷΓͪ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ ; ͺͻͪͬ΁; Βͪ΂ͪΔͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;Όͪ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͸ͪ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵;;͸ͳΒ; ͯͰͼ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷͪΌͪͻͼ͵ͳͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻ̺ͳ͵ͽ͹ͻ͇ͻͫͪ͸ͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹ΒͰ̹ͯͪͻͳͼͰͶ
tͳͻͳͽͳͻͪΒ;ͼ͸ͪͱ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰi ͆͹ͬͳͪͭͪͅͲͳ͸
΃ͽ͹ͫͳ ͼͰͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺͻͳ΂ͪͶ͹͹ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͷ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͵;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶ͹ͼͪͼͽͪ͸͹
ͬͳ΃ͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪͫ͹ͭ͹΀;Ͷ͸͹ͷͳͲΒͪͬ͹ͷ̽ͪΒͰͼͽͪΔͰͳͺͪ͵ͽͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͳ͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸ͪͳͲΒͪͬͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ
͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΀ͪͻͬͪͻͯͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͪͦ͹ͲͰͿͪ͆ͪΒͪ /ZF
ͼͽͻ
ͯͪ ͼͰ t̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ ;͸ͳΒͪ ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪ ͼͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷ Ͷͳͷͳͽͳͷͪ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ
͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ̽Ͱͼ͸ͳ΂ͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͼ;
;͵Γ;΂ͳͶͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ̾͌;ͷͰͽͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵ͼͰ͸͹Ϳ͹ͫͳΒͰi
ͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;ΒͰͯ͸͹͸͹ͬ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ;͵͹Β͹Β΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̾͌ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼͺͻͰͷ
͸͹ͼͽͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͻͰ͵͸;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͲͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͌ ͺͳͽͪΔ;͸ͳΒͰ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͬͰΕͼͽͻͪ΀ͫ͹ͭͪͽͳ΀Ͳͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͼͬ͹ͭͪͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔ̺ͪͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͼ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͰͬͻ͹ͺ
ͼ͵ͰͼͳͶͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΁ͻͺͶͰ̸Ϳͻͳ͵;ͳ̸ͲͳΒ;ͳͼͪͯͪͳͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͯͪ͸ͪͺͶͪͽͰͫͪͻͯͰ͹ͽ͹ͭͪ
̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪΔͳ΀ͱ;ͯͳͲͪ͸ͪͺͶͪͽ͹ͷ;͸͹ͬ΁;ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͷͪ ͪͶͳ͸ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͯΔͳ΀΀͹ΕͰ
͸ͪͺͶͪͽ;;͵ͻͬͳ ͺ͹ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;– Ͳͪͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͹ΒͰͲͰͷΓͰͳͷ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͺͶͪͽͳΕͰͬͪ΃͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;
͈ͪͻͳͲ; ̈́͹͸ͯ͹͸;ͳͶͳͪͯͅͻͳͯ;
̸̸̸͉̺͇̻̹͉͇͈͉͇̹́͆͋̾̾͊̾̈́́̓͋̓̈́̾ͅ
͈͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͲͪΒͪ΂ͪΔͰ̾͌ͳͷͪΒ;̸͊̽̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪΒͰ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷ̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͬͰΕͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͺͻͪͬͳͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻ ͺ͹ͼͬͰͷ;ͯ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͸ͽ͹ͭͪͼͽͪͽ;ͼ̸ͪ͊̽ͼͽ͹ͭͪ͸Ͱ
ͱͰͶͰͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͬͰΕΔͰ͸ͯͪΓͳͻͪͼͽ ͪͶͳ͸ͪͫ;ͯ;Εͳͺ;ͽ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͷͪΒ;ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ
͸Ͱͭ͹ͼͪͷͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͌ͼͽͻͪ΀;͹ͯͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪΔͰ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳͬ͹Β͸Ͱ
ͬͳͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͼͶͰͯ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͪ ͫͻ͹Βͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ ͼͽͪͻͰΔͪ ̸͊̽ ͼͰ ͲͪͶͪͱ; Ͳͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͬͰΕͳ ͺͻͳΒͰͷ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺ; ͵͹Βͳͫͳͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͷͶͪͯ͹΃Ε;ͳΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳͷͻͪͯ͹ͷ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͳͬ͹Β͸;
ͼ͸ͪͭ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͋͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰΒͰͳͲͶ͹ͱͳ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͦ͹ͲͰͿ͆ͪΒ;
ͼͬ͹ͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ;t͇ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͼͶͪͫͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰi /ZF ͼͽͻ
ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬ΃ͳͯͪͫͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;
ͰͼͽͪͫͶͳ΃ͷͰ͸ͽ̸ͪ͊̽ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯͪΓͰͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͵͹ΒͪͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹̸ͯ͊̽Β͹΃͸ͳΒͰͳͲͪ΃ͶͪͳͲ
795
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹;ͭͻ͹ͲͳͶ͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕ;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;̸͊̽;ͼͬͰͽ;͆ͪΒΒͰͼͬͰͼͽͪ͸͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹
ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͺͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͯͪtͳͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͽͪͶͪͼ ͫͳ͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͲͪ
ͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͸ͪ ͯ;ͱͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͹͸ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͳ ͺͻͰͽΔ; Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ;
;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͷ ͬ͹Όͼͽͬ;͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ̸͸ͭͰͶͰͅͰͻ͵ͰͶi /ZF ͼͽͻ
͆ͪΒ͵ͪ͹
ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͰ ͲͪͲ͹ͻͪ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͭ ͫͻ͹Βͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͹ͯ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ;ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͺͻͬ͹ Ͱ͸͹ͻͷͪ͸
ͫͻ͹Βͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ;ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵;ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽ /ZF ͼͽͻ
ͪͶͳͼͷͪͽͻͪͳͯͪ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ͸Ͱͷͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΕͰ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͪ͵ͳͽͻͰΕͳΔͰ͸ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͫͳͽͳͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ͹ͯ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͽͰͯͪΒͰͶ͹ͭͳ΂͸͹ͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͰΒͰͿͽͳ͸͹ͷͻͪͯ͸͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͷͶͪͯͳ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸
Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ̾͌ ͼͽͳ΂; ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ ͹ͫ;͵; ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ;͸ͳͿ͹ͻͷͰ
̓͹ͻͳͼͽͺ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺ;͹ͯͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪΒͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹͸ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵ͪ ͯͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͳ͹ͯͳͼͽͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺͻͰͬͶͪͯͪΒ;
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͻͪͼ;ͯͰͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳͯ͹΃Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͽͳ΂;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͳͶͳͫ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͱͰ
́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹͸ͪͷͰͻ͸͹ ͆ͪΒ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͬͪͱͪ͸ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ
͹ͯͫ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͷͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͰͬͰͻͰ ͬͰΕͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͳͲͷͰΌ;Δͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͻͰͶͳͭͳ
͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͳ̽͹͵ͼ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͪͽͰͳͼͽͳ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͼͶ͹ͬͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͪ
ͽͰͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳΒͳͳ͹ͽ;ͯͳ͸ͪΒͼͰ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳΒͳ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽ ͺͻͳͯ͹΃Ͷͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳ ͵͹Βͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͬͰ͹ͷͪͼ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳ ͳͺ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;͸ͰͷͪͶ͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͪ; ͺͳͽͪΔ;
ͼ;ͫͳͭ͹ͽ͸ͳͳͲͪͽ;΁ͪ͸ͳͬͰͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͷ; ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲͷ;ͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷ;
̽ͪ ͼ; ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳ ͹ͯͳͼͽͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͱͰ͸ͳ ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͬͰͻͳ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ ͯͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͽͻͳ
ͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͬͰͯ;;͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͰͷͪͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪͯͪͼ;͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳͶͳͳͼͶͪͷ
ͪΒ͹΃ͼ;ͻͰΌͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͯͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͳͬͰͻ;ͳͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ͺͻͰ΃Ͷͳ;΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹͉ͪ΂;͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹͵ͪ
Ͳ;Β;ͯͪΒͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͳͲͪͷ;ͼͺ͹Γ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;;͹΂ͳͽ͹Β
͵͹ͶͳͲͳΒͳͼ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͹ͫͻ͹Β;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͳͼͬͻͶ͹ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͷͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹Ε͹ͷ
ͯͪͫͳ͹͸ͳ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ͹ͬͪΒͽͰͷͺ͹ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳ ;ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͿͰͻͽͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͫͻͲͳ͸Ͱͼͷͪ
ΔͰΔͪ ͪ;ͽ͹΀ͽ͹͸͹ͭ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ͬͰΕ ͵ͻͪΒͰͷ ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͷ͹ͭͶͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹ͳͯͪΕͰͳͷͪͽͳͬͶͪͼͽ;
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ͋ͪͯͪͫͳͼͰ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͭͶ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͯͰͼͳͽͳͳͽ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͽͰͱ͸͹ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪͲͪͻͪ
ͽͳͼͪͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ̸͊̽ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪͼͰ;̸͊̽͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͼͶͳͬͪΒ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͳͲ̈́ͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͼ;΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͳ ΃ͽ͹̸͊̽͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸;ͅͰΌ;
ͽͳͷ Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ΕͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͯͪͼͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͽͰ͵͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸Ͱ
ͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ΒͰ̸ͯͪ͊̽Ͳͪͼͪͯ͸ͳͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽͰͲͫ͹ͭͽͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
͊ͬ͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͷͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ̸͊̽ͼ;ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪͶͰͳͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͺͻͰͯͶ͹
ͭ͹ͷͳͲΒͪ͸;ͪͻͪͯͪ͌͆ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͿ͹͸ͯͲͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁Ͱͼͪ͸ͪͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ
ͯͪͲͰͷΓͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΒ;͵ͬ͹ͽͰͲͪͺͻͳΒͰͷͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ %FHSFFG ͼͽͻ

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳͲͫ͹ͻ̽͹͸ͪͶͯͪ͋ͻͪͷͺͪͲͪͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵̸ͪ͊̽ͯ͹͸Ͱ͹ΒͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β;͸ͳΒͳ͸͹ͬ;͸Ͱͺ͹
Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳ΁;;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪͲ̸͇ͪ͆͋ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰ͋ͻͪͷͺΒ͹΃;ͺͻͰͯͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸͹Β͵ͪͷ
ͺͪΔͳ͸ͪΒͪͬͳ͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁̸͇ͪ͆͋͵͹ΒͰͱͰͶͰͯͪͻͪ΂;͸ͪΒ;͸ͪͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ;
ΒͰͻ̸͊̽ͼ͸͹ͼͰ΁ͰͶͳ΀ͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͪͲͪͳͲͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰ ͹ͬͰͬ͹Β͸ͰͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼͰ͋ͳͷͺͻͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͳ͇ͫͪͷͪ
ͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹ͻ;΂ͳ͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳͷ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷ̸͇ͪ͆͋ͯͪΕͰͷ͹ͻͪͽͳͯͪͺ͹΂͸;ͯͪͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;Ͳͪ

͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;ͯͬͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹̹͈̽ ͸ͪ΃ͽͪͳ΀͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;ͺͻͪͬͳͶ̸͇ͪ͆͋ ΃ͽ͹ͼͬͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂͵;
ͯͪͼ;̸͊̽ͺ͹΂ͰͶͰͯͪͷͰΔͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͺͻͰͷ̸͇ͪ͆͋ͳ̾͌͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͶͳͲͰͷΓ;
ͬ͹ͯͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͪͳͶͳ ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ;̸͇͆͋ͺͻͰ͵͹
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪΔͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͹ͯͳͼͽͪͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺ͹Γ;Γͪ
͸ͪ̾͌͸ͰΕͰͳͷͪͽͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͳͷ͹ͻͪΕͰͯͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ;ͬͰΕͪ͸Ͱͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͰ͸ͪͷͳͻͳͺͶͪΕͪΔͰͷΒͰͿͽͳ
͸ͳ΀ͬ͹Β͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪͽ͹ͼ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͫͪ΃͵ͪ͵͹ͳͷͼͰͳͲ̸͊̽ͳͼͪͬͰͽ;ΒͰ
̸̸̸̸͚͉͇͈͉͉͊̓̓́̾ͅͅ
̓ͪͯͪΒͰͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ̺ͳ͵ͽ͹ͻ͇ͻͫͪ͸͹ͯͶ;΂ͳ͹ͯͪ͹ͽ͵ͪͱͰͺ͹ͼͶ;΃͸͹ͼͽͼͬ͹ͷͯ͹Β;΂Ͱͻͪ
΃ΔͰͷͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͻ;ͦ͹ͻΘ;͊͹ͻ͹΃;ͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻͼͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹̹ͻͳͼͰͶ; ͺ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ– ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β
ͳͯͪͺ͹ͬͰͯͰ
ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵;ͺ;ͽͰͷ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪ͸Ͱͼͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͪΒ͹΃ͷͪΔͰͪͬͪ͸ͽ;ͻͪ
̓ͪ͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͪ͸ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻ ͇ͻͫͪ͸ΒͰͲ͸ͪ͹ͯͪͼͶͰͯͳͱͰͼͽ͹͵͸ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪΔͰͭͪͳ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͳͲ
ͽͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪͷ͹Εͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͳͲͯͰͶͪͷͪΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳͳ͸͵Ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͽͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪ ͽͰΒͰͳͷͪ͹
ͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͊͸ͪͭͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪͶͪ ͸ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β
ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹Β;ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͬͰΕͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪͷ͹Εͳ
͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͭͪ͸ͪͺͪͯͪΒ;͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͦ͹ͻΘ͊͹ͻ͹΃ΒͰͼͽͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ; ͪͶͳ
͹͸͸ͳΒͰ̸͊̽ ͸ͳͽͳΒͰ͹͸̸͇͇͆͋͸ΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͬͪͱͪ͸ͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ͸ͽͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸͵Ͱ̸͊̽ͳ
ΔͰ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͲͪͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ̸͊̽΁Ͱ͸Ͱ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͯ͹ͺͻͳ
͸͹ͼͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͼͺ͹Γ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͪͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁̸͇ͪ͆͋ ͺͻͳΓͰͱ͸͹;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;
ΒͰ;ͻͪͽ;;̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸;ͳͼͬͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ̸͊̽ͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸Ͱ͊ͽ͹͇ͭͪͻͫͪ͸
͸ͳΒͰͲͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹ͭͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ͊͹ͻ͹΃;ͳͲͭ;ͫͳ͹ΔͰͷ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͬͪͱ͸;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;̸͊̽̀ͪͽͳͷ ͯͪΒͰ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͶͳ͵΃ͪ΀;Ͳ͸ͪͶ͹ͼͰͳͺͻͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͿͪͷ͹Ͳ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰ̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ΒͽͰͷͳ͇ͻͫͪ͸͹ͬ
΃ͪ΀͹ͬͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲ͵͹ΒͳͷΒͰͷͪͽͳͻͪ͹͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸;ͭͪͶͪͷ;͊͹ͻ͹΃Ͱͬͳ΀ͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁ͪͯͪͷͪΌͪͻͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͯͪ
ͺͻͰͯͬ͹ΌͰ͸͇ͪͻͫͪ͸͹ͷͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͪ͸ͽͳͼͰͷͳͽͼ͵;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻͪ́ͲͻͪͰͶͪ;
̹;ͯͳͷͺͰ΃ͽ; ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻ;ͱͳ͹͇ͻͫͪ͸;ͺ;͸;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;
̸͆͏̸͇͉͉̹́͆̈́͆́́͆͋̾̾͊͊́̾͠VERSUŚ̸̻͉ͅ͏́̾͠
͊ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͳͲͲͰͷͪΓͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͬ͹ͯͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͳ;͵͹Βͳ
ͷͪͼ;ͼͳͽ;ͳͻͪ͸ͰͻͪͲ͸ͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͼͽͰͻͳͲͳ͵͹ͯͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹ΒͰ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹;͹͸ͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;͈ͻͪͬͳͶ͹ΒͰͯͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯ;ͱͰͲͪͯͻ
ͱͪͬͪΒ;ͳͻͳͲͳ͵ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͬͰΕͳ ͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳΒͰ;͹͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͽͻͪΒ͸͹͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;;͵͹
Ͷͳ͵͹ͽͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;ͫ͹ͷͫͪͻͯ͹ͬͪΔ;ͳͶͳ;͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͽͳͺ;ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀
͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͳͲ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͼͽͳͱ; ̀ͪͽ͹ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ ͹ͯ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳͽ͸ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͯ
ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͬͰ͹ͷͪ͹ͲͫͳΓͪ͸ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪ ͷͰΌ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ
͸ͰͳͶͳͺͻͪͬͰͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͋ͪΒͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͷͪͶ͹Ͷͪ͵ ͪͶͳ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪͽͳ͹ͯΔͰͭͪͳͶͳͭͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͳ
ͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͽͳͯͪͼͰ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͺ͹ͼͰΒͰͼͰͷͰͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͭΕͰ͸ͳΕͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͫͳͽ
͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͲͪ͸Ͱͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͲͪͯͪͽ͵ͪΒͰͼͽͰ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪ͹͸͵ͪ͹ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͪͰ͸͹ͻͷ͸ͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ
797
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹͹ͺͽͰͻͰΕ;ΒͰͫ;ΘͰͽͽͰͲͰͷΓͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽ
ͺ;͸͹;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬͪ͵
͊ͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ;ͼͶ͹ͱΔͪͬͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰ΀͹ΕͰͯͪͺͻͳͷͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͰ
ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯͪ͸ͪͷͺͻ͹ͷͺͽ͸͹ͬͻͪΕͪΒ;͉͹ͷͰ
͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͺͳͼ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰͱͳͬͰͶ͹͉͹ͷͪ 1PQPWJǀ 4UB
OLPWJǀ
ͪͯ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͫͻ͹ΒΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪ͹͸ͪ ;ͼͶͰͯ
΂Ͱͭͪͼ;͉͹ͷͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͽͻͰΕͪͺ͹ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͼ͵;ͺͳ͸ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͹ͯͷͪ΀ͳͲͪ͊ͻͫͪͳͪͅΌͪͻͪ
͊ͪͷ͹;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͯ͹ͫͻ͹Β͉͹ͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪ͹Ͳͪ͹͵͹ ͯ͹͵ΒͰͫͻ͹Β͊ͻͫͪͳ
ͪͅΌͪͻͪ ;ͽ͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͺͪ͹Ͳͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ͆Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻ͹Β;͉͹ͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
ͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͰΕͰ͈ͻͰͷͪΔͳͷͪ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͳͷͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳ͉͹ͷͪ ΃ͽ͹͹ͽͬͪͻͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ
tͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͷͳͷͳ͵ͻͳΒͰi͉͹ͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΒͰͫͻ͹Β͉͹ͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͫͳ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱͭ͹
΃ͽ͹ͽ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͺ͹ͺͳͼͳͲ ͪͶͳͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͬͳͫͳͶͳͺ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͳͶͳͼͰ͸ͳͼ;ͳͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹
͉͹ͷͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬ͹Ͷͳ͵ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͫͻ͹Β΂ͪ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ;ͽ͹͵; ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹
ͺͶ͹ͯ ͻͪΌͪΔͪͪ͠ͼ͸͹ ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͭͶͳ ͺͻͳͻͪ΃ͽͪΒ͉͹ͷͪ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͹ͯͿͪͼ΁ͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;
ͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͺͻͳͶͳ͉ͬͪ͹ͷͪ
ͳͲ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͳͲ ͻͪͽ͹ͷ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ ;ͼͶͰͯ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͳͬͪΔͪ ͳͲ
͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳ ͼͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳ ͼͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͳ ;ͼͶͰͯ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͻͳ͸;ͯ͸͹ͭ ͯ͹ͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͪ ͳͲ
ͲͰͷͪΓͪ̾͌͆Ͱ͵Ͱ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰͳ΀ͯͰͺ͹ͻͽ;Β;͸ͪͷͪ ͪ͸Ͱ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹;
͉;ͷ;͸ͳΒ; Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͫͳͼͰͳͲͽͳ΀ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͉̾͌͹ͷͳͶͪ͵΃Ͱͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪͬͻͪͽͰ;
ͫ͹ͭͪͽͰ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͇ͬͪ͵͹ ͺ͹΃ͪΓ;ͳ΀;͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͪͷͳͳͷͯͪͷ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͼ͵͹Βͳͷͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪΔͰͺͻͪͬͪͳͽͰͱͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰ͵ͻͰΕ;ͺ͹̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͽͰͱͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰͽͻͪΒ͸͹;Δ͹Β
͸ͪͼͽͪΔ;Β;
́ͪ͵͹ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͰͽͰͱͰͯͪ͹ͼͽͪ͸;͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼͬͰΕͯͪ͹ͯ;;͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͰͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰͺ͹ͺ;ͽ
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͷͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͯ;ΒͰͷ͹ͽ;Ό͹Β͸Ͱͬ͹Γͳ͌ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͰ
ͯͪͫͳ͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͯ͹Εͳͯ͹ͻͪͽͪͲͫ͹ͭͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͳͷͪͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ
͉ͪͽ͹ͬͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͷͳͳͲͫ͹ͭͷͪΔͳ΀ͼͽͬͪͻͳͅͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͺͪͳ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸;ͺͻͰͽΔ; ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;͵͹ΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͰͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰ ͬͰΕ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ͳͷͪͶͳ͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹
ͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͯͪ ͬͳͯͳͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ; ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͎ͻͬͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͳ ͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹ ͷ͹ͭ; ͸ͪͭͶ͹ ͳ
ͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ ͺ͹ͻͰͷͰͽͳͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͷͰΌ; ͽͳͷ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͌ ͷ;ͽ͸ͳͷ ͬͳͻ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͽͪͶͪͼͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͼͰ͹ͯͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͼ;ͼͰͯͪͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͳͶͪͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͽͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ ͺͪ
΂ͪ͵ ͸ͳ ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ Β͹Β ͵ͻ͹Ͳ Ͳ;ͫͰ ͺͻͰͽͰ ͬͰΕ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͳͻͪ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͼ;ͼͰͯͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͽͻͺͰΕͳ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ
ͳͲͬͰͼ͸;΃ͽͰͽ; ͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹Βͪͼͪ͸ͯ͹͵ͪͲ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳ ͬͰΕͱͰΓͰͲͪͷͳͻ͹ͷͳ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͺͻͳΒͪ
ͽͰΓͼͽͬͪ͊ͬͪ͵͹ͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼͽͬ͹ ͺͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ ;ͬͰ͵ͼͰͭͻͪͯͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ͸͹ͷͺͪͱΔ͹ͷͳͺ͹͵Ͷ͹͸ͳ
ͷͪ ͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͳͯͰͽͳͷ;ͽͪͫͪ͸ͳͷͺ;ͽͰͷ
͊ͬͰΒͰͭͶͪͼ͸ͳΒͪͳͯͰΒͪ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ̾͌ͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͰ;
ͪ͵;ͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ ΒͰͲͰͻ͹ ; ͵͹ΒͰ ͫͳ ͼͰ ͼͶͳͬͪͶͪ ͻͰ͵ͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ ͫͳͶͳ
ͺͻ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪ͸ͳ;̾͌ͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΔͰ͸ͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͷ͇ͪͬͪ͵ͬͪ͹ͺ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹Βͼ;ͺ
ͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͷ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳΔͰ͸ͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͲͫ͹ͭ

ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭ ͫͻ͹Βͪ ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸Ͱͷͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͳ
;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͯͪͲͪͯͻͱͳͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸ͫͻ͹Βͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͼͬ͹ͷ ͽͶ;ͅͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ͵͹Βͳ
;ͼͺͰΒ;ͯͪͼͰͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͳͽ;ͳͻͪΒ;;͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ ͺͪͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ;ͼͶͰͯ
ͫͻ͹Β΂ͪ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͽͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͰΕͳͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸͸ͰͿ͹ͻ
ͷͪͶ͸ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ͵͹Βͳ ͽͰͱͳ ͯͪ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͲͫͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͲͰͷΓͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͪ ΂ͪ͵ͳͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰΒͰͺͶͪ΃ͳͽͳͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͷͪͳ͵ͪͱΔͪͬͪͽͳΒͰ
ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ΂ͳ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ
͇΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͰͯͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ΒͰͯ͸ͪͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͲͰͷΓͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹
ͻͪͯͳ͸ͪͼͬ͹ͷͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬ͵; ͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒ͹Β͸ͪͷͰΕͰ̾͌ͺ͹΂͸Ͱ
ͯͪͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͪͫ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͪ͸ͽͰͻͰͽͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͳΒͰͻͰͪͶ͸͹ ͽͳͷͷͪΔͰͪ͵͹Δ͹Β ͼ;ͼͰͯ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ– ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ
΁Ͱ̾͌– ͺ͹ͯͳͱ;Ͳͳͯ͹ͬͰͳͭ;ͻͪΒ;ΒͰͽͪ͵͹;ͷ;ͶͽͳͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͵ͻͳͲ;ͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪΕͰͳ͵ͪͯ
ͬͳ΃Ͱͷ͹ΕͳͯͪͳͲͪΌͰͪ͵͹ͫͻ͹Βͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ;Δ͹ΒͺͻͰͻͪͼͽͰͼͬͰ͸ͳͬ͹ͰΔͰ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͺͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͲͯͻͱΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͯͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͰ
ͽͰͻͪ͸͹ͯ;ͭͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳͽͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒ;͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ͸ͳͼ;;ΔͰ͸͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ͬͰΕ
ͼ;ͷ;΂ͪ͵ͳͳͲͻͪͲͳͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ
̹;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;͊ͻͫͳΒͰͯͪͼͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ;Δ͹Βͯ;ͱͰ͸ͰͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ; ͹͸ͪ
ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͶͰͯͳͶ͹ͭͳ͵;͎͌͆͏͉ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͲͪͶͪͱͰͯͪͼͰͽͻͳΒͪͱͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪͬͻ΃ͳ;͋;ͻͼ͵͹Βͳ̻ͻ΂͵͹Β
ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͻͰͶ͹΁ͳͻͪΒ;ͳͲͽͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͲͰͷΓͰ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ
͆ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͫͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ ͫͳͶͪ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ Ͳͪ͹ͫͳΌͰ͸ͪ ͳ ͺ͹΃ͽͰΌͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͼͬͳ΀ ͸Ͱͬ͹Γͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͪ ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ
ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵ͳͽͪͶͪͼ
̈́͹ͭͳ͵ͪͳͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭ̾͌ͼ;ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͳ͊ͻͫͳΒͪΒͰͲͫ͹ͭͼͬ͹ͭ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾͌
ͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸ͪͯͪͳͺͪ͵ͼͶͰͯͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͌͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͳͲͫͰͭ͸Ͱͷ͹ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹
ͼͽͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰ͹͸ͯͪͺͻͳͺͻͰͷͳͽͳͼͰͲͪͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͺͶͪ͸;͇͸͹΃ͽ͹͸ͪͼͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹΂Ͱ͵ͪΒͰͼͽͰ
ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ͸ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ΃ͽ͹΀ͳͽ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔͰͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͫͳͼͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͻͰͶͪ͵ͼͳͻͪͶͪ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͷͰΌ;ͼ;ͼͰͯͳͷͪͳͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵ͪͯͼ;;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͫͰͲͼ;ͷΔͰͼͷͪΔͳͶ͹ͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ;ͼͬͪ͵͹Β͹ͯͽͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ

̸̸̸̹̻͇̹͊͌̽́͆̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ΒͰ;ͭͻ͹ͲͳͶ͹ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹Β;ΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; ͵ͻͪͼͳͶ͹ ͪͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͫͻͲͳ͸ͪ͌
ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ΒͰͽͰͱͳ͹ͫͻͲͳ͸ͳ͊ͪͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͼͰ͹͸ͺͶͪ΃ͳ̹ͻͲͳ͸ͪ͵͹Β;ΒͰͯ͹͸ͰͶͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͫͳͶͪͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ;ͺͻͰͫͻͲ͹ͭ;͸ͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͪͬͰΕͳ;ͫͻͲͳ͸ͳ
͹ͯ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͪͽͳͷͰ;ͬͰ͵;͵ͻͪΒΔͰͷͳ
Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͌Ͳ ͽ͹ ;ͫͻͲͪΔͰ ͽͰ ;͸ͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ; t͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪΒͭͻ;ͫΓ͹ͷͼͳͶ͹ͷ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͽ;ͯ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸;ͼ;ͷΔ;;ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͽͲͬͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͳͼͬͰͽ
͊ͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͸ͪΒͪͬͪ ͫͻͲ͹ͭ ͵ͻͪΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳ ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔͰ
͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱ΂Ͱͭ ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ ͺͻͰͱͳͬͰͶ͹ͭ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ DSFEP ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͹ͯ
799
ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭ ͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ ͸ͪΒͭͶͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪͶͳ Ͳͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ
;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ t͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi ͬͰΕ ͹ͯ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͹ͬͰ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ΒͰ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͪ ͯͪ΀ ;ͼͶͰͯ
ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͼ ͻͰͪͶ͸͹΃Ε; ͱͳͶͪͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪ ͼͪͯͪ ΒͰ ; ͯ͹ͫ; ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͪ ͳ ͼͬ͹Β ͿͳΒͪͼ͵͹ ;ͼͶͰͯ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁;
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͼͶͰͯͳ͸ͽͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹Βͪ΂ͪΔͪͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ;͸ͳͲ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ̾͌ ͵ͪ͹ͫͰͲ
ͼ;ͷΔͰ͸ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΒ͹ΒͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ
͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸ͰͻͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;΃ͽͪͼͺͪͯͪͳ̹ͻͰͭͲͳͽ
͸ͳͲͪͲͰͷͪΓͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾͌͵ͪ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͳͯ͹ͼ͵͹ͻͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͻͪͲ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ;΀ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ ͼͪͷ͹ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͬͰΕ ͳ ;͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ ΃ͽ͹ ͹ͽͬͪͻͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;
ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͳͲͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ͸Ͱͯ͹ͯͳͻΓͳͬͳ΀ͺͻͰͷͳͼͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͳ͹ͽͬͪͻͪͺ;ͽͺͳͽͪΔ;
ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ;ͼͶͰͯ ͼ;ͯͪͻͪ ͼ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͯͻͱͪͬ͹ͷ ͳ
ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͪͶͳͳͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͲͪͼͰͫ͸ͳͷͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͹ͷ
͌ͭͶͰͯ͸ͳ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳ ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ ̹ͻ;͸͹ ̈́ͪͽ;ͻ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͽͬͻͯͳ ͯͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͸ͳͲͪ ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͰ΃ͪ͵ͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ̀ͰͷΓͳ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ ͻͰΕͳ – ͳ ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͰ΀͹ͬͪ ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ t͸ͳ͵͹
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͰͬͰͻ;ΒͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͼͬͰͽi ̈́ͪͽ;ͻ ͼͽͻ
ͽΒͯͪt͹͸ͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ͵͹ͭ ͸ͰͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͳͳ͸ͳΒͰ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ΀͹ͻͳͲ͹͸ͽ͵͹ͷͰͽͰͱͳͷ͹i ͳͼͽ͹

͌ͺͻͪͬ͹͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͲͷͳͼͶͳͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͺͻͬͳͼ;ΒͰͳͳͲͯͪͶͳͼͬ͹Βͳͷ
ͳͲͶͪͼ͵͹ͷͳ͸ͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ;̾͌͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳΒ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;͸ͪͼͬͰͽ;́ͪ͵͹͸ͳͼ;;ͲͯͳͭͶͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͷͳͽ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͷͻͽ͹͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸΁ͳ ͼ; ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ Β͹΃
͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͭ͹ͻͰͺ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ΒͰͻͼ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ͲͯͳͭͶͳ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹̹ͭͻͰͭͲͳͽ͸ͳΒͰ
ͽͰͱͪ͵Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͬͰΕ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳ ;ͯͪͻͪ΁ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹Β ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β ;͸ͳΒͳ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ;ͽ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͼͷͰͻ; ͬͰΕͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵͸ͪͼͽͪͻ͹̓ͪ͵͹ͽͪΒͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵͸ͪͼͽͪͻ͹͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͲͪͻͰͭͻͰͼ
ͬͰΕ Ͳͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼ ͽͳͷͰ ͼ; ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ;ͶͪͲͪ͵ ; ̾͌ ͬͰΕ ͳ ͹͸ͪ ; ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͲͪͭͻͰ΃͵;͌ͯͪͻͪ΁ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯ͹Εͳ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͭ͹ͯ͸ͳΒͰͭͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͸ͳͽͳͼͰ
͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯΔͰͭͪͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͬͳͽͳ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Β;ͱͳͬͳͷ͹ͽͳͷͰ͹ͺͼͽͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ
tͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪi ͵͹Βͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬͻ΃ͳͬͳ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ ;ͬͰ͵ ͽͻͪΒͰ ͽͰ͵ ͹͸͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͯ;ͭ͹ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼ;
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳ͸ͪΒΒͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ;

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i/FX8PSME0SEFSuBTQPMJUJDBMBOEMFHBMDPOTUSVDUJPOPGUIFHMPCBMTZTUFN
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CVUJOBMMBSFBTBGGFDUFECZUIFNJHSBUJPOGMPXT
KEYWORDS: nationTUBUF TPWFSFJHOUZ HMPCBMJTN HMPCBMJ[BUJPO UIFi/FX8PSME0SEFSu NJHSBUJPOT
resovereignization.

314.151.3
̸̸̸̸͉̺͇̺̈́̾̓͊͆̽͊͋̾͆́ͣͅ1
̸̸̸͚͇̺͆̾̈́̽̓̾͆́ͣ͡
ͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳ
Ϳͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ ̓ͪͽͰͯͻͪͲͪͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
̸̸̸̸͇͍͚̻͉̓͆̈́́̓͋́́̀̾͌́͆͋͆ͅͅ
̸͉̻͇͇͇̺͇͇̹̻̺̾̈́́́͊̓͊͆́͋̓́̀̾̈́́͑͋͠͠ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͽ͹͵͹ͷ
ͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΃ͽ͇ͬͪͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬΔͰͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;Ϳ͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͪͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪͼͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷͯͪ ͼͰͯ͹ͫͳΒ;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͶͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ
ͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͳͶͳ͍͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͪΒͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͽͰͷ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΃ͽ͈ͬͪͻͳͭ͹ͯͪ͸;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ΒͰͷͳͭͻͪ
͸ͪͽ͈ͪͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ;͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ; ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷ;΃͵͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͪ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͭͻ;ͺͰͺ͹΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ
͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͭͻ;ͺͳ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͪ ̀ͪ ͹ͫͻͪͯ; ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ
͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͪΒͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͼ;͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳͼͪ͸ͳͺͻͰͷͪͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͰ͸͹ͷͳͼ͵;
ͼͽͬ; ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͬͻͼͽͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͳ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ; ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͷͰΌ; ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳͯͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͳͷͪΒ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͪͷͪΔͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪͽ͹͵͹ͷ
ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͻ;ͽͰͺ;ͽͪ ͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͪͯͻͱͪͬΓͪ͸ͳͷͪͲͰͷΓͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹Β;ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼ;ͽ͹̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵ͪ
̻ͻ΂͵ͪͳ͊ͻͫͳΒ̹ͪͳͶ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹;͵ͪͷͺ;ͭͯͰͼ;ͫͳͶͳͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;΃ͳͳͽͪ ͼ;͸ͳͽͪ ΒͰͲͳͯͪ ̓;ͻͯͪ ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͰͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͷͰΌ;͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳͷͪͳͯͰ΁͹ͷ
̓ͪ͹
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͪΒΔ;ͯͰͼͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͬ͹ͭͺ;ͽͪ ΒͰͻΕͰͽͪͷ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͽͳͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ͯͻ;ͭͰΓ;ͯͰ
ͳͼͪͷ;ͯͻͱͪͬ;ͭͯͰΕͰͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͽͳͺͻͳΒͪͬ;ͲͪͪͲͳͶ̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹
ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰͽͳͷͰΔͪΔͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ;ͼͬͻ΀;ͺͻͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β
͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: Ϳ͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ
̺͇͌̽
͌ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͇͸ͳͺͻͪͽͰͯͻ;΃
ͽͬ͹͹ͯΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ ͼͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͷͰΔͪ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͫͳͷͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ
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̸̺͇̺͊͋̾͆́ͣ ̸͇̺̓̾͆́ͣ͡: ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Βw
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼ;ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ;ͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͻͪͲ
Ͷͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳͶͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͬͳΌͰΔͪ
ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͽ;Όͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͳͶͳ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔ;ͼ͹ͺͼ
ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͳͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ; ͹ͺ΀͹ΌͰΔ; ͼ ͫͶͳͱΔͳͷͪ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͪͶͳ ͳ ;͸;ͽͪͻ ͳͶͳ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͻ;ͺͪͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͹ͬ͹ͭͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼͰ͸;ͱ͸͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͳ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͪ
͵ͻͪΒ; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯtͼͶͳ͵ͪiͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͷͳΓͰͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ
̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪΓ;ͯͳͼͰͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͸ͪΌͰ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͆ͪΕͳͼͰ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹Βͼͳͽ;
ͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͫͳͽͳ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ΃ͻͪͲ;ͷ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͽͰͱͪ͵Ͳͪͯͪ
ͽͪ͵͆Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͰtͺ͹ͫͰͯͳͽͳi;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΒͰͻͺ͹ͫͰͯͪͫͳ;ͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͪͯͪΒͰ
ͳͼ΀͹ͯ ΁ͰͶͰ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͼͪͷ͹ Ͳͪ ΒͰͯ͸; ͹ͯ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͋͹ ͸ͳ ; ͵͹ͷ
ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳͼ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ
͇ͬ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͯͬͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪͽͳͳͶͳ
ͼ;ͲͫͳΒͪͽͳ ͬͰΕͽͻͰͫͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͻͪͯͳͽͳ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;͌ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͬͻͰͷͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͳͼͺͻͪͬͪ͸
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ

͇͍̓͆̈́́̓͋́
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͳͶͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ
ͭͻ;ͺͪ
;͵͹Βͳͷͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͪ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͳͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͳͶͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹͵ͪͯͺ͹ΒͰ
ͯͳ͸΁ͳ ͳͶͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͻͪͯͰ ΒͰͯ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͼ; ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ͷͰΌ;
Γ;ͯͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ; ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹
͸Ͱͼͺ͹ΒͳͬͰ ͳͶͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͵ͪͯͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͊ͺͪͼͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ΒͪͬͪͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͲͪ
ͭͻ;ͺ͸͹ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͼͽͪͻͳ ͼ; ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͳ ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͇͸ͳ ͼ; ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ
ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΕͳ͸ͪͼͬͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹ͳͷͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͼͰ͸ͰͼͷͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ
΂ͳͽͳ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ ͸ͳͽͳͼͰͼͷͰͷͰ΃ͪͽͳͼͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͷͪ
͈͹ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͲͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪΒͰͼ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪͪ͸ͪ
ͶͳͲͪ͸Ͱͼͪͯͻͱͳͼͪͷ͹;Ͳͻ͹͵Ͱͳͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͬͰΕͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͰͻͰ΃ͰΔͪͯ͹͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰ
ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷͯ͹ͽͪͯͪ΃
ΔͰͭͽ͹͵ͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽ͇ͪͯͬͳΒͪΒ;ͼͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͿͪͲͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͌ͺͻͰͽͿͪͲͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ
͸ͪͽͳ ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ ͳͶͳ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͸ͳ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͌ ͿͪͲͳ Ͱͼ͵ͪͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͪ
Ͳͪ͹΃ͽͻͪͬͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ;͌ͽͲͬͿͪͲͳͻͪͲΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΔͪͻͪͯͳͼͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ
ͼ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃ͰͳͳͲͭͻͪͯͳ ͅͳͶ͹΃ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͰͿͪͲͰͼͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;t͵ͻͳͬͳ
͸Ͱi͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͋͹͵͹ͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͿͪͲͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸Ͱͼ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͪͬΓͰΔͪ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵
ͽ͹ͷ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͼͷͳͻͳͬͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͳͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͼ͵ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
̽ͪ ͫͳͼͷ͹ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ ΃ͽ͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͳΒͳͷ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͫ͹ΓͰ
;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͷ͹ ͼͪͷ;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸;; ͵͹Β͹Β ͰͭͲͳͼͽͳͻͪͷ͹͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͰͶͳͷ͹ͳͲͫͰΕͳ ΂ͰͼͽͰ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ

ͼ;͵͹ͫͰ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͪΒͰ ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͈ͪͻͰͷͪͼͽͬͪ
ͻͳͷͪ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪͷͪ ͳͶͳ ͫͳΕͳͷͪ Ͳͪ;Ͳͳͷͪͷ͹ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ ͼͽͪͬ ͻͰΌͰ ͼͰ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͯͪ ͼͷ͹ ͳ͸ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ
̓ͪͯͪ͸ͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͯͰͶ;Β;ͯͬͰ͹ͯͫ͹Β͸ͰͳͶͳͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵
ͽͪ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ;͵ͪͯͪͼͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͷ͹ͽͳͬͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͷ͹ͽͳͬ; ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ
ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͺ͹Γͪ΃ΔͪͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ
͉̺͇͍̽͌͑͋̾͆́̓͆̈́́̓͋́
̿ͳͬ͹ͽͳͻͪͯͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ;ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͳͻͪͲ͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷ͇ͪ͸ͳ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ;Ͳͻ͹͵Ͱ ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽΒͰͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͺͪͳ͹΃ͽͻͳ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔ͉ͪͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ
ͼ;ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͳͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͌Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͼ;͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳ
ͬ͸Ͱͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ +VTTJNFUBM ͼͽͻ

x ͇ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳͼ;͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͳ ͻͪͼ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ
x ͊;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹΁ͳ ͼ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͼͳ΀ͪ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ

͵͹ΒͳΓ;ͯͳͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪΒ; ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͳͽ;ͷͪ΂Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ
̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͼ;ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪͼͰͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ
͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͳͺͻͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΔͪ͡;ͯͼ͵ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͼͰͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͯͬͳ
Βͪͽͳ ͫͰͲ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ́͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͱͰͶͳ ͯͪ ͱͳͬͳ ͫͰͲ Δͳ΀ ͸;ͱ͸͹ Ͳͪͺͪͯͪ ; ͵͹͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͲͪͷ
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͲͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸ͳ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼ; ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
ͳͻͪͯͪ͋͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͳ΀ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΁ͪͽͳͳͼͽͬͪͻͪͽͳ͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ΃ͽͰͽ͸ͰͳͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰͽͻͰͫͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳͳͻͪͲͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͽͳ̹ͰͲͽ͹ͭͪͼ;͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬͳ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͪ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͻͪͯ
ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ

͇͍̾͋͆́͐̓́̓͆̈́́̓͋́
̾ͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͯ;ͭ͹ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͽ͹ͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪΒͰ͆ͪͼͺͳͼ͵;͹ͯͯͰͼͰͽ͸ͪΒ͵ͻͬͪͬͳΒͳ΀;͸;ͽͪͻͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ;99ͬͰ͵;ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͼ;ͫͳͶͳ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͳͽ͹;͊;ͯͪ͸; ––200
̹ͪ͸ͭͶͪͯͰ΃; ͼͰ΁ͰͼͳΒͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

͉;ͪ͸ͯͳ
̹͹ͼ͸ͳ –
ͳ͆ͳͭͰͻͳΒͳ –

̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͻͰ΂ΒͰ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͽͰ΃͵͹ͻͰ΃ͳͬͳ ͯ;ͭ͹ͽͻͪΒ͸ͳ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ
ͳͶͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͳͶͳ ; ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ́ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ΒͰ
Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻͳͬͪ͸͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽ͇ͪͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹tͼ;͵͹ͫͳ͸ͳͼ͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪi ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳͼ;
͵ͻ͹ͲͺͻͳͲͷ;ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪtͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͽͰͽͪiͳͲͷͰΌ;́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ $PS
EFMMFUBM ͼͽͻ
͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͶͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
ͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͹;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪͫ͹ͻͫͰ
ͯͬͰΒ;ͼ;ͺͰͻͼͳͶͪ́ͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͽ͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ΒͰ
͹ͽ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͶͪͺͪͱΔ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͼͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ

͈͹ͬͰΕͪ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͪͶͳͳ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ͹ͬͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ
͸ͳΒͳ΀ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͫͻ͹Β Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸ ; ͺ͹ͻͰΌͰΔ; ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ
͸ͪͼͳΓͪ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͫͻ͹ΒͷͰΌ;
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ͹ͺͪͯͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;͸;ͽͪͻͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹͸ͳͼ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͺͻͰͯͲ͸ͪ͵͹ͷ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ
+BOOF ͼͽͻ

͠͹΃ΒͰͯ͸ͪͬͪͱ͸ͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ͹͸ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͷ͹ΕͺͻͰͶͳͬͪΔͪͳ
ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵͸;ͯͻͱͪͬͰͯͪ͵ͻͰ͸;;ͻͪͽΒͰͯ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͺ͹Γͪ΃Δͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ
ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ΁ͳΓͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪΔͰͳͶͳͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪͳͲ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͶͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ
͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͷ͹ͱͰͶͪ͵͹ͯͪͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ;ͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͻͪͽ͌ͽͪ͵ͬ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͳͲͬ͹ͻͺͻͰͽΔͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
ΒͰͻͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͰͬͰΕͰͼ;͵͹ͫͰͳͯͰͼͽͪͫͳͶͳͲ;ΒͰͻͰͭͳ͹͸ +BOOF ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ Γ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͽͳ ͼ ͹͸ͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ
͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;;ͼͶͰͯͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ͌ΔͳͷͪΒͰͼͬͰͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͳ΀ͱͻͽͪͬͪ
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ΒͰͻͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸
ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͪ͌͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β; ͹ͬͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;;ͼͶͰͯ͸ͪͷͰͻͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͲͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ

̸̸̸̺͇̺͇̻͉͉̹͊͋́́͆͋́͌͊́́͠ͅͅ
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͺͻͰͷͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹Β͵ͻͳͲͳ͹ͽ͵ͻͳͶͪΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͺ͹ͷͰ
΃ͪ͸ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͯͬͰΕͳ͸ͰΓ;ͯͳ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ
͸Ͱͭ;ΒͰ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ͋͹͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸
ͽͳͷͪ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͫͶͪͭ͹͸ͪ͵Ͷ͹͸͈ͻͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻ;ͱͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ
ͽͻͪͭ;΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹ͭͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͪͫͳ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͶͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽ͉ͪͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹ΒΓ;ͯͳΒͰͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ͵͹Β;ΒͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͺͻͳͯ͹ͫͳͽͳͲͪͫͳͶ͹
͵͹Β; ͬͻͼͽ; ͻͰͶͪ͵ͼͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Β͹΃ ͷͪΔͳ ͯͰ͹ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͰͷͪͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ;ͷͰͻͳͯͪͫͳͳ ͫͰͲͫͳͶ͹͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͬͳͯͪ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶ͹ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͰ ͳ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶ͹ Δͳ΀͹ͬ; ͸ͰͼͷͰͽͪ͸; ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͊ͪ ͼͬͳͷͪ
͹ͼͽͪͶͳͷͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ΒͰͳͷͪͽͳͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͻͪͯͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ
͸ͳ΀ͳͪͿͳͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͋Ͱ͹͵ͪͻͰͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͬͪͱ͸͹ͳͫͰͲ΂ͰͭͪͼͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͳ΂ͰͼͰ
͸;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͸ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͻͰͪͶͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸Ͱͫ;ͯͰ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͺͻͳͶͳͬ͹ͷͳͲͫͰ
ͭͶͳ΁ͪ
̓͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͬͪͱͪ͸ ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶͪ Ͳͪ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒ; ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͬͯͪ΃ΔͰ ͳ
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͰͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪΒ;͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸͹ͭΒͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͷ͹ͭ;
Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͋Ͱ͹͵ͪͻͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͉̻̾̈́́́̾͠
̽ͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͺ͹ΒͷͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͬͰ͹ͷͪͽͰͱͪ͵Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ΒͰͻΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͼͪͷͪͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ
ͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͆Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳͳ
ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
͈͹ΒͪͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ΒͰ ͹ͯͶͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͭͶͪͭ͹ͶͪSFMJHJP SFMJHBSF ΃ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪͽͳ ͺͻͳ
΂Ͱͷ;ͼͰͷͳͼͶͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ
ͼͪΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͫͳΕͳͷͪͳ̹͹ͭ͹ͷ
̺ͰͻͪͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͹;ͬͰͻͰΔͰ;ͳͼͽͳ͸;͸Ͱ͵ͰͽͬͻͯΔͰͫͰͲΔͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͬͰͻͰ͈ͻͰ
ͷͪ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͳͼ΀͹ͯͪ ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ͹ͭ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ ͳͶͳ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͑;΃ΔͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̺Ͱͻͪ ΒͰ ; ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͬͻͶ͹ ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͪ ΒͰͻ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹ͷ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͬͰͻ;ΒͰͷ͹;ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͳ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ΂ͳ͸ͳ͡;ͯͳͬͰͻ;Β;;ͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱ ͳͯͰΒͰ ͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ
Γ;ͫͪͬ ͯͻ;ͭͰΓ;ͯͰͳ͸ͪͷͰͻͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͷ͸͹ͭͰͯͻ;ͭͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͰͳͶͳ͸ͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸Ͱͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;
΀͹ͻ͹ͼ͵͹ͺͳ ͳͶͳ ͬͰ΃ͽͳ΁Ͱ ͌ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͬͰͻͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͯͰ͹ ΃ͳͻͰͭ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͳͶͳ
ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͽͰͷͰΓͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽ ͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͫ͹ͭ͹ͼͶ;ͱͰΔͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;̹͹ͭͪ;ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ̀ͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ
ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͰ ; ͬͰΕͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͫ͹ͭ͹ͬͪ ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β; ͸Ͱ͵; ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͬͰͻ; ͳͶͳ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ; ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵;Β;͸Ͱ͵;ͬͻͼͽ;ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͼͬ͹ΒͶͳ΂͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͰͬͰͲͪ͸͹Ͳͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ
͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͪΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪ;ͯ͹ͫͪͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺͪͺ͹ͯͶͰͱͰ͹ͯͻͰ
ΌͰ͸ͳͷ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͳ ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ ͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒ; ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸;
ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ Γ;ͯͳ ͼ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ ͬͳ΃ͳͷͫͳΕͰͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹̹͹ͭ͹ͷ ͑;΃ΔͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
̹͹ͭΒͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͲͪͷͳͼͪ͹͹͸Ͱ͵͹Β͸ͪͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͳͶͳ͹͸͹ͲͰͷͪΓͼ͵͹ΒͼͳͶͳ͉ͰͶͳͭͳΒͪΒͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ;͵͹ͷͰͼͰͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͼͳͶͰͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͹͸ͪͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸Ͱ
͹ͯ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͊ͬͪ͵ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͬͳ΃ͰͳͶͳͷͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹;΂ͰΔͰ
͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͼͬͻ΀;ͳͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;ͼͬͰͭͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͭ
̸̸̸͈͇̺͉̻͇͉͉̺͇̾̈́́́̾́̾͆́͊͋́͊̓́̀͢͠͠͠͠
̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͸ͪͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͫͳΕͪͳͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͯͪͽͳͻͪΒ͹΃ͳͲͺͻͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͯ
ͼͪͷͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͋͹͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽ;Β;ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ ͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪΕͳ͸ͪͲͳͯ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͰΕͳ͸Ͱ̸Ͷͽͪ
ͷͳͻͪ;͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͳ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͬͳͯͰͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͪ͐͹ͬͰ͵ΒͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪ͹;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ
͸ͪͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͰΕͰͷ;ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳͯͪͺ͹ͬͰΕͪ;Ͷ͹ͬ ͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͼͶͳ͵ͪΒͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪ͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ
͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͳͲͷͰΌ;ΔͰͭͪ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ
ͳ͢Ͱͭͪ ͸ͪͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ
͊ͷͪͻͽ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͻͰͶͳ
ͭͳΒͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼͰΒ͹΃;ͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸͹ΒΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͬͳΌͪΔͪͯͪͼͰͷ͸͹
ͭͰͼͽͬͪͻͳ;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͳͫͰͲΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͬ͹ΓͰͳͯͪ͹͸͸ͪͽͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͽͳͯͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ
͸ͳͽͳͯͪͳ΀͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ͷͪ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͽͻ;ͯͳ͹͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;;΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ͷ;ͷ;͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳͺͻͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳ
tͫ͹ͭ͹ͬͪi ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷ
͐͹ͬͰ͵ΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͪ͹ͯͪ͹ͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͼͳͶͰ;ͷͳͶ͹ͼͽͳͬͳͷ͹Ͷͳͽͬͪͷͪͳͱͻͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ

͊ͬͰͼͽ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳͼͰͷͰΔͪͶͪͼͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͼͬͰͼͽͳΕͰ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͰͻͪͼͽͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͬͳͯͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͳ͸ͪ;΂͸;ͼͬͰͼͽ
͊͌͆́͋́́͑́́͋́
͆ͪͺͻͬͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳΒͰͯ͸ͪͷ͹͸͹Ͷͳͽ͸ͪͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͪͬͰͻͪ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͼͬͪ͵ͳͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͬͰͻ;ΒͰ
; ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ ͳͯͰͪͶ ̸Ͷͳ ; ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͳ ͼ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͽͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͉ͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱͼ; ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͬ͹ͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;
́ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͷ͸͹ͭͰͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͼͰ͵ͽͰ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͪΒͰ͸ͪͼ;͸ͳͽͰͳ΃ͳͳͽͰ͊;͸ͳͽͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ
͹͵͹ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ ; ͼͬͰͽ; ͪ ΃ͳͳͽͳ ͹͵͹ ͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳͲͷͰΌ;
Δͳ΀ͼ;ͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸Ͱͳͽͳ΂;ͼͰ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ́ͷͪͽ;ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ͸ͼͪͷͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͼͷͪͶ͹ͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸ͪͻ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ /BTS ͼͽͻ

͑ͳͳͽͳ ͼ; ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ ; ́ͻͪ͸; Β;ͱ͸͹ͷ ́ͻͪ͵; ͳ ͠;ͱ͸͹Β ̸ͲͳΒͳ ͇ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰ ͳ΀ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ
Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ;΂ͰΔͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͳͲ ͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ ΃ͳͳͽͪ ͹͸ͳ ͼͰͫͰ ͬͳͯͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͳͲͪͫͻͪ͸Ͱ ͪͶ΀ͪͼͼͪ

͵͹ΒͳͱͳͬͰͷͰΌ;ͷͪͼ͹ͷ ͪͶͪͷͷͪ
ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ
̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪΔͪ΃ͳͳͽͪ;ͼͻͰͯͼͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͼ;͸ͪͶͳ͵̸ͶͳΒͪ̓ͪ͹͈͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͻ͹Όͪ͵ ͲͰͽ ͹͸ΒͰͫͳ͹ͳͺͻͬͳ
ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁̹ͳ͹ΒͰͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ;͸ͳͲ;͹ͯ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͬͰͻ͸Ͱ΀ͪͶͳͿͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳͶͳ
͈͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͻͳ;͸;ͽͪͻͳͼͶͪͷ̸ͪͶͳΒͰͬͪ΀ͪͻͳͲͷͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͶͪͬͳͽͰ΃ͽͬ͹ͳͷ;ͯ
ͻ͹ͼͽ ΒͰͼͽͰͫͰͼͺͻͰ͵͹ͻ͸͈ͪ͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ΒͰ͹ΔͰͷ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹tͪ͠ͼͪͷͭͻͪͯͲ͸ͪΔͪ ̸ͪͶͳΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͺͳ
Βͪi ̓͹ͻͫͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
̸Ͷͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ ͱͰ͸ͪ ͍ͪͽͳͷͪ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ͯͬͪ ͼͳ͸ͪ ͷ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͎ͪͼͪ͸ ͳ
͎;ͼͰͳ͸ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͰͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ;΃ͳͳͽͼ͵͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳ͢ͳ΀;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ͳ
ͼ;͸ͳͽͳ͑ͳͳͽͳͬͰͻ;Β;;ͽ͹ͯͪΒͰ͈͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͳͲͪͫͻͪ͹̸ͶͳΒͪͲͪͼͬ͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͯͪΒͰ͹͸Ͳͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ
ͫͳ͹ͳͺͻͬͳ΀ͪͶͳͿ̸ͪͶͳΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͪͶͳͿͪ͵͹ͭͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͳ΃ͳͳͽͳͳͼ;͸ͳͽͳ͑ͳͳͽͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁;Β;
ͺͻͬͪͽͻͳ΀ͪͶͳͿͪͽͪͺ͹ͯͬ͹Όͼͽͬ͹ͷ̸ͫ;̹Ͱ͵ͻͪ ͇ͷͰͻͪͳ͇ͼͷͪ͸ͪ
͌Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͻͪͼ͵͹ͶͪͳͲͷͰΌ;΃ͳͳͽͪͳͼ;͸ͳͽͪͷ͹ͭ;Ͳͪ΂;ͯͳͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ͸Ͱͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ ͪͶͳͼ;͹͸ͳͫͳͶͳ
͹ͯ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͻͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͰ͑ͳͳͽͳͬͰͻ;Β;ͯͪΒͰ̸ͶͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͺͻͬͳ ͪ͸Ͱ
΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ΀ͪͶͳͿͪͳͼͶͪͷͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸͈͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹͸ͲͪͼͶ;ͱͳ͹ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪ
ΔͰ ͬͰΕͳͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳ͹͈͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͲͰͽ̽ͪΒͰ̸Ͷͳͫͳ͹ͺͻͬͳ΀ͪͶͳͿͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͼͳ͸͎;ͼͰͳ͸ͫͳ͹ͫͳ
΀ͪͶͳͿͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͪ͠Ͳͳͯͪ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͻͰͯͳ͹͎;ͼͰͳ͸͹ͬ;ͼͷͻͽ͵͹ͯ̓ͪͻͫͪͶͰ
ͅ͹ͽͳͬͷ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪΒͰ͹ͯ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪ΃ͳͳͽͰ͵͹ΒͳͬͰͻ;Β;ͯͪΒͰ ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ΃ͳ͹̸ͯͶͳΒͪ
ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͯͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀́ͷͪͷͪ ͽΒ̸ͶͳͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ
;ͷͻͶ͹ͷ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͷͻΕ;
̈́͹ΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͈͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͬ͹Β͵;Εͳ ͳͶͳ̸ͶͳΒ;ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ΁ͳͷͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳͽͰͷͰΓ͹ͬͰͼͰ͵ͽͰ͊ͪͷͪ
ͻͰ΂΃ͳͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁Ͱͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;̸ͶͳΒͪ ̓͹ͻͫͰ͸ ͼͽͻ

͑ͳͳͽͳͬͰͻ;Β;;ͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͬ͹Ό;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͳͲͪͫͻͪͽͳͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ́ͷͪͷ ͵ͪ͹
ͳͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͷ͹ͻͪ͹ͫͳͽͳ͈͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵͹ͬ ͺͪͼͽ͹ͭͪͳ̸ͶͳΒͰͬͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͪ͵̀ͪͼ;͸ͳͽͰ΀ͪͶͳͿͰͳͷͪΒ; ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͷ͹Ὲͪ΃ͳͳͽͰΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͇͸ͳ ͫͳ ͼͽ͹ͭͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
Ͷͳ̸ͶͳΒͰͬ͹ͭͼͳ͸͎ͪͪͼͪ͸ͪͲͪ́ͷͪͷͪ΂ͪ͵ͳ͵ͪͯ͹ͬͪΒ͸Ͱͫͳͳͷͪ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ


͉̓͌̽́
̓;ͻͯͳͼ;;7**ͬͰ͵;ͺͻͳͷͳͶͳͳͼͶͪͷ͸ͪ͵͹͸͸ͪΒͰͲͯͰ̸ͻͪͺͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬ;͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳͯͰ͹Δͳ΀ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͼ;͸ͳͽͳͷͪ ͽΒ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͺͻͬ͹ͭ͵ͪͶͳͿ;̸ͫ;̹Ͱ͵ͻͪ
Ͳͪ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͻ͹͵ͪtͼ;͸ͪi– t͵ΔͳͭͪͳͻͰ΂ͳi̓;ͻͯͳͼ;ͼͶͰͯͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳ΃ͪͿͳΒͼ͵ͰͷͰͲ΀ͰͫͰ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
͹ͯ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͰ;ͼ;͸ͳͽͼ͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;̀ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ ͹ͬͪΒͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͪͺ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;
Β;ͽͪͻΔͰͷ͹ͶͳͽͬͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͯͻͱͪΔͪͻ;͵;ͺͻͳͷ͹Ͷͳͽͬͳͳͺ͹ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔ;ͭͻͰ΀͇ͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂΃ͪͿͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
ͷͰͲ΀ͰͫͰ ΒͰ ͳͷͪͷ ͅ;΀ͪͷͰͯ ͳͫ͸ ́ͯͻͳ ͰͶ͑ͪͿͳ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ͵ ͳͲ 7*** ͬͰ͵ͪ ͑ͪͿͳ ΒͰ
ͺͻͳ΃ͪ͹ͬͻͶ͹ͫ;͵ͬͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ͸͹ͷͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔ;΃ͰͻͳΒͪͽͪ– ͵ͪ͸͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͪͬͳͶ̻ͪͶͪͬ͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͰͶͪ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͼͰ͸ͪͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͰͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͬͪΔͰͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͼ;ͯͪ́ͷͪͷ͑ͪͿͳͼͰͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ͸͹
ͺͻͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ͹ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͳͼͷͪ ͺͪͼͰͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ͹ͬͪͷͰͲ΀Ͱͫͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͲͳͬͪͳtͺͻͬͪͷͰΌ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳ
ͷͪi͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β̓;ͻͯͪͼ;ͼͶͰͯͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;͸ͳͽͼ͵Ͱͭͻͪ͸ͰͳͼͶͪͷͪͳ΃ͪͿͳΒͼ͵ͰͷͰͲ΀ͰͫͰ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ́ͻͪ
͸ͪ ́ͻͪ͵ͪ ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱͳ͊ͳͻͳΒͰ #FVJOFTTFO ͼͽͻ
͑ͳͳͽͼ͵ͳ̓;ͻͯͳ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͳ
; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β ͫ͹ͻͫͳ Ͳͪ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͼ; Ͳͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ ́ͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ; ́ͻͪ͸; ͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ
ͫͳͽ͵;͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͈ͰͻͼͳΒͪ͸ͪ΁͇ͪͼͳͷͯͬͰ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͭͻ;ͺͰ͹ͻͽ͹ͯ͹͵ͼ͸ͳ΀ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ ̓;ͻͯͳΒͰͯ͸ͳͷ
ͷͪΔͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;ͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͼͰ͵ͽͪͷͪ͆ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͪ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ΒͰΒͰͲͳͯͳͲͪͷ
͇͸ ΒͰ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͷ ͼͰͬͰͻ; ́ͻͪ͵ͪ ͳ ͊ͳͻͳΒͰ ͳ ͳͷͪ ͹͵͹ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͼͶͰͯͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̓͹ͻͰ͸ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͰͱ;;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͺͻͰ͸͹ͬͰͰͻͰͳͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;ͼͰͼͯͻͰͬ͸ͳͷͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂
͸ͳͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪͷ͈ͪͰͻͼͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͼͪͲ͹ͻ͹ͪͼͽͻͳͲͷ͹ͷ͠ͰͲͳͯͳͬͰͻ;Β;;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͫ͹ͭͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͽͬ͹
ͻͳ͹ ͼͬͰͽ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͪ͹ ͼͰͯͪͷ ͪ͸ΌͰͶͪ ͯͪ ͭͪ ΂;ͬͪΒ; ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ ͬ͹Όͪ ΒͰ tͷͰͶͰ͵ ͽͪͬͼi ͽΒ tͺͪ;͸͹ͬ ͪ͸ΌͰ͹i
̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͪΒͰͺͪ;͸ͪͲͪ͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰΔͰΌͪͬ͹Ͷͪ ͽͰͼ;̓;ͻͯͰͼͶͰͯͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͰΒͰͲͳͯͳͲͷͪ
ͺͻ͹ͭ͹͸ͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͽͪ͸ͳͼͽͰ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͲͪͬͻͰͷͰ͇ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ͋͹͵͹ͷͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳͽͻͳͯͰͼͰ
ͽͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͎͎ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ ͫ͹ͻ΁ͳ Ͳͪ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪͶͳ ͼ; ΒͰͲͳͯͳͲͪͷ Ͳͪ ΒͰͯͳ͸; ͺͻͪͬ; ͳ
͸ͪΒͼͽͪͻͳΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͬͰͻ;̓;ͻͯͪ̽ͻ;ͭͪͬͰͻͼ͵ͪͭͻ;ͺͪΒͰΒͪͻͼͪ͸ ͽΒtΓ;ͯͳͳͼͽͳ͸Ͱi #FVJOFTTFO
ͼͽͻ
ͪ͠ͻͼͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͼͰ͵ͽͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪΒͰ͵ͻͪΒͰͷ9*7ͬͰ͵ͪ ͪ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ΒͰ͊;Ͷͽͪ͸͊ͪ΀ͪ͵͈ͻ͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰ
ͼͰͯͪͳͷͪ͹͵͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ;̈́;ͻͰͼͽͪ͸; ̓Ͱͷͪ͸΃ͪ΀; ́ͻͪ͸
ͳͯͰͶ;́ͻͪ͵̺ͪ;΂Ͱ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͰͳͲ
΃ͳͳͽͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͶͪͷͪͳͲ͹ͻ͹ͪͼͽͻͳͲͷͪ ͪͶͳͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯΔͰͭͪ͹ͯͫͪ΁;ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ͵ͪͼͽͳͳ͵Ͷͪͼͪ͌
͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳΒͪͻͼͪ͸ͪΒͰͯ;ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͽΒͺͻͰͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͼͬͰͽͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͭͳͼͺ͹
Γͪ΃ΔͰͭͯͰͶͪ ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͻͰͯͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͰͿͳͭ;ͻͰ;ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔ;ͼ;ͼͰͯͪͷͪ͸ΌͰ
Ͷͪ͋ͻͰΕͪͬͰͻͼ͵ͪͼͰ͵ͽͪͼ;ͪͶͰͬͳͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͰΓͪͬͪΒ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱͳͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͰ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ́ͷͪͳ΀
͹͵͹ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ ͪͶͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͼ; ̓;ͻͯͳ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͼ; ͋;ͻ΁ͳ ͳ ͋;ͻ͵ͷͰ͸ͳ ̸ͶͰͬͳͽͳ ͸ͰͷͪΒ;
ͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ͸͹;ͻͰΌͰ͸ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͸ͳͽͳͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͬ͹Ό;̺Ͱͻ;Β;;ͼͬͰͽ͹ͽͻ͹Βͼͽͬ͹ͳͲͷͰΌ;̸Ͷͪ΀ͪ ͅ;΀ͪͷͰͯͪͳ
̸ͶͳΒͰ ; ͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ ͳͷͪͷͪ ͌ ͼͬ͹ͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ; ΂ͳͼͽ; ͼͬͰͼͽ ͹ͯ ͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
΂ͳͼͽ͹ΕͰ͇ͼͳͷͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͳͼͶͪͷ͹ͷ ͷͰΌ;̓;ͻͯͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͷͪΔͰ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͪͳ͠ͰͬͻͰΒ͎ͪͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ̓;ͻͯͳͼ;ͺͻͳͷͳͶͳͬͰͻ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;*ͳ7ͬͰ͵ͪ͸͹ͬͰͰͻͰ
ͪͶͳͳ΀ΒͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪΕͰ͸ͪ;ͳͼͶͪͷͯͬͰͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ̽ͪ͸ͪͼΒͰͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͯͰͼͰͽͳ͸ͪ΀ͳΓͪͯͪͬͰͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͪͷ͹;͋;ͻͼ͵͹Β͠ͰͬͻͰΒͼ͵ͳ̓;ͻͯͳͼ;ͷͪͶͪͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵ͪͬͰͻͼ͵ͪͭͻ;ͺͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ
ͱͳͬͰͶͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͅͰͼ͹ͺ͹ͽͪͷͳΒͰͳ̓;ͻͯͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ͹ͯ7***ͬͰ͵ͪͺͻͰ͸͹ͬͰͰͻͰ͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͳ΀ͺͻͰ΃Ͷͳ
ͼ;;́ͲͻͪͰͶͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͳ΀ͳͷͪ͹͵͹΀ͳΓͪͯͪ .D%PXBMM ͼͽͻ

̾̀́̽́͠
͠ͰͲͳͯͳ͵͹Βͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͼͽͪΔ;Β;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͭ́ͻͪ͵ͪ ͪͶͳͷͪΔͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͱͳͬͰͳ;͊ͳͻͳΒͳ
̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳΒͳ ́ͻͪ͸; ͳ ͸ͪ ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲ; ΒͰͼ; Ͱͽ͸͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͼ͵;ͺͳ͸ͪ ͵;ͻͯͼ͵͹ͭ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ ͫͪͲͰ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵;ΒͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͼͳ͸͵ͻͰͽͳͲͪͷ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͷͰ΃ͪͬͳ͸ͪ Ͳ͹ͻ͹ͪͼͽͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͷͪ͸ͳ΀ͰΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ΒͰͬͻͰΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸Ͱͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼ;ͿͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ΃ͳͳͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ
͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͪ;ͼͷͰ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͪͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀;΂ͰΔͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪΒͰ͹ͯ;ͬͰ͵
ͫͳͶ͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪ͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸͹ͽͰ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳͷͪͳͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͲͳͷͪͯͪͺͻͰ΁ͳͲͳͻͪΒ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ;ͶͪͽͰ͹ͬͰ
ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱͺͻͪ͵ͼͰͳ;΂ͰΔͪ
͠ͰͲͳͯͳͼ;΂Ͱͼͽ͹͹ͺͳͼͳͬͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͽͪΒ͸͹ͬͳͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰͷ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸͹͹ͽ͵ͻͳͽͳͼͬ͹Β;ͬͰͻ;
ͪ;ͽͼͪΒͯͰͻͳͷͪͼͬ͹Βͪͺͻͪͬͪ;ͬͰͻͰΔͪͯͻͱͰͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͠ͰͲͳͯͳͬͰͻ;Β;ͯͪΒͰ̹͹ͭͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹
ͼͬͰͽͳͯͪͭͪΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͳ͹ͼͰͯͷ͹ͻͳ΁ͳͪ͸ΌͰͶͪͳͶͳͷͰͶͰ͵ͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͫͳ͹ͅͰͶͰ͵͈ͪ;͸ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ
ͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕͰ͸ͼͷͳͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͽͳ΁͹ͷͿͰ͸ͳ͵ͼ
ͳͶͳͅͰͶͰ͵͋ͪ;ͼͅͰͶͰ͵͋ͪ;ͼΒͰ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͪͿͳͭ;ͻͪ
ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪΒͰͲͳͯͪͳͲͪΔͰͭͪͬͰͻ;Β;ͯͪΒͰ̀ͰͷΓ;ͳͼͺ;͸ͳ͹ͿͶ͹ͻ͹ͷͳͿͪ;͸͹ͷ .D%PXBMM
ͼͽͻ

͆ͰͬͰͻ;Β;;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͺͪ͵ͶͪͳͶͳΘͰ΀Ͱ͸Ͱͷͪ ͬͰΕͺͻͰ͵ͻ΃ͳͽͰΓͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ΂ͳͼͽͳͯ;΃;
ͷͰͽͰͷͺͼͳ΀͹Ͳ͹ͷ ͼͰͶͳͯͫ͹ͷ ͯ;΃Ͱ
ͅͰͽͰͷͺͼͳ΀͹Ͳͪ ΒͰ ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ ͸ͪ;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰͷͳͼͽͪͯ;΃ͪͷ͹ͱͰ;Ͳͪͼͽ͹ͺ͸͹͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͽͳͬͳ΃ͰͽͰͶͪͼͬͰͯ͹͵ͼͰ͸Ͱ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͌ ;ͱͰͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͪ͵ ͯ;΃Ͱ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͯ;΃Ͱͬ͸Ͱ ͼͽ;ͺΔͰͬͰ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ;
ͻͰͳ͸͵ͪͻ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͬͰ͵͸;ͱ͸̺ͪͰͻ;Β;ͯͪͼͬͳΓ;ͯͳ;ͼͰͫͳͳͷͪΒ;ͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͳͲͶ͹ͳ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ
ͫͰͲ ͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͪͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͪ͵͹ͳ΀Ͳͪͬ͹ͯͳ̹ͳͽͪ͸ͯͰ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͬͰͻ͹ͬͪΔͪΒͰͳͽ͹ͯͪ͹͸ͳͺ͹ͽͳ΂;ͼͪͷ͹
͹̸ͯͯͪͷͪ ͯ͹͵͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͺ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱ͹ͯͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͪ͵ͪͳ̸ͯͪͷͪͳ̾ͬͰ
́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͯͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͳͷͪ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͰͯͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ
΂ͰͷΒͰͲͳͯͳͲͷͪͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͼ;ͿͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳͼͽͳ͵΃ͰΒ΀̸ͯͳͳͫ͸ͅ;ͼͪͿͳͻ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͼͰͬͰͻ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰ;ͷͻ͹
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͢Ͱͭ͹ͬͳͼͶͰͯͫͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͲͪΔͰͭͪ ͬͰͻ;Β;ͯͪ ΒͰͷͰͽͰͷͺͼͳ΀͹Ͳ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ͫ͹ͱͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͯ͹͵
ΔͰͭ͹ͬ ͭͻ͹ͫ ; ̈́ͪͶͳ΃; ; ͫͶͳͲͳ͸ͳ ͅ͹ͼ;Ͷͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͼͬͰͽͳͶͳ΃ͽͰͷ ͳͶͳ ͑ͰΒ΀΀ͪ͸͹ͷ
.D%PXBMM ͼͽͻ
́ͷͪΒ;ͳ͹ͫͻͰͯ͵ͻ΃ͽͰΔͪͯͰ΁Ͱ ͳͷͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͫͻͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰ
͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͅͻͽͬͰ;͵͹ͺͪͬͪΒ;;΂;͸ͪͼͽͳͷͭͻ͹ͫ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͷͻͽͳ ͼͪͺͻͰͼͪͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ
ͻ;͵ͪͷͪ

̸̸̸̸͈͇͈͉̺͊͋͌̓́͊͋̿́͢
͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;Ϳ͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͪ2 ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ͹ͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪΔͪ
ͭͻ;ͺ͸Ͱͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͰ ͵͹Β;ͬ͹ͯͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͳ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͻ͈ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰͿ͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͰ;
2
t͊;ͼͻͰͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪͼͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;ͪ ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵͹ͭͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ
;͸͹ͼͰ
͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵ͪͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪ ͬͰΕͳ;ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͳͰͷ͹΁ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳͽ͸͹Ͳͪ
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰͳͼͽͻͪͱ;ΒͰ ͪ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͽ͹ΒͰͳ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ;΂ͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪí͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͺͻͳ͵;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱ͹ͬ͹ͷͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͷ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͳͼ;͵͹͸ͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰͳͳͶͳͽͰͼͽͳͻͪΔͪͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͹ͯͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪ

͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹΃ͽ͹ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͺ͹ͽͳ΂; ͹ͯͼͪͷͰͭͻ;ͺͰ ͫͰͲ ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ Ͳͪͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪͳ͹ͷ͹
ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ̀ͪ ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ ΒͰ – ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͫͻ͹ΒͰ –12
΂Ͷͪ͸͹͈ͬͪ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͬͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰΒͰͻ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͯ͹ͫͻ;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸Ͱͳͼ͵ͪͲͰͳ
ͯ;ͫΓ; ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ; ͷ͹ͽͳͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͺͻͰͯͳ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͍͹͵;ͼ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ΒͰ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͽͰͷ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΃ͽͬͪ
͈ͻͳͭ͹ͯͪ͸ ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ͈ͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͭ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ ; ͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ; ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͷ;΃͵͹ͭ
ͺ͹Ͷͪ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͭͻ;ͺͰͺ͹΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰΔͪ΃ͳͳͽͪ ͼ;͸ͳͽͪ ̓;ͻͯͪͳ
ΒͰͲͳͯͪ
ͳͲ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ́ͻͪ͵ͪ ͊ͳͻͳΒͰͳ͈ͪ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸͈ͪ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷͺͳͽͪΔͪ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͻͪͭͻ;ͺͳ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁͍ͪ͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͰͳͯͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͰ;ͭͻ;ͺͳͼ;ͽͻͪΒͪͶͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀
ͷͳ͸;ͽͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͫͰͲ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͬͰΕ͵ͪͯͼͪͷͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱͯͪͼ;ͼͬͰͻͰ͵Ͷͳ
΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ͈ͻͬͪͿ͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͪΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͲ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ
ͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ΃ͳͳͽͪͅ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͻΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳ͹͵͹ΒͳΒͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪͳͼͬͻ΀;
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹ΕͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͪͅ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͻͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁;͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ
͵; ͪͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ΁ͺͻͰͬͰͯͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͸ͪΒͰͲͳ͵;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͽ͹͸ͪͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͳ
ͿͪͻͼͳͳͶͳͺͪ΃ͽ;ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ;ͭͻ;ͺͳͯͳͼ͵;ͽ;Β; Ͳͪͺͳ΃;ͼͬ͹Βͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͸ͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͯͪͽ͹ͷ
ͺͪͺͳͻ; Ͳͪͽͳͷͺͻ͹΂ͳͽͪΒ;ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ;΁ͰͶ͹ͼͽͳ ͹͸ͭͪͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͻ
;ͺͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͼͬͰͼ͵;͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͽ͹͵ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͪͼͬͪ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪ
ΔͰͷͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ;ͼͬͰ΂ͰͽͻͳͿ͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̽ͻ;ͭͪ Ϳ͹͵;ͼ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͼͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͳͲ ͈ͪ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͼ;͸ͳͽͪ ͽͻͰΕͪ ͼͪ ͳͼͺͳͽ͸ͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͳͲ ́ͻͪ͵ͪ ͺ͹ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̓;ͻͯͪ ͳ ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͪ Ϳ͹͵;ͼ
ͭͻ;ͺͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͼͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͲ͊ͳͻͳΒͰͺ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳΒͰͲͳ͈ͯͪͳͽͪΔͪͼ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪ
ͽͪͶͪ΂Ͱͽͻͳͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͈ͪ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͪͽ͹͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͼ;ͫͳͶͳ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ
1. ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪͺ;ͽ;ΒͰͽͰ ͳΒͰͼ;Ͷͳͬͪ΃Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͰ
2. ͈ͻͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͽͰͯ͹΃Ͷͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒ; ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͼ;ͬͪ΃ͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͹ͬͯͰ
3. ̓ͪ͵ͬͪͼ;ͬͪ΃ͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ͸ͪͺ;ͽ;ͯ͹͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
4. ̽ͪͶͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ
5. ̽ͪͶͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͰΌ;ͬͪͷͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ͹ͬͯͰ;̓ͪͷͺ;
̽ͪͶͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͰΌ;ͬͪ΃͹ͷͯͰ΁͹ͷ
7. ̽ͪͶͳͷͳͼͶͳͽͰͯͪͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͭ͸ͰͽͰ;ͱͰΓͰ͸;ͲͰͷΓ; ͯͪΕͰͽͰͼͰ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͷͰΌ;
ͬͪͷͪ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͍͹͵;ͼ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ;΂͸ͪ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ ͼͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ
͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ ͳͲͬ͹ͻ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͷͰΌ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͈ͻͰ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ
ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͿ͹͵;ͼͭͻ;ͺͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻͪͽ͹ͻͬ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͼͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͽͰͷ;ͳ΁ͳΓ͹ͬ͹ͭ
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ .SBWBL

̸̸̸̸͉͉̺̾̀͌̈́͋͋́́͊͋̿́͢
̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͼ; ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͰ͸͹ͷ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ; ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͪ ͬͻͼͽͳ ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͳͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͷͰΌ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ̸ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͯ͹Ͷͪ
Ͳͳͷ͹ͯ͹ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͭͻ;ͺͰ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͺ;ͽ͹ͬͪͶͳ͹ͯͼͬ͹ͭͷͰͼͽͪͯ͹͹ͯͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ
ͫͳͶͰͼ;͹ͯ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ;ͭͻ;ͺͳ ͺͪͼͬͰͯ͹΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͰ
ͳͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯ΃ͳͳͽͪ ͼ;͸ͳͽͪ ΒͰͲͳͯͪͳ̓;ͻͯͪ͆Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͯΔͳ΀ͼͰͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;͈ͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͷ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;;͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ;͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͯͬͪͷͰͼͰ΁ͪ ͷͪΔͳͫͻ͹ΒΔͳ΀
ͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͷͰͼͰ΁ͳ;̓ͪͷͺ; ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͯͰ
ͳ΂Ͱ͵ͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͻͰͯͲͪͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ͵;ͼ;ͼͰͯ͸;ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵; ΒͰͻͼͬͰͽ͹ͳͯͰͺ͹ͬͰΕ;ͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͼͺͳͼ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͪ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͹ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͳͷͪ ͹ͬͯͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ΃ͳͳͽͪ ͼ;͸ͳͽͪ ΒͰͲͳͯͪ ̓;ͻͯͪ – Ͷ͹΃ͪ ͳ
ͯ͹ͫͻ͈ͪͻͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰ ΃ͳͳͽͳͳͼ;͸ͳͽͳ
ͼͰ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͶ͹΃Ͱͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͶͰͺͳ΀ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪ͹ͬͯͰ
;͈ͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;;͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ;;ͼͷͳͼͶ;͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ̓ͪͷͺͺ͹Ͷ;Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭͽͳͺͪͳ;
Δͳͷͪͫ;ͯͳ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͵ͪ͹ͯͪͼ;;Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻ; ͯ͹͵ͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͵ͪͷͺ͹ͬͳͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͯ͹ͫͳ
ΒͪͶͳͳͫͪͽͳ͸Ͱ ͺͪͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰͶͰͺͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽ̻ͬͪͻ;ͺͰΒͰͲͳͯͳͳ̓;ͻͯͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͶͰͺͳͷͳͼ͵;
ͼͽͬͳͷͪ͹ͬͯͰ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ;͈ͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;;͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ; ͹͸ͪ΃͹ΒͫͻͳͲͳͲͪΔͳ΀ ΀;ͷͪ͸͹ͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰ
ͻ;ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ͵͹Β;ͼͷ͹ͳͷͯ͹ͼͪͯͪͺͻ;ͱͳͶͳͺͻͰ͵͹͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͪͯͰ;̓ͪͷͺ;
͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰͫͻͳͭ;ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͪͪͷͫ;Ͷͪ͸ͽͰ͵͹Β;ͳͷͪͷ͹ Ͳͪͽͳͷ΀ͻͪ͸;͵͹Β;ͳͷ͹ͫͰͲ
ͫͰΌ;ΒͰͷ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;͵͹ͷͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͳͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͯͰ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͼ;Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͶ͸ͳ͸ͪͫͻͳ
Ͳͳ͵͹Β;ͺͻ;ͱͪͷ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ΒͯͰ΁ͳ;ͬͰΕ͸ͪͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͷͯͰ΂ͳΒͳͷͳͭͻͪ͹͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀
͹ͻͪͭ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰͼͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͶ͹΃ͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͰ ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Β ͻ;ͽͳ ͺ;ͽͪ ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃Εͪ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͼ; ͫͳͶͪ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͳ ͬͻͶ͹ Ͷ͹΃ͪ ΒͰͻ ͼ; ͼͰ
ͺͻͰͷͪΔͳͷͪͶ͹΃Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͳͶͳ;̹;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͳ΀ͺ͹͸ͳͱͪͬͪͶͳ ͽ;͵Ͷͳ ͺΓͪ΂͵ͪͶͳ ͷͪͶ
ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪͶͳ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͳͺͼͳ΀ͳ΂͵ͳ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͼΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͵͹ΒͪͳͷΒͰ
͹ͯ;ͲͳͷͪͶͪͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͰͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸Ͱ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͷͪͶͳͼ;;̹;ͭͻͪͼ͵͹Βͼ͵ͻͳ
Β;ͷ΂ͪͻͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳ΀ͬ͹ͯͳͶͳͯ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͰͯͪΒ;Εͳͳͷ΀ͻͪ͸; ͬ͹ͯ;ͳ͹ͯͷ͹ͻͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͳͼ;
ͳͷ΂ͪ͵ͺͻͰͽͳͶͳͼͷͻΕ; ͽ;͵Ͷͳͳ΀ ͺͪͳ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ;΃;ͷͳͼͪͷͰͯ͹͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͫͳͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃Ͷͪ
ͳͬͻͪͽͳͶͪ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͵ͪͷͺͳͲ ͵͹ΒͰͭͼ;ͫͰͱͪͶͳ͌ͷͪΔ͹ΒͷͰͻͳΒͰ͵͹ͯ͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͫͳͶ͹Ͷ͹΃ͳ΀
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ̻ͻ΂͵; ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒ;ͳ͊ͻͫͳΒ;̻ͻ;ͺͰ΃ͳͳͽͪͳͼ;͸ͳͽͪͳͷͪͶͰͼ;͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼ;ͽ͹ͫͳͶͳͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͷͪͶͰ ͼͳͽ͸ͰͺͻͰͺͳͻ͵Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹͹͸ͳ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ ͯ͹͵̓;ͻͯͳͳΒͰͲͳͯͳͽͪ͵ͬͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ͸ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰ
ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽ͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ;̓ͪͷͺ; ͪͶͳ͸Ͱ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳ
ΒͰͻͼͰ̓͹ͷͰͼͪͻͳΒͪͽͲͪͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͸ͪͷͰͼͽ;ͳͻͰ΃ͪͬͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰͷͰΌ;͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳͷͪ ͯ͹͵͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͷͰΌ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰ΁͹ͷ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼ;ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͺͻ͹ͬ͹΁ͳͻͪΒ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪͯͻ;
ͭ; ͺͪ ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͯ͹ΌͰͳͯ͹ ͽ;΂ͰͷͰΌ;ͯͰ΁͹ͷ ͪͶͳ ͬͻͶ͹ ͻͰͽ͵͹̓ͪ͹͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͻͰ΃ͰΔͰͼͬͳ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ
͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͼ;;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͯͪΕͰΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͯͶͪͲͪ͵;ͱͰΓͰ͸;ͲͰͷΓ;ͼͷͪΔͳͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰͷͰΌ;Δͳͷͪ
Ͳͫ͹ͭͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͺͻͪͬͪͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͼͪͷͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵͹Β;ͫͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͳͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ͻͪͯͳͯͪΓͰͭ
͹ͺͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪ΃Ͷͳ;ͽ͹΂ͳ΃ͽͰ ͬ͹Γ;Ͳͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷͳͼͻͰΕ;ͼͺ͹ͻ͹
ͯͳ΁͹ͷͳͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳͷͪ

̸̽́͊̓͌͊́͠
͊ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; Ϳ͹͵;ͼ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ ; ͈ͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͷ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ; ; ͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ; ͳͷͪͶ͹ ΒͰ Ͳͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓ ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ ͯͪ Ͷͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΃ͽͬͪ̽ͪΓͰ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͯͪͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͱͰ͵ͪ͵ͬͪ
ΒͰͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͪͷͳ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ͸ͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͼ;Δͳ΀͹
ͬͪͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪͫͳͶͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ ͯͪͶͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͰΌ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ;
ͭͻ;ͺͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͯͰͭ͹ͯͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳ
͋ͻͰ͸;ͽ͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ;;͈ͻͰ΃Ͱͬ;͸Ͱͫͳͼͷ͹ͷ͹ͭͶͳͯͪ
ΒͰ͸ͪͲ͹ͬͰͷ͹͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͷͳͶͳͪͶͪͻͷͪ͸ͽ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͹ͷ ΒͰͻͼͬͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͪͻͪΌ;Β; ͯͰͶͰͳͼͽͳͺͻ͹
ͼͽ͹ͻ Ͳͭͻͪͯ; ͳͪ͵͹ ͳͷͪΒ; ͲͪͼͰͫ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼͺͪͬͪΒ; ̺ͳΌͪΒ; ͼͰ ͸ͪͺ͹Γ; ; ͯͬ͹ͻͳ΃ͽ;
̓ͪͷͺͪ ͸ͪͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪ͵͹
ͫͳ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ;ͽͻ͹΃ͳͶͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͼ; ͽ͹ ͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱ Ͱͯ;͵ͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ
ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͭͯͰ͹ͯΔͳ΀Ͳ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͬͳͯ;΂ͰΔͪ ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͳͭͻ;ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪͻͪͲͶͳ
΂ͳͽͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͑ͽ͹ͼͰͽͳ΂ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͸ͪͬͰͶͰͼͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͰ
; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͯͪ ͼ; ͯ͹ͱͳͬͰͶͳ ͬͻͶ͹ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽ͸ͪ ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬͪ ͹ͯ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬΓͪ͸ͪ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ ͵͹ΒͪΕͰͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͼͽͪͽͳ;ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͷͼͰΕͪΔ;ͳͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ
ͻͰΕͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;ͽͻͪ;ͷ;͵͹ͯ͹͸ͳ΀ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͽ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͺΓͪ΂͵ͪ͸ͳͳͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͳ
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸͹;͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯΓ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͺͻͰͽͳͶͳͼͷͻΕ;͆ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ ͳͷͪΒ;ͱͰΓ;ͯͪ
Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͰͼͬͰͶ͹΃Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͷͼͰͯͰͼͳͶ͹ ͸ͰͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶͳͲ;Β;ΕͳΓ;ͯͰ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹Ͷ͹΃Ͱ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷ͸ͪ͸ͰͶͳ
ͲͶ͹ ͬͰΕͬͰͻ;Β;ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳ͹͸ͳͯ͹ͫͻͳ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͷͺͻ;ͱͳͶͳͷͪ͵ͼͳͷͪͶ͸;ͺͼͳ΀͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε
ͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;;͵ͪͷͺ͹ͬͳͷͪ;͸ͪ΃͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ͇͸ͳ͸ͰͬͳͯͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͼͳͽ͸ͰͼͬͪΌͰͳͶͳͺͻͰͺͳͻ͵Ͱͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ;ͽͪ
͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹͸ͪͽ͹͸ͳͼ;͹ͫͻͪΕͪͶͳͺͪͱΔ;ΒͰͻͼ;ͽ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ
;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͰ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰΒͰͽ͹ͫͳͶͪͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͻͳΒ;ͷ΂ͪͻͳͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ
΁ͳ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;ͼͰ͹ͼͰΕͪͶͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͲͪΔͳ΀ͫͳͶͰͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ͸Ͱͺ
ͻͳΒͪͽ͸Ͱ ͺͪͳͫ͹Ͷ͸Ͱ;ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͺͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;
̸Ͷͳͳͺͪ͵ͼͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳ;̓ͪͷͺ;͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͼͬͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͬͳͽͰͭͻ;ͺͰ͸ͪΒͰͯ
͸͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ;ͼͰ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ ΒͰͻͽͪͯͳͷͪΒ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͯͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒ;ͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͼͬ͹Β;
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽ ͵͹Βͪͳ΀ͼͪͷͪͷ͹ͱͯͪͳ͸ͰͼͬͰͼ͸͹ͭ;ͻͪ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͽͪ
ͻͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͯͰ΁;̓ͪ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͲ΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ͸Ͱͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰ͵ͻͪΒΔ;ͽͪ΂͵;͹ͯͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͯͪΓͰͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͷͪͯͪΕͰͽ;ͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͳͽͻ;ͯͪ΀;ͷͪ
͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͻͪͯͳͽͳͼΔͳͷͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪͶͳͳͪͼͳͷͳͶ͹ͬͪͶͳ;͵͹ͷͭ͹ͯͷͰͼͽ;ͯͪͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͰ͵ͪ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͷ͹ͯͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ; ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͰͫͳͫͳͶ͹͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ

̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ ͼ; ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ͯͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳ ͳͷͪΒ; ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͪ ͷͪΔͰ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͻ;ͽͰ ͺ;ͽͪ ͪͶͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͼ ͯͻͱͪͬΓͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͰ

̹ͳͶ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ͸ͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹;̓ͪͷͺ;ͭͯͰͼ;ͫͳͶͳͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ;΃ͳͳ
ͽͪ ͼ;͸ͳͽͪ ΒͰͲͳͯͪͳ̓;ͻͯͪ ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͷͰΌ;͹ͯͻͪͼͶͳͷͪͳͯͰ΁͹ͷ
̓ͪ͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͻͪΒΔ;ͯͰͼͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͬ͹ͭͺ;ͽͪ ΒͰͻΕͰͽͪͷ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͽͳͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ͯͻ;ͭͰΓ;ͯͰͳͲͪ͵͹͸
ͼͪͷͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΕͰͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͽͳͺͻͳΒͪͬ;ͲͪͪͲͳͶ̽͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;
Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͰͯͬͳͯͰͽͳͷͰΔͪΔͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ;ͼͬͻ΀;ͺͻͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͪͽͪ
͊ͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͳͲ͸Ͱͽ͹ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ;ͬͳͯͰͽͳͯͪͼ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͳͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪ΂ͰͼͽͰ;
ͼͬͳͷͬͳͯ͹ͬͳͷͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰΓ;ͯͳ͢ͳ΀ΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͼ;ͲͫͳͽͳͳͶͳ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͰͶͳ
ͷͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ ͪ;͸Ͱ͵;ͻ;͵;ͫͳͽ͹ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͳͽͳͳ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹͇ͬ͹ͳͲͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸
ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͳ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵ͪ ͫ͹ΓͰͷ ͫͳͶ͹ ; ͬͳͯ; ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ ͯ͹ ͸ͪΒͫPΓͳ΀ ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ
͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ΀͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͳͶͳͯ͹ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰͬͳΌͰ
Δͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
͆Ͱ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͪͽͪΒͰ;ͷͰΕͰ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹
ͬͪΔͰ;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͫ;ͯͰͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͯ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ ͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͵ͪ͹͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬͳ΀
ͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ;ͫΓ͹Β͵͹͸Ϳͻ͹͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͶͳͬͻͪΕͪΔ;͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽͪ;ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸;ͿͪͲ; ͭͯͰͼͰ
͹͸͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪͳͼ͵͹ͻ͹;ͬͰ͵ͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓ;ΒͰͳͶͳͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͰͫͪ΁;ΒͰ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪ
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ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪIUUQXXXCGQFPSHXQDPOUFOUVQMPBET#SPTVSBB5
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SUMMARY
The subject of the research are conflicts among NJHSBOUTPOSFMJHJPVTHSPVOETEVSJOHFYJMF5IFSF
TFBSDIJTDBSSJFEPVUCZVTJOHGPDVTHSPVQTJOPSEFSUPFYBNJOFXIBUUIFJSFYQFSJFODFEVSJOHUIFSFGVHFF
KPVSOFZXBT UPPCUBJOJOGPSNBUJPOXIFUIFSBOZSFMJHJPVTDPOGMJDUTamong UIFNUPPLQMBDF BOEGJOEPVU
IPXUPSFTPMWFDPOGMJDUT5IFGPDVTHSPVQXBTPSHBOJ[FEPOUIFUIFNFPGDPOGMJDUTamong migrants on relJ
HJPVTHSPVOETEVSJOHFYJMF5IFDPOWFOJFOUTBNQMFDPOTJTUFEPGNJHSBOUGSPNUIF3FDFQUJPODFOUFSJO
1SFØFWP NJHSBOUTXFSFNBMFT HSPVQTXJUINFNCFSTFBDI
5IFEBUBXFSFPCUBJOFECZBHSPVQNPEFS
BUPSXIPXBTBTLJOHRVFTUJPOTXJUIUIFIFMQPGBOJOUFSQSFUFS%BUBXFSFQSPDFTTFECZNFBOTPGRVBMJUBUJWF
BOBMZTJT5IFPCUBJOFESFTVMUTXFSFDBUFHPSJ[FECZSFBMFYQFSJFODFTPGNJHSBOUT UZQFTPGDPOGMJDUTBOESFTPMV
UJPOPGDPOGMJDUTBNPOHEJGGFSFOUSFMJHJPVTBGGJMJBUJPOT5IFEBUBTIPXFEUIBUNJHSBOUTIBENPSFOFHBUJWF
UIBOQPTJUJWFFYQFSJFODFT CVUPOMZXJUIDJUJ[FOTPGUIFDPVOUSZUISPVHIXIJDIUIFZUSBWFMMFEEVSJOHUIFUJNF
UIFZQBTTFEUIFDIPTFOSPVUF5IFDPVOUSJFTJORVFTUJPOXFSF#VMHBSJB (SFFDFBOE4FSCJB5IFSFXFSFDPO
GMJDUTPOSFMJHJPVTHSPVOETCFUXFFO4IJJUFT 4VOOJT :B[JEJTBOE,VSET CVUPOMZJOUIFDBNQXIFSFUIFZXFSF
QMBDFE DPOGMJDUTPGWFSCBMBOEQIZTJDBMOBUVSF DPOGMJDUTCFUXFFOBEVMUTBOEDIJMESFO
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CFIBWJPS DBO CFQSFEJDUFE CBTFEPO UIFJOWFTUJHBUJPO JO PSEFSUPTUPQ DPOGMJDUTPGNJHSBOUT POSFMJHJPVT
HSPVOET
KEYWORDS GPDVTHSPVQ DPOGMJDUT SFMJHJPVTBGGJMJBUJPO NJHSBOUT

005.332:327.3
̸̸̻͇͉̺͇̽͆͊͋́ͣ͠1
̽Ͱͺͪͻͽͷͪ͸Ͳͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
̸͉́͆͋̾͆͏̸̸͇́͆̈́́̀͏̸͇͇́̾̓͆́̾́͠͠ͅ
̸̸̸͇̻͇͈͉̺͇͇͌ͣ͆͊͋́͌̾̓͆͊̓́͢͡ͅͅͅ
͈͉͇͏̸̾͊́ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͯͪͼͰͼͽͰ͵͸ͰͼͬͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ͵ͻͳͲͪͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂
͵ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͲ;ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹͸Ͱ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ΀ͽͬͻͯΔͳ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹Β
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷ͎ͪͳͻͼͽͪͳ
͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͽͰͲͪ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͶͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͷ͹ͳͶͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁;ΒͰͷ͹ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪ
ͬͳͽͳͺͳͽͪΔͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Β;͹ͬͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͫ͹ΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͼͪͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀
ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͼ͵ͻͰΕ;ΕͳͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͼͪͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻ;Βͪͷͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͻͪͯ;ͼͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳ
ͻͪΒ;ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ͎ͳͻͼͽͪͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;;͵͹ͻͰ
ΔͰ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ͋͆̓ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ tΒͪ͵ͪͽͰͲͪ
͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳi
̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃ͰͽͰͳͶͳͷͰͻͳͽͰ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳΔͰ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͷ͹ΕͯͻͱͪͬͪΒͰ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ͵ͪͱͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪ
̸Ͷͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͽ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵
8FJTT ͼͽͻ
1
HPSEBOB.stojic@filfak.ni.ac.rs

̸̸̻͇͉̺͇̽͆͊͋́ͣ́͠͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ...
̺͇͌̽
̽ͳͼ͵;ͻͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹ΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽ͹ͭͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͯͬͪͯͰ
ͼͰͽͺͻͬ͹ͭ ͬͰ͵͇ͪ΁ͰΔ;ΒͰ ͼͰͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪt͹ͺ΃ͽͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪiͳt͵Γ;΂͸ͪ
ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰΕͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰi 5POLJTT ͼͽͻ
ͳ ͯͪ tͪ͵͹ ͸ͳͼͽͰ ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͶͳ
ͯͰͫͪͽ͹ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͶͳΒͰ͸ͳͼͽͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͽͰͳ͹ͶͰͼͽͻ;΂͸͹͹ͫͪͬΓͪͽͳͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒ;
͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪ ; ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ;͵ͪi ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͼͽͻ
͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳͷ ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪ
ͯͰͫͪͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͳͯͪΓͰͽͻͪΒͰ;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͼͬͰ;
ͬͰͲͳͼ͹ͬ͹ͷͽͰͷ͹ͷ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͳͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒ; ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͬͻͭ͸;ͽ͹͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͬͪΔ; 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͵ͻͳͲͪ ͳͲ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͳͲ; ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹

ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹t͸Ͱ;ͺͳͽ͸ͳ΀iͽͬͻͯΔͳ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͯͪͼͰͼͽͰ͵͸ͰͼͬͰͼͽͻͪ
͸ͳΒͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ
͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ;ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷ͎ͪͳͻͼͽͪͳ͋͹ͷͺ
ͼ͹͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͽͰͲͪ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͻͪͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͶͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪͷ͹ͳͶͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁;ΒͰͷ͹ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͺͳͽͪΔͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Β;͹ͬͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͫ͹ΓͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰ
ͬͪΔͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀
ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͼ͵ͻͰΕ;ΕͳͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ
ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻ;Βͪͷͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌
ͻͪͯ;ͼͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ͎ͳͻͼͽͪͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸; ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͋͆̓
ͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
̸̸̸̸͇͉͈͉͈͈͉͇̺̻͇̹͋̾́͊̓́́͊͋͌́͌͌͐͌̈́̈́́̀͢͠͏́̾͠
͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪΒͰͯͰͫͪͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳtͼͪͯͪͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪͯͰͫͪͽͪ ΒͰͻ͹͸ͪͳͷͪͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͬͰͽͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵ͪi ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪͯͰͫͪͽͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷͪ
ͺͻ͹ͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͻͳͷͰ͸Γͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ͉ͳ΁Ͱͻ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͵͹Βͳ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͼͬͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;ͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;
ΕͰ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͽͳtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷi ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͽ͹ΒͰͻͼ;͸ͪ΃ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͪͶͪͽͳ͸ͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸ͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͳͷ͹ͱͯͪͲͪͼͽͪͻͰͶͳ ͬͰΕͳͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͻͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͫͪͬͳͷ͹ͼͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͷ͸͹
ͭ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͪͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ͱͰͶͳͷ͹ͯͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͷ͹ͼͰͷͰΔͪ ͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰͳ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͰ 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ
̸͸ͽͳ
͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ;;ͯͰͫͪͽͳ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪͳͪ͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪ

ͳͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵ͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹
ͳͷͪΒ;΀Ͱ;ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͪͶͳͬͻͶ͹΂Ͱͼͽ͹;ͺͻ͹΃ΕͪͬͪΒ;͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͼͽ
͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ .D(SFX ͼͽͻ

̓ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪt͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͰͫͳ͋ͪΒͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
Γͪͺ͹Βͪͷ͵͹Βͳͼͪͯͻͱͳ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸ͳͳͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͳͼͪ
͸ͳi ̓ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͳ ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ
̺Ͱͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰ
͹͸ͪΒ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͪ͹͎ͰͶͯ ͭͻ;ͺͳ΃;Εͳ͹ͬͪͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ;ͽͻͳͭͻ;ͺͰͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳ ΀ͳͫͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳͳͽͻͪ͸
ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ )FMEBUBM ͎ͰͶͯ
͇ͬͪͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͸ͳͼ;΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ
ͼ͵ͰͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ΒͰͯ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
ͺͻͰͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹Ͳͪ͹ͬͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰΒͰͼͽͰ΃ͽ͹͸;ͯͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͼ͵;ͺͽͬͻͯΔͳ͹ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;Ͳͻ͹΂͸Ͱͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵Ͱ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ
ͳͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸;ͷ͹ΕͳͬͶͪͯ;ͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͎ͰͶͯ ͼͽͻ

͊͵ͶͰͻͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ΂ͰͽͳͻͳͽͳͺͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Βͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͪ͵Ͷͪ
ͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷͪͳͶͳ ͳ͸
ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽ;
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳ
ͷ͹ͯͰͶͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͊͵ͶͰͻ ͼͽͻ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ
–
̺ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰΔͪͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
ΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͊͵͹ͽ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ ͯͬͪ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͯͳΒͪͭ͸͹ͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͼͽͻ
B͉ͳ΁Ͱͻͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͹ͿͳͶͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͹Ϳ͹ͫͪ
3JU[FS ͼͽͻ
̓ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ t; ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ ͸ͳΒͰ
͸Ͱͬͳ͸͸ͳ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͯͪͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͼͽͪͻͳΒͰͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼͰ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͶͳ
ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi ̓ͰͶ͸Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͌͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪΔͳ΀ΒͰ͸ͪͳͲͭͶͰͯ͸Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶͪ͸ ͳͽͪ͵͹ͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪ
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹
ͳ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ Ͷ͹΃Ͱ
͈͹Βͪͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪͳͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹
ͅͰ͵ͭͻ; .D(SFX
ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͹ͯ ͯͬͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ; ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪͷͪ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
ͺͻͬ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪ;͵ͪͷͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ
ͯͰͼ͵ͻͳͺͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͰ͵ͼͺͶͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͻ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ
ͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ;ͽͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͪͶͳΒͰͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͰͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͽͳ ͷͰΔͪͽͳ ͹ͯ;ͺͻͰͽͳΒ͹ΒͼͰͳͶͳΒͰ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͽͳ

͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰΒͪͬΓͪ;΂ͰͽͳͻͳͽͪͶͪͼͪͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳ
ͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳͳͯͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬͳͼͽͳ͈͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͹ͼͶͪΔͪΒ;͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͰͺͳͼͽͰͷ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ
ΒͰ;΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͸ͪ;͵ͪͷͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͼ;͵ͪ͵͹͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ
ͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳͷ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͷͪ ̀ͪͽ͹ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͼͶͳ΂͸ͳ΀
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ
͸͹ͭͅͰ͵ͭͻ;ͺͻͪͬͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸;͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ;ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͰͿͪ͸Ͳͳ
ͬ͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͼͽͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͳ ͳͶͳͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ;ͼͷͰͻͳͽͳ͵ͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ; tͫ͹ΓͰͭ ͼͬͰͽͪi
͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͪͶͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͸͹ͬͳ
͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͰ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂ͪ͸ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͳͯͰΒͳ

ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͶͳΔͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒtͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ
ͶͳͲͷͪiͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;͵Ͱͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪΓ;ͯͳ
ͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͹ͯͫͪ΁;ΒͰ
ͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ;͵ͪͷͪ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸;ͺ͹ͬͰ
Ͳͪ͸͹ͼͽͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ;͸͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͰͬͰͲ;Β;ͲͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;
ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͹ͯͻͱͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵;
ͅͰ͵ͭͻ;ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͼͳͼͽͰ
ͷͪͽͼ͵;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;ͳ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΔͰ;ͺͻ͹΃ΕͰ
͸ͳ΀ͪ͸ͽͳ͸͹ͷͳΒͪ .D(SFX ͼͽͻ–

͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹ ; ͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ
͎ͳͻͼͽͪͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͪ́ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͳͷͺͻͰͭͶͰͯͳͷͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
ͼͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͳͼ΀ͰͷͪͽͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ;Ͳ͹΁Ͱ͸;ͯͪ͸Ͱ͵ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͽͬͻͯΔͰͳͷͪΒ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;Ͱͷͺͳ
ͻͳΒͼ͵; ͳ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵; Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͪͶͳ ͯͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ; ΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͽͳ ͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͼͰ
ͷ͸͹ͭͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͽͬͻͯΔͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͰͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ ͸ͳͽͳͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͹ͫͻͪͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͪͻͭ;
ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;͵͹ΒͰͼͰΔͳͷͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ– ͯͪͶͳͺͻͳ
ͼ;ͼͽͬ;ΒͰͷ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͰͺ͹΀ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͰͻͪ ͳͶͳΒͰͻͰ΂͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹Β͵͹͸Β;͸͵ͽ;
ͻͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵
ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͰͲͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͪͯͬͪͬͰ͵ͪ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ
ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͪͳͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;̺ͪΒͼ͹ͬͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͺͻ͹
ͷͰ͸ͪͬͰΕͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂͵Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ 8FJTT ͼͽͻ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
͸͹;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ ͺͪ͹ͽ;ͯͪͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪΒ;
'VSMPOH .BSTI ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͶͳΒͰͻͰ΂͹
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹
͸͹ͬ͹Β ͺ͹Βͪͬͳ ͳͶͳ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ; ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
͊͵ͶͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ ΒͰ͵Γ;΂͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͲͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͷͰ΃ͪΔͰͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͪͬͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷͳ͇͸ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
ͯͪ ΒͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ ͼͪ ΁ͻͽͳ΁͹ͷ
tͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͷ ͺͪ ͷͪ͵ͪͻ ͳ ͳͲͷͰΔͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ;
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͯ͹͵ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͵͹Βͳ
͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͼͳͼͽͰͷ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪi ͊͵ͶͰͻ ͼͽͻ
2 ͇ͬ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͳͷͪ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͳͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͪͶͳͳͺͻͪ͵
ͽͳ΂͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͊͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͪ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ͸ͪͳͲͷͰ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭͼͷͰΔͳͬͪΔͪͷͪΔͰͭͳͬͰΕͰͭ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;3
2
̽ͳ͵Ͱ͸ %JDLFO
ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ͹ͫͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸ͪͳͯ;ͫ͹͵ͪ
ͳ͸ͽͻͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳͷͰΔͪΒ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;
3
͌ ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ; ͼ ͽͳͷ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͬͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ͳͲͻͪͲͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ

͉̺͍̽͌͑͋̾͆̾͌͆̓͏̸̸̻͇̹́̾̈́̈́́̀͠͏̸̸͇́̾̓́͋͠ͅ
͎ͳͻͼͽͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͳͽ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸;
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;ͳ ͽͪ͵͹ ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͯ͹͈ͫͪ͹ͺ;ͽ
͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ͫͳͶͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͻͳͬͪΔͰͳ͵͹ͷͺͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͪΓ;ͯͼ͵;ͫͰͼͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͳͶͪͷͪͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰ ͷͳͽ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͺͻͰ;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͪͬͪͼͽͰͺͰ͸͸ͪ΃ͰͫͰͼͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ
͸ͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͼͳͶͪͷͪ )JSTU 5IPNQTPO#SPNMFZ ͼͽͻ
͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͳͯͰΒͪ
͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸͹Β Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹Β͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳ΁ͳͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͹͸ͯͪ͸ͰͷͪͷͰͼͽͪͲͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͸ͳͽͳͲͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷtͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹
ͯ͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͪ͸ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͳͼ͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸͵ͪͯͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͲͪͳͼͽͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳi ͎ͳͻͼͽ ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ ͼͽͻ
4 ͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͽ͹ͷͰ ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͼͰͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽ
ͻͰͫ͸͹ͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹Βͪͬ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹
ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳͯͪͼͪͷ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͻͪͼͽͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸ͪͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ; ͫͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼͪ
ͺ͹΃ͽͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ )JSTU ͼͽͻ

͎ͳͻͼͽ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͷͳͽͪ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ; ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ ͳ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ;
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;̓ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͹͹ͼͶͪΔͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ͸ͪͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͼͻͰͯΔͰ͵ͶͪͼͰ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰ
ͻͪͼͽ;Εͪ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Δͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ Ͳͪ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵; ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ; ͳ Ͳͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ
͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͬͳͼ͹͵͹ͭ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰͻ͹ͫͪͳ;ͼͶ;͉ͭͪͰͽ͹ͻͳ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͰͲͪͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͲͪͻͪͯͪ ͬͰΕ;͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ;͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͻͪͯͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹ ͺ͹ͽ͵͹
ͺͪͬͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ͌ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͰͶͳͽͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹Β
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͪͶͳ͹͸ͳ͸ͪͯ͸;ͶͰͼͽͬͳ΁Ͱͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯ͹΀͹ͽ͵ͪͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪͶ͹͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͯͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΒͰͻͳͷͼͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͺ͹ͭ͹ͻ΃ͪͬͪΒ;̀ͪͽ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪΒͰ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͼͪ͸ͪ;ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ
ͯͪͫͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰΔ͹ͷͰͫͳͶ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͬ͹Γͪͳ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ
͵͹͸ͼͰ͸Ͳ;ͼ )JSTU ͼͽͻ

͊ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ΀ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͎ͰΒͳͪͅͻ΃ͳͼͽͳ΂;ͯͪ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͬͶͪͯͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱͯͳͼ
͵;ͻͲͳͬ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͪ͸ͰͻͰͪͶ͸ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͅ͹ͱͯͪͼͰ͹ͯͬͳ
ΒͪΒ;tͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳiͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͵͹ΒͰͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͼ;
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͯͳͼ͵;ͻͲͳͬ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͵͹Βͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀
͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͸ͺͻ͸ͪͬͶͪͯ;ͯͪͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͻͪͯͪ
ͺͻͰͷͪ'VSMPOH
.BSTI ͼͽͻ–
͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰ ͅͰ͵ͭͻ;;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪ͸ͪ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪͳͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵͹ͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ; ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰ͹͵ͬͳͻ Bͷ͹ͱͯͪͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ
΂ͰΔͪͲͪͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͰͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͰͻͰ .D(SFX ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͰͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ;ͳ
4
͆ͪ ͹ͬ͹ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͪͬͪ ̓ͪͼͽͰͶͼ ͵ͪͯͪ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ ͹ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͯͪ ΒͰ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ̸ͪ;ͽ͹ͷͪͽ͹͸t͆͹Ε͸ͪͷ͹ͻͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͳͯͰΒͪͺ͹ ͵͹Β͹Βͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͰͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ; ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;
͸ͪͯͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪͳͬͳ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ– ͷͪͯͪ͸Ͱ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͻ͹ͫ͹ͽͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͫͰͲͺ͹ͼͶͪͳͶͳ
ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺΒ;ͽͰͻͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͯͭͶͰͯͪΒ;͸ͪ΃ͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͬͰΕ͵ͪ͹ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͪi
̓ͪͼͽͰͶͼ 2003 ͼͽͻ

ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ;͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔͰͼͬ͹ͭͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ
̸͉̓́͋́̓t̸̓̾͠i̸̸͇̻͇̹͋̾̀̾̈́̈́́̀͏́́͠
͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵ͪΒͰͼͽͰtΒͪ͵ͪiͽͰͲͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹Β;͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;
ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;ΒͰ ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͼ͵Ͱ Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ ΁ͳΓ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͱ; ͯͪ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹
ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͰͽͪͺͰͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰ;Ͳͷ;tͲͯͻͪͬ͹Ͳͪ
ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹i͌ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͼͬ͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ͬͻͶ͹΃ͳͻ͹͵;ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;– ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; )JSTUBM

̓ͪͯ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹Β ͸ͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͹ͬͳ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͽͻͳ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͹ͯͯ͹͈ͻͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͹ͯ
͵ͻͪΒͪ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ͯ͹ ͸ͪͿͽ͸Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͹ͯ ͳ΀ ͯ͹ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͬͰΕͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ̓͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͰ–
͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͲͶͪͽ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͳͶͳ͹ͫͳͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹
ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ;ͯͰ͹ ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ; – ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ΒͰ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͯ͹ ͈ͻͬ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͫͳͶͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸ͳΒͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͼ5
́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵; ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ; ; ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͺͳͽͳͬͪΔ; ͹ͫͳͷͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ
͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪΒ; ͵ͪ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͺͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ̺ͪΒͼ͹ͬͪ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͯͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͻͪͽ͸͹ͷͫͻͰͽ͹͸ͬ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ
ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ͇͸ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ;Ͳͻ͹΁ͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͰ ͳͲ ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪ ͪ ͸Ͱ ͳͲ ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵; ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͸ͪ ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͪ ;ͽͳ΂; ͸ͳͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽ͹ͺͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͼͽͪ

8FJTT

̽ͻ;ͭͪͭͻ;ͺͪͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ
͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͫͳͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹;ͯͰ͹
;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ; ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͋͆̓
ͳ͸ͳͬ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ
͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪ
͋ͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͎ͳͻͼͽͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪΒͰͬͻͶ͹ͷͪͶ͹͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ͳͪͳͼͽͪ͋͆̓– ͸ͳͼ;
ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ; ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ;ͳͺͻͰͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ;;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͸ͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ ̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͼ; ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ
5
t̸͵͹ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ΀͹ΕͰͯͪ ͵ͪͱ; ͯͪͳͷͪͷ͹ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;; ͵͹Β͹Β ΒͰ ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ͯͰ͹ ͼͬͰͽͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸
;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͳͷͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͽ͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͹͸Ͱ70ͳ΀ͬͰΕ
ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪi ͎ͳͻͼͽ ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪͯͰͶͰͼͪͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͲͫ͹ͭΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸Ͱͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͫͻͲͪͬͪΔͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ ͳ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͭ;ͬͰΕͪΔͪ͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰͽ;.

͆̓ͅ
– Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽ ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔͰ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
͸ͳΒͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ
ͼͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͼ;;ΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ ͪͯͰ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ;
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ̀ͪͽ͹ͳ΀ΒͰͫ͹ΓͰ͹͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ;Β;
͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͊ͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͯͰ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ΒͰͯ͸;ͲͰͷΓ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͼ
Ͷ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͺ͹ͯͬͻͭ͸;ͽ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ΁ͻͺͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͯͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ
ͽͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͺͻͪͬ͸ͪ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ
ͪ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͺ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͯͻ;ͱ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β; ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ ͹ͯ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͳ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ; ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ́ͲͼͬͰͭͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵ͪ ͯͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ͋͆̓͆̓ͅ͸ͳΒͰ
͸ͳ΃ͽͪ͸͹ͬ͹ ΒͰͻͼ;;΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͻͪͽ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪͶͰ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
̸ͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ͎ͪͳͻͼͽͪͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͪ͹͋͆̓͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͰͳͯ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͪ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ͹
;ͯͰͶ;͋͆̓;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳͳͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ– ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Β͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͷͪͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ;
ͽͻͳͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͹͸Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͯͰ͹ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͼͰ;͸;
ͽͪͻ ͼͪͷͳ΀ ͋͆̓ ͳͲͷͰΌ; Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ͺ͹ͯͻ;ͱ͸ͳ΁ͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͳ ͯͪΓͰ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͺͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭ͸;ͽͳ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪΒͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͪΔͳ΀΂ͬͻͼͽ͹;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ͪ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ͊͵ͶͰͻ 4LMB
JS ͼͽͻ
ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪͼͬͰͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ;Β;ͳͲͬͪ͸ͲͰͷΓͰͺ͹ͻͰ͵ͶͪͼͰͫͰͬͳͯͰ
͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪ͹͸Ͱ͸ͰͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰͲͰͷΓͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒͳͷͪΒ;ͼͰͯͳ΃
ͽͰ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;͐ͪ͵ͳ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸͹ͭͭͶͰ
ͯͳ΃ͽͪ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪͶͪͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ͋͆̓ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳͷͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹
ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹;ͷͪͶ͹Βͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳͳͶͳ;ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͬͰΕͰͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͲͰͷΓͰ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͊̽́
;
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͎ͳͻͼͽ ͳ ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ ͯͰ͹ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ ͊̽́ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͽΒ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͋ͻͳΒͪͯͰ ͯͪͼͰͷͪͶͳͯͰ͹ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͻͪ;ͲͰͷΓͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ;Ͳ
ͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͵ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͸͹ͬ͹ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͈ͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬ ͽ͹͵
͊̽́ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͪͬͪΒ; ͽͳͷͰ ΃ͽ͹ ͼ; ͹͸Ͱ ͬͰͲͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͋͆̓ ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻͪͽͰ ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͳ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͊͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ ΒͰͻͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͼͳͶͰ
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͉ͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ̻
͋ͻͳΒͪͯͪ
;ͼͺͰͬͪΒ;ͯͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͪΒͪͬΓͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹ͳ
Ͳͬ͹ͯͷͰΌ;ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪͫ͹ͻͫ͹ͷ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ ͺͻͰ
ͼͬͰ̸ͭͪ͊̽
Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰ͸͹ͭ
ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͸Ͱ͵;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͽͰͲ͎ͪͳͻͼͽͪͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͪΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͪ ͪ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ
Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͯͰ͹ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͸ͪͻͪͲͷͰ͸;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀ͳ͸ͯ;ͼ
ͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓ͇ͪ͸ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͰͭͳͻͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͪͶͳͼͷͪ
ͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͪ ;ΔͰ͸͹ͷͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͇͸ͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;ͷ͹ͯͰͶ΁ͳ͵Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͭͼͷͰΔͳ
ͬͪΔͪ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ ͬͰΕͰ ͳ ͷͪΔͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͺ͹ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͹ͯ
ͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪ99ͬͰ͵ͳͯͪΓͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸ͪ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͼͬͰ

ͬͰΕͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͊ͪͯͪ΃ΔͪͰͽͪͺͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͷ;
ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸ͪ ͹͸͹΂Ͱͷ;ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ;ΒͰͷ͹͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;99*ͬͰ͵ͪΒͰͬͻͶ͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ
͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ )JSTUBM ͼͽͻ

͎ͳͻͼͽ ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͳ̹ͻ͹ͷͶͳ ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪ ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͰΕ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ͈ͪͻͰͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͳΒͪΒͰͽͪ͵ͬͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ;͵͹Β͹Βͼ;ͭͶͪͬ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͳͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͳͼͺ͹Γͪ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹
ͬͪ΂͵ͰͺͰͻͿ͹ͻͷͪ͸ͼͰ͊;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͲͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ;͸;ͽͪͻͼͰͫͰ
͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ ͬͰΕ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͭ;Β;ͳ͵͹ΒͰ
ΒͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹; ͬͰΕͰͷ ͳͶͳͷͪΔͰͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸; Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
͋ͪ͵ͬ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͲͪͼͽ͹Βͳͷͪ
͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ͵ͻͳͲͪͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͷͰ΃ͪͽͳͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷ )JSTU
& BM ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͎ͳͻͼͽ;ͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸; ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͲͪͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͯͰΒͰ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͻͪͲͷͰ͸Ͱ ͻͪͼͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰ ;
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͰ͊ͬͰͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͼͪ͸ΒͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͽͻͱͳ΃
ͽͰ͆ͳΒͰͻͰ΂ͼͪͷ͹͹͹ͫͳͷ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͷͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ; 5POLJTT ͼͽͻ

̽͹͵ ͼͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͶͪ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ ͻ͹ͫ͹ͷ
͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͺͶͳͽ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸ͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ
Βͪ
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͯ;ͫ͹͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ
ͼͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͶͪ͸΁Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸;
%JDLFO ͼͽͻ

t͉Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͸͹ͬͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͻͪͯͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͫͻͲ͹ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ ͹ͬͪΒ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͸͹ͬ;
͵ͪͻͽ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰi 5POLJTT
̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͯ;ͫΓ;ͳ
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸; ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸; – Ͷ͹ͭͳ͵; ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ
͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃;͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; %PDLÍT ͼͽͻ

͋ͻͰΕͪͭͻ;ͺͪͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ
ͷͪ͌͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵;ͻͪͯͪͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͳΒͰΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ;Ͷ͹ͲͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
̸̸͉̺͌͊̾̾͢ͅ ̸͚͉͇͎̾͌͆̽͆́ͅ
͇͇͎͈͉͇̾̓͆͊̓́ͅ͏̸̾͊
͌ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫ;΀ͪͽͪΒ;ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͳͲͪͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ– Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͳ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͳ΀͌
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ΂ͳΒͰͼͰ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͺͻͰ
ͺͶͳΕͰͼͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͹ͯͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͊
͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͺͻͰ͹ͬͶͪΌ;Β;ΕͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ

ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷ ΒͰͻͼͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͯͰͶͪͽ
͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΒ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ΁;͌͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͳͯͰΒͰ
͹ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ ͯͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͸Ͱ ͯͰͶ;Β; ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹
ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹ ͬͰΕͼ;;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͺͻͪͬ
͸ͳͷ ͹͵ͬͳͻ͹ͷ ͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͷͻͰͱͪͷͪ ͋ͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͼ; ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͷ ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽ;ͻ͹ͷ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ 5POLJTT ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͹;Ͷ͹ͲͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ͆ͪΒͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͪΔͰ͸ͳΒͰΒͰ
ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ ͹ͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͰͷ
;Ͷ͹ͭͰͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͪΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ́ͼͽͳ΂ͰͼͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͪͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͽΒΔͰ͸͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͯͪͯͰͶ;ΒͰ
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹;ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔ;ͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔ; ͼͺ͹Γ͸Ͱͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ
ͳΔͰ͸ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ ͽΒ
ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͽͰͽΔͰ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ
)FMEFUBM
ͼͽͻ
͆ͪΔͰ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͼͬͰͬͰΕͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰ ͪ͸ͳͲͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͼͰ
ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ́ͼͽͳ΂ͰͼͰͯͪͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͳ΂Ͱ͵͹͸
ͽͻ͹ͶͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͯͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͷͪͼͷͪΔͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͷͪͳͯͪͻͰͪ
ͶͳͲ;ΒͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͰ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁Ͱ ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ )JSTU BM ͼͽͻ
ͳͼͽͳ΂; ͽͻͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ
t͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ͸ͳiͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ ͹͵ͬͳͻͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳͯͰͶ;ΒͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ ͷ;ͶͽͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻ͸ͳͷͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳͷͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͇͊͋ ͍ͅͅ ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͽͰͶͪͺ͹ͯ͹͵ͻͳΓͰͷ͌ΒͰ
ͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͺͻ͇͉ͅ
;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ ͫͶ͹͵͹ͬͪ ͸ͺͻ ̾͌ ͳͶͳ ̸̸͍͆͋
Ͳͫ͹ͭ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͷ͸͹ͭͰ
ͲͰͷΓͰͼͻͰͯΔͰͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͯͰͶ;Β;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͯΔͳ΀ ͸ͺͻ̾͌
ͳͷͪΒ;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͳͲ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͺͪ͹ͬͰ;
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪΔͳͷͪͯͰͶͰͭͳͻͪΒ;ͯͰ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳͼͺ͹
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͱ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͰ;ͯͰͶͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͽͻͭ͹
ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪͳͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͸ͺͻ̸͊̽ ͪ͠ͺͪ͸ͳͰͬͻ͹Ͳ͹͸ͪ
͇ͬͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷͼͰͯ͹͸Ͱ͵ͶͰͺͻͰ͵ͶͪͺͪΒ;ͳͼͬͳͳͷͪΒ;͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁;
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͹͸ͳ;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͳ͸ͪΒ͹΃ͯͬͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷ )JSTUFU
BM ͼͽͻ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͳͶͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ ; ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ̾͌
͵͹Βͪ ͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳͻͪ ͼͪͻͪͯΔ; ͳ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͳ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ;͸;ͽͪͻͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰͺͻ;ͱͪΒ;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ;
ͭͰͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͯͳͼͽͻͳ͵ͽͳͷͪ
̓ͪͯ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͷ;ͶͽͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ΁ͳΓ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ
͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͳͶͳͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͯͪͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃ͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͬͰΕͯͪ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͳͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ
tͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱi ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ͯͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͰͭͪͶ͸;ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ
͸͹ͭͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͼ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ

͌ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͬͰΕͯͻͱͪͬͰͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;ͯͰ͹ͼͬ͹ͭͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪͯͪͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ͹ͯͶ;͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͯͻ;
ͭͳͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͽͰͱͰΕͳ ͻͰ΁ͳͺͻ͹΂͸ͳͷ ͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͸ͪͯͭͶͰͯͪ͸ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͷͰΌ;ͬͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
)JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͯΒͰͻͰ΂͹͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ; ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳ
ͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͷͰΌ;ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳͳͶͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ;͵Γ;΂;Β;;ͯͻ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͳͶͳͯͰͶͰͭͳͻͪΔͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ
̸̸̸̸͇̻͉̺͉̺͇͇͎͈͉͇͌̈́̽̿̾͌͌͊̾͌̾̓͆͊̓́͢ͅͅ͏̸̾͊
͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Εͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ
ͳͼͽͳ΂;ͯͪΒͰ Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ;;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ;;΃ͳͻ͹͵ͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ
ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͪͳͯͪͼ;ͼͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳ
ΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͰΔͪͶͳͲͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͰͻͰͳ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱͼͬͻ΀Ͱ
͎ͳͻͼͽͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳ;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ͹ͺͪͯͪΔ;;Ͷ͹ͭͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͷͪΒ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;
ͽͰͱͳ͸; ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ͹ͯ̓ͰΒ͸ͼ͹ͬ͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪ̽ͻͱͪͬͰͼ;ͷͪΔͰͪ;ͽ͹
͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ ͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪΔ;Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;Ͳͳͬ͸;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;͸ͪͯͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͷͪΔͰͼ;ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱͯͪ͹ͯͻͱͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺͻͰͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹Β͹΁Ͱ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͹ͼͶͪͫΓͰΔ;;Ͷ͹ͭͰͯͻͱͪͬͰͺͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭͪͬͪΒ;
͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳ͸Ͱ͵ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ
̓ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͰͯͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ
͸ͳ͹ͼͰͼͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸͹ͷ;Ͷ͹ͭͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪͼͷͪΔͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰͯͪͷ͹ͫͳͶͳ΃Ͱ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹Ͳͪͻͪͽ ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒ;Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸;͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͹ͯͻͱͪͽͳ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͪͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹
Ͷͳͽͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;͸ͪͯͼͬ͹Βͳͷͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪͳ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͷ
Γ;ͯͳͺͻͰ͵͹Δͳ΀ ΂ͳͷͰͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͷ͹Ε͸ͪͯͼͬ͹Βͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͪͻͪͯ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͯͪ ͽͻͪͱͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪͭͰͭͳΒͰ ͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͺ͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͷͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͹ͬͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸ͪ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸΃ͽ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͳͬ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͪ͵ͽͰͻͪͬͶͪͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͺͻͰ͵ͶͪͺͪΒ;ͳ
͵͹͸͵;ͻͳ΃;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͼͬͰͽtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰiͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰ
ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͼ;Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͷ͵͹Β;ͼ;;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳͳͷͪͶͰͺͻ͹ͬͳ͸΁ͳΒͰ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͬͰΕΒͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ
ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹ͭ ͻͪͼͺ͹͸ͪ Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͸Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ )JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͯͻͱͪͬͰΒͰͼͽͰ;ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ͹ͬͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ͸ͳͬ͹ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ;ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ
ͼͪ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ– ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͯͳͼͽͻͳͫ;΁ͳΒͳͷ͹Εͳ͸ͪͭ͹ͻͰ ͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
ͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͶͰ ͵ͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͷͪ ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪΒ;͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹͵͹΀ͰͻͰ͸ͽ
͸;ͪͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽ;ͻ;ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ

͊ͬͪͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Β;ͼ;ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͹ͫͻͪ
Ͳͪ΁ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳ͊̽́ ͫͻ͹Βͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ͆̓ͅ ͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͻͪͼͽͪͲͪͲͰͷΓͰ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ
ͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ
ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵ͪ ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼ
ͽ͹Βͳͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳͳͯͪͭͶͪͬ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳͳ
͸͹ͬͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͼͳͶͰ͠;ͭͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͯͪͳͭͻͪΒ;͵Γ;΂͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;̻Ͷͪͬ͸ͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͲͪ΃ͽ͹
ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͯͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰΒͰͼͽͰ΃ͽ͹ͷͰΌ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͺͻͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͶͳͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼ͵ͪ
ͺͻͪͬͪ
ͪͽ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͪͷͪͯͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ
͌Ͷ͹ͭͪͯͻͱͪͬͰΒͰͯͬ͹ͼͽͻ;͵ͪ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͪ̓ͪͯΒͰ
ͻͰ΂͹;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͹͸ͳͳͼͽͳ΂; ͺͻͬ͹ ͯͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;Ͱ͵ͼͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
ΒͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ΒͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͽ͹͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ΒͰͿͽͳ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ̓͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͼ; ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸Ͱ ; ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ; ͷͻͰͱͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ;
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ΒͯͻͱͪͬͳͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵ͪ͹ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Β͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͷͻͰͱͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͳͷͪ ;ͯͻ;ͱͰΔͳͷͪͻͪͯͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ
ͷͪ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
̽͹͵͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸͹ͼͽ ; ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ
ͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͳ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸;ͯͪͫͳ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͶͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪͳ
ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸ͳΒͰͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͰ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͳͫ͹ΓͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹
ͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͳ ͸ͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ͸ͺͻ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹Β; Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪ
̸͊̽Ͳͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͬͰͽ;
ͪ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͯ͹ͺ;
Δ;Β;ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺͻ;ͱͪΒ;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͳͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ
̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͳ ͷͪͶͳ΀ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ͳͷͪΒ;
ͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͲͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͭ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͹ͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͆ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͹͸ͰͽͻͪͱͰͷͰͻͰͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͳͷͪ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͲͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸;ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸;ͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͆ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͹͸ͰͽͰͱͰͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ;͹ͯͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͳ;ͼͺͰ΃͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱ̸ͪͬͪ͵͹͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪΒ;ͽͪ͵ͬͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͷͪͶ͹
ΒͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ͯͪΕͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ͸ͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͫͰͲ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ )JSTUFU
BM ͼͽͻ

t͆͹ͬͳiͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͯͻͱͪͬͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳͲͪͽ͹ͳͲΔͰ͸Ͱ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͽͰͽͪ;ͽͻͪ͸
ͼͿͰͻ; ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼ;
ͷ͹ΕͳͳͶͳͼͪ͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔ;͸͹ͬͳ΀ͷ͹Εͳͳt͸ͪͭ͹ͻͰiͳt͸ͪͯ͹ͶͰi͸ͪͭ͹ͻͰ– ͵ͻ͹Ͳ
ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͲͪ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͳ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͶͰ–
͵ͻ͹Ͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹;ͼͽͪͬ͸͹;ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹Εͳ͸ͪͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͳͲͷͰΌ;΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͭͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳ̽ͻͱͪͬͰͼ;ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͵ͻ;΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͻͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵
ͽ͸Ͱ ͳΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͼͰͺͻͰ͵͹Δͳ΀ͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
͵;
͇ͼͳͷ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷ ͯͻ;ͭͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ;͵͹Β͹ΒͯͻͱͪͬͪͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͼ͸ͪͱ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;ΒͰͼͽͰͬͶͪ
ͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͺͻ͇ͪͬͪͬͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͯͻͱͪͬͰͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪ;ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͺͶ;ͻͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ

ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;;͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͺͪͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽͪͳͼ͸ͪͭͪ͸ͰͿ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒ̺ͪͶͪ
ͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͵ͪ͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪͳ͵ͪͯΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ
Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ; ΒͰͻͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳΒͰͯͳ͸͹;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͭͪ
͊ͽ;ͯͳΒͰ͎ͳͻͼͽͪͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ;͵ͪͲͪͶͰͼ;͸ͪͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͪͺͻͰ
ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͻͪΒ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ;ͳͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸;ͯͻͱͪͬ;ͳ͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͯͪ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; )FME FU BM ͼͽͻ
͇͸ͳ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͽͻ;͵
ͽ;ͻͪͷͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪͷͪͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰͷͲͰͷΓͰ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;͎ͳͻͼͽͳ͋͹ͷͺͼ͹͸
͸ͳͼ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͳͼͽͳ΂;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͋ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ
̽ͳ͵Ͱ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͯͪͼ;ͼͬͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪ͸ͪ ͯͪΒͰ΂ͪ͵ͳtͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰiͺͻͰ
ͯͷͰͽ͸Ͱ͵ͰͬͻͼͽͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͯͪ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͳͯͪΓͰͳͷͪ ͬͪͱ͸;
;Ͷ͹ͭ;;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪΒͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͼͪ͸ͪͯͰͶ͹ͬͪ
ΔͰͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͋͆̓
ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ %JDLFO
͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͽ͹ͷͰ Ͳͪ
̓ͪͼͽͰͶͼͪ ΒͰ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͵Γ;΂͸͹ tͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͯΒͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺ͹ͬͳΒͰͼ͸͹
;͵͹ͻͳΒͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͳͼͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͳͷͫͰ͸ͳ͵ͪi $BT
UFMMT ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͼ;ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͸͹ͭͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ͑͹ͶͽͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼͰͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͷ͹ͱͰͲͪͷͰͻͳͽͳͽ͹
ͯͪͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃Ͱ ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰͳͺͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭͪͬͪͯͻ;ͭͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ
ͽͰͽͪ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͪͱ͸ͳͲͪ͸ͺͻͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͰͳͶͳ͵͹ͼͷͺ͹ͶͳͽͰ 4IPMUF ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸̸͇͈͉͇͈̹͇̻͇̹̽́͆͊͊̓̾͋́̓̽̾͋́̈́̈́́̀͏́́͠
͆ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͯͰͫͪͽͳ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͯͪΒ;;͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͷ͸ͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵Ͱͳ
͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸;ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸͹ͼͽͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͳͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͳΔͳͷͪͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͽͻͪ
ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ
ͼͪΔ;ͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͌͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵;ΕͰ
;͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͫͳͽͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͪͽͪͯͰͫͪͽͪ
͋ͻͳͼ;ͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳ )JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ͸͹ͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͹͸ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ ͹ͯ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͼͽͪΔͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͷͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ͭ
ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͵͹ͷͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͷͰͻͰͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳ ΒͰͻͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱͷͪͻ͸͹΁ͳͽͳͻͪ
Β;ͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵ͪ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲͲͪͻͪͼͽͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͵͹Β͹ͷͯ͹ͷͳ
͸ͳͻͪΒ;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͼͳͶͰͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͯ;ͫͳ͸ͪͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ
ͯͪͼͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͫͰͲͺͻͰͼͰͯͪ͸ͪ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͳͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪ
ͬΓͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͽͻͪΒͪΔͰͯͪͶͰ͵͹;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽtͪ͠͵ͪiͽͰͲͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪͼͰ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳͯͪͯ͹Ͷͪ
Ͳͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹͵͹͸Β;͸͵ͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͬͰΕͳͯ͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͵ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰͬͻͼͽͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͪͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͽͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͸͹ͬͰͶ͹ͭͳ͵Ͱ

Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͶͳͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹;͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͽ͹ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;ΕͰ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ
͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ )JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ
7
̓ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;ͺ;Ε;Β;ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͷͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ )FMEFU
BM ͼͽͻ
ͺ͹ͶͪͲͰ͹ͯͼͽͪͬͪͯͪͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͳͶͳͲͪͬͻ
΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͼͪ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸ͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͪͷͪͳ͵ͪͷͪͽ͸ͳͷͼͽ͹
ͺͪͷͪ
͌ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͳͷ ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͼͽͪΔͰͺͻ͹΁ͰΔ;Β;ͺͻͰͷͪͽ͹ͷͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸͹ͬͪΒͳͯͰͪͶ
͸ͳͽͳͺͳ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͫͪ΁;Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͎ͰͶͯͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͰͽͻͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͹ͬ͹ͭͼ΀ͬͪͽͪ
Δ͈ͪͻͬ͹ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͯͪͼͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͯͪͫͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͻͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ
tͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹i ΒͰͻ ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰ ͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͪ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ
̽ͻ;ͭͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͽͰͶͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͼͽͪΔͰͼͰͺ͹ͼ
ͷͪͽͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͯͼ͵͹΂͸ͪ ͯͪͼ͵ͪ ; ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ Ͷͳ͸Ͱͪͻ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔ; ͵ͪ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͷ ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͷ
ͼͽͪΔ; ͳͪ͵͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͶͳͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ
ͲͪͽͰͲ;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷͪΒͰͯ͸͹
;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ ͵ͻͪΒΔͰ ͼͽͪΔͰ ̾ͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͹
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ;Ͳͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲ͵͹Βͳͼͪͷͺ͹ͼͰͫͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰ ͵ͬͪͶͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͳͶͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁;ΒͰ
ͽͰͲ; ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͪ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͼͰͲͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;ΒͰͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͆ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ
ͽ͹ͷͳͯͰͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͳͺ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͳ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵;Β;ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳ ͎ͰͶͯͳͯͻ;ͭͳͳͼͽͳ΂;ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ
ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͯͪͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
͌ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͷ ͽͻͰΕͰͷ
ͳͲͯͪΔ;͵ΔͳͭͰ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͺͳͽͪΔ; )JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ–

͎ͳͻͼͽͳͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͹ͯͫͪ΁;Β;͵ͻͳͽͳ͵;ͯͪͺ͹ͶͪͲͰ͹ͯͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͪΔͪͳ͹ͼͬͻΕ;
ͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͼͬ͹Βͳ΀͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͯͪͫͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪ
ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͷͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͷͪ ́ͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͳͼͽͳ΂;͹͸ͳ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͼͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ
ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳͳͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͺͻͪͬ΁ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͆ͰͻͪͯͳͼͰ͹ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪ ͬͰΕ͹
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻͪͬͪ΁͹ͬͳ΀ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹
ͬͪ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ ΒͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ ͹ͯ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ ͿͶ;ͳͯͪ͸ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͪ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΔͪ ͳ ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΔͪ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰ
ͺͻͰͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;ͼͬͪ͵ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳΒͰͼͽͰ– ͭͯͰͼͷ͹ͼͪͯͪͷͳ;ͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;
͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͽ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͫͪͻͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ;͹ͽ͹ͷͰ;͵͹ΒͰͷͺͻͪͬ΁; ͼͰ͵ͻͰΕͰ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͅ͹ͭ;ͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳͽͻͳͽͳͺͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͺͻ͹ͽ͹ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺ͹͵ͪͱͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͰͿͪͲͰͯ͹
ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͵͹ͼ;ͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͽͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͰͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹͋͹͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͳͯͰΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪ ͬͰΕͺͳͽͪΔͰ– ͭͯͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹;͹ͬͪ͵͹
͹ͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͹ͬͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ
ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;ͺͻͰͶͪͲ͸͹Β͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹
ͷͳΒͰ ͪͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰͫͶͳͱͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͳͪ͵͹ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͺͻͰ
7
͇͸ͳͼͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͳͺͻͰͷͪͽͲͬͼͻͰͯͳ΃ΔͰͷͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽ;͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͇͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
;ͯ͹ͫ͸͹;tͻͪͲ;ͷ͸;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸;iͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;Ͱ͵ͼͽͻͰͷ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͰͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͭͳͻͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒ;
΂ͳ͸ͰͻΌͪͬ;;ͼͶ;ͭ;ͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪͳͽͰͷͳ )JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ

͇͸ͳͳͼͽͳ΂;ͯͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͲͪͶͪͭͪΔ;Ͳͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͎ͰͶͯͳͯͻ;ͭͳ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͷͪͺͳͻͪΒ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳΒͳͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͼ͵;ͺͳͼ΀͹ͯͪ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ

͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ΁;͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͯͰͫͪͽͳ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪtͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷiͳtͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵ͳͷi )JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ
̀ͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ
ͺͻͰͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒ;ͯ͹ͷͳ
͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳ– ͯͪͶͳΒͰͻͰ΂͹Βͪ΂ͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͪͬͪΔ;͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͋͹ͫͳ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶ͹ͯͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;ΒͰͷ͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͶ͹ͭͳ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
Βͪͬ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭ; ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪͽͳ ͼ Δͳͷͪ ̸͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;
͹ͬͳ΀ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͶͳͼ;;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͯͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ͵;Β;͹ͬ;ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͶͳͯͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ͵;Β;͵͹ΒͪΒͰ
ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;ΕͪͲͪ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͶ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ
͊ͬ͹Β͹ͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͼ͵ͻͰΕ;ͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵;ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ
ͺͶͪ͸;͵͹ͯͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁ͪtΒͪ͵ͰiͽͰͲͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ΂ͳͷͰͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪ;ͺͻ͹΃ΕͰ͸ͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ
͸ͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ̽Ͱͫͪͽͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼ͵ͻͰ͸;ͶͪΒͰ
ͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ ͳͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰͳ͵͹Βͳͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ͹ͻͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ
ͼͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ; ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͽ͹ͭͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ΂ͪ͵ͳͳͲͳͼͽͰͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ́ͼͽͰ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ ͼͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪΒ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ ; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͹͵ͬͳͻͪ ͸ͪ
ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͯͪͶͳ ΒͰ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻ;ͭͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͶͳ ΒͰ
ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͽͰͲ;ͯͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ;ΒͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
̽Ͱͫͪͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵ͶͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹ΒͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̺ͻͶ͹ ;΂ͰͼͽͪͶͪ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺ͹Βͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ; ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷ ͵ͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͳ
Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ; ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͫͰͼͷͳ΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͫͳͷͺ͹ΒͷͪΒͰͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰ͸͸ͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͼͬͰ΃ͽ͹ͳͷͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ
ͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒΒͰͼ;ͱͰ͸ ΒͰͻΒͰ;ͽ͹ͷͷ͸͹΃
ͽͬ; ͽͰ΃͵͹ ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳ ͫͳͽ͸Ͱ ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ ͳ ͹ͯͶͳ͵Ͱ ́ͲͭͶͰͯͪ ͯͪ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi
ͳͷͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͹ͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬ͹ͻͪͼͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰͼͬͰͬͳ΃ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭ ͼͽͪΔͪͺ͹ͯͬ͹ͯͳ
ͺ͹ͯ͹ͬͪΒͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͳ΃͹ͫͻͪ͸ )JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͪ͵ͬͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͯͪͼͰͪ͸ͪ
Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͻͪͲͯͬ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ΔͳͷͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳ ͺͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͯͪͶͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒ;
ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸; ͳͶͳ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͼͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;
͌ ͹ͬ͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳ͑͹ͶͽͰ͹ͬͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ 4DIPMUF
ͼͽͻ–
͇͸ͪͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ;ͯͪͼ;ͼ;ͬͳ΃͸ͪ ͻͰͯ;͸ͯͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ
ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;͸͹ͬͪ
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͪͬͰΕ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ̀ͪͽ͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹
ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͰͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸;
tͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂͵;ͯ͹ͯͪͽ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽíͯͰΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ͑͹ͶͽͰ
͹ͬ͹ͷͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; ͪͽͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ ΒͰͻͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ
͹͸ͪ ΃ͪΓͰ ;ͽͰ΃͸; ͺ͹ͻ;͵; ͯͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͫͳͽͳ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ ; ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳͷͪ ͬͰΕ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭ
͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΔͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳΒͪ͹ͷ͹
ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͯͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂ͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͼͰ͹ͺ;ͼͽͰͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͰͼͬ͹ΒͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͷͪΔͰ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵ͪ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ͌ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵ͻͳͽͳ΁ͳ͑͹ͶͽͰͺ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͯͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵Ͱͯͪ
ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹͸ͳ͸Ͱͳͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͬͰΕͳͼͽͻͪͱ;Β;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ΒͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͪΒͰ͑͹ͶͽͰ͹ͬͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵ͪͯͪͼ;͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͬͻͰͯ
͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͳ ͯͪ ͼ; ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ ͳ ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ ͸ͪ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ;

ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ Ͳ͸ͪ͵ ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͶͰΔ͹ͼͽͳ ́͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸͹ͬͳ΀
ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͶͳΕͰ ͼͰ
ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͳͶͳͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͪͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͰͰͶͪͫ͹ͻͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ͋͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΒͰͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͰͷͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͼͬ͹Βͼͽͬͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͪ ͬͰΕͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ;
΂͸͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͯͳ͸ͪͷͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Βͳ ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ͳ ͼͽͪͶ͸; ͺͻ͹ͬͰͻ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹
ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͪͺͪͻͪͽͪ
͊͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͯͰ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͯͰͫͪͽͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ̸ͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ͵ͪ
͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ; ; ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ; ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ Βͪ΂ͪΔͰ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪͷ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸ͳͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͆Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͼͰͼͶ͹ͱͳͽͳͼ͉͹ͲͰ͸ͫͰͻͭ͹
ͬ͹ͷͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷͯͪͼͰtͯ͹ͫͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸͹Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͳͶ͹i 3PTFOCFSH ͼͽͻ
ͪͶͳͼ;
ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ Ͳͪ ͺͻͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰͷ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͰ ;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͸ͪ;͵ͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ Ͳͪ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸; ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͳͲ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͪ͵Ͷͳ͸͹ͬͳ͵ͻ;ͭͯͰͫͪͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͈͹ͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͺ͹ͶͪͲͰ
͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͼͺ;͸ͳͶͪ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ ;ͽͻͳͼͷͳͼͶͪ͵ͪ͹͹ͺͳͼͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ͹͸ͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
͵ͪ͹͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹Ͱ͵ͼͺͶͪ͸ͪ͸ͼ
ͳ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭͻͰͼͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽ
.D(SFX ͼͽͻ

͎ͳͻͼͽ ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͳͼͽͳ΂; ͯͪ tΒͪ͵ͪi ͽͰͲͪ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͳͷͪ ͽ; ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ ͳ ͹΃ͽͻ͹
ͳͲ͸͹ͼͳͽͬͻͯΔ;͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͬͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͐ͪ͵ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ; ͹͸ͪͳͯͪΓͰ
ͳͷͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸; ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͻ ͸ͪͼ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͯͪ ͻͪͲͷͳ΃Γͪͷ͹ ͹ ͽ͹ͷͰ ΃ͽͪ ͼͰ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͳ Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ
ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ ͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΔͰ tΒͪ͵Ͱi ͬͰͻͲͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͬͰΕ ͸ͪͷ
ͺ͹ͷͪͱͰͳͯͪͻͪͲͬͳΒͰͷ͹ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͰ )JSTUFUBM ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳͽͳͳ͸ͪ
ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
ȼɭɥɟɬɢʄ ȼ ɩɪɢɪ Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚ – ɦɢɬ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɜɚɪɧɨɫɬ Ȼɟɨɝɪɚɞ Ɂɚɜɨɞ ɡɚ
ɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɟɢɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɚɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ȼɭɥɟɬɢʄȼȽɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚȺɤɬɭɟɥɧɟɞɟɛɚɬɟɁɪɟʃɚɧɢɧȽɪɚɞɫɤɚɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɛɢɛ
ɥɢɨɬɟɤɚÄɀɚɪɤɨɁɪɟʃɚɧɢɧ³
ȽɢɞɟɧɫȿɋɜɟɬɤɨʁɢɧɚɦɢɡɦɢɱɟɩɪɜɨɩɪɟɞɚɜɚʃɟɭȼȼɭɥɟɬɢʄɩɪɢɪȽɥɨɛɚ
ɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɦɢɬɢɥɢɫɬɜɚɪɧɨɫɬȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɁɚɜɨɞɡɚɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɟɢɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɚɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
Dicken, P. (2000). A New Geo-HFRQRP\ɭ'+HOG $0F*UHZHGVThe Global Tran-
sformation Reader. Cambridge: Polity Press.
'RFNqV 3 0HWDNDSLWDOL]DP L WUDQVIRUPDFLMD SURL]YRGQRJ SRUHWND ɭ & 9HUFHOORQH
ɭɪ.RJQLWLYQLNDSLWDOL]DP=QDQMHLILQDQFLMHXSRVWIRUGLVWLþNRPUD]GREOMXZagreb: Nakla-
dno-LVWUDåLYDþNL]DYRG3ROLWLþNDNXOWXUD

ɄɚɫɬɟɥɫɆɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɚɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢʁɚ ɢɝɥɨɛɚɥɧɢɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɦɭȼɏɚɬɨɧɢ
ȿȽɢɞɟɧɫɩɪɢɪɇɚɢɜɢɰɢɀɢɜɟɬɢɫɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɧɢɦɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɦɨɦȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɉɥɚɬɨ
ɄɟɥɧɟɪȾȽɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɢɩɨɫɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɨɤɪɟɬ ɭȼȼɭɥɟɬɢʄɩɪɢɪȽɥɨɛɚ
ɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚ ɦɢɬɢɥɢɫɬɜɚɪɧɨɫɬɫɬɪ–ȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɁɚɜɨɞɡɚɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɟɢɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɚɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɚ
.D(SFX "
(MPCBMJ[BUJPOJO)BSE5JNFT$POUFOUJPOJOUIF"DBEFNZBOE#FZPOE ;(3JU[FS
FE
#MBDLXFMM$PNQBOJPOUP(MPCBMJ[BUJPO –
.BMEFO ."#MBDLXFMM1ublishing.
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3PTFOCFSH +
(MPCBMJ[BUJPO5IFPSZ"1PTU.PSUFN*OUFSOBUJPOBM1PMJUJDT 42: 2–74.
ɋɤɥɟɪɅɊɢɜɚɥɫɤɚɫɯɜɚɬɚʃɚɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɟɭȼȼɭɥɟɬɢʄɩɪɢɪȽɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢ
ʁɚɦɢɬɢɥɢɫɬɜɚɪɧɨɫɬɫɬɪ–ȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɁɚɜɨɞɡɚɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɟɢɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɚɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɋɤɨɬȺȽɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɞɪɭɲɬɜɟɧɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɢɥɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɤɚɪɟɬɨɪɢɤɚɭȼȼɭɥɟ
ɬɢʄɩɪɢɪȽɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɦɢɬɢɥɢɫɬɜɚɪɧɨɫɬɫɬɪ–ȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɁɚɜɨɞɡɚɭʇɛɟɧɢ
ɤɟɢɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɚɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
4DIPMUF+"
(MPCBMJ[BUJPO"$SJUJDBM*OUSPEVDUJPOOEFEJUJPO/FX:PSL1BMHSBWF.BDNJMMBO.
4LMBJS-
(MPCBMJ[BUJPO$BQJUBMJTNBOEJUT"MUFSOBUJWFT/FX:PSL0YGPSE6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT
Tonkiss, F. (2006). Contemporary Economic Sociology. Globalization, production,
inequality. London: Routledge.
'VSMPOH 1.BSTI %
"4LJO/PUB4XFBUFS0OUPMPHZBOE&QJTUFNPMPHZJO1PMJUJDBM4DJFODF
;%.BSTI(4UPLFS FET
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)BNQTIJSF1BMHSBWF.BDNJMMBO
Held. D. et al. (1999). Global Transformations. Politics, Economy and Culture. Cambridge:
Polity.
ɏɟɥɞȾȾɟɛɚɬɟɨɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɢɭȼȼɭɥɟɬɢʄɩɪɢɪȽɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɦɢɬɢɥɢ
ɫɬɜɚɪɧɨɫɬɫɬɪ–ȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɁɚɜɨɞɡɚɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɟɢɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɚɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
Hirst, P. (1997). The global economy – myths and realities. International Affairs, 73, 3
(1997): 409–424.
www.fpvmv.umb.sk/fpvmv_www/phprs/storage/File/ksp/GLUN/cap_Hirst.pdf.
ɏɢɪɫɬɉɌɨɦɩɫɨɧȽȽɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚ– ɧɟɦɢɧɨɜɚɧɦɢɬ" ɭȼȼɭɥɟɬɢʄɩɪɢɪ
Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢʁɚɦɢɬɢɥɢɫɬɜɚɪɧɨɫɬɫɬɪ–ȻɟɨɝɪɚɞɁɚɜɨɞɡɚɭʇɛɟɧɢɤɟɢɧɚɫɬɚ
ɜɧɚɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
Hirst, P., Thompson G. & Bromley, S. (2010). Globalization in Question. Third Edition.
Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Castells, M. (2000). Informacijsko društvo. Ekonomija, društvo i kultura. Svezak I. Uspon
umreženog društva. Zagreb: Golden marketing.
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globalization.
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KEYWORDS: JOUFSOBUJPOBMJ[BUJPO PG FDPOPNZ SFHVMBUJPO PG FDPOPNJD QSPDFTTFT iTUSPOH WFSTJPO PG
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341.231.14
342.734
̸̸̸̸͇͇̺͇̺͊͆͊͋̓́ͣ̀̈́͋͆́ͣ͢͠1
̸͉͇͈͇̺͆̓͊́͡
́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵̹ͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯ¢ ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͺͻͪͬ͸ͪ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͈͉̺͉͇̺̀͑͋́͋̽͆́̓͌͌͊̈́́ͅ
̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠–̸̸̸͚͉͇͎̀͆͐̾͌͆̽͆́͠ͅ
̸̸͇̺͉͎͇̺͎͈͇͉̓́͆́̓̈́̾̓͋́͆́͊̀͌ͅ
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͅ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͵Γ;΂͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͰͻͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͯͰ͹͸Ͱ;
ͱͰΓͳ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΒ; ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ͳ ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΒ; ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ;
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͻͪͯͪ
ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͌;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ;ͻͪͯ;ͼͰ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;;Ͷ͹ͭͪͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;
͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΔͪͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ̽ͪͶͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͳͯͪͶͳͯͰͭͻͪ
ͯͳͻͪΒ;ͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ;ͲͰͷΓͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸; ͵ͪ͹ͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͳͲͷͰ΃ͽͪΒ;ͯͰ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ;ͯͻ;ͭͰͯͻͱͪ
ͬͰͺͳͽͪΔͪͼ;͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ;ͬͰͲͳͼͽͳͷ ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͷ͹ͭ; ;ͫͶͪͱͳͽͳ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ΔͰ͸͹ͭͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭͯͰͶ͇ͪͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ ΁ͳΓͻͪͯͪΒͰͯͪ
ͼͰ ;͵ͪͱͰ ͸ͪ ͸͹ͬͰ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͯͪ ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ t͵ͻͳͲͰi ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͲͰͷͪΓͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΒ;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ
ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ
̺͇͌̽
͇ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͺ͹ΒͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͰΔͰ͸͹ͭ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ
ͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͸ͪͻ͹
΂ͳͽ͹;ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͪͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99*ͬͰ͵ͪ̓ͪͯͪͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͼͰͷͳͼͶͳ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͲͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͪͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷ
ͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪΒͰ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͼͪ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΒ͸Ͱͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ )BUJCPWJǀ ͼͽͻ –
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͽͻͰͫͪ
1
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ͳͷͪͽͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͽ͹ͯͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Β;ΒͰͯͪ͹̾͸ͽ͹͸ͳ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ ͭͯͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪΒ͹ͺ
΃ͽͳΒͰ;ͲͰͽ͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁ͰͼtͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͵ͻ͹ͲͳͺͻͰ͵͹;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹
ͼͽͳiΔͰ͸ͳͺͻͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΒ;ͼͰͼͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͭͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ ͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͪͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ
ΒB )BUJCPWJǀ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͳͪ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ Γ;ͯͳ ͻ͹ͫͰ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͲ͸ͪΔͪ -POǁBS ͼͽͻ
ͽͰͼͰͽͪ͵͹
ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͳͼͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ͆ͪ΂ͰͶ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͰ
ͽͪΔͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ;͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ ͳ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͭͯͰΒͰͽͰͱΔͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͺ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ;͸;ͽͪͻ
͌͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸ͪ ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͷ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͳ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽͳͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ
;͸ͳΒͰ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ΃ͳͻͰͷ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͿ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͹ͼͽͬͪ
ͻ;ΒͰ ͼͰ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪͷͪͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪ͊ ͽͳͷ; ͬͰͲͳ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ
͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰ͵ͪͯͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͵Γ;΂͸Ͱͪ͵ͽͰͻͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͱͰͶͰ
ͯͪͳͲͷͰͼͽͰͯͰ͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰ΂ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͳ͸ͳͼ;;ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪͻͪͯͪ ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸;ͺͻͰͽΔ;ͺ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͏ͳΓͻͪͯͪ
ΒͰͼͽͰ ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
͸͹ͬͳ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶͪ͸ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͻͪͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;ͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ
͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͬͳͷͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͼͰ
;Ͷ͹ͭͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ;͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔ;ͯͪͼͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳͷͺ;ͽͰͷ͹ͫͪ
ͬͰͱ; ͯͪ ΕͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ Ϳ;͸ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͰ ͳ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͸ͪ ͻͪͯ; ͯͪ ΕͰ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸Ͱ
ͷͰͻͰͲͪͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;Ͳͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔ;ͳ͸ͪͻͪͯ; ͽͰͷͰͻͰͲͪͫͻͪ͸Ͱͼͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ
ͯͰ΂ΒͰͭͳͺͻͳ͸;ͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͪ΁ͳΓͰͷͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪ
ͱͰΔͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͆ͪ͵͹͸ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ͼͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸ͪ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ;ͽͬͻͯͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͬͰͲͳ
ͼͪͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͰͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͻͪͯͪͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̸̸̸̸͈͇͚͉͇͎͇̺͉͎͇̺͎͈͇͉̾͌͆̽͆́̓́͆́̓̈́̾̓͋́͆́͊̀͌͠ͅͅͅ
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͵͹ΒͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂;Β;ͷ;Ͷ
ͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ ͹ͯ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͼͪ ΁ͳΓͰͷ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰΔͪ
ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͻͪͯͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͹͸ͳ΀ ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯͪ 1BQBEBLJT $BTBMF 5TPUSPVEJ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬͳ ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͼͰ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͳ΀ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͶͰ ͪͶͳ ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ; ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰͳͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ΂Ͱ ͽͰͼͰ͵ͪ͹ͬͪͱ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͲͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;
ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͹ͽͬͪͻͪ ͳ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͰΔͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬͰ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ ͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͬͰ ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ
͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;ͺ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ΂Ͱͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸͹ͼͪͷͳͷͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͷͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͪ͵ͬͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ;͸Ͱͽͪ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸Ͱ;ͭ͹
ͬ͹ͻͰ ͹ͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹Β ͼͪͻͪͯΔͳ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷͺ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͳͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ΂ͳͷ͇ͪͬͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͼ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪͬ͹ΌͰ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͼͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͷ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͻͪͯͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ; ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͷͪ ͻͪͯͪ

̸̸͇͇̺͇̺͊͋̓́ͣ̀̈́͋͆́ͣ͠ ͇̺͊́͡: ̀ͪ΃ͽͳͽͪͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ...
;ͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ͼͽͪͻͰΔͰͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷ
̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ̈́;ͫͪͻͯͪ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͯͰ͹ΒͰͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ͵͹Βͳ
ͯͰͶ;Β;͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͯͪ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͳͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͭͼͷͪΔͰΔͪ
΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͽͰ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͳ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ ;Ͳ ͺͻͪͽͰΕͳ
ͻͪͼͽͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ;͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͰͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸Ͱ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͻͪͯͪͼͬͳͷͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳͷͪ;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ 5FMMKPIBOO EB$PTUB .ÛMMFS
3FIGFMEU ;JNNFS ͼͽͻ
͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ͸ͪ͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; ͫͳ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ
΁ͪΔͰ ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͪ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ Δͳ΀͹ͬ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ ;͸ͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ΂Ͱͭͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͶ͹ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔ;
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͼͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳ ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ
)FSSOTUBEU – ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ΔͰ͸
ͼͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ; ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ ͯͪͯ͹ͬͰͯ;ͯ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͺ͹ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͐Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͯͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͼ͸ͪ
ͭ; ͫͳͻͪΒ;͵ͪ͹Ͷ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;Ͳͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;ͯͻͱͪͬͰͭͯͰͼ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͼͶͪͫͳΒͳ 'MBOBHFO
ͼͽͻ
͉ͪͲͶ͹ͭͶͰͱͳ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ ͺͻͰͷͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪ ͸ͳͱͳͽͻ͹΃͵͹ͬͳͻͪͯͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ
ͼ͸ͳͱͪͬͪΔͰ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͫͰͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͪͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ; ̓͹ͬͪ΂ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͌
ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ;Ͷͪͱ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͰ ͯͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰͷͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ
͸ͳͬ͹; ͽͰͯͪ ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͯͪΒ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͲͪͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͭ͹
ͬͪͻͪΔͪ͸ͪͭͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͻͪͯͪ;ͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͪͷͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ
̸̸̸͈͉͉͚͉͇͎͇̺͉͎͇̺͎̾̽̾͋́͊̽̿́͆̾͌͆̽͆́̓́͆́̓̈́̾̓͋́͆́ͅͅ
̸̸͈͇͉͊̀͌ͅ
͆ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ;ͬͰͲͳΒͰͼͪ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͯͪͼ;
ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ ͳ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͹͸Ͱ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͯͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱͳ͸ͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͻͪͯͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰ΁ͳΓͫͳ͹ͺ͹ͫ͹
Γ΃ͪΔͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ
͸ͯͪͻͯͪͻͪͯͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪͼ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ͹ͬͳ΀
;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪΒͰͼ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸ͳ;͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪ͊ͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͼ;͹ͯͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͫͳͶͳͼͬͰͼ͸ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪͯ͹͵ͼ;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ
΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͷ͹ͻͪͶͰͯͪͳ΀ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͳͯͪͳͷͼͰͺ͹ͬͳ͸;Β;ͅ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͳͻͪͼͽ;Ε͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͺ͹΂ͰͶͰͯͪͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͰͺͪͱΔ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰͼ;ͼͰ
ͼͬͰ ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͼ;͹΂ͪͬͪͶͰͼ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͺ;ͫͶͳ΁ͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͲͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͊ ͽͳͷ;
ͬͰͲͳ ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͼͰͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪͶͰ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹Γ;ͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻͳͷͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹
ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳ ͼͰ ͯͪ ΕͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ

ͻͪͯͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼ;͸ͪͼͳͷͺ͹ͲͳΒ;ͷͳͷͪ 2 ͭͯͰͼ;;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ
͸ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͬͶͪͯͪ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͲ ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀
̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀̽ͻͱͪͬͪͳͳͲ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͳͭͯͰͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹͹͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͳͷͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͳ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͪ;ͬͰͲͳͼͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͽͰͷͪͷͪ ͼͽͳͷ
ͯͪͼ;ͼͰ;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͶ͹ͱͳͶͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͯͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͶͪͲ͸ͪͽͪ΂͵ͪͳ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͳ͸ͳͷ;ͷ )FSSOTUBEU – ͼͽͻ

̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ;ͳͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷͪ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͬͳͼͪͯͻͱͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;ͯͪΕͰͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪ͌ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͼ;ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ;̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪ
ͻͪ΁ͳΒͳ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪͳͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͻͪͯ;ͳͲͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͻͪͯͪ ͪ΂ͳ͸ͰΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀͹ͼͪͷ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ– ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͫͻ͹ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͷͪͳͲͪ΃
ͽͳͽͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͪͬͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬ΁ͳͷͪͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͯͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ;Β;
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͬ͹ͷͳͲͫ͹ͻ;ͳͯͪͳͷͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;ͫͰͲͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͰΔͪͳͫͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͳͲ;ͲͰ
ͽͪ͵ͪ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͵͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱͬ͹Βͼ͵Ͱͳͺ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳΒͰ
̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͫͻ͹ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳ
ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪ͹ͺͻͪͬ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΔͰͪ͵͹Βͪͯ͹ͺ;Δ;ΒͰ̓͹͸
ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒ;ͫͻͳ΃ͽͳͽͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͹ͯͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Β;ͫͳͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳ͹ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁Ͳͫ͹ͭΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ
ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽ;͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͯͪͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͷͰͻͰ
͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͻͪͲͬͳͶͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͪͻͽ͸ͰͻͪͻͪͯͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͪ
͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹ͻͪͯ; ͑;͸ͯͰͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͫͻͳ͹Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͺͻͳ
͸;ͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΒ;͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;;͵ͳͯͪΔͪ͹ͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͺͻͳ͸;ͯ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ
͑;͸ͯͰͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͫͻ͹ͺͻͪͬ;ͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁ͪͳͱͰ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵;͸ͪ͵
͸ͪͯ;ͲͪͻͪͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͭͯͰͼͰ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͰͶͪ ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ͵͸ͪͯͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͲͪͻͪͯΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͪͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;ͯͪΕͰͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͰͷͰͻͰͲͪͺ͹ͯ
ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷͪΔͪ ͸ͪ ͫͪͲͳ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ; ͑;͸ͯͰͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ

̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͫͻ͹Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪͳ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͲͪ͸ͳͷͪΔͪ
͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͳtͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͰiͳtͲͪ͸ͳͷͪΔͰi ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ͷ
͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔ; ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔ;ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͲͪ͸ͳͷͪΔͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͲͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͰ
̽ͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃ͰͼͰͳͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͪ͵͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͰΔͰͳͶͳͯͪͬͪΔͰͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͪ͸ͪ
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͪͼͰ ͫ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͪ ͬͰͻͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ΃ͽ͹
ͳͷͪͲͪ΁ͳΓ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͰͳͶͳ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͳͶͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;Ͳͪͺ͹
΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪͳͶͳͲͪ͸ͳͷͪΔͪͳͶͳͳͷ΃ͽͰͽͰ ͑;͸ͯͰͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ
̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͫͻ͹ͷͳ͸ͳ
ͷͪͶ͸ͳͷͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳͲͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸ͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸ͪ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͲͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͋ͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱ ͼͷͰͳΕͳͳͼͺ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͼͳͷ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ;
ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪ΂ͳΒͰͼ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸Ͱͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸Ͱ ;͵͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;
ͽͪͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳͼͺ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͷͳ͸ͳͷͪͶ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳͲͪͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΔͰ
ͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͬͻͼͽͰͻͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͬ͹ͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ;ͳͶͳ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ;ͭͻ͹ͲͰͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ
ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͶͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͷͶͪͯͳ΀͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͫ;ͯ;ͳͼͺ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ̽ͻͱͪͬͰ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷ
ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪͼͪͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͯͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ
2
͈ͻͬͳΒͰ͹ͯͻͱͪ͸;̹ͻͳͼͰͶ; ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪ ͪͯͻ;ͭͳ;̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸;;ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻ;ͳͼͽͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͻͪͯͪͳͲͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͼͰͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰΔͰͳͶͳͻͪͯͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͶͪ͵΃ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ
͸ͳͼ; ΃ͽͰͽ͸ͳ ͺ͹ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͽͰ ͸Ͱ ͳͯ; ͸ͪ ΃ͽͰͽ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳ Ͷͳͼͽ
͍͉͊͠– ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͫͻ͹Β
̓͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͫͻ͹Ͳͪͫͻͪ͸ͳͳ;͵ͳͯͪΔ;ͻͪͯͪͯͰ΁Ͱ
͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͲͪͫͻͪ͸ͪͳͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪΒͭ͹ͻͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪͯͰ΂ΒͰͭͻͪͯͪ t͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͶͳͼͽ͍͉͊͠–
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳi ͫͻ͹Β

͈͹ͻͰͯ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͪͯͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀
͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͳ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͭ͹ͯͳ΃
Δͳ΀ͼͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͶͰ;Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔ;;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔ;͵͹ͷͳͽͰ
ͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͯͫ͹ͻͪͲͪͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͰ͹ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳͳ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ;͸ͪͯͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ̀ͪͽͳͷͼͶͰͯͰ͹ͯͻͰ
ͯͫͰͭͯͰͼͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;ͯͪ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΒ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵;ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ
͹ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔ;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͻͪͲͷͰ͸;ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͽͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ
͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰͺ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ΂ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͰ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸;ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒ;͹Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͷ͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸;ͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͳ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͹ͫ;͵;ͳ
ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ ͹ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͺͻͪͬͳͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͽͰ ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ ͹
Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱͅ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͰΒ͹΃͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;ͯͪΕͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽͳ;
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͯͪΕͰͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͽͳ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪͽͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳ
ͺͰͶ͹ΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͻͪͲ;ͷ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸͹ ͬͻͰͷͰͭͯͰΒͰ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ; ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͻͪͯ͸͹
ͬͻͰͷͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͯͻͱͪͬͰ;͵͹Β͹Β͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪΕͰͻͪͯͳͽͳ
͸ͪΒͪ΂ͪΔ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹̺ͭͪͰΕͳ͸ͪͼͪͯͻͱͰΒ͹΃ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͲͯͻͪͬΓͪͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ͸ͪͻͪͯ; ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͲͪͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;͵͹Βͳ
ͷͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͶ;Β; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͻͰ΂ΒͰ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳͷͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͷ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͻ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪ ΀ͰͷͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
ͳͭͻͪΌͰͬͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ̽ͻ;ͭͳͳͯ;ͳͼͺͻͰͯͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͻͪͯ; ͽͰͺ͹͵ͻͳͬͪΒ;
͹ͫͶͪͼͽ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͲͪͺ͹΃ΓͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͪͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪ ͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ *OUFSOBUJPOBM'SBNFXPSL"HSFFNFOUT–BO
FNQMPZFSTHVJEF ͼͽͻ

̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͇̻̺͚͉͇͎͇̺͉͎͌̈́́̀͆͐̀̓͌͐́̾͌͆̽͆́̓́͆́͢͠͡ͅ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͇̺͎͈͇͉͈͇̺͉̺͉͎̓̈́̾̓͋́͆́͊̀͌͊͊̾̓͋͊͋́̽͆́́͢ͅ
͇͊͏̸̸̸̸̸̸͎͈͉̺͇̺̻͇̹́̈́͆́͌͌͊̈́́̈́̈́́̀͠ͅ͏́̾͠
̽Ͱ΃ͪͬͪ ͼͰ ͯͪ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ ͹ͯͶ;͵; ͯͪ ͺͻͰͫͪ΁Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ ;
ͲͰͷΓͰͼͪ͸ͳͱͳͷͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪ ͭͯͰΒͰ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ͵ͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ΂ͰͭͪͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪ
ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͶ͹ ;ͼͬͪΒͪΔ; ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ
͸ͯͪͻͯͪͼͪ΁ͳΓͰͷ;ͼ͵ͶͪΌͳͬͪΔͪ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͻͪͯͪ͊ͽͳͷ;ͬͰͲͳ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͻͪͯ;ͳ;ͬͰͲͳͼͪͻͪͯ͹ͷ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͪ̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺͻͳ
ͬ;͵ͶͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͶͪͯͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͹͸ͳ΀ ; ͻͪͲͬ͹Β; ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ

ͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ; ͼͷͪΔͰΔ; ͹ͫͳͷͪ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ; ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͼ͸ͳͱͪͬͪΔͪ ΁Ͱ͸ͪ ͻ͹ͫͰ ͳ
;ͼͶ;ͭͪ ͽͰͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͯͪͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪ
ͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹Ͷ͹΃ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ΒͰͻͼ;ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͵ͪͲͪͶͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ͵ͰͲͪͻͪͯͰ
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͰͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͰͼͪ͸ͳͼ͵ͳͷͻͪͯ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪͯ͹͸͹ͼͰ͸ͳͼ͵;ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͯ͹͵ ͼ
ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͽͳͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͼ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪ͸ͳͼ͵;ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ͵͹Βͪͷ͹ͱͰ
͹ͫͰͼ΀ͻͪͫͻͳͽͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͯͪͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͻͪΒ;;ͽ;ͯͻͱͪͬ; 'MBOBHBO ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ͹ͽͳͷͺͻͰ
ΒͰͻ ΒͰ ͯͪΓͰ ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ ͯͪ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳ ͻͪͯͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ ͻͪͯ͸͹ Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ ͳͷͪΒ;
ͷͪͶͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸Ͱͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͰ 'MBOBHBO ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪΒͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳΒͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ
;ͳͲͫ͹ͻ;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͲͰͷΓͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒΕͰ ͹ͽͺ͹΂Ͱͽͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͷͪ͹ͫͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͳ
ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͬͶͪͯͰͯͪ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸Ͱͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͰ
͌ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͳͯͪͶͳ
ͯͰͭͻͪͯͳͻͪΒ; ͻͪͯ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ ; ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸; ͇ͬ͹ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͹ͯ ͬͪͱͰΕͳ΀ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ;ͯͪͽ͹Βͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͯͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ
;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͭͯͰͼ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͲͪͻͪͯ;͸ͳͼ͵ͳ ͹ͯͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΕͰͼͰͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͶͳ͸ͰͳͲͪͻͪͯͪ 'MBOBHBO ͼͽͻ
͌ͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͷͪͭͯͰͼ;͹ͬͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͬͳ΃ͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷ͹ͭ;͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪͽͳͬͰΕͰͲͪͻͪͯͰ;Ͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͲͪͺ͹ͼ
ͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ 'MBOBHBO ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͻͰͯ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͶ;Β; ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳͷͶ͹͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͼ͵;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ; ͽͰͼ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸ͳͯͪͼͰ
ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͰ͸ͳͱͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͻͪͯͪ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕ;͋͹ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰ;ͬͰ͵ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ ΒͰͻ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ
ͯ͹ͶͪͲͪ͵ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰͯͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͷ
ͷ͹Εͳͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͻͪͯͪͯͻͱͪͬͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ͸ͪ
̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͶͰͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ
ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ͵͹ΒͳͯͰͶ;Β;͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͶͳͼ;;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͸ͳΒͰ
;ͼͪͷ͹ͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸ͳ ͬͰΕ;ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͸͹Β͸ͪͷͰͻͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ
͸;͸͹ͬͳ ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͲͪ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͰͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪ
͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͻͪͲͬ͹Βͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͢ͳ΀͹ͬͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪͼͰ ;͵͹͸
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͲͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͽͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͶͳ΁ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͽΒͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͳ΀;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵͹ͷͺͪ
͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͳͻͪͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳͷ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ
̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͲͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳ
ͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹Ͳͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͰΒͰͼͽͰͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻ;͵͆ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪΒͰͼͽͰ;ͬͰͲͳͼͪͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͷͼͪͻͪͯΔͰͼ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂ͰΔͪ
͸͹ͬͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹;ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;͆ͪͳͷͰ ͹ͬͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ
ͻͰͪͿͳͻͷͳ΃;ͼͪͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳͺ͹ͷͪͱ;;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͷͪͼ͸ͳͼ͵ͳͷͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ΂Ͷͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͷ͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͪͯͻͱͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ
͸ͪͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ΂Ͱͳͺ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵Ͱ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͼ;ΒͰͻͼͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪͯ͹ͷͪ΃ͪΒͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͽͪ͵͹
ͯͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͰ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͯͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ΂ͪͳͺ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵͈ͪ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰͷ;

͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͼͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷ ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒ;
͵ͪ͹ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸Ͱͺͪͻͽ͸ͰͻͰ ΃ͽ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͻͬͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵;ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ͸ͳͬ͹; %SPVJO – ͼͽͻ
̀ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͹ͯ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ
͵͹ΒͰͳͷͪΒ;ͫͳͽ͸ͰͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͰͲͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͯͪ
ͶͳΕͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͯ͹͸Ͱͽͳ͹ͯͶ;͵;ͯͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͺͻͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͲͪ͵Γ;
΂ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͲͪͬͳͼͳ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͹ͯΔͰ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͻͰ΂ΒͰ͹ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;
ͪͶ͸͹Β͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹Β͹ͯͶ;΁ͳ ͯ͹͸Ͱͽ͹Β;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͳͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹͉ͭͪͪͲͶ͹
Ͳͳͼ;;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ 4PCD[BL ͼͽͻ

ͭͯͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͬͳͯͰ͹ͬͰͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͲͪͼͷͪΔͰΔͰͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ;
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔ; ͽͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͳͪͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͰͻͰͺ;ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͫ͹Γͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͪͻͪͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪ
ΔͰͷ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͬͰΕͰ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͰ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ
ͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͰͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ
͸ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺͪͻͽ͸ͰͻͼͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ͽͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰ͵͹͸ͼ;Ͷͽ;ΒͰͼΔ͹ͷ;ͬͰͲͳ
ͼ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ 4UFWJT ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪ
ͬͻͰͷͰͯͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͼͽͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒ;͹ͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͪͷͪͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͺͻͰ
ͯ;ͲͰͶͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͰͷͰͻͰͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹͹ͽ͵ͶͪΔͪΔͰͳͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͶ͹ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪΔͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͷͰͯͳΒͰ ΂ͳͷͰ
ͼͰ ;͵ͻͪΒΔͰͷ ͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͪͬͪΔͰ;ͭͶͰͯͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͳΔͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͪ͵ͶͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ )BEXJHFS
ͼͽͻ–
͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͰͷͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͬͳͻ
͸͹ͭ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͯͪͬ͹ͯͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;͵͹Β͹ͷ ͹͵;ͺΓͪΒ;
ͻͪͯ͸;ͼ͸ͪͭ;ͳͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸Ͱͺͪͻͽ͸ͰͻͰ͹͵͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ
ͽͳͬ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵;Β; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΒ;ͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;͸͹ͬͰͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͰͬͰͲͰ̀͸ͪ΂ͪΒͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪͲͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ;ͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͪͷͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ΒͰ ͲͪͺͪͱͰ͸ ; ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͳͼ; ͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪ ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;͹ͫͲͳͻ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͼ;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ
͸ͳΒͰ;͹ͫͪͬͰͲͳͯͪͺ͹΃ͽ;Β;ΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ;͵͹Β͹Β͹ͫͪͬΓͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ͊ͽͳͷ;
ͬͰͲͳ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͳͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͪ͸ͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪ
ͽͳͬ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͰͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͸Ͱ͵͹Β͹ͯͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͪ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸ͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͰͶ;ΒͰͺͻͰͬͰ͸ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͽͰͼͺͻͰ΂ͳͽͪ͵ͬͰͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͱ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͪ ; ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͌ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͼͰ ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭͪ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ Ͳͪ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͪͼͬͰͺ͹ͯͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵͹ͷͯͪͼ;ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳ;ͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͪͷͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ
͸ͳΒͪͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ͳͳͼͽͳ͸ͳͽ͹͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ͹ͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸ͳͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͷͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͼͺ͹
ͻͪͲ;ͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͻͰͪͭ͹ͬͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵;ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪ͹ͫͪͬͰͼͽͳͶͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͹Βͺ͹ͬ
ͻͰͯͳͺͻͪͬͪͅͰͻͰͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͭͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͬͳͼͳΕͰ͹ͯͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽ
ͺͳͼͪ͸͹ͭͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͭͯͰΒͰͲͪͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸;Ͳͪ΃
ͽͳͽ;ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͯͪΒͰ;ͼͪͷ͹ͷͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ;ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͯͪͼͰ͹͸͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ
͸ͪͼͬͰͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͰ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹ΒͰͳ͸ͪΔͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵Ͱͳͯ͹ͫͪͬΓͪ΂Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳͽ͹ͯͪͼͺ͹
ͻͪͲ;ͷͫ;ͯͰ͸ͪͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͯ
ͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͼͺ͹ͻ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪͼͽͪͽͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͽ͹ͷͰͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ
͹ͬͳ΀ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ Ͳͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ; ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͻ ; ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ
͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ;ͯͪͺͻͳͼͽͪ͸;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͼͰ;ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ;͸Ͱͼ;͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ;

͸ͪͯͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͼͺ͹ͻ͹ͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹ͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ 4PCD[BL ͼͽͻ

͸ͪ΂Ͱͷ;ͽͻͰͫͪͻͪͯͳͽͳ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͳ͹ͬͰ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͸ͰͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ
͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͪͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͪΒͰ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪͫͻ
ͳ ͵͹ΒͰ΂ͳ͸Ͱ̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΒ;͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳͷͪͳͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͻͪͯ;

͉ͪͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͯͰ͹ͼ;ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͳͷͪΒ;Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ΂ͳͷͰΒͰ
͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌͰ͸ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵͈ͪͻͳͽ͹ͷ ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͶ;Β;΂Ͱͽͳͻͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͻͪ
Ͳ;ͷ– ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ-VLPJM -FPOJ -BGBSHF ͳ'JBUͅͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͽͻͳ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͼͳͷ͵͹ͷͺͪ
͸ͳΒͰ-VLPJM ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ͯͪͺͻ;ͱͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͲͪ͵Γ;
΂ͳͶͰ͌ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ-VLPJM3;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪͬ͹ͯͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸;ͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;ͳͯͪ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸Ͱ ;ͼͬͳͷͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͪͷͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳ͹͸;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͹
ͼͬͳͷͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷͪ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͊ͽͳͷ;ͬͰͲͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ΒͰ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ
͹ͯͫ͹ͻ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯ͹͵ͷͰ͸ͪΘͰͻͳ
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͷͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸͹;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͰ͸;͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;ͯͪͼͰͼͪͼͽͪΒ;ͼͪ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ͹ͯͫ͹ͻͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͷͰͼͰ΂
͸͹ ͪͺ͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͳͬͳ΃Ͱͺ;ͽͪ̽ͪΓͰͼͰͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͯͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͳͷͪ͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͳͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸
͹ͺ΃ͽͳͺͻͪͬͳͶ͸ͳ͵ ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͺ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͲͯͻͪͬΓͰͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͻͪͯ; ͪͯ͹͸Ͱͽͳͼ;
͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ͭͼͽͪΔͪͳ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͷ͆ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͶͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͆ͪͳͷͰ ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪͷͰ͸ͪΘͷͰ͸ͽ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͼͪ͹ͬͳͷͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͹ͷͳͶͳ
ͭͪ͸Ͱͼͷͪͽͻͪͫͳͽ͸ͳͷ;Ͳͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͯͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͶ;ΒͰ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͪͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͼͽͬ͹ͷͳͺͻͪ͵ͼ͹ͷ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͽͰͯͪͽͪ͵ͬͳͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;͸ͰͷͪΒ;͸Ͱ͵ͰͬͰΕͰ
ͳͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸ͳ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ ͼ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪ͵͹ͯͰ͵ͼͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͯͶͳ͵;ΒͰ;͸ͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͫͰͲͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪͳ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀
ͿͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͪͳͷͪͲͪ΁ͳΓͻͪͲͬ͹Βͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵
ͼͽ; ;͸ͪͺͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͳ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ; ͼͬͳͷ ͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͪͷͪ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ; ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͸ͳͼ; ͻͪͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͪͯͪ͌͸͹΃ͰΔͰͷ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͳ͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͲͯͻͪͬΓͪͳͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͻͪͯ; ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͳ
͹Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪΒͰͺͻͪͬͪ΁͵ͪ͵͹ͷͰͼͰͳͯͰͺͻ͹΃ͳ
ͻͰΔͰ͹ͫͳͷͪͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͺͻͪͬͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͲͪͺͪͱͰ͸͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ΒͰͼͽͰ͸ͰͺͻͳͼͽͪΒͪΔͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ
͸ͳΒͪͯͪͼͰ;ͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸;ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ;͸Ͱͼ;ͳ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰ͹ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ;͸ͪͯͺͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷͳ͹
ͷͰͻͪͷͪͲͪ͹ͽ͵ͶͪΔͪΔͰͺ͹ͬͻͰͯͪ ΃ͽ͹ͬͪΓͪ͹ͽ͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͽͳ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
3
́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;ͪ͹ͫͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͭͼͪͷͰ͸ͪΘͰͻ͹ͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼͪΒͪͬ͸͹΃Ε;
͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ-VLPJM ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ

͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͰΔͪͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͼͪΔͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͼͬͳͷͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͪͷͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ
͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͶͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻ͸Ͱ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻ͹ͬͰ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͼͪͯͻͱͳ
͸ͳͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͲͪͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸;Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͻͪͯ;ͳ;ͬͰͲͳͼͪͻͪͯ͹ͷ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
%SPVJO 3$ –

1SPNPUJOH'VOEBNFOUBM-BCPVS3JHIUTUISPVHI*OUFSOBUJPOBM'SBNFXPSL
"HSFFNFOUT1SBDUJDBM0VUDPNFTBOE1SFTFOUDIBMMFOHFBT$PNQBSBUJWF-BCPVS-BX1PMZ+PVSOBM

–
EnvJSPONFOUBOE0DDVQBUJPOBMIFBMUIBOETBGFUZDMBVTFTJOUIF*OUFSOBUJPOBM'SBNFXPSL"HSFFNFOUT"
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305

̸̸͇͊͆̾̿͆͊͊͋͑́͆͠1
̸̸͇̺͆͐́̓́ͣ͠ͅ2
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͆͹ͬ͹ͷ͊ͪͯ;
͇ͯͼͰ͵Ͳͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;
̸̻͇̹͇̈́̈́͆–̸̸͇͇͈͉̺̈́̓̈́͆͌̾̽͊͋́
͉̹̿̾͆̾͌͊́́͠–
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͎͇͈͆̈́́̀͊̽̿̿̾͆͊̓́͐͊́͊͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͈͹ͶͪͲ͸ͪͽͪ΂͵ͪ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͷͻͪͯ;ΒͰͼͽͰͽͬͻͯΔͪͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺͻͰͽΔ;ͳͯͰ͸
ͽͳͽͰͽ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͸ͳͳͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ
ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͆ͪͳͷͰ
ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰͺ͹ΒͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͯͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β
;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͼͰ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͶͳ͵ͪͷͪͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͷͪͱͰ͸Ͱ
͌ͻͪͯ;ΒͰ;ͻͪΌͰ͸ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΀;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͵͹͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺ͹ͯ
ͳͼͽͳͷ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͳ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͷͪͶ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀
ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͈ͻͳͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͰ͸ ΒͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͳ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͽͰͷͰΓͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͱͰ͸;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ́Ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͼͶͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͵͹
Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔ͈ͪͻͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳͼͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͱͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔ;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͹͸͹ͭ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͶͳ ΒͰ ; ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͪ ͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͰ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͳͼͽͳͶͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͱͰ͸ͪͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ ͯͪͶͳͼͰ;ͷͰͯͳΒ
ͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;ͱͰ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸;Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͼͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳͷ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪΒͰͯͪͼͶͳ͵ͪͱͰ͸Ͱ;ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
ͼͶͳ͵;ͱͰ͸Ͱͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͳͷͪΒ;ͫͳͽ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ;ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ
ͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͱͰ͸;;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͳ΀;Ͷ͹ͭͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹–Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͱͰ͸Ͱ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳ ͬͰͼͽͰͻ
͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
1
stojsin.snezana@gmail.com
2
jovana.cikic@ff.uns.ac.rs

̺͇͌̽
͇ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͽͻ͹΃ͳͽͳͻͰ΂ͳ͈ͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸
͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷͻͪͯ͹ͬͳͷͪo ͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰͷͳͼͬͰΒͰͬͰΕͳ a ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͼ;ͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳ;
ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ3 ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͻͰΕ;ͼͰ͹ͯΔͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͭ
ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͵͹Βͪͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰΌ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷͪ ͺͪͼͬͰͯ͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪ
͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͹ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ; ͵͹Βͳ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ;͵ͳͯͪΔͰ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹̻ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ ͺͻͰͷ̻ͪͳͯͰ͸ͼ;
͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹ΒͰͷͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;͸ͪͬͰͶͳ͵͹Β;ͯͪΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͪͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰ ;ͼͶͰͯͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͰΔͪΒ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͳ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ͈ͪͻͳͽ͹ͷͰͷ͹ͱͰͯͪ
ͯ͹ΌͰ ͯ͹ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀
ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͆ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͽͻͪͭ; ;ͻͪͯ;ͼͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬͰ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ
͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ; ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͪͽΒͰͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͯͳͷͰ͸Ͳͳ
Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͼ;ͼͻͰͽͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ (JEFOT
̻ͪΒͳΕ
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tͼͶͳ͵Ͱ ͳͯͰΒͰ ͻ͹ͫͪͳͼͽͳͶ͹ͬͳͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͻ;ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷͫͻͱͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͵ͪͯͪi ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͯͻͰ
ΌͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯͪΓͰ͹ͺͼͽͪΒ;͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀
ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ͬͰΕ ͳ ͷͰΌ; ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͳͼͽ͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͼͽͪͻͳ–ͷͶͪͯͳ ͬͳ΃ͳ–͸ͳͱͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ
ͼͶ͹ΒͰͬͳ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ ͷ;΃͵ͪͻ΁ͳ–ͱͰ͸Ͱ
͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ͹ͬ͹͸ͪͼͬͻͪΕͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͯ͹;ͷͳ΁;;͵͹ͷ
ͺͻͪͬ΁;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͻ΃ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽ͹ͭͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͷ͹͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
͈ͻͬ͹ ͯͪͶͳ;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͳͶͳͼͰͺ͹ͯ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼͽͳΒ͹΃ ͬͳ΃Ͱͳͼͽͳ΂; ̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒ "QBEVSBK
ͳͼͽͳ΂ͰͯͪΒͰ
ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹t͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷͪͬͰͶͳ͵;Ͱͷͺͳ
ͻͳΒͼ͵;ͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ;͐ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͳͷͪͯͬͪͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͆Ͱ͵ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ 3JU[FS 4BO
UPT
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼ;ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ ͯ͹͵
ͯͻ;ͭͳ 3PCFSUTPO ,IPOELFS
ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͽͬͪͻͪͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽ͹ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹
͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸͹ͼͽ͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ΕͳͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ

ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͯͬͪͺͻͪͬ΁͈ͪ͹ΔͰͷ; ͺͻͬ;ͭͻ;ͺ;΂ͳ͸Ͱͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;Ͳͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽͳͯͪΕͰͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰt;͵͹Β͹ΒΕͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͷ͹Ε͸ͳΒͳ΀ͳ͸ͪΒͫ͹
ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀– ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ΀͹Ͷͳͬ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͯ;΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ– ͺͻͰͭͪͲͳͽͳͼ͸ͪͭ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪͳͽͻͪ
ͯͳ΁ͳΒͰi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΒ;Εͳ ͺ͹ͯ ͽͳͷ ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͳ
ͭ;΃ͰΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͌ͯͻ;ͭ;ͭͻ;ͺ; ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼͳͲͯͬͪΒͪͪ;ͽ͹ͻͰ͵͹ΒͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹
3
͌ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹΁ͳͽͳͻͪ͸ͪ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Β;ͯͪΒ;͎ͰͶͯͳͼͪͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ )FME et el ͼͽͻ–

ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹Β͹Βͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͽͻͳͼͽͻ;ΒͰ;ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ΀ͳͺͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͳ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͳͲͷͰΌ;Δͳ΀ͼͪͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͰ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;͸ͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ΔͰ͸Ͱ
;Ͳͻ͹͵Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳͽͻͪΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ–1

͇͊͋͑́͆͠ ͐́̓́ͣ: ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹–Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͱͰ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ– ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͼͪͯͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͵͹ΒͰ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ;ͼͬͰͽ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃; ͼͰ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ͷ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ ͳͲ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪi
ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̹͹ͱͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͷ;Ͷ
ͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͯͰͶͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͫͰͲͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͳͶͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͷ͹ͯͰͶͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͪΒͷ͹ͯͰͶͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͬͳ΃ͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸̺ͪͰͫͰͻ͹ͬͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͳͽͳͺ͸Ͱͭ͹͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸;ͼͶͳ͵; ͫͪͻ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͷ͹ͽͳ΂ͰͼͰͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰΕͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹ΒͷͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ
ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;͉ͳ΁Ͱͻ͹ͬ;͸Ͱͯ͹;ͷͳ΁; 3JU[FS
4BOUPT ͼͽͻ

ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͶͳͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽͳͽͳͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ

tΒͰͻͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΂͵Ͱͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͪͻͽͰͿͪ͵ͽͳ ͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ ͫͳͶ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶͳͲͷ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Β
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͳͺͻͪͬͪ ͿͳͶͷ;i͊ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ̸ͺͪͯ;ͻͪΒ
ͼͽͻ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪΒͰ̓͹ͻͰΒ΁ͳͷͪͬͰΕͳͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͯΒͪͺͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̓ͪͷͫ͹Θͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ͹ͯͬͳΒͰͽ͸ͪͷͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳΒͰͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͺͪ͵ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽͪ͸͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
͆ͪ͵͹͸͹ͬͳ΀͵ͻͪΕͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪ ͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͯͪͶͳΕͰͯ͹Εͳͯ͹ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͬͳͯ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;Ͳ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔͰͼͬͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ
͸ͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ̻ͪΒͳΕ ͼͽͻ
ͳͶͳͯ͹΀ͳͫͻͳͯͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ;ͲͲͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ
͸ͳ΀ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳtͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪiͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͪͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪ ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ ͸Ͱͷͪͼ;ͷ
ΔͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͸͹ͯͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹͹ͯͷͪ͵Ͷͪ ͳͲͬ;͵ͶͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ– ;
͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳΒͰͻͰ΂͹;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ ͪ;͵͹Β͹ΒͷͰͻͳ
ͼͰͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͺ͹͸;ΌͰ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͳ;ͼͬͪΒͪΒ;ͽ;ΌͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ;ͭͻͪ
Ό;Β; ;Ͷͳ΂͸ͳ ͭͻ;ͺ͸ͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ4 ͪ͠ͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵͸ͳͽͳΒͰͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳt͸ͪ΃ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪi ΒͰͻͪ;ͽͪͻ΀ͳ΂͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰ
ͺ͹ͯ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͼ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ;͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽ;̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͽͪΒ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͪ͸– ͽͪΒ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͼͰ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͬͻ΃ͳͺ;ͽͰͷͷͰͯͳΒͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸ͰͼͷͰͷ͹ͯͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͷ͹ͯͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬͰ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ ͪͽͳͷͰͳͱͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͼͬͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ; ͆ͰͷͪͶͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹Εͳ͸ͪͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ– ͺ͹Ͷ;
ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪͼͰ;
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ͵͹Β;͸ͪͷͰΕͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͪͲͪͺͻ͹ͳ
Ͳͬ͹ͯͰ ͽͲͬ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ͱͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͆ͪ ͹ͬͪΒ ͼͰ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͷͰΌ; ͱͰ͸ͪͷͪ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͳͷͪ
ͺ͹Ͷ;
ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͸Ͱ
ͯ͹ͼͽͳͱ͸ͳͳͯͰͪͶ
0ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͳͶͳͼͷ͹;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͺͳͽͪ
Β;ΕͳͼͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ
͸͹ΒͼͶͳ΁ͳͱͰ͸Ͱ͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ͹ͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β;Ͷ͹ͲͳͱͰ͸Ͱ;
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ΒͰͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪ͋ͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ
͸;ͽͳ ͯͪ ͼͷ͹ ͹ͬͯͰ ͺ͹Βͪͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ; ͸Ͱ͵; ͻ;͵; ͺ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽͳͶͳ ͼ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷ ͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͱͰ
4
͇ͺͳͽͪΔ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͶͳ΂͸͹ͭͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ΃ͳͻͰͬͳͯͰͽͳ̻ͪΒͳΕ

ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ ; ͬͳͯ; ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸Ͱ ͼͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͱͰ͸Ͱͯͪ͸ͪͼ
̸͇͈͉͇̾̽́́̓͋̾̾͠͡ͅͅ͏̸̸̸̻͇̹̾͊̈́̈́́̀͏́̾͠
́ͯͰΒ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͲͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹ͯͰͶͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ
;͹͵ͬͳͻ;͵͹ΒͰͭ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͰͯͳΒͳ͇ͬͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΒͰ
t;ͼͷͰͻͰ͸͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͰ͵ͶͳͳͲ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷͪͼͷͰ
ͯͳΒͪi 4LMFS ͼͽͻ
̹͹ͱͳͶ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͳͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ
ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͯ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͼͿͰͻͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͵ͻͳͲ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ͭͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺͰͻͼ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ̽ͪ͸ͪͼtͷͰͯͳΒͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ͹͵ͬͳͻͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͶͳ
͵͹ͬͪΔͪ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͰͭͻͪͯͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͰ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͳ ͼͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪͼͽͬͪͻ
͸͹ͼͽͳi ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰͯͳΒͳ – ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪ ͸͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳ ͵ΔͳͭͰ ͿͳͶͷ͹ͬͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ –
͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͼ; ; ͼͬͰͭͪ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͷͰΌ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ 4LMFS ͼͽͻ
͇͸ͳͼ;ͽͰͷͰΓͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͬͪͱͪ͸Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͳΔͰ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ $PMMJOT
2011(BVOUMFUU
͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͷͶͪΌͳ΀ͱͰ͸ͪ 4UJDF .BYGJMFE 8FMMT #FMM %JUUNBS

͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͲͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͭͶͪͼͳͯͪΒͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͱͰ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͳ͵ͪͱͰ͸Ͱͼͪ̀ͪͺͪ
͈ͯͪͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͼͰͯͪͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͱͰ
Γ͸ͰͼͶͳ͵Ͱ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒͪΒ;ΕͳΒͰ;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͳ΀;Ͷ͹ͭͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰΒͰͯͪ ͶͳΒͰͽͪͼͶͳ͵ͪͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͶͳΒͰ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹͹͸͹Ͷ͹΃ͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹͆ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ̻ͪΒͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͵͹Βͪͺ͹ͽͺͪͯͪΒ;ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪt΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸Ͱͷͪ
Β;ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͳͼͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͳͼͪ͸Ͱͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͰͳͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸;͵;ͼ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱ
ͼ;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͼͪͯͻͱͪ
ΒͰi͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͷ͹ͯͪͼ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷͳͱͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͻͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͶͳ͵ͪͳͯͪΒͰ͹͸͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹;ͯͻ;ͭͳ
ͺͶͪ͸
͇ͼ͸͹ͬͪ Ͳͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ΒͰͼ; ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͳͲͶͪͲͰ ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ̓ͪ͹ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳ ;
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͫͻ͹Βͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͫͻ͹Βͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͳ
ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪͽͰͷͪ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺͳͼͪͶ͹ ͫͻ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ΀

ͻͰ΂ͳ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪͳͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹
̸͇͇͇͈͇̾͋̽̈́͑̓̾͆̾͆̾ͅͅ
͈͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͹͵ͬͳͻͪ ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;Ͷ͹ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵ͳ΀
ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪͯͪΓͰͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;͈ͻͬ͹ ͯͪͶͳͼͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͹ͱͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪ
Δ;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳ͹͸͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͶͳΒͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͪͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪ
ΔͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲͪ΁ͪͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪͳͼͽͳͶͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͱͰ͸ͪͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ̽ͻ;
ͭ͹ ͯͪͶͳͼͰ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;ͱͰ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͫͳ͸;Β;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͼͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͼͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͺͰ

΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͪ ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͰͯͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷͰΓͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;ͱͰ͸;;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͼ;;ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪ
͌ͻͪͯ;ΒͰ;ͻͪΌͰ͸ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸ͳ΀;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͵͹͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ
ͼͰͺ͹ͯͳͼͽͳͷ͸ͪͲͳͬ͹ͷͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͳ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷΒͰͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳͷͪͶ͹ͫ
ͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ͈ͪ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͼ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͯͬͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͪͪ
ͼͬͪ͵ͳ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͺ͹͸ͪ͹ͼ͹ͫ ͳͫ

ͭͻ;ͺ͸ͳ͸ͳͬ͹͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ; ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ͌;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵
ͼ;;΃ͶͳͽͻͳͶͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͪ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ– Elle )BSQFST#B[BBSͳ(SB[JB ͳͭͻ;ͺͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀– ̹ͪͲͪͻ -FQB
JTSFǀOBͳ#MJDßFOB.
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͼ; ͪͺͻͳͶͼ͵ͳ ͫͻ͹ΒͰͬͳ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͳ ͽ͹ ͺ͹ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͫͻ͹Β ͷͰͼͰ΂͸ͳ͵ͪ Elle )BSQFST
#B[BBS (SB[JB -FQB J TSFǀOB ͯͬͪ ͫͻ͹Βͪ ͯͬ͹͸ͰͯͰΓ͸͹ͭ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ ̹ͪͲͪͻ ͳ ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ ͪͺͻͳͶͼ͵ͪ ͫͻ͹Βͪ
ͼͰͯͷͳ΂͸͹ͭ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ #MJD ßFOB ́Ͳͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͽͻͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵ ;͵;ͺ͸͹

Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ
ͳͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ

̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͈͇͆̈́́̀̽͋̓́̽́͊̓͌͊́͠
͌ͪͺͻͳͶͼ͵ͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͬͳͷͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͰ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
͸͹ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵͈ͪͻ͹ͼͰ΂ͪ͸ͫͻ͹Β΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͫͻ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ΒͰ
͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͫͳͽ͸ͪ ͻͰ΂ ͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ; ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔ;ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭ ͼͽͳͶͪ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͱͰ͸Ͱ͆ͪͳͷͰ ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ;ͺͻ͹ͼͰ͵;ΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ͬͳ΃ͰͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͫͻ͹Β;
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹;Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͰ;#MJDßFOJ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ
͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ
Ͳͪͽͳͷ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;-FQBJTSFǀOB
ͳ̹ͪͲͪͻ;
͌Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ
͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͰͽͰ͵ – ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;(SB[JB ;Elle ͳͼͪͷ͹ ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪͺ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ;)BSQFST#B[B
ar͋Ͱ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ;Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͼ;͵ͻͪͽ͵ͳͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͼͪͯͻ
ͱͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͳ͸Ͱͭ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͱͪ͸ͻ;
͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ;Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͪͷ͹Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͳͶͳͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰ͹ͯ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͰͶ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͋ͪ͵͹ ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;)BSQFST
#B[BBS ͸ͪͺͻͬͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͽͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ΂Ͷͪ͸͵ͪ ͬͰΕͼͪͷ͹ͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͳͽͰ͵ͺ͹͸Ͱ
͵ͳ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ;ΒͰͯ͸;΁ͰͶͳ͸;͇ͬͪ͵͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͫͻ͹ΒͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͳ
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͷ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪͳͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪͷͪ͹ͯͻͰͯͳ͹ΒͰͳͽͰͷͰ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ
ͺͳͼͪͶ͹ ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͳͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ; Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͯ;
ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
ͽͰͷͰ͹͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͺͳ΃Ͱͽͳ΂; ͼͰͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;;
͹ͬͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͳͲͯͬͪΒͪ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ5 ͵ͪ͹ͽͰͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ΂Ͷͪ͸͵ͪ ΂ͪ͵ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;
)BSQFST#B[BBS ͳ ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹ΒͪͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;(SB[JB
ͪͲͪͽͳͷͷ͹ͯͪ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ

͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬ͹ͯͪͫͳͻͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ;Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ΃ͪΓͰͺ͹ͻ;͵;΂ͳͽͪͽͰΓ͵ͪͷͪͯͪΒͰ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ
ͬͪͱ͸ͪ ͪͶͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͷ͹ͯ͸ͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͳͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰͳͺͪ͵͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ
5
͌͹ͫͶͪͼͽ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͯͳͶͪ͵΃Ͱͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰ ͼͬͻͼͽͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͰ͹͵Δͳͭͪͷͪ ͳͲͶ͹ͱͫͪͷͪ ͼͶͳ͵ͪͻͼͽͬ;ͳ
ͼͶͳ΂͸͹

͸ͪͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͯͪΒͰͷ͹ͯͪͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͪ͋ͳͷͰ ͼͰͼͽͬͪͻͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͺͻͳͽͳͼͪ͵͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Δ͹ͷ
t.VTUIBWFͯͰͼͰͽ͵͹ͷͪͯͪ ͹ͯͰΕͰ ͹ͫ;ΕͰͳͶͳ͸ͪ͵ͳͽͪ– ͺͻͳͷͪ;ͽ
͹ͬͰͼͰͲ͹͸Ͱi
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ͋ͰͷͰ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͰͱͰ͸Ͱ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ
)BSQFST -FQBJ
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ #MJDßFOB ̹ͪͲͪͻ Elle (SB[JB
#B[BBS TSFǀOB
149 41 37 57 90
͌͵;ͺ͸͹

19 10 11 10 14 5
ͅ͹ͯͪ

12 7 4 11 17
̓͹ͲͷͰͽͳ͵ͪ

92 4 20 11 23
͌ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ

53 30 1 1 2 11
́ͼ
΀ͻͪ͸ͪ

͊ͺ͹ͻͽ 27 13 4 2 3 13
ͲͯͻͪͬΓͰ

10 2 2 2 1 3
͈;ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ –

52 24 20 1 7
̈́ͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ – –

29 10 3
͈ͼͳ΀͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ – – –

17 7 4 3 15
͇ͼͽͪͶ͹ –

͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͽͰͷͰͼ;ͬͰ͹ͷͪͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵Ͱ̓͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͹ ͷ͹ͯͳ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͯͪ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͬͪͱ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ΂ͳͽͪͽͰΓ͵e ;
͊ͻͫͳΒͳͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰtͷ͹ͯ͸͹͹ͼͬͰ΃ΕͰ͸ͪi ͱͰ͸ͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͲͪͯͻͱͪͶͪΒͰͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁Ͱͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ ͽͰͷ͹ͻͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͯͪ͵;ͬͪ ͯͪͺ͹ͯͳͱͰͯͰ΁; ͪͶͳͳ ͯͪͬͰͱͫͪͳͫͪͬͳͼͰ
ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͹ͷ͇ͬ͹ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;ΒͰͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͹͵;ͬͪΔ;ͳͳͼ΀ͻͪ͸ͳ ;#MJDßFOJ
ͼͺ͹ͻͽ;ͳ
ͲͯͻͪͬΓ; ;#MJDßFOJ ;-FQBJTSFǀOB
͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͷͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ;̹ͪͲͪͻ;
7 ͇ͬͰ
ͽͰͷͰ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸͹ΒͱͰ͸ͳ ΒͰͻͼ;΁Ͱ͸Ͱͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ

͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰΒͰ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪ͵;ͼͬͳͷͽͪͫͰͶͪͷͪͼ;ͺͻͬ͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸ͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹͵ͼ;;
Ͳͪͭͻͪͯͪͷͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͳ ́Ͳͬ͹ͻͲͪͼͬͰͽͪͫͰͶͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͺͻ͹ͻͪ΂;͸ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ
7
͇ͬͰͽͰͷͰͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͪͼͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ

̸̸̸͍͇͇̻͉͍͇͋́̓̾̽́͆́͠͠͏̸̸̸͆̈́́̀̾
̽ͻ;ͭͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͫͳͶͪΒͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ͌΃Ͱͼͽͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼ;
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ͌͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͰ;΂ͪͼ͹
ͺͳͼ;̹ͪͲͪͻ
ͺ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ Ͳͪͽͳͷ;#MJDßFOJ
͆ͪΒͷͪΔͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͺ͹ͫͻ͹Β;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͫΒͪͬ
ΓͰ͸͹ΒͰ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;-FQBJTSFǀOB

͌͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹ΒͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ;ͼͬͳͷͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ Ϳ͹ͽ͹
ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪΒͰ΂ͪ͵ ͪͼͬͰͭͪ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ͸ͪ΃ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͪ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
͋ͪ͵͹͸ͺͻ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ
̹ͪͲͪͻ; ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸͹͈͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ΕͳͶͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸Ͱ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͰ ͬͳͯͳͼͰ
ͯͪ;Δͳͷͪ͸ͰͷͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ;̾lle ͼͬͰͭͪ
͌͹ͬ͹Βͭͻ;ͺͳ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪͼ͵͹
ͻ͹ ͼͬͰ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β; ͼͽͻͪ͸; ͻ͹ͫ; ͳͶͳ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ (SB[JB ¢ )BSQFST #B[BBS ¢
&MMF¢
ͯ͹͵ΒͰͫͻ͹ΒͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͼͪ͸ͪ΃ͳͷͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͷͪ;͹ͬͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͲͪ͸Ͱ
ͷͪͻΓͳͬ͹ ͷͪͶͳ ͋ͪͫͰͶͪ
̀ͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͹ͯ Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ; ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͳͷͪ ΂ͪ͵
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ͇ͯ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͫͻ͹Βͪ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ Ͳͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͽͳ
ͳͲͬ͹ͻ ΂ͪ͵ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͻ;͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳ
Βͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;#MJDßFOB
͸ͪΔͳͷͪͼ;͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ΀ͻͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ ͫͳ΁ͳ͵Ͷ ΁ͬͰΕͰ
̓͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͳ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ
ͷ͹ͯͰ͸ͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪͶͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪͼ;;͹ͬͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͺͻͰ
͵͹Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͋ͪͫͰͶͪ
ͳͯͪͼͰ͸ͪéΔͳ΀ )BSQFST#B[BBS¢ ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪ
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͯͰͽͪΓͳͷͪ (SBDJB¢ ͳ&MMF¢
͸ͪͶͪͲͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͷ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
ͯͰͽͪΓͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪΒ;ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹΂Ͱ͵ͳ
ͬͪΔͪ;ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;ͱͰ͸Ͱ͐ͪ͵ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͷͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͸͵ͰͳͲ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͸ͪΔͳͷͪ
ΒͰͲͪ͸ͰͷͪͻΓͳͬ͹ͷͪͶ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͺͻ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;(SBDJB͸ͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪ
ͿͳΒͪͷͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͸͵ͳͳͲ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪͳͲ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ tͅ͹͸ͪi ͈͊
ͪͼͬͰ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹͸ͪΔͳͷͪΒͰ
ͼͽͻͪ͸e ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ͌#MJDßFOJ ΒͰ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͷ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͫͳͶ͹ͼͬͰͭͪ΃Ͱͼͽ͹ͯͰͬ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ ͳͲ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ́ͼͽ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ ; ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͳͲ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ
ͺͻͰͯͶͪͱ;
;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͵ΔͳͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺͳͼͪ΁ͪ ͳͪ͵͹ ΒͰ Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͹ͯ ͷ͹ͯͰ ͺ͹͸;ͯͪ ͵Δͳͭͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͳͼͪ΁ͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ

͈͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͷͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒ͹ͷͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ͹͹͸ͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͺ͹ͻͰͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͳͷͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͪͳͲ
ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͱͳͬͰͬͪ͸͊ͻͫͳΒͰ Ͳͪͽͳͷͷ͹ͯ͸ͳͯͰͽͪΓͳ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;
ͬͪ͸ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͸ͺͻ 1SBEB $IBOFM (VDDJ
͈͹ͯ ͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͹͸Ͱ Ͳͪ ͵͹ΒͰ
;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͯͪ;ͽͬͻͯͳͷ͹͵͹ΒͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͸ͺͻͿ͹ͽ͹ͻͭͪͿͳΒͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ ͬ͹Εͪ ͺ͹ͬͻΕͪͳͼͶͳ΂͸͹

͆ͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪ ͼ; Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͲ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳͶͳ ͷ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͯͰͽͪΓͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ ͳͲ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ
t.POBi 14'ͪTIJPO.


͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͋ͳͺͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͷͪ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ
͌͵;ͺ͸͹ ͆Ͱ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ ̽͹ͷͪΕͪ ͊ͽͻͪ͸ͪ

͐ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ

#MJDßFOB

̹ͪͲͪͻ

-FQBJTSFǀOB

Elle

)BSQFST#B[BBS

(SB[JB

͈͹ͻͰͯͫͻ͹Βͪͳͺ͹ͻͰ͵ͶͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
͵ͪ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪ
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͇ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰ ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪΒͰͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰ
ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ ͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͌Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͷͪΒͰ͸ͪΒ
΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͲ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷ͹ͯͰ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
ͯ͹͵Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͼͽͰͷ͹ͷ͵;ͬͪΔͪ ͳͼ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ ͲͯͻͪͬΓͪ
ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͯͪͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͈ͻͰ͹ͬͶͪΌ;Β;Εͳͫͻ͹ΒͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͳͲ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷ͹ͯͰ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͬͰ͹ͷͪΒͪ͵;
ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒ; ͪͶͳ ͳ ͸ͪ ͬͪͱ͸; ͬͰͲ; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ΔͰ ͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬ ͹ͯͪͫͳͻ
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪͺ͹΃ͳΓͪ͹΁ͪͺ͹ͻ;͵Ͱͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹;ͺ;Ε;ΒͰ͸ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀;Ͷ͹ͭͪͱͰ͸Ͱ
͌Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰ ͹ͯ΂ͰͭͪΒͰ ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷ
ͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͳ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͳͷͪ ͬͰΕͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ΒͰͼͽͰ
̹ͪͲͪͻ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ͵͹Βͳͳͷͪͯ;ͺͶ͹ͷͪΔͰͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ͹ͯ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͼͪͷ͹
̺ͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ
ͯͬͰͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͰͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;
ΒͰͼ;ͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
͇ͬͪ
͵ͪͬͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͫͳͯͪͼͰͺͻͳͺͳ΃Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳͳͲͶͪͱͰΔͪ͵͹Β;̹ͪͲͪͻ ͳͷͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Βͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ͸ͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͽͻͱͳ΃ͽ;ͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ 10 ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪΔͰ
͹ͯ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ͸Ͱ ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ; ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͷ ͫͻ͹Β; ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ ͽͪͫͰͶͪ
͋ͻͰͫͪ
͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͯͪͼ;;͹ͬͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͺͻͰ͵͹΁ͰͶͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͵;͸ͪ΃ͳͷ΂ͪͼ͹
ͺͳͼͳͷͪͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;ͷͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ11
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̹ͪͲͪͻ ΒͰͺͻͬͳͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͼͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳͲͶͪͱͰΔͪͯ;ͱ͹ͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

11
̺ͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͪͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͳͯͪͬͪΔͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ ͬͪͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ ́ͪ͵͹ ͹ͬͯͰ ͸ͳΒͰ ͻͪΌͰ͸ͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹ΒͳͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ; ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͬͰͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͺͻͳͷͰͻ͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;)BSQFST
#B[BBSΒͰͯ͸ͪͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͽͻͳͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͯͰͬͰͽͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͪΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹͸ͪͯͬͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͪ΂ͪ͵ͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰ
͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͰͶ͹Βͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ

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͌͵;ͺ͸͹ ̽͹ͷͪΕͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͊ͽͻͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ

͐ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ

#MJDßFOB

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21

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(SB[JB

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ͯ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃; ͵ͪ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸Ͱ͌͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͽ͹ͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ
ͷ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ ͺͪͻͿͰͷͳ ͵͹ͲͷͰͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ; ͬͳ΃Ͱͷ ΁Ͱ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͻͪ͸ͭ;
͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳͽͳͯͪΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͪͻͪͯ͸͹ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͱͰ͸ͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͼͬͪ͵ͪͺͰͽͪͯ;ͭ͹ͻ͹΂͸͹͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͪ ͉̀͊
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͉Ͱ͵ͶͪͷͳͻͪΔͰͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀
ͫͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͪͱͰ͸ͪͷͪ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΕ;ͬͳͼ͹͵ͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͪ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪΔͪ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭ
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́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪ;ͷ;ͯͪΒͰΒͰͲͳ͵͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸͹͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͰͼͬͪ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ 12 Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͭͪͽͻͰͫͪ
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪͽͳ;ͽͻͪͱͰΔ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔ͇ͪͯ͸͹ͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹–Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͹ͭͶͰͯͪ
ͼͰͳ;;ͺͶͳͬ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳ;͸Ͱ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵̓ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;
ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͳ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳͳͿͻͪͲͪ͊ͬͳ΀΃Ͱͼͽ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ΃ͽͪͷͺͪ
͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪͺͰͽͶͪͽͳ͸ͳ΂͸ͳͷͺͳͼͷ͹ͷͳͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ t͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ͸i̹ͪͲͪͻ ͸ͪ
ΕͳͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͷͺͳͼͷ;͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪͫͻ͹ΒͪΔͪ ͫͳͶͪΒͰͻͰ΂ͳͶͳͿͻͪͲͪ ͸ͺͻt1BTUFMJTOFXCMBDLi t8FNBLF
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̸͵͹ͼͰͺ͹ͯͼͰͽͳͷ͹ͯͪͼ;͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͳͬ͸ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͪ ͻ͹ͫ͸͹͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ
ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ;͵͹Β;ͺ͹ͻͰͯΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͼͺͪͯͪΒ;ͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ
΂͵ͳ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͳ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͻͰΕͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͸ͪΒͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸ͳΒͳ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ ;ͼͶͰͯ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͌ͺͶͳͬͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ΀
ͻͰ΂ͳΒ͹΃ΒͰͬͰΕͳ;ͼͶͰͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ
ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͼͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽ;ΒͰ ͫͪ΃ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Γ; ͷ͹ͯͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸Ͱ
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ͺ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳͳͿͻͪͲͪ ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͪ– ͹ͼͪͷ ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ–
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ͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͻͰ΂ͳͳͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͬͰͿͻͪͲͰ̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪΒͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳͳͿͻͪͲͪ
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ͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͌ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ; ͹ͬͳͷ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͼͰ ͹ͯ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭ ͫͻ͹Βͪ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀
ͻͰ΂ͳ ͳ ͿͻͪͲͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ; ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͯ͹͵ ͼͰ ; ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͌
ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪͷͪ ; Ͷͳ΁Ͱ͸΁ͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ ͼͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰ΂ͳ ͳ ͿͻͪͲͪ ; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ͸ͪ
;͵;ͺͪ͸ͫͻ͹Β;ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪͷͪ
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ͱͰ͸; ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ Βͪ͵ ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͳ ͫͻ͹Β ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͷͪ ;΂ͰͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͽͰͷͪ ͳ Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ
ͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ
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ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ΃ͰͱͰ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͫͪͲͳͻͪ͸͸ͪͼͰ͵ͼ;ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͽͰͷͰ
Ϳ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰͳͻͰ͵ͶͪͷͰ– ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͪͽΒͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͯͳ ͵͹ͲͷͰͽͳ΁ͳ ͺͻͰͼͶͳ͵ͪͬͪΔ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭͼͽͳͶͪͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ
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ΕͰ͸͹ΒͱͰ͸ͼ͵͹Β;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ– ;Ͷ͹Ͳͳͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΁Ͱ ͹΂Ͱͷ;ͼͬͰͯ͹΂Ͱͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳͳͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ͹͵;ͬͪΔ;
ͳ΀ͻͪ͸ͳ
ͅͰͯͳΒͳ ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͵ͪ͸ͪͶͪͺ;ͽͰͷ͵͹Βͳ΀tͺͻ͹ͶͪͲͳi;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͬͰͶͳ͵;
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ͷͰͯͳΒͳͷͪΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͰ ͳͺͪ͵ ͼͶͳ͵ͪͱͰ͸Ͱͼͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ;͵͹Β͹Βͼ;ͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁ͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔͪ
13
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nourriture sBJOFHSÄDFÆVOFBHSJDVMUVSFSFTQFDUVFVTFEFMFOWJSPOOFNFOUFUEFTDJSDVJUTEFEJTUSJCVUJPO
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RVBMJUÊJTTVFEJSFDUFNFOUEVUFSSPJS
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B -FNQJSFFVSPQÊJTUFVOFNBDIJOFÆCSPZFSMFT&UBUT
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EFT CJFOT EFT IPNNFT FU EFT NBSDIBOEJTFT USBJUÊ EF .BBTUSJDIU
TFTU USBOTGPSNÊ FO WÊSJUBCMF
DBVDIFNBSQPVSCPOOPNCSFEF'SBOÉBJT-FTBDDPSETEF4DIFOHFO TJHOÊTBVNJMJFVEFTBOOÊFT
EBOTVODPOUFYUFEFWJDUPJSFEVMJCÊSBMJTNFTVSMFNPOEFDPNNVOJTUF BWBJFOUÊUÊCÄUJTEBOTVOFTQSJU
EPVWFSUVSFFOÊDIBOHFEFDPOUSÔMFTQMVTGFSNFTBVYQPSUFTEFM6& JMTQFSNFUUBJFOUEFGBDJMJUFSMBMJCSF
DJSDVMBUJPOEFTJOEJWJEVT EBOTVOFNPOEJBMJTBUJPOIFVSFVTF

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EFVYQFUJUFTÏMFTFTQBHOPMFTBVMBSHFEV.BSPD MBQPSUFEFOUSÊFEFM6&FTUWJUFEFWFOVFVOSFNQBSU
RVF MFT DBOEJEBUT Æ MÊNJHSBUJPO GSBODIJTTBJFOU QBSGPJT BV QÊSJM EF MFVS WJF 1BSGPJT NËNF MFT QBZT
MJNJUSPQIFT GBJTBJFOU EV [ÍMF QSPFVSPQÊJTUF PO TF TPVWJFOU FODPSF EF MBCBOEPO EF EJ[BJOFT
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USPVWBJUGBDFÆ MBDPOUSBEJDUJPO EF4DIFOHFOQPVSM*UBMJF 4DIFOHFOTJHOJGJBJURVFEÍTRVJMTBWBJFOU
QPTÊMFQJFETVSMFTPMFVSPQÊFO -BNQFEVTB
DFTQBVWSFT"GSJDBJOTQPVWBJFOUDJSDVMFSMJCSFNFOU QBS
UPVU UZQF EF USBOTQPSU EBOT UPVU MFTQBDF 4DIFOHFO .BJT QPVS 4BSLP[Z BQQVZÊ QBS TB NBKPSJUÊ EF
MÊQPRVF 4DIFOHFO OJOUFSEJTBJU QBT BV OPN EF MB TPVWFSBJOFUÊ OBUJPOBMF MBSSËU QBS MB QPMJDF FU MB
HFOEBSNFSJFEFDFTDBOEJEBUTÆMBSSJWÊFFO'SBODF
"VOPSEEVQBZT EFQVJTQMVTEFRVJO[FBOT MBGGMVYEFSÊGVHJÊTEÊTJSBOUTFSFOESFBV3PZBVNF
Uni nFGBJURVFTBNQMJGJFS"UUJSÊTQBSMFIBVUOJWFBVEFQSPUFDUJPOTPDJBMFPVUSFNBODIF EFTEJ[BJOFT
EFNJMMJFSTE"GHIBOT ,VSEFTPV5VSDTDPOWFSHFOUEFQVJTMFEÊCVUEFTBOOÊFTWFSTMFYUSÊNJUÊ
OPSEFTUEFMB'SBODF FTQÊSBOUGSBODIJSMB.BODIF-VUJMJTBUJPOEFUPVTMFTNPZFOTQPTTJCMFTUSBJO
DBNJPO WPJUVSF QBSGPJTBVQÊSJMEFMFVSWJF BNÍOFVOFTJUVBUJPODBUBTUSPQIJRVFBVOJWFBVEFTESPJUT
EFMIPNNF POOFDPNQUFQBTMFOPNCSFEFNPSUTDPOHFMÊTEBOTEFTDBNJPOTGSJHPSJGJRVFT
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GSBOÉBJTB WPVMVSÊHMFSDFUBCDÍT FOGJYBOUMFTDBOEJEBUTBVQBTTBHFEBOTEFTDBNQTEFUSBOTJU"QSÍTMB
WJMMF EF 4ZOUIF DFMB B ÊUÊ MF DBT EFSOJÍSFNFOU DFMVJ EF $BMBJT .BJT MB TJUVBUJPO OB GBJU RVFNQJSFS
1PVTTÊTQBSMFGGFUBTQJSBOU EF DBNQTPÜ HÏUF OPVSSJUVSFFUTBOUÊ MFVS ÊUBJUBTTVSÊTQBSM&UBUBQQVZÊ
EPSHBOJTBUJPOT IVNBOJUBJSFT USÍT FOKPVÊFT $BMBJT FTU WJUF EFWFOV MB j 1FUJUF +VOHMF v VOF WJMMF
DMBOEFTUJOFBVYBCPSETEFMBWJMMFMÊHBMF/VJTBODFTFUBMUFSDBUJPOTBWFDMFWPJTJOBHFTFTVDDÍEFOUEFQVJT
EFTBOOÊFTFOBWSJM DFMBFTUNËNFBMMÊKVTRVÆDSÊFSEFTCBUBJMMFTSBOHÊFTFOUSF"GHIBOTFU,VSEFT
BVTFJONËNFEVDBNQ
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DPOTÊDVUJWF ÆMB1PSUFEF-B$IBQFMMF QMVTEFUSPJTNJMMFNJHSBOUTPOUEPSNJEBOTMBSVFÆMÊUÊ
BUUFOEBOU MFVSQMBDFNFOU FODFOUSF EBDDVFJM $"%"
&OTFQUFNCSF JM B GBMMVRVF EFT DBT EF
TDPSCVUFUEFSPVHFPMFSÊBQQBSBJTTFOUQPVSRVFMFTBVUPSJUÊTEÊDJEFOUEFMFTEÊMPHFSEFMFTQBDFQVCMJD
SVF TRVBSFT
1FOEBOUUSPJTNPJT VOWÊSJUBCMFCJEPOWJMMFTÊUBMBJUBVTTJMFMPOHEFMBVUPSPVUF"Æ la
TPSUJFEF1BSJTWFST1POUPJTFPOSFWJWBJUEFTTDÍOFTRVFMPODSPZBJUBWPJSEJTQBSVFTEBOTMFTBOOÊFT
1950.

26OFTPDJÊUÊFOQFSUFEFSFQÍSFTÆDBVTFEFMPCCJFTBDUJGT
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JEÊPMPHJRVFTUSÍTFOWPHVFÆ#SVYFMMFT TPVUFOVTQBSEFGPSUTMPCCJFTRVJWFVMFOUDPÚUFRVFDPÚUFNFUUSF
MFTNJOPSJUÊTBVYEFWBOUTEFMBTDÍOF QBSGPJTBVSJTRVFEFOPVCMJFSMBNBKPSJUÊ DPFVSEFMBEÊNPDSBUJF
6O GPSU NPVWFNFOU ESPJUTEFMIPNNJTUF QSPNV QBS MFT JOTUBODFT FVSPQÊFOOFT B BNFOÊ MB
TPDJÊUÊGSBOÉBJTFÆTFGSBDUJPOOFSFODPNNVOBVUÊT DIBDVOFFTTBZBOUEFQSÊTFSWFS EFTESPJUTBDRVJT
%BOTMBESPJUFMJHOFEVNPVWFNFOUEFNBJ MFTQSJUMJCFSUBJSFFUQSPHSFTTJTUFEFMBWBODÊFEFTESPJUT
EFMBGFNNFBGBJUÊNFSHFSTVSMFEFWBOUEFMBTDÍOFTPDJBMFMFMPCCZIPNPTFYVFM"USBWFSTEFTSBEJPT
EFT NBOJGFTUBUJPOT FU MBTTPDJBUJPO -'(5# MF NPVWFNFOU HBZ FU MFTCJFO B NFOÊ EFT CBUBJMMFT
JNQPSUBOUFTEÍTMFTBOOÊFT SFDPOOBJTTBODFEFTESPJUTEFTIPNPTFYVFMT MVUUFDPOUSFMFTJEB
6OF
HSBOEFQBSUJFEFDFTBTTPDJBUJPOTTFCBUUBJFOUQPVSEFTESPJUTKVTUJGJÊTEBOTVOFTPDJÊUÊEÊNPDSBUJRVF
NBJTEBOTVOFTQSJUEFMJCFSUÊJOEJWJEVFMMF
0SBVEÊCVUEFTBOOÊFT DFDPNCBUMJCFSUBJSFTFTUEÊQMBDÊTVSMFUFSSBJOTPDJÊUBM TPVUFOVQBS
VOFQBSUJFEVDBNQQSPHSFTTJTUFFO'SBODF$FMBEÊCPVDIFTVSMBMPJTVSMFj.BSJBHFQPVSUPVTvFO
RVF 'SBOÉPJT )PMMBOEF B EÊTJSÊ BSEFNNFOU .BJT QPVS TBUJTGBJSF ÊMFDUPSBMFNFOU VOF VMUSB
NJOPSJUÊEFDJUPZFOT IPNPTFYVFMT
MF1SÊTJEFOUBSÊVTTJÆTF NFUUSF ÆEPTEFT NJMMJPOTEF
'SBOÉBJT&OUSFFU USPJTNBOJGFTUBUJPOTPOUSÊVOJKVTRVÆNJMMJPOEFQFSTPOOFTEBOTMFTSVFT
EF1BSJTBVOPNEVjDPNCBUDPOUSFMBNBSDIBOEJTBUJPOEFTFOGBOUTv FUEjVOFOGBOUBESPJUÆVOQÍSF
FUVOFNÍSFv
&O GBJTBOU DFMB )PMMBOEF B KFUÊ MF QBZT BV CPSE EF MB HVFSSF DJWJMF MF j QBZT SÊFM » se trouve
EÊTPSNBJTBVCPSEEFMJNQMPTJPO$BSFOWPVMBOUBDDPSEFSDFTESPJUTRVVOFQBSUJFEFTIPNPTFYVFMT
au nom EF MB MJCFSUÊ JOEJWJEVFMMF OF EFNBOEBJU QBT MF QSÊTJEFOU B GBWPSJTÊ MÊNFSHFODF EVO GPSU
NPVWFNFOUDBUIPMJRVFRVJÊUBJUKVTRVJDJNPSJCPOE%FTWFJMMÊFTOPDUVSOFTEBOTCFBVDPVQEFWJMMFTEF
'SBODF POU QFSNJT BV NPOEF DBUIPMJRVF EF TF TPVEFS FU EBQQBSBÏUSF BVY EFWBOUT EF MB TDÍOF 1BS
BJMMFVST DF NPVWFNFOU TPDJÊUBM FO SÊQPOTF BVY NBOPFVWSFT QPMJUJDJFOOFT EV 1SÊTJEFOU )PMMBOEF B
EÊCPVDIÊTVSVONPVWFNFOUQPMJUJRVFj4FOTDPNNVOvFTUEÊTPSNBJTJODPOUPVSOBCMFEBOTMBTQIÍSF
DPOTFSWBUSJDF TJ CJFO RVF UPVU EJSJHFBOU QPMJUJRVF WPVMBOU NFOFS MF HSBOE QBSUJ EF ESPJUF j -FT
3ÊQVCMJDBJOT v FTU PCMJHÊ EF UFOJS DPNQUF EFT EFNBOEFT EF j4FOT $PNNVOv 'JMMPO QFOTBOU MB
DBNQBHOFEFTQSÊTJEFOUJFMMFTEF 8BVRVJF[QPVSMBCBUBJMMFEVMFBEFSTIJQEFT3ÊQVCMJDBJOT

C*NNJHSBUJPONBTTJWFFUjDSJTFEFTNJHSBOUT»
1 6OFIJTUPJSFSÊDFOUFFUVONPEÍMFDIBOHFBOU
4FMPOEFTEPOOÊFTEFM*/4&&EBUBOUEF JMZBVSBJUFO'SBODF TVSNJMMJPOTEF'SBOÉBJT
NVTVMNBOT TPJU EFMBQPQVMBUJPO
JNNJHSÊT TPJU EFMBQPQVMBUJPO
FU
ÊUSBOHFST TPJU EFMBQPQVMBUJPO
0OBVSBJUEPOD EBMMPHÍOFT

-FT JNNJHSÊT JTTVT E"GSJRVF RVJ OÊUBJFOU RVF EF DFUUF QPQVMBUJPO FO GPSNFOU
NBJOUFOBOU MB NBKPSJUÊ EF MB QPQVMBUJPO JNNJHSÊF FO 'SBODF BWFD -FT &VSPQÊFOT QFOEBOU
MPOHUFNQT USÍT NBKPSJUBJSFT EBOT MJNNJHSBUJPO JMT SFQSÊTFOUBJFOU FODPSF MB NPJUJÊ EF UPVT MFT
JNNJHSBOUTFO
TPOUEÊTPSNBJTQBTTÊBVTFDPOESBOH BWFD&OGJOMFT"TJBUJRVFT MPOHUFNQT
EBOT VOF QSPQPSUJPO USÍT NJOFVSF FODPSF FO
WPJFOU MFVS QSPQPSUJPO SBQJEFNFOU TF
EÊWFMPQQFS BWFD FO (VFMBNJOF Q

(JMMFT,FQFMFTUVOEFTQSFNJFSTÆBWPJSBCPSEÊMBRVFTUJPOEFMBNPOUÊFEFMJTMBNJTNFFO'SBODF
*MTFCBTFTVSEFOPNCSFVTFTFORVËUFTEFUFSSBJOBQQSPGPOEJFT QVCMJÊFTEBOTQMVTJFVSTPVWSBHFTUSÍT
GJBCMFT%BOTj5FSSFVSEBOTM)FYBHPOF (FOÍTFEV%KJIBEGSBOÉBJTv (BMMJNBSE
JMFYQMJRVFUSÍT
CJFORVBWBOUMBSBEJDBMJTBUJPOEFOPNCSFVYKFVOFTNVTVMNBOTGSBOÉBJT DFTUMFWPUFjNVTVMNBOvRVJ
BÊWPMVÊWFSTVOFDSJTQBUJPOJEFOUJUBJSF%BQSÍTVOFÊUVEFEFUFSSBJOEFFO4FJOF4BJOU%FOJT VO
EFTEÊQBSUFNFOUTMFTQMVTDPTNPQPMJUFTEVUFSSJUPJSFGSBOÉBJT ,FQFMFYQMJRVFRVFMBGPSUFNPCJMJTBUJPO
BVYÊMFDUJPOTEF EFQMVTRVFMFWPUFQSÊDÊEFOU
BWFDEFTQPJOUFTÆQMVT -B$PVSOFVWF

TFYQMJRVFQBSMFTQSËDIFTEFTJNBNTFMMFBCPVUJU ÆVOFEFNBOEFQMVTFOQMVTGPSUFEFMJNQPSUBOUF
NJOPSJUÊNVTVMNBOFQPVSVOQBSUJEJUjNVTVMNBOv ,FQFM Q–

2 3PVUFEFT#BMLBOTVOBCSFVWPJSÆUFSSPSJTUFT
-FT BUUFOUBUT RVJ POU EVSFNFOU UPVDIÊ MB 'SBODF EFQVJT TPOU FO QBSUJF MJÊT Æ MBDUJWJTNF
EKJIBEJTUF WFOV EV .PZFO 0SJFOU NBJT BVTTJ Æ MBSSJWÊF NBTTJWF EJNNJHSBOUT JMMÊHBVY EFQVJT MFT
Balkans.
- 4UBEFEF'SBODF
%FQVJTMFNPJTEFNBST POTBJURVFMFDPNNBOEPRVJBUFOUÊEFQSPWPRVFSVOBUUFOUBUBV
TUBEFEF'SBODFMFOPWFNCSFÊUBJUGPSNÊEFEKJIBEJTUFTJTTVTEFQBZTÊUSBOHFSTFURVJPOUUPVT
FNQSVOUÊ MB SPVUF EFT #BMLBOT "INBE "M.PIBNNBE 4ZSJFO EF BOT FTU MF QSFNJFS Æ BWPJS
EÊDMFODIÊTBDFJOUVSFEFYQMPTJGTEFWBOUMF4UBEFEF'SBODF-FUFSSPSJTUFFTUj BSSJWÊFO &VSPQFQBSMB
(SÍDF TFNËMBOUÆVOHSPVQFEFNJHSBOUTEÊCBSRVÊTFOCBUFBVTVSMhÏMFEF-FSPT*MBFOTVJUFQSJTMB
SPVUFEFT#BMLBOTBVNJMJFVEFTSÊGVHJÊT USBWFSTBOUMB4FSCJFFUMB.BDÊEPJOFv 5SBWJPU

&OBUUFOUFEFDPNQBSVUJPOEFWBOUMBKVTUJDFGSBOÉBJTFBVYDÔUÊTEF4BMBI"CEFTMBNFU.PIBMNFE
"CSJOJ EFVY EKJIBEJTUFT POU ÊUÊ BSSËUÊT FO "VUSJDIF FO EÊDFNCSF FU USBOTGÊSÊT WFST MB 'SBODF
EVSBOUMFNPJTEFKVJMMFU
-F QBSDPVST EF DFT EFVY UFSSPSJTUFT FTU TBJTJTTBOU -"MHÊSJFO "EFM )BEEBEJ FU MF 1BLJTUBOBJT
.VIBNBE6TNBOPOUÊUÊSFDSVUÊTÆ3BRRB FO4ZSJF QBSM&UBU*TMBNJRVF j FONËNFUFNQTRVFMFT
EFVYGSÍSFTJSBLJFOTRVJTFTPOUGBJUFYQMPTFSBVYBCPSETEV4UBEFEF'SBODF v&O4ZSJF JMTBQQSFOOFOU
EBOT VO DBNQ EFOUSBJOFNFOU EF M&* Æ NBOJFS MFT BSNFT FU TPOU NJTTJPOOÊT QBS VO DFSUBJO "CV
"INBE QPVSSFKPJOESF1BSJTBVYDÔUÊTEFTEFVYLBNJLB[FTJSBLJFOTj FOTFHMJTTBOUQBSNJMFGMVYEF

SÊGVHJÊTTZSJFOT v"CV"INBEMFVSGPVSOJUBSHFOU GBVYQBTTFQPSUTFUTVSUPVUUÊMÊQIPOFTQPSUBCMFT BWFD
MFNËNFOVNÊSPRVFDFMVJRVJBÊUÊSFUSPVWÊTVSVOCPVUEFQBQJFSÆRVFMRVFTDFOUJNÍUSFTEVOEFT
EFVYDBEBWSFTEFLBNJLB[F"CV"INBETFNCMFEPODËUSFVOEFTPSHBOJTBUFVSTEFTBUUFOUBUTEFQBST
EV OPWFNCSF UPVU DPNNF MVO EFT DPNNBOEJUBJSFT EF MB DFMMVMF EF 7FSWJFST EÊNBOUFMÊF
BWBOUEFQPVWPJSSÊBMJTFSVOBUUFOUBUFO#FMHJRVF
%F3BRRB OPTRVBUSFDPNQÍSFTQBTTFOUMBGSPOUJÍSFUVSRVFÆQJFET QVJTTPOUSÊDVQÊSÊTQBSVO
BHFOUEFM&*"*[NJS "EFM)BEEBEJBDIÍUFEVQFUJUNBUÊSJFMEF WPZBHFHSÄDFÆMBSHFOURVFMVJEPOOF
VOEFTEFVYLBNJLB[FTEF4BJOU%FOJTQVJTBVTPJSUPVTMFTRVBUSFSÍHMFOUMFQBTTBHFDMBOEFTUJOWFSTMB
(SÍDFHSÄDFÆMBSHFOUGPVSOJQBS"CV"INBE-FDPNNBOEPQSFOEMFCBUFBVBVQFUJUNBUJO JOGJMUSÊ
EBOT VO HSPVQF EVOF DJORVBOUBJOF EF DMBOEFTUJOT NBJT Æ MBSSJWÊF FO -FSPT )BEEBEJ FU 6TNBO
QPSUFVST EF GBVY QBTTFQPSUT TPOU BSSËUÊT FU FNQSJTPOOÊT BMPST RVF MFT EFVY GVUVST LBNJLB[FT
QPVSTVJWFOU MFVS SPVUF KVTRVÆ 1BSJT QPVS DPNNFUUSF MFVS NÊGBJU &O EÊUFOUJPO JMs signalent par
UÊMÊQIPOFÆ"CV"INBEMFDIBOHFNFOUEFTJUVBUJPONBJTDFEFSOJFSGBJU QBSMFOUSFNJTFEF8FTUFSO
6OJPOFOWPJEBSHFOU FVSPT
BGJORVJMTj QPVSTVJWFOUMFVSWPZBHFFO'SBODF v1VJTJMTTPOUMJCÊSÊT
FUUSBWFSTFOU MFT#BMLBOT UPVKPVSTJOTÊSÊTEBOTVOHSPVQFEFNJHSBOUT FUBUUFJHOFOUM"VUSJDIFMF
OPWFNCSF PÜ JMT EFNBOEFOU MBTJMF JMT TPOU BSSËUÊT EBOT V DBNQ EF SÊGVHJÊT EF 4BM[CPVSH MF
EÊDFNCSF.BJTDFRVJNPOUSFMFVSEÊUFSNJOBUJPOÆQPVSTVJWSFMPFVWSFJOBDIFWÊFEFTEFVYLBNJkazes
JSBLJFOTEVTUBEFEF'SBODF )BEEBEJFU6TNBOBWBJFOUFOEÊDFNCSFDIFSDIÊEFTCJMMFUTEFUSBJOEF
7JFOOF QPVS QBSJT -FT FORVËUFVST FO DPODMVFOU RVF j MFVS NJTTJPO ÊUBJU UPVKPVST BDUJWF BQSÍT MFT
BUUFOUBUTEVOPWFNCSF v 4FFMPX

- Bataclan
0NBS .PTUFGBÐ 4BNJ "NJNPVS 'PVFE .PIBNNFE "HHBE MFT USPJT BTTBJMMBOUT EV #BUBDMBO
GJHVSFOUTVSMFTMJTUFTEFTDPNCBUUBOUTEVHSPVQF&UBUJTMBNJRVF &*
RVFTFTPOUQSPDVSÊTMFRVPUJEJFO
BMMFNBOE 4ÛEEFVUTDIF ;FJUVOH FU MFT DIBÏOFT EF UÊMÊWJTJPO QVCMJRVFT /%3 FU 8%3 -FT
EPDVNFOUTBUUSJCVÊTBVHSPVQFUFSSPSJTUFDPOTVMUÊTQBSMFTKPVSOBMJTUFTBMMFNBOETPOUSFMFWÊBVUPUBMMB
QSÊTFODFEFKJIBEJTUFTGSBOÉBJT-BQMVQBSUGBJUQBSUJFEVOTFVMFUNËNFHSPVQFFOUSÊFO4ZSJF BWFD
VOQBTTFVS MFEÊDFNCSF SBQQPSUFMBDIBÏOFEFSBEJPQVCMJRVFj 'SBODF*OGP v +VMZ

- Nice
.PIBNFE -BIPVBJFK #PVIMFM DF UVOJTJFO EF BOT RVJ B PSHBOJTÊ MB UVFSJF FO DBNJPO EF
'SBOÉBJTÆ/JDFFTUMFYFNQMFNËNFEVMJFOFOUSFMBDSJTFNJHSBUPJSFEBOTMFT#BMLans et la succession
EBUUFOUBUTFO&VSPQFEFMPVFTU-FQSPDVSFVS'SBOÉPJT.PMJOTBGGJSNBJUMFMFOEFNBJOEFMBUUFOUBUEF
/JDFRVF#PVIMFMj TFNCMFBWPJSÊUÊFOWJTBHÊFUNÚSJQMVTJFVSTNPJTBWBOUTPOQBTTBHFÆMBDUF v1BSNJ
MFTUSPJTDPNQMJDFTSÊQFSUPSJÊTÆDFKPVSEF.PIBNFE#PVIMFMGJHVSF$IPLSJ$ VOBVUSFUVOJTJFORVJB
WÊDVFUUSBWBJMMÊFO*UBMJFEFÆ0SJMTFSBJUSFWFOVFO*UBMJFQFVBWBOUMBUUFOUBUEVKVJMMFU
BJOTJ DFUUFMPDBMJTBUJPOÆ#BSJ EBOTMFTQPVJMMFT FONFS"ESJBUJRVF MBJTTFQFOTFSRVFEFTÊDIBOHFTBWFD

MB(SÍDFRVJTFUSPVWFFOGBDFTPOUOPNCSFVYQPVSDFTUFSSPSJTUFTEBVUSFQBSU $IPLSJ$BNBJOUFOV
FO'SBODFDPNNFFO*UBMJFEFTDPOUBDUTBWFDEFT"MCBOBJT
&O TFDPOE MJFV 3BN[J " VO 'SBODPUVOJTJFO EF BOT DPOEBNOÊ EÊKÆ GPJT QPVS BDUFT
EÊMJDUVFVY j BVSBJU TFSWJ EJOUFSNÊEJBJSF QPVS GPVSOJS MF QJTUPMFU EF DBMJCSF Æ #PVIMFM 0S TPO
GPVSOJTTFVS RVJDBDIBJUEBOTVOFDBWFÆ/JDFEFTLBMBDIOJLPWTFUEFTNVOJUJPOT FTUVOBVUSF"MCBOBJT
EÊOPNNÊ"SUBO)%ÊUBJMRVJGBJUGSPJEEBOTMFEPT #PVIMFMFOWPJFÆ3BN[JVO4.4ÆI KVTUF
BQSÍTMBUUFOUBU MFj GÊMJDJUBOUQPVSTPOj pistolet vFUÊWPRVBOUj DJOR » autres armes : tout un arsenal
MBJTTÊQBSMBMCBOBJT"SUBO)FTUFODPSFFOUSFMFTNBJOTEFTUFSSPSJTUes %FNFZ

III&.*&55&.&/5 5&333*503*"- &5 3&.*4&4 &/ $"64& %& -6/*5"3*4.&
3&16#-*$"*/

A6ONPEÍMFKBDPCJOjTBQÊvEBOTTFTTPVCBTTFNFOUT
-FjGSBOHMBJT»MBOHVFEFTÊMJUFTQPMJUJRVFTFUNÊEJBUJRVFT
-PSTEVOFÊNJTTJPOTVS3BEJP$BOBEB ÆVOFIFVSFEFHSBOEFÊDPVUF MBDUSJDF"SJFMMF%PNCBTMF
ÊQPVTFEFMJOUFMMFDUVFM#FSOBSE)FOSZ-ÊWZ BWBJUÊUÊÊQJOHMÊFQBSVOQSÊTFOUBUFVSRVÊCÊDPJTTVS3BEJP
$BOBEB"MBGGJSNBUJPORVFMMFBWBJUGBJUEVjUJDLFUJOHvÆMBÊSPQPSU MF2VÊCÊDPJTMVJSÊQPOEJURVFO
CPOGSBOÉBJTPOBQQFMBJUDFMBSÊTFSWFSPVFOSFHJTUSFS-VJEÊGFOEBJUMBMBOHVFGSBOÉBJTFRVJ FOWFSUVEFMB
MPJBV2VÊCFD EPJUTFUSPVWFSVOTZOPOZNFFOGSBOÉBJTQPVSUPVUNPUBOHMBJT FMMF GFNNFEVO
JOUFMMFDUVFMGFSWFOUEÊGFOTFVSEFMBHMPCBMJTBUJPODVMUVSFMMF TBDIBSOBJUEBOTMFSFOJFNFOUEFTBMBOHVF
maternelle.
-FTÊMJUFTQPMJUJRVFTFUÊDPOPNJRVFTGSBOÉBJTFTPOUUFMMFNFOUJOUÊHSÊVOFTVQQPTÊFJOGÊSJPSJUÊEV
GSBOÉBJTQBSSBQQPSUÆMBOHMBJTRVFDFMBBCPVUJUÆEFTTJUVBUJPOT TJMFTVKFU OÊUBJUQBTTJESBNBUJRVF
QSËUFSBJFOUÆSJSF#POOPNCSFEFQSÊTFOUBUFVSTEFMBUÊMÊWJTJPOGSBOÉBJTF QVCMJRVFPVQSJWÊF VUJMJTFOU
EFQVJTCFMMFMVSFUUFVOGSBOHMBJTDPNQMÍUFNFOUJOTJQJEF PÜMFTNPUTFUFYQSFTTJPOTBOHMBJTFTOFWFVMFOU
QMVT SJFO EJSF $F QIJMPBNÊSJDBOJTNF TFYQMJRVF QBS DF RVF (ÊSBSE 8JME B BQQFMÊ MB jUSBIJTPO EFT
ÊMJUFTv PO OF DPNQUF QMVT MFT MFBEFST GSBOÉBJT QPTTÊEBOU Æ /FX :PSL PV Æ .JBNJ VO GMBU ou une
NBJTPO*MTTPOUTPVWFOUFOUSF1BSJTFU/FX:PSLQPVSWPJSMFVSQSPHÊOJUVSFTVJWSFEFTDPVSTEBOTUFM
DPMMFHFou VOJWFSTJUZ.
0SDFMBEÊUFJOUTVSUPVUFMBTPDJÊUÊNFEJB VOJWFSTJUÊ FOUSFQSJTF
-PSTEFTEFSOJFST$IBNQJPOOBUTEVNPOEFEFIPDLFZTFEÊSPVMBOUÆ1BSJT MBMBOHVFVUJMJTÊFÊUBJU
MBOHMBJT BMPST RVF MB MBOHVF PGGJDJFMMF EV TQPSU FTU MF GSBOÉBJT -PSTRVF )JEBMHP NBJSF EF 1BSJT B
PSHBOJTÊFOKVJMMFUEFHSBOEFTNBOJGFTUBUJPOTQPSUJWFTMFMPOHEFMB4FJOFQPVSMBDBOEJEBUVSFFO
GBWFVSEFT+FVY0MZNQJRVFTEF MFTMPHBOÊUBJUj (PUP1BSJTv BMPSTRVFMBMBOHVFPGGJDJFMMFEFT+FVY
PMZNQJRVFT FTU MF GSBOÉBJT " MVOJWFSTJUÊ %FTDBSUFT FO QMFJO DPFVS EF 1BSJT MFT ÊDIBOHFT QVJT MFT
QVCMJDBUJPOTTFGBJTBJFOUFOBOHMBJTMPSTEVODPMMPRVFEFNÊEFDJOF

0S MB 'SBODPQIPOJF FTU WJWBOUF 'PSUF EF QMVT EF NJMMJPOT EF MPDVUFVST FMMF FTU MB TFDPOEF
MBOHVFBQQSJTFEBOTMFNPOEF HSÄDFBVQMVTHSBOESÊTFBVEFMZDÊFTFUEBMMJBODFTBVNPOEF-BOHVFEF
MBEJQMPNBUJF EVTQPSUFUEFMBDVMUVSF MF'SBOÉBJTFTUIPOPSÊTVSMFTDJORDPOUJOFOUT%BOTMFT#BMLBOT
les consignes à la QPTUF EBOTMFTUSBJOTPVMFTNBHBTJOTFTUFODPSFTPVWFOUEBOTMBMBOHVFEF.PMJÍSF
.BJTDFMBTFNCMFBWPJSÊUÊTDJFNNFOUPVCMJÊEFOPTUËUFTQFOTBOUFT QBSQIJMPBNÊSJDBOJTNFFUQBS
QFSUFEJEFOUJUÊ
2-FjNJMMFGFVJMMFvBENJOJTUSBUJGFUÊNJFUUFNFOUUFSSJUPSJBMVOFBSNFDPOUSFMBOBUJPO
-F NPEÍMF KBDPCJO GSBOÉBJT FTU ÊHBMFNFOU NFOBDÊ QBS MF NPSDFMMFNFOU QSPHSFTTJG EV UFSSJUPJSF
GSBOÉBJT EFQVJTNBJOUFOBOUQSFTRVFRVBSBOUFBOT
"GJOEFEÊDFOUSBMJTFSMFTBDUJWJUÊTÊDPOPNJRVFTFUMFTDFOUSFTEFEÊDJTJPO M&UBUDFOUSBMBWBJUEBOT
MFTBOOÊFTQSPDÊEÊÆMBDSÊBUJPOEFTWJMMFTOPVWFMMFTFUEFTNÊUSPQPMFTEÊRVJMJCSF-FTDJORWJMMFT
OPVWFMMFTRVJTPOUOÊFTEBOTVOSBZPOEFLJMPNÍUSFTBVUPVSEF1BSJTBWBJFOUQPVSNJTTJPOEFDBQUFS
MFTDSÊBUJPOTEFNQMPJFUMFTDBOEJEBUTBVMPHFNFOU EBOTVODPOUFYUFEFGPSUF DSPJTTBODF FUEFYPEF
SVSBM 1SFTRVF DJORVBOUF BOT QMVT UBSE MF CJMBO FTU NJUJHÊ TJ Æ $FSHZ1POUPJTF QMVT EF EFT
IBCJUBOUTFYFSDFOUMFVSNÊUJFSEBOTMBNËNFBHHMPNÊSBUJPO MFTWJMMFTEF2VFOtinen:WFMJOFTPV&WSZ
WPJFOUDIBRVFNBUJOMBNBKPSJUÊEFMFVSTIBCJUBOUTTFEJSJHFSWFST1BSJT BDDFOUVBOUMFTNPVWFNFOUT
QFOEVMBJSFT2VBOUBVYNÊUSPQPMFTEÊRVJMJCSF TPJUMFTWJMMFTEFQSPWJODFGPSNBOUVODFSDMFEBOTVO
SBZPOEFÆLJMPNÍUSFTBVUPVSEF1BSJT FMMFTTFTPOUEÊWFMPQQÊFT NBJTOPOUQBTFNQËDIÊMFT
GMVYNBTTJGTEFQSPWJODJBVYEFTJOTUBMMFSFOSÊHJPOQBSJTJFOOF%FQMVTJMZBDFSUBJOFTEFDFTWJMMFTRVJ
TPOUEFWÊSJUBCMFTQPVNPOTEFMFVSSÊHJPO FY5PVMPVTFESBJOFEFTNPVWFNFOUT QFOEVMBJSFTJOUFOTFT
EFUPVUFTMFTWJMMFTNPZFOOFTEBOTVOSBZPOEFLJMPNÍUSFT

.BJT QMVT FODPSF RVF DFT QÔMFT NÊUSPQPMJUBJOT DFTU MB SÊHJPOBMJTBUJPO RVJ B GBJU ÊDMBUFS MFT
UFSSJUPJSFT $SÊÊFT FO MFT SÊHJPOT POU PCUFOV FO TPVT 'SBOÉPJT .JUUFSSBOE EFT QPVWPJST
ÊUFOEVT EPUÊFT EVOF BTTFNCMÊF EÊOPNNÊF $POTFJM SÊHJPOBM MFT SÊHJPOT DPOUSÔMFOU MB WJF
ÊDPOPNJRVFFUQFVWFOUDPOTUSVJSFEFTMZDÊFTFUEFTEJTQFOTBJSFT.ËNFTJFMMFTPOUÊUÊSFHSPVQÊFTFO
FO NÊHBSÊHJPOT QMVT DPOGPSNFT Æ MB UBJMMF FU BV QPJET DSJUJRVF EFT SÊHJPOT BMMFNBOEFT PV
FTQBHOPMFT MFVST BTTFNCMÊFT FU GPODUJPOOBJSFT DPOUJOVFOU EÊUFOESF MFVST QSÊSPHBUJWFT &O PVUSF
MBVHNFOUBUJPOEFMBUBJMMFEFTSÊHJPOTGSBOÉBJTFTOBQBTFNQËDIÊEFNFUUSFBVEFWBOUEFMBTDÍOFle
EÊCBUTVSMBGJOEFTEÊQBSUFNFOUT/ÊTEVNPEÍMFKBDPCJOEF MFTEÊQBSUFNFOUTTPOUEFQVJTEFVY
TJÍDMFT MF SPVBHF QSJODJQBM EF MB QPMJUJRVF EV UFSSJUPJSF FO 'SBODF *MT SÍHMFOU MFT RVFTUJPOT EBJEFT
TPDJBMFT EFWPJSJFTFUTPOUSFTQPOTBCMFTEFTDPMMÍHFTFUEFTNBUFSOJUÊTMFTTVQQSJNFSSFWJFOESBJUOPO
TFVMFNFOU Æ SFOESF MFT UFSSJUPJSFT QMVT JOÊHBVY NBJT BVTTJ Æ BDDFOUVFS MB EFTUSVDUJPO EV NPEÍMF
KBDPCJFOGSBOÉBJT TPVTMFTZFVYBQQSPCBUFVSTEF#SVYFMMFT1JFSSF)*--"3%BEÊNPOUSÊRVFMFQSPKFU
euroQÊFO FODBTTBOUMFNPEÍMFTPDJBMFUUFSSJUPSJBMGSBOÉBJT ÊUBJUEBGGBJCMJSM&UBUOBUJPO )JMMBSE

$FUUFMFOUFÊSPTJPOEFMBDPIÊTJPOEVUFSSJUPJSF TPVUFOVFQBSM6&FUEJSJHÊFQBSMBENJOJTUSBUJPO
GSBOÉBJTF BDSÊÊEFHSBOEFTJOÊHBMJUÊTUFSSJUPSJBMFT1JSF DFUUFÊWPMVUJPODSJUJRVBCMFBGBJUÊNFSHFSDFRVF

MPOBQQFMMFQVEJRVFNFOUFO'SBODFMFTjUFSSJUPJSFTEÊMBJTTÊTv-FHÊPHSBQIF$ISJTUPQIF(6*--: EBOT
« MB'SBODFQÊSJQIÊSJRVF v EÊNPOUSFBENJSBCMFNFOUDPNNFOUDFQSPDFTTVTEÊNJFUUFNFOUUFSSJUPSJBM
JTTVEFMBNPOEJBMJTBUJPOBQQMJRVÊFEFQVJTRVBSBOUFBOT BQFSNJTMÊNFSHFODFEFUFSSJUPJSFTEÊMBJTTÊT*M
FYQMJRVFBVTTJEBOTTPOPVWSBHFRVFMBMJHOFEFGSBDUVSFFOUSFWPUFEBEIÊTJPOÆMBNPOEJBMJTBUJPOFU
WPUFQSPUFTUBUBJSFEFSFKFUEFMBNPOEJBMJTBUJPO OFQBTTFQBTQBSMFTCBOMJFVFTEPOUMFTIBCJUBOUTTPOU
BVTTJMJÊTRVFDFVYEFTDFOUSFTWJMMFTÆMBNPOEJBMJTBUJPO NBJTFOUSFDFTEFVYUFSSJUPJSFTVSCBJOTFUMFT
NJMJFVYSVSBVY-FTQMVTQBVWSFT IBCJUBOUTWJMMBHFTFUQFUJUFTWJMMFTFO[POFSVSBMF TPOUDFMMFTEFTMBJTTÊT
pour DPNQUFEFMBNPOEJBMJTBUJPO (VJMMZ

5PVT DFT QSPDFTTVT FO DPVST POU BNFOÊ Æ MÊNFSHFODF EF WÊSJUBCMFT j [POFT EF OPOESPJU » RVJ
EFQVJTQMVTEFUSFOUFBOTTPOUMFDBVDIFNBSEFTBVUPSJUÊT%BOTDFSUBJOFTCBOMJFVFTEF1BSJT -ZPOPV
.BSTFJMMF BVYBCPSETEFTDJUÊT MFTUSBGJRVBOUTEFESPHVFDPOUSÔMFOUMFRVBSUJFS HSÄDFÆVOFÊDPOPNJF
MPDBMFDMBOEFTUJOFMPSTRVFMBQPMJDFWFVUZSÊUBCMJSMPSESF QBSGPJTEFTÊNFVUFTÊDMBUFOU POTFTPVWJFOU
FODPSFEFTJODFOEJFTEFWPJUVSFTFO
-FTQPMJUJRVFTPOUFTTBZÊEFSÊBHJSÆDFQIÊOPNÍOF NBJT
DIBRVFGPJTFOSFUBSE+BDRVFT$IJSBDDSÊFMFTj[POFTGSBODIFTvQFOTBOUBJOTJFOCBJTTBOUMFTDIBSHFT
BNFOFSÆMBDSÊBUJPOEFNQMPJT'SBOÉPJT)PMMBOEFZNVMUJQMJBMFTjFNQMPJT BJEÊTv2VBOEDFOFTUQBT
MVUJMJTBUJPOEFQISBTFTBVWJUSJPMMFNJOJTUSF$IFWÍOFNFOUQBSMBJUEÊKÆFOEFTjTBVWBHFPOTvRVJ
QFVQMFOU DFT [POFT MF QSÊTJEFOU 4BSLP[Z EJU RVPO WB j OFUUPZFS DFT RVBSUJFST BV LÅSDIFS v 1FJOF
QFSEVF DBSEBOTMB'SBODFEF MBCTFODFEBVUPSJUÊDFOUSBMFOBGBJURVFMBJTTFSTFEÊWFMPQQFSDFT
[POFTEFOPOESPJUFOUÄDIFTEIVJMF

B3ÊTVSHFODFEFTSÊHJPOBMJTNFTDPNNVOBVUBSJTUFT
-BVUSFEBOHFSNFOBÉBOUEBOTTFTCBTFTMFNPEÍMFKBDPCJOGSBOÉBJTTFUSPVWFEBOTMÊNFSHFODFEF
QMVTFOQMVTBGGJSNÊFEFTSÊHJPOBMJTNFT$FSUBJOTFYJTUFOUEFQVJTMPOHUFNQT DPSTFFUCSFUPO
EBVUSFT
TPOUBQQBSVTQMVTSÊDFNNFOU MBMJHVFTBWPJTJFOOF
NBJTUPVTWPJFOUEBOTMFGÊEÊSBMJTNFFVSPQÊFOVOF
TPSUJFEFM&UBUOBUJPORVJQFSNFUUSBJU TVSMFNPEÍMFTMPWÍOFPVDBUBMBO VOFJOEÊQFOEBODFQSPDIBJOF
%ÊGFOTFFUJMMVTUSBUJPOEFTMBOHVFTSÊHJPOBMFT
-IJTUPSJFO&SOFTU3&/"/BWBJUEÊKÆTFOUJDFEBOHFSFUEJTBJUÆMBGJOEV9*9TJÍDMFRVFMVOJUÊEF
MB OBUJPO GSBOÉBJTF SFQPTBJU TVS j VOF IJTUPJSF DPNNVOF FU VOF MBOHVF VOJRVF v 0S GPSDF FTU EF
DPOTUBUFSMBDPODVSSFODFEFQMVTFOQMVTGPSUF TVSMFUFSSJUPJSFOBUJPOBM EFMBOHVFTSÊHJPOBMFTQPVSUBOU
DPNCBUUVFTQBSMB3ÊQVCMJRVFBV9*9TJÍDMF
-B $PSTF B PCUFOV EV .JOJTUÍSF EF M&EVDBUJPO OBUJPOBMF VO TUBUVU QSJWJMÊHJÊ FMMF QFVU ËUSF
FOTFJHOÊF TVSM*MFEFCFBVUÊ DPNNFTFDPOEFMBOHVFÊUSBOHÍSF-FDPSTFFTUBVTTJVUJMJTÊPGGJDJFMMFNFOU
QBSMFTÊMVTEFDFUUFSÊHJPOBVTFJOEFM"TTFNCMÊFUFSSJUPSJBMFDPSTF%VOFGBÉPONPJOTGPSUF NBJTUout
BVTTJ SFDPOOVF QBS MFT BVUPSJUÊT MB MBOHVF CSFUPOOF B BDRVJT RVFMRVFT ESPJUT OPO OÊHMJHFBCMFT -F
CSFUPOFTUVUJMJTÊEBOTMFTÊDPMFTEJUFTjEJXBOv ÊUBCMJTTFNFOUTQSJWÊTEFOTFJHOFNFOUTPVTDPOUSBUBWFD
M&UBUJMFTUBVTTJTPVWFOUVUJMJTÊEBOTMFTNFEJBCSFUPOT DIBÏOFEFUÊMÊWJTJPO#SFJ[57
&OQBZTPDDJUBO

NBJOUFOBOUÊMFWÊBVSBOHEFSÊHJPOÆQBSUFOUJÍSFEBOTMFOPVWFBVTDIÊNBFVSPQÊFO MFTBTTPDJBUJPOT
DVMUVSFMMFTFOMBOHVFPDDJUBOFQVMMVMFOU&MMFTPOUVOSFMBJTÆUSBWFSTMFTMJCSBJSJFTPÜMFT ouvrages sur
MIJTUPJSFEFMB$BUBMPHOFTPOUEJGGVTÊTQSFTRVFFYDMVTJWFNFOU
5PVUDFMBBNÍOFVOFTPSUFEFSFQMJEVNPEFEFWJFEBOTDFTSÊHJPOT&NNBOVFM50%%BWBJUEÊKÆ
BOBMZTÊEBOTj-JOWFOUJPOEFMB'SBODFvRVFEBOTMFTSÊHJPOTÆGPSUQBUFSOBMJTNFMB UFOEBODFBVSFQMJ
TVSTPJGBNJMJBMFUSÊHJPOBMTPQÊSBJU-FQBZTCBTRVFFOFTUVOFYFNQMFQSPCBOU-FTMPJTJST DIPSBMFT
GPPUCBMM DPSSJEBTFUD
TFEÊSPVMFOUFOUSFSÊHJPOBVYFUEBOTEFTBTTPDJBUJPOTCBTRVFT
1MVT HÊOÊSBMFNFOU MB HÊOÊSBMJTBUJPO EV SFQMJ TVS TPJ QBS PQQPTJUJPO Æ VOF NPOEJBMJTBUJPO
JNQPTÊF QBTTFTPVWFOUQBSMBEÊGFOTFEFTWBMFVSTFUDPVUVNFTSÊHJPOBMFT-FTQSPEVJUTEVjUFSSPJSv EV
jQBZTv EVjWJMMBHFvOFTPOUQBTTFVMFNFOUVOFGBÉPOEFWFOESFQMVTFUEFSFTQFDUFSMÊDPMPHJFJMTTPOU
BVTTJMÆQPVSNBSRVFSMFTEJGGÊSFODFTSÊHJPOBMFT1BSFYFNQMF MBjCJÍSFDPSTFvPVMFj#SFJ[I$PMBv BV
EÊQBSU BSHVNFOUT EF WFOUF TF TPOU JOTUBMMÊT DPNNF NBSRVFVST EJEFOUJUÊ Æ MB GPJT DIF[ MFT
ÊUBCMJTTFNFOUTMFTQSPQPTBOUDPNNFEFQBSMFTDPOTPNNBUFVSTBWFSUJTFUTÚSTEVODIPJYBTTVNÊ&O
PVUSF MBTQIÍSFEFTMPJTJSTFUBDUJWJUÊTFYUSBQSPGFTTJPOOFMMFTPOUBNFOÊMFYQMPTJPO DFTUSFOUFEFSOJÍSFT
BOOÊFT EFTGFTUJWBMTUSÍTSÊHJPOBMJTUFT&O#SFUBHOFMFGFTUJWBMEFTj7JFJMMFT$IBSSVFTvTFGBJUGPSUEF
EÊWFMPQQFSMJEFOUJUÊDFMUFQBSUPVUFO'SBODF MFT#SFUPOTTFSFUSPVWFOUEBOTMFTj'FTU/P[vMFTBNFEJ
TPJSBGJOEFEBOTFSTVSEFTSZUINFTFUEFTNÊMPEJFTRVJFYJTUFOUFO#SFUBHOFEFQVJTEFTTJÍDMFT
2.POUÊFEFTDPNQÊUFODFTQPMJUJRVFTEFTSÊHJPOBMJTNFT
-FT $PSTFT POU SÊVTTJ Æ PCUFOJS HSBEVFMMFNFOU EF ESPJUT JNQPSUBOUT EBOT MB 3ÊQVCMJRVF
*ODPSQPSÊFÆMB'SBODFFO MB$PSTFBUPVKPVSTDVMUJWÊTPOJOTVMBSJUÊFUTPODBSBDUÍSFQBSUJDVMJFS*M
OFTU EPOD QBT TVSQSFOBOU RVBQSÍT EFT EÊDFOOJFT EF UFSSPSJTNF SÊHJPOBMJTUF '-/$
MB $PSTF TPJU
BVKPVSEIVJVOFSÊHJPOÆTUBUVUQBSUJDVMJFS-"TTFNCMÊFUFSSJUPSJBMFBEFTESPJUTÊUFOEVTFMMFDPOUSÔMF
MÊDPOPNJFEFMBSÊHJPONBJTBVTTJBMBQSÊSPHBUJWFEFMFWFSMFTJNQÔUTTVSTBSÊHJPO%FQMVT MB langue
DPSTFFTUVUJMJTÊFEBOTMBENJOJTUSBUJPO
"VQBZTCBTRVFGSBOÉBJT JMOZB QBTDPNNF EFMBVUSFDÔUÊEFMBGSPOUJÍSF FTQBHOPMF EFTUBUVU
SÊHJPOBM.BJTMBDVMUVSFCBTRVFFTUPNOJQSÊTFOUF
CONCLUSION
-BHÊPHSBQIF#ÊBUSJDF(JCMJODPOTUBUFRVFO'rance : « 2VBOEVOFQBSUJFEFMÊMFDUPSBUQPQVMBJSF
EF HBVDIF EFNBOEBJU RVPO MVJ QBSMF EF MB j nation v MB HBVDIF MVJ SÊQPOEBJU j 3ÊQVCMJRVF v TBOT
TBUUBRVFS FO QSPGPOEFVS BVY EJGGJDVMUÊT EF MB WJF RVPUJEJFOOF OJ Æ DFMMFT EFT KFVOFT EF MB TFDPOEF
HÊOÊSBUJPOJNNJHSÊFQPVSRVJMÊHBMJUÊFUMBGSBUFSOJUÊEFMBEFWJTFSÊQVCMJDBJOFOÊUBJFOURVFEFTNPUT »
-BVUFVSQPJOUFMBTÊHSÊHBUJPOTPDJPTQBUJBMFÆUSBWFSTMFMPHFNFOUFUMFNQMPJ WÊSJUBCMFj TÊQBSBUJTNF
UFSSJUPSJBMRVJGBWPSJTFMFQSPDFTTVTEFTÊQBSBUJPOEBWFDMBOBUJPO »

-B'SBODFFTUEPODBSSJWÊFÆVOTUBEFPÜMVOJUÊSÊQVCMJDBJOFFTUDPOGSPOUÊFÆEJWFSTGBDUFVSTEF
fractionnement DPNNVOBVUBSJTNFT SÊHJPOBMJTNFT FU JNQÊSJBMJTNF DVMUVSFM ÊUBUTVOJFO -F QSPKFU
SÊQVCMJDBJO BSDCPVUÊ TVS VOF MBÐDJUÊ Æ SÊJOWFOUFS OF QSPQPTF QMVT BVY KFVOFT HÊOÊSBUJPOT VO
QSPHSBNNFDPIÊSFOUFUQPSUFVS
4J MFT EJSJHFBOUT QPMJUJRVFT OF QBSWJFOOFOU QBT Æ SÊBGGJSNFS MFT WBMFVST EF KBDPCJOJTNF FU E
VOJWFSTBMJTNFEFMB3ÊQVCMJRVFGSBOÉBJTF MBTPDJÊUÊTFSBDPOGSPOUÊFÆEFTGSBDUJPOOFNFOUTEFQMVTFO
plus intenses.
3&'&3&/$&4
#BSCFS #

%KJIBEWT.D8PSE. /FX:PSL : Ballantine Books.
%FNFZ + KVJMMFU
«6ODPNQMJDFEF#PVIMFMNÍOFWFSTM*UBMJFv-FKPVSOBMEV%JNBODIF Q
&MTBTTFS +
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̸͍͉͆͏̸͌͊̓́͆͏̸̸̸̸͇̻͇̹͉́͆̈́͆́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋́̈́̈́͆̓͌̈́͋͌
͉̾̀́̾ͅ
͈͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͰͷͳΒͰͻ ̈́ͳ͹͸ͰͶ̿͹ͼͺͰ͸ͳͲΒͪͬͳ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰt͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͪͼͪͯͪ
ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͯ͹ͯͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸;ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͻͪ͸ͳͶͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͿͻͪ͸΁;
ͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪt̿ͰͶͰͶͳͬͳͽ͹ͳͶͳ͸Ͱi
̈́ͪͳ΁ͳͲͪͷ͸ͪͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͹;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͪͯͰ΀ͻͳͼͽͳΒͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ
ͯ͹ͽͪͯ΂ͬͻͼͽͳ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰͯͪͼͰͻͪͼͺͪͯͪͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪͼͺ͹Βͪͬ͹ͷͯͬͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ
ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ;Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;͸ͪΒͺͻͰ ͼͬͰ͹ͷͪͫͻͲͳͷͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷΒͰͯ͸ͰͬͻͼͽͰͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ ;ͬͰͲͰ͸ͳͷ ͳͲ ̸͊̽ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͼͪ ͳͼͶͪͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵Ͱ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ
ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ
͋Ͱͼ;ͯͬͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͹ͯͼͪͷ͹ͭͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͰͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͶ; Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ͸ͪΒͪ͵͹ͫͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶͳͲͷ;ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;¢ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻ̾ͻ͸Ͱͼͽ͉Ͱ͸ͪ͸¢ tΒͰͯ͸͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰi ͋ͪΒͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ͯͪͼͰ ͹ͯ ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪt͸ͪͿͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸i͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵͉ͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪΒͰ;ͼͺͰͶͪ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͫ͹ͻͫͰ ͯͪ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͼͬͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ ͼͬͰ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͰͳͼͬͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͹͵͹ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͺͻͪͬͪͳ ͹͵͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͸͹ͼͰΕͰͭ
ͼͽ;ͫͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳ͹͸ͪ΂ͰͶ͹tΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳ͸ͰͯͰΓͳͬͰͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱi
̸Ͷͳͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͫͳ͹ΒͰ͸ͪͺͪͯ͸;ͽͼͪͼͬͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
́Ͳ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͳͬ͹ͪ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͸ͪͷͪ͵ͻ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹; ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͼͬͳ΀
ͽͳͺ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͽͪͻͳͲͷͪ
͏ͳΓ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪΒͰͯͪ ;ͽ͹ΒͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΕͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ͹Εͳͯͪ͹ͯͻ
ͱͳͼͬ͹Β;ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͼͺͻͪͷ͹Ϳͪ͸Ͳͳͬͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͽͪͻͳͲͪͷͪͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͽͪͻͳͲͪͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ

̸̹͇͉͍͈͇̺̿́̽͊́̈́́́ͣ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
͇ͯͰΓͰΔͰͲͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;

̸͉͇͆̽ ̸͆͏̸̸͚́́̾͌͆͠ͅ͏̸͇́͆̈́͆́
͇͇̽͆͊́–̸̸͚̺̺͇̻́̀̾͌̓͆͋́͋͋́͆́ͅ
̸̸̸̺̺͇̻͈͉͈̓̈́́͋͋́͆́͊͋͌
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͌ͻͪͯ;ΕͰͷ͹ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͷ͹ͺͻͳ͵;ͺͳͶͳ;͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;
ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͭͻ̹ͪͯͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ͌ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͶͪͲ͸;ͽͪ΂͵;ͪ͸͵ͰͽͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͬͰΕ
ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ ; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͺ͹ͯ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ
ͺͻ͹ͿͯͻͅͶͪͯͰ͸ͪ̈́ͪͲͳΕͪ
͹ͼͷͳͼͶͳͶͳͼͷ͹͸ͳͲͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;͸ͪͷ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͪͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;ͽͻͳͪ͸
ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ̽Ͱ͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͰ͸ͪͻͪͲ;
ͷͰͬͪΔͰͺͳͽͪΔͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ̓͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ ;͸ͪ΃ͰͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͼͷ͹͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪ
ͽͳͬͪ͸ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͶͳͼͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͷͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳͷ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ
͸ͳͲͳͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͪͬΓͪΒ;͵ͪ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͉ͪͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͻͪͲ͸͹ͬͻ
ͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͬͳ΃ͰͲ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͼͽ;ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͳͷͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͰͰͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰͽͪ
ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ;
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹WFSTVT ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸
ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ
̺͇͌̽
͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰͯ͸; ͹ͯ
͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ͸ͪ;͵Ͱ͇ͬͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͼͰͬͰ͹ͷͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹
ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔ;Ͳͪͯͪͽͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ
͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷ ; ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͪͬͪΔ; ͳ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔ; ͹ͺͽͳͷͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͻͽͪ͋ͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰͼͽ͹ͭͪͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͱͰΓ͸͹ͻͰ΃ͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪ
͸ͪͯ͹ͷͰͼͽͳ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ ; ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ̹ͰͲ ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͸ͪ ΂Ͱͼͽͪ ͳ
ͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͰ
ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͻͰͽ͵͹ΒͪͬΓͪ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ΂͵͹Βͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͆͹ ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͺ͹Βͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ
ͺͻͰͷͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹Βͷ;;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ΔͰ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ
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͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͰͺ͹Βͷͪ2 ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͬͳͯͰ
ͽͳ ͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ tͺͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸ͳi ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͯͪͽ͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸; ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;
ͬͳ΃ͰͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ͆ͪ͵͹͸ͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͼͰͼ;ͯ͹ͼͪͲ͸ͪΒ͸͹ΒͺͶ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬͪ
͵͹ͭtͲͪͼͰͫ͸͹ͭiͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͇ͪ΂ͳ
ͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ; ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰͺ͹Βͪͷͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ (JEFPO ͼͽͻ .BUUIFXT3PTT
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ͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͳͽͳ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͷͪ͵ͪͻ;͹ͬ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͯͪͼͬͪ͵ͪͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͶͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ
͵ͻͰΕͰ͹ͯ
tͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪi͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͶͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪͬͪ3 ͋ͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹tͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹i͹΁Ͱ͸ͰͬͪͶͳͯ
͸͹ͼͽͳΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͸ͪ΃
ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͹ͯͶͳ͵;Β;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪ
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ ; ͬͳͯ; ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ ͻͰΕͳ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ΃ͪ ͸ͪͷͰͻͪ ; ͻͪͯ; ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͹
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒtͯ͹ͺ;͸Ͱi ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ΀͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ4 ͻͪͯͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪͳͯͰͪͶͪͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;
Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͈͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ΂ͳΒͰΕͰͷ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷ
ͽͪͽͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͻͪͯ; ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͽͻͰͷΓͰΔͰ ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͷ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ
ͳͯͰͪͶ;͈ͻͬͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹;ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͻͽͪ ͯͳͲͪΒ͸ͪ
͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ ͪ͸͵ͰͽͰ
͇͸͹ ΒͰ
ͽͳͷͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸͹ͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͼͽ͹ͷͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;
;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͯͻ;ͭͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ̽ͻ;ͭͳͻͪͲͶ͹ͭ΂ͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͷͰͽͳͳ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺͻͰͬͪͼ
΀͹ͯ͸͹Ͳͪͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪͺͻͳͷͰ͸Ͱ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ;
;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͸ͪͷͰͻͪ͸ͪͷΒͰͫͳͶͪͯͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͷ͹ͬͪͶͳ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪ ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ
͵͹Βͳͼ;͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳ;͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ
͌ͻͪͯ;ͺ͹ͯͺ͹Βͷ͹ͷͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͷ͹ͽͲͬ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͬͪΓͪ͸͹ͼͽ 5͆ͳ͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ
ͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͽͳͳͲͬͳͯͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ΃ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹
͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁ͰͺͻͳͯͪΒ;ͳͼ͵ͪͲͳͷͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ
2
t5IJT LJOE PG USJBOHVMBUJPO JT MBCFMFE CZ %FO[JO
BT UIF CFUXFFO PS BDSPTT
NFUIPET UZQF BOE
represents the most popular use of triangulation. *U JT MBSHFMZ B WFIJDMF GPS DSPTT WBMJEBUJPO XIFO UXP PS NPSF
EJTUJODUNFUIPETBSFGPVOEUPCFDPOHSVFOUBOEZJFMEDPNQBSBCMFEBUB'PSPSHBOJ[BUJPOBMSFTFBSDIFST UIJTXPVME
JOWPMWF UIFVTF PG NVMUJQMFNFUIPETUP FYBNJOFUIFTBNF EJNFOTJPO PG B SFTFBSDIQSPCMFN'PS FYBNQMF UIF
FGGFDUJWFOFTTPGBMFBEFSNBZCFTUVEJFECZJOUFSWJFXJOHUIFMFBEFS PCTFSWJOHIJTPSIFSCFIBWJPS BOEFWBMVBUJOH
QFSGPSNBODFSFDPSET5IFGPDVTBMXBZTSFNBJOTUIBUPGUIFMFBEFShTFGGFDUJWFOFTTCVUUIFNPEFPGEBUBDPMMFDUJPO
WBSJFT.VMUJQMFBOEJOEFQFOEFOUNFBTVSFT JGUIFZSFBDIUIFTBNFDPODMVTJPOT QSPWJEFBNPSFDFSUBJOQPSUSBZBMPG
UIFMFBEFSTIJQQIFOPNFOPOi +JDL 1979 ͼͽͻ
́ͯͻ;ͭͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;ͬͰͲ;ͼͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷ
ͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ .BSWBTUJ ͼͽͻ
.
3
͆Ͱͷͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ;ͻͪͯ;͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͶͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔͪͺ͹Βͷͪͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ
4
̓ͪ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΕͰͷ͹ ͺ͹Βͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͵; ͻͪͯͪ ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͯͰ͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ
ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͍͉͊͠ ͳ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͯ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹Ϳ ͯͻ ͅͶͪͯͰ͸ͪ ̈́ͪͲͳΕͪ ͹ͯ ͵ͻͪΒͪ
͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99 ͬͰ͵ͪ
5
t͌͹ͬ͹ͷͽͳͺ;ͬͪΓͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͯͪΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ ΃ͽͪͷͰͻͳͷͰͻ͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽ ͺͪͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͻͰΕͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰi 'BKHFMK 2010 ͼͽͻ

̸̹͇͉͍͈͇̺̿́̽͊́̈́́́ͣ: ͆ͪͻ͹ͯ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ
͈͹ͯͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͿͯͻͅͶͪͯͰ͸ͪ̈́ͪͲͳΕͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ
͸ͪͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͈ͻͬ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ΁ͰͶͰ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ
ΒͰΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ͸͹͸ͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Β;͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ -B[JǀJ1FØJǀ ͼͽͻ
̽Ͱ͹ͪ͸͵ͰͽͰ
;͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͼͰͳ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬͰ ͼ͵ͪͶͰ -B[Jǀ 1FØJǀ
1FUSPWJǀ 1FUSPWJǀJ3BEPNBO
͆ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͹ͯͪͫͻͪͶͳ
ͼͷ͹͵ͪ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͸;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͲͫ͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;;ͯ͹ͷͪΕ͹Β
ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹Ͳͫ͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͪͳͬͰͶͳ΂ͳ͸Ͱ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͪ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͪ̿ͰΓͪ
͸ͪͷΒͰͫͳͶͪͯͪ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯ;ͭ͹ͷͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕ͹Βͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹
ͭͳΒͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳͷ͹͵ͪ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭt͹ͺͳͽͪi
͈ͳͽͪΔͪ ͽ͹ΒͰͼͽ ͽͬͻͯΔͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͪt̀ͪΒͰͯ
͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͽͰͷͰΓΒͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪit͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ
ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳit͐͹ͬͰ͵ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͼͰΕͪͽͳͼͪͼͬͳͷͼͳͭ;ͻ
͸ͳͷͼͪͷ͹͵ͪͯͪͱͳͬͳ;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳͭͯͰΒͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰi7tͅͰΌ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͼͰ
ͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͼͪͻͪͯΔͪ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͳͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰi͇ͬͳͳͼ͵ͪͲͳͼ;;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ
Δͳͷͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯͰ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͼ; ͷͰͻͰ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͈͹ͷ͹Ε; ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ ΒͰ ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ; ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸ͳͷ
͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͯͬͰ ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;ͲͳͬͳͲͪͷ9 ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͲͪͷ10
͆ͪ ͼͬͪ͵͹ ͹ͯ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ
ͷ͹ͭͶͳͼ;ͯͪͺ͹͸;ͯͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͯ΃Ͱͼͽͺ͹͸;ΌͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬͰͼ͵ͪͶͰ11

͈ͳͽͪΔͪ ͳͼ͵ͪͲͳ
͵͹Βͳͷͪ je ͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳ ͼ; ͳ ; ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ
7
͇ͬ͹ͷͳͼ͵ͪͲ;ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͶͳͺͪͱΔ;;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͻͪͯ; 'JMJQPWJǀ
ͼͽ͹ͭͪ͹͸͸ͰΕͰ͹ͬͯͰͫͳͽͳ;ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ;
͸ͪ΃ͰͺͪͱΔͰ

͌ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͸ͳͼͷ͹ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͼͬͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳͼ͵ͪͲͰ
͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ
ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷ ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ
9
͌ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ΒͯͳͼͰͻͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ͠ͰͶͰ͸͈ͪͰ΃ͳΕ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͶͪΒͰͺ͹Βͪͷ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸t͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;ͲͳͬͳͲͪͷ ͵͹Βͳͷ ͼͰ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵;
ͭͻ;ͺ; ͪͶͳ ͳ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͰͷͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͶͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͶ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͷ͇ͬͪͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͼͰͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹͵ͶͪͺͪͼͪͰͽ͸͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͼͽͳͷͯͪ
ΒͰ ͹ͬͪΒ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͺ͹Βͪͷ Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ ΃ͳͻͳ ΒͰͻ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͳ ͺͻ͹ͼ;ΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;
ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ
i 1FØJǀ ͼͽͻ
͊ͪͷ͹ ͺͻͬͪ ͽͬͻͯΔͪ ͹ͯ ͼͬͳ΀ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀
ͺͻͳͺͪͯͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͳ
10
t͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͲͪͷ ͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸Ͱ
͵ͪ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͪ΂ͳΒͳͼͰͽͰͷͰΓͳͽͻͪͱͰ;ͯ;ͫΓ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ Ͳͪ͵͹Β;ͼͰͬͰͲ;Β;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ; ͹͵ͬͳͻ; ͹ͬͰ ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ
͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ ͼͰ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ ͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳ ͽ͹ͭ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͽͻͪͱͰ ͼͰ ; ͹͸͹ͷ ͯͰͶ;
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵Ͷͪͼ͸Ͱ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ΒͰͲͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ
͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͰ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ ͯͪͶͳ ͼͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͹ͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΔ;͸ͪͻͰͪͶ͸ͰͳͶͳͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸Ͱ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
͇ͽ;ͯͪΒͰͲͪ͹ͬͪΒͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΔͰ
͸ͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳ ΀͹ͷ͹ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪ

̸̸̸̸̺̺͇͉̺̓̈́́͋͋́͆́͊͋̿́̾͢
͆ͪ΃Ͱ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͭͻ̹ͪͯͪͰ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯ
ͼͰͺͽͰͷͫͻͪͯ͹Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͊ͬͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼ;ͼ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳͳͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳͼ;͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͺͳͼ
͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͬͳ΀ͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ̓ͬ͹ͽ͸ͳ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ΒͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͽͪ
ͻͳΒͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ́ͪ͵͹ͼͰͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͺ΃ͽ;ͺ͹ͺ;
Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ; ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͹ͯͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪͼ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͷͪͶͪt͌Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ΒͰͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪͶ͹
ͺ͹ͯͰͼͰͽͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳ͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͼͽͪͻ͹ͼ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁Ͱ
͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ
͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁Ͱ
ͳ
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁Ͱ
͌ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ;Ͳ͹ͻͪ͵ͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͪͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪͼͪͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹ͷͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͷ
΃͵͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͯͬͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͹ͷͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͼͪͲͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳͷͿͪ͵;Ͷ
ͽͰͽ͹ͷi 'JMJQPWJǀ

̓ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷ;ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͷ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬΒ;; ͆ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳ
ͯͰ͹͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͲͪͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͳͺͰͽͳͼ͵ͪͲͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰ;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;
ͽͳͷ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͷͰͻͰ͸ͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͪ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ
ͼ;ͯͪͬͪͶͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ̈́ͳ͵Ͱͻͽ͹ͬͪͼ͵ͪͶͪ
͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳͼ͵ͪͲͰ
12 ͪͲͪͽͳͷͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪ
tͺ͹ͽͺͳͽͪΔͪi ͸ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁ͰͯͪͬͪͶͳͼͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ
Δͪ
͈ͻͬ͹tͺ͹ͽͺͳͽͪΔͰiͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪͳͭͶͪͼͳͶ͹ΒͰt̓ͪ͵͹
ͼͽͰͬͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͳ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ i
́ͼ͵ͪͲt͈͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͽͰͷͰΓΒͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪiͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ
͸Ͱͯ͹;ͷͳ΁ͪͳͲͪͫ;͸ͰͷͰΌ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͪͷͪ͌ͬͳ΃ͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ ͵ͪͯͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͳͼ;Ͱ͵ͼ
ͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͳͯͪΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹ ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͶ;ͽͳͽͳͯͪ ͹͸͹ͲͪΔͳ΀͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ
Γͳͬ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹͊ͽ͹ͭͪͼ;΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳͶͰͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͯ͹ͫͳͶͳͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸ͪͺ͹Βͪ΃ΔͰΔͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t̓͹ͭ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ΂ͳΒͰͭ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ i ̸ͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͸ͪͻ͹̸ͯͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͷͳͼͶͳ ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷ

͹ͬ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͼͬͳ ͷͳ ͳͷͪͷ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͽ͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͽͰͷͰΓ ΒͰ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ
ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔ͈ͪ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ; w͆ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷi ͈Ͱ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻ͵ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪͼͪͯ͹ͬ͹ͳ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͽͰͷͰΓ
ΒͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪͺͪͼͪͯ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ΃ͽͪΒͰ΃ͽͪi
̹͍t͑ͽͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ ̸͵͹͸ͳΒͰ ͻͰ΁ͳͽͰ΃ͽͪ͸ͳΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹i
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͫͻͳͼͪΔͪ ͼͬͳ΀ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰi 1FØJǀ ͼͽͻ 494–
͇ͯ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ
ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻͬͳͺͻͳͺͪͯͪͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͲͷͪ ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͼ;ͯͰ͹ͼ͵ͪͶͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ
Ͱ͵ͼ͵Ͷ;ͲͳͬͳͲͷͪ
11
͈͹͸;ΌͰ͸ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳ– t;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͼͶͪͱͰͷi– tͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi– t͸ͳͽͳͼͰͼͶͪͱͰͷ ͸ͳͽͳͼͰ
͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷi– t͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi– t; ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷiͳ– t͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷi
12
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͹ͬͪΒͯͰ͹͸ͪ΃ͰͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͰͺ͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪͼͪ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ

́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪ΃ͽͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ i ͈͹ͻͽͳͻ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͆ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷ̀͸ͪ΂ͳ ΃ͽͪͭ͹ͯͯͪ͵ͪͱͰͷ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷi
̹͍t͊ͪͯͪͷͳͻͰ΁ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹͹ͬͪΒͳͼ͵ͪͲ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹΃ͽͪ͸ͳͼͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹͑ͽͪΒͰ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹
͊Ͷ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͳͻͰ΁ͳi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ t͈ͪ ͸ͳͼͪͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ <ͼͷͰ΀> ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
ͽͰͷͰΓΒͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͳ͹ͺͰͽ͹͸͹ͯͪͽͳ͵ͪͱͰͷ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷi
̹͍t͆ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰ΃ͼͪͷͳͼ͵ͪͲ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͆ͳ΃ͽͪ ͸ͳͼͪͷͻͪͲ;ͷͰ͹͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰi ͉ͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͬͳΓ;΃͵ͪͻͳͼͽͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪͼͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;ͳͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹ i
̹͍t̓ͪ͵͹ͼͳͽͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔ;;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͌ͼͽͬͪͻͳͯͪ͵ͪͱͰͷͯͪͼͰ
͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ; ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ; ͋ͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͪ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯ͸͹i ̻ͻͪͿͳ΂͵ͳ ͯͳͲͪΒ͸Ͱͻ
ͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͆ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷi ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͵ͳΔͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ t̀͸ͪ΂ͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͆ͪ΃Ͱ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ΒͰ ͽͰͷͰΓ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰ
Δͪi
̹͍t̸͵͹ͽͳΒͰ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͻͰ΁ͳi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͈ͪͷͪͶ͹ͷͳΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͼͪͯ͋ͰͷͰΓ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͐Ͱͷ;ͷͳͽ͹ͼͪͯͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͬͰͻ;
ΒͰͷ͹ ͌͸ͪ΃Ͱͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ i ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͵ͳΔͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪtͅ͹ͻͪͷͯͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͷͯͪͭͪ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹.i ͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͈͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͷͯͪͺ͹ͬͰͱͰͷͳͯͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͷ΃ͽͪΒͰ΀ͽͰͶ͹ͯͪͼͰ͵ͪͱͰ͹ͬ͹ͷͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ
΁͹ͷi ͈͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͪͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͳ΁ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ t̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͌ ͵͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹

ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͌ͼͷͳͼͶ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͵ͪ͹͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ ͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹;ͼͷͳͼͶ;̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ i
͑ͰͿͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ;ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ͷͷͳ͵ͻ͹ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪͰ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸͹ΒͰͳͼͽͪ͵ͶͪͯͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳͼ͵ͪͲ ͸ͳΒͰΒͪͼ

͸͹Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸͇ͬ͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;ͫͳͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͺͻͳͯ͹ͯͪͽͳͳͯͻ;ͭͰͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵Ͱ΁Ͱ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳͼ;͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹
ͳͼͽͪ͵ͶͳͯͪͽͬͻͯΔͪ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹Βͪͼ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪ͆Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Δͳ΀ΒͰ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͶ͹
ͽͰ͵͸ͪ͵͹͸ͳͲͬͰͼ͸Ͱtͺͪ;ͲͰi ͽͳ΃ͳ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͯͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰͫͳͶͪ ΒͰͯ;ͱͪ ; ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ
13 ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺ;ͽͪͺ͹͸͹ͬͳ͹ͳͼ͵ͪͲ
13
͆ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͳͼ͵ͪͲ
͵͹ΒͰͼͷ͹͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ͸ͪ΃ͳͷ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͷ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͪͲͬͪͶ͹
͸ͳͺͻͳͫͶͳͱ͸͹͹ͬ͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸Ͱͯ͹;ͷͳ΁ͪ͵͹ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ

ͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯͪ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͹ͬ͹͸ͳΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͳ͹;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ
14 ̀ͫ͹ͭ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪ;
͹ͫͳͷ;ͻͪͯͪ͸ͰΕͰͷ͹ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳͬͳ΃ͰͺͪͱΔͰͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ
͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪͼͷ͹t͵͹͸ͽͪͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͶͳiͳͼ͵ͪͲͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ ΒͰͻΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͺ͹͸;ͯͳͽͳͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹ͻͪͲΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ
͸ͰͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͫͳ͹͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͊ͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͸ͳͼͷ͹ͯ͹ͫͳͶͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͽͺͳͽͪΔͰt̓ͪ͵͹ͼͽͰͬͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͳ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰíͺͪ͵ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͲ;ͲͷͰͷ͹ͼͬͰ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽͰ΃
͵͹ΕͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͵ͪͲͪͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͪ;ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ15 ́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱͼ;;
͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪͷ͹ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻͳͷ͹͸ͪ΃Ͱtͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰi;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰ
ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͳͼ͵ͪͲ ͸ͪ tͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͳi ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͳͶͳ ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ ͼͰ ͵͹ͯ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ
ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁Ͱ ;͹΂ͳͽͳ ͳ ; ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͼͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ
͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ

̸͇̺̹͉͇̺̾͑́͋́̓́ͅ
͆ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰͷ ΕͰͷ͹ ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ ͻͪͯ; ͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳ ͺͪͱΔ; ΒͰ ͭͶͪͼͳͶ͹ t͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹
ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳi͌ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͹ͬ͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪ͸ͳ͵͹
͹ͯͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ͸ͳΒͰ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͹͸ͪ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸;Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͆ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͳͼͺͳ
ͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ Ͳͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱͳͶͳͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi̓ͪͯͪͼͰ͹ͬ͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;ͺͻͳͯ͹ͯͪΒ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͰͼͶͪͱ;ͼͪͳͼ͵ͪͲ͹ͷ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͺ͹ͯͫͻ͹ΒͰͷ
Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ;;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͳͶͳͺͻͳͫͶͳͱ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸ͳͼͬͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
̓ͪͯͪ ͼͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ; ͼͪͷ͹ ͵ͻ͹Ͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ ͸ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͽͪΔͰ
t̓ͪ͵͹ͼͽͰͬͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͳ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰi Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ
ͺ͹͸;ͯͳͶͳ͸Ͱ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͼͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ΂͸ͳͷ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;Βͪͼ͸͹ΕͰͳͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ;͹΂ͪͬͪͷ͹
ͺ͹ͯ;ͯͪͻͪΔͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͸ͪͷͰͻͪͬͪ͸͹ͭͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͳͻͪ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ

͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪͷͫͳͶ͹ͲͪͷͰͻͰ͸͹ͯͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ͹ ͳͶͳ ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳΒͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹– ͯͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͸ͳ
Ͳ͸ͪͽͳ
͵ͪ͵ͬͳͼ;ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͳͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪͼͰ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ
ͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷͳ΀ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͸Ͱ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͫͰͲ ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ ͸ͪ Ͳͪ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰ͸Ͱ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ
͆ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͬͰͭͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͽͰ͵;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪͷ͹ͱͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳ
ͼ; ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ ͳͼ͵ͪͲ ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹ ͯͪ ;ͭͻ͹Ͳͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ; ͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͊ͬͳ
͹ͼͽͪͶͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸; ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͼͷͳͼͪ͹͸;ͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͼͪͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͷͲ͸ͪ΂Ͱ
ΔͰͷͯͪͽͰͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼͪͷͭͪͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ͷͳͼͶͳ͸ͪ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ
΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͫͳ ͷ͹ͱͯͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹Β ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͷ͹ͭͶͰ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͹͵ͳͯͪ΂ ͻͪͼͽ;ͻͪΔͪ ͫͻͪ͵ͪ ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ
Ͳ͸ͪͷ͸ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͫͳ͹ͻͪͽ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ ͪͶͳͷͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͽ͹͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͬͰͲͰͼͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ
14
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱͼ;;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;ͻͪͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͺͻͰͯͼͰͫͰͳͷͪͶͳͺͪͺͳͻ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;ͫͳͶͳͳͼͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ
ͳͼ͵ͪͲͳ
15
̓ͪ͹ͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ ͽͰ΃͵͹ΒͰ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͪͽ͵Ͱ ΒͰͻͼͰΒͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ
͵͹Βͳͼ;ͪͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ ͳͶͳͼͰͷͪ͵ͪͻͷ͹ͭ;ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵ͬͳ

͸͹΃Ε; ͫͻͪ͵ͪ͋͹ͳͷͪͬͰͲͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͪ Γ;ͯͳͷͪ ͸ͰͷͪͬͰͲͰ ͼͪwi ̻ͻͪͿͳ΂͵ͳ ͯͳͲͪΒ͸Ͱͻ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪ ͫͻͪ͵ͳͲͷͰΌ;΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͳͱͰ͸Ͱ͊ͬͪ͵ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͬͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͫͳΕͪ͋͹ͼ;
ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͳ– ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͬͰͻͪ ͫ͹Βͪ͵͹ͱͰ̸͵͹ͽͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͬͪΓͪ ͹͸ͬͪΓͪ ͪ͵͹ͽͳ͸ͰͬͪΓͪ ͹͸͸Ͱ
ͬͪΓͪͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪw͈ͪͻͪͲͬ͹ͯͰͼͰΓ;ͯͳͳͳͼͽͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀̽ͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;
͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷ͊ͪͷ͹Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͷ;Ͷͽͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ.i ͊ͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹
Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂ͪͻ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪtͪ͠͵͹ Βͪ͵͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹̀͸ͪ΂ͳ ͱͳͬͰͶͪͼͪͷ;ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳͭͯͰͼ;ͼͬͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͫͻͪ

͵͹ͬͳ͹ͺͼͽͪͶͳ͈ͪͻͯ͹͸ ͭͯͰͼ;ͼͬͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹͹ͺͼͽͪͶͳ;͹͸ͳͷ
͸ͪΒ͹ͯͬͻͪͽ͸ͳΒͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͪͲ͸ͪͷͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͯͻ;ͭͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ ͪͶͳ ;ͽ͹ͷ΂ͪͻ͹ͫ͸͹ͷ
ͷͰͼͽ;ͭͯͰͼͪͷΒͪͱͳͬͰͶͪͼͬͳͼ;͹ͺͼͽͪͶͳͳͼͬͳͼ;ͼͰͯ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳͳͼͬͳͼ;ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͶͳͺͻ͹Ͳͳͬͪ͸ͳi
͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt̸ΒͯͰͼͪͯ͹ͺͰͽ ;ͬͰ͵ ͺ͹ͷͳͼͶͳ΃͸ͪ ͹͸͹ ͊ͻͫͳ͸ͳ ͎ͻͬͪͽͳ΁ͪͳͶͳ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ΃ͽͪ

͈͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪͶͳͼͷ͹͸Ͱ͵̸ͪͯͶͳͼͪͯͪͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷͳ΃Γͪͷ͸ͳ͸ͪͽ͹̀͸ͪ΃ͅ͹ͱͰ΃ͫͳͽͳͽͳͳͲ͊ͻͫͳ
ΒͰ ͹͸͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ͹ͯͪ͵ͶͰͳͶͳ͹ͫͻ͸;ͽ͹ͪ͠͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳͷͯͪΒͰͽͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪͳͶͳͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͪ
ͻͪͲͯͪΓͳ͸ͪwͯͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹͹͸͹ͽͳ͵ͬͪͻͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͽͳͫͻͪ͵͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ
̀͸ͪͷͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͯͶͳ΂͸͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃; ͪͳͲͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪ
͈ͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͪͽͳͷ.i ͈͹ͼͶ͹ͬ͸ͪͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻͳ΁ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͶͪͱͰͷi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͉ͪͲ;ͷͰ͹ͼͪͷ͵ͪ͹ͯͪ͸ͰͷͪͬͰͲͰͼͬͰͲ͹ͷi
̹͍t̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t̀ͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͫͳͽ͸͹ͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͼͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷͫͰͲ
͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͳͶͳͬͰͻ;w΃ͽͪͭ͹ͯ.i ̸ͻ΀ͳͽͰ͵ͽͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t̀͸ͪͷͺͪͻΓ;ͯͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͳͲͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪ ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͬͰͻͪͳΒͰͯ
͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪw ͳ ͸ͳͭͯͰ ͸ͳͼͪͷ ͬͳͯͰ͹ ͸ͳ ͽͻ;͸͵; ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΃
͹ͺͰͽw̸ͬͳΌͪ͹ͼͪͷͳΓ;ͯͰ<͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ– ̹͍>͋͹ΒͰͽ͹ ͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ ͼͪͯΒͪͺͻͳ
΂ͪͷw͸ͳΒͰͫͻͪ͵ ͪͶͳͺ͹Ͷ;ͫͻͪ͵͊ͰͼͽͻͪͷͳΒͰͱͳͬͰͶͪͼͪͯͰ΂͵͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ͪΒͯͰͯͪ͵ͪͱͰͷ ̹͹΃Δͪ͵
̽Ͱ΂͵͹ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ ͳͪ͵͹ ΒͰ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͸ ͸ͰͷͪͬͰͲͰͼͬͰw̸Ͷͳ͹͸͹ ͫͻͪͽͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱw͆Ͱ͵Ͱͼͽͬͪͻͳ͹͸͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳ ͯͰ΂͵͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ͸ Ͳ͸ͪ΃
͊ͪͯͯͰͬ͹Β͵ͪͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΃w͉͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳ͸ͪͷ ;ͷͻͶͳ ͼͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͼͪͷͳͱͳͬͳͷ͹ ͼͬͰ͹͸͹͹ͬ͹w̸ͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪͯͰͬ͹Β͵ͪ ͼͪͯͽͳ΀͹ΕͰ΃ Ͳ͸ͪ΃ ͵ͪ͹Βͪͷ͹ͭ;ͼͬͰ
ͼͪͷ ͽͳͼͳͲͪ͵;Ε;͈ͪͫͻͪͽͰ ͷ͹ͱͯͪ ͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͰΕ;ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͷ;͵;Εͳ͉ͪͲ;ͷͰ΃͋͹ͼ;ͼͪͯ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰ
ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͈ͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͪΒͯͰͯͪ͵ͪͱͰ΃ͯͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹Γ;ͯͳͼ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ̸͹ͺͰͽͳͷͪͷͽͰͽ͵;͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͯͪ
ͽͪ͋Ͱͽ͵;͵͹Βͪͱͳͬͳw;;ͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͲͰͷΓͳ ͱͳͬͳ;͑ͬͰͯͼ͵͹Β ͼͪͽͳͺ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͹͸͹ͳͲ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͹͸ͪΒͰ
ͳͲ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͹͸ΒͰͳͲ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ͇͸ΒͰͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ ͹͸ͪΒͰ͊ͻͺ͵ͳΔͪ͌ͯͪͽͪͲͪΔͰͭͪ ͳͷͪΒ;ͯͰͽͰ͑ͬͰ΁ͪͷͳΒͰ
ͶͰͭͰ͸ͯͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ΃ ͼͬͰͼ;ͺͰͻ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪͶͪ͸ͫͻͪ͵͆ͳ͵ͪͯ ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳ͊ͬͰ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹ͼͽͪͫͳͶ
͸͹̸Ͷͳͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ ͽ͹ΒͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͽͰͽΓ;ͯͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ΃́ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͫͻͰ ͹͸ͳ

͵ͪͯΒͰ͹ͬͯͰͺ͹΂ͰͶ͹ͯͪ͵;ͬͪͯͪ͹ͬ͹ ͯͪ͹͸͹ ͹͸ͳͼ;Γ;ͯͳͺ͹ͫͰͭͶͳ͹ͯͪͬͯͰͭͶͪͬ͹ͷͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͆ͰΕͰ
ͫͻͰ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ΃͑ͽ͹ͫͳͻͰ͵͹͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͲ͹ͬͰ΂͹ͬͰ͵wͳͲͅ͹ͼͽͪͻͪͫͻͰwͺͰͼ͸ͳ͵w̸ͶͰ͵ͼͪ͑ͪ͸ͽͳΕ
̀͸ͪ΃͹͸ΒͰͫͳ͹ͲͪΓ;ͫΓͰ͸;ͯͰͬ͹Β͵;͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸͵ͪͳ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͭͪͺͳͽͪͶͳw͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͪ
ΔͰͷ;ͻͰ͵ͶͪͯͪΕͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͬͰͻ; Ͳ͸ͪ΃ ͯͪͫͳͫͳͶͪͼͪΔͳͷ ͹͸ΒͰͻͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͷͳΕͰͷ͹ͯͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ
͸ͳͷ͹ͅ͹ͼͽͪͻ Ͳ͸ͪ΃ ͽ͹ͽͳΒͰͽͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͺͻͳ΂ͪ ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ΃͡;ͯͳͼ;ͫͻͰͳͲͯͳͭ͸;ͽͳͫͻͰͳͲͽͳ΀ͼͽͬͪͻͳ
ͻͪͲ;ͷͰ΃i ͋Ͱ΀͸ͳ΂ͪͻ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ t͆Ͱ ͼͶͪͱͰͷ ͼͰ ΒͰͻ Ͳ͸ͪͷ ͷ͸͹΃ͽͬ͹ ͺͻͰͭͻ΃ͽ ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͳ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ
Βͪ͵͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃; ΂ͪ͵ ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͳͫ͹ΓͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳ ͹ͬͪΒ ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳͳͼͽͳ΀ͬͰͻͪͳͶͳ ͽ͹
ΒͰͼͽ ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͆Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͪΒͯͰ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͬͪΒFY:VͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ
ΒͰͽ͹ͫͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻ ͱͰ͸͎ͪͻͬͪͽͳ΁ͪ ͷ;ͱ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪ΁ ̹͹ͼͪ͸ͪ΁ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ
͸ͪ΁ͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͿͪͶͰͳͽͻͰͫͪΒ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͪ͵ͪ͹͹͸͹
ͺͻͪͬΓͰΔͰͷ͹ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ ͼͺͪΒͪΔͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹wi
̹͍t̀ͪ΃ͽ͹ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪͽͻͰͫͪ͸ͪͷ͸Ͱ͵ͪͽͪͿ;ͲͳΒͪ͆Ͱ͵͹ͼͺͪΒͪΔͰ͆Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹΀ͰͲͳΒͪͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͯͬͰͬͰͻͰ
ͯͬͪͫͻͪ͵ͪ ͯͬͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͱͳͬͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͻͳͷͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͬͳ΃Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ
ͅͳͼͶͳͷͲͪͷͰ͸Ͱ ͫͪͻͰͷͲͪͷͰ͸Ͱ ͸ͳΒͰͬͪͱ͸͹͵͹ΒͰw͵͹ΒͰͭΕͰ͹͸ͪͫͳͽͳͻ͹ͯͪ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ
͵ͪwͯͪͶͳΕͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͯͻ;ͭͰͻͪͼͰ ͬͰͻͰ ͫ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͱͰ̽ͪͷ͹Βͼͳ͸ ͵ͪ͹͸͹ͼͳ
ͷ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͲͳͷͰ ͯͪΒͪͼͶͪͬͳͷͼͪͷ͹ͼͬ͹Β;ͼͶͪͬ;͋͹ΒͰͷͰ͸ͳ͸Ͱͫͳͽ͸͹ͅͳͼͶͳͷ ͫͳͽ͸͹ΒͰ ͪͶͳͼͺ͹ͻͰͯ
͸͹͆ͳΒͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͵Γ;΂͸͹Ͳͪͱͳͬ͹ͽi ͆ͳͱͳͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪ΁;ͼ;ͺͰͻͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ
t͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͈ͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͪͼͪͷͭͪͯͪ Ͳͪͳͼͽͪ ͪ͵͹ͼ; ͳͲͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ ͹ͬͪΒ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͫͻͪ

͵͹ͬͪ ͪͷ͹ͱͯͪͳͲͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪͯͪͽ͹ ͹ͬͪΒ ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪ
ͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳ ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͫ;ͯ;͊ͬͰͽ͹Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳΓ;ͯͳ ͹ͯ
Βͪ΂ͳ͸ͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͬͰͲͪ ͹ͯΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹͵ͪ͵͹ͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΒ;ͳ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͼ; ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͫͻͪ΂͸ͳ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͬͳ ͳw ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͷͳͼͶͳͷ ͯͪ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͻͪi
͈Ͱ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻ͵ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͈ͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͫͪ΃ͽ͹ͽͪͶ͸͹ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹͌ͬͰ͵ͼͪͷͺ͹ͷͳͼͶͳͶͪͼͪͷ͹͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͯͪͼ;
ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳw ͷͳͼͶͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸; ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͫͻͪ͵ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͯͬ͹ΒͰ
Γ;ͯͳ ͪ ͸Ͱ ͯͬͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͋ͪ͵͹ ͼͪͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪ ͠Ͱͯͳ͸͹ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰi ͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪͽ͹ͯͪͪ͵͹ΒͰ ΃ͽͪΒͪͲ͸ͪͷ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͬͰͻͰͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ ͯͬ͹ΒͰΓ;ͯͳ ͯͪͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱ;ͪ͠

ͷͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͷ͹ͭ;Γ;ͯͳͯͪͼͰͼͶͪͱ;ͫͳͶ͹͵͹ΒͰͬͰͻͰͫͳͶͳͳ͵͹ΒͰͫ͹ΒͰͳ΃ͽͪΒͪͲ͸ͪͷͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͽ͹
͸ͳΒͰͫͳͽ͸͹̸͵͹ͼͰͯͬ͹ΒͰͬ͹ͶͰͳͼͶͪͱ;ͼͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷw΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͵ͪͱͰ΀ͰͷͳΒͳ ͹͸ͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͽ͹i ͈͹ͻͽͳͻ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳw͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪwͯͪͼͰΓ;ͯͳͼͶͪͱ;
͸ͰͷͪͬͰͲͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Γ;ͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ̽ͪͶͳͼͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΁ ͎ͻͬͪͽ ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͪ΁̽ͪͼ;Γ;ͯͳΓ;ͯͳ
͊ͬͳͼͷ͹ͳͼͽͳ ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͹͸͹͵ͪͱͰi ̽͹ͷͪͻ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi

́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ t͈ͪ ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ Ͱͽ͹w Βͪ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ ͹͸͹ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ ͼͪͷ ͊Ͷ͹ͬͪ͵ ͳ ͽͪͷ͹ ͵͹ͯ ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͽͳ ΒͰw
ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͳͷͪͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͳͷͪͺ͹ͶͪͼͰͶͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͳ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪ ͹͸͹ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹
́ͼͽ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͪͼ;ͳͼͽͰ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ̀͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳi ͉ͪͯ͸ͳ͵–ͬ͹Ͳͪ΂ͬͳΓ;΃͵ͪͻͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼͪͷͭͪͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͷ͹ͱͯͪͬͰͻͪͳͶͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ;
ͼ͵ͶͪͺͪΔ;ͯ͹ͫͻͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͫͻͪ΂͸͹ͭͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΓͰͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͽ͹ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹
͸ͳΒͰͳͼͽͳ͸ͪͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪΒͰ͹ͺͰͽͽ͹ͼͬͰͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͳͯͪ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓ;ΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͬͰͻͪͳͶͳ
ͫͳͶ͹΃ͽͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͫ;͵ͬͪͶ͸͹ͯͪͶͳΒͰͯ͹ͫͪͻͳͶͳͶ͹΃́ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹i ͉ͪ΂;͸ͪͻͼ͵ͳͽͰ΀͸ͳ΂ͪͻ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͈ͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪ̀͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳͼͰͼͶͪͱͰͷ ͸ͳͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷ̀ͪͽ͹

΃ͽ͹ ΃ͽͪͲ͸ͪͷ͌͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͆ͰͲ͸ͪͷ̸͵͹ͼ;͹ͺͰͽͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳwͺͪ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ
ͳͲ͹͸͹ͭ΃ͽ͹ͼͪͷw͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ ͷ͹ͱͯͪͭͶͰͯͪͶͪ͸ͰͭͯͰ͸ͪͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͳ͆ͰͲ͸ͪͷ ͽͪ͵͹͸Ͱ͵ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰͺͪ
ͬͳͯͰͶͪͼͪͷͯͪͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃;ͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀̀͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳͫͻͪ
͵͹ͬͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃;̾ͼͪͯ ͵ͪͱͰͷ ͸ͳͽͳw͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪwͲ͸ͪ΃i ͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͪ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt̾ͬ͹ ͵ͪͱͰͷ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͷ͹Βͳͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͳ̽ͳͬͪ͸ͫͻͪ͵ ͯ͹͵ ͼͰͽ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͻͪͼͽ;ͻͳͶ͹

͑ͽͪͼͪͯ ͻͪͼͽ;ͻͳͶ͹ ͻͪͼͽ;ͻͳͶ͹ͼͰ̸Ͷͳͻͪͼͽ;ͻͳͶ͹ͼͰͲͫ͹ͭΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷͪ͆Ͱͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳ
Γ;ͫͪͬͳ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͪͶ͵͹΀͹Ͷ΂ͳͼͽ͹̸ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͷͯ͹ͼͽͪͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳͼ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;
ͫͻͪ͵;͆Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͊ͪͷ͹ͽ;ΒͰΓ;ͫͪͬ ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼͰͼͶͪͬͳwͪ͵͹ͼͳͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸
ͽͪ͸ ͪ͵͹ΒͰͱͰ͸ͪͳͶͳͷ;΃͵ͪͻͪ΁͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵ͳͶͳͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ ͳͶͳ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ͵͹ΒͰͬͰͻͰ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͫͳͽ͸͹ ͹͸ͯͪ;ͲͷͳΔͰͭ͹̹ͬ͹ͱͳΕ ΔͰ͸̹͹ͱͳΕ ΔͰͭ͹̹ͬ͹ͱͳΕ ͽͬ͹Β̹͹ͱͳΕ͊ͬͰͽ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳw͠ͰͶ
ͽͪ͵͹ ̽ͪͼͰͼͶͪͬͳ̀͸ͪ΂ͳͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪΒͰͬͻͶ͹ͫͳͽ͸̸ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͷͪ΃ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ;͸Ͱͷͪ΃͸ͳ΃ͽͪi
͈Ͱ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻ͵ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪtͅͳͼͶͳͷͯͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪΒ;͆ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
̹͍t͊ͪͯͪͷͳͻͰ΁ͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪͳ͵͹Β;ͼͳͳͷͪͶͪͯͳͶͰͷ; i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪtͅͳͼͶͳͶͪͼͪͷͯͪΒͰͽ͹͸Ͱ͵ͳͳͼ͵ͪͲi
̹͍t̽ͪͫͳͽͪ͵͹ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ ͪ͸ͰͯͪΒͰͽͪ͵͹͠ͰͶ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͳͼͶͳ΃ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt̽ͪ ͯͪ ͯͪwͯͪͫͳͽͪ͵͹ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ̽ͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳi
̹͍t̸ͽͬ͹Β͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt̽ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳi
̹͍t̾ͼͪͯͪͷͳͻͰ΁ͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹ͷͳͼͶͳ΃ͯͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ̓ͪ͵͹ͼͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͪ͹ͬ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒ;
͹ͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ͵͹Βͳͼͳͽͳ͹ͬͯͰ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͈ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳ͊ͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳͯͪͼ;͹͸ͳͬͰΕ
;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͬͰΕͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵Ͳͫ͹ͭͽͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰΓ;ͫͪͬͳ ͼ͵ͶͪͺͪΔͪͽ͹ͭͫͻͪ͵ͪ ͳͯͪͼ;Βͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͰͽͰͳͼͽͰ

͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͬͰͻͰ ͵͹ΒͰ;ͶͪͲͰ ; ͫͻͪ͵͋ͪ͵͹ͯͪͷͳͼͶͳͷ ͯͪͲͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪi ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͵ͳΔͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͇ͺͰͽ͸Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͼͬͰΒͰͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹͊ͬͰͲͪͬͳͼͳ͹ͯͯͬ͹ΒͰΓ;ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
͸ͪΌ; ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͼ;wͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ ͽ;;ͽͳ΂;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ́ͳͲ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱͼ;ͳͼͪ͵ͪ͵ͬͳͷΓ;ͯͳ
ͷͪͼ;ͼͰͯͻ;ͱͳͶͳ͇ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͫͳͽͪ͸Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰͳ͸ͪ΃Ͱw͸ͪ΃͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ͸ͪ΃ͪͶͳ΂
͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪ΃ͽͰͷͺͰͻͪͷͰ͸ͽ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳͯͪ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͷ͹͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷͳ
ͼͰ ͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΓͰ͋ͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹i ͊ͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͵ͳΔͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͳͽͳͼͰͼͶͪͱͰͷ
͸ͳͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͊΀ͬͪͽͳ͹ͼͪͷͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹w;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳi
̹͍t̸ΒͯͰ͹͸ͯͪͻͰ΁ͳͷͳ͵ͪ͵͹Ͳͪ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͵ͪ͵͹Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͰ̽ͪͶͳͽ;ͳͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ
͵Ͱ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͌ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳw;ͼͷͳͼͶ;͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͽ;ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͪͅͳͼͶͳͷͷ͹ͻͪw͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͷ͹ͻͪ ͪͶͳ;ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ
͑ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀w ͸Ͱ ͷͳͼͶͳͷ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ; ͼͷͳͼͶ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͼͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷ ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷw ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪ ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ ͎͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͳΒͪ ͸Ͱͫͳͽ͸͹ ͽ; ͷͳͼͶͳͷ ͯͪ ΂ͪ͵ ͳ ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͪͳ͸Ͱͼ;ͭͶͪͼͳ΁ͪi
̹͍t̓ͪͯͪ͵ͪͱͰ΃ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳ΃͸ͪ΁Ͱ͹ͼͬͰͽ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵tͅͳͼͶͳͷ͸ͪ΁Ͱ͹ͼͬͰͽ͑ͽ͹ͼͰͽͳ΂Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓ̸ͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ͫͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͫͪ΃ͷͳͼͶͳͷͯͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͪi
̹͍t̸Ͳͪ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͲͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵t͈ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ ͸Ͱͼ;ͭͶͪͼͳ΁ͪ ͵͹΃͵ͪΔͪ͊ͪͷ͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ́͸ͪ
΂Ͱ ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͺͳͽͪͶ͹Ͳͪ;͵;ͺ͸͹΁Ͱ͹ͼͬͰͽ͹͸ͯͪͫͳ΀ͻͰ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͵ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ̀ͫ͹ͭ͹ͬͪ͵͹Ϳ͹ͻͷ;
Ͷͳͼͪ͸͹ͭ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͵ͪͱͰͷ ͫͻ͹Β i ͑ͰͿ ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ ; ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ͷ ͷͳ͵ͻ͹ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt͸ͳͽͳͼͰͼͶͪͱͰͷ ͸ͳͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͋͹ ͼͪͷ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͺ͹ͷͳͼͶͳͶͪ ͌ͬͰ͵ ͼͪͷͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪͶͪ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͫͳ΀ Βͪ ͼͰ

;ͯͪͶͪͲͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭͼͽͻͪ͸΁ͪͯͪΒͰ ͽ͹͇̓̓ͪ͹Γ;ͫͪͬͼͰͻ͹ͯͳwͼͬͰ̸Ͷͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ ͲͪͷͳͼͶͳ͹͸
ͼͪͯͪͺͻͳ΂ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ Βͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͅͳͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͫͪ΃ͼͬͰͯͪͷ;͵ͪͱͰͷ
΃ͽ͹ͫͳ΀ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ͋͹ͷͳΒͰ͹͸ͯͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹w͸Ͱͫͳ΀w͸Ͱͬͳͯͳͷͽ;͵ͪ͹΂ͬͻͼͽͳ͸;ͯͪͼͪͯ
ͷͳw̸ͷͳͼͶͳͷ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼͪͷ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͪͶͪ͋͹ͷͳͽͪ͵͹ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ Ͳͪͽ͹ͼͪͷͽ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͬͰͲͪͶͪ͸ͪ
͹ͬ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͅͳͼͶͳͷ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͯͪͯͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͪͶͳwi
̹͍t̸ͶͳͻͰ΁ͳͷ͹ͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͳͼͽͳΒͰͲͳ͵̽ͪͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ ͪͶͳͯͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰͳͼͽͳ
ΒͰͲͳ͵̽ͪͶͳͫͳ͹ͺͰͽͳͼͽ͹ i
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͇ͺͰͽͳͼͽ͹͉Ͱ΁ͳͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪͷ ͳͲ̹͹ͼ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ͇́̓ ͼͬͰΒͰͽ͹ͼ;ͺͰͻ
͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ̸Ͷͳ͹ͺͰͽͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͯͰͼͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹͹͸ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͽͪ͵͹ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ;
͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;w͹͸ͷ͹ͱͯͪͽ͹͸Ͱͳͼ͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͪͶͳ;͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;ͳͼ͵͹΂ͳͽ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͽͳ
͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ΃ͯͪͼͰͼ͸ͪΌͰ΃̸Ͷͳ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͯͪͼͳͼͪͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͹͸ͯͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ΃ͯͪͽ͹ͭͪ͸ͰͷͪͅͳͼͶͳͷ

Ͳ͸ͪ΃ ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼͳͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪ͸ ͪͶͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰwi ͆ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻtͼͶͪ
ͱͰͷͼͰi
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪt͌Ͳͷ;ͼͰ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻwͯͪͺ͹ΌͰͷ͹ͯͷ͹ΒͰΕͰͻ͵Ͱ ΒͪͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͻͰͺͳͷ͇͸ͪΒͰ;ͲͰ

ͶͪwͪͶͳͽͪΒΔͰͲͳ͸ͷ;ͱ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͳͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪͅΒ͵ͪͷ;ΒͰͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͺ͹ͬͪΕͰͻ͵ͪ ͪ͹ͽͪ΁΀͹Θͳ͸
ͼͳ͸́ͼͪͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͺͻͳ΂ͪΒ;͹͋;ͻ΁ͳͷͪ ͷͰ͸ͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͼͻ΁ͰͶ;ͺͪ΃ͽͪΕͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰͅ͹ͱͰͼͬͪ΃ͽͪͯͪͼͰ
ͯͰͼͳ͇ͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹͸ͳͼ;ͳͼͽͳwi ͈Ͱ͸Ͳͳ͹͸Ͱͻ͵ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻt;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͼͶͪͱͰͷi
̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͫͻͪ
͵͹ͬͪͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹͹ͽͰͱͪͬͪΒ;Εͪ ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Βͪͼͪͷ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͻͪ΂ͬͻͼͽͳ͸;ͯͳΒͪͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ
ͫͻͪ͵ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹΂ͬͻͼͽ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹ͳͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ΒͰͻ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ
;ͭͻ͹ͲͳͽͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪͼͰΒͪͬΓͪͳͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ– ͭͯͰͼͰͼ͵ͶͪͺͪΒ;ͷͰ΃͹
ͬͳͽͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳͳ͵͹ͳ΀ͼ͵Ͷͪͺͪ ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ

͈ͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ΁ͳΓͪΒ;ΒͪͬΓͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹ ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͳ ; ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ 'JMJQPWJǀ
́ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪͪͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͲͻͪͲͳͶͳ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͰͼͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͷͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷ
ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͶͳt;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰ͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷiͳͶͳt͸ͰͼͶͪͱͰͷͼͰi
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͽͺͳͽͪΔͰ
t̽ͪͶͳͷͳͼͶͳͽͰͯͪ ͼ;ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳ;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ i͌͵;ͺ͸͹΂Ͱͽͳ
ͻͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͶ͹ΒͰͯͪͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳ͸ͳͼ;;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹ͼͽͪ
Ͷͳ͇ͬ͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;ͫͳͷ͹ͱͯͪͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͺͻͳͯ͹ͯͪͽͳͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͽͬͻͯͳͯͪͼ;ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹
ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳ tͷ͹ͱͯͪ ͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳ ͷͳͼͶͳͷ ͯͪ ΒͰͼ;i
͇ͼͽͪͶͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ ͫͻͪ͸ͳͶͳ ͼ;
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͹ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͹ͬ͹ͭͺ͹ͽͺͳͽͪΔͪ
̸ͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͵ͳΔͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹ͼͰ
ͫ͸͹ΒͰ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬͪ́ͪ͵͹ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͽͬͻͯͳͯͪͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͳΒͰͷͪΔͪ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ΀ͫͻͪ
͵͹ͬͪ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺ͹͸;ͯͳͶͪ΂ͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͷͼͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂͸ͳͷͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸ͳͷ͆ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽ
͵͹Βͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͳͶͳ ͫͳ ͷ͹ͭͶͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͰΕͳ ;ͼͶͰͯ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͪΒͰ΂ͬͻͼͽͳ͸ͳͯͳΒͪͯ͸ͰͬͰͲͰͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹Β͸ͪΓ;ͫͪͬͳ t͊ͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͷͰ΃͹ͬͳͽͳ
ͯͪͼ;͹͸ͳͬͰΕ ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͬͰΕͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵Ͳͫ͹ͭͽͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ Γ;ͫͪͬͳwi
̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹
ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͼͰͳͺͪ͵ ͬͳͯͳ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͸ͪ ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ ͵͹Β; ͺͻͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͪͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͻͱͰ
͸͹ͼͽͼ;ͺͻ;ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ͋Ͱ΃͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽͳͯͪͫͳ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͫͳͶ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ ;͵͹
Ͷͳ͵͹ͫͳͼͷ͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͶͳ͸ͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͰΕͰͷ;Ͳ͹ͻ͵;
͈ͻͳͷͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͷ͹ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͵ͪ͵͹
ͫͳͼͷ͹;͵ͪͲͪͶͳ͸ͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ΂ͪ͵ͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͳͼ͵ͪͲͪͲͪ͵͹Βͳͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͳͼ;
ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͳ ͯͪ ͳͷ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͫͳͶ͹ ͵͹Βͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͸ͰΒͪͼͪ͸ ͳͶͳ ͬͳ΃ͰͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸ ͈͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ΒͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽͪ͸ ;
ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͪͷͫͳͬͪͶͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͺͻͪͷͺͳͽͪΔͪͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ
̸̸̀̓͌͐̓͡
͈͹͵;΃ͪͶͳ ͼͷ͹ ͯͪ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ ͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͼ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸͹ͷ ; ͠ͳ͵͹ͬ͹ͷ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ; ͻͰ΂ͳ

ͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͳͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̀ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ

ͅ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΃ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ;;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͸Ͱ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸͆Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰ
͸ͪ΃Ͱ ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳͼͷ͹ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͳͯͰͪͶ ͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;

t͹ͺͳͽͪi͹ͯͪͫͻͪͶͳͼͷ͹ͼͰͽͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪΒ;;͸ͳͲ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͽͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͻͰΕͳͯͪ
ͳͷͪΒ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͯ;ͭ;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;;ͯ͹ͷͪΕ͹Βͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ͆ͪͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ Ͳͫ͹ͭ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ
ͺͪͱΔ; ͼͷ͹ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͳͶͳ ͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ ͯͬͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͅ͹ͻͪͷ͹ ͳͼͽͪΕͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪ΃ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ; ;
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͸Ͱ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸͆Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰͫͳͶ͹͹ͼͷͳ
΃ΓͰ͸͹ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳͼͷ͹ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͳͯͰͪͶ ͽͻͳͪ͸ͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ; ͺ͹Βͪͬͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ
͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͪ ; ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱ ͺͪͱΔͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸Ͱ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͊ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͬͪͶͳͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ
͵͹Βͪͼ;͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͪ;͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͳͷͪͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͼͷ͹
ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪͶͳͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪͳͼ͵ͪͲͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷͳ΀ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ
͵ͪ΁ͪ͌ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͺͻͬ͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪ t̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͽͰͷͰΓΒͰ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ
ͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪi
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ΒͰͬͳ΃ͰͳͶͳͷͪΔͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͳͼͽͪ͵ͶͪͯͪΒͰͳͼ͵ͪͲ͸ͰΒͪͼ͸͹Ϳ͹ͻͷ;
Ͷͳͼͪ͸ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;ͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͌ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪ t͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͰ΃͹
ͬͳͽͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯͻ;ͭͳͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͳi
ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪͽͳͯͪΒͰͬͪͶͳ
ͯ͸͹ͼͽ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺ͹ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͯͪͼ;ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΁ͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͶͳͼͷͳͼͪ͹ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͠͹΃ͬͪͱ
͸ͳΒͰ ; ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ ;͹΂ͳͽͳ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ ͵͹ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͵ͬͪ͸ͽͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͳ
͵ͬͪͶͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͶͪͱ;ͼͪͳͼ͵ͪͲ͹ͷ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͷ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͳ͹ͯͪͯ;ͫΓͰ ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺ͹ͽͺͳͽͪΔͪ
;ΌͰͷ͹;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀
ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪͼͪͷͰ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͫͻͪ͵͹ͬͪ

̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
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̸̸̸̸̸͉̺͉͎͇̺͎͇̺́̈́́͆͆́͊͌͋̽́͆͘͘ͅͅ1
̸̸̸̸̸̸͉̺͉͕̺̻͉͇̺̈́́͊̈́̾̾͆́͑̓
͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵ͳʹͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸ΆʹͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽ
̓ͪͿͰͯͻͪͬͼͰ͹ͫ΄Ͱʹͳͼͽ͹ͻͳͳͳͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͳͺͻͰͺ͹ͯͪͬͪ͸ͳΊͳͼͽ͹ͻͳͳͳ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳΊ
͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭ ͉͹ͼͼͳΊ
̸̻͉́͆͋̾͏͇͔͈͉͇́͆͆̾͏̸͔̾͊͊͆
̸͈͇͇̺͇͈͉͇͉̺͊͋͊̾͋͊̓͊͋͆͊͋̾ͅ
̸̸͇͆͆͋͏́͘ ͉ͪͲͬͪͶ͉͊͊͊ͬͭ͹ͯ;͸Ͱ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͰͽ ΂ͽ͹ͬͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͽͽΊͭ͹

ͽͰ͸ͳΊ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͹ͬ ͫΆͬ΃ͳ΀ ͼ͹ΉͲ͸Ά΀ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰ ͼͽͪͶͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽ͹ΊͽͰͶ·͸Άͷͳ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪͷͳ ͵
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ͉͹ͼͼͳΊ͸ͰͼͽͻͰͷͳͽͼΊ͵Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΉͬ͹͵ͻ;ͭͼͰͫΊͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ·͸Ά΀Ͱʹ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳʹ
ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽ͇ͬ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹Ͱͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ͹ͼͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ΆͷͳͼͳͶͪͷͳͷͳͻͪ ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸ΆͷͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άͷͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͷͳ͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸;Ήͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΉ͸ͪͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰͷΆ
ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͸Άͻͪͼͼͷͪͽͻͳͬͪͽ·͵ͪ͵͹ͯͳ͸ͳͲͬͪͱ͸Ά΀ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͹ͬͬ͸Ͱ΃͸Ͱʹͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ͊͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸ΆͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆ ͸ͪͫͶΉͯͪͰͷΆͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ ͳͷͰΉͽͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΉͼ͹΂Ͱ
ͽͪͽ·ͬͼͰͫͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰͯ͹ͼͽͳͱͰ͸ͳΊͼ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽΊͷͳΈͽ͸͹ͼ͹ͬ ;΂ͪͼͽͬ;Ή΄ͳ΀ͬͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹
Ͱ͵ͽͰ͇ͯ͸͹ʹͳͲ͸͹ͬͰʹ΃ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͼ΀ͰͷͷΆͷ͹ͱͰͷͼ΂ͳͽͪͽ·̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳʹ͖͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ
͊͹ΉͲ̺͸ͪͼͽ͹Ί΄ͳʹͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆͻͪͲͬͳͬͪΉͽͼΊͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͺͻͳ΃Ͱͯ΃Ͱͭ͹͸ͪͼͷͰ͸;
̾ͬͻ̸Ͳ͖͊ͷ͹΄͸͹ͭ͹͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ– ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹͖͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱ
ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͊͹ΉͲͪ ̸͖̾͊
͖͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΊ ͬ ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͺͻ͹
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͬΆͭ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͼͰͷ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͷ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ̹ͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼͼͳͳ ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸; ̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳͳ ̓ͳͻͭͳͲͳͳ ͈ͰͻͼͺͰ͵
ͽͳͬΆ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΉͽ ͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪ ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ ;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ί Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ʹ
ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻΆͯͶΊͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊͷͰͱͯ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ ͬ΀͹ͯΊ΄ͳͷͳ̸͖ͬ̾͊
̺Έͽ͹ͷ ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳͳͫ͹Ͷ·΃;Ήͻ͹Ͷ·ͳͭͻͪͰͽͭ͹ͻ͹͇ͯͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵͹ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͺ͹Ͷ͹
ͱͰ͸ͳͰ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹ͭ͹ͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶΊͰͽͬ͵ͶΉ΂ͳͽ·ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͬͼͳͼͽͰͷ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͲͳͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹ͬͪͻ͸Ά΀ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͳ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼ͹ͬΆ΀͹ͫͷͰ͸͹ͬ ͷͰͱ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸Ά΀͵͹ͷͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳʹ
̺͔̓̈́͗͐̾̾ ̸͇̺͊̈́ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΊ ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳʹ ͖͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ
͊͹ΉͲ ̸͖̾͊
1
IJTBNVUEJOPWB@JOCPY.ru

̸̸͎͇̺́͊͌͋̽́͆ͅ ̸̸̻͉͇̺́͑̓́͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ
͆ͪͼͰͭ͹ͯ͸Ί΃͸ͳʹͯͰ͸·;ͺ͹ͯͪͬͶΊΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͰʹΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺ͹
Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ ΈͶͳͽ ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ ͸Ͱͽ ͱͰͶͪ͸ͳΊ ͬ͹Ͳͻ͹ͯͳͽ· ͊͹ͬͰͽͼ͵ͳʹ ͊͹ΉͲ ͇ͯ͸ͪ͵͹
ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͳ ͻΊͯͪ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΉͽ ΂ͽ͹ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸ ͼ ͻΆ͸͹΂͸͹ʹ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵͹ʹ ͫ;ͯͰͽ
;ͼͽ͹ʹ΂ͳͬΆͷͬͽ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪͰ ͰͼͶͳͺͻ͹ͳͲ͹ʹͯͰͽͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͷͰͱͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸
͸Ά΀͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳʹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸Ά΀͸ͪͬͲͪͳͷ͹ͬΆͭ͹ͯ͸Ά΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀΀͹ͲΊʹͼͽͬͪ΀͊ͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹͼͽ͹ͻ͹
͸Ά ͼͰͭ͹ͯ͸Ί ͸ͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ ͳͲ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ ͸Ͱ ͼͷ͹ͱͰͽ ͽ͹Ͷ·͵͹ ͼ͹ͫͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άͷͳ ͼͳͶͪͷͳ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͼͽ͹Ίͽ·
ͽͪ͵ͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸ΆͷͬΆͲ͹ͬͪͷͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͻͪ΄ͪΉ΄ͳʹͼΊ͵ͻͳͲͳͼ͸̹ͪͶͳͱ͸Ͱͷ̺͹
ͼͽ͹͵Ͱ ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ΆʹͽͰͻͻ͹ͻͳͲͷ Έ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰ͵͹ͶͶͪͺͼΆͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͱͯͻ;ͭ͹Ͱ
͖ʹͿ͹ͻͳΊ ͼ;΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͬ΃ͪΊ͉͍ͬͼ͸ͪ΂ͪͶͪ΀ͭͭͺ͹ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ;ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͼ̀ͪͺͪͯ͹ͷ ;΃Ͷͪ
ͬͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹Ͱ́͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸;ΉͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΉͼͰͭ͹ͯ͸Ί΃͸Ͱʹ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶΊͰͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ̺ͷͪͻͽͰ
ͭͺͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ͊͹Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸͸Ά΀͑ͽͪͽ͹̸ͬͷͰͻͳ͵ͳ̹͇ͫͪͷͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͼͼ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳͳͼͺͻͰͷ·Ͱͻ
ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻ͹ͷ͆ͳͯͰͻͶͪ͸ͯ͹ͬͪͅͻ͵͹ͷ͉ΉͽͽͰͬΆͼ͵ͪͲͪͶͼΊ͹͸ͪ΃Ͱʹͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹͯͰͻ
ͱͪͬͰ͈ͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ̸͊͑ͲͪΊͬͳͶj͉͹ͼͼͳΊ— ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ͪΊͯͰͻͱͪͬͪ ͳ͸ͰͳͲͲͪͼͳͶΆ ͪͳͲͲͪͼͬ͹Ͱʹ
ͼͶͪͫ͹ͼͽͳΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ;ͭͻ͹Ͳ͹ʹͯͶΊ͸Ͱ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ͼͬ͹ͳ΀ͼ͹ͼͰͯͰʹwv ͍ͻ͹Ͷ͹ͬ ͼ
̾ͼͶͳͬͲΊͽ·
ͬ͹ͬ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳͰͽ͹ ΂ͽ͹ͼ͹ͼͰͯ͸ͳͷͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͷͳͯͶΊ͸ͰͰΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊͽͰͱͰ͊͹Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸͸ΆͰ͑ͽͪͽΆ ͼͬ͹
ͼͽ͹͵ͪ
͘ͺ͹͸ͳΊ ̓͹ͻͰΊ ̓ͳͽͪʹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸͗ͱ͸͹ʹ̸Ͳͳͳ ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰ̹Ͷͳͱ͸ͳʹ̺͹ͼͽ͹͵ ͽ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͽͼΊ
͹΂Ͱͬͳͯ͸Άͷ ΂ͽ͹͉͹ͼͼͳΊͯ͹ͬ͹Ͷ·͸ͪΊͼͬ͹Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͸ͪΊjͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ͪΊvͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
͉͹ͼͼͳΊ͸ͰͼͽͻͰͷͳͽͼΊ͵Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΉͬ͹͵ͻ;ͭͼͰͫΊͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ·͸Ά΀Ͱʹ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳʹͭ͹ͼ;
ͯͪͻͼͽ͇ͬ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹Ͱͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ͹ͼͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Άͷͳ ͼͳͶͪͷͳͷͳͻͪ ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸ΆͷͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Άͷͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͷͳ
͈ͻ͹ͿͰͼͼ͹ͻͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ;͵;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͪ͆·Ή͂͹ͻ͵ͪͳ̓͹Ͷ;ͷͫͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͼͳͽͰͽͪ
͊ͳ͸ͽͳΊ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹ͽͷͰ΂ͪͰͽ ΂ͽ͹ ͺ͹ͷͰͻͰ͸ͪͻͪ΄ͳͬͪ͸ͳΊΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͷ͹΄ͳ ͉͹ͼͼͳΊͺͻͰͯͺ͹΂ͳ
ͽͪͰͽͻͪͼͼ΂ͳͽΆͬͪͽ·͸ͪ ͼͰͫΊ ͸ͪ ͼ͹ͫͼͽͬͰ͸͸ΆͰ ͼͳͶΆ ;ͽͻͪ΂ͳͬͪΊͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͵ ͺͻͳͼ͹Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉ͵ jͲͪ
ͺͪͯ͸Άͷ͵Ͷ;ͫͪͷvͽͳͺͪ̾͊ͳ̸͇͇͆͋͸ͪͼ΂ͳͽͪͰͽ ΂ͽ͹ͫ͹ͶͰͰ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͸ͪΊͬͼͰͫͰ ͫ͹ͶͰͰͫ͹ͭͪͽͪΊΈ͸Ͱͻ
ͭ͹ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͷͳͳͫ͹ͶͰͰͪͬͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ͸ͪΊ͉͹ͼͼͳΊͺ͹ʹͯͰͽ͸Ͱͺ͹ͺ;ͽͳ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸ͳΊͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪͼͽ͹ʹ
ͱͰ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ͹ʹ ͸͹ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͳ ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳΊͯͬ;΀̾ͬͻ͹ͺ– ͹ͯ͸͹ʹͺ͹ͯͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ̾͊ͳ̸͇͆͋ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹ–
ͬ͹͵ͻ;͉ͭ͹ͼͼͳͳ ͹ͽ͹ͯͬͳ͸;ͽ͹ʹ͸ͪͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΉ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͸͹ʹ͵ͼ͹ΉͲ;ͼjͺͶ͹΀ͳͷͳvͻͰͱͳͷͪͷͳͬ̾ͬͻͪ
Ͳͳͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪ΀w ͉͹ͼͼͳΊ ͌͵ͻͪͳ͸ͪ ̹ͰͶͪͻ;ͼ·ͳ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͼ–

͊͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸ΆͰ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆ ͸ͪͫͶΉͯͪͰͷΆͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ
ͳͷͰΉͽͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΉͼ͹΂Ͱͽͪͽ·ͬͼͰͫͰ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰͯ͹ͼͽͳͱͰ͸ͳΊͼ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽΊͷͳΈͽ͸͹ͼ͹ͬ ;΂ͪͼͽ
ͬ;Ή΄ͳ΀ͬͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽͰ
͉͹ͼͼͳΊͼͳͶ·͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͺͪͷΊͽ·Ή̺͹ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪ΀ ͼ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͷͳ͉͊͊͊ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻ
ͱͳͬͪͶͯͻ;ͱͰͼ͵ͳͰ͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͵͹ͷ;ͺ͹ͷ͹ͭͪͶ ͹΂Ͱ͸·ͼͳͶ·͸Άͺͻ͹ͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳͰ͸ͪͼͽͻ͹Ͱ͸ͳΊ͈͹Έͽ͹
ͷ;ͻ͹Ͷ·͉͹ͼͼͳͳ͵ͪ͵͵͹͸ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͳͻ;Ή΄Ͱͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͼͳͶΆͯͪͶͰ͵͹͸Ͱͳͼ΂Ͱͻͺͪ͸͉ͪͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸;Ήͳ͸ͽͰ
ͭͻͪ΁ͳΉ͸ͪͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰͷΆͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͸Άͻͪͼͼͷͪͽͻͳͬͪͽ·͵ͪ͵͹ͯͳ͸ͳͲͬͪͱ͸Ά΀ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳ
ͽͰͽ͹ͬͬ͸Ͱ΃͸Ͱʹͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ̺ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀;͵ͪͲͪ͸͸͹ʹͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͼͰͭ͹ͯ͸Ί͹ͼ;
΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸Άʹ ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ – ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ ͳ ;ͼ͹ͬͰͻ΃Ͱ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ jͰͯͳ͸͹ͭ͹ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹

ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪv ͪ͹ͽͼΉͯͪͳͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵ͪ͹ͺͽͳͷͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬΆ΀ͳͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬΆ΀Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ͉͍͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ
͇ͯ͸͹ʹͳͲ͸͹ͬͰʹ΃ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͼ΀ͰͷͷΆͷ͹ͱͰͷͼ΂ͳͽͪͽ·̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳʹ͖͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱ
ͼ͵ͳʹ ͊͹ΉͲ ́ͯͰΊ ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳΊ ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͊͹ΉͲͪ ͫΆͶͪ ͹Ͳͬ;΂Ͱ͸ͪ ͈ͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͷ ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͆
͆ͪͲͪͻͫͪͰͬΆͷͰ΄Ͱͬͭ̽ͪ͸͸Άʹͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊͶͼΊ͵ͪ͵ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ͵͹͸ͿͰͯͰͻͪ
ͽͳͬ͸Άʹͼ͹ΉͲ΂ͶͰ͸͹̻ͬ͊͆ ͪͅ͸ͽ;ͼ͹ͬͳ̹ͰͶ·Ί͸ͳ͸͹ͬ ͼ

͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͬͲΊͶͼͬ͹Ͱ͸ͪ΂ͪͶ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͺ͹ͯͺͳͼͪ͸ͳΊ̽͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ
͹ͽͪͺͻͰͶΊͭ͹ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͳ̾ͯͳ͸͹ͭ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͖͈̾
͵;ͯͪͬ͹΃Ͷͳ̓ͪ
Ͳͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ ̓ͳͻͭͳͲͳΊͳ͌ͲͫͰ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ ̽͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͳ
̺ͷͪͻͽͰͭ͵;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͷ͖͈̾
ͺͻͳͼ͹Ͱͯͳ͸ͳͶͼΊ ͋ͪͯͱͳ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ ̽ͪ͸͸ΆͰ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͺͻͳ͸ΊͶͳͼ· Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵; ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀
ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͳͬΆͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵;͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳʹͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰ
ͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀̻͊͆j͈ͪͶ·ͷͪͺͰͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͪv ͸Ͱͼ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͸͸͹ ͺͻͳ͸ͪͯͶͰͱͳͽ͆͆ͪͲͪͻͫͪͰͬ; ͵͹ͽ͹
ͻΆʹͬΆͼͽ;ͺͳͶͼͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͽͳͬ͹ʹͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵ͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͈ͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷΆͯͶΊΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ
͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ·͸͹ʹ̸Ͳͳͳ ͬ͵ͶΉ΂ͪΊͳ͋;ͻ͵ͷͰ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸.
͈ͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͪͼ͹ͯͰͻͱͪͶͪͬͼͰͫͰͯͬͰͭͶͪͬ͸ΆͰ΁ͰͶͳ͈ͰͻͬͪΊ– ;͵ͻͰͺͶͰ͸ͳͰΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͬΊ
ͲͰʹͷͰͱͯ;ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪͷͳ;͵ͪͲͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͬͽ͹ͻͪΊ– ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ
ͼͽͻͪ͸;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵͹ͬͼ̾ͬͻ͹ͺ͹ʹͳ̸ͲͳͰʹ͖ͽͳ΁ͰͶͳͯ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͳͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ʹ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ
͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ·͸͹̸Ͳͳͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͏̸͊
͉ͪͼͺ͹ͻΊͱͰ͸ͳͰ͈ͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽͪ

͉ͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ· ͹ͺΆͽͪ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ̸Ͳͳͳ ͼͽͪͶͪ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶΊΉ΄Ͱʹ ͯͶΊ ͽ͹ͭ͹
΂ͽ͹ͫΆ ͹͵ͽΊͫͻΊ ͭ ͼ͹ͼͽ͹ΊͶ͹ͼ· ͺ͹ͯͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͰ ̺ ͈;ͽͳ͸Άͷ ͈ͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷͪ ͹ ͺͻͳͼ͹Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳͳ
͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͵ ͏̸͊ ̺ ̽;΃ͪ͸ͫͰ ͺ͹ͯͺͳͼͪ͸ ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷ
͈͹ͯͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͰͷ ͈ͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷͪ ͉͍ ͹ͽͬͰͶͪ ͼͰͫͰ
ͻ͹Ͷ·ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͹͸͹ͻͪͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͬͼͶ;΂ͪͰͬ͹Ͳ͸ͳ͵͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳΊ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͹ͬͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹
ͺͶͪ͸ͪ
͊ͶͰͯ;Ή΄ͳͷ ΃ͪͭ͹ͷ ͼͽͪͶ͹ ͺͻͳ͸ΊͽͳͰ ͸ͪ ͼͪͷͷͳͽͰ ͏̸͊ ͺͻ͹΀͹ͯͳͬ΃Ͱͷ ͬ ͹͵ͽΊͫͻͰ ͭ ͬ
͊ͪ͸͵ͽ͈ͰͽͰͻͫ;ͻͭͰ ͺͪ͵Ͱͽͪ ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶΊͬ΃ͳ΀ ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸͸͹ʹ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ
͏̸͊̾ͬͻ̸Ͳ͖͊ ͋ͪ͵ͳͷ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͳͲ͹΃Ͷ͹ ͻ͹ͱͯͰ͸ͳͰ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͪ ̓
ͭ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͶͪͼ·͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪΊ΁ͰͶ·̾ͬͻ̸Ͳ͖͊– ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ͋ͪͷ͹ͱͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹͊͹ΉͲͪ ͋͊
ͳ̾ͯͳ͸͹ͭ͹
Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͖͈̾
͈ͰͻͬΆʹͭ͹ͯͻͪͫ͹ͽΆ͋ͪͷ͹ͱͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ΉͲͪͯͪͶ͉͍ ̹ͰͶ͹
ͻ;ͼͼͳͳ ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸;ͻ͹ͼͽͬͲͪͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹͹ͫ͹ͻ͹ͽͪͬ ̈́Ͱ΃;͵͹ͬ

̺ ͸ͪͼͽ͹Ί΄ͳʹ ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼΆ ͻͪͲͬͳͬͪΉͽͼΊ ͬ ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ ͺͻͳ΃Ͱͯ΃Ͱͭ͹ ͸ͪ
ͼͷͰ͸; ̾ͬͻ̸Ͳ͖͊ ͷ͹΄͸͹ͭ͹ ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ – ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹
͖͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹͊͹ΉͲͪ ̸͖̾͊
̸͖̾͊ͼͽͪͶͯͰͽͳ΄Ͱͷ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ̹ͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼͼͳͳͳ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͪ͸͹
ΊͫͻΊͭͶͳͯͰͻͪͷͳΈͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͬͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͰͫΆͶͪͺ͹ͯͺͳͼͪ͸ͪ̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΊ ͹ ͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ
Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ ͬͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽͰ ΂Ͱͭ͹ͼΊ͸ͬͪͻΊ̸͖ͭ̾͊͸ͪ΂ͪͶͪ ͼͬ͹ΉͯͰΊͽͰͶ·
͸͹ͼͽ·͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ʹͫͪͲΆ̾ͬͻ̸Ͳ͖͊ ͋͊ͳ͖͈̾ ̽Ͱ͵Ͷͪͻͪ΁ͳΊ͹ͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ʹΈ͵͹
͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ

͊Ͱͭ͹ͯ͸Ίͼ͹ͼͽͪͬ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵͹̸͖ͬ̾͊ͼͶͰͯ;Ή΄ͳʹ
̹ͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼͼͳΊ ͼΊ͸ͬͪͻΊͭ
̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ ͼΊ͸ͬͪͻΊͭ
͉͹ͼͼͳΊ ͼΊ͸ͬͪͻΊͭ
̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳΊ ͼ͹Ί͸ͬͪͻΊͭ
̓ͳͻͭͳͲͳΊ ͼͪͺͻͰͶΊͭ
͉͹ͼͼͳΊ͸ͳ͵͹ͭ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͯͽͪͶ͵ͳͬͪͰͽ͵ͬͼͽ;ͺͶͰ͸ͳΉ̸͖͇ͬ̾͊͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͳͻ;ͰͽΈͽ͹ͽͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ
̺͉͹ͼͼͳͳ͹ͽ͸͹ͼΊͽͼΊ͵ͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ͵ͪ͵͵ͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͷ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸
͸͹ͷ; ͹ͽͬͰ΂ͪΉ΄Ͱͷ; ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͷ ΁ͰͶΊͷ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ; ͉͹ͼͼͳΊ ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͽ ͳͲ ͽ͹ͭ͹ ΂ͽ͹
ͶΉͫ͹ʹͼ͹ΉͲ ͬ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆʹͬͽΊͭͳͬͪΉͽͼͳͶ͹ʹ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͽͫΆͽ·ͺͻ͹΂͸Άͷ ͹͸ͯ͹ͶͱͰ͸͹ͼ͸͹ͬΆͬͪͽ·ͼΊ͸ͪ
ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Ͷ·͸͹ͷ ͹ͼͷΆͼͶͰ͸͸͹ͷͳͭͶ;ͫ͹͵͹ͬΆͬͰͻͰ͸͸͹ͷͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͳ͵ͪͱͯ͹ͭ͹ ͳͲͰͭ͹ ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵͹ͬ̀ͪ
͵͹ͻ͹ͽ͵ͳʹ ͼͻ͹͵ ͼͬ͹Ͱͭ͹ ͼ;΄Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ̸͖̾͊ ;ͱͰ ͳͲͷͰ͸ͳͶ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵;Ή ͵͹͸Ϳͳͭ;ͻͪ΁ͳΉ
͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ·͸͹ʹ̸Ͳͳͳͳͺͻ͹ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͳͻ͹ͬͪͶͼͬ͹ΉͱͳͲ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ·ͬ͵ͻͪʹ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͱ͸͹ʹͷͰͱͯ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ʹ͹ͫͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͵Ͱ ͵͹ͭͯͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰͰͭ͹΂ͶͰ͸Άͺ͹ͯͬͰͻͭͪͶͳͼ·ͫͰͼͺͻͰ΁ͰͯͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͷ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱ
ͼ͵͹ͷ;ͳΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ;ͯͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΉ
͖͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΊͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͬΆͭ͹ͯ
͸ͪͬͼͰͷ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͷ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ͸;ͱͰ͸ͫ͹Ͷ·΃͹ʹ͹ͫ΄ͳʹͻΆ͸͹͵ͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹ͬͳ;ͼͶ;͉͍ͭͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽ͸ͪ
ͻΆ͸͹͵̸͖̾͊͸ͰͿͽ· ͭͪͲ ͷͳ͸ͰͻͪͶΆ ͪͬͽ͹ͷ͹ͫͳͶͳ ͹ͫ͹ͻ;ͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͷͰͽͪͶͶΆ ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΉ΀ͳͷͳ΂Ͱ
ͼ͵͹ʹͺͻ͹ͷΆ΃ͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯͰͱͯ;ͳ͹ͫ;ͬ· ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽΆ̺͹ͫ΄ͰʹͼͶ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ͉͹ͼͼͳΊΈ͵ͼͺ͹ͻͽͳͻ;Ͱͽͬ
̸͖̾͊ ͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹ͬ ͸ͪ ͼ;ͷͷ; ͷͶͻͯ ͯ͹ͶͶͪͻ͹ͬ ́ͷͺ͹ͻͽͳͻ;Ͱͷ ͸ͪ ͼ;ͷͷ; ͷͶͻͯ ͯ͹ͶͶͪͻ͹ͬ
͋ͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͷ ;͉͍ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ͰͼͪͶ·ͯ͹ͬ͹ͬ͸Ͱ΃͸Ͱʹͽ͹ͻͭ͹ͬͶͰ ̹ͰͶ͹ͻ;ͼͼͳΊ ͫ͹ͶͰͰ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
ͼͽͻͪ͸ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͬ ̸͖̾͊ ͇͸ͪ Έ͵ͼͺ͹ͻͽͳͻ;Ͱͽ ͸ͰͿͽͰͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽΆ ͼͰͶ·΀͹Ͳͽ͹ͬͪͻΆ ͪͶ͵͹ͭ͹Ͷ·
ͷΊͼ͹ ͼͺͰ΁ͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵; ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳΉ΀ͳͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͺͻ͹ͷΆ΃ͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ ͫΆͽ͹ͬ;ΉͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵; ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲ͹ͻΆ
ͯͻͰͬͰͼͳ͸; ͸ͪ ͼ;ͷͷ; ͷͶͻͯ ͯ͹ͶͶͪͻ͹ͬ ́ͷͺ͹ͻͽͳͻ;Ͱͽ ͸ͪ ͷͶͻͯ ͯ͹ͶͶͪͻ͹ͬ ̀ͪ΂Ͱͷ ͸ͪͷ
̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳʹͼ͹ΉͲ ͼ
ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͺ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͳͷͪ͵ͻ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵Ͱ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ʹΈ͵͹
͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ͵͹ͷͳͼͼͳͳ͋ͪͽ·Ί͸̺ͪͪͶ͹ͬͪΊ ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳͬͪΊͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽΆͻͪͫ͹ͽΆͺ͹ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳΉΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱ
ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ΉͲͪ ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͶͪ ΂ͽ͹jͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΊͬΆͭ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͼͰͷͺ͹ͻͪͲ͸͹ͷ;̺̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͸ͳͬ
ͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵͹Ͱ ͬͻͰͷΊ ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͸Ͱ ͫΆͶ͹ ͪͬͽ͹ͷ͹ͫͳͶͰͼͽͻ͹Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͆͹ ͵ͪ͵ ͽ͹Ͷ·͵͹ Ͳͪͺ;ͼͽͳͶͳ ̸͖̾͊ ͬ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ΊͬͳͶͳͼ·ͪͬͽ͹ͷ͹ͫͳͶ·͸ΆͰ͵ͶͪͼͽͰͻΆ ͻͪͼͼ΂ͳͽͪ͸͸ΆͰ͸ͪ͹ͫ΄ͳʹͻΆ͸͹͵ͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽ̺ͬͪͬͰ
ͯͰ͸ͳͰ Ͱͯͳ͸͹ʹ ͼͳͼͽͰͷΆ Ϳͳͽ͹ͼͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹ͭ͹ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶΊ ͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͶ͹ ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪͷ ͊͹ΉͲͪ
;ͬͰͶͳ΂ͳͽ· Έ͵ͼͺ͹ͻͽ ̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳΊ ͸ͪͻͪͼͽͳͶͪ ͺͻ͹ͯͪͱͳ ͼͬ͹ͳ΀ ͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹ͬ Ͳͪ ͻ;ͫͰͱ ͸ͪ ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ ͬ
̓ͳͻͭͳͲͳΉ– ͬ ͻͪͲͪwv ̀ͪ΂Ͱͷ͸ͪͷ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳʹͼ͹ΉͲ ͼ

̓ͽ͹ͷ;ͱͰͼͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰͷ͊͹ΉͲͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹ͬͼͽͻͪ͸;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ΁̸͖̾͊ͬΆͻ͹ͼͶͳͬͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻ
ͼͽͬͪͯͪͶ·͸Ͱͭ͹Ͳͪͻ;ͫͰͱ·Ί͊ͬΊͲͪ͸͹Έͽ͹ͼͽͰͷ ΂ͽ͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸ΆͰͽͪͻͳͿΆͼ͸ͳͲͳͶͳͼ·ͳͼͽͪͶͳͰͯͳ
͸Άͷͳ͋ͪ͵ ͻͰͲ͵͹ͬ͹Ͳͻ͹ͼͶͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳ͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹̸ͬͬͬͼͽͻͳΉͳ́ͽͪͶͳΉ

͊ͶͰͯ;Ͱͽ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͽ· ΂ͽ͹ͯͪ͸͸͹ͰΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͬΆͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͪͷͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ
̸͖̺̾͊ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͼ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳʹͺͻͰͯ;ͼͷ͹ͽͻͰ͸ͫͰͲͬͳͲ͹ͬΆʹͬ΅ͰͲͯͳ͹ͽͼ;ͽͼͽͬͳͰͽͪͷ͹ͱͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹͵͹͸
ͽͻ͹ͶΊ ͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ·ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͽ·ͬͶΉͫ͹ʹ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͊͹ΉͲ͇ͪͯ͸ͪ͵͹Έͽ͹ ͬͼͬ͹Ή ͹΂ͰͻͰͯ· ͷ͹ͱͰͽ ͼ͹
Ͳͯͪͽ·ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆ͸ͰͶͰͭͪͶ·͸͹ʹͽͻ;ͯ͹ͬ͹ʹͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ͉Ͱ΃Ͱ͸ͳͰͯͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͪͺͻ͹ͻͪͫͪͽΆͬͪͰͽͼΊ
̺͵͹͸΁Ͱ͉ͭ͹ͼͼͳΊͺͻͳ͸ΊͶͪͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ͹ͯ͹ͺ;ͼ͵ͰͶͰͭͪͶ·͸͹ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪΉ΄ͳ΀͉͍ͬͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼͽͻͪ͸
͊͹ΉͲͪ͵ͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ͹ͫΊͲͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ́ͯͰͽͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͺ͹ͯ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;͹ͺͰ͸ͼͳ
͹͸͸͹ͷ͹ͫͰͼͺͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͳͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪ͸ͳͳͺͻͳͬΆ΀͹ͯͰ͸ͪͺͰ͸ͼͳΉͼͽͪͱͪͻͪͫ͹ͽΆͬͯͻ;ͭ͹ʹͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͊͹ΉͲͪ
̓͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΊ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ ͹ͺͳͻͪͰͽͼΊ ͸ͪ ͳ͸͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άʹ ͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻͳʹ
ͬͪͱ͸Ͱʹ΃ͳͷ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͰͷͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹ͭ͹ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ͵ͻ;ͺ͸Ͱʹ΃ͳ΀ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͪͭ
Ͷ͹ͷͰͻͪ΁ͳʹ͵ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͽͻ͹ͬͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵ͳͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳʹ͈ͻͳΈͽ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳʹͯͶΊ͹ͺͰͻͰͱͪΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͪͶ·
͸͹͹ͽͻͪͼͶͰͬΆ΀ ͵ͶͪͼͽͰͻ͸Ά΀ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳʹ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ Έ͸ͰͻͭͰͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸͹ʹ ͳ ͽͰͶͰ͵͹ͷ
ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹ ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ ͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ ͳ͸͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹ ͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ ͈͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ
͈ͻͪͬͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͪ

̺ͼͰͷΈͽͳͷͽͻͰͫ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͷ͹ͽͬͰ΂ͪͰͽͭ͹ͻ͹͇ͯͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭ Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵͹ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͰ
͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹ͭ͹ ͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶΊͰͽͬ͵ͶΉ΂ͳͽ·ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯ ͬͼͳͼͽͰͷ; Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͲͳͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹ͬͪͻ͸Ά΀ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͳ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼ͹ͬΆ΀ ͹ͫͷͰ͸͹ͬ ͷͰͱ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸Ά΀ ͵͹ͷͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳʹ ̻͹ͻ͹ͯ ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸ ͸ͪ ͺͰͻͰͼͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͳ
ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹͉ͬ͹ͼͼͳͳͳͼͽͻͪ͸̸Ͳͳͳ ͳͷͰͰͽ;ͯ͹ͫ͸ΆͰͬΆ΀͹ͯΆ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸Ά ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ·
͸͹ʹ̸Ͳͳͳ
͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵ͳʹͻͰͭͳ͹͸͸ͪͯͰͶͰͯ͹͵ͪͲΆͬͪͰͽͼͬ͹ΉͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͷ͹ͼͽ·͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ
ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ̺͸Ͱ΃͸Ͱͽ͹ͻͭ͹ͬΆͰ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽΆ͸ͪ΃Ͱͭ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ͹΀ͬͪͽΆͬͪΉͽͼͽͻͪ͸ͷͳͻͪ͆ͪͽͰͻͻͳ
ͽ͹ͻͳͳ ͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵͹ʹ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͲͪͻͰͭͳͼͽͻͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯͺͻͳΊͽͳʹ ͼ ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰͷ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀
ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳʹ ͬͽ͹ͷ΂ͳͼͶͰͼ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ̸͖̾͊ ̓ͪͶͳ͸ͳ͸ ͼ
͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͱ·Ͱͺ͹ͯͯͰͻ
ͱͳͬͪͰͽͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰͼͬΊͲͳͼ͹ͬͼͰͷͳͫͰͲͳͼ͵ͶΉ΂Ͱ͸ͳΊͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ– ΂ͶͰ͸ͪͷͳ̸͖̾͊ ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹
ͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͼͶ͹ͱͳͶ͹ͼ·ͽͪ͵ ΂ͽ͹͹ͼ͹ͫ͹ͽͰͼ͸͹Ͱͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹;͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͱ·Ίͼ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͷ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ
΁ͪͼ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͷͳͼ΂ͳͼͶΊͰͽͼΊͬ͵ͷ̺͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͷͼ͹ͼͰͯͼͽͬͰ͸ͪ΀͹ͯΊͽͼΊͽͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸
ͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ– ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͪΊ ̸͵ͽΉͫͳ͸ͼ͵ͪΊͳ̓͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪʹͼ͵ͪΊ̓͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽΆ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸Ά
͵ͪ͵͸ͪ;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ͱͭ;ͫͰͻ͸ͪͽ͹ͻͪͳͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͬ ͽͪ͵ͳ͸ͪ;ͻ͹ͬ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͺͻͳ͸ͳͷͪͽͰͶ·ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽ͇ͬͻͰ͸
ͫ;ͻͭͬ͵ͶΉ΂Ͱ͸ͬͻΊͯͼ͹ͬͷͰͼͽ͸Ά΀ͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸Ͱʹ΃ͳͷͳͲ͸ͳ΀ΊͬͶΊ
ͰͽͼΊͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ ͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽͪ͸͸Άʹ͇͇͋j̓ͪͲ͉͹ͼ̻ͪͲv2͇͸ͺͻͰͯ;ͼͷͪͽͻͳͬͪͰͽͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ͇ͬͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵͹ʹ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͼͽͬͪͭͻͪ͸;Ͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸͹ʹͼͰͻΆͷ͹΄͸͹ͼͽ·Ήͯ͹ͽΆͼͽ͹͸͸ͬͭ͹ͯ
̺ ͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ʹ Ͳ͹͸Ͱ ̽͹ͷͫͪͻ͹ͬͼ͵ͳʹ ͻͪʹ͹͸
ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸͹ ̺ͰͼͰ͸͸Ͱ̸ͻͪͶ΂ͳ͸ͼ͵͹Ͱ ͷͰͼͽ͹
ͻ͹ͱͯͰ͸ͳͰ ͷͰͯ͸͹΁ͳ͸͵͹ͬΆ΀ ͻ;ͯ ͇ͼͰ͸·Ή ͭ ͬ͹ ͬͻͰͷΊ ͬͼͽͻͰ΂ͳ ͭͶͪͬ ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͳ ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ
ͺͻ͹΀͹ͯͳͬ΃Ͱʹ ͬ ͭ ̾͵ͪͽͰͻͳ͸ͫ;ͻͭ ͫΆͶ͹ ͺ͹ͯͺͳͼͪ͸͹ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹Ͱ ͼ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͸͹Ͱ ͸ͪ
ͼ͹ͬͷͰͼͽ͸͹Ͱ΀͹ͲΊʹͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹Ͱ͹ͼͬ͹Ͱ͸ͳͰΈͽ͹ͭ͹͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͇ͪ͸͹ͼ͹ͯͰͻͱͳͽ͹ͼ͹ͫΆͰͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͹ͫͰͼͺͰ΂ͳ
ͬͪΉ΄ͳͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼΆ͉͹ͼͼͳͳͳ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͪ.
2
͇͇͋«̓ͪͲ͉͹ͼ̻ͪͲ» – ͼ͹ͬͷͰͼͽ͸͹Ͱ͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ͰͺͻͰͯͺͻͳΊͽͳͰ ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸͸͹Ͱ͸ͪͺͪͻͳͽͰͽ͸͹ʹ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ
͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵͹ʹ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͸ͰͿͽͰͭͪͲ͹ͬ͹ʹ͵ͪͷͺͪ͸ͳͰʹ«̓ͪͲͅ;͸ͪʹ̻ͪͲ» ͳͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳͷ«̻ͪͲͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͷ».

͊͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͭͻͪͻ͸͹ʹͼͿͰͻͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸͹ͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·Ή͇͇͇j͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭ́ͬ͹Ͷͭͪv
͖ͽ͹΂ͪͼͽ·͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͪͭͻ͹ͺͻ͹ͷΆ΃ͶͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹΀͹Ͷͯͳ͸͇͇ͭͪ͋j́ͬ͹Ͷͭͪv̓ͪͷͺͪ͸ͳΊ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ
ͬΆͻͪ΄ͳͬͪ͸ͳͰͲͰͻ͸͹ͬΆ΀͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ̾Ή͹ͫͻͪͫͪͽΆͬͪͰͽͼΊͫ͹ͶͰͰͬͼͰ΀ͼͰͶ·΀͹Ͳ;ͭ͹ͯͳʹ͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭ
ͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽͬ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͼΆͻ;Ή͸ͰͿͽ· ΁ͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵ͽΆ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ʹͳ΁ͬͰͽ͸͹ʹͷͰ
ͽͪͶͶ;ͻͭͳͳ́Ͳ ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͬ ͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳʹͻͰͭͳ͹͸ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪͰͽͭͪͲ̓ͪͻͪ΂ͪͭͪ͸ͪ͵ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͻ͹ͱͯͰ
͸ͳΊ̾ͱͰͭ͹ͯ͸͹͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵ͳʹͭͪͲ͹ͺͰͻͰͻͪͫͪͽΆͬͪΉ΄ͳʹͲͪͬ͹ͯ͹ͼͬͪͳͬͪͰͽͼͬΆ΃ͰͷͶͻͯͷîͭͪͲͪͳ
͹͵͹Ͷ͹ͷͶ͸ͽͭͪͲ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹͵͹͸ͯͰ͸ͼͪͽͪ;͵ͪͲͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͷͰͼͽ͹ͻ͹ͱͯͰ͸ͳΊ
̹͹Ͷ·΃ͳͰͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬΆͼͽ͹ΊͽͲͪͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͰʹͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽͪͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸͹ͭ͹͵͹
ͻͳͯ͹ͻͪj̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪΊ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ– ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Άʹ̓ͳͽͪʹv͖ͽ͹ͽͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ– ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͲͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͳ΀͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳͳ
j͇ͯͳ͸ͺ͹Ίͼ– ͹ͯͳ͸ͺ;ͽ·v ΁ͰͶ·͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹ʹ– ͺͻ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳͰͬͲͪͳͷ͹ͼͬΊͲͰʹͷͰͱͯ;̸Ͳͳͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ ̾ͬͻ͹
ͺͰʹͼ͵ͳͷͳ̸Ϳͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸ͽͪͷͳ ͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΉ΄ͪΊ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ
͸ͳʹͷͰͱͯ;ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪͷͳ͈͹ͷͳͷ͹ͽͪ͵ͳ΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸Ά΀΁ͰͶͰʹͯͶΊͼͽͻͪ͸ ͬ΀͹ͯΊ΄ͳ΀̸͖ͬ̾͊ ΂ͻͰͲ
ͬΆ΂ͪʹ͸͹ͬΆͭ͹ͯ͸Άͷͫ;ͯͰͽͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽ·;Ͷ;΂΃ͳͽ·ͼͬ͹Ήͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸;Ήͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ;
͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͭͪͰͽ ͼͰͻ·ͰͲ͸Άͷͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶ͹ͷͳͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽΊͷͳͯͶΊͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͼ͹
͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬ;Ή΄Ͱʹ ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻΆ ͬ ͽ͹ͷ ΂ͳͼͶͰ ͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ Ͷ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ ̻͹ͻ͹ͯ
ͷ͹ͱͰͽͼͽͪͽ·jͫͪͲ͹ͬ͹ʹvͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͰʹͯͶΊͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳͽ͸͹ͭ͹ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶͪ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹
ͬͪ͸ͳΊͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ– ̀ͪ
ͺͪͯ͸Άʹ ̓ͳͽͪʹ ͈͹ ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͽͻͪͼͼͪ ͺͻ͹΀͹ͯͳͽ ͹ͽ ͊ͪ͸͵ͽ͈ͰͽͰͻͫ;ͻͭͪ ΂ͰͻͰͲ ͅ͹ͼ͵͹ͬ
ͼ͵;Ή ͆ͳͱͰͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͼ͵;Ή ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͺͰͻͰͼͰ͵ͪͰͽ ͋ͪͽͪͻͼͽͪ͸ ͳ ͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵;Ή ͹ͫͶͪͼͽ· ͪͭͅͳͼͽͻͪͶ·
ͼ͹Ͱͯͳ͸ͳͽ ͈ͰͽͰͻͫ;ͻͭ ͼ ͵ͳͽͪʹͼ͵ͳͷ ͷ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹ͻͽ͹ͷ ̈́Ί͸·Ή͸·ͭͪ͸ ͇ͫ΄ͪΊ ͺͻ͹ͽΊͱͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ· ͻ͹ͼ
ͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ΂ͪͼͽͳ– ͵ͷ ͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵͹ʹ– ͵ͳͽͪʹͼ͵͹ʹ– ͵ͷ ̓͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻj̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪΊ̾ͬ
ͻ͹ͺͪ– ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸Άʹ̓ͳͽͪʹv

͋ͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸ͪΊͷͪͭͳͼͽͻͪͶ·j͑ͰͶ͵͹ͬΆʹͺ;ͽ·vͺͻ͹ʹͯͰͽͺ͹ͽͰͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳͳ͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪ
ͼͽͳ͹ͽͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Άͼ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͷͬ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳͳ͸ͪ̓ͪͲͪ͸·͋͹Ͷ·͵͹ͬͭ͹ͯ;͸ͪͰͰͼͽͻ͹ͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬ͹
ͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͶͪͭͪͶ͹ͼ·ͬΆͯͰͶͳͽ·ͽͻͰͽ·ͷͳͶͶͳͪͻͯͪͻ;ͫͶͰʹ ͹ͫ΄ͪΊͼͽ͹ͳͷ͹ͼͽ·ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽͪͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯͪͼ͹
ͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽͫ͹ͶͰͰͷͶͻ͉ͯͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊͯͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽͪͺ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷͳͽͼ͹Ͳͯͪͽ·ͫ͹ͶͰͰͻͪͫ͹΂ͳ΀ ͷͰͼͽ–
ͬ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͷͪͶΆ΀ͺͻͰͯͺͻͳΊͽͳΊ΀ͪͬͽ͹ͼͰͻͬͳͼ͹ͬ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͺͳͽͪͳͽͯ ͋Ͱͻͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΊͻ͹ͼͽͪ

͈ͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͪ ͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ͸ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰ ͽͻ;ͯ͸͹ͼͽͰʹ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰ
ͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͳͽͼΊ ͺͻͰ͹ͯ͹ͶͰͬͪͽ·ͳ΀ ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͷ͊΁ͰͶ·ΉΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳΊ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͵ͳ Ͳͪͯͪ΂ ͳ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͹ͬ ͳ΀ ͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯΊͽͼΊ
̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳͰΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰͿ͹ͻ;ͷΆ Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷΆͷͰͱͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͳͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ
΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͳ ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹͵ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͰ ͬΆͼͽͪͬ͵ͳ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸ΆͰ Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷΆ ͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͰ
͆ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪΊͼ͇ͭͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻ͹ͷ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳ͹ͻ;
ͷ͹ͬ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳʹΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹͿ͹ͻ;ͷ j͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͱ·Ͱ– v ͺͻ͹΀͹ͯͳͬ΃ͳʹ1–͸͹ΊͫͻΊ
͇ͭͬͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͰ ͼͽͪͶ΀͹ͻ͹΃Ͱʹͯͳͼ͵;ͼͼͳ͹͸͸͹ʹͺͶ͹΄ͪͯ͵͹ʹ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻͪΊͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͳͶͪͬ͹ͬͶͰ΂·΃ͳ
ͻ͹͵ͳͰ ͼͶ͹ͳ ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͬ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ ͹ͫͼ;ͱͯͰ͸ͳΊ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ

ͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͪΊ ͭͪͲͰͽͪ
̺ Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷͰ ͺͻͳ͸ΊͶͳ ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰ Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆ
̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ʹΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ͵͹ͷͳͼͼͳͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͳͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͰͻͼͽͬͳͬͰͯ͹ͷͼͽͬ
͹Ϳͳ΁ͳͪͶ·͸ΆͰͯͰͶͰͭͪ΁ͳͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸͹͉͍ͬ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳʹͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳͪͶ·͸Ά΀
ͺͪͻ͵͹ͬ ͫͪ͸͵͹ͬͼ͵ͳͰͼͶ;ͱͪ΄ͳͰ͇ͫͼ;ͱͯͪͶͳͼ·ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼΆͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͷ͹͸͹ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳͪͶ·
͸Ά΀ͺͪͻ͵͹ͬ ͻ͹ͶͳͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳͳͬͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳͰͯͳ͸͹ͭ͹ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹ͰͬͻͪͲͳʹ
ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͳͻͪͼ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͳΊͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ά΀ͳͷͰͱͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·
͸Ά΀ ͵͹͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͼͬΊͲͰʹ ̺ Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷͰ ͺͻͳ͸ΊͶͳ ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͳ ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ̹ͰͶͪͻ;ͼͳ
̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͋ͪͯͱͳ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ̸ͻͷͰ͸ͳͳ ͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͬ͹ʹ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷΆ ͬΆͼͽ;ͺͳͶ͹ ͺͻͪͬͳ
ͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬ͹͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
̺͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͰ–͸͹ΊͫͻΊͭͼ͹ͼͽ͹ΊͶͼΊͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ΆʹͿ͹ͻ;ͷj͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͱ·Ͱ– ͼͰͻͯ
΁Ͱ̾ͬͻͪͲͳͳv̾ͭ͹ ͫͰͲ;ͼͶ͹ͬ͸͹ ͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽ·͵ͻ;ͺ͸Ͱʹ΃ͳͷͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳͷ͵͹͸ͭͻͰͼͼ͹ͷ͍͹ͻ;ͷ
j͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͱ·Ͱ– ͼͰͻͯ΁Ͱ̾ͬͻͪͲͳͳvͼͽͪͶͲ͸ͪ͵͹ͬΆͷͼ͹ͫΆͽͳͰͷͯͰͶ͹ͬ͹ʹͱͳͲ͸ͳ͉͹ͼͼͳͳͳͰͬͻͪͲͳʹ
ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽ̺ͬͪͷͰͻ͹ͺͻͳΊͽͳΊ΀͍͹ͻ;ͷͪͺͻͳ͸ΊͶͳ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰͼͬΆ΃ͰͽͻͰ΀ͽΆͼΊ΂ͯͰͶͰͭͪͽ͹ͬͳͲ
΃Ͱͼͽͳͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͼ;ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹͉ͬ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ̺ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷ;ͬ΀͹ͯͳͶ͹͵͹͸ͭͻͰͼͼ͸͹ͰͷͰ
ͻ͹ͺͻͳΊͽͳͰ ͬͻͪͫ͹ͽͰ ͬΆͼͽͪͬ͵ͳ ͺͻͳ͸ΊͶͳ ;΂ͪͼͽͳͰ Έ͵ͼͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ͹ͬͳͲ ͼͽͻͪ͸ ͊͹ΉͲ ͺͻ͹ͷΆ΃
ͶͰ͸͸ͳ͵͹ͬ ͳ ͺͻͰͯͺͻͳ͸ͳͷͪͽͰͶͰʹ ͊ͪ͸͵ͽ͈ͰͽͰͻͫ;ͻͭͪ
̹͹Ͷ·΃͹ʹ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͶͪ ͷͰͱͯ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪΊΈ͵ͼͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΊͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͳͳ͸͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬj͖ͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ·ͳ͵ͪ΂Ͱ
ͼͽͬ͹v ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͬ΃ͪΊͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͯͺͻͳΊͽͳʹ͵ͪ͵͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͽͪ͵ͳ̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ
͸ͪ ̹ͰͶͪͻ;ͼͳ ̓ͳͻͭͳͲͳͳ ̸ͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽΆͳͿͪ͵ͽΆ
͆ͪj͵ͻ;ͭͶΆ΀ͼͽ͹Ͷͪ΀vΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸Ά΀
͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳʹ͹ͫͼ;ͱͯͪͶͳ͸ͪͲͻͰͬ΃ͳͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆ̹ΆͶͺ͹ͯ͸Ίͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼ͹ͽͪ͵͸ͪͲΆͬͪͰͷ͹ʹjͲͰͶͰ͸͹ʹ
Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵Ͱv ͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΉ΄Ͱʹͳͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͬ͹Ͳ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͶΊͰͷΆ΀ͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͳ͵͹ͬΈ͸Ͱͻͭͳͳ͉Ͱ΂·΃Ͷͪ
͹ ͼ͹Ͷ͸Ͱ΂͸Ά΀ ΈͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹ͼͽͪ͸΁ͳΊ΀ ͹ ͼͽͻ͹ͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͰ ͬͰͽͻ͹ͺͪͻ͵ͪ ͹ ͫͳ͹ͭͪͲͰ ͆Ͱ ͷͰ͸ͰͰ ͸ͪͫ͹ͶͰͬ΃Ͱʹ
ͬΆͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱ͵ͳΈ͵ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͹͹ͻͳͰ͸ͽͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸Ά΀ͺͻͰͯͺͻͳΊͽͳʹ́ͷ͸;ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͽ͹Ͷ·
͵͹Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼ͹ͬͪΊͺ͹ͷ͹΄· ͸͹ͳ;ͷͰ͸ͳͰͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͽ·ͼͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳͰʹ͹ͫΈ͵ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸Ά΀ͻΆ͸͵ͪ΀̺΂ͳͼͶͰ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͫΆͶͳ͸ͪͲͬͪ͸ΆͶ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸ΆͰͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼΆ ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰ͹ͼͽͻΆͰͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽΆͬ͹ͬͲͪͳ
ͷ͹ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼ͹ͬΆ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬ ͬ΀͹ͯΊ΄ͳ΀̸͖ͬ̾͊
͆ͪͿ͹ͻ;ͷͰ͹ͫͼ;ͱͯͪͶͳͼ·ͻͪͲ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸ΆͰͽͰͷΆ– ͹ͽͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͹͵ͺͻ͹ͯ;͵΁ͳͳͼͰͶ·
ͼ͵͹ͭ͹΀͹ͲΊʹͼͽͬͪ ͼͰͶ·΀͹Ͳͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͯ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ;ͻͫͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ
΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳͷ;͸ͳ΁ͳͺͪͶͳͽͰͽ͹ͬ ͹ͽͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͷ͹͸͹ͭ͹ͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͯ͹ͽͰͷΆ͵͹ͼͷ͹ͼ̻ͪͶͪͬ͸͹ʹͱͰ
ͽͰͷ͹ʹͿ͹ͻ;ͷͪ͹ͼͽͪͬͪͶͳͼ·ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼΆͷͰͱͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͈ͬͪ͹ͯͬ͹ͯΊͳͽ͹ͭͳͿ͹
ͻ;ͷͪ ͭ;ͫͰͻ͸ͪͽ͹ͻ͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ̹͗Ͱͻͭ ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͶj͊ ͼͪͷ͹ͭ͹͸ͪ΂ͪͶͪ͸ͪ΃Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷͫΆͶ
ͺͻͳͲͬͪ͸͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸ͳͽ·ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼΆΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͰʹͫͳͲ͸ͰͼͪͳͯͰͶ͹ͬΆ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳʹͯͶΊ
͹ͫͷͰ͸ͪ͹ͺΆͽ͹ͷͳ͹ͫͼ;ͱͯͰ͸ͳΊͶ;΂΃ͳ΀ͷͳͻ͹ͬΆ΀ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͬ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͰͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ʹͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳͳ
̺͸Ά͸Ͱ΃͸ͳ΀;ͼͶ͹ͬͳΊ΀ͺͰͻͰͯ͸ͪͷͳ͹ͽ͵ͻΆͬͪͰͽͼΊͰ΄Ͱͫ͹Ͷ·΃Ͱͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͰʹͯͶΊͻͪͼ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͳΊͳ
;͵ͻͰͺͶͰ͸ͳΊͬͲͪͳͷ͹͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹͷͰͱͯ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͪv
͈͹ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΉͺͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ͉͍̺͈ͪ;ͽͳ͸ͪ ͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͯͪͶ·͸Ͱʹ΃Ͱͭ͹ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ʹͳ
ͷͰͱͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͵͹͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹ͼ͹Ͳͯͪͽ·jͫ͹Ͷ·΃͹Ͱ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹Ͱͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ͹ͼ;΂ͪ
ͼͽͳͰͷ ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹ΉͲͪͳͼͽͻͪ͸ ͼ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͷͳ;͸ͪͼ ;ͱͰ͸ͪͶͪͱͰ͸ΆͽͰͼ͸ΆͰ
͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͖ͽ͹̓ͳͽͪʹ ́͸ͯͳΊ ͈ͪ͵ͳͼͽͪ͸ ́ͻͪ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͰͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪ͸͸ΆͰͬͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂ͰͼͽͬͰ

ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪͳ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ͋ͪ͵͹Ͱͺͪͻͽ͸Ͱͻͼͽͬ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͽͼͽͪͽ·͹ͯ͸ͳͷͳͲΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ά΀ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͹ͬ
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳΊͬΆͲ͹ͬͪͷͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳv ͪͅͼ΃ͽͪͫͿ͹ͻ;ͷͪj͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͱ·Ͱ

͌ͱͰ ͳͲͬͰͼͽ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͪ ͷͰͻ͹ͺͻͳΊͽͳʹ ͼͶͰͯ;Ή΄Ͱͭ͹ ͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷͪ j͇ͻͰ͸
ͫ;ͻͱ·Ͱ– ͼͰͻͯ΁Ͱ̾ͬͻͪͲͳͳv ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆʹͺͶͪ͸ͳͻ;ͰͽͼΊ͸ͪ–͸͹ΊͫͻΊͭ ͈ͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͪͷͰͻ͹ͺͻͳΊ
ͽͳʹ
̹͹Ͷ·΃͹Ͱͬ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳͰͫ;ͯͰͽ;ͯͰͶͰ͸͹ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άͷͳͳ͸͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Άͷͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽͪͷ ͵͹ͽ͹
ͻΆͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΊͽ ͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̓ͪͲͪ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͪΊ ̸͵ͽΉͫͳ͸ͼ͵ͪΊ ̸ͽΆͻͪ;ͼ͵ͪΊ ̓͹ͼͽͪ͸ͪʹͼ͵ͪΊ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ̹ͰͶͪͻ;ͼ· ̓ΆͻͭΆͼͽͪ͸ͳͯͻ͆ͪͿ͹ͻ;ͷͰͫ;ͯ;ͽͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸Ά;͸ͳ͵ͪͶ·͸ΆͰͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵ͳͬ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͹΀ͻͪ͸Ά ͹͵ͻ;ͱͪΉ΄Ͱʹ ͼͻͰͯΆ ͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͇͸ͳ ͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸Ά
͹ͫ΄Ͱʹ ͽͰͷ͹ʹ j̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵ͳʹ Έ͵͹ͭͻͪͯv ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ·͸ΆͰ Έ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰ ͬΆͲ͹ͬΆ ͼͽͪ͸;ͽ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͹ͷ
͹ͫͼ;ͱͯͰ͸ͳΊ ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹ ͳͲ ͵ͻ;ͭͶΆ΀ ͼͽ͹Ͷ͹ͬ ͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ·͸͹͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͳͻ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳΊ Ϳͳͼ͵ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ͸ͪͭͻ;Ͳ͵ͳ͸ͪͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼ ͺͰͻͰ΀͹ͯͪ͸ͪͻͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͰ͸ͽͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸;Ήͷ͹ͯͰͶ·͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶΊͳ
͸ͪͯͲ͹ͻͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳͽͰͶͳͰͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ͹ͫͼ;ͯΊͽ͸ͪ͵ͻ;ͭͶ͹ͷͼͽ͹ͶͰj͈ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆͻͪͲͬͳ
ͽͳΊͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͪ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰͭͶͪͲͪͷͳͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸Ά΀ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽ͹ͻ͹ͬv͆ͰͷͰ͸ͰͰͪ͵ͽ;
ͪͶ·͸͹ʹͲͬ;΂ͳͽͽͰͷͪͼͶͰͯ;Ή΄Ͱͭ͹͵ͻ;ͭͶ͹ͭ͹ͼͽ͹Ͷͪ– j͉ͪͲͬͳͽͳͰ΁ͳͿͻ͹ͬ͹ʹΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵ͳͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ
΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ͭ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ͸ͪ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰv
̺ ͺ͹ͬͰͼͽ͵; ͵ͻ;ͭͶ͹ͭ͹ ͼͽ͹Ͷͪ jͅͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷΆ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹ ͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ͸͹ʹ ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱ͵ͳ
ͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰvͬ͹ʹͯ;ͽͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼΆͫͰͲ
ͫͪͻ·Ͱͻ͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͬ ͺͻ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱ͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͽͳͬ ͸ͪ
̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬͰ ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͷͰͻ ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱ͵ͳ ͬ ͼͿͰͻͰ ͺͻͳͬͶͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳʹ
ͼͳͶ·͸ΆͰͳͼͶͪͫΆͰͼͽ͹ͻ͹͸ΆͻΆ͸͵͹ͬͼͽͻͪ͸΂ͶͰ͸͹̸͖ͬ̾͊ͳͯͻ
͆ͪ Ϳ͹ͻ;ͷͪ΀ ͹ͫͼ;ͱͯͪΉͽͼΊ ͼ͹ͬͷͰͼͽ͸ΆͰ ͷͰͱͺͻͪͬͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͰ͸͸ΆͰ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷΆ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͼ͹
ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͸ͪ ;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸͹ͬ ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ΊΉͽͼΊ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆ ͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΊ ͹ ͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽͪ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ ͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͽ ͺ͹ͳͼ͵
ͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳʹΈ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͺ͹ͬΆ΃ͪͰͽͼΊͬ͹ͬͶͰ΂Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽ·ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹͸ͪͼͰͶͰ͸ͳΊͳͺͻ͹
ͷΆ΃ͶͰ͸͸Ά΀ͭͻ;ͺͺ ͬ ͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹Ͱͯͻ;ͭ͹Ͱ͋Ͱͷ ͼͪͷΆͷ ͺ͹ͬΆ
΃ͪΉͽͼΊͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͯ͸ΊͽͳΊͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶͪͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬ ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͺ͹ͯ
ͯͰͻͱ͵ͳ ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳΊ ͼ͹ͬͷͰͼͽ͸Ά΀ ͺͻͰͯͺͻͳΊͽͳʹ ͸ͪ ͳ͸͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳ͹͸͸͹ʹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ ͻͪͼ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͳΊ ͼͬΊͲͰʹ
j͸ͪ;͵ͪ–ͫͳͲ͸Ͱͼ–ͬͶͪͼͽ·v̹Ͷͪͭ͹ͯͪͻΊͻͪͫ͹ͽͰͿ͹ͻ;ͷ͹ͬͼ͹ͲͯͪΉͽͼΊ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳΊͼͯͰͶͪͽ·ͫ͹ͶͰͰͼͫͪͶͪ͸ͼͳ
ͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸͹ʹͳ ;ͼͽ͹ʹ΂ͳͬ͹ʹͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ ͼ͹ͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬͪͬ ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ ̸͖̾͊ ͺ͹ͬΆͼͳͽ·
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ·ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ ͵͹͹ͻͯͳ͸ͳͻ͹ͬͪͽ·ͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽ·͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͺͻ͹ͳͲ
ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬͰ͸͸Ά΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͽ·͵ͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽ͵Ͱ͹ͫ΄Ͱͭ͹ͪͶͭ͹ͻͳͽͷͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͳͳ͸͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳ
͹͸͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͼͽͻͪ͸;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ΁̸͖̾͊
͋ͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͷ ̸͖̾͊– Έͽ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͬΆͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͰͬͼͰͷ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵ͪͷ͹ͫ΅
Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹͹ͫ͹ͻ͹ͽ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ ͻͪͼͽͰͽ ͼ ͵ͪͱͯΆͷ ͭ͹ͯ͹ͷ ́ͷͰͰͽͼΊ ͳ ͭͰ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳʹ ΈͿ
ͿͰ͵ͽ̹ͰͲͼͬ͹Ͱͭ͹͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪͼͽ͸ͳ͵ͳ̸͖̾͊ͬ͹΃ͶͳͫΆͬͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ·͸;ΉΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ͵;ͺ͹΂;ͱͳͷ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͷͬ΂;ͱͳ΀͹ͫ΅Ͱͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ΀

͈ͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬΆͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͪͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΉͽͬ͹Ͳͷ͹ͱ
͸͹ͼͽͳͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼͪͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ͹;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ί Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳͰ ͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ʹͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻΆͯͶΊͽ͹ͬͪͻ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊͷͰͱͯ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ ͬ΀͹ͯΊ΄ͳͷͳ̸͖ͬ̾͊
́͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳͪͶ·͸͹ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳͽ͸ͪΊ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ·ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͭ͹ͻ͹͇ͯͪͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͪͳ͇ͻͰ͸ͫ;ͻͭͼ͵͹ʹ
͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ͵ͪ͵ͺͻͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͺͻͰͯͺ͹ͶͪͭͪͰͽ͸ͪͻͪ΄ͳͬͪ͸ͳͰͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶͪͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͪ͵ͪ͵ͪͯͷͳ
͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹ͳͯͰͶ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ͷͳͷͰͱͯ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ
͸͹ͷ ͻΆ͸͵Ͱ ͵ͪ͵ ͵ͪ΂ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹ ͺͶ͹΄ͪͯ͵ͳ ͯͶΊ ͯͰͶ͹ͬΆ΀ ͵͹ͷͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳʹ ͬ ͺͰͻͬ;Ή ͹΂ͰͻͰͯ·
̾ͬͻͪͲͳʹͼ͵͹ͭ͹Έ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵɢɮɚɤɬɵɧɨɹɛɪɹ
ȼ Ⱦɭɲɚɧɛɟ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɨ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɤ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ©ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ-
ȺɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɟɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨªɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/31955
Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɢɹɨ ɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://kremlin.ru/supplement/1091
Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ȿɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɣ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ
Ʉɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɣ ɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɣ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɑɨɥɩɨɧ-Ⱥɬɚ ɗɥɟɤ
ɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://kazakhstan.news-city.info/docs/sistemsi/dok_pernjo.htm
Ɂɚɱɟɦɧɚɦȿɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɣɫɨɸɡ"Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵɢɮɚɤɬɵʋ
ɄɚɥɢɧɢɧȺȿɈɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɢɬɨɝɚɯɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯɢɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɜɹɡɟɣɈɪɟɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢȼ©ȿɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɟɤɪɟ
ɫɬɨɤªɫɛɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɧɚɭɱ-ɩɪɚɤɬɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ȼɵɩɈɪɟɧɛɭɪɝɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
Ʉɨɪɢɞɨɪ ©Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ – Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ Ʉɢɬɚɣª ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://www.cargonews.lt/Pages/NewsItem.aspx?itemId=13255&hash
Ʌɟɲɭɤɨɜȼɉɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣɜɵɛɨɪ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
http://vz.ru/opinions/2012/12/31/613930.html
ɆɚɧɬɭɫɨɜȼȻɢȻɟɥɶɹɧɢɧɨɜ, ȺɘɋɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɨɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɩɨɥɢɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɆɨɫɤɜɚȼɨɫɬɨɤ-Ɂɚɩɚɞ
Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɮɨɪɭɦɚ©Ɉɪɟɧɛɭɪɠɶɟ– ɫɟɪɞɰɟȿɜɪɚɡɢɢªɩɟɪɟɲɚɝɧɭɥɡɟɦɧɵɟɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚKWWSVUHJQXPUXQHZVKWPO
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɉɪɟɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝ ʋ -ɩɩ ©Ɉ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɈɪɟɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɞɨɝɨɞɚɢɧɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɞɨɝɨɞɚªɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ
Ɋɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ http://oreneconomy.ru/strategy/strateg2030.php
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚ ©Ɉɪɟɧɛɭɪɠɶɟ – ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢª ɗɥɟɤ
ɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫɊɟɠɢɦɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9HjBL2rOQpLZ1J2UVFxcmFyVXc/view

ɊɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɨɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚɨɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ
ɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɤȾɨɝɨɜɨɪɭɦɟɠɞɭɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɣɄɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɄɵɪɝɵɡɫɤɨɣɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɣ
Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɣ Ɍɚɞɠɢɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɣ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɨɛ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ©ɐɟɧ
ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ-Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɟ ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨª ɨɬ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ ɝ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨ
ɫɬɭɩɚhttp://online.lexpro.ru/document/79130
ɊɨɫɫɢɹɍɤɪɚɢɧɚȻɟɥɚɪɭɫɶɢɁɚɩɚɞɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟɧɚɭɤɢɈɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɚɹ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɋɟɪ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ʋ - Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɊɀɊȺɇ ɂɇɂɈɇ
ɐɟɧɬɪɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɚɭɱ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɫɫɥɟɞɈɬɞɂɫɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹɝɚɡɟɬɚɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ
ɋɨɸɡɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɣɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫɊɟɠɢɦ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚKWWSVSSVSEUXUXQRGH
Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ȼ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɵ Ⱥɪɝɭ
ɦɟɧɬɵɢɮɚɤɬɵʋ
ɎɪɨɥɨɜȺ©ɐɟɧɬɪɵɫɢɥɵªɢɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɜɡɝɥɹɞɫɤɜɨɡɶɜɪɟɦɹɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ
ɠɢɡɧɶʋ
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-"3*4"7"-&3+&7/" (3*»",07"
*/5&(3"5*0/130$&44&4*/5)&1045407*&541"$&
SUMMARY
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QFPQMFTPGUIFGPSNFSVOJPOSFQVCMJDT XIJDIIBWFCFDPNFJOEFQFOEFOUTUBUFT UPJOUFHSBUJPO3VTTJBEPFT
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JOUFHSBUJPOJOUIF&VSBTJBOTQBDFBTPOFPGUIFJNQPSUBOUQSJPSJUJFTPG3VTTJBhTGPSFJHOQPMJDZ.PEFSOJOUF
HSBUJPOQSPDFTTFTPCTFSWFEJOUIFQPTU4PWJFUTQBDFUFOEUPDPNCJOFDJWJMJ[BUJPOBMBDIJFWFNFOUTXJUIUIF
values PGUIFFUIOJDHSPVQTQBSUJDJQBUJOHJOUIF&VSBTJBOQSPKFDU0OFPGUIFOFXFTUJOUFHSBUJPOTDIFNFTXF
DBODPOTJEFSis UIF&VSBTJBO&DPOPNJD6OJPO"UUIFNPNFOU JOUFHSBUJPOQSPDFTTFTBSFEFWFMPQJOHXJUIJO
UIFGSBNFXPSLPG UIFQPXFSGVMTVQSBOBUJPOBMFDPOPNJDBTTPDJBUJPO UIF&VSBTJBO&DPOPNJD6OJPO &"&$

UIBUIBT SFQMBDFEUIF&VS"T&$&DPOPNJDJOUFHSBUJPOXJUIJO UIF GSBNFXPSLPGUIF&VSBTJBO&DPOPNJD
4QBDFCFOFGJUTBMMQBSUJDJQBOUT3VTTJB #FMBSVT ,B[BLITUBO "SNFOJB ,ZSHZ[TUBO1SPTQFDUTGPSUIFEFWFM
PQNFOUPGUIF&VSBTJBO&DPOPNJD$PNNVOJUZTVHHFTUUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGBUSBOTQPSUBOEMPHJTUJDTDPN
QMFYPGBOJOUFSOBUJPOBMMFWFM UIFGPSNBUJPOPGBNPEFSOJOGSBTUSVDUVSFGPSDPNNPEJUZDJSDVMBUJPOBNPOH
the countries that BSFQBSUPGUIF&&.1
*OUIJTEJSFDUJPOUIFDJUZPG0SFOCVSHQMBZTBOJNQPSUBOUSPMF JUTFDPOPNJDBOEHFPHSBQIJDBMQPTJUJPO
BMMPXTUPJODMVEFUIFDJUZJOUIFTZTUFNPG&VSP"TJBODPNNPEJUZ JOGPSNBUJPOBOEGJOBODJBMFYDIBOHFT
intercultural communications.
KEYWORDS JOUFHSBUJPO QPTU4PWJFUTQBDF UIF&VSBTJBO&DPOPNJD6OJPO &"&$

͈͉̺̻͕̺̾͋̾̾͆̾́͐͏̸͉͕͇̺̓1
ͅͳ͸ͳͼͽͰͻͼͽͬ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͳ͸ͪ;͵ͳ͉͍
͍ͰͯͰͻͪͶ·͸͹Ͱͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹Ͱͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹Ͱ͸ͪ;΂͸͹Ͱ;΂ͻͰͱͯͰ͸ͳͰ
j͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳʹv j͊͹΁ͳ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻv
̸͈͇͕͇̺͇̹͓͇̺͕͉͇̻͇́͊̈́̀͆́̾̾̓͋̓͌̈́͋͌͆
̸̺͇͕͇̻͇͆͊̈́̾̽́͊́͊͋̾̾͑̓̈́͆͘ͅ
̸̸̸̸͇̹͉͇̺̺͇͈͉̺͇̀͆́́͊́͋͆́̓̓͊̾̽͊͋͘͘
̸̻͊͐̾͆́͆͘͘ͅ͏̸͇͕͔͎͇͍͇̺́͆̈́͆̓͆̈́́̓͋
̸͖͇͈͉͇̺́̾̿͋͆́͐̾͊̓͂͆̿̾͆͆͊͋́͘ͅ
͉͇͊͊́́
̸̸͇͆͆͋͏͈́͘͹ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͽͳͬͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͬ͸ͪ΂ͪͶͰ΀ͭ͹ͯ͹͉ͬͬ͹ͼͼͳͳͺ͹Ͷ;΂ͳͶͪ
ͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ͹΃ͳͫ͹΂͸ͪΊͳͯͰΊͯͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪ΁ͳͳͼͳͼͽͰͷΆ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͹ͽͻͳ΁ͪͽͰͶ·͸ΆͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ
ͼͽͬͳΊ͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹ʹͯͶΊͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊͺ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹͵͹ͶͰ͸ͳΊͼ͵ͪͲΆͬͪͶͳͼ·ͬͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸ͳͰͯͬͪ
ͯͰͼΊͽͳͶͰͽͳΊ̺ͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳͳΈ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸Ά΀͹ͽ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͳʹͬͰͭ͹ͯΆ
͹ͼͶͪͫͶͪͼͬΊͲ·΃͵͹ͶΆͳͻ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͰʹ͈ͻͳ΂ͳ͸͹ʹͽ͹ͷ;ͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͳͬ͸ΆͰͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆͻ͹ͯͳͽͰ
ͶͰʹ ͷ͸͹ͭͳͰͳͲ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ͫΆͶͳͲͪ͸ΊͽΆͺ͹ͳͼ͵͹ͷͻͪͫ͹ͽΆ ͼ͹͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬ;Ή΄Ͱʹ͹ͺͶͪͽΆͽͻ;ͯͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳ
ͷ͹ʹͯͶΊ ͼ͹ͯͰͻͱͪ͸ͳΊͼͰͷ·ͳͬ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳΊ΀ͳ͸ͿͶΊ΁ͳͳ ͽͪ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭ͹ͬ ͷͪͽͰͻͳͪͶ·͸͹ͷ;ͺ͹Ͷ͹
ͱͰ͸ͳΉͳͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͷ;ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ͫΆͶ͸ͪ͸ͰͼͰ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸Άʹ;΄Ͱͻ͉ͫͪͼͽ;ͽ ͬͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱ͸͹ʹ
ͼͻͰͯͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵͉͹ͼͼͳͳͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰ͸ͪͼͽͻ͹Ͱ͸ͳΊ
͊Ͱͻ·ͰͲ͸Άʹ;ͻ͹͸ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͯͰͽͰʹͳͺ͹ͯͻ͹ͼͽ͵͹ͬ͸ͪ͸ͰͼͰ͸͸Ͱ͹ͫͯ;ͷͪ͸͸͹ʹͶͳ͵ͬͳ
ͯͪ΁ͳͰʹͼͪͷ͹ͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸Ά΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳʹ ;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͯͰʹͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͬ΃ͳ΀ͬͼ͹ͬͰͽͼ͵ͳʹͺͰͻͳ͹͖ͯͽ͹͸Ͱͽ͹Ͷ·͵͹
ͼͺ͹ͻͽͳͬ͸ΆͰ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸ΆͰͷͰͻ͹ͺͻͳΊͽͳΊ ͽͬ͹ͻ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰjͷͪͼͽͰͻͼ͵ͳͰvͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯΆ΀ͳͲ͹ͫͻͰͽͪͽͰͶͰʹ ͸͹ͳͽͻ;
ͯ͹ͬΆͰ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͽͳͬΆͼͽͻ͹ͳͽͰͶ·͸Ά΀͹ͽͻΊͯ͹ͬͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͳͶͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͶͪͭͰͻͰʹͽͻ;ͯͪͳ͹ͽͯΆ΀ͪ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸ͳ͵͹ͬ
Έ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͽͰͶ·͸ΆͰjͽͳͷ;ͻ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͰvͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰͳ͸ͳ
΁ͳͪͽͳͬΆ ͽ;ͻͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͰͺ͹΀͹ͯΆ
͇ͼͶͪͫͶͰ͸ͳͰ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ʹ ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽΆ ͬ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͺ͹ͼͶͰ ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ
͉͊͊͊ͺͻͳͬͰͶ͹͵ͻ͹ͼͽ;Έͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ͸ͪͺͻΊͱͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͬͼͻͰͯͰͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱͳ
̸ͬͽ͹ͻ ͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪͰͽ ͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽΆ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͼ͹ͼͽ͹Ί͸ͳΊ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͼͳͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͷ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳΊ– ͬΆΊͬ
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petrcarkov@gmail.com

͈͉̺̻͕̺̾͋̾̾͆̾́͐͏̸͉͕͇̺̓: ́ͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ͹͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳΊͬͼͳͼͽͰͷͰ
ͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳΊ;΂ͳͽͰͶͰʹ́ͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͫΆͶ͹ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͬͭ͹ͯ;͏Ͱ͸ͽͻ͹ͷͼ͹΁ͳ
ͪͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹ͭ͸͹Ͳͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͳͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸ͭͪ2̺ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͫΆͶͳ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸ΆΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆ ͻ;͵͹
ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͳͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹ͶͬͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ΀
.
̸ͬͽ͹ͻͺͻͳͬ͹ͯͳͽ͹ͫͲ͹ͻΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ·͸Ά΀Ϳ͹ͻͷͼ͹ͬͰͻ΃Ͱ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͳͺͪͽͻͳ
͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊͬͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ʹͻ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ΃͵͹ͶͰ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆͰͷ͹ͭ;ͽͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽ·ͼͷΊͭ΂Ͱ
͸ͳΉͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ͸ͪͺͻΊͱͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳ
̺͔̓̈́͗͐̾̾ ̸͇̺͊̈́ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱͳ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΊ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͷͰͱΈͽ͸ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊ ͸ͪͺͻΊ
ͱͰ͸͸͹ͼͽ· ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹Ͱ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͳͰ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸ͪΊͺͪͷΊͽ·

̸̸͉̾̈́́̀͏̸̸̺͉͇͇͇͈͉͇͇̻͇̺͇͈́͊͊́͂͊̓͂͑̓̈́̾͋́͋́͐̾͊̓͊́͋͆́͘͘
̸͎͌͐͒́͊͘
͇ͻͭͪ͸Ά ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ;ͯͰͶΊΉͽͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹Ͱͬ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳͰͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ;
ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΉ͊Έͽ͹ʹ΁ͰͶ·ΉͫΆͶͪͺͻͳ͸Ίͽͪͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸ͪΊͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͪj͈ͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͬ͹ͼͺͳ
ͽͪ͸ͳͰͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳv̺͸ͪͼͽ͹Ί΄ͰͰͬͻͰͷΊͲͪͺ;΄Ͱ͸͹΂ͰͻͰͯ͸͹ʹΈͽͪͺͯͪ͸͸͹ʹ
ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷΆ – ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͪ j͈ͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰ ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ ͸ͪ
– ͭ͹ͯΆv ͈͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ

̺ ͼ͹͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬͳͳ ͼ ͹ͫ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸͸͹ʹ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷ͹ʹ ΁ͰͶ·Ή ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͳ ͬ ͼͿͰͻͰ
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳʹͯͶΊͺ͹ͬΆ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͽͬͰͽ
ͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼ;ͯ·ͫ;ͼͽͻͪ͸Ά ͺ͹ͬΆ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ;ͻ͹ͬ͸Ί͵͹͸ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪ΁ͳͳ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͪͯͶΊͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͲͪͯͪ΂
͹ͫͰͼͺͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͫͰͲ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ;ͼͽ͹ʹ΂ͳͬ͹ͭ͹ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͉͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ
;͵ͻͰͺͶͰ͸ͳΊ΂;ͬͼͽͬͪͼ͹ͺͻͳ΂ͪͼͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸͵ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ʹͳͼͽ͹ͻͳͳͳ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻͰ͉͹ͼͼͳͳ ͹ͫͰͼͺͰ΂Ͱ
͸ͳΊͺͻͰͰͷͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹͵͹ͶͰ͸ͳʹͻ͹ͼͼͳΊ͸ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ ͶΉͫΊ΄Ͱͭ͹ͼͬ͹Ή͉͹ͯͳ͸;ͳ
ͼͰͷ·Ή ͳͷͰΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸;ΉͱͳͲ͸Ͱ͸͸;Ήͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΉ
͊͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸ͪΊ ΃͵͹ͶͪͺͻͳͲͬͪ͸ͪͻͰ΃ͪͽ·ͱͳͲ͸Ͱ͸͸͹ͬͪͱ͸ΆͰͲͪͯͪ΂ͳͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳͳ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽ͸Ά΀
͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͳʹ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͳͲ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰ
͊ͻͰͯͳͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸͸Ά΀͸ͪͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͷΈͽͪͺͰͺͰͻͰͯ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ʹͲͪͯͪ΂ͺͻͳͼ;ͽͼͽͬ;ͰͽͲͪͯͪ΂ͪͺ͹Ϳ͹ͻ
ͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΉͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸ͳ͵͹͈ͬͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ
ͶΊͰͽ ͼ͹ͫ͹ʹ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ ͳ ͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳΊ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹Ͱ ͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ͰͽͼΊ ΂ͰͻͰͲ ;΂Ͱͫ͸͹Ͱ ͬͻͰͷΊ ͳ ͬ͸Ͱ͵Ͷͪͼͼ͸;Ή ͻͪͫ͹ͽ; ̽ͶΊ Ͱ΋ ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹
ͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊ ͹ͽ ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͽͻͰͫ;ͰͽͼΊ ͼ͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ ΁ͰͶ͹ͼͽ͸͹ʹ ͼͳͼͽͰͷΆ ͺ͹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΉ ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͻͳͰ͸ͽͳͻ͹ͬ;;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ͈ͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰ͹ͫ;΂ͪΉ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͬ΃͵͹ͶͰ–
ͽͪ͵ͱͰ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͳͲͭͶͪͬ͸Ά΀ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͳ΀ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹
;΂ͻͰͱͯͰ͸ͳΊ͋ͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͷ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸ͳ͵͹ͬ– Έͽ͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊͳ
΁ͰͶͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͸ͪΊ ͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽ· ͺ͹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΉ ; ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͬΆͼ͹͵͹ͭ͹ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
ͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳΊ ΂;ͬͼͽͬͪͬͰͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬ͹Ͱͷ;͇ͽͰ΂Ͱͼͽͬ; ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͬΆͺ͹Ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͯ͹Ͷͭͪͳ
͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀͹ͫΊͲͪ͸͸͹ͼͽͰʹͺ͹Ͳͪ΄ͳͽͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹͉ͬ͹ͯͳ͸Ά
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͇ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Άͷͳ ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͷͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊͬ΃͵͹ͶͰΊͬͶΊΉͽͼΊ
– ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹Ͱ ͹ͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͰ ;΂ͪ΄ͳͷͳͼΊ ͬ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͰ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ
ͬΆͼ΃ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͰʹ ͳͯͰͪͶ͹ͬͳ͹ͻͳͰ͸ͽͳͻ͹ͬ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͷΆ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬͳΊͬͶͰ͸ͳʹͻͰͪͶ·
͸͹ʹͱͳͲ͸ͳ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽ·ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽ·ͼΊͳͷͳͬ͵ͪ΂ͰͼͽͬͰ͹ͺͻͰͯͰͶΊΉ΄ͳ΀ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ͹ͬ ͺ͹Ͳͳ
΁ͳʹͬͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳ
– ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹͵ͻͪͰͬͰͯ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͷͰͻ͹ͺͻͳΊͽͳʹ ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͸Ά΀ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͰ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹
͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸Ά΀͵͹ͻ͸Ͱʹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͭ͹ͻͯ͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼ͹ͺͻͳ΂ͪͼͽ͸͹ͼͽ·͵ͯͰΊ͸ͳΊͷͺͻͰͯ͵͹ͬͳͼ͹ͬͻͰ
ͷͰ͸͸ͳ͵͹ͬͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯΊ΄ͰͰͬ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͲ͸ͪ
͸ͳʹ͹ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ͵ͻͪͰ
– ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͬ͹Ͱͬ͹ͲͯͰʹͼͽͬ;Ͱͽ΂ͰͻͰͲͼͳͼͽͰͷ;ͷͰͻ͹ͺͻͳΊͽͳʹ͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͺͻͪ
ͬ͹ͬ͹ʹ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͺ͹ͼͶ;΃͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͪͬΆ͵͹ͬ͹΁Ͱ͸͵ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͬΆ΀ͼ͹ͫΆͽͳʹͳ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͼ͹ͬͬ͹ͫ΄ͰͼͽͬͰͳͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͰ ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵͹ʹͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳͳ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽΆͬͪͰͽ;ͬͪͱͰ͸ͳͰ͵ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻ
ͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹͼͳͷͬ͹Ͷͳ͵Ͱ
– ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͹ ͸ͪͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͲͪ΁ͳΉͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹͳ͵;Ͷ·
ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹͺͻͰͰͷͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹͵͹ͶͰ͸ͳʹ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ʹͱͳͲ͸Ͱ͸͸͹ʹͺ͹Ͳͳ
΁ͳͳ ͺͻ͹ΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ ΂;ͬͼͽͬ ͫͶͪͭ͹ͻ͹ͯͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͼ͹ͼͽͻͪͯͪ͸ͳΊ ͺͻ͹ΊͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ Ͳͪͫ͹ͽΆ ͹ ͶΉͯΊ΀ ͺ͹ͱͳͶ͹ͭ͹
ͬ͹Ͳͻͪͼͽͪ
– ͬ͹Ͱ͸͸͹ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ͹ͻͳͰ͸ͽͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͹͸ͪͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ;ͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱͳͬΆͼ͹͵͹ͭ͹ͺͪͽͻͳ
͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳΊ ͳͯͰʹͼͶ;ͱͰ͸ͳΊ͇ͽͰ΂Ͱͼͽͬ; ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͻ;ͼͼ͵͹ʹͬ͹Ͱ͸͸͹ʹͳͼͽ͹ͻͳͳ ͬ͹ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳʹ
– ͼͺ͹ͻͽͳͬ͸͹ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͹͸ͪͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰͷ͹ͻͪͶ·͸͹ͬ͹ͶͰͬΆ΀͵ͪ΂Ͱͼͽͬ ͬ͹ͼͺͳ
ͽͪ͸ͳͰͬΆ͸͹ͼͶͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͼͽ͹ʹ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͷ;ͱͰͼͽͬͪ ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͬͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͰͲͪ͸ΊͽͳʹͿͳͲͳ
΂Ͱͼ͵͹ʹ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͹ʹͳͼͺ͹ͻͽ͹ͷ
– ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻ͸͹ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͹͸ͪͻͪͲͬͳͽͳͰͽͬ͹ͻ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͰʹ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ
΂ͰͻͰͲ ͺͻͳ͹ͫ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͳ΀ ͵ ͷ;ͲΆ͵ͪͶ·͸͹ͷ; Ϳ͹Ͷ·͵Ͷ͹ͻ; ;ͼͽ͸͹ͷ; ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷ; ͽͬ͹ͻ΂Ͱͼͽͬ; ͷͳͻ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ά΀ ͺͻͪͲͯ͸ͳ͵͹ͬ Ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͼͽͬ͹ͼ͹ͫΆ΂ͪΊͷͳͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΊͷͳͻ;ͼͼ͵͹ͭ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
̹͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͽͷͰ΂ͪͰͽ ΂ͽ͹ͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽͪ͸ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ·͸ͪΊͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͺͪͽͻͳ
͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ
͈͹ͷͳͷ͹Έͽ͹ͭ͹ ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸Ά΀ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͰʹ΃͵͹Ͷ;͵ͪͲͪͶͳ
͸ͪͽ͹ ΂ͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͼͽ͹Ί΄ͳʹͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͯͪ͸͸ͪΊͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͻͪͲͻͪͫͪͽΆͬͪͰͽͼΊ
̺ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ ΃͵͹Ͷ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹͹ͽͳ΀ͽͳͺͪͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͳͷͰͰͽͼΊͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽͪ͸͸ͪΊͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ·
͸ͪΊͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͪͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ͈ͻͳΈͽ͹ͷͬͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸Ά΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ͼ;ͭͶ;ͫ
ͶͰ͸͸Άͷ ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͪ ͽͪ͵ͱͰ ͬ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ΀ ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί
ͯͪ͸͸Άʹͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶ·ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ–

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽͪ͸͸͹ʹͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͻͪͲͻͪΌͰ͸ͰͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵Ͱͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ
;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͼͺͰ΁ͳ ͇ͫΆ΂ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹͽͳͺ
ͪͶ·͸͹ʹͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͳ ͸ͪΊ ͲͳΊ ͸ͪΊ ͼ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸Άͷ ͸ͪΊ ͼ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸Άͷ ΃͵͹ͶΆ
ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷͳ͸͹ ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͷͪͽͰͷͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͽͳ͵ͳ
́ͷͰͰͽͼΊ
͆ͰͳͷͰͰͽͼΊ ͸͹

ͻͪͲͻͪͫͪͽΆͬͪͰͽͼΊ
͆ͰͳͷͰͰͽͼΊͳͺ͹͵ͪ

͸ͰͺͶͪ͸ͳͻ;ͰͽͼΊ

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͻͪͲͻͪͫ͹ͽͪ͸͸͹ʹͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͻͪͲͻͪΌͰ͸ͰͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵Ͱͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ
;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
͌ͻͪͶͳ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ̸ͭͻͪͻ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹
̀ͪͺͪͯ ͸ͪΊ
ͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ʹ ͅͰͭͪͺ͹ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͸ΆͰ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ
͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ·
ͳ̽ͪͶ·
ͷͰͽ͹ͯͳ͵ͳ ͶͳͼΆ ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ
͊ͳ ͸ͳʹ
͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ͸Ά ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί
ͫͳͻ· ̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
́ͷͰͰͽͼΊ
͆ͰͳͷͰͰͽͼΊ
͸͹ͻͪͲͻͪͫͪ
ͽΆͬͪͰͽͼΊ
͆ͰͳͷͰͰͽͼΊͳ
ͺ͹͵ͪ ͸Ͱ
ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻ;ͰͽͼΊ
͆ͪͳͫ͹ͶͰͰ ΂ͪͼͽ͹ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ; ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΉ ;ͯͰͶΊΉͽ ͬ͸ͳͷͪ͸ͳͰ ͸ͪ ͵Ͷͪͼͼ͸͹ͷ ΂ͪͼͰ

ͬ͹ͬ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹΂͸͹ͰͬͻͰͷΊ
ͳ͸ͪ͹ͫΆ΂͸Ά΀;ͻ͹͵ͪ΀
ͼͷͻͳͼ
͋ͪ͵ͳͷ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͷ
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͸ͪͻΊͯ;ͼ͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άͷͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰͷ ͻͰͪͶͳͲ;ͰͽͼΊͺ͹
ͼͽ͹Ί͸͸͹ ͸ͪͬͼͰͷͺͻ͹ͽΊͱͰ͸ͳͳͳ΀ͺͻͰͫΆͬͪ͸ͳΊͬ΃͵͹ͶͰ

95,3
90,5
86,1
46,8
24,6
ɇɚɨɛɵɱɧɵɯɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɇɚɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɦɱɚɫɟɫ ȼɨɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ ɗɬɢɦɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɗɬɢɦɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ

ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɚɹɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɵɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɹ
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͍͹ͻͷΆͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬ

̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͇ͫͶͳ΁ͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ ;
͆ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆͳͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͸ͪͳͫ͹ͶͰͰ΂ͪͼͽ͹Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆ;͵ͪͲΆͬͪͶͳͬͯͪ͸͸͹ʹͼͬΊͲͳ

ͼͶͰͯ;Ή΄ͳͰͬͪͻͳͪ͸ͽΆ͹ͽͬͰͽͪj͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͼ͸͹ͷ΂ͪͼͰv jͬ͹ͬ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹΂͸͹ͰͬͻͰͷΊvͳj͸ͪ͹ͫΆ΂͸Ά΀;ͻ͹
͵ͪ΀v ͼͷͽͪͫͶ–

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͍͹ͻͷΆͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ
͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͇ͫͶͳ΁ͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹ
͍͹ͻͷΆ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ ͼ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ
͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ͸ͳͰͷͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͽͳͺ
ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͸ͳͰͷͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͳ ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͆ͪ͹ͫΆ΂͸Ά΀;ͻ͹͵ͪ΀
͆ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͼ͸͹ͷ΂ͪͼͰ ͼ
͵Ͷͪͼͼ͸Άͷͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰ
ͶͰͷ
̺͹ͬ͸Ͱ;ͻ͹΂͸͹ͰͬͻͰͷΊ
͖ͽͳͷͲͪ͸ͳͷͪͰͽͼΊ
΃͵͹Ͷ·͸ͪΊͫͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ
͖ͽͳͷͲͪ͸ͳͷͪΉͽͼΊ
ͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱ͸ΆͰ͹ͫ΄Ͱ
ͼͽͬͰ͸͸ΆͰͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ

900
͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ̺ͻͰͷΊͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳΊͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ
͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̺ͻͰͷͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
ͅͰͭͪ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ̸ͭͻͪͻ͸ΆͰ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͌ͻͪͶͳ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂
ͺ͹Ͷͳ ͸͹ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͸ͪΊ
͍͹ͻͷΆ ͼΆ ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳͳ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ ͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ·
͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ͵ͳ̓ͪͬ͵ͪ ͵ͳ͈ͻͳ ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ͳ̽ͪͶ·
Ͳͪ ͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί ͸ͳʹ
̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
͆ͪ͹ͫΆ΂
͸Ά΀;ͻ͹͵ͪ΀
͆ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͼ
͸͹ͷ΂ͪͼͰ ͼ
͵Ͷͪͼͼ͸Άͷ
ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ
ͽͰͶͰͷ
̺͹ͬ͸Ͱ
;ͻ͹΂͸͹Ͱ
ͬͻͰͷΊ
͖ͽͳͷͲͪ͸ͳ
ͷͪͰͽͼΊ
΃͵͹Ͷ·͸ͪΊ
ͫͳͫͶͳ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ
͖ͽͳͷͲͪ͸ͳ
ͷͪΉͽͼΊ
ͷ͹Ͷ͹ͯͰͱ
͸ΆͰ͹ͫ΄Ͱ
ͼͽͬͰ͸͸ΆͰ
ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ
̺͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹Ͱ ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳͰ ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊΉ΄ͰͰͺ͹ͷ͹΄·ͬͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͷͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͪͷͬ͹ʹ͸Άͳͫ͹Ͱ

ͬΆ΀ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳʹͬͭ͹ͻΊ΂ͳ΀ͽ͹΂͵ͪ΀– ͹ͯͳ͸ͳͲͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͹ͬͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ̺
ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ΃͵͹Ͷͼ;΄Ͱͼͽͬ;Ͱͽͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸͹Ͱͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͰͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳͰ͈ͻͳΈͽ͹ͷͰͭ͹ͬΆͼ͹͵;ΉΈͿ
ͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ· ͺ͹ͯ΂Ͱͻ͵ͳͬͪΉͽ Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ ̾΄Ͱ ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸Ά΀ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͰʹ ΃͵͹Ͷ
ͻͪͲͯͰͶΊΉͽͽ͹΂͵;ͲͻͰ͸ͳΊ͹͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͸·ͬΆͼ͹͵͹ʹΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊͬͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱ
ͼ͵͹ͷͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͳ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ̺ͽ͹ͱͰͬͻͰͷΊ ͬͫ͹ͶͰͰͽͻͰͽͳ΃͵͹Ͷͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͹ͼ;
΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ ͺ͹ͷ͹΄·ͬͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͷͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͪͷͬ͹ʹ͸Άͳͫ͹ͰͬΆ΀ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳʹͬͭ͹ͻΊ΂ͳ΀ͽ͹΂͵ͪ΀
͸Ͱͽ ͼͷͻͳͼ

901
42,3
35,1
21,9
0,7
ȿɫɬɶɢɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ȿɫɬɶɧɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɧɟ ȿɫɬɶɧɨɷɮɮɟɤɬɚɨɬɧɟɝɨ ɇɟɬɬɚɤɨɝɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ

ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɨɱɟɧɶɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɟɬ
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹ͷ͹΄·ͬͰͽͰͻͪ

͸ͪͷͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͪͷͬ͹ʹ͸Άͳͫ͹ͰͬΆ΀ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳʹͬͭ͹ͻΊ΂ͳ΀ͽ͹΂͵ͪ΀ ͬ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͷͪͱͰͬͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͳͷͪͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳ
ͯͳͷͪͻͪͽͪͳͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͯͰΒͼͽͪͬͪ;͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪ ;

̹͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͳ΀ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ΆͰ ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͼ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸Άͷ

ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͪ ͽͪ͵ͱͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ ͳ ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί
͹ͽͷͰ΂ͪΉͽͬΆͼ͹͵;ΉΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ·ͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹ͷ͹΄·ͬͰͽͰ
ͻͪ͸ͪͷͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͪͷͬ͹ʹ͸Άͳͫ͹ͰͬΆ΀ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳʹͬͭ͹ͻΊ΂ͳ΀ͽ͹΂͵ͪ΀ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ–

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹ͷ͹΄·ͬͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ

ͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͪͷͬ͹ʹ͸Άͳͫ͹ͰͬΆ΀ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳʹͬͭ͹ͻΊ΂ͳ΀ͽ͹΂͵ͪ΀ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͷͪͱͰͬͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͳͷͪͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͷͪ
ͻͪͽͪͳͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ͯͰΒͼͽͪͬͪ;͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ͹Ͷ͹͸
ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹ
͸ͳΊ ͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͽͳͺ
Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͰͷͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͳ ΃͵͹ͶΆ
̾ͼͽ· ͳΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ

͸͹ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͰͽ
̾ͼͽ· ͸͹ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͰͽ
͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͸·ΈͿͿͰ͵
ͽͳͬ͸͹
̾ͼͽ· ͸͹ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͪ

͹ͽ͸Ͱͭ͹͸Ͱͽ
͆Ͱͽͽͪ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͬͳ

ͱͰ͸ͳΊ

902
͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͹ͼ;΄ͰͼͽͬͶΊΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹ͷ͹΄·ͬͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͪͷͳ
ͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͪͷͬ͹ʹ͸Άͳͫ͹ͰͬΆ΀ͯͰʹͼͽͬͳʹͬͭ͹ͻΊ΂ͳ΀ͽ͹΂͵ͪ΀ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ;΃͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͷͪͱͰͬͰͽͰͻͪ͸ͳͷͪͳͳ͸ͬͪͶͳͯͳͷͪ
ͻͪͽͪͳͻͪͽ͸ͳ΀ ͯͰΒͼͽͪͬͪ;͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ· ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·
ͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻ ͌ͻͪͶͳ ͸ͪΊ
ͅͰͭͪͺ͹ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ̸ͭͻͪͻ͸ΆͰ ͸ΆͰͻͰͼͺ;ͫ ͸ΆͰͻͰͼͺ;ͫ
ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ·ͳ
ͶͳͼΆ ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά Ͷͳ͵ͳ̓ͪͬ͵ͪ Ͷͳ͵ͳ͈ͻͳ
ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ̽ͪͶ·͸ͳʹ
͊ͰͬͰͻͪ Ͳͪ ͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί
̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
̾ͼͽ· ͳ
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ

͸͹ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪ
Ͱͽ
̾ͼͽ· ͸͹
ͻͪͫ͹ͽͪͰͽ
͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͸·
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ
͸͹
̾ͼͽ· ͸͹
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͪ͹ͽ
͸Ͱͭ͹͸Ͱͽ
͆Ͱͽͽͪ͵͹ͭ͹

ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ
͈ͻͳΈͽ͹ͷ ͬͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ΃͵͹Ͷͼ;΄Ͱͼͽͬ;Ͱͽͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͪͺ͹΀͹ͯ͹ͬ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͺ͹ͷͪͻ΃ͻ;ͽͪͷͫ͹
Ͱͬ͹ʹͼͶͪͬΆ

͈͹ͯ͹ͫ͸ͪΊͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͪͬͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͹΂͸͹ʹͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͬ͹ͬͼͰ΀ͽͳͺͪ΀΃͵͹Ͷ Ͳͪͳͼ͵ͶΉ
΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸Ά΀΃͵͹Ͷͼ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͳͺ͹΀͹ͯ͹ͬ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͺ͹ͷͪͻ΃ͻ;ͽͪͷͫ͹Ͱͬ͹ʹͼͶͪͬΆ ͬͲͪͬͳ

ͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ;΃͵͹Ͷͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͺ͹΀͹ͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͳͷͪͬ͹Β͸ͳ΂͵ͰͼͶͪͬͰ
;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰ
͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͳ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹͽͳͺ
͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ
ͺ͹΀͹ͯ͹ͬ ΃͵͹ͶΆ
ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͳ
́ͷͰͰͽͼΊ
͆ͰͳͷͰͰͽͼΊ
͆Ͱͬ͵;ͻͼͰ

903
͈͹ͷͳͷ͹ Έͽ͹ͭ͹ ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ ͬͼͰ Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͳͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ
̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ ͽͪ͵ͱͰ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͶͳ͸ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͳͺ͹΀͹ͯ͹ͬ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͺ͹ͷͪͻ΃ͻ;ͽͪͷͫ͹Ͱͬ͹ʹ
ͼͶͪͬΆ͋ͪ͵ͱͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶͰ͸ͯͪ͸͸Άʹͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶ·ͬ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ΀͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί ͷͰͭͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͼͪ΀ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ͲͰͷ·Ͱͳͪͭͻͪͻ͸Ά΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ΀ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹ͶͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͳ ͺ͹΀͹ͯ͹ͬ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͺ͹ͷͪͻ΃ͻ;ͽͪͷͫ͹Ͱͬ͹ʹͼͶͪͬΆ ͬͲͪͬͳ

ͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ;΃͵͹Ͷͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͺ͹΀͹ͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͳͷͪͬ͹Β͸ͳ΂͵ͰͼͶͪͬͰ
;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
ͅͰͭͪͺ͹ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ· ̸ͭͻͪͻ͸ΆͰ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͌ͻͪͶͳ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰ ͶͳͼΆ ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͸ΆͰͪͬͽ͹͸͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͸ͪΊ
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ ͷͳͳ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ·
͵ͳ ͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ͳ̽ͪͶ·
ͺ͹΀͹ͯ͹ͬ ͸ͳʹ
̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
́ͷͰͰͽͼΊ
͆Ͱ
ͳͷͰͰͽͼΊ
͆Ͱͬ
͵;ͻͼͰ
̓ͪ͵ͳͬͼͶ;΂ͪͰͼͺ͹΀͹ͯͪͷͳ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͺ͹ͷͪͻ΃ͻ;ͽͪͷͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͽͰͶ·͸Ά΀ͭͰͻ͹Ͱͬ ͳͲ͹ͫͻͪͱͰ͸͸Ά΀
ͬ ΀;ͯ͹ͱͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹ ͵Ͷͪͼͼͳ͵Ͱ ͪ ͽͪ͵ͱͰ ͬ ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽͼͽͬ;Ή΄Ͱʹ ͬ ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸͹ʹ ͺͻ͹ͭͻͪͷͷͰ
͸ͪͳͫ͹ͶͰͰ΂ͪͼͽ͹ͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸ΆͰͺ͹΀͹ͯΆ͹ͺͶͪ΂ͳͬͪΉͽͼΊͻ͹ͯͳͽͰͶΊͷͳ
̹͹ͶͰͰ΂ͰͷͬͽͻͰͽͳͼͶ;΂ͪͰͬ
Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͬΆͯͰͶΊͰͽ΃͵͹Ͷͪ
ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳͬ΂ͰͽͬͰͻͽͳͼͶ;΂ͪͰͬ– ͼͺ͹͸ͼ͹ͻΆ

ͼͷͻͳͼ

77,8
35,2
23,5
12,6
ɒɤɨɥɚ Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɢɬɟɬ Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɋɩɨɧɫɨɪɵ
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵́ͼͽ͹΂͸ͳ͵ͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͺ͹΀͹ͯ͹ͬ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͺ͹ͷͪͻ΃ͻ;ͽͪͷͫ͹Ͱͬ͹ʹͼͶͪͬΆ ͬ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ́Ͳͬ͹ͻͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪΔͪͺ͹΀͹ͯͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͽͻͪͭ͹ͬͳͷͪͬ͹Β͸ͳ΂͵ͰͼͶͪͬͰ ;
904
̺ ͺ͹ͯͪͬͶΊΉ΄Ͱͷ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ ΃͵͹Ͷ ͬ ͯͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͪͻͳͳ ͳͷͰΉͽͼΊ $%ͯͳͼ͵ͳ ΀;ͯ͹ͱͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹ
ͳͶͳͳ͸͹ʹ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͯͶΊͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ

̺ͼͰ Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͳͰ ͭͳͷ͸ͪͲͳͳ ͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ΆͰ ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͼ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸Άͷ
ͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͳ ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ͲͰͷ·Ί ;͵ͪͲͪͶͳ͸ͪ͸ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ͺ͹
ͯ͹ͫ͸Ά΀ͷͪͽͰͻͳͪͶ͹ͬ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ–

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸͹ͷͯͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͪͻͳͳ$%ͯͳͼ͵͹ͬ΀;ͯ͹ͱͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹͳͶͳͳ͸͹ʹ͸ͪͺͻͪͬ
ͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͯͶΊͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͺ͹;͵͹ͷͺͪ͵ͽ¢ͯͳͼ͵͹ͬͪ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͷͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ; ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰ$% ͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹͽͳͺ
ͯͳͼ͵͹ͬ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ΃͵͹ͶΆ
ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͳ
́ͷͰΉͽͼΊ
͆ͰͳͷͰΉͽͼΊ

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸͹ͷͯͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͪͻͳͳ$%ͯͳͼ͵͹ͬ΀;ͯ͹ͱͰͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ʹͳͶͳͳ͸͹ʹ͸ͪͺͻͪͬ
ͶͰ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͯͶΊͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ;΃͵͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͺ͹;͵͹ͷͺͪ͵ͽ¢ͯͳͼ͵͹ͬͪ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͪ
͵͹ΒͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͽͳ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͷͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ; ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
ͅͰͭͪͺ͹ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ· ̸ͭͻͪͻ͸ΆͰ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ· ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ· ͌ͻͪͶͳ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰ
ͶͳͼΆ ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͸ΆͰͪͬͽ͹͸͹ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά ͸ΆͰͻͰͼͺ;ͫ ͸ΆͰͻͰͼͺ;ͫ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͸ͪΊ
$%
ͷͳͳ͊ͰͬͰͻͪ Ͷͳ͵ͳ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ Ͷͳ͵ͳ͈ͻͳ ͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ͳ
ͯͳͼ͵͹ͬ
ͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ̽ͪͶ·͸ͳʹ
̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
́ͷͰΉͽͼΊ
͆Ͱ

ͳͷͰΉͽͼΊ
͈ͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͳ ͬͼͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͶͳ ΂ͽ͹ͬͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͵ͻͪͰ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ

ͳͷͰΉͽͼΊͽͪ͵ͳͰ
͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽΆ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ ͺ͹ͼͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͳ ͻͪͼͼ͵ͪͲ ͹ ͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ ͷ͹ͱͰͽ ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͳͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪͽ·ͼΊ ͯͶΊ
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ
͈ͻͳΈͽ͹ͷͬͷͰͭͪͺ͹Ͷͳͼͪ΀ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͸ͪ΁ͳ
͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΊ΀͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ͪͭͻͪͻ͸Ά΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ΀̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪͳ͈ͻͳ
ͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ίͯͪ͸͸Άʹͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰͶ·ͼ͹ͼͽͪͬͶΊͰͽ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ

905
͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰͬͼ;ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͪ΀͉͍͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ ͺ͹ͼͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳͰͳͻͪͼͼ͵ͪͲ͹͵͹ͽ͹ͻΆ΀ͷ͹
ͱͰͽΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪͽ·ͼΊͯͶΊͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽ
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;ͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͷ͉͍ͪ ΂ͳΒͳ͹ͫͳͶͪͲͪ͵ͳͺͻͳ΂ͪ͹Δͳͷͪͷ͹ͭ;
ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͫͳͽͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͰ͸ͳ;΁ͳΓ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ
;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
ͅͰͭͪͺ͹ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ̸ͭͻͪͻ͸ΆͰ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ· ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͌ͻͪͶͳ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂
ͶͳͼΆ ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά ͸ΆͰͻͰͼͺ;ͫ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͸ͪΊ
͆ͪͶͳ΂ͳͰ
ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳͳ Ͷͳ͵ͳ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ·
͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ
͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ͳ̽ͪͶ·
͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ
͸ͳʹ
̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
́ͷͰΉͽͼΊ

͆Ͱ

ͳͷͰΉͽͼΊ
͆Ͱ͹ͫ΀͹ͯͳͷ͹ ͹ͽͷͰͽͳͽ· ΂ͽ͹ ΃͵͹Ͷͳͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ;Ήͽͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸ΆͰ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽΆͬͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ

͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͬͬͳͯͰΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳʹͳͻͪͼͼ͵ͪͲͪ ͹ͫΈͽͳ΀͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͪ΀

ͼͷͻͳͼ

ɇɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ
1,5
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ
98,5
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ́ͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ʹ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͬͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ
͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͬ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ̓͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ;΁ͳΓ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;

̺͹ͬͼͰ΀ͼͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸Ά΀ ΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ͼ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪͳͶͳ
ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͳ ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰͬͬ͹ͬͼͰ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ͷͰͭͪͺ͹Ͷͳͼ͹ͬ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ͲͰͷ·Ί ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵
̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪͳ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί͹ͫ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ͸͸ΆͰ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽΆ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͳͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ;ΉͽͼΊͬͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ
΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ–

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ́ͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ʹ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͬͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳ
ͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̓͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ;΁ͳΓ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
́ͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ
͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹ
͸ͳͰ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ
;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͽͳͺ
͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ
ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͳ ΃͵͹ͶΆ
́ͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ;ͰͽͼΊ
͆Ͱͳͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ;

ͰͽͼΊ

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ́ͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ΃͵͹Ͷ͹ʹ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͬͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳ
ͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̓͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ΃͵͹ͶͰ;΁ͳΓ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ
;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
ͅͰͭͪͺ͹ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ̸ͭͻͪͻ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͌ͻͪͶͳ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂
́ͼͺ͹Ͷ· ͶͳͼΆ ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͸ΆͰ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯ ͸ͪΊ
Ͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰ ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͳ ͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ·
͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽ͹ͬ ͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ͳ̽ͪͶ·
͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ ͸ͳʹ
̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
́ͼͺ͹Ͷ·
Ͳ;ͰͽͼΊ
͆Ͱͳͼ
ͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ;Ͱͽ
ͼΊ
͈͹ͯͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͰͰ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ ͼ΂ͳͽͪͰͽ ͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸ΆͰ Έ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳͳ ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Άͷͳ ͯͶΊ

ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ
̾΄Ͱ ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸Ά΀ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͰʹ΃͵͹Ͷ
͹ͽͷͰ΂ͪΉͽ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͰͶ·͸;ΉΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ·ͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸Ά΀ͷͰͻ͹ͺͻͳΊͽͳʹ͋͹Ͷ·͵͹ ͻͰͼͺ͹͸ͯͰ͸ͽ͹ͬ
Ͳͪͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳͶͳͼ·ͼ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͼͷͻͳͼ

907
͇΂Ͱ͸·
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ΆͰ
͖ͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ΆͰ ͸͹
͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͸·
͋ͻ;ͯ͸͹ͼ͵ͪͲͪͽ·
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳʹͺ͹͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͪͷ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͯͶΊ
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͬ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͰ͵ͼ͵;ͻͲͳΒͪͺ͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͷͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;
̺͹ͬͼͰ΀ͭͻ;ͺͺͪ΀Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬͺͻͰͬͪͶͳͻ;Ͱͽͽ͹΂͵ͪͲͻͰ͸ͳΊ͹ͬΆͼ͹͵͹ʹͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ
Έ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳʹͺ͹͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͪͷ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͯͶΊͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ–

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳʹͺ͹͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͪͷ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͯͶΊ
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͰ͵ͼ͵;ͻͲͳΒͪͺ͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͷͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹ
ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ
;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͽͳͺ
͇΂Ͱ͸· ΈͿͿͰ͵

ͽͳͬ͸ΆͰ
͖ͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ΆͰ

͸͹͸Ͱ͹΂Ͱ͸·
͋ͻ;ͯ͸͹ͼ͵ͪͲͪͽ·

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳʹͺ͹͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͪͷ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆͯͶΊ
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͰ͵ͼ͵;ͻͲͳΒͪͺ͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͷͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͷͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ;;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
ͅͰͭͪͺ͹ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ̸ͭͻͪͻ͸ΆͰ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ· ͌ͻͪͶͳ ̺͹ͼͽ͹΂͸ͪΊ
ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͶͳͼΆ ͸͹ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͸ΆͰͻͰͼͺ;ͫ ̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ·ͳ
ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳͳ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ Ͷͳ͵ͳ͈ͻͳ ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ̽ͪͶ·͸ͳʹ
͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ͵ͳ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ ͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί ̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
͇΂Ͱ͸·
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ
͸ΆͰ
͖ͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ
͸ΆͰ ͸͹͸Ͱ
͹΂Ͱ͸·
͋ͻ;ͯ͸͹

ͼ͵ͪͲͪͽ·
̺ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹͹ͺͻ͹ͼͪΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽͪͷͺͻͰͯͶͪͭͪͶ͹ͼ·͹΁Ͱ͸ͳͽ·΁ͰͶͰͼ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ͼͽ·ͼͽ͹΂͵ͳ
ͲͻͰ͸ͳΊ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͶͰ͸ͳΊ ΃͵͹Ͷ·͸ͳ͵͹ͬ ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͼ ͵͸ͳͭ͹ʹ ̺
͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪj̺͹͵͹ͺͪ΀͊ͽͪͶͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪv ͬ͵͹ͽ͹ͻ͹ʹ͹ͽ͹ͫͻͪͱͪͰͽͼΊͭͰͻ͹ͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͰͱͳͽͰͶͰʹ
ͬ͹ͬͻͰͷΊͫͳͽͬΆͼͭͳͽͶͰͻ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͳͬ͹ʹͼ͵ͪͷͳͼͳΉͶΊͭ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͿͰͬͻͪͶ·ͭ͹ͯͪ ͬͽ͹ͷ΂ͳͼͶͰ
΂ͰͻͰͲ Έ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳΉ ͺ͹ ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷ ͳ ͯ͹ͷͪͷ ͭͯͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͶͳ ͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͷΆͰ ͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬΆͷ ͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊ
͈͹ͯͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͰͰ ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹ Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ ͹ͽ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͼ· ͵ ͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸͹ʹ ͳͯͰͰ

͋͹Ͷ·͵͹ ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸Ά΀ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͰʹ ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͺͻͳͯͰͻͱͳͬͪΉͽͼΊ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱ͸͹ʹ ͽ͹΂͵ͳ
ͲͻͰ͸ͳΊ ͼͷͻͳͼ

͆ͪͳͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͰͰ͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ ͻͪͲͯͰͶΊΉ΄ͳ΀ͷ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ͹΁ͰͶͰͼ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͹ͬͷͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊ
͹Ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͼͼ͹ͯͰͻͱͪ͸ͳͰͷ͵͸ͳͭͳ̺͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪj̺͹͵͹ͺͪ΀͊ͽͪͶͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪvͳΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳͳͺ͹;Ͷͳ
΁ͪͷͳͯ͹ͷͪͷ ͭͯͰͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͶͳ͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͷΆͰ͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬΆͷͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊ ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ΃͵͹Ͷ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ
ͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͹ͽͷͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͬ͹ͫΆ΂͸Ά΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ ͬͭͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ΀ͳjͯͻ;ͭͳ΀v
΃͵͹Ͷͪ΀ ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰͬ͹ͬͼͰ΀ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ΀ ͼͷͽͪͫͶ–

909
͏ͰͶͰͼ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹
ͺ͹ͬΆͼͳͽ
ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪͽͰͶ·͸Άʹ
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽ
͆ͳ΂Ͱͭ͹
ͯ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͸ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹
ͺ͹ͼͻͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉͼ
̀ͪͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳͶͳͼ· ͺͻ͹΂ͽͰ͸ͳͰͷ͵͸ͳͭͳ
͹ͽͬͰͽͳͽ· ͸Ͱͯͪͼͽ
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹΁ͰͶͰͼ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͹ͬͷͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͶͰ͸ͳΊͼͼ͹ͯͰͻͱͪ͸ͳͰͷ
͵͸ͳͭͳ̺͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪj̺͹͵͹ͺͪ΀͊ͽͪͶͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪvͳΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳͳͺ͹;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͳͯ͹ͷͪͷ ͭͯͰͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͶͳ
͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͷΆͰ͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬΆͷͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊ ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ΃͵͹Ͷ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͻͼͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͳͲ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ
ͼͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰͷ͵ΔͳͭͰ̺͢Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪ͌ͻ͹ͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ͊ͽͪΓͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪ ͳ͹ͫͳͶͪͼ͵ͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͳ͵;ΕͪͭͯͰͼ;ͼͰ
͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪͶͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͳͲ͵ΔͳͭͰ͢Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ;

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹΁ͰͶͰͼ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͹ͬͷͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͶͰ͸ͳΊͼͼ͹ͯͰͻͱͪ͸ͳͰͷ
͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͷΆͰ ͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬΆͷ ͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊ ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ΃͵͹Ͷ ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͬ ͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͻͼͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͳͲ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͼͪ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰͷ͵ΔͳͭͰ̺͢Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪt͌ͻ͹ͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ͊ͽͪΓͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪiͳ͹ͫͳͶͪͼ͵ͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͳ͵;ΕͪͭͯͰͼ;ͼͰ
͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪͶͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ;͵ΔͳͲͳ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ
΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹ
ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ
͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͽͳͺ
͏ͰͶͰͼ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹
ͺ͹ͬΆͼͳͽͬ͹ͼͺͳ
ͽͪͽͰͶ·͸Άʹ
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽ
910
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ʹ
ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ
͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͽͳͺ
͆ͳ΂Ͱͭ͹ͯ͹ͺ͹Ͷ
͸ͳͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͺ͹
ͼͻͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉͼ
ͺͻ͹΂ͽͰ͸ͳͰͷ
͵͸ͳͭͳ ͸Ͱͯͪͼͽ
̀ͪͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳͶͳͼ·
͹ͽͬͰͽͳͽ·

͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹΁ͰͶͰͼ͹͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ͼͽͳͼ͹ͬͷͰ΄Ͱ͸ͳΊ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͶͰ͸ͳΊͼͼ͹ͯͰͻͱͪ͸ͳͰͷ
͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͷΆͰ͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬΆͷͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊ ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ΃͵͹Ͷ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹
ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬͻͼͳͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ΃͵͹ͶͪͳͲ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪ
ͯͪͼͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͰͷ͵ΔͳͭͰ̺͢Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪ͌ͻ͹ͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ͊ͽͪΓͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪ ͳ͹ͫͳͶͪͼ͵ͪ;Ͷͳ΁ͪͳ͵;ΕͪͭͯͰͼ;ͼͰ
͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪͶͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͳͲ͵ΔͳͭͰ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ;
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸Ά
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹
̺͹ͼͽ͹΂
͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ
ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ ͅͰͭͪͺ͹Ͷͳ ͆Ͱ΂Ͱͻ͸͹ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ̸ͭͻͪͻ͸ΆͰ ͸ͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫ ͌ͻͪͶͳ ͸ͪΊ
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͪΊ ͊ͳͫͳͻ·ͳ
ͼΆ ͲͰͷ·Ͱ ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳͳ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸Ά ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ Ͷͳ͵ͳ
͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ͵ͳ̓ͪͬ͵ͪͲͪ ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷ ͊ͳͫͳͻ· ̽ͪͶ·͸ͳʹ
̺͹ͼͽ͹͵
ͱ·Ί
͏ͰͶͰͼ͹͹ͫ
ͻͪͲ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬΆ
ͼͳͽͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ
ͽͰͶ·͸Άʹ
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽ
͆ͳ΂Ͱͭ͹
ͯ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͸ͳ
ͽͰͶ·͸͹ͭ͹ ͺ͹
͵͸ͳͭͳ ͸Ͱ
ͯͪͼͽ
̀ͪͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ
Ͷͳͼ· ͹ͽͬͰ
ͽͳͽ·
͈ͻͳΈͽ͹ͷͫ͹ͶͰͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ΆΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬͽͪ͵ͱͰͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱͳͬͪΉͽͳͯͰΉ͹ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳͳΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻ
ͼͳͳͺ͹;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͳͯ͹ͷͪͷ ͭͯͰͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͶͳ͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͷΆͰͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊͬ͵͸ͳͭͰ̺͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪj̺͹͵͹
ͺͪ΀͊ͽͪͶͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪv ͼͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬΆͷͼ͹ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͱͯͰ͸ͳͰͷ͸ͪ$%ͯͳͼ͵ͰͳͶͳͳ͸͹ͷΈͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸͸͹ͷ͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶͰ
ͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ΃͵͹Ͷ ͸ͪ΀͹ͯΊ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͲͪͺͻͰͯͰͶͪͷͳ̺͹Ͷͭ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ
911

͋͹Ͷ·͵͹ͷͰ͸ͰͰͼͰͯ·ͷ͹ʹ΂ͪͼͽͳ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͱ͸͸Ά΀ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳͽͰͶͰʹ΃͵͹ͶͺͻͳͯͰͻͱͳͬͪΉͽͼΊͽ͹΂
͵ͳͲͻͰ͸ͳΊ ΂ͽ͹ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽ͹ͽͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸͹ʹͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳͳͫ;ͯͰͽ͸Ͱͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͻͪͬ͸Ͱ͸ͳΉͼͺͻ͹΂ͽͰ
͸ͳͰͷ͵͸ͳͭͳ
ͼͷͻͳͼ

̹;ͯͰͽ
ΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Άͷ

͖ͿͿͰ͵ͽͫ;ͯͰͽ
͸Ͱͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳͷ ͺ͹
͵͸ͳͭͳ
̀ͪͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳͶͳͼ·
͹ͽͬͰͽͳͽ·
͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳͳΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳͳͺ͹;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͳ
ͯ͹ͷͪͷ ͭͯͰͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͶͳ͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͷΆͰͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊͬ͵͸ͳͭͰ̺͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪj̺͹͵͹ͺͪ΀͊ͽͪͶͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪv ͼ
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬΆͷͼ͹ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͱͯͰ͸ͳͰͷ͸ͪ$%ͯͳͼ͵ͰͳͶͳͳ͸͹ͷΈͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸͸͹ͷ͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶͰͼͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹
ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬ
̻ͻͪͿͳ͵͹͸ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͰ͵ͼ͵;ͻͲͳΒͰͺ͹;Ͷͳ
΁ͪͷͪͳ͵;ΕͪͷͪͭͯͰͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪͶͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ;͵ΔͳͲͳ̺͢Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪt͌ͻ͹ͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ
͊ͽͪΓͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪi ;Ͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͵ͽͯͳͼ͵;ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͪ΂;ͼͪͺ͹Ͳͳ
΁ͳΒͪͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ;

͆ͪͳͫ͹ͶͰͰ ΂ͪͼͽ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻΊͽ ͹ͫΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳͳͺ͹ͯ͹ͫ͸͹ʹ Έ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳͳ͸ͪͻΊͯ;ͼ
ͺͻ͹΂ͽͰ͸ͳͰͷ͵͸ͳͭͳΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͶΊΉ΄ͳͰjͯͻ;ͭͳͰv΃͵͹ͶΆ ͪͽͪ͵ͱͰͻͪͫ͹ͽͪΉ΄ͳͰͬ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͪͬͽ͹͸͹ͷͳΊ΀ ͊ͰͬͰͻͪ ͪͭͻͪͻ͸Ά΀ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ΀ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ·͸Ά΀ ͻͰͼͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ΀ ͈ͻͳͬ͹Ͷͱ·Ί
ͫ͹ͶͰͰ
ͼͷͽͪͫͶ

912
͋ͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰΈ͵ͼͺͰͻͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳΈͿͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳͳΈ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳͳͺ͹;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷ
ͳͯ͹ͷͪͷ ͭͯͰͺͻ͹ͳͼ΀͹ͯͳͶͳ͹ͺͳͼΆͬͪͰͷΆͰͼ͹ͫΆͽͳΊͬ͵͸ͳͭͰ̺͆Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪj̺͹͵͹ͺͪ΀͊ͽͪͶͳ͸ͭͻͪ
ͯͪv ͼͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬΆͷͼ͹ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͱͯͰ͸ͳͰͷ͸ͪ$%ͯͳͼ͵ͰͳͶͳͳ͸͹ͷΈͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸͸͹ͷ͸͹ͼͳͽͰͶͰͼͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳͳ
ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͬͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶΆ ͬ
͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͅͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͰ͵ͼ͵;ͻͲͳΒͰͺ͹;Ͷͳ΁ͪͷͪ
ͳ͵;ΕͪͷͪͭͯͰͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪͶͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ;͵ΔͳͲͳ̺͢Ͱ͵ͻͪͼ͹ͬͪ͌ͻ͹ͬ͹ͬͳͷͪ
͊ͽͪΓͳ͸ͭͻͪͯͪ ;Ͳͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͺͪ͵ͽͯͳͼ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͪ΂; ͼͪ
ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͽͳͺͪ΃͵͹ͶͰ ;
͋ͳͺ΃͵͹ͶΆ
͇ͫΆ΂͸ͪΊ ̻ͳͷ͸ͪͲͳΊ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ͊ͺͰ΁ͳͪͶͳͲͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪΊ ͼ ̽ͻ;
;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ;ͭͶ;ͫͶͰ͸͸ΆͷͳͲ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͰͷ ͭ͹ʹ
ͅ͸Ͱ͸ͳͰ
ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͸͹ͭ͹ΊͲΆ͵ͪ ͷͪͽͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͳ ͽͳͺ
΃͵͹
ͶΆ
̹;ͯͰͽ ΈͿ

ͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Άͷ
͖ͿͿͰ͵ͽ
ͫ;ͯͰͽ͸Ͱ
ͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͳͷ ͺ͹

͵͸ͳͭͳ
̀ͪͽͻ;ͯ͸ͳ
Ͷͳͼ· ͹ͽͬͰ
ͽͳͽ·

̸̀̓̈́͗͐̾͆́̾
̺͸ͪͼͽ͹Ί΄ͰͰ ͬͻͰͷΊ͹ͼ͹ͫ;Ήͻ͹Ͷ·ͺͻͳ͹ͫͻͰͽͪΉͽͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷΆͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭ͹ ͸ͻͪͬ
ͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͳͿͳͲͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹Ͳͯ͹ͻ͹ͬ·Ίͺ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹͵͹ͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͽͳͺͪͭͻͪͱ
ͯͪ͸ – ͳͼͽͳ͸͸Ά΀ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽ͹ͬ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽ͹ΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ ͷΆͼͶΊ΄ͳ΀ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ͯͰʹͼͽͬ;Ή΄ͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͪͯͪΉ΄ͳ΀
ͳ͸ͽͰͶͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ·͸Άͷͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳͪͶ͹ͷͳ͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸Άͷͳͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͪͷͳ̺ͪͱ͸Ͱʹ΃Ͱʹ΁ͰͶ·Ήͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸
͸͹ͭ͹ ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͹ͫ΄Ͱͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͭ͹ͼ;ͯͪͻͼͽͬͪ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͰ ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸͹ͺͰͯͪͭ͹ͭͳ΂Ͱͼ͵ͪΊ
ͺ͹ͯͯͰͻͱ͵ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳΊͳͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊͬΆͼ͹͵͹͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͹ͽͬͰͽͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͽͬ͹ͻ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͳ͸ͳ
΁ͳͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ͹ ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͭ͹ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͳ͸͉ͪ͹ͼͼͳͳ͊͹Ͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳʹͯͶΊͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹
ͳ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͭ͹ ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΊ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪΉ΄Ͱͭ͹ ͺ͹͵͹ͶͰ͸ͳΊ – ͹ͯ͸ͪ ͳͲ ͺͻͳ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͸Ά΀ Ͳͪͯͪ΂ ͬ
ͯͰΊͽͰͶ·͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͪͬͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽͬͪͳ͈ͻͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽ͉ͪ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ
̺ͯͪ͸͸͹ʹͼͬΊͲͳ΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͸ͪͻΊͯ;ͼͼͰͷ·Ͱʹ ͳͭͻͪͰͽ͵ͶΉ΂Ͱͬ;Ήͻ͹Ͷ·ͬͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳͳͺ͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪΉ
΄Ͱͭ͹ ͺ͹͵͹ͶͰ͸ͳΊ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͰʹ ͹ͫͶͪͯͪΉ΄ͳ΀ͭͻͪͱͯͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͪͷ͹ͼ͹Ͳ͸ͪ͸ͳͰͷ ͹ͻͳͰ͸ͽͳ
ͻ͹ͬͪ͸͸Ά΀͸ͪͼ͹Ͳͳͯͪ͸ͳͰ ͽͻ;ͯ ͻͪͲͯͰͶΊΉ΄ͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸ΆͰ ͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸ΆͰ΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸͹ͻͷΆ
913
̺΁ͰͶ͹ͷ ͻͰͲ;Ͷ·ͽͪͽΆͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ͳͼͼͶͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ΂ͽ͹Έ͵ͼͺͰͻͽΆͬͳͯΊͽͼͬ͹Ή͹ͼ
͸͹ͬ͸;ΉͿ;͸͵΁ͳΉ ͬͻͪͷ͵ͪ΀ͻͪͫ͹ͽΆ΃͵͹ͶΆͺ͹ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΉ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊͬͿ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͳ͸ͪͳͫ͹
ͶͰͰͫͪͲ͹ͬΆ΀ͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸͸Ά΀ͼ͹΁ͳͪͶ·͸Ά΀΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͰʹͳ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͹͵ͼͰͷͰʹ͸Ά΀΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͰʹ ͶΉͫͬͳ
͵͉͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͰͷͶͰ͸ͳΊ͵ͽͻ;ͯ;͍͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͰͯͪ͸͸Ά΀΁Ͱ͸͸͹ͼͽͰʹͬ͸ͪͳͫ͹Ͷ·΃ͰʹͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͳͼͺ͹
ͼ͹ͫͼͽͬ;Ͱͽ͸ͻͪͬͼͽͬͰ͸͸͹ͷ;ͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͳ΂Ͱͼ͵͹ͷ;ͬ͹ͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳΉ;΂ͪ΄ͳ΀ͼΊ ΂ͽ͹ͺ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶΊͰͽͲͪͶ͹ͱͳͽ·
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͶΊ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻ͹ͬͪ͸ͳΊ ͺ͹Ͷ͸͹΁Ͱ͸͸͹ʹͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͈ͻͳΈͽ͹ͷͯͶΊͯ͹ͼͽͳͱͰ͸ͳΊ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͶͰ͸͸͹ʹ
΁ͰͶͳͳͼͺ͹Ͷ·Ͳ;ΉͽͼΊͻͪͲͶͳ΂͸ΆͰͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫΆͳͷͰͽ͹ͯΆ ͽͪ͵ͳͰ͵ͪ͵ͫͰͼͰͯΆ͸ͪ͵Ͷͪͼͼ͸͹ͷ΂ͪͼͰ ͬ͹ͬͶͰ΂Ͱ
͸ͳͰ ͬ ͬ͹Ͷ͹͸ͽͰͻͼ͵͹Ͱ ͯͬͳͱͰ͸ͳͰ Έ͵ͼ͵;ͻͼͳͳ ͺ͹ ͹ͫ΅Ͱ͵ͽͪͷ ͵;Ͷ·ͽ;ͻΆ ͺͪͷΊͽ͸Άͷ ͷͰͼͽͪͷ ͷͰͼͽͪͷ
ͫ͹Ͱͬ͹ʹͼͶͪͬΆ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
͈͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͶͰ͸ͳͰ͈ͻͪͬͳͽͰͶ·ͼͽ͉ͬͪ͹ͼͼͳʹͼ͵͹ʹ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳͳ͹ͽ0. 12. ΢
914
̸͈͉̺̻̺̾͋̾̾̾́͐͢͠͠͏̸͉͇̺̓
̸̸̸̸͇̹͉̹͇̹͉͇̺̾̓͋́̓͌̈́͋͌͆̾͑͋́͆̾͌͊́͊͋̾͌̀́͢͠ͅ
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̺͈͇͉̺͇͉̺͊́͋̓͊̾̽͊͋̀͊́́̾͆͢͢ͅ͏̸̸͇͎͇̹́͆̈́͆́͊͌̓́
̸̸͎͉͊̾̾̾͋͆́͐̓́͋̾͆̀́͌͌͊́́͢͢͠͠ͅ
͉̾̀́̾ͅ
͆ͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬ;͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;͉;ͼͳΒͳͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶͪͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃͸ͪ
ͳͯͰΒͪͯͰͲͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ΂ͳΒͰͼ;ͼͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ
ͷͶͪͯ͹ͭͺ͹͵͹ΓͰΔͪ͹ͼͰΕͪͶͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͯͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ̓ͪ͹ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ͹ͼͶͪͫͳͶͪΒͰͬͰͲͪͳͲͷͰΌ;΃͵͹ͶͰͳͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓ͉ͪͪͲͶ͹ͭͽ͹ͷͰͫͳͶͳ
ͼ;͵ͪ͵͹͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͻ͹ͯͳͽͰΓͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͺͻͰͲͪ;ͲͰͽͳͽͻͪͭͪΔͰͷͲͪͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͷͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͷͺͶͪ
ͽ͹ͷ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͳͼ΀ͻͪ͸ͳͶͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁;;;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͳ͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ͸ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ΂ͳΒͳ
ΒͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼͫͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͅͰΌ;͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͷ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪͷ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͰͻͪͼͽ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͪͻͪͼͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͰΔͪ
͇ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ΒͰ͸ͪͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͪͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪͯͰ΁Ͱͳͪͯ͹ͶͰͼ΁Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳͷ;͵ͳͯͪΔͰͷ
ͪͷͪͽͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͼͺͰ΃͸͹ͻͪͯͳͶͰ;ͼ͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͋͹͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͰͼͪͷ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͽͼ͵Ͱͳ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͻͰͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ tͻͪͯͳ͹͸ͳ΁Ͱi ͷͶͪͯͳ΀ ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͪ΂ͪ ͬͰΕ ͳ ͻͪͯ͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰ
͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͫͻͳͭͪͯͪ ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͵ͪ͹ͳͶͰͽΔͳ΀͵ͪͷͺ͹ͬͪͻͪͯͪͳ͹ͯͷ͹ͻͪ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͪ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ
ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬͰ ͽ;ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹΀͹ͯͳ
͊ͶͪͫΓͰΔͰͬͪͼͺͳͽ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͻͪͼͺ͉ͪͯͪ͊͊͊ͯ͹ͬͰͶ͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͪ
Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͰΌ;͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸͹ͷ
̸;ͽ͹ͻͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͼͽͪΔͪ;ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͷͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔ;;΂Ͱ
͸ͳ͵ͪͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͽΒͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͪΒͪͬ͸͹ͭ
ͷΔͰΔͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͏Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͲͪͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͺͻ͹ͭ͸͹
Ͳ;ͳͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͳ͸ͭ͌͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪͪ͸͵Ͱͽͳͻͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ ͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͳͻ;ͼ͵ͳ΀΃͵͹Ͷͪ
;
ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ
̸;ͽ͹ͻͯͪΒͰͺͻͰͭͶͰͯͰ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͳ͵ͪ;ͼͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵͹ͭͬͪͼͺͳͽͪΔͪ
;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹Βͻ;ͼ͵͹Β΃͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Βͳͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱͼ;ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔ;ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͲͳΒͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͹ͷͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͷͰΌ;Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ͸ͪͺͰͽ͹ͼͽͳ ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸͹͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͺͪͷΕͰΔͰ
915

͇̽͌͑̓͐̾̈́́ͣͅ1
͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͼͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͼͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͷ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Βͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͳ
͈ͻͪͬ͸ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ
͈͇͊͋
̸͇͍͉̓͆̈́́̓͋͆̾͊͋́͋͌͏̸̸̸͈͉̺́͠
̸̸̺͇͈͇͉͇͊́͆̾͆͆̾̓̾͋͆͊͋́̈́́͠ͅ͏̸
̸̸̸͈͉͇̻͎͇͇̺͇͎͆͆́͊̓͊́̾͋́̾͠ͅ–̸͊͋̾͢
͈͉͈̺́̾͊̾̓͋́̾
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓:̸;ͽ͹ͻ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͯͪͻͪͼͬͰͽͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͯͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪ tͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͰiͻͰͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ ͹͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ; ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͳ ͵;Εͪ
͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͸ͪ͵͹͸΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͪͬ͸ͪͪͭͻͰͼͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋ͳ;ͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ͌ͺͻͪͬͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ
͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͌͆́̓ͅ
͌ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯΒ;͸ͪͯ͹ͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;Ͳ;ͻͺͳͻͪ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹ͼͽͪ
ͷͫͰ͸ͳ΀ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸͹͹͵͹͵;Εͪ ;Ͳ;ͻͺͳͻͪ͸͹ͺͻͰ͵͹ͷͳͶͳ͹͸͵ͪͽͪͼͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪͻ΁ͰͶͪ͹ͫͻͪ
ͯͳͬ͹ͭͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͪ ͳͶͳ ͼͬͳ΀͵ͪͽͪͼͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪͻ΁ͰͶ̸ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ;Ͳͻ͹͵Ͱ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯ͹ͬͰͶͳͯ͹
ͽͰ;Ͳ;ͻͺͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͈ͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;ͺͻͪͬͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͌͆́̓ͅ
;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͶͪͻͪͯͳͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ͽͰ
ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͪͽͰ̸;ͽ͹ͻ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͳͼͽͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ΀΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͯ͹ͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ;͵ͪͱͰ͸ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳ
Ϳͳ΂ͪ͸ ͵ͬͪͲͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͹͵ͬͳͻ ͵͹Βͳ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ
͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸;;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͰͶͳ΁ͪͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪ͸ͪͻ͹
΂ͳͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ̸͸ͪͶͳͲͪͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͳͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ͵ͬͪͲͳͼ;ͯͼ͵ͳ
ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͳ͌͆́̓ͪͅͲͪͻͰͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͶͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹
ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ– ̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰͲͪͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸ͪͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ ̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͹ͼͽͪͷͫͰ
͸ͳͷͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͰͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸; ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀ͯͪͼͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͳΒͰͯ͸͹
͹ͯ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͬͪ– ͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͷͳͻ͸͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͌ͻͪͯ;ΒͰͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ
ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͯͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵͹Ͳͪ΀ͬͪ
ͽͪΔͰ;ͼͿͰͻ;ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͪͽͳͽͻͪΒ͸͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱͺ͹
ͺͻͪͬͪͶͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡: Ͷͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͌͆́̓ͅ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ͻͰͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ
1
EVTLPDFMJD!QSBc.rs

͇̽͌͑̓͐̾̈́́ͣͅ: ͈͹ͼͽ
͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸ͪͻͰͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͶͳ΁ͪ
̺͇͌̽
͈ͳͽͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͰΒͰ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱͯ͹ͭͷͪͽͳ͵ͰͬͰΕͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͰΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͈ͰͻͳΕ ͼͽͻ7
̸͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͳͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͳͼͽͻͪ
ͱͳͬͪΔͪ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪͽͳ͸ͳ͹ͺͼͽͪΒͪͽͳͫͰͲ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͯͻͱͪΔͰ ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͳͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΔͰͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷͯ͹ͫͻͳͷͪ ͆ͳ͵͹
ͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͊ͬ͹Βͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽ; ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͶͪ ΒͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸; ͷ͹Ε ͹ͯͻͰΌ;Β;Εͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͪ ;ΔͰ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͻͰΌͰΔ;ͷͰ΃ͪͶͪ ͼͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ ͺͻͳͼͬͪΒͪΔͰ
̈́ͪͲͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͆Ͱͷͪ ͸ͳͽͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪ
ͼͽͰͺͰ͸Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ;͵͹Βͳͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͪ͹͸Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͈͹΃ͽ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹ΓͰΔ;
΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͳ΀ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͿͳͲͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͪΒͰtͺͻ͹ͯ;ͱͰͽͪ͵͸ͪ΃Ͱͭͳ͸ͼͽͳ͸͵ͽͪͼͪͷ͹͹
ͯͻͱͪΔͪi ̻ͪͷͼ ͼͽͻ
ͼ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͪ ͫ;ͯ;Εͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͻͰ΂ ͹ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ ;ͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͳͼͬͪΒͪΔ;
ͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͯ͹ͫͪͻͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͳ tͼͺ͹͸ͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͫͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ ͫͳΕͪ ͳ ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͫͳΕͪi ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹

́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͭͶͰͯͪ͸͹ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͰͳͲͿͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͪͯΔͳͺͻͳͼͬͪΒͪΔͪͳͯͻͱͪΔͪͯ͹ͫͪͻͪͳͲͯͳͿͰ
ͻͰ͸΁ͳͻͪͶͪͳͲͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸Ͱͳ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ– QSPQSJFUBT ͵ͻͪΒͰͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ
ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ;͉ͳͷ; ͊ͽ͹Β΂ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
2 ͈ͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸;ͳΔͰ͸;ͭͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ;ͯͪ͸ͪͼΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ
͸͹Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͽͲͬΓ;ͯͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͬͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͵͹ΒͰͼͺͪͯͪ;͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸ͪͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ3 ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͹ ͽͪ͵͹ΒͰͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͹
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͳͼͬͪΒͪΔͪͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ 4JNPOFUUJ ͼͽͻ
.
͊ͪ΃ͳͻͰΔͰͷͲͪͯͳͻͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͬͶͪͼͽͳ
;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͳͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ͹ͬͪΔͪΔͰ͸ͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ̻ͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;ΒͰͼͰ;ͼͽͪͬ͹ͷͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͹͸ͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ;Ͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ4 ͈ͻͪͬ͸͹
͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͼ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸Ͱ͸
ͽ; ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸ΒͰͽͰ͵͸ͪ͵͹͸ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ
͈ͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷ͹ͷ
͵ͻ͹Ͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͷͳͻ͸͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ5 ͌ͽͰ͹
ͻͳΒͳͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͪͬͶͪͯͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰͯͪQPTTFTTJPOT ;͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;΂Ͷͪ͸͈ͪͻ͹ͽ͹
͵͹ͶͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͳͷͪ΃ͳͻ͹͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳͯͻ;ͭͪ
2
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͉ͳͷΓͪ͸ͳ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ;ͬͻͰͷͰͬͪͱͰΔͪ̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ9** ͽͪͫͶͳ΁ͪ ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ͳͲͷͰΌ;
Ϳͪ͵ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͪͯΔͳͳͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͪͯͪ͵ͶͰ͸ͳͳͲͷͰΌ;Ϳͪ͵ͽͪͯͻͱͪΔͪͳͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ͊ͽ͹Β΂ͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

3
͇ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͹Γ;ͯͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͬ; ͬHösch U.
&JHFOUVNVOE'SFJIFJU5ÛCJOHFO.PIS4JFCFDL(NCI
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4
tͪ͠ͷ΂ͳͼͰͷͳͻ͸͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸͈ͪͻͪͬ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͹ͯ;ͲͰͽ͹ͳͶͳ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸͹ͷ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ;Ͳ͸ͪ͵͸ͪͯ;͵͹Βͪ
͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ͸ͳͱͪ͹ͯͽͻͱͳ΃͸Ͱi ΂Ͷͪ͸͌ͼͽ͉ͪͬͪͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ

5
t͊ͬͪ͵͹ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͳͺͻͪͬ͸͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱͳͷͪͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͷͰͽͪ͸͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͆ͳ͵͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳ
Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͸ͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͼͳͷ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;ͳͺ͹ͯ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸ͳͷͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͷ͸ͪ΂ͰͶͳͷͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪi ΂Ͷͪ͸͈ͻ͹ͽ͹͵͹Ͷͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪͳ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ
.
917
ͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͪͳͷͪΒ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ +BDPCT 8IJUF ͼͽͻ
͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺ
ΓͰ͸͹ΒͰ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸͹ ͳ;͸ͪ΃Ͱͷͺͻͪͬ; ͈͹ͺ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
.
̓ͪ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ ͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ
ͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͳͲ;ΒͰ ͽͰͷͰΓ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͇͸͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͰΕͪΔͪͬͰΕͳ͵Γ;΂͸ͪ͹ͯͻͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹̸ͯͪ̀ͪͶͫͪ͸΁Ͱͺͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ
ͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰΒͰͬͰΕͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹΁ͳΓͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͸ͪͼͰΓͪ
ͬͪΔͪͳͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͰͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͰ ̹ͪͽͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻͳ
͇ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ Ͳͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ;97**ͬͰ͵;
ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ ΒͰ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͳ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ
ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͰΒͰΔͪͬͪΒ;ͯ͹ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪt͊ͺ͹ͻi͹ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰ
ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪ͸ͽͪͬͳ΃ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱͫ͹ͻͫͰͲͪͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ – ͫ͹ͻͫͰ͹͵͹ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͰ;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹
ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͷͼͻͰͯͳ΃ͽ;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ̀ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ;97**ͬͰ͵; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͪͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͪ
ͳͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵ͰͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͰ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͽͻͳͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͻͰͲ;ͶͽͳͻͪΕͰ
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰͷ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͷͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ
͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;Β͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ
͊ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͰͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͪ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒ̸͇ͪ͆͋͸ͪ͊ͪͬͰͲ͸;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵;͠;ͭ͹ͼ
ͶͪͬͳΒ; ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͪͷͪͻͽͪ ͹͵͹͸΂ͪ͸ͪΒͰΒ;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͷ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ
ͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͫͻ ;ͯͪΓͰͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͪ
͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ̸;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͰ͸ͪ ͈ͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ;ͺͻͪͬͪ ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ; ͯͪΓͰͷ
ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͌͆́̓ͅ
̻͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͶ͹ΒͰ
ͼͽͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ ͫͰͲͬͶͪ΃ΕͪͳͫͰͲͪ͵͹Δͪ ;͵͹ͷͰͼ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ͊ͻͫͪͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ͵ͻ΃Ͱ͸ͪ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͳͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͳͯ͹ͷ7 ͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͷͪͫͳͶͪͼ;ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸͹;Ͳ;ͻͺͳͻͪ͸ͪ͋͹ͷͰΒͰͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͳ͹ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳͰͭͲ͹ͯ;ͼͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͼ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͇ͯΒ;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͰͻͪ͸͹
ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͳͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸ͰͬͰΕͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͇ͯͷͰͼͽͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͱͳͬͰͶͳ
͊ͻͫͳͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͳͲ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ̈́Ͱͺ͹ͼͪͬͳΕ ̀ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͳ̀;ͫͳ͸͈͹ͽ͹͵ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳΒͰͺ͹ͽ
ͺ;͸͹͹΂ͳ΃ΕͰ͸͹͸ͪͼͰΓͪ ͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͻͰͯ͹͵͹;Ͳ;ͻͺͳͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸ͳ΀ΒͰͯͳ
͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͯΒ;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸͹ΒͰ͹͵͹͵;Εͪ ͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͰͷͪͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ
ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͪ ͳͲ Β;͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ Β͹΃ ;ͬͰ͵ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͻͪ͸͹ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ΀

t́ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪiΒͰ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͬ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬa ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳͺ͹Βͪͷ ͵͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹Βͷ;
ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳ ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͊ͪͬͰͽͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͇ͽ;ͯͪ ΒͰ ͽͰͻͷͳ͸
tͳͷͪΔͰiͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸ͳΒͳ ͈͹ͺ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ. 414

7
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ͱͰ͸͹ ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀͸ͪͺͪͯͪ ;ͫͳΒͰ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹ ͊ͻͫͪͳͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
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͵ͪ͹ͳͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰ͹ͫ͸͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͽͰ͵͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͪͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͼͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε;
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͸ͪͼͳΓͪͳͫͰͲͬͶͪ΃Εͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͯͪΒͰ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹͵ͪͽͪͼͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪͻ΁ͰͶͪ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
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ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͷͳͶͳ͹͸͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͽͪͼͽͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͫͻͪͯͳͬ͹ͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͰ ͶͳͬͪͯͰͳ
΃;ͷͰ
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ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͼͽͻ–
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t̸̸͈͉̺͇͚͆͆͊̈́̾̾i̸̸̸̸̸͇̹͈͉̺͉͇͌͆́̓ͪ͌̈́͊͋́̀͑͋́͋̾͆́͆ͅͅ
̸̺͇̺͌̿́̾́́͆̾͢ͅ
͊ͪͯͻͱͳ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͯͪͽͪ͌͆͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͷͪͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ΒͰͯͪͫ;ͯͰ
͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͷͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪͳͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͽͰͽ͉ͪ͊͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰ͇ͬ͹͹ͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΂ͰΔͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱͺ;ͽͪ ͵ͪ͵͹;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͼͳͷ͉ͪͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ9 ͈ͻͳͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ;ͺͻͪͬͪ͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͪͫͻ͹ͭͳͻͪͶͪΒͰͲͪͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͺ͹ͻͰ
ͯͪ͵;̸;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹Βͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͪͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͷͯͰͶ;͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪ
tͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷi͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͪ͸;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͸ͰͭͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͼͬͪ͵;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸;ͬͰͲ;ͼ
Δ͹ͷ͊ͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͰ͵ͻͰͽͪͻ͇ͪ͌͆Ͳͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒ; ;ͯͪΓͰͷͽͰ͵
ͼͽ; ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵
ͯ͹͸Ͱ͹ ΒͰ Β;Ͷͪ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͬͪͲͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͪ͵ͽ ͌͆́̓ͅ
͉͌̾̽ ͇ ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͳͷͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ;ͺͻͪͬͰ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ΒͰ ͼͪͷ ͼͰͫͳ ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͹
͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ΃ͳͻͪ ͹ͯ ͹͸ͳ΀ ͯͪͽͳ΀ ͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͊ͬ; Ͳͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ͸;
ͳͲͬͻ΃͸;ͳͼ;ͯͼ͵;ͬͶͪͼͽ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͯ͹ͯͰͶͳ͹ΒͰ
ͼͪͷͼͰͫͳ10 ͊ͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ΒͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳͷͪ͵ͽͳͷͪ– t;ͻͰͯͫͪͷͪi ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ͹͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹΂ͳͽͪͬ
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͸ͳ͵ t̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰi ͳ t̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰi 14 ͌ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ t̸ͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͰi ͫͳͶ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͳͲͬͻ΃ͰΔͰ ͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ΀
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͹ͯͶ;͵ͪt̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰiͳt̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰi ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ; ͸ͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬ
ͳͷͪ͹΁ͪͺͻͪͬͪ ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ;t̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰi
͆ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽt̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰi͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͶͪΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ;ͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰͬͰͲͪ͸ͰͲͪͺͻͳΒͰͷͳ
ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ;Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ;
;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪͪ
tͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ΂ͳΒͪͼ;ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ;͵ͳ͸;ͽͪ 15 ͺ͹ͼͶͰ
ͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͳͼ͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ;ͼͬ͹Β͹ΒͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͳͳͶͳ͸ͪͷͰͻͳiͫ
tͲͪ΀
ͽͰͬͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͶͪ͸Ͱ͹ͬͰͻͰ͸Ͱ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͹͵;ͺ͹ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͳ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͷͰ
ΔͰ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ; ͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͹ΓͰ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱiͳ
12
͉͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ ͇͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪΔ;̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰͲͪͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸ͪͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳ̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸Ͱ
ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͬͰͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͆ͪͲͳͬ͹ͬ͹ͭtͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪi ͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ͭͶͪͼͳt0OUIF
FTUBCMJTINFOUPGUIF)PVTJOHBOEQSPQFSUVEJSFDUPSBUFBOE UIF)PVTJOHBOEQSPQFSUZDMBJNTDPNNJTTJPOi
13
͉͌͆́́̓͌̾̽ͅ ͇ ͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸ͳͷ ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͷͪ ͳ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻͰ ͳ ͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͷͪ
̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰͲͪͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸ͪͳͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳ̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸Ͱͳͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰ ͹ͯ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͆ͪͲͳͬ͹ͬ͹ͭtͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪi ͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ͭͶͪͼͳt0OSFTJEFOUJBMQSPQFSUZDMBJNTBOEUIFSVMFT
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commissioni.
14
͐Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͳ͉͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ.
15
́ͲͻͪͲ t;͵ͳ͸;ͽͪi ͵ͪ͵͹ ͯ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ΁Ͱ ͺͳ΃Ͱ ; ΂Ͷͪ͸; ͼͽͪͬ ͪ
͉͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ ͸ͳΒͰ ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽͪ͸
͈ͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͫͳͶ͹ͯͪ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͻͰ΂ͳt;͵ͳ͸;ͽͪiͺͳ΃ͰtͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͪi ͸͹ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΕͰͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͳ;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹Β
͸ͪͺ͹ͷͰ͸ͳ ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪ͸ͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱͽͪ΂͸͹ͼͽ;͹ͬ͹Βt;ͻͰͯͫͳi.

͌ ΂Ͷͪ͸; ͼͽͪͬ ͫ
ͫ
͉͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ ͯ͹ͼͶ͹ͬ΁Ͱ ͺͳ΃Ͱ t<> Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ; ͹ͫͪͬͳͶͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͬͰͻͰ͸Ͱ
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͰͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸Ͱͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱí͹ͬͯͰΒͰͻͰ΂͹͸Ͱͽͪ΂͸͹ͷͺͻͰͬ͹ͯ;ͼͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ
ΒͰ;΂Ͷͪ͸;ͼͽ͉ͪͬ͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ ͇͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰΔͳͷͪͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͯͪΕͰ
t;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ;ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͻͰͬ͹ͯͪ ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ<ΒͰͲͳ͵;>ͳͷͪͽͳͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽí͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹
ΒͰͬͰΕͳͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͌͆́̓ͅͺͻͰͯͭͻͪΌͪ͸Ͱ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬ͸Ͱ
920
͇̽͌͑̓͐̾̈́́ͣͅ: ͈͹ͼͽ
ͬ
tͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͫͳͶͪͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ; ͯͻͱͪ
͹΁ͳͳͶͳͳͷͪ͹΁ͳͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪͺͻͰͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;;ͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽ;ͺ͹ͯ͸͹΃ͰΔͪ
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͪͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸;͸ͪͯͽͳͷ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱ͸
ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͽͳͷ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͬ͹Γ͹ͷ ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
i 17
͐Ͷͪ͸͹ͷ͉͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰt̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪi͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹͵ͬͪͲͳͼ;ͯͼ͵͹
ͽͰͶ͹ͼͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹΃Ε;ͯͪtͻͰ΃ͪͬͪͼͺ͹ͻ͹ͬͰ;ͬͰͲͳͼͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ
ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ ͯ͹͵͈̻͊͊͸Ͱͯ͹͸ͰͼͰ͹ͯͶ;͵;͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͯͪ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͷͪ͸
ͯͪͽ͵͹ΒͳͳͷΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͻͳͶͪ̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪi ́ͺͪ͵ ͹ͬͪ͵͹;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͪ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽt̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰiͳ
t̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰi ; ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ̀ͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ ͷͰ΃ͪΔͪ ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͪ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ
͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͻͪͯ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ;ͼͽͻ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ ͷͪͼ͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ
ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ 6/.*,– 04$&.JTTJPO*O,PTPWP ͼͽͻ

̓ͻͪΔͳͻ͹͵Ͳͪͺ͹ͯ͸͹΃ͰΔͰͽ;ͱͫͳ͹ͬͳͷ͵ͬͪͲͳͼ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷͽͰͶͳͷͪͼͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹΃Ε;
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̽͹ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͻ͹͵ͪ t̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͳiΒͰͺ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽ͹;͵;ͺ͸͹ͽ;ͱͫͪ͌ͫͰͯΓͳͬ͹͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β
ͽ;ͱͫͳ ͳͶͳ ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͭͫͻ͹Βͪͺ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͳ΀ͽ;ͱͫͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͽ;ͱͫͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͪͯͻ
ͱͪͶͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬtͽͳͺ̺ͪi ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͰ͵Ͷͳ΀ͳͲ͸ͪͼͳΓ̺ͪͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹ΒͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͰ͵Ͷ͹ΒͰ
ͳͲ͸ͪͼͳΓͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ͸ͪ͵͹͸Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͯͰ͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͷͪΔͳ͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁; ͳͷͪͶ͹ ;Ͳ;ͻͺͪ΁ͳΒ;
͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͳ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ;̺ͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͼͬͳ΀ͽ;ͱͫͳͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ
͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ;;ͺ;ΕͰ͸͹ΒͰ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͊ͻͫͪͳ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ 5BXJM ͼͽͻ

t̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͪiΒͰ;ͻ;΂ͳͶͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪͽ;ͱͫͳ19 ͈ͻͰͯͷͰͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͼͬ͹ͭͪͷͪ͸
ͯͪͽͪ t̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪi ͸ͳΒͰ ͻͰ΃ͳͶͪ ͺͻͰ͸Ͱͽͳ ͼ; ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪΔͰ t̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹Β ͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ Ͳͪ ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸;i –
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͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͰ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸Ͱͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ;20
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΁Ͱͼ;ͳͻͪ͸͹
04$&.JTTJPOJO,PTPWP ͼͽͻ
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ͻ͹ͯͰ́ͲͻͪͲtͳͲͬͻ΃ͰΔͰi ͺͻͰͷͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔ;͌͆́̓ͪͅ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪͼ;ͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͬͪͼͺ͹
ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳ ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸; ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ΂ͳΒ; ͼ; ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸; ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹ ͳͲͭ;ͫͳͶͳ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͷͪͻͽͪ
͸Ͱ
ͺͻͳͶͳ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳ͹ͬͳͼ͹͵ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ
17
͐Ͷͪ͸ ͼͽͪͬ ͫ
ͬ
͉͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ.

͐Ͷͪ͸͉͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ
19
͌ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ ͸ͳͼ; ͷ͹ͭͶͰ ͫͳͽͳ ;ͻ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͼ ͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭͪ͹
;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͳͶͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͸ͳ. ͌ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͼͽͳͶͪ ͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁Ͱͽ;ͱͫͳ ͹
͹ͯͶ;΁ͳ ͪͶͳ ͹͸ͳ ͸ͳͼ; ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͳ ͹ͯͶ;͵; ͸ͪΒͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͯͪ ͼ; ͳͶͳ ͹ͽ;ΌͳͶͳ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸;
͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͰ ͸ͳͼ; ͳͷͪͶͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ Ͳͪ ͳͼ΀͹ͯ ͼͪͷ͹ͭ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪ ͳͶͳ Ͳͪͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸ͪ
͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͰ͸ͪ ͽͰͳͷtͯͰ͵Ͷͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͪ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪi;ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͺͻͪͬͪ
ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ 'JOBM report of the Housing BOE QSPQFSUZ claims commission ͼͽͻ

20
͉͌͆́̓͌̾̽ͅ
921
ͪ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ͸ͪ͵͹͸Β;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̓ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͲͷ͹ͽͻͳͰͺͳͶ͹ͭͺͻͰͯͷͰ
ͽͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰͻͰ΂͹͵ͻͪ΀;ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪͻͰͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ;͋ͪ͵͹ ;ͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ ͽ;ͱͳ͹΁ͳ΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͽ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳͳͲͪͫͻͪ
Ͷͳͼ;ͯͪ ;ͼͶͰͯ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪͲͫ͹ͭ͹ͯͼ;ͼͽͬͪͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸;
͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͼͽͪͬͰͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ;t̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰi͌ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪ
ͼͰͺͻ͹͸ͪΌͰ͊ͪͷ͹;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ
ͳͷͪ͹΁ͳͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ
͸͹ͬͪΔ; ͹ͺͽͳͻͪͶͳͼ;Ͳͪͬͪͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸; ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶ͹ ͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ; ͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸Ͱ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ ;ͼͰΓͰ͸͹ͷ Ͷͳ΁; ͳͶͳ ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ ͸͹ͬ͹ͷ ͵;ͺ΁; ͇ͯ
͹ͬͳ΀ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͼͳͶ͸͹ͳͼͰΓͪͬͪΔͰ
ͪ;

ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹;ͼͰΓͰ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪͻΒͰͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳ͹͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸;ͼͽͪ͸͹
ͬͪΔ; ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ

͊ͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͫͻ͹Β͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ͬͪͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸;ΒͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͪΔͳ ΒͰͻΒͰ;͸ͪΒͬͰ
ΕͰͷ ͫͻ͹Β; ;ͼͶͰͯ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵ͪ Ͳͪ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ ͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͽͪΒ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ ΂ͳ͸Ͱ
͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Εͳͷ 21 ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Β ͹ͬͳ΀t͹ͺͽͪ͸ͪͽͪi ͺͻͳͼͳͶ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͯͪ͹ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ 22 ͸ͪΒ
΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹;ͼͰΓͰ͸ͳͷ;ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸Ͱ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼͪͷ͹tͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹i;ͼͺ͹
ͼͽͪͬͳͬ΃ͳͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸; 5BXJM ͼͽͻ

̸͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͷtͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͬͳͻͪiͳtΒ;ͯͳ͵ͪͽ;ͻͰit̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰͲͪͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸ͪͳͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪi
ͷ͹ͱͰ ͼͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪͽͳ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳ ͻͪͲͶ͹Ͳͳ ͵͹Βͳ ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͯͪ ΒͰ ͹ͬ͹ ͵ͬͪͲͳͼ;ͯͼ͵͹ ͽͰͶ͹ ;
ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͷͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;ͼ;΂ͰΓͰ͸Ͱͽ;ͱͫͰͽͳͺͪt̺iͼͪ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͽ;ͱͫͪͷͪͽͳͺͪt̸i ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪͶ͹ͯͳͼ
͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸͹;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͽ;ͱͳ͹΁Ͱ– Ͷͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͪͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸Β;͸ͪ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͋ͪ͵͹ ͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͹΁ͳͷͪͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪͽͳͺͪt̺i ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸
ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ ; ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͳ΀ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ tͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀i ͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪ
ͺͻͰͯt̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒ͹ͷi ͹͸ͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ;ͼͷͰ͸;ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬ; ͸ͳͽͳͼ;ͳͷͪͶͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͯͪͼͰͳͲΒͪͼ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲͳͷͪͯͻ;ͭͰ ͽ;ͱͰ͸Ͱ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͐ͰͶͳΕ
͇ͯͶ;͵Ͱt̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰi;ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;
ͽͳͷͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͳͷͪͳͷͪͶͰͼ;Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͪ͵ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͬͪͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͼͳͶ͸͹͹ͯ;ͲͰͽͰ
ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸ͰͬͰΕͳͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͰͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹t͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽ͹ͬͪΔͰi;ͺͻͪͬ͹
͸ͪͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΂͸;͸ͪ͵͸ͪͯ;΃ͽͰͽͰ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ͹͸ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΁
t͌ͻͰͯͫ͹ͷ͹ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͱͪͶͫͳ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸;͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸;ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸; ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳ
ͺ͹Γ͹ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸;ͳ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸;ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸;i ͹ͯͷͪͻͽͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͰt̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͪͭͰ͸
΁ͳΒͪͲͪͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸;i ;ͯͪΓͰͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ;t̸̓́i
23 ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͷͪ͸ͯͪͽ t͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽi
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͵͹͸Ϳ;Ͳ͸͹ͳ
͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪ΂ͳͽͪͬͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͺͻͳͷͰ͸Γͳͬ͆ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳt̸̓́i;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͬͻͼͽͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ
SBDJPOF NBUFSJF
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͸ͰͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ ͪͶͳ ͼͰ ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰͷ ͻͰͶͰͬͪ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯͻͰͯͪͫͪ
21
͇ͽ͹ͷͰΒͰ ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸a ͳtͲͪͫͻͳ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽi͌͆́̓ͪͅ )1$$ͪ
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22
t*O BMM POMZ JO DBTFT QFS DFOU
JNQMFNFOUBUJPO IBT SFTVMUFE JO B SFRVFTU GPS SFQPTTFTTJPO CZ UIF
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OFXCVZFSi 04$&.JTTJPOJO,PTPWP %FQBSUNFOUPG)VNBO3JHIUT ͼͽͻ

23
͌ͯͪΓͰͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ;t̸̓́i
922
͇̽͌͑̓͐̾̈́́ͣͅ: ͈͹ͼͽ
͉͌͆́̓͌ͅ ͷ͹ͱͰ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸ͪ ͯͪ tͺͻͳͷͪ ͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ;ΒͰ ͳ ͺ͹ͷͪͱͰ
ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ;ͻͰ΃ͪͬͪΔ;ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ΀͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͱͪͶͫͳͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫ͹ͷ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͯͰͼͳ͹
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪͳΒ;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͰͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸Ͱͼͬ͹
Βͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͰͳ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰ͸Ͱ24 ͳ

Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͰͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;ΕͳͲͰͷΓͳ΃ͽͰͳ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱ͸ͪͷͰ͸Ͱi 25
̺ͰΕ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͸͹ͬ͹ͷt;ͻͰͯͫ͹ͷi ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ΒͰͼͽͪͬͳ͹ͬͪ͸ͼ͸ͪͭͰ
ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸;ͳͼͽ͹ͳͷͰ͸; ͳͲ;ͲͰͬ΂Ͷ ͳ
27 ͳ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸;ͻͰͯͳ͹͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽt̓͹ͷͳͼͳ
ΒͰiͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͺͻͰͯΔ͹ͷ͆ͪΒͬͰΕ;ͳ͸ͪΒͫͳͽ͸ͳΒ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸;t;ͻͰͯͫ;i ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͰΔͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͪͳͲͺͻͬ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪͺͻͰͯt̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒ͹ͷi͋ͳͷͰͼ;ΔͰ͸Ͱ
͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;ΕͰͲͪͼͽͻͪ͸͵Ͱ;ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵;́ͺͪ͵ ͹ͼͽͪͶͪΒͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ
͸Ͱͯͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱt̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰiͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͼͰͽ;ͱͫ;t̺ͻ΀͹ͬ͸͹ͷͼ;ͯ;̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪi;ͻ͹͵;͹ͯͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͯ
ͯͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ ͈ͻͬ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸;t̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒ;i΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪͼ;ͯͬͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ΂Ͷͪ͸ͪͳΒͰͯͪ͸Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ
t͵͹Βͳ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ; ͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͼͽͻ;΂Δͪ΁ͳ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳ ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ Ͳͪ
͹ͫͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;ͯͰ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰi 29 ͵͹ΒͰ ͳͷͰ͸;ΒͰ ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ 30 ͌ ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵; ͹ ͱͪͶͫͪͷͪΒͰ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪͶ͹ͽͻ͹΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͰΕͰt̺ͻ΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͼ;ͯͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪi΂ͳΒͰ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͰt͹ͯ͹ͫ
ͻͪͬͪiͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;ͯͬ͹Βͳ΁ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͼ;ͯͳΒͰ ͪΒͰͯͪ͸Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ31
͌ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ t̸̓́i ͫͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͳ ͸Ͱ͵ͪ ͬͻͼͽͪ ͻͰͲͳͯ;ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ Ͳͪ t̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒ;i ͳ
t̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒ;i ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ Ͳͪͺ͹΂ͰͽͰ ͪ ͸Ͱͯ͹ͬͻ΃Ͱ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͱ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͽͰͶͪ ͳͷͪͶͪ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͯ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ
t̸̓́i32 ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ t̸̓́iΒͰͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͪͳ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͪ͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͰ͸͹ͷ33 ͳͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͬͰΕ
ͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷt̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰi ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ͹ͬ͹ͭͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪ̽͹͵ͻͪΒͪͯͰ΁Ͱͷͫͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰͼͽͪͷͫͰ͸ͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷt̸̓́i ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ;͸ͪ
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ΁ͪ– Ͷͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ 5BXJM ͼͽͻ
ͪΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼ;
ͫͳͶͰͺ͹ͯ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;FYPGGJDJP ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵ͪt̸̓́iͳΔͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ– t̽ͳͻͰ͵΁ͳΒͰi 5IF
,PTPWPQSPQFSUZBHFODZ ͼͽͻ–

24
͌ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵;– ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;͸ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;t0XOFSTIJQ claims XJUI respect to private immovable QSPQFSUZ
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25
͌ ͳͲͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵; – ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͸ͪ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵; t$MBJNT JOWPMWJOH QSPQFSUZ VTF SJHIUT JO SFTQFDU PG QSJWBUF
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27
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29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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923
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34
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39
͐Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ22–t̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ΒͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͳͲͪ;ͺ͹ͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͰͳͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱi
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̀ͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ;
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱt̸̓́i;ͺ;ͽͳͶͪΒͰͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΃ͽͬ;͵ͻͳͬͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͺͻͳΒͪͬͪͺ͹ͬ͹
ͯ͹ͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͭͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͳͷͪ͹͸ͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ 40 ͈ͻͰ͵͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ
;ͺ;ΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΃ͽͬͳͷͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶ͹ͼͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͫͰͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹;Ͳ;ͻͺͳͻͪͶͪͶͳ΁ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻͳ
̓͹͸
ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͪΒͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ͹ͺͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͪͳͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΃ͽͪͬͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͯ͹͹͵ͽ͹ͫ
ͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͲͪͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͵͹ΒͳΒͰt̸̓́i;ͺ;ͽͳͶͪͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΃ͽͬͳͷͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͺ͹ͯͳͭ͸;ͽͪ͹ͺͽ;ͱ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͳͽͳͼ;ͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͶͪ͵ͻͳͬͳ΂͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͬͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͯͪ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ͸ͳͼ;ͼͺͻ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸ͪ͵ͻͳ
ͬͳ΂͸ͪ ͳͼͽͻͪͭͪ ͳ ͵ͻͳͬͳ΂͸͹ ͭ͹ΔͰΔͰ ͇ͯ ;͵;ͺ͸͹ ͹ͺͽ;ͱ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͹ͺͽ;ͱ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯͶ͹ͭͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;
ͺ͹ͯ͸ͰͶͪͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳͼ;ͯ͹͸ͰͶͳͺͻͰͼ;ͯͰ;ͼͬͰͭͪͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͪ
ΒͰͫͶͪͭͪ ͳͶͳ ͫ͹ΓͰͻͰΕͳ ͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸ͪ͵ͪͲ͸Ͱ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͳͬͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͯͰͶͪ;
͹ͬ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͶ;͇ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͇̹̾͊ͯͰͽͪΓ͸͹ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͹ ΒͰͻͰͲ;ͶͽͳͻͪͶ͹͹ͼ;
Ό;Β;Ε͹ͷͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͆ͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ͹ͼ;Ό;Β;Εͳ΀ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͪͲͪͽ
ͬ͹ͻͪ͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ͹ͭͪ ͹ͯ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͰͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵ͪͲ͸Ͱ ͇̹̾͊ΒͰ;͹΂ͳ͹ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͪͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ
͸ͪͰͿͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͪ– ͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͪ;ͳͲ͸͹ͼ;͹ͯͰͬͻͪ́͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ
͹ͼ;Ό;Β;Εͳ΀ͺͻͰͷͰͽͪͼ;ͯ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ;΃ͽͪ͹;ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͲͪ΀ͽͰͬ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͼ;ͯͳ͹ͻͰͼͽͳ
ͽ;΁ͳΒ;ͳͶͳ ͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸͹
͹ͫͰ΃ͽͰΕͰΔͰ ͳͼͽ͹
͌ͷͰͼͽ͹ͽ͹ͭͪ ͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳͼ; ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͳͼͺͻͪͱΔͰΔͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰ
ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͺ;ΕͳͬͪͶͳt̸̓́i ͳͶͳͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͪ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ
40
́ͺͻͰͷͪ͵ͬͪͲͳͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͬͳͻ;EFGBDUP ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͺ͹͸͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͪͬ͸͹ Ͳͪ;Ͳͳ
ͷͪΔͰ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͵ͻͳͬͳ΂͸͹ͯͰͶ͹Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͲͪͺͻͰΕͰ͸ͪ͵ͪͲ͸ͪͲͪͽͬ͹ͻͪ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸Ͱͯ͹ͽͻͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
΂Ͷͪ͸t̓ͻͳͬͳ΂͸͹ͭ Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳ͵ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪi ͹ͯΒͪ͸;ͪͻͪ

925
Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪ ; ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷ ͺͪͻ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵;͆ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͰ͸ͳ ͼ;ͳ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳtͺͻ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳi;
ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ΁ͳͷͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͰΔͪ ͹ͬͪ͵͹ͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀͵ͪͲ͸ͳ͹ͯͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ͸͹ͬ΂ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͲ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰͭͪΒͰͳͲͬͻ
΃Ͱ͸͹ 04$& .JTTJPOJO,PTPWP ͼͽͻ
.
̸̸̸̸̸̸̸̸͇͉̺͉͈͉̺͈͇͉͇͊́͊͋̾͊̓̀̽́̾͌͊͋͆͆͆̾̓̾͋͆͊͋́͢ͅͅ
̸̸̸͇͍̹͉͉̻͇͆̓͆̾͌̽́͆̾
͆ͪ͵͹͸tΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪ
ͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͬͳͯ͹ͷ͵ͬͪͲͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ͸ͰͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͽͺ͹΂ͰͶͰ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵͹ͲͪͯͳͻͪΔͰ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳ
ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͋͹ͼͰ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪ;ͻͰΌͰΔͰͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͰ͵ͼͺͻ͹ͺͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͭͳͼͽͪͻͪ
ͳͺͳͽͪΔͰ͹ͯͻͱͪΒͪ
̽͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰtͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͬͳͻͪi͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰͰ͵ͼͺͻ͹ͺͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͷ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͲͪͯͳ
ͻͪΔͪ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ;Βͪͬ͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ; ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͰͲ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͺ͹Βͪͷ ;Ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͰͷͳ͸ͳͷ;
ͷͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͸ͳ΀ͭͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͪͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͺͻͪͬͪͶͳ΁ͪ΂ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͺͻͰͯͷͰͽͰ͵ͼͺͻ͹
ͺͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͳ͹ͯͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͲͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸;ͼ;ͷΔ;ͯͪEFGBDUP ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ
ͷͰͻ;Ͱ͵ͼͺͻ͹ͺͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͵ͪ͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͼͻͪͲͷͰͻ͸͹ͭͲͪͯͳͻͪΔͪ; ͺͻͪͬͪͿͳͲͳ΂
͵ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪͻͪͯͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͬͰΕ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ ͹ͯͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ͵ͻ΃ͰΔͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͽ͹ͼͰ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪͶͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΔͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪ ͸ͰͷͪΒ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸;ͿͳͲͳ΂͵;ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸;͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹
ͼͽͳͷͪ΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ41
͉Ͱͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͰ͹ͯͻͱͪΒͪ͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵͹ΒͳͷͺͻͰͼͽͪΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͻͰͱͳͷ ;Ͳ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ
ͻͰͭͳͼͽͻ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͭͪ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ; ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ ͸ͪΒͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳΒͳͷ ͼ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ; ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͯͳͼ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͽͰͽͪ Βͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͭͳͼͽͪͻͪͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͲͫͳͻ͵ͳ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͳͼͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͻͰͭͳͼͽͪͻͬ͹ͯͳ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹͸ͰͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ͸ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͆Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰ͸ͪ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺͶͪ͸ͽͪ ; ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ ͳ
ͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͵ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͪtͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͺ
ͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪiͭͰͻͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷ͵ͻ;ͭ; ͫͰͲ;ͬͳͯͪ;ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͼͽͬͪͻ
͸͹ͼͽ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͯ͹ͫͻ;͸ͪͷͰͻ;tͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ΁ͪi– EFGBDUP ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ42
41
̺ͳ΃Ͱ ͹ ͵ͬͪͲͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͲͪͯͳͻͪΔ; ; ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ Ͱ͵ͼͺͻ͹ͺͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͬ ͐ͰͶͳΕ ̽

̾͵ͼͺͻ͹ͺͻͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹͵ͻ΃ͰΔͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͷͳͻ͸͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ;ͅ
̓ͻͬͪͬͪ΁ ;ͻ
͡;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ–ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͯͰͪͶͪͳͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͪͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽͳ ͼͽͻ125–
͈ͻͪͬ͸ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸ͳ
42
͇ ͺͳͽͪΔ; t͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ;ͻͰΌͰΔͪi ͹ͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͬ ͐ͰͶͳΕ ̽
t͈͹ͼͽ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ͸͹
;ͻͰΌͰΔͰi ͹ͯͻͱͪΒͪ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ – ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͻͪͲ; ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ΁ͪ ͳ tͶͰͭͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳi
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͪ͵ͪͽͪ;Ͳ;ͻͺͪͽ͹ͻͪ ;̻ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ;ͻ
͇ͯ͸͹ͼͺͻͪͬͪ;ͻͰͭͳ͹͸;ͳͺͻͪͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰ ͯͻ;ͭͳ
ͽ͹ͷ ͼͽͻ–
͈ͪͶͰ͈ͻͪͬ͸ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹͊ͪͻͪΒͰͬ͹

͇̽͌͑̓͐̾̈́́ͣͅ: ͈͹ͼͽ
͌ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ t͸͹ͬ͹ͭi Βͪͬ͸͹ͭ ͻͰͭͳͼͽͻͪ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;Εͳ
͹ͯͻͰͯͫͰtͲͪ͵͹͸ͪi͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ͹͸;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬΓͪͬͪ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ͹ͬͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪ͸Ͱͯ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͬ͹ͺ͹ͯ
͸͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͯͪ͸ͰͼͪͯͻͱͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͻ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵;;ͺͳͼͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹
͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͷͯͰΒͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͬͻͼͽͪͷͪ;ͺͳͼͪ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ͸͹ͷͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ;ͳͼͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹Βͳ΀
ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͽͳ;ͺͳͼ ͺͻͪͬͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͭ;;ͺͳͼͪͽͳͳͽͯ ΃ͽ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͻͪͬ͸;ͺͻͳ
ͻ͹ͯ;ͯͰΒͼͽͬͪ;ͺͳͼͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼͪͷ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭͻͰͭͳͼͽͻͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳͶͳͼͷ͹ͯͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹
ΒͰͬͪΓͪ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱͭͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰͲͪ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ;ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵;;ͺͳͼͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͶͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ
͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸͹;ͭͻ͹ͲͳͽͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
͐ͰͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͻͰͯ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ΀ tͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪi ͳ ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͸͹ͬ͹ͯ͹͸Ͱͽͳ tͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͳi ͷ͹ͭ; ͫͳͽͳ ͹ͯ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰͳͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳ
ͽ͹͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸͹͹ͯͻͪͲͳͽͳͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͪͶͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ;ͼͬͰͽͶ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͹ͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͳ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͿͳͲͳ΂͵Ͱͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸Ͱ͋ͪ͵͹ ͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ͯ͹͸͹
΃ͰΔͰt̀ͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪΔ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰͫͰͲͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͰͫͻ̈́i43 ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼͰͲͪ
tͶͰͭͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;i͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͪͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͫͰͲͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΒ; ͵ͪ͹;ͼͶ͹ͬ ͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͪͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͺ
ͻͪͬ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͺͪͻ΁ͰͶͳ ͸ͪ ͵͹Β͹Β ΒͰ ͹ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽ ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ ͷ͹ͱͰ
ͫͳͽͳ͹ͯͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪͺ͹ͺͻͪͬͪͶͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰ
ͬͰ͹ͷͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹;Ͳ;ͻͺͪ΁ͳΒͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͪ͸ͰͶͰͭͪͶ͸͹ͷͭͻͪͯΔ͹ͷ͊ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰͷ
ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭtͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭ͹͵ͬͳͻͪiͶͰͭͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷtͯͳͬΓͰͭͻͪͯΔͰi ͸ͪͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͫͳͼͰt΁ͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ
ͻͪͶͪi;Ͳ;ͻͺͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͪͬͪͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪͲͰͷΓͳ΃͸ͳͷͺͪͻ΁ͰͶͪͷͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳ͹ͫΒͰ͵
ͽͳ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͽͳͷͰͫͳ;Ͳ;ͻͺͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͽͻͪΒ͸͹ͼͽͪΔͰ
͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ ͳͼͪt̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͷ͹ͺ͹ͻͰͲ;͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸;ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸; ͫͻ̈́i 44 ͵͹Βͳͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳͷ
Ͷͳ΁ͳͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͼͽͪͽ;ͼtͺ͹ͻͰͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͬͰͲ͸ͳ͵ͪiͫͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͶͳͳͷͪΒ;͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽͯͪͫͰͲ͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷ͸ͳ΀ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪͳͽͰͻͰͽͪͫ;ͯ;͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͹ͺ͹ͻͰ
ͲͳͬͪΔ͇ͪͬͪΒtͺͻ͹ͺͳͼiͽͳͷͰͳͷ͸ͪͷͰΕͰ͸ͰͼͻͪͲͷͰͻͪ͸ͽͰͻͰͽ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;͸ͪͼͬͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹Βͪͳͷͪ
Β;ͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸;͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͪͬͪΒ;͈͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ ͹ͯͻͰͯͫͪ
͹Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͼ͵͹ΒͲͪͶ͹ͲͳͳͲͪͺͶͰ͸ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;͸ͰͺͶͪΕͰ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͼ͵͹ͭͯ;ͭͪ Ͷͳ΁ͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͪ
ͳͲͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͷͰͼͽͪͱͳͬΓͰΔͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ;Ͳ͹ͽͰͱͪ͸ͳͶͳ͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͷ͹ͱͰͶͪ͵͹ͯͪͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;ͯͪͳͲͭ;ͫͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͯͪ
͹ͽ͹ͷͰ΂ͪ͵ͳ͸Ͱͫ;ͯ;͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͪ
̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͉̀̓͌͐͆̀͋͢͡ͅ
́ͪ͵͹ͼ;ͺͻͪͬͪͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ΀Ͷͳ΁ͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͳͬͻͪΕͪΔͰͼͬ͹Βͳ͸Ͱͳͯͻͱͪͬͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳͷͪ͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸ͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪΔ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͪ͌͆ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷ͹
ͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͼͬͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͌͆́̓ͅ͸ͳΒͰͳͼͺ;͸ͳ͹ͷͪ͸ͯͪͽ
͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͉ͰͲ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒ͹ͷ̹͊͌͆ͫͻ͊ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͬͪͲͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬ͸ͪͳ͵ͬͪͲͳͼ;ͯͼ͵ͪͯͰͶͪͽ
43
t̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪΔ;ͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰͫͰͲͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ͶͰͫͻ̈́i ͽͲͬ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͶͳͼͽ͉̓ ͫͻ͹Β
44
t̀ͪ͵͹͸͹ͺ͹ͻͰͲ;͸ͪ͸Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽ͸;ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸; ͫͻ03̈́i ͽͲͬ͊Ͷ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͶͳͼͽ͉̓ ͫͻ
927
͸͹ͼͽͼͪͷ͹ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͿͰͫͻ;ͪͻͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ;ͺ͹ͭͶͰ
ͯ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͻ΃ͰΔͪΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͺͪͯͪ͵ͶͰͳͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪͷͳͻ͸͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͺͪͯ
͸ͳ͵ͪͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͭ͸ͪ͸ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪͼͽͪ
ͬͪ͵ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͼͪͷ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹͹͵͹͸΂ͪ͸͹ͭΒ;͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
̓ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹͸ͪͼͽͪ͹͸ͪͬͪ͸ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷͽͰͻͰ͸; ͹͸ͼͰ ͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͷ͹ͱͰͻͰ΃ͳͽͳ;Ͳ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰ;ͼͶ͹ͬͪ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͺͰͽ ͶͰͱͰͳͲͬͪ͸ͺͻͪͬͪ͋͹ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪ;ͷͰΌ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͽͻͰͫͪ
ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͼͽͪΔͰtͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͬͪ͵;;ͷͪi ;͵͹ΒͰͷͼͪͷ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͲͪ͵͹͸ͳͳͼ;ͯ͹ͬͳ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͳ
ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͪ͋͹͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͺ;ͼͽͳͬ͹ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭͬͰΕͳͼͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ͡;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ ͺͪ;ͽ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͶ;ͳͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͷͳͻ͸͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰ
ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳͼͽͪͽ;ͼtͶ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱi;ͳͷͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͪͬ͸͹ͭstateCVJMEJOHB͐ͪ͵ͳͽͪͯͪ ͺͻͪͬ
͸ͪ͸͹ͻͷͪ ͫͳͶͪ͹͸ͪͯ͹͸Ͱͽͪͳ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͬͶͪ΃ΕͰ͸͹ͭ͌͆́̓ͪͅ ͷ͹ͻͪͳͷͪͽͳͰͽͳ΂͵;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸;ͳͺͻͳ
ͷͰΔͳͬͪͽͳͼͰ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼΔ͹ͷ͌ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷ ͹͸͹ ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͸;ͱ͸͹ͺͪͯͪ;͸Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹
̸͸ͽͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͫͰͲ;ͶͪͱͰΔͪ;ͯͰͽͪΓ͸;ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬ;͹ͺͻͪͬ͸͹Β
;ͽͰͷͰΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͽͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱͳ͹ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;ͽͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ΒͰͻͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͼͬͻ΀ͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͻͪͯͪ ͸ͰͫͳͼͷͰͶͰͯͪ
;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͳͽ͹ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ ͸ͳͽͳͯͪ ;ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ;΂ͳ͸Ͱͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͰtͼͶ;΃
͵ͳΔ͹ͷiͳͶͳt͵͹ͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ΃ͽͰͽ͹ͷiͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͌͸Ͱͷͳͻ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪͼ;͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;
ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳͫͳͶͪ΂Ͱ΃Εͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͳͷͳͻͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͻͪ΂;͸ͳͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ ͱͰΓ͸͹
͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ ͼͪͷ͹ͼ;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͶͳtͭͯͰΒͰ΃ͽ͹ͳ΂ͳΒͰΒͰ΃ͽ͹i ̹͹ͱ͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻ

̸ͺͼ;ͻͯ͸͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹Βͼ;Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͺͪͯͪ͵ͶͰͳͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪ
ͷͳͻ͸͹;ͱͳͬͪΔͰͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͼ͵ͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ
ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷ Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͊ ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͳ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͹͸ͪ͸Ͱͷͪ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͪ΁ͳͽͰͽ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹ͭͪͫͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹Β͵͹͸ͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͳͲͪ
Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽ; Γ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͳ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ ͳ ͽͪ͵͹ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪͶͪ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͼ;ͯͪ Ͳͪ
Γ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ́ͺͪ͵ ͽ͹͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪ͸ͰͷͪͷͰͼͽͪͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔ;;ͺͻͪͬ΁;͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪΔͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Βthͼͽͪ
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̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃; ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ ͳ ;ͼͶ͹ͱΔͪͬͪΔͰ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
ͬ͹ͯͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳ;͸;ͽͪͻͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀
ͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͳͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͽͯ͌ͽͻͪͭͪΔ;Ͳͪ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͷͳͳͶͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͬͳ΀
ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳ ͼͰ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Β ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳͳ;Δ͹Β ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͽͳ͸ͪΕͳ
ͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒ;͇ͬ͹ͳͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰ͵Ͷͪͼͳ΁ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹΁ͳͽͳͻͪΒ; ͪͷͪͶ͹΂ͳͽͪΒ; ͆͹Βͷͪ͸
͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ͹ͯ ͸Ͱͺ
ͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹
Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳΒͰͼͽͰͳͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͰͶͳͽͰ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ
͉͹ͫͰͻͽͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰi͌͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;
ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ ͯͪ ;͵ͪͱ; ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ Ͳͪ
͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͳͳͶͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͰͶͳͽͪ ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫ
͋Ͱͻͷͳ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸ͳ΀;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯ
Δͳ΀ͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸͈ͪ͹Βͷ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸
΁ͳ ͵ΔͳͭͰ ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͼ͵;ͺ͹ͬͳ̓ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͽ͹ͳͳ͸ͪ΂Ͱ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳͫͳͬͪ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳͷͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼ
ͽ͹ΒͳͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹͵͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͬͰΕͼ;͸ͪͯͰͶ;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͪ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬ
ΓͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ͠Ͱͯͪ͸͹ͯͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͳ΀ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒͰͼͽͰͬͳΌͰΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̾
̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼͪ "(JEEFOT
͈ͻͰͷ̻ͪͳͯͰ͸ͼ; ;Ͳͻ͹͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͽͻͰͫͪͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Β;
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͳ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͺ͹ͬͰΕͪΔͰͫͻͲͳ͸Ͱͳ͹ͫͳͷͪΓ;ͯ
ͼ͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͳͻͪ ͳ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ Ͳͪͽͳͷ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͺͪͯ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱ

ͪͶͳͳͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ. ͇͸ͪ
1
TSEKBO.sljukic@ff.uns.ac.rs
934
͑͌̓́ͣ͡ ͑͌̓́ͣ͡ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰiͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳ;ͯ͹ͫͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ ͪͶͳ ͳͷͪ ͳ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ ΒͰͻ ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͸ͪ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽ Γ;ͯͳ
(JEFOT

͆ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵͹͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵;Β;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;;΂ͳ
͸ͳ͹ΒͰ͎̽ͰͶͯ %)FME
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻͳͷͰͽͳ͹ͯͪͼͰͳͲͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͼͪͭͶͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ΒͳͶͳ͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ
͸͹Β
ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͰ͹͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͸ͪ
͵͹Βͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͽͻͰͫͪ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ;ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳ͎ͰͶͯͻͪͲͶͳ͵;ΒͰͽͻͳ΃͵͹ͶͰͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͪ ͵͹ΒͰ
͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹΀ͳͺͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳͲͪͷͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͪͷ͎ͳͺͰͻͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪ
ͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ ͵ͪ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͇ͬͪ͵ͬ͹ͷͼͽͪͬ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͰͼͰͼ͵Ͱͺͽͳ΁ͳ
͵͹ΒͳͽͬͻͯͰͯͪΒͰͽͪ΂͸͹ͯͪͻͪͼͽͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳͯͪ͸Ͱͷͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;
ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ̽ͪΓ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͪͽͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ̀ͪͺͪ
ͯͪͳ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͭͼͰͬͰͻͪͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸͹ͭΒ;ͭͪt̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi͸ͳΒͰ
͸ͳ΃ͽͪͯͻ;ͭ͹͸Ͱͭ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͪ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪͽͰ
ͭͳΒͪ͋ͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͻͰͪͶͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵͹Βͳ
͸ͪͷͰΕͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ; ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ ͇͸ͪ ͫͻͳ΃Ͱ Βͪͼ͸; ͺ͹ͯͰͶ; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ ͳ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΀ͳͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͶ͹̻ͬͪͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͲͪͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ;͸ͺͻ͹ͽͳ
ͬͻͰ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ΂ͳΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁Ͱ͸ͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸Ͱ )FME ̺;ͶͰͽͳΕ

̹ͰͲ͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͪͬͳΌͰΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͫͻ͹Βͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪͼͰͼͶͪͱͰͼͪͽͰͲ͹ͷͯͪΒͰ
ͻͰ΂͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹Βͳͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͳͫͻͲͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͼͿͰͻͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰͬͰΕͳ;
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳͳ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͑Γ;͵ͳΕ
̹ͻͲͳ͸ͪ ͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;
ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ;Ͳͻ͹͵ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;͵͹Β͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͪͽͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͫͻ͹Βͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ͊;͵͹ͫͰ
ͼͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪ͸ͪΒͰ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͽ͸ͳΒͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;ΒͰ͈͊͹ͻ͹͵ͳ͸ 14PSPLJO
͵͹Βͳͽͬͻͯͳͯͪ΃ͽ͹
ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͫͻͱͰ ͽͰͷͰΓ͸ͳΒͰͳͬͰΕͰ ͬͰΕͰͼ;ͳ΃ͪ͸ͼͰͯͪͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͺͻͰͯ;ͼ
Ͷ͹ͬͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͫ;ͯ;;Ͳͯͻͷͪ͸ͳ͊͹ͻ͹͵ͳ͸͸;ͯͳͳΒͰͯ͸;ͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻ;ͪ͵͹ͬ͹ͲͳͽͰ
ͪ;ͽ͹ͷ͹ͫͳͶͼͬͰͫͻͱͰͳͫͻͱͰ ͸ͪͺ;ͽ;ͼͪͼͬͰ͹΃ͽͻͳΒͳͷ͵ͻͳͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͬͰΕͪΒͰͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͯ͹ΌͰͯ͹
͸ͰͼͻͰΕͰ 4PSPLJO
͊;͵͹ͫͳͼͰ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͯͪͶͰ͵͹͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ
ͬ͹ͯͰ;͸;ͽͪͻͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͹ͫͳͶ;Β;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ ͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͳͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͽͯ͌ͽͻͪͭͪΔ;
Ͳͪ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͷͳͳͶͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͬͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ΒͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͼͰͼ͹΁ͳ
͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹Βͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͳͳ;Δ͹Βͺ͹͵;΃ͪͽͳ͸ͪΕͳͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒ;͇ͬ͹ͳͲͫ͹ͭͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰt͵Ͷͪͼͳ΁ͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹
΁ͳͽͳͻͪΒ; ͪͷͪͶ͹΂ͳͽͪΒ;i /FVNBOOͺͻͰͷͪ)BOET ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ͸ͰͷͳͼͶͳͷ͹ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪ
͵Ͷͪͼͳ͵Ͱͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͷͳͼͶͳ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ ͷͰΌ;͵͹ΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͽͻͰͫͪ;ͫͻ͹Βͪͽͳ̓ͪͅͻ͵ͼͪ ,.BSY

̻̀ͳͷͰͶͪ (4JNNFM
͈͊͹ͻ͹͵ͳ͸ͪ ̈́̓͹ͲͰͻͪ -$PTFS
ͳ͉̽ͪͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͻͿͪ 3%BISFOEPSG
ͬͰΕͳ
͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͰ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ͹ͯ ͺ͹ ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ; ͸Ͱ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸͹ Ͳͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͳ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͰͶͳͽͰ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ͵͉ͪͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ 3.JDIFMT –
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭ
tͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰi͊ͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰiͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͺ;ͽͪͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ͹
ͳΒ͹΃ͼͰ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵͹ͯ͸ͪͼ ͪͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͹͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͯͰͶ͹ ͈͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ
͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸͹͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸ͪ͸ͳͯͰͶ̻ͪͅ͹ͼ͵Ͱ (
935
.PTDB
ͳ̺͈ͪͻͰͽͪ 71BSFUP
͌͹ͬ͹ͷͻͪͯ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬͰͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ
͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳ ͯͪ ;͵ͪͱ; ͸ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ Ͳͪ ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ
ͳͳͶͳͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͼ;͵͹ͫͪ;ͬͻͰͷͰ͸;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͬ͹΂ͳ͸ͳͷ͹ͳͲͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͰͻ;ΒͰͷ͹ͯͪͬͪΓͪ
͸͹ͼͽ ΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ Ͳͪͬͳͼͳ ͹ͯ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ; ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔ; ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͰͽͳ͵ͰͽͰ͵͹ΒͪΒ͹ΒͼͰͺͻͳ΃ͳͬͪ
͉͇̹͉͎̾͋́̾̈́͊́ͅt̸̸̻̺͇͇͇̻͉͎̀̽̾͆́̀̓͆̈́́́̾͠i
͉͹ͫͰͻͽͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͻ͹ΌͰ͸ΒͰ;ͫ͹ͭͪͽ͹Βͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͪ΁ͪͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ;̓ͰͶ͸;
;͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β͊ͽ;ͯͳͻͪ͹ΒͰ;͈ͪͻͳͲ; ͅͳ͸΀Ͱ͸; ̈́ͪΒͺ΁ͳͭ;ͳ͎ͪͶͰ; ͪͲͪͽͳͷ ͸ͪ͵͹͸΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪ͹͹ͯ
͸ͪͷͰΔͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ;͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Βͬ͹Βͼ΁ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͪͬͪ΂͸ͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ;ͪͅͻͫ;ͻͭ;ͳ̹ͻͳͼͰ
Ͷ;͇ͯͻͳ΂;Εͳ ͼͰͼͬ͹ͭͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ ͼͰ ͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ΒͺͪͻͽͳΒͳ
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ͫͳ͹ΒͰΔͰ͸ ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΃ͪ͸
͵ͪ͸ͯͳͯͪͽ͸ͪͳͲͫ͹ͻͳͷͪͲͪͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͌́ͽͪͶͳΒͳ
ͼͰ ͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂ͳ͹ ́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸ͳͷ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͼͽͳͷͪ ͶͰͬ͹ͷ ͵ͻͳͶ; ́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͌ ΒͰͼͰ͸ ͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳ͹ ΒͰ ͹ͫͰ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵; ͳ ͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵; ́ͼͽͰ
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͷ;ΒͰ Ͳͫ͹ͭͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ ͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸͹ͯͪͺͻͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳͷ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ ͺͪ
ͼͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͳ͹͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;;͋͹ͻͳ͸;͋;͹ͼͽͪΒͰͯ͹ ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͬͻͪΕͪ;͆Ͱͷͪ΂
͵; ͪͲͪͽͳͷͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͿͰͼ͹ͻͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ͸ͪ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽ;;̹ͪͲͰͶ;͌͑ͬͪΒ΁ͪͻͼ͵͹Β͹ͼͽͪΒͰͯ͹
͵ͪͯͪ͸ͪͶͳ΂͸ͳͺ͹Ͳͳ̹ͬͰ͸ͳͽͪͅ;ͼ͹Ͷͳ͸ͳΒͪͺͻͰͶͪͲͳ;́ͽͪͶͳΒ;ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰͽͪͿͪ΃ͳͲͷ͈ͪ͹Ͳ
͸ͪͽ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰͳͼͪͷͅ;ͼ͹Ͷͳ͸ͳͫͳ͹ͫͳͬ΃ͳͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪ ΂ͪ͵ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͶͳͼͽ̸ͪͬͪ͸ͽͳ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸͹ͭ
ͭͶͪͼͳͶͪ́ͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼΒͰͺͻͰͯͪͬͪ͹͸ͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ;͈Ͱͻ;Όͳ
ͳ͉ͳͷ; ;͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͳ;ͷͻ͹ͽͻͳͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͰͺͻͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ $PPL

ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼΒͰͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͳͷͪ͹ͽͰͼ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͰͼΒͰͯ͸ͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͷͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭ͹ͷ ͅ
̺ͰͫͰͻ͹ͷ . 8FCFS
͆ͪͳͷͰ ͵ͪͯͪ ΒͰ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ; ͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸͹ ͯͪ ͯͻͱͳ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬ; ; ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β
̺ͰͫͰͻͭͪΒͰͫͻͪ͸ͳ͹;΃ͽͪͷͺͳ ͯͪͫͳͭͪ;΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ͳ͵͹;ͻͰͯ͸ͳ͵͹ͷ;΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼ;̸ͻ΀ͳͬͲͪͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;͵Ͱͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ ͳ ̺ͰͫͰͻ ͻͪͲͳ΃Ͷͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ΒͰͻ ΒͰ ͹ͬͪΒ
ͺͻͬͳ ͫͳ͹ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͈ͻͬ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ $PPL
̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ; ͼͽ;ͯͳΒ; ͹ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ; ̺ͰͫͰͻͪ ͳ
ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͪ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹ΒͰ̸̈́͊͵ͪͿ 4DBGG

̻Ͷͪͬ͸͹ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͶ͹ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͼͪͺ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͼͽ;ͯͳΒͪ͹Ͷͳ
ͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ;ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ΒͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳ
ͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶ͹ͼͰ͸ͪΒͺͻͰ͸ͪ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͆ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵ΒͰ;̸͊̽ͺͻͰͬͰͯͰ͸ͪͬͰΕ ;ͼͻͰ͈ͯͻͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͯͪͫͳ͸͹ͬ͹
Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͳͲͯͪΔͰ;ͼͶͰͯͳͶ͹͸ͪ͵͹͸̽ͻ;ͭ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ̓;͵͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰͯͪΒͰ
͸ͪ͵͹͸ͽ͹ͭͼͬ͹ͭͯͻ;ͭ͹ͭͳͲͯͪΔͪ ;̸͊̽͵Δͳͭͪͷ͸͹ͭ͹΂ͳͽͪ͸ͪͳͯͪΒͰtͲͪ;ͲͰͶͪ͸ͰͬͰͶͳ͵; ͪͶͳͬͰ͹ͷͪ
ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪ͸;ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸;ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ;͵ͪͷͪ;̸͊̽i $PPL ͼͽͻ

̓;͵ͳ͎Ͱ͸ͯͼͼͰͼͶͪͱ;ͯͪΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹͵Ͷͪͼͳ͵ ͪͶͳͳͯͪ͹ΔͰͷ;ͳͷͪ
ͬͻͶ͹ͷͪͶ͹͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͰ $PPL )BOET

́ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ; ͲͪͷͰͻͪ͸͹ ͯͪ ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ ͪͯͰ͵ͬͪͽͪ͸ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͷͰͽ͹ͯ Ͳͪͽͳͷ ͯͪ ͷ;
͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͰͷͺͳͻͳΒͼ͵ͪͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼͺͰ͹ͯͪͬͪΓͪ͸͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃Ͱ͵Γ;΂͸Ͱͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͰͳ
ͯͪ͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͲͳͼͽͰ͸ͽͪ͸ͳ͵͹΀ͰͻͰ͸ͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ )BOET .BZ


͸ͰͫͳͼͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͻͰΕͳͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͼͬ͹ΒͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂͵ͰtͳͲͬͶͪ΂ͳ͹ͳͲͭͶͪͬͰi ͪͫͰͲͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͰͷͺͳͻͳΒ
ͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵ΔͳͲͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ
͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲ͸ͪ͹tͳͲͺͻͬͰͻ;͵Ͱi ͽΒ͹͵͹ΒͰͷΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͬͻͶ͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽ͹ͺͻͳͷͪͻ͸͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ͹͆ͰͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͪ
ͬͳͽͳͯͪΒͰ͹͸͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͯ͹ ͫͳ͹΂Ͷͪ͸͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͪͳͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸
ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͼͽͪ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;Εͳ ; Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͷ ͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͊ ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͽ͹
͸Ͱͷͪͼ;ͷΔͰͯͪΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼΒ͹΃͵ͪ͵͹Ͳ͸ͪ͹͹΂Ͱͷ;ͺͻͳ΂ͪ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ Ͳͪͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ
ͷͰͽ͹ͯ ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͳΒͰ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ ͼͽͻ͹ͭ ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͽͳ΂ͪ͸ ͸ͳͽͳ ΒͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͪ ͰͬͳͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͪ ͯͪ
ͺ͹ͯͻͱͳͯ͹͸ͰͽͰͲͪ͵Γ;΂͵Ͱ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͷͰ ͳͲͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭ;ͭͶͪͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͳͼͰ͵ͪͲͪͽͳͯͪ
ΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ;ͼͬ͹ͷͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͷͰͽ͹ͯ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ ;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͪͶͳͳͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ

ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽ ͪͽ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪΔͰͼͪ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ̓ͪ͹ͪ͵ͽͳͬͪ͸;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ͵ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͫ͹ͻͫͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ;͸;ͽͪͻͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ ͹͸ͰͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸Ͱ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪͲͪͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽ
͹͸ΒͰͫͳ͹;
ͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳͯͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͳͲͫͶͳͲͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳͳͲ͸;ͽͻͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͯͪΒͰͫͳͽ͸͹͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳͯͪͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳͳͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͳͼ;͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͶͳ͹ͯΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͬͰΕͼ;ͼͪͲͻͰͬͪͶͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͬ΃ͳ͹ͯͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ
$PPL
͊ͪͷͪͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͽͪΓ͸ͪͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͪtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰiͯ͹΃Ͷͪ
ΒͰͳͺͪ͵;͵ΔͳͲͳ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ;͵͹Β͹Βͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͼͬ͹ΒͰͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͳͲ͸ͰͽͰͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͰͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͲ;ΒͰ
ͺͻ͹΃ͳͻ;Β;Εͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ ͬͪͱͰΔͰ ͈ͻͰͷͯͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ; ; ͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹Β
ͺͪͻͽͳΒͳ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ ΂Ͷͪ͸ͫͳ͹ ͹͸ͬͰΕ͸ͪͼͪͷ͹ͷ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;͵ΔͳͭͰ ;ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͰͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;
Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱͼͬ͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͼͽͪͬ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰt̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͬ͹ͯͳ
͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͳͳ͸;ͱ͸͹ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͰͲͭͻ͹i .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ
ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪͼ;
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͪ;͸;ͱ͸͹ΒͬͰͲͳͳ͵ͪͱͰͯͪΒͰtͺ͹Βͪͬͪ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͿͰ͸͹
ͷͰ͸ͪ;ͼͪͷ͹ͷͼͻ΁;ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸Ͱ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ͵Γ;΂ͪ͸ ͯ͹͵ͪͲͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ΒͬͻͼͽͳΓ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ2 ͵͹ΒͪͼͽͻͰͷͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͲͪΔ;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ
.JDIFMT ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͺͻͬͳͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͼͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͯͪΒͰ͹ͬͯͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬΓͰ͸ͪͽͳͺͳ΂͸ͪͶ͹ͭͳ΂͵ͪͭͻͰ΃͵ͪ;
Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔ; ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͼͪͼͽ͹Βͳ;͸Ͱͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸͹ͷͲͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔ;͹ͯͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ ͊͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͪͺͪͻͽͳΒͪ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͸ͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͼͬͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͪͶͳͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͲͪ
͹ͬ͹ͳͷͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͰ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͻͪͯͳͼͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͯͪΒͰ͹͸͹ͽ͵ͻͳ͹͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͼ͵ͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹;
͹͸ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͪͻͽͳΒͪͷͪ
͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪ
ͷ;Β;ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰ ;ͼͬͳͷΔͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ .JDIFMT
͋͹΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͪ
ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰͫͪ΃ ; ͹ͬͳͷ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͲͪΔͰͭͪ ΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γͪ͸ͯ͹͵ͪͲͲͪͽͬͻͯΔ;ͯͪ͹͸ͪͷ͹ͻͪ ͫͳͽͳ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪ;ͼͬͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ
̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪΒͰ ͷͳͼͶͳͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ ͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬͪͫͰͲ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ̹ͪ΃͵ͪ͹ͳ ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹
ͼͽͳͷͪ ͫͰͲ ;ͯͻ;ͱͳͬͪΔͪ ͳ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͯ͹ͼͽͳΕͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͬ͹ͯͰ͸ͳ͵;ͯͪͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔ;ͶͰͱͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ ͽͰͼͰ
ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΔͰͷ͊΁ͳͶͰ ͺͪͯͪ ; ͻ;͵Ͱ ͎ͪͻͳͫͯͳt͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰ ; ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͲ
͵͹ΒͰͭ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͼͽͻ;ΒͰͽͰ͵;ͺͻͰ͵͹ͻͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪΔ͹ΒͻͪͲ͹ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹ͺͶͪ
ͬͰͳ΂ͳ͸ͰΕͳΒͰ͸ͰͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽΓͳͬ͹ͷi .JIFMT ͼͽͻ–

2
͆ͪͭͶͪͼͳͶͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ
937
͆ͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ;͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒ; ͑ͽͪΒͰ;Ͳͻ͹͵͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸
΁ͳΒͪͳͲͪ΃ͽ͹͹͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͺͻͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͪΒ;͸ͪͯͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͹͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰ
ΒͰ ΂ͳͼͽ͹ ͼ͹΁ͳͶ͹΃͵͹ ͺ͹ ͼͬ͹ͷͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ; ͳ Ͳͪͼ͸ͳͬͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔ; Ͳͪ͵͹͸ͪ ͺ͹ͯͰͶͰ ͻͪͯͪ ́Ͳ
Ͱ͵ͼͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͸;ͱ͸͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͬ͹Όͼͽͬ͹ͷ Ͳͪ͹͸ͳͷͪ͵͹ΒͳΕͰ
;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͽͳͳͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͽͳ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͰͶͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͪͷͪΔͳ͸;͵͹Βͪ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ
ͳͬͰΕͳ͸;͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓ͇ͪͬ͹ͷͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͳͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͳͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͻͼͬͪ͵ͳ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬͳͽͰͽ
͸ͪͼͽͪ͹;ͼͶͰͯͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͲͪͺ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͷͻͪͯͪ ΂ͳͷͼͰ͵͹͸ͼ͹Ͷͳͯ;ΒͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͼ͹ͺ
ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͯͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ΁ͰͶͳ͸Ͱ̓ͪ͵͹͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;ΒͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͪ͵͹͹ͺͪͯͪͯͰͷ͹
͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͬͰΕͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪͬ͹Όͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͷͪͼͪΒͰͬͳ΃ͰͿͳ͵ͽͳͬ͸ͪ͌ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ
͹ͫͶͳ͵; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͬ͹Όͼͽͬ͹ ΒͰ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸ͪ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ͪ ͹͸͹ ΒͰ ͸Ͱͼͺ͹Βͳͬ͹ ͼ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ͹ͷ
.JDIFMT
ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ ͳ ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͪ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͼͷͰΔ;Β; t̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻ;ΒͰ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͸ͪͶͳ͵;Β; ;Ͳͪͼͽ͹ͺ͸ͳͷ ͽͪͶͪͼͳͷͪ ͇͸ͳ
ͫͳͬͪΒ;ͻͪͲͫͳΒͰ͸ͳ;ͬͰ͵;ͳͼͽ͹ͷͺͶͳΕͪ͵; ͇͸ͳͼͰ;ͬͰ͵͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪΒ;͇ͬͪΒͽͻͪΒͪ͸ͼͺͰ͵ͽͪ͵ͶΒͰ;ͳͼͽ͹
ͬͻͰͷͰ ͹΀ͻͪͫͻ;Β;ΕͳͯͰͺͻͰͼͳͬͪ͸̓ͪͯͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͹͸ͰͼͰͺ͹ͼ
ͽͰͺͰ͸͹ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃; ;ͼͬͪΒͪΒ;Εͳ ͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ ͯ;΀ ͪ ; ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ ͳ ͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ
͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͵͹ΒͰͭͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹ͷͰͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͽͪ͵͹ͱͰͼͽ͹͵͹ͫ͹ͻͳͶͰ͌ͽ͹ͷͼͰͷ͹ͷͰ͸ͽ;ΒͪͬΓͪΒ;͸͹ͬͳ
ͽ;ͱͳ͹΁ͳ ͵͹ΒͳͯͰ͸;͸΁ͳͻͪΒ;ͳͲͯͪΒ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱͫ͹ͻͫͰͳ͸ͰͼͶͪͬ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ ͹͸ͳͲͪͬͻ
΃ͪͬͪΒ;ͽͪ͵͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͿ;Ͳͳ͹͸ͳ΃;ͼͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͷͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͷ͵Ͷͪͼ͹ͷͽͪͯͪ͹͸ͳͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͷͰͽͪ͸ͪͺͪͯͪ
͸͹ͬͳ΀͹ͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪͽͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ;͇ͬͪͼ;ͻ͹ͬͪͳͭͻͪͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹ΕͰͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͽͳ
ͯ͹;ͫͰͼ͵ͻͪΒi .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ–

̸̸̸̸̸͇̹͚̺͇͚͚͉͎͇̺͎̺͇͚͊͌̓́́̀̾͌͊́́́̀̾͌͊͋́́͆́ͅͅͅ
́Ͳͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͭͺͪͼ;ͼͪΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͬͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͯͪΒͰͺ͹Βͪͷͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͫ͹ͻͫͰ
͸Ͱͻͪͼ͵ͳͯͳͬ͹;ͽ͵ͪ͸;ͼͪͷ͹
͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͹ͭtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͪ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰi̹͹ͻͫͪt͸͹ͬͳ΀ͽ;ͱͳͶͪ΁ͪiͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͯ͹ͷͳ
͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰͷ͹ͻͪͯͪͳͯͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ ΒͰͻΒͰt͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͻ;ͱΒͰͼͶͪͫͳ΀;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͫ͹ͻ
ͫͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΒͪ͵ͳ΀i .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ
̓Ͷͪͼͳ͵͹ΒͪͽͰͱͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔ;͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ ͳͯͰͪͶͪ
ͫͳͶͳ͹͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͶͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳͶͳͳΒͰͯ͸ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪΒͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͻͰͯͼ
ͽͬ͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͬ͹ΓͰ ͇ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰ ͵ͪͯͻͪ ͯͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳ΃Ͱ Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͳΒ͹ͷ ͸ͪ ͸ͪΒͫ͹Γͳ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;Εͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͰͼͳͯͰ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ́ͼͽͳ΂;ΕͳͯͪΒͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͯͪͺͻ͹ͶͰͽͪͻͳΒͪͽ;ͼͺͰ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͳͷͪ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͭͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͳ
͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͼͶͪͫͳ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͲͪ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰt͈ͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰΒͰͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸
;ͼͶ͹ͬͲͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͷͪͼͪi .JDIFMT

́ͪ͵͹ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬͪ ͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͪ tͽͪͶͪͼͪi ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ;ͬͰ͵ ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪ ͻͪͲͫͳΒͪΒ; ; ͳͼͽ͹ͷ
tͺͶͳΕͪ͵;i ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͹Γͳͬ͹ͺ͹ͯͼͰΕͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͵Ͷͳ΂ͪͻͰ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽ͈ͪ͊͹ͻ͹͵ͳ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯͻ;΃
ͽͬͰ͸͹ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ ͬͳͯͰ͹ ͵ͪ͹ ͬͰ΂ͳͽ; ͹ͼ΁ͳͶͪ΁ͳΒ; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͯͬͪ ͺ͹Ͷͪ 4PSPLJO ͑Γ;͵ͳΕ

ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪ;ͽ͹ͻͪ ͫͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ͼͪͼͬͳͷͽͪ΂͸͹ ͼͬͻͼͽͪͬͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͰͶͳͽͰ̽͹ͯ;΃Ͱ
ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͸Ͱ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͳͲͻͪͲtͰͶͳͽͪi ͸Ͱͭ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹tͬ͹Όͪͷͪi ͶͳͯͰͻͳͷͪ
͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͳ͹tͬͶͪͯͪΒ;

Ε͹Β͵Ͷͪͼͳi3 ͼͪΒͰͯ͸Ͱͳtͷͪͼͳiͼͪͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Βͪͼ͸͹ͳ΀ͻͪͲͯͬͪΒͪΒ;Εͳ͌͵ΔͳͲͳ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ
͹͸ͼͰͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ͸̻ͪͅ͹ͼ͵; (.PTDB
ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͺ͹Βͪͷtͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵ͶͪͼͰi ͯ͹͵ͼ̺͈ͪͪͻͰͽ͹ͷ 7
1BSFUP
ͺ͹ͶͰͷͳ΃Ͱ;ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ;ͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͭ;ΒͰ͈ͪͻͰͽ͹ͬ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;͹t͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;ͰͶͳͽͪi .JDIFMT

ͅ͹ͼ͵ͪͳ͈ͪͻͰͽ͹ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ͸Ͱͯͬ͹ͼͷͳͼͶͰ͸͹ ͼͺͪͯͪΒ;;ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͰͰͶͳͽͰ
͇ͽ;ͯͪΒͰͶͪ͵͹ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰΕͳ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱͺͪͱ
ΔͰ ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕ;ΒͰ ͼ;͵͹ͫ; ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͬ͹Όͪ ͳ ͷͪͼͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫ; ͷͰΌ; ͬ͹Όͪͷͪ ͇ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ; ͹ͬͰ ͯͬͰ ͬͻͼͽͰ
ͼ;͵͹ͫͪͲͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ͹ͺͳͼͳͳ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͪͳͲͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸ͳ;ͯͬͪ
ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͪͺ͹ͭͶͪͬΓͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͶͰͯͰΒͰͯ͸͹Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͳͷt̹͹ͻͫͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͬ͹Όͪͳͷͪͼͪi .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ–

ͳt̹͹ͻͫͪͷͰΌ;ͼͪͷͳͷͬ͹Όͪͷͪi .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ–

͌ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͷͳͼͶͳͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ ͷͪͼͰͲͪͳͼͽͪͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͷͰ͸ͰͬͶͪͯ; ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽ
ͼ͵ͳͷͻͰͱͳͷͳͷͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΂͵͹ͭͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ ;ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷͺͪͻͽͳΒͪͷͪ
ͳͶͳͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ
͸͹ͭͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻͪ͆͹ͻͷͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͪ͵ͽͳ͹ͬͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪΒ;ͳͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳ΃;ͽͪ͵ͬ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳΒͰͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ͹ͬͳ΀tͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪi͹ͼ;ΒͰΕͰ͸͹ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪ
ͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͺͪ͵ͽͪͺͻͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳtͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͷͪͼͪi ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΒ;;
ͺ;͵;ͳͶ;ͲͳΒ;͆ͳ΂Ͱ͹ͬͼͽͻͪ΀ͯͪΕͰͼͬͪ͵ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͫͳͽͳ;ͺͻͳͶͳ΁ͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻ͸ͳΒͰ
ͫͳͶͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪ͸ͪ ͳͪ͵͹ͼͬͳͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸Ͱͻͳ ͼͪͷ͹ͷͪͶͳͫͻ͹Βͳͷͪͽ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽ .JDIFMT

͐ͳͷͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͽ͹ͽͻͪͱͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͬ͹Όͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹΂ͳΔͰ
ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΔͪͭͻ;ͺͰͬ͹Όͪ;Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸;͵ͪͼͽ;̓ͪͯͭ͹ͯͷͪͼͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒ;ͯͪ;ͭͻ͹ͲͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺ͹Ͳͳ
΁ͳΒͰ ͬ͹ΌͰ ͼͰ ͽ͹Β ͳͼͽ͹Β ͷͪͼͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β; ͵ͪ͹ t͵͹ͷͺͪ͵ͽ͸ͪ ͿͪͶͪ͸ͭͪi ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ ͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳͷͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪ ͬ͹ΌͰ;ͽͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪΒ;;͸;ͽͻͪ΃Δ;ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ̓ͪͯͪͳͲͫͳ
ΒͰͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;ͬ͹Όͪͳͷͪͼͪ ͹ͬͳͺͻͬͳ;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͫͰΌ;Β;ͪ͵͹͹ͼͽͪ͸;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ͆ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪͼͰ
ͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹ͯͪͼͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪtͳͲͭ;ͻͪΒ;iΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͬ͹Όͪ ͯͪͭͪ͸ͪͽͰͻͪΒ;͸ͪ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵;̸Ͷͳ
ͳ;ͽ͹Βͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳͬ͹ΌͰͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͳͻͪΒ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͼ͹Ͷͳͯͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͪͶͪͲͰΕͳtͻͰͲͰͻͬ͸ͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒiͲͪͼͬ͹ͭ
ͼͪͫ͹ͻ΁ͪ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͳͲ ͪͅΒ͸΀ͪΒͷͪ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼ; ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ;ͼͺͰͶͳ ͯͪ
t͹ͽͺ;ͼͽͰiΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΂͵ͳ΀
΃ͰͿ͹͇ͬͪͬ͹ΒͰͳͲͪͲͬͪͶ͹ͳ͸ͯͳͭ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͷͰΌ;ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ΂͵ͳͷ
ͬ͹Όͪͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͬͪΒͪ͵ͽͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸Ͱͺ͹ͫ;͸Ͱ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹t͵ͻͳͷͳ͸ͪͶͪ͸iͳ͹ͯͷͪ΀ͺͻ͹͸ͪ΃Ͷͳͯͻ;ͭ;
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;Ͳͪtͱͻͽͬ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͭ͸Ͱͬͪi .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ

ͅ͹ΕͳͿͳ͸ͪͼͳΒͼ͵ͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹Β;ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ͬ͹ΌͰͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂Ͱͪͷͫͳ΁ͳ͹Ͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͰͳͲͻͰͯ͹ͬͪ
ͷͪͼͰͳͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂;ͳ΀ͯͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸;ͯͰ͹ͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ͌ͼͶͰͯͽ͹ͭͪͷͪͼͪ ͳͪ͵͹
ͷ͹ͱͯͪ;ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸͹Β͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳͺͻͰͷͪͬ͹Όͪͷͪ ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͶͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͳͫͳͫͳͶͳͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ
ͯͪΒͰͺͻͰͯͬ͹ͯͰ;ͫ͹ͻͫͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ΂͇ͪͬͪΒͼͰͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͳͲ͸͹ͬͪͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪ ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;Εͳ
ͷͪͼͰ ͫͰͲ ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯͪ ͫͳͶ͹ ΃ͽͪ ͹ͲͫͳΓ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͷ; ͌͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͷͪͼͰ ; ͺͻͪͬͳͶ; ͯͰͶ;Β; ͸ͪ
͵͹ͷͪ͸ͯ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪͯ ͼͪͷ͹ͼͽͪͶ͸͹̸͵͹ ͼͰͽͪ͵͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͳͯͰͼͳ ͹͸ͯͪ ΒͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ ;
ͺͳͽͪΔ;͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰͳͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹ͯͪΒͰ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵ͻ;ͯͪͻͪ;͉;ͻͼ͵͹ͷͫͪͼͰ͸;
Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ
͸ͪΒͺͻͰͷͳͼͶͳͶ͹ͯͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͺ͹͸ͽͪ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͽͰͼͽͳͳͲͻͪͲ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͹ΓͰ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͷͰͼͰ΁ͳͷͪͺͻͳ
3
͌ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͳͲͻͪͲͪtͬͶͪͯͪΒ;Εͪ͵Ͷͪͼͪiͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁͹ͷͯͪΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͵ΔͳͲͳ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ;͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͫͳ͹ͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͲͪͷ
939
ͺͻͰͷͪ͸͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;tͫͪͻ͹͸ͳͷͪ;ͭΓͪiͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͺͻͰͽͳͶͳ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͹ͷ̓ͪͯͪ
ͼ;;΃ͽͻͪΒ͵͵ͻͰ͸;Ͷͳ ͪͫͰͲͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪ ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͼ;ͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͶͳͯͪͬ͹ΌͰͽͪΒ΃ͽͻͪΒ͵
͹ͯ͹ͫͻͪͬͪΒ; .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ

ͅ͹ͷͰ͸ͽͳ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪͷͪͼͰ;ͼͺͰͬͪΒ;ͯͪͳͲͬͰͯ;;ͼͺͰ΃͸;ͺ͹ͫ;͸;ͳͲͫͪ΁Ͱ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒ;ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͼ;
ͻͰͽ͵ͳ ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͳ ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; tͳͲ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯ͸͹ ͼͶͰͺͳͶ͹i ͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ΕͰ ͵ͶͪͼͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͳͼͺ͹Γͪͬͪ ;
ͼͶͰΌͰΔ; ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͪ ͯ͹ ͽͪ΂͵Ͱ ͺ;΁ͪΔͪ ͸ͪͺͻͰͱͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ t͈ͻͳͻ͹ͯͪ͸ ͳ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶͪ͸
ͻͪͲͬ͹Β͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰiͬ͹ͯͳ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪt͆ͳΒͰͼͺ͹ͻ͸͹ͯͪͼͰͷͪͼͰͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ
ͬͻͰͷͰͫ;͸Ͱ ͪͶͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͺ͹ͫ;͸Ͱ;ͬͰ͵ͫͳͬͪΒ;;ͭ;΃Ͱ͸Ͱi .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ

͊͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪΒͰͷͪͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͺͪͼͳͬ͸ͳͷͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΂ͳͷͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀Ͳͫͳͬͪ
Δͪ Ͷ͹ͭͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͷͰΌ;ͼͪͷͳͷͬ͹Όͪͷͪ͸Ͱͭ͹
ͼ;͵͹ͫ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͬ͹Όͪͳͷͪͼͪ͊;͵͹ͫͷͰΌ;ͬ͹Όͪͷͪ;͸;ͽͪͻͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͳͬͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͫͳͽ͸ͳ΀͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰt͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͪΒͰ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͬͪ͵ͳͻͰͯ͹ͬ
;ͼͬ͹ͷͰͻͪ͸΁;͸͹ͼͳͷͪͻ΃ͪͶͼ͵;ͺͪͶͳ΁;͋ͪ΂͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼ;ͷͪͼͰ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͯͪͬͶͪͯͪΒ;ͪͶͳ͸ͳΒͰͷͪΔͰ
ͽͪ΂͸͹ͽ͹ͯͪͼͬͪ͵ͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͰͯͪͼͰ͹͸ͼͪͷ;Ͳͯͳͭ͸ͰͳͲ͸ͪͯ
ͭ͹ͷͳͶͰ ͳͷͪ΃ͪ͸ͼ;ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΌͰͷͰΌ;ͬ͹Όͪͷͪͳͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͪͶͪ΁i .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ
͇ͽ;ͯͪ
ΒͰ ͼ;͵͹ͫͷͰΌ;ͬ͹ΌͪͷͪͬͳΌͰ͸͵ͪ͹ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;tͼͽͪͻͳ΀iͬ͹Όͪ ͽΒ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹ΒͳͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;;ͺͻͪͬΓͪ΂͵Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͳt͸͹ͬͳ΀iͬ͹Όͪ ͽΒ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰͽͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͯ͹͵͹ͺͪΒ;
̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰͲͪͯͻͱͪͶͳ ͼͽͪͻͰͬ͹ΌͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;͹ͼͽͪͽͳ;͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽ;ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰΔͰͷͳ͹ͼͰ
ΕͪΔͳͷͪͷͪͼ͇ͪ͸ͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͼͰͫͰͯͪͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͷͪͼͪ ͯͪͳͲͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͬ͹ΌͰ͸ͳ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ
ͷͪͼͪͅ͹Εͼͽͪͻͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ͸͹ͬͰͬ͹ΌͰ ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͪͭͶͰ
ͯͳ΃ͽͪ͋ͪͯͪͼͽͪͻͰͬ͹ΌͰ ͫͪͻͰͷͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͺ͹ͯͳ΃Ͷͳͷͪͼͪ
ͷͪ͌ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͪΒͷͪ͸ͰͬͪͻΒͰͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͿͳͶͪ͵ͼͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͰͰͶͳͽͰ͆ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͼͰ
ͷͰͼͽ;ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͫͻ;΃ͪͬͪ͸ͪͯͰͷͪͭ͹ͭͰ ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪt͵;ͻͽͳͲͪ͸ͪͷͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͹ΓͰi;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͯͪ;Ͳͯͳͭ
͸;ͷͪͼͰ͸ͪͼͬ͹Β͸ͳͬ͹ ͹͸ͳͼͰͼͺ;΃ͽͪΒ;͸ͪ͸ͳͬ͹ͷͪͼͪ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͯͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;tͼͶͰͺ;ͳͷͺ;Ͷͼͳͬ͸͹ͼͽi
ͼͽͪͬͰ;ͼͶ;ͱͫ;ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͶͪ͸͹ͬͪ .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ
͊;ͺͪͻ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͽͪͻͰͳ͸͹ͬͰ
ͬ͹ΌͰ
Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͰͫ͹ͻͰͲͪ͸ͪ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͼͽͷͪͼͪ̀ͪͽ͹ͼͰ ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ;ͽͳͷͼ;͵͹
ͫͳͷͪ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͪͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸ͪͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͼ͵ͻͪΒ͸ͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ;ͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͼͶ
͈ͻͰͷ
ͯͪͽͪ͵͹͸ͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ ͷͪͼͰ͸Ͱ;͵ͶͪΔͪΒ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬ͹ΌͰ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬ͹ΌͰ;͵ͶͪΔͪΒ;ΒͰͯ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͰ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Εͷͪͼͪ
.JDIFMT

͇ͼ͸͹ͬͪͲͪͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸Ͱͼ;͵͹ͫͰͬ͹Όͪͳͷͪͬͳ΃Ͱ ͪͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰ;͵;ͺ͸͹ͼͰͯͪͷ .JDIFMT
ͼͽͻ–

1. ͠Ͱͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃Εͳ΀ ;͸;ͽͪͻͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ;͸;ͽͪͻ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ
ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;tͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀Γ;ͯͳi ͽΒͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͬ͹Β;ͻͰͺ;ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͽͰ͵Ͷͳ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ
ͺ͹Γ;ͳͲͪͽͳͷ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͶͳͯͪͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͰͺͪͻͽͳΒͳ
ͳͼͽͪͻͳ΀ͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪ ͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͬ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹
ͱͪΒͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͯ;Β;Εͳ͵ͻ͹ͲͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵;΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒ;

2. ͊;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀ͳͷͶͪΌͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪ΂Ͱͼͽ
940
3. ͇ͼ͸͹ͬͪͼ;͵͹ͫͪͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͬ͹Όͪ ͸ͺͻ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳ
ͻͪͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ

4. ͊;͵͹ͫͳͽͳͼͰͷ͹ͭ;ͬ͹ΌͰ͵͹ΒͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΒ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͭͻ;ͺͪͷͪ ͸ͺͻͺͪͻ
ͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͪͭͻ;ͺͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͲͬͻ΃͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͪͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ

5. ̽ͬͪͼͽͻͪͽ;ͷͪ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵Ͱͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ͯ͹Εͳ;ͼ;͵͹ͫ
ͅ͹ͭ;ΕΒͰͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͻ;ͺͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪ ͳͶͳͺͪ͵ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͭͻ;ͺͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀
ͬ͹Όͪ
7. ̓͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͼ;͵͹ͫͪͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳͻͪͼ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͺͻͳͲͷͰΌ;Ϳͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ΀
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪ
4
͌͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷͫͻ͹Β;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪͬ͹ΌͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͰ;ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰͷ͹ͽͳ͈ͬͪͻͬ;΂ͳ͸Ͱ
ͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ; ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͳͷͪ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͵ͻ;ͺ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͼͶ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͲͪ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͼͽͰͼ;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;ͻͰͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͽͪͳͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͼͽͪ;͸;ͽͪͻ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪͻͽͳΒͪ̽ͻ;ͭͪͭͻ;ͺͪͷ͹ͽͳͬͪΒͰͶͳ΂͸Ͱͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͰͪ͸ͽͳͺͪͽͳΒͪ Ͳͪͬͳͼͽ Γ;ͫ͹
ͷ͹ͻͪ ΒͪͭͷͪͲͪ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͷͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͳͷͪ ͳͽͯ͆ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͼͰ͹ͬͰͯͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰͷ͹ͽͳͬͪͺ͹ΒͪͬΓ;Β;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ͼ
ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷͯͪͯͻ;ͭͳͲͪͷͰ͸ͰͺͻͬͰͅ͹ͽͳͬͳͯͻ;ͭͰͭͻ;ͺͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͰͳͲ͸͹ͼͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͬͰΕͼͰ
;ͬͰ͵ͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪΒ;ͷ͹ͽͳͬͳͷͪͳͲͺͻͬͰͭͻ;ͺͰ .JIFMT

͇Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͳͲ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͶͰͫͯͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͯͬͰ ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͫ;͸Ͱ
ͷͪͼͪͳͯͳ͵ͽͪͽ;ͻͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͪ̀ͪͽ͹ͷͰΌ;͹Ͷͳͭͪͻͼͳͷͪ͸Ͱͷͪͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͪ ͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͳͽͳ
ͫͻͪͽͼͽͬͪ ͷͰΌ; Δͳͷͪ ͬͶͪͯͪΒ; ͼͽͪͶ͸ͪ ͶͪͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͪ ͫ͹ͻͫͪ ͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ͆Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͽͪͻͳ΀ͳ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͬ͹Ό̸ͪͼͺͳͻͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͳͼͽ;ͺͪΒ;ͫ͹ͻͫͰ
͸͹ ͳͼͽͳ΂;Εͳͼͬ͹Β;ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺͳΒͰͶ͸͹ͼͽͪ͵͹͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰΒ;;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͸ͪͷͰͻͪͷͪ ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͻͰΕ;t͸ͳͲͯͶͪ͵;i
ͼͽͪͻͳͷͬ͹Όͪͷͪ ͸ͪͯͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰͯͪΕͰͳ΀͹ͬͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳ̓ͪͯͪͬͳͯͰͯͪ͸Ͱ͵;͸͹ͬ;ͼͽͻ;Β;͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ
ͺ͹ͽͳͼ͸; ͼͽͪͻͰ ͬ͹ΌͰ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͽͪͬͰ ͸ͪ ΔͰ͸͹ ΂ͰͶ͹ ͇͸ͳ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ; ͯͪ ͳͲͪͲ͹ͬ;
͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͰͻͰΔͰͷͪͼͪ ͺͻͰͷͪͪͼͺͳͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;Εͳͳ΀͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͰͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͰͬͪͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪ ͯͰͷͪͭ͹
ͲͳͷͪͳͼͶ͈ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͼͺͳͻͪ͸ͪͽͪΒͰͺͪ͵;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹͹͸ͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽ͵ͪ͹͹͸ͳ͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰ͸;ͽ
͸͹Ͳͪ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;͵͹ͷͪ͸ͯ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͰ̹͹ͻͫͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͽͪͻͳ΀ͳ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪͬ͹ͯͳͼͰͳ͹͵͹ͺͳͽͪΔͪͼͶ͹
ͫ͹ͯͰͷͳͼͶͳͳͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ΒͰͻͯ͹͵͹ͬͳͺͻͬͳͳͼͽͳ΂;ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸; ͼ;ͫ͹ͻͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳ΂ͪ͵΁Ͱ͸Ͳ;ͻ; ͯͻ;ͭͳ
ͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΒ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͳ .JIFMT

͊;͵͹ͫͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͽͪͻͳ΀ͳ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪͷ͹ͱͰͳͷͪͽͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰͳͼ΀͹ͯͰ͉Ͱͽ͵͹ͼͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪͯͪ͸͹ͬͰ
ͬ͹ΌͰ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ͺ͹ͻͪͲͰ ͼͽͪͻͰ ̸͵͹ ͼͰ ͽ͹ ͳ ͯͰͼͳ ͸Ͱ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ t̽͹ͫͳͽͪ͵ Ͳͪ
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ;͹ͯͽͪ͵ͬͰͲͪͷͰ͸ͰΒͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹͸;Ͷͪi .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ
̽͹͵ͼ;;ͷͪΔͳ͸ͳ ͸͹ͬͰ
ͬ͹ΌͰͫͻͪ͸ͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͰͼͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͷͷͰͽ͹ͯͳͷͪ΂ͳͷͯ͹Ό;͸ͪͬͶͪͼͽ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃;ͼͰ
ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͪ͵͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ͵Ͱ ͺͪͽͪ͵͹tͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻͳͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͻͳͼ;ͽͻͪ΃Δͳ΁Ͱi .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͹ͬͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͫͪͻͰͽ͵͹Ͳͪͬͻ΃ͪͬͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳͷ
4
͈͹ͯtͻͪͼ͸ͳͷͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪiͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳͳͶͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ
941
ͺ͹ͻͪͲ͹ͷ ͼͽͪͻͳ΀ ͬ͹Όͪ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃Εͳ ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹ͭ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ΒͰͼͽͰ ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͪͬ ͪͷͪͶͭͪͷ ͼͽͪͻͳ΀ ͳ
͸͹ͬͳ΀ ͬ͹Όͪ ̀ͪͽ͹ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͈ͪͻͰͽ͹ͬͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ ͹ ͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ͰͶͳͽͪ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͫͳͽͳ ;ͲͰͽͪ ͼͪ
ͻͰͲͰͻͬ͹ͷt<> ; ͬͰΕͳ͸ͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͪ͸ͰͷͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸Ͱ ͲͪͷͰ͸Ͱ ΒͰͯ͸ͰͰͶͳͽͰͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ ͬͰΕ ͼͰͻͪͯͳ ͹
͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;ͳͻͪ͸͹ͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͷͰ΃ͪΔͪ ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͼͽͪͻͳ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹ ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂Ͱ ͪͺͼ͹ͻͫ;Β; ͳ
ͪͼͳͷͳͶͳͻͪΒ;͸͹ͬͰi .JDIFMT ͼͽͻ

̸̸̻͇̹̈́̈́́̀͏̸́͠ ͇̹͊͌̓ ͎́̾̈́͊ͅ

͊ͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ͯͪͼ͵ͻͪΒ͸;ͽ͹ͼͽͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͰͶͳͽͰ ͺͪͽͪ͵͹ͳͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬͰ ͳͷͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ;Ͳͻ͹͵Ͱ͆ͪͳ
ͷͰ Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΔͰͭ͹ͬtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵͹͸͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰiͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳ;ͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒ;͵ͪ͹ͽͪ͵
ͬ; ͵ͪ͵͹͹͸;;͸;ͽͪͻͺͪͻͽͳΒͼ͵; ͽͪ͵͹ͳͺͪͻͶͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸; ͪͶͳͳͼͬͪ͵;ͯͻ;ͭ;͇ͽ;ͯͪΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸ͫͻ͹Βͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ
ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ; ͺͳͼͪ͸΃ͰͲͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ ͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͳ͹ͼͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͳͷͪ͹Ͳͪ
΁ͳΓͯͪ͹ͼͺ͹ͻͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͽͬͻͯΔͰ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͼͽͪͬ;ͯͪͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ͸;ͱ͸͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ
΀ͳΒͳ͋ͪ͵͹̓;͵͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰͯͪͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳͷͪ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͳͷͺͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ;
ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͊ͻͰΕ͹ͷ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ̓;͵ ͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͽͪ͵͹ Ͳͪͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͼͳ͸
ͯͳ͵ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͳͯͰͪͶ;ͰͭͪͶͳͽͪͻ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱ ͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳ͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͶͳ͵;
Ͳͪͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͹ͬ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰΒͰͻ;ͼ͹͹ͬͼ͵ͳ 3PVTTFBV
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Β;Εͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ tͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪi ͼͪͷ͹ tͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͪ Ϳͳ͵΁ͳΒͪi 4DBGG
͌ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΁ͳ ͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͪ
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ͱͳ͹ͯ͹͵ͪͲͰ͹ͼͺ͹Βͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰͳ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͺͰͼͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͪ
ͬͰΕͺͰͼͳͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͻͰͲͳͻͪ͹ΒͰͻΒͰͯ͹͸ͰͶͪͺ͹ͫ͹
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͆ͪͺͻͰͯͳͲ͸ͰͽͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͅͳ΀ͰͶͼͳͷͪ͹; ͬͳͯ;ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸; ͻ;ͼ͹͹ͬͼ͵;ͯͰͷ͹
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ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͽͪ΂͸͹ͯͪ͹͸;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͊͹΁ͳΒͪͶͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ΒͺͪͻͽͳΒͳ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ͵ͪ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ
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ͳ ͼͪͷ; ͯͻͱͪͬ; 5 ͊ͪ ͯͰͬͰͯͰͼͰͽͳͷ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͳ ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵Ͱ
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ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͿͳͶͳͺͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹̺̹ͭͰͶ͹ 8#FMMP
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5
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̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͼͶ͹ͷͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭt͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪiͳͼͶ ̽ͪͶͳͼͰͽ;ͻͪͯͳ͹ͺ͹ͫ;͸ͳͷͪͼͪ ͳͶͳͺͪ͵
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͹ͬͪͳͫͰͲͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͬͪΓͪͳͷͪͽͳ ͸ͪ;ͷ;ͳ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͼ;͵͹
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;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͶͳͬͳͻͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷͪͳ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱͳͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸Ͱ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰ ͪͶͳͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹
ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪͳ͵ͪ͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪͳ͹ͫͳ
ΓͰͱͪͬͪͼͬͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͰͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͰ͈͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͸͹ͬ͹ͭͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ͹ͫͳΓͰͱͰ͸ΒͰͫ;ͻ͸ͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͯͰ΃ͪͬͪ
Δͳͷ͈ͪͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷͬͳΒͰ͵;– ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͼͰͶ͹i;Ͳ
͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸;ͷ͹ΕͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸;͵ͻͳͲ;
ͫͻͳͼͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͳͻͪͳͻͪͽͪ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͼͰ͵ͪ͵͹;Ͳͪ͸Ͱ
ͷͪͻͳͬͪΔ; ͳ ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔ; Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ; ͫͰͲͫΒͰͯ͹͸͹ͼ͸ͳͷ ͻͳͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ ;ͼͶͰͯ
tͺ͹ͻ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͆ͪΒ͹ͺͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳ ͼ; ͹͸ͳ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͯ;ͱ
΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͺ͹ͯͳΒͰΓͰ͸ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ΃;ͼͰ͵ͻ͹ͲͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ͆Ͱ͹Ͷͳ
ͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͯ͹ͭͷͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪͳ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͪ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼͳͻ͹ͬ͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳͳ͸ͪͰ͵ͼ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͯͻͱͪͬͰ– ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͱͳͬͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ;͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ̻Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;ͬͳͯΓͳͬͰ̹ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͳͼͬͳΒͰͽ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ99ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪͫͳ͹
ͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ; ;͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ ͼͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͼ;ͺͰͻͼͳͶ͹ͷ ͬͰΕ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͺͻͬͰ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ 99*
ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ͹ͫͻͳͼͰ– ͷ;Ͷͽͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭ͊ͽͬͪͻͪͼͰͷ;Ͷͽͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͳͼͬͳΒͰͽͼͪ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ̽͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͪ ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͵͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͪ ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͼͰ
͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪ;ͼͶͰͯͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͳͬ͹Β͸͹ͭΒͪ΂ͪΔͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪͳ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬͪ;ͼͶͰͯͬͳ΃ͰͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱͪͻ͹ͭͪ͸΁ͳΒͰ
ͳͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͪͬͪΔͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͆͹ͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼ;΂ͰΓͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ
ͼͰ;t΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸͹ͷͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔ;i– ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͺ͹Γ;
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉́̾͐́͠: ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͷ;Ͷͽͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪͷ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ
ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ.

̺͇͌̽
͍Ͱ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͳͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪ ΂ͪ͵ͳ͹͸ͳ΀͸ͪΒͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΒͳ΀ ͷ͹ͭ;ͼͰͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ
ͽͳͼͪͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰͲͪͼ͸ͳͬͪΒ; ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ΒͪͬͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ͵΃ͳͷͲͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ͪͶͳ
1
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945
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪͬͪͫ͹ΓͰͼͪͭͶͰͯͪͬͪΔͰͼͪͷͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ̓ͻͪΒͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͹ͬ͹ͭͬͳΒͰ͵ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷͳ ;Ͳ͸ͪ͵;ͫͻͳͼͪΔͪ
ͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͲͫ͹ͭ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼ;ͺͻͰͷͪͽͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹
ͼͽͳ ͵͹͹ͺͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳ ͼͶ ́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͳ
ͬͻͳΒͰͷͰͷ͸͹ͭͳ΀ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͬͳͻͪΔͪ– ͼͶ͹ͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͽͳ΂͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ
͸ͪ ͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹Β ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀¢Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀¢ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀¢͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ
́ͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ͽ͹ΒͰͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ͵ͪͯͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͳͷͰͯͳΒͳͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΒ;͸͹ͬͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹
ͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͳͺ͹Βͷ͹ͬͳͼ; ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳͼ;ͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳͼͪͶͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͪ
ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͳ͸͹ͬͳ͊ͬͰͺ͹Ͷ;ͭͰͷ͹ΕͳͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ– ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱ ͽͻͪ͸ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱͳͯͻ;ͭͰ ͵ͪ͹͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ
ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ͼ;ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳΒ;͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪ΃ͽ͹ͬͰΕͰͭͯ͹ͷͰͽͪͺͻ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸ͪͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪ
̽͹ͯͪͽ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͰ ͳͲͻͪͼͶͰ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ;
ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺͪͻͰ͸ͽ͸Ͱ͵ͻ͹ͲͻͰͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͽͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ
͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;;͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳͼͪΔ;;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͼͿͰͻͪͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͪͳͯͰ
͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ ͼ; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱ ͵͹͸͹ͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͍Ͱ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪͶͰ͵͹ͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ͹͵ͬͳͻͰͳ
͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͬͰ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͈͹ΒͪͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͼͬͰ
ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸;ͺ͹Βͪͬ;ͳͶͳ ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪ ͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰͽͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺͪͳͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪt͇ͽ͵ͪͯͼ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͼ͸ͪͭͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵;Β;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͵ͪͽ͹ͭͪͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪΒͰͰ͵ͼͺ͹͸Ͱ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ
ͫͻͲͳ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸ͪi ͑ͺ͹ͻͰͻ ͼͽͻ

ͅ͹ͱͰͼͰ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͻͳΒͰ΂͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹Βͳͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ͵͹ͻͳΒͰ͸Ͱ;ͯͪͶͰ͵͹Βͺͻ͹΃
Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͪ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ ͹ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸; ͺͻ͹ͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ͷ͹ͭ; ͼͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͽͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ ͺ͹΂Ͱ΁ͳ ͋ͪ͵͹
ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪͽͳͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͰ ͽͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͉ͳͷͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰ ͽΒ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵Ͱͽ͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͳͼͽͻͪΒ͸Ͱ͸ͪͼͽͪͬΓͪ΂Ͱ ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͺͻ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Β͹ͷ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͳ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ ͋ͪ͵͹ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ 97* ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͽΒ ; ͺͻͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷ
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪ ͉ͪͲͶͳ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ; ͸ͪͲͳͬ; ͽͰ ; ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͷͪ ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰ
͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ ͽΒͺͻ͹ͳͲͬͰͼͽͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸̺ͪͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͺͻͳͷͳΒͰͽͳͽͳͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪ
ΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͶͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹;ͫͻͲͪΔͰ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͳͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ
;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪͳͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͈ͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͲͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͷͬͳΒͰ͵;– ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰtͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͼͰͶ͹i;Ͳ
͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸;ͷ͹ΕͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;͸Ͱͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͻͪͼͽͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱͻͪͽ͹ͬͰ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸;͵ͻͳ
Ͳ; ͫͻͳͼͪΔͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͷͳͻͪͳͻͪͽͪ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͼͰ͵ͬͰ͸΁ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪΒ;ͼͰ͵ͪ͵͹;
Ͳͪ͸ͰͷͪͻͳͬͪΔ;ͳ͸ͰͼͽͪΒͪΔ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͫͰͲͫΒͰͯ͹͸͹ͼ͸ͳͷͻͳͲͳ΁ͳͷͪ
;ͼͶͰͯtͺ͹ͻ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͳiͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͆ͪΒ͹ͺͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͼ;͵͹ͫͳͼ;͹͸ͳͲͫ͹ͭ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳ΀ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ

̸͉͇̽̾͆̓͑ͣ̾̓́ͣ͡: ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ;͸͹ͬ͹ͷͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷ;
ͯ;ͱ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͺ͹ͯͳΒͰΓͰ͸ͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳ΃;ͼͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ
ͷͪ
̸̸̸̻͇͈͇͈͉̺͉͇̺͇̾̈́́͋́͐̓̾́͌͆́̈́̾͆́͌͌͢͠ͅͅͅ
̓ͻͪΒͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͸͹ͬ͹ͭͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ͹ͫͳΓͰͱͰ͸ΒͰͲͪ͹΃ͽͻͪͬͪΔͰͷͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ ͼͳͶ͈ͪ͹Βͪ΂ͪ͸ͪ ΒͰͫ͹ͻͫͪͲͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ Ͱ͸ͰͻͭͰ͸ͽͳ ͬ͹ͯͪ ͷͳ͸ͰͻͪͶͳ
͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸ͳͬ͹;
̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͻͳͬͪͶͼͽͬͪ ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸ͪ ͺ͹Βͪͬͪ ̀ͫ͹ͭ ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰΕͳ ͼͰ
ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷ ;ͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͷΒͰͼͽ͹ͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ͊ͬͪ͵ͳ͸͹ͬͳ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͳͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͽͻͪͱͳͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸Ͱ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͻͪͲͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͪͳ
ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪΔ͇ͪ͸ͰͼͰͼͬ͹ͯͰ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͸ͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͸͹ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪΒ;Εͳͷ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ
΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪ ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;ΕͳͷͪͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͳͲͪͲ͹ͬͳͷ̺ͪͳ΃Ͱ͹ͯͯͬͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ
͸ͰͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ;͵ͻͪΒΔͰ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͷΒͰͻ͸͹ ͺͻͰ͵͹΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͳ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹ͭͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳ
ΒͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹͈ͬͪ͹ͷͰ
͸;ͽͳͽ͹͵͹ͬͳͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͼ;΂Ͱͼͽ͹͵͹͸ͽͻͪͯͳ͵ͽ͹ͻ͸ͳ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲ͸ͳͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ;ͻΒͰ΂͸ͳ͇͸ͳ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪ
ͽͪΒ;ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ ͼͬͰ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͌ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͼͰ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;͵͹ͼͷ͹ͺ͹ͶͳͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͬͰͼͽͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͺ͹ͳͼ
ͽ͹ͬΒͰΕ;ΒͰͼͺ͹ͼͽͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͷ
͇ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳ͹͸ͳͲͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͳͯ͹ͻͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͳͻͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΔͪͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͪ
ΒͰͺͳͽͪΔͰͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͈ͪ͹ͶͪͲͰΕͳ͹ͯͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ; ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ ͺ͹ͼͽͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͷ͹ ͯͪ ͼͰ ;
͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͯΒͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪͽͳ ͸͹ͬͪ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ – ͭͰ͹ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͇͸ͪ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ ͬͰͲͳͬ͸͹ ͽ͵ͳͬ͹ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͳ ͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷ͸;
ͿͪͲ;ͳͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͭ;ͲͪͯΒͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ́ͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͯΒͰͶ;ΒͰͺͻͰ͵͹͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ΁ͻ͵ͬͪ
ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ΃͵͹Ͷͼͽͬ͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͳ ͷͰͯͳΒͳ
͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͼͰ ;
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͳͶͪ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹ͭ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭͳͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰΌ͇ͪ͸ͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ͹ͻ;ΌͰ;ͻ;͵ͪͷͪͽͲͬ
͸͹ͬͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪ ͵ͶͪͼͰ͸Ͱͽͻͱͳ΃͸͹͹ͫ͹ͭͪΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ
͵ͻ;ͺ͸͹ͭ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͳͫͳͲ͸ͳͼͪ͵͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͳ
ͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻͰ;ͻͰΌͰΔ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;͵͹ͻͳͼͽ;ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺ͈ͪͻ͹ͫ
ͶͰͷΒͰ΃ͽ͹ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃Ͱ͵Ͷͪͼ͸ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͳ
Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒ;̓ͪ͹ͳͼͬͪ͵ͪͯͻ;ͭͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͺ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬΓ;ΒͰͳͻͰͯ;͵;ΒͰ ͼͽͬͪͻ
͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪ ͫͳ ΔͰ͸ͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸ͪ ͯͰͷͪͭ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͳ ͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰͽͳ͵ͪ ͫͳͶͰ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽΓͳͬͰ ͳ ͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬͰ Ͳͪ
΃ͳͻ͹͵ͰͷͪͼͰ̽ͻͪ΃͵͹ͬͳΕ
͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪΒͰ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪͳ
ͯͪͼͪͯͻͱͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ ΒͰͻͼͰͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͪ;ͯ͹ͭͷͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͽ͹ͽͪͶͳͽͪͻͳͲͪͷͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳ
ͬͳͲͪͷ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔͰͻͰͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ
͇͸ͪͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃Ͱͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ΀;ͷͪ͸Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸ͰͳͰ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵Ͱͺ͹ͼΓͰͯͳ΁ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ΒͰͻͼ;ͺͼͽͳͽ;ͳ΃ͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͰͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ
͸ͳͷ͆ͪͳͼͽ͹ͷͿ͹͸;ͼ;ͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪͼͪtͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ
ͼͪ͸͹ͭ΀ͪ͹ͼͪͳ΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹ͷͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪi
947
̺͹Β͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͫͶ͹͵ ̸͇͆͋ Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸ ͻͪͯͳ t͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΔͪi ͉͊͊͊ ͹ͯ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ ͳ΀
ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ͸͹ ͼͰ ͺ͹ͷΒͰͻͪ ͵ͪ ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͉;ͼ͵Ͱ ͍ͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͭ͸͹ͻͳ΃;Εͳ ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͈͹ͼͶͳΒͰͺͪͯͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪ ͸ͰͼͽͪͶͰͼ;ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͻͪͲͷͳͻͳ΁ͰͳͲͷͰΌ;͉;ͼͳΒͰͳ̸͊̽ ͪͶͳ
͸ͳΒͰͳ΃΂ͰͲͶ͹ͻͳͬͪͶͼͽͬ͹͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬͰͬͰͲͰͼͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷͪ ͬͰΕͼͭͰ͹ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵ͳͷ͸ͪͯͷ;ͯͻͳ
ͬͪΔͰͷͲͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸ͰͼͿͰͻͰͳͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;͍;͵;ΒͪͷͪΒͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͶͰͺ̹ͪͯͪͰͻͶͳ͸
ͼ͵͹ͭͲͳͯͪͳͺ͹ͻͪͲ͉ͪ͊͊͊ͪͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ ͯ͹΃ͪ͹t͵ͻͪΒͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ ;͵͹ΒͰͷͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͼͬͰͽͪ΂͵Ͱ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳ
Β; ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷͳΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͺͻͪͬͪ͌ͺͻ͵͹ͼ͹ͫͰΕͪΔͳͷͪͯͪͽͳͷͅͳ΀ͪͳͶ;̻͹ͻͫͪ
΂͹ͬ; ̸͇͆͋ͼͰ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͰͻͰ͎Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͭͻͪͽͪͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ͹͸ͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳ;ͼͬ͹Βͼͪͼͽͪͬͳ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ͹ͯ
ͫͳͬ΃ͳ΀ͼ͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ ͐Ͱ΀;ͶͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͋ͪ͵͹ΒͰ;΃ͪ͹;ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ͵͹Βͳ͉;ͼͳΒͪͼͷͪ
ͽͻͪtͲ͹͸͹ͷͼͬ͹Βͳ΀Ͳͪ΃ͽͳΕͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪi
͌ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͳͼ;ͼͰ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳͶͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͪ͵ͪͬͪͭͻͰͼͳͬ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͻ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99
ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͋Ͱ͵ ͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵͹ͷ ̺Ͷͪͯͳͷͳͻͪ ͈;ͽͳ͸ͪ ͸ͪ ΂ͰͶ͹ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͺ͹΂ͰͶͳ ͼ; ͯͪ ;΂ͬͻ΃Ε;Β; ͼͬ͹Β; ͼͿͰͻ;
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ̺ͪͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ΒͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͹ͺͻ͹ͫͪ͸ͳͷͻͰ΁Ͱͺͽ͹ͷ– ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ͹ͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ
͵ͪ͸;͆ͪͽ͹ͷͺ;ͽ;ͲͪͽͰ͵ͶͪͼͰͳ͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͺ͹ΓͰͼ;͵͹ͫΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ͆ͪ;΂ͳͬ΃ͳͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵Ͷͳ΀
ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͰͳͼͽͳͶͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱͫ͹ͻͫͰ ͅ͹ͼ͵ͬͪͼͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ;͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰͳ͵ͻͳͷͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺͳͽͪΔͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸ͳΒͪ;͹ͬ͹ͷ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸͹ͷͻͪͽ;́ͪ͵͹ΒͰ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ͯͪ͸ͳ̀ͪͺͪͯ;΀ͳͫͻͳ
ͯ͸͹ͷͻͪͽ;ͼ͉;ͼͳΒ͹ͷ͸ͰͲͪ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͫͪͻ͵ͪͯͼͰͺ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͬΒͰ΃ͽͪ΂͵͹͹ͫͪͻͪΔͰ΁ͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪͿͽͰͳͭͪͼͪ ͹ͫͪ
ͻͪΔͰͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͻ;ͫΓͰ;͉;ͼͳΒͳ– ̸͇͆͋ͼͬͰ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰͯͪΒͰ͉;ͼͳΒͪͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͯͪ;ͷͳ
ΒͰͯͪͬ͹ͯͳ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳͻͪͽ̓ͻͳͲͪ;͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ;ͫͻͳͲͭͪͶͪΒͰ͸͹ͬ;ͯ͹Ͳ;ͪͯͻͰ͸ͪͶͳ͸ͪ;̸͇͆͋ͳͺͻ;
ͱͳͶͪͷ;͸͹ͬ͹͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪ
͎Ͷͪͯ͸ͳͻͪͽ͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͹͵͹͸΂ͪ͸ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͰͳͲͪtͭͬ͹ͲͯͰ͸Ͱ
ͲͪͬΒͰͼͰi;̺ͪ΃ͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸;͸ͳͼ;ͭͶͰͯͪͶͳ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸Ͱͺͪͻͽ͸ͰͻͰ͆ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͸ͪͼͽͪͬͳͶͳͼ;ͯͪ
͉;ͼͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΁;͉͊͊͊ͪ ͽͻͰͽͳͻͪΒ;ͳͼͽͳͷ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͻͪͽ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͪͻ΃ͳ͸ͳͷͪ ͯ͹͵ͼ; ͯͻͱͪͬͰ
ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͶͪͭͰͻͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͺ͹ͽ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͼͬ͹Βͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷ͇ͪͬ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͸ͪΒ;͹΂ΓͳͬͳΒͰ;
͈͹Γͼ͵͹ΒͳͫͪͶͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ͆ͪ͵͹͸ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ͊͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ͊ͪͬͰͲͪ
ͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͰͽ͸͹ͭͼ͹΁ͳΒͪ
Ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͫͶ͹͵ͪ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Β;ͼ;͸ͪͻ;΃Ͱͬͳ͸ͪͷͪͽ͹ͭͳͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭͼͬͳΒͰ
ͽͪͳͲͭͻͪͯͳͶͰ̸͊̽ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͼͪͬͰͲ͸ͳ΁ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼͰͳͺͪ͵͵ͪ͹– ͵ͻͪͽ͵͹ͬΒͰ΂͸ͪͺ͹ͫͰͯͪ
ͅ͹͸͹ͺ͹ͶͪͻͳͲͪͷ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ͵ͻ͹ͲͳͯͰΒ;͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ̸͊̽͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͺͻͰ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͼ;ͺͰͻͼͳͶͪͳ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͰ͢Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ͵ͪ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͼͳͶͰ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͽͰͱͳͶͪ ͯͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵; ͸ͪͯͷ͹Ε ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͺ͹ͽ͵ͻͳΒͰͺͳ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ͳ
ͪͷͫͳ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͪ
͸ͪͷͰͽͪͶͳ ͼ; ͸͹ͬͪ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͳͭͻͰ ̽͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̸͊̽ ͳ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
ͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͳΓͰͱͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ̺͹Β͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ; ́ͻͪ͵;
͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͳ ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸; tͪͻͪͺͼ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͶͰΕͪi Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳͻͪΔͰͺͻͰͬͻͪͽͪ;͌͵ͻͪΒͳ͸ͳ– ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͼ;
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱͼͺ͹Γ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ̹ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͳͼͬͳΒͰͽ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ99ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪͫͳ͹
ͺͻͰͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹;;͸ͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ ͼͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͼ;ͺͰͻͼͳͶ͹ͷ ͬͰΕͽ͹͵͹ͷͺͻͬͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ 99*
ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ͹ͫͻͳͼͰ– ͷ;Ͷͽͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͳͬ͹Β͸͹Βͪ΂ͪΔͰ̓ͳ͸Ͱ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͰ
͸͹ͬͰ tͷ;ͶͽͳͬͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱiͻ;ͼ͵Ͱͼͺ͹Γ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼ͸͹ͬͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͳͷͪͳͷ;Ͷ
ͽͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸͹΃Ε; ΂ͳΒͳͼͰ͹ͫͻͳͼͳ͸ͪͲͳͻ;– ͬ͹ͯͰ͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳͷͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪͳͭͻͰ

͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ̸͊̽;ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ΒͰͳͯͪΓͰ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͻͪ͸ͳͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ΕͰͳ;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͷ
ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͼͬ͹Β;ͬ͹Β͸;ͷ͹Ε ͳͷͪͽͳΒͰͯ͸;͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀;Ͷ͹ͭͪ͸ͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳ ͷͪͯͪΕͰͫͳͽͳ
ͺͻͳ͸;ΌͰ͸Ͱ ͯͪ ͼͬ͹Β; ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸; ͷ͹Ε ͺ͹ͯͳΒͰͶͰ ͼ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͳͭͻͪ΂ͳͷͪ ͊ͪͯ ͼͰ
ͷͪΔͰ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͪ ;ΒͰͯͳΔ;ΒͰ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽ; ͪ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ͹ ͸͹ͬ͹ͷ ΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͽ; ͳͲͷͰΌ;
̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͪͷ͹ͱͯͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̓ͳ͸Ͱ ́ͻͪ͸ͪͳ́͸ͯͳΒͰ͉;ͼ͵͍ͪͰͯͰͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͳͼͬ͹Β;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͻͪͲ͸ͳͷͽͪ΂͵ͪͷͪͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͰͳ͵ͻ͹Ͳͬͳͯ͹ͬͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͪͬͰͲͪͺ͹ͺ;ͽ̀͆̽ ̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ
ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼ͵Ͱ;͸ͳΒͰͳͶͳ
̹͉́̓͊ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔ̹ͪͻͪͲͳͶ– ͉;ͼͳΒͪ– ́͸ͯͳΒͪ– ̓ͳ͸ͪ– ͠;ͱ͸̸ͪͿͻͳ͵ͪ
;Ͱͺ͹΀ͳ
͵͹ΒͪͼͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹͸ͪͲͳͬͪtͺ͹ͼͽͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͷi̺͹Β͸ͪͷ͹Ε͉;ͼͳΒͰͳ̓ͳ͸Ͱ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪ͹ͼͳͳͲͫΒͰͭͶͳ΂͵Ͱ
͵ͻͳͲͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͰ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ;ͺͶͳͽͪΔͪ – ͳͷͪΒ; ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͼͷͪΔͰΔͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͷ͹Εͳ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ
͆Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ΒͰͯͪΕͰͽͪͷ͹ΕͫͳͽͳͲ͸ͪͽ͸ͪͳ;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͪͶͳΕͰͼͰ;͹ͫͲͳͻͷ͹ͻͪͽͳ;Ͳͳͷͪͽͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͭͻͪ΂̸ͪ͊̽ͼ;;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͶͰͬͻͶ͹ͯ͹ͼͶͰͯ
͸;ͼͺ͹Γ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳΓ– ͸Ͱͯ͹Ͳͬ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͼͳͶͳͯͪͼͽͰ͵͸Ͱͼ;ͬͳ΃ͰͬͰͶͳ͵;
ͬͶͪͼͽ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ͋ͻͰͫͪͻͰΕͳͯͪͼ;̸͊̽;ͬͳΒͰ͵ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͰͯͪ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͺͻͳΒͰͽͳ͹ͯͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͪͬͰͲ͉ͪ;ͼͳΒͰͳ͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵Ͱ
͆͹ͬͳ ͬͳͯ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ; Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ ͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͳͲͬ͹Ͳͪ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱ
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺ͹ΓͰ Ͳͪ ͸͹ͬͰ ͬͳͯ͹ͬͰ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ̻Ͱ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͼ;ͫͶͳͷͳͻͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ
ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͪ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ͸ͰͲͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲͪ͸
ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͳͺ͹ΓͰͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͯΒͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͳΒͰͽ;̀ͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵͹͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͰͭͰ͹
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͰͳͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰΒͰͼͽͰͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͹ͫΒͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͰͳͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ͸ͪͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β ͻͪͬ͸ͳ ̻Ͱ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ ͼͰ ͹ͼͶͪΔͪ ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͳ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂;ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͳΓͰ ̹ͪͫͳΕ

̸͊̽ ͼ; ͲͪͭͶͳͫΓͰ͸Ͱ ; ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ ͼͬͳΒͰͽ; ͹ͯ ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ́ͻͪ͵ͪ
̈́ͳͫͳΒͰͳͯͻ ͼͪ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳͷͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͯ;ͭ͹ͷͳͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ͹ͷͯͪͯͻ;ͭͰͼͳͶͰΒͪ΂ͪΒ;ͳͽͻͪͱͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͷΒͰͼͽ͹͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ̾͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ̓ͳ͸Ͱͳ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ͉;ͼͳΒͰͲͯͻ;ͱͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ
ͺͻͰͽΔͪͫͻ͹ΒΒͰͯͪ͸Ͳ̸̸ͪ͊̽͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪΔͰ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ́ͻͪ͸ͪͳ̓ͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͷͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͱͪͻͳ΃ͽ;;
͊ͳͻͳΒͳͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹Β΃ͪ΀͹ͬͼ͵͹ΒͽͪͫͶͳͼͺ͹Γ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ͷͰΔͪ
Β;̽͹ͼ͵͹ͻ͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸ͰͲͪͷͳͼͶͳͬ͹ͯͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬͳ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͵͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͳͷ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ
͸ͳͷ̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪ;t;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔ;ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͻͰͯͪͳͷͳͻͪi̻Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͫ͹ͻͫͪͲͪͽ͹͵͹ͬͰͰ͸ͰͻͭͰ
͸ͪͽͪ ͸ͪͿͽͰ ͭͪͼͪ ͻ;ͯͪ ͫ͹ͻͫͪͲͪͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳͷͻͪͽ͹ͷ – ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ;͹ͫͳΓͰͱΒͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹
Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͷͳͼͪ͹̸͊̽ͳ̸͇͆͋ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒ;
ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ̀ͫͳͭΔͰ̹ͬͪͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͵ͪ͹΁ΒͰͶ͹ͬͳͽ͹ͷͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ;ͺ͹ͯͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ̸͊̽
͌ͽ͹ΒͬͳͲͳΒͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪͳͷͪͲͪͺͪͱͰ͸͹ͷΒͰͼͽ͹2 ͈͹ͫΒͰͯͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ;΀Ͷͪͯ͸͹ͷͻͪͽ;͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲ
ͬͰͶͪ ͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿ ͬͰΕ ͳͼ΁ͻͺΓͰΔͰ 3 ͌Ͳͻ͹͵ ͼͽͪͭ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Γ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ
2
͈ͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ΒͰ ͬͳΌͰ͸ ͵ͪ͹ Ͳ͹͸ͪ ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸Ͱ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͳ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͯͻͱͪͬͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͼͰͼͽͪͬͳͺ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵;ͬͻͼͽ;ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪ ̽Ͱͼͺ͹ͽ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

3
̀ͪͺͪͯΒͰͳͷͪ͹ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ . – ͯ͹͵ͼͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͯͪΕͰͺͪͼͽͳ͸ͪ.
͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ ͹ͺͪͯͪΔͰͳ͸ͪͺ͹Γ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ – ͸ͪͳͷͰ ̀ͪͺͪͯΒͰ ; ͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹Βͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹Βͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͳ
;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪ͹ͼͪ ͯ͹͵ͼͰͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͪͯͪΕͰ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ͹ͬͪͽͳͼͪͼͪͷ͹ ͺͻͰͷ͎ͪͪ͸ͽͳ͸ͭͽ͹͸ ͼͽͻ
95

949
ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͽ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͺ͹ͻ͹ͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ ͬͰΕ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯͻ;ͭͳͫͻͱͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪΒ;͊ͪͼͶͳ΂͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͹ͷ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ
ͼͰͳ̺ͰͶͳ͵̹ͪͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͪ͵ͻͪΒͰͷ9*9ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͹͸ͪΒͬͰΕͪͼͳͶͪͽ͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
̻Ͱ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳͼͬͻ΀ͪͳͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷ͹Ε
ͼͰ ͹ͯ ͺͪͷͽͳͬΒͰ͵ͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͪ ͻͪͯͳ ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ΁ͳΓͰͬͪ ͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ
͎ͪͻͽͶͪ͸ͯͪ ͉ͳͷͶͪ͸ͯͪ ͶͳͫͰ͸ͼͻͪ;ͷͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͪͲͳΒͼͽͬͪͳͶͳͺͪ͸ͼͶͪͬͳͲͷͪ͸ͳͼ;Ͳͪͫ͹ͻͪͬΓͰ͸Ͱͳͯͪͼ;ͳ
ͯͪΓͰ ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ ͊ͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰ ͼͰ ͼͪͷ͹ ; ͳͲͷͳΒͰΔͰ͸ͳͷ ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳ ;Ͳ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͯͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͳͭͻͪ΂ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͯ;ͼͽͪΒ;͵ͪͯͪͼ;;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳ͆͹ ͽ;ͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹΃ͽ͹
ͷ͹ͱͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͯͪͯ͹ͬͰͯͰͯ͹ͯ;ͱͰͭͼͷͳͻͳͬͪΔͪͷͪ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵ͻͳͲͰ ͉;ͼͳΒͪΒͰ ͷͪ͵ͪͻͯ͹ͯͪΓͰͭ ͹ͯ;ͼ
ͽͪͶͪ͹ͯt͠;ͱ͸͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪiͳͶͳ t͋;ͻͼ͵͹ͭͽ͹͵ͪi͇ͽͺ͹ͻͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ΀Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͫͳ͹ΒͰͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸ͳ͸ͪͽ͹Β
ͽͻͪͼͳͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͭͪͼ͸͹ͭͺͻ͹ͯ͹ͻͪ͵ͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͰͬͳͯͰ͸ͽͪ͸ͳ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀΂Ͷͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ̾͌
͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;Ͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;̸͊̽ͱͰͼͽ͹͵͹ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͰͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͳͭͪͼ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻͪ͊ΒͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͽ͹͵.
͈͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃Ͱͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͸ͳΒͰͯͰͼͳͶͪ Γ;ͯͳ;ͼͪͬ
ͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͳΒͰͽ;ͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺͼͰ;ͯ͹ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ;͸ͪͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ;ͼͶͰͯͼͽͪͶ͸ͰͳͲͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͳͷ;Ͷͪ͵ͻ;
ͷͳͷͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ ͪͅ΃ͳͻͰͬͳΕ
͌ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔ;ͷͰͯͳΒͳͼ;͸ͰͲͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͲͪ͸
Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ΒͰͻͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͪͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ;΂Ͱͼͽͬ;Β;;ͻͪͽ;;ͷΒͰͻͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹Βͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ
ͻͪͽ͸ͪͽͰ΀͸ͳ͵ͪͪͬ͠͸͹ͷΔͰΔͰͳͷͪ͹ͭͻ͹ͷͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͳͳͼ΀͹ͯ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͸ͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯ; ͠Ͱͯ͸ͪ ;ͺͰ΂ͪͽΓͳͬͪ ͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͬͳΒͰͼͽ ͻͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ͹ͯͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͶͳͯͰͻͪͳͶͳΒͰͯͪ͸΁ͳΓͪ͸ͳͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͳͲ͸Ͱ͵Ͱͻͪͽ͹ͷͲͪ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰ ͷ͹ͭ;
ͯͪ ͷ͹ͫͳͶͳ΃; Βͪͬ͸͹ ͷΔͰΔͰ ; ͼͷΒͰͻ; ; ͵͹ΒͰͷ ͽ͹ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹Β ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͸͹Β ͭͻ;ͺͳ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ ͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼΒͪͬ͸͹΃Ε;ΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸;͵ͻͳͲ͸ͳͷͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͯ͸ͪͬͳΒͰͼͽ
ͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͫͰͲͫͳΒͰͯͳͽͳͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔ;ͬ͹Β͸Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͪͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ͸ͪͯͻ;ͭ;ͯͻͱͪͬ;̸ͭͻͰͼͳΒͰ
͸ͪ ́ͻͪ͵ ̈́ͳͫͳΒ; ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒ; ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ ͸ͪ Ͱ͵ͼΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ͳ ; ͊ͳͻͳΒͳ –
ͺͻͳͷΒͰͻͳͼ;͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΁ͳͺ͹ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷͷͰͯͳΒͪͷͪ͸ͳ
ͺ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ Βͪͬ͸͹΃Ε;ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͼͶͳ͵;͵ͪ͵ͬͪΔͰͷ; ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪ ͪ͵͹ΒͪͯͪΓͰͼͶ;ͱͳͲͪͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͵ͪͽ͹ͭͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ;͹΂ͳͷͪͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵͹ͭΒͪͬ͸͹ͭͷΔͰΔͪ
͠Ͱͯ͸͹͹ͯ͵Γ;΂͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ;ͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͼͺͳ͸;ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͳͲͬΒͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͳͲ͸Ͱ͵͹ͭ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ͵
ͽͪΒͰͼͽͰͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͿͶͰ͵ͼͳͫͳͶ͸ͪͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵͹Β;;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͷͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳͷͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͺͻ͹
ͫͶͰͷ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͶͪͲͳ ͳͲ ͽͰͱΔͰ ͸͹ͬͳ͸ͪͻͪ ͵ͪ ͼͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷ; ͳ ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͬΒͰͻͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳͶͳ
ͳͲͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͳͲ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯ͸Ͱ ͵;΀ͳΔͰ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͷ͹Εͳ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ
͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͰͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͪ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͳͷͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͼͰ;͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷͯͳΒͰͶ;Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
ͷͰͯͳΒͪ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͽͻ;ͯͰ ͯͪ ͼͻ;΃Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͪ͸ ͻͰͱͳͷ
̹ͪ΃ͪͻͪ̾Ͷ̸ͼͪͯͪ;͊ͳͻͳΒͳ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ;tͺ͹ͫ;ΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪiͳͶͳt͹ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷìͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͳͺͻ͹Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ
ͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸ͳͷͰΒ͸ͼͽͻͳͷͷͰͯͳΒͳ;Β͹΃ͬͰΕ͹ΒͷͰͻͳ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͰͰ;ͿͰͷͳͲͷͰ͋ͪ͵͹͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͷͪ
ΒͰ ͺͻͰͬͪͼ΀͹ͯ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͳͼͶͪͷͼ͵Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ΃ͰͻͳΒͪͽ; ͪ ΂ͳΒͰ ͼ; ͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ
ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͪͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͼͬͳ΀͸Ͱͼ;͸ͳͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͲͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽͳ͸ͪͲͬͪ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ
͸Ͱͭ͹ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳͷͪ ͹ͺͪͼ͸ͳͷ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪ͊ͳͻͳΒ;ͳ̹Ͷͳͼ͵ͳͳͼͽ͹͵ͬͰΕͳͲͪ΂ͳͽͪͬ;΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼ; ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͳ ͺͻͳͷΒͰͻͳ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͼ͹ͬΒͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ; ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸; – ͽͪ͵ͬͰ
ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰͼ;ͫͳͶͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͫ;΂ͪͬͪ͸Ͱͳͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͲͪ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀
΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪͷ͹Εͳ͊Ͷͳ΂͸ͪΒͰͺͻͳ΂ͪͳ;́ͻͪ͵;ͳ͊ͳͻͳΒͳ ͭͯΒͰΒͰ΁ͳΓͪ͸͹ͺ͹ͽͺ͹ͷ͹ͭ͸;ͽ͹ͳ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͸͹
950
ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͽͲͬ́͊́̈́ͪ ͯͪͫͳͼͰ͹͸ͯͪ͹Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͶͪͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͪͶͳ΁ͳΒͪͺͻͰͯͬ͹ΌͰ͸̸ͪ͊̽ ͯͪͼͰ
ͫ͹ͻͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͽͪ͵ͬͰtͺ͹΃ͪͼͽͳi͈͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪͽͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ– ;͸ͳ΃ͽͳͽͳͭͪ ͯ͹͵ͲͪͼͬͰͽ͹ͬͻͳ
ΒͰͷͰ;ͼͺΒͰ΃͸͹ͺ͹ͼͶ;ΒͰͬ͹Β͸͹ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ
̓͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰΔͰͷͰ;ͿͰͷͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪͳͷͳ͸ͳͷͳͲͳͻͪΔͰͷͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͼͽͳͱͰͼͰͯͪͭͶͰͯͪ͹
΁ͳ;ͫͶͪͱͰͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͪͬͺͻͰͷͪͳͼͶͪͷͳͼͽͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰͫͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;͵ͪ͹;ͷΒͰͻͰ͸Ͱͫ͹ͻ΁ͰͲͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;
ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬtͽͳͻͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͰͱͳͷͪi͋ͳͷͰͼͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ ͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͯͳͼ
͵ͻͰͯͳͽͪ΁ͳΒͳͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪ͊ͳͻͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΔͳ΀ͫ͹ͻͰ͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͼͽ
;ͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪͬͪΔ;ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͰ͹ͭͶͰͯͪ;΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͳͯͪͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳͷͰͯͳΒͳͰͷͳͽ;Β;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭͰͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͳͼ͵Γ;
΂ͳͬ͹ͼͫ͹ͻͫͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͪͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͻͪͽ͸ͳͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳ͵͹Βͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͿ͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͬΓ;Β;
; ͸ͪΒͽͳͻͪͱ͸ͳΒͳͷ ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͳͷͪ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲ;Β; ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ ͺ͹ͫ;ΔͰ͸ͳ΂͵; ͼͽͻͪ͸; ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼ;͵͹ͫͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͰͱͻͽͬͰ͌͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͹ͫͪͬͰ΃ͽͪΒ͸ͰͼͶ;ͱͫͰ͸ͳͼ; ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΒ;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒ;͸ͪͽͰͻͰ͸; ͹ͯ
͵͹ΒͰͫͳͼͰ͸ͪͺͻͪͬͳ͹;ͺͰ΂ͪͽΓͳͬͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ ͼͽͬͪͻͼͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳͺͻͰͺ;΃ͽͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹Βͷͪ΃ͳ͸ͰͻͳΒͳ
͌͋́͏̸̸̸̻͇͈͇͎͈͉͇͈͉͇͇͉̻͇͇̺͉͇͈̾̈́́͋́͐̓́̾͆͆͊͋͌́͊͋͐͆̾̾̾͠͠͠ͅ
͉Ͱͭͳ͹͸ ͊̾̾ ͠;ͭ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ
;ͬͳΒͰ͵ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͯͪ͸ ͺ͹Ͷͳͭ͹͸ Ͳͪ
ͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪΔͰͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ͋͹ΒͰͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ͸ͪ͵͹Β͹Βͼ;ͼͰͬΒͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪͼ;͵͹ͫΓͪͬͪͶͰ ͪͶͳ
ͳ ͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪͶͰ ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͳ Ͳ͹͸Ͱ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͬΒͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͯͻ
͌ͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;
ͫ͹ͻͫͪͲͪ͹ͼͳͭ;ͻͪΔͰ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ͸ͪͯͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͲͪͶͳ΀ͪͷͪͰ͸ͰͻͭͰ͸ͪͽͪΒͰ͸ͪΒͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳΒͳͿͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ
;ͽͳ΁ͪ͹ ͸ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͰ ͽ͹͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͼΓͰͯΔͳ΀ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ ̺ͰͶͳ͵ͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͫ͹ͻͫͰ Ͳͪ
ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ;͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͻͪͲ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͪͽͰΕͳͷ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͽͻͰͼͳͷͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͷ
͵ͻͳͲͪͷͪ ͬͪͶ;ͽ͸ͳͷͳ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸ͳͷͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͼ͵͹ͷ͵ͻͳͲ͹ͷ ;ͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͳͷͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪͷͪ ͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͻͰͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪ͊̾̾͊Ͷ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͰͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͰΕͪͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ
ͻͳͲͳ΁ͳ ͹ͯ ͸͹ͬͰ ͻͰ΁ͰͼͳΒͰ ͋͹ ΒͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͳͷͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪ ͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͪΔͰ ͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ Ͳͬͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱ
͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹ ͸Ͱ;ͼͺΒͰ΃͸͹ͷ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ͺ͹ͭ;ͫ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͰͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ͊̾̾̓͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͷͪΔͳͬͪΔͰ;΂Ͱ΃Εͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰ;;͵;ͺ͸͹ͷ
̹͈̽͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͰ͵͹ͷͺͰ͸Ͳ͹ͬͪͽͳͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪ;ͼͶ;͈ͭͪ͹ͻͪͼͽ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͺ͹Γ͸͹ͽͻͭ͹
ͬͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͰͿͳ΁ͳͽͪ Ͳͪͯ;ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ;ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͶ͹΃ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͽͰΓͳͲͪ΀ͽͳΒͰ
ͬͪΒ;΀ͳͽ͸;ͳͲͻͪͯ;͵͹͸ͲͳͼͽͰ͸ͽ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͋͹ΒͰΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͺͻͪͬͳͺ;ͽͲͪͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͰ
ͳͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͰͻͪͼͽ;Εͳ΀ͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ
͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͯ͹ͭͷͪ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸;ͽͪͳ΃ͳͻͰ͸ͪ; ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͼͳͻ͹ͬ͹Β Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͳ͸ͪ
Ͱ͵ͼ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ– ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱ͹ͯͻͱͳͬͪ ͯ͹ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ; ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ̻Ͱ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒ; ͬͳͯΓͳͬͰ ͊ͽͬͪͻͪ ͼͰ ͷ;Ͷͽͳͺ͹Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ ͼͬͳΒͰͽ ͼͪ
͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪͷ͹Εͳ̽͹ͼͪͯͪ΃Δͪ͸Ͱͺͻͳ͵͹ͼ͸͹ͬͰ͸ͪ΀ͰͭͰ
ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪ ͼͰ ;ͼͶͰͯ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ ͳ ͬ͹Β͸͹ͭ Βͪ΂ͪΔͪ ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ ͳ ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γͼͽͬͪ ;ͼͶͰͯ
ͬͳ΃ͰͬΒͰ͵͹ͬ͸Ͱ ͪͻ͹ͭͪ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͪͬͪΔͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͆͹ͬͳ ͹ͫͶͳ͵
ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͼ;΂ͰΓͪͬͪΔͪ͹ͭͶͰͯͪͼͰ ;΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸͹ͷ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔ; – ͸ͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͺ͹Γ;͇ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͪͶͳͳ;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ΂ͳ͸ͳͳͭͻͪͷ͹Εͳ͵͹ΒͪͿ;͸͵
951
΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ ; ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹Β ͳ ͼ;ͺͽͳͶ͸͹Β ͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ΁ͳ ͽͻͪ͸ͼͺͪͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͵͹͸ͼͺͳͻͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ4 ͇΂ͳ
ͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ ͍͉͊͠ ͫͳ͹ ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽ Ͳͪ ΀ͳͫͻͳͯ͸͹ ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͯͰͭͻͪͯͪ΁ͳΒ; ͻͪͼͽͪ͵ͪΔͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͵͹ͻͺ;ͼͪ ;͸͹΃ͰΔͰͳ ͺ͹ͼͺΒͰ΃ͳͬͪΔͰ ͺ͹ͯΒͰͶͪ
͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒ; ͌ ͽͪ͵ͬͳͷ ͸͹ͬͳͷ ͹͵͹Ͷ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ ͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͪ ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͵ͬͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶͪ ͍͉͊͠
ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͳͯͰΒͳͫͻͪͽͼͽͬͪͳΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ΂ͳΒͰͼ;ͼͽ;ͫ͹ͬͰͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ͵ͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ
Ͷͳ ̸͆͠ ͳ ͊̓͠ ͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭͶͪ ͫͳͽͳ ͺ͹΃ͽͰΌͰ͸ͪ ͽͪͶͪͼͪ ͽ;ͻͫ;ͶͰ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; Ͳͪ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ
ͯ͹ͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͲͰͷΓͰͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͭͶͪͭͰͻͪ͊ͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒͳͼͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ99ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͵ͻͳͲͪ
ͳͻͪͽ͹ͬͳ͸ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪ΃ΔͰ͍͉͊͠͹ͯͻͪͲͳͶͳͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸ͰͫͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ
͈Ͱͻͳ͹ͯ ͯ͹ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͰ ͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ 99 ͬͳΒͰ͵ͪ ͫͳ͹ ΒͰ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸͹ͭ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͭ
͸ͰͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͰͶͳͽͪ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰͳ͉;ͼͳΒͰ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͪ ͸ͪ΃ͪͬ΃ͳͼͰ;ͽͰ΃͵ͳͷ
;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͻͪͽͪͳͼͪ͸͵΁ͳΒͪ ͽͻͪͱͳͶͪΒͰͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͲͪͬͻͳΒͰͷͰͺͻͰͯͼΒͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ͠ͰΓ΁ͳ͸ͪ
ͭͶͰͯͪͶͪ͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͳͼͽͳͯΓͳͬ͹ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪͶͪͯͪͳͲͭͻͪͯͳ͸͹ͬ;ͼͺ͹Γ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵; ͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͳͯͪͺ͹ͼ
ͽͪ͸Ͱ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ΂Ͷͪ͸ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ; ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳ ͳ
ͼͬͳΒͰͽ;͉;ͼͳΒͪΒͰͽͪͯͪͫͳͶͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ͸Ͱͷ͹Ε͸ͪ ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͶͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͰͲͰͷ
ΓͰͲͪͶͪ͵΃;ͳͷͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͼͺ͹Γ͸ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰͬͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;5
̸̸̸̸̸̸͉͉̀̓͌͐͆̀͋͢͡ͅ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ;ͻΒͰ΂ͪ͸ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ ΒͰͻͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͶͳ΁Ͱͳ͸ͪͶͳ΂
ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ;ͻΒͰ΂͸Ͱ΁ͳΓͰͬͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ΂ͳΒͰ͹ͫΒͪ΃ΔͰΔͰͲͪ΀ͽͳΒͰͬͪͷ;Ͷͽͳͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸ͪͻͪ͸ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ
͈͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵͸͹ͬ͹ͭͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪ͹ͫͳΓͰͱͰ͸ΒͰͫ;ͻ͸ͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͯͰ΃ͪͬͪΔͳͷ̻ͪͰ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪΒͰͳͼͽ͹
ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͳͼͬͻ΀ͪͳͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͷ͹ΕͼͰ͹ͯͺͪͷͽͳͬΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ
Ͷͪͻͪͯͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀΁ͳΓͰ̻ͬͪͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;
99*ͬͳΒͰ͵;;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͷͰΒͰͭͰ͸Ͱͻͳͼͪ͸͹ͺͻͰͯͷͰͽ͸͹ͷͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷ͹ͷͷ͹ΕͳͷͰͯͳΒͪͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻ͹ͷͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺ
͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͿͰ͸͹ͷͰ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͻ͹ͲͪͷͫͶͰͷͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳΒͰͷ͹Εͳ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͪͳ͸͹ͬ͹;ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͵ͪ͹ͷ͹͸Ͱͽͪ
͵͹͸Ͳ;ͷͰͻͳͲͷͪ ͼΒͰͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͵ͻͳͲͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͻͳΒͰ΂ΒͰ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹
͹͵ͻͳͲͳͼͷͳͼͶͪͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͰ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͳͲͷͳͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΂ͰͶͪ ͅͰͯͳΒͳͼ;
ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹Β ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳͷͪ
͈͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͽͬͻͯͰ ͯͪΒͰ;ͼͶͰͯ͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͹͵;ͺͳͻͪ͹
ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵ͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͷͳͶͰ͸ͳΒ;ͷͪͯͪͺͻͳͲ͹ͬͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪͼͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͪͰͭͲͳͼ
ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͲͪͽͰ͵Ͷͪ ; ͸ͰͺͻͰ͵ͳͯ͸͹Β ΃ͳͲ͹ͿͻͰ͸͹Β ͼͪͯͪ΃Δ͹ͼͽͳ ̽Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀
͸͹ͻͷͳͳͬͻͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͪͶͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͺͻͳͷΒͰͻΒͰͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͷͰͯͳ
Βͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͊;ͷͪͻ͸͹ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͷͰͯͳΒͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ͹͸ͯͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪ
ͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪͻ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΃;͵ͻͳͲ;ͼͷͳͼͶͪ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͸ͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷͪ͸ͯͪͽͳͻͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹΁ͳͬͳͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͽͻͰͫͪͳͼͽͪΕͳͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ
4
̺ͳ΃Ͱ;͚;ͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ

͇ ͹ͬ͹Β ͽͰͷͳ ͬͳͯΒͰͽͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ ̻;ͼ͵͹ͬͪ ͊ͺ͹Γ͸ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ ͳͼͺͳͽͳͬͪΔͰ.
̽͹ͼͽ;ͺ͸͹͸ͪXXXHVTLPWBSV ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹: 12. 9. 2017.
952
ͯ͹͵ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷͼͽͪͻͪͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͳͽͰͱΔͪ͵ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Βͷ͹Εͳͳͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷ;͸ͪͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͬͶͪ
ͯͪͬͳ͸͹ͷͳͼ;ͺͻͰͷͪͽͳΒ͹ͷ͸ͪͺ͹Γ;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͷͰͯͳΒ̻ͪͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͷΒͰ͸Ͱ
͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ;ͫͻͲͪ͸͹ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ; ͸ͰͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͳͬ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͸ͪ
ͺ͹Γ;͸͹ͬͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͰͺͻͰͻͪͼͺ͹ͯΒͰͶͰ ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͭͻ;ͺͪ΁ͳΒͪͲͰͷͪΓͪ͸ͰͲͪͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸ͳ΀ͬͳ΃ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ
͹ͼͳ͹͸͹ͷ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͪ ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͸ͪ ͺ͹Γ; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͭͯΒͰ ͯ͹Ͷͪͻ ͺ͹Ͷͪ͵͹ ͭ;ͫͳ ͺͻͳͷͪͽ
ͻͰͲͰͻͬ͸ͰͼͬΒͰͽͼ͵ͰͬͪͶ;ͽͰ ΒͰͻͼͰͬ͹ͯͰΕͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ;;ͼͺ͹͸;;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͳͷͪͷͰΌ;ͯͻͱͪͬ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
͹͵ͻͰΕ;ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷͬͪͶ;ͽͪͷͪ ͳͶͳͺͶͪΕͪΔ;ͻ͹ͫͰ ͳ;ͼͶ;ͭͪ;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳͷͬͪͶ;ͽͪͷͪ
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
̹ͪͫͳΕ ̹

̻Ͱ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ– ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪ;͵ͪͅͰͭͪͻͰ͸ͯͻͰͬͳΒͪ ͬ͹Ͷ
–54.
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪͭͰ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪ͊ͻͰͷͼ͵ͳ̓ͪͻͶ͹ͬ΁ͳ̓ͪͳͻ͹ͼ
̽ͻͪ΃͵͹ͬͳΕ ̺
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;͹ͭͶͰͯͪͶ;ͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͵ͻͳͲͰͳͷͰͯͳΒ͈ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ̾̈́́͋
͚;ͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͅ
͋ͪΒ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͳͯ͹ͻͳͷ͹Εͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͏Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͲͪͳͲ;΂ͪͬͪΔͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ
ͪͅ΃ͳͻͰͬͳΕ ͡
ͅͰͯͳΒͳͳͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͬ͹Ͷ ͫͻ
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͊;͵͹ͫ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͈ͪ͹ͯͭ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ͏́̽
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̾;ͻ͹ͪͽͶͪ͸ͽͳͲͪͷ̀ͪͭͻͰ͈ͫ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
͑ͺ͹ͻͰͻ ̿
,͹͸΁Ͱͺͽͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ̽ͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ΂ͪͼ͹ͺͳͼͲͪ
͹ͺΕͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͬ͹Ͷ ͫͻ– –
ͪͺͻͳͶ
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954

̸̺͇͎͈ͣ̾͊͑ͣ̾͊̓́͢͠1
̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ͈͹Γͼ͵Ͱͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳΒͰ͸ͪ;͵ͪ
͇ͯͰΓͰΔͰ;͈͹Ͳ͸ͪΔ; ͈͹Γͼ͵ͪ
̸̸̸̸̸͉͈͉͈͉͇̹͊͊̓̓͌̈́͋͌͆͊͌͋̈́͆͊̓̾
͉͉̻͇͈͇͇̺̓͌̈́͋͌̾͌̽͌̈́́͆́͠9*9
̸͈͇́͆͐̾͋̓͌99̸̺̾̓
̸͉͋̽́͏́̾͠ ͇̺́͋́ͅ ̸͇̹́͐́͠
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓: ͋Ͱ͵ͼͽ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͹ͼͬͻͽ ͸ͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ;
͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;͊ͻͫͳͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪͶͳ;͵Γ;΂͸͹ͷͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵; ͪͽ͹ͼ;Ͳͪ΁Ͱ͹
̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͫͳͶͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲ;Β;9*9ͳ99ͬͰ͵
̀ͪ͊ͻͫͰ;ͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼͬͰͬͰΕͰͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͰ ͼͽͻͰͷΓͰΔͪͲͪͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͷΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ
;ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸͹Β͊ͽͪͻ͹Β͊ͻͫͳΒͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪ͹͵;ͺͳͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͽ͹ͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͋;ͻͼ͵ͰͬͰ͵͹ͬͳͷͪ͆ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͭͯͰΒͰ΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹͆ͰͷͪΔͳΕͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͼͳͶͪ
΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ;
ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͬͳͼ͹͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ΃ͳͻͰΕͳͼͰͺͻͰͷͪ΁ͰͶ͹ͷ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸;
ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͼͽͪΔͰͺͻ͹΁ͬͪͽͪ ͫͳͶͳͼ;͹ͯͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͌ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͊ͻͫͳ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͷͳͽ͹ͷ ;͵Γ;΂;Β;Εͳͺͻ͹ͻ͹΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΔͪ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ͳ΂ͳ͸ͰΕͳͼͻͺͼ͵;tͼͬͰͽ;ͲͰͷΓ;i ͪͽ͹ΒͰ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷͽͲͬ͊ͽͪͻͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
ΔͰ͸ͳͷͼͪͼͽͪͬ
͸ͳͷͯͰͶ͹ͷ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹ͼ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͶͳ΀Ͱͻ͹Βͼ͵Ͱͷ͹ͯͰͶͰͼ͸ͪͭͰͳ΀ͻͪͫͻ͹ͼͽͳ ΁ͪͻ͊ͽͰͿͪ͸̽;΃ͪ͸
͵ͪ͹ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬ;
ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͽ ͊ͪͬͪͳ̈́ͪͲͪͻ
͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳ΀ͼͽͳͷ;ͶͳͼͪͶͳͯͪͼͰͫ͹ͻͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͼͬͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀͸Ͱͺͻͳ
Ͷͳ͵ͪ͊;΃ͽͳ͸ͪͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹͊ͻͫͳ͸;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͷͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͼͽͻͪ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;
ͭͯͰΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͲͬͪ͸ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͭ͵ͻͪΓͰͬͼͽͬͪ– ͬͶͪͯͪͶͪ͸ͰͺͻͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͯͳ͸ͪͼͽͳΒ͹ͷ͇ͫͻͰ͸͹ͬͳΕͪͳ
̓ͪͻͪΌ͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕͪ– ͫͳͶͪΒͰͳͺ͹͵ͪͲͪͶͪͼͰ;͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͳͲͻͪͱͰ
͸ͳ΀;͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ;͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͪͼͺͰ͵ͽͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰͺ͹ͯ͹ͽ͹ͷͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͷͬͶͪ΃Ε;
͵ͪ͹ͳ;͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔ;͸Ͱͻͪͼ͵ͳͯͳͬͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͼ͈ͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ΁ͻ͵ͬ͹ͷ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ;ͼͰͯͪ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͪͼͬ͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ9*9ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͰͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽͳ
͸ͳͼ;ͭͪͲͪͼ͸͹ͬͪͶͳ͸ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͳͼ͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ͹ͯͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ͬͰΕͼ;ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͬ͹ΒͰͽͰͷͰΓͰΒͰͲͳ
΂͵;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͳͬͰͻ; ͼͺ͹Ͳͳͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͯͻͰͬ͸ͪͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ́Ͷͳͻͪ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͽ͵Ͱ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͷ͸͹ͭ͹
1
XPZUBTRV@o2.pl
955
ͺͻͰ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪͅͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͰͽ͸͹ͭͰ͸ͰͲͰ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ;Ͷ͹ͭ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͪΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͳͳͲͭͻͪͯ
ΔͰͺͪ͸ͽͰ͹͸ͪ΀Ͱͻ͹Βͪ;͹ͫͶͳ͵;ͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳ΀ ͹ͫͳ΂͸͹ͽͻͳΒ;ͷͿͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬ͹Όͪ ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;ͯͬ͹Βͳ΁ͪ 4LBOEFS
CFH -FL΋%VLBHKJOJ
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͫͳͶͪͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͪ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ͳͷͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͯ͹ͬͰͶͪΒͰͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯͪ
ͼͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷ͸Ͱ;͵Ͷͪͺͪ;ͼͳͼͽͰͷͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͯͻ;ͭͪ
΂ͳΒͰͭͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͽͪ΂͵ͪͷͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪΕͳͳ͵͹̸ͯͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ͵͹ͯ ͼͻͺ
ͼ͵ͳ΀Β;ͱ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ;ͼͰͯͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ
͇ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪ͊ͻͫͳͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͫͶͳͼ͵ͳ
ΒͰͯ͸ͳͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ;ͺͻͰͼ;ͯ͸͹ͷͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;Ͳͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ
ͽ͹͵͹ͷ9*9ͳ99ͬͰ͵ͪ͆ͳΒͰͯ͹ͽ͹ͭͪͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪͪ͸ͳͷͳͻͪΔͪ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͳ΀ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳ΀ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͊ͻͫͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ
̓͌͐͆̾͡ ͉̾͐́: ͊ͻͫͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͳ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳ ͯͻ;ͭͪ
ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͪ9*9ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵99ͬͰ͵ͪ
͆Ͱͺ͹ͯͶͰͱͰͼ;ͷΔͳͯͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶͰ;
ͯ͹ͯͳͻ͵͹ΒͳͳͷΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͶ͹ͬͰΕͼͪͷ͹ͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͼ͵͹ͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬ͹ ͹ͼͳͷͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳ΀ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͽͪ΂ͪ͵ͪ
͵͹ΒͰͼͪͷͳ͊ͻͫͳͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͻͰͽ͵͹ͳͼͽͳ΂; ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͲͪͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼͰͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;͵ͪ͹
;ͯͪΓͰ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͹ͯͯͻ;ͭͰ̀ͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͰͽ͹ͭͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ΒͰͲͪ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰͼͽͪͬͪͺͻͰͷͪͿ;͸
ͯͪͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͪͳ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ2 ͷͪ͵ͪͻ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪͬͪΔͰͷͳͽ͹ͬͪ;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸ͳ΀;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ΒͳͪͶͫͪ͸
ͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳ ͵ͪ͹ͳͼ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͺͪͱΔͰ͸ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ͵;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ
̸͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͼͺͻͰͶͪͲͪ9*9;99ͬͽͻͰͫͪ;͵ͪͲͪͽͳ͸ͪͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸;
͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼͽͳͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀͊ͻͫͪ͐ͳ͸ͳ͹Β;ΒͰͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ΂ͪ͸΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ
ͼ͵ͳ ͷ͹ͯͰͶ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͻͰͯΔͰͭ ͬͰ͵ͪ ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͼͰ ; ΔͰͷ; ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪͺͳͼͪͶͪ ͠͹ͪ͸ͪ ͉ͪͺͪ΁͵ͪ Joanna
3BQBDLB ͼͽͻ
t<>͸ͪͶͪͲͰͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͯͬͪ;ͫͰΌͰΔͪͬͪͱ͸ͪͲͪ͊ͻͫͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ͸ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ͹
͸Ͱͻͪͼ͵ͳͯͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͰͳͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹΀ͪͻͳͲͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͯͻͱͪͬͰi ;ͺͳLis
ͼͽͻ–
̓;ͶͽͳͬͳͼͪΔͰͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͰͬͰͻͰ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪ͸͹ͼͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰͷtͼͬͰͽͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰi
ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶ͹ΒͰ ͪ͵ͼͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͹Ͷͪ͵΃ͪͬͪͶͪ͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ
ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬͪ ͪͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ΒͰͳͺͪ͵ͬͻ΃ͳͶͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͰͽ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͺͻ͹΃ͳͻͳ
ͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪTBDSVN͆ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;9*9ͬ;ΔͰ͸͹ͷ͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͼͰ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͪͼͪͷ͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͷΔͰ͸ͳ΀͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͳ΀ͬͶͪͯͪͻͪ ͼͬͰͽͪͶ͹Ͳͪ͆ͰͷͪΔͳΕͪ
ͬͰΕͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳ
΁ͰͶͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸͹ͱͳͬͰͶͪ 3BQBDLB -JT ͼͽͻ–
̀ͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;
Εͳͽ͹ͷͰ ;ͫͰΌͰΔͰ ͹ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ –tIFPGPSB ͫ͹ͭ͹͸͹ͼ΁ͪ
͵͹ΒͰΒͰ ͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪͶ͹
ͼͻͺͼ͵;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͼͬͰͼͽ -JT ͼͽͻ
ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ;͵͹ͻͰͶͪ΁ͳΒͳͼͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵͹ͷͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹ͷ;
2
͈͹ͯ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ;͹ͬ͹ͷͽͰ͵ͼͽ;ͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷ͹ͯͰͺ͹Ͳͳͽͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;
͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͺͻͰ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͼͺ͹͵͹ͶͰΔͪ͸ͪͺ͹͵͹ͶͰΔͰͳ͵͹Βͳ͹͸ͪͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸͹ͬͪͱͪ͸͸ͪͽͶ;΁ͰͶ͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪ ΂ͳ͸ͰΕͳ;ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ;;͵͹Β͹Βͼ;;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ̺ͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͳ΃;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ;ͺͰͻͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸͹͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͼͬͰͼͽͳ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁; ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ ͸ͪ Δͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͳͳͬͪ ͼͪͷͳͷ ͽͳͷ ͼͰ ͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸Ͱ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪͽͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱͳ ΔͰ͸͹ͭͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ͸͹ͬͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ

̸̺͇͎͈ͣ̾͊͑ͣ̾͊̓́͢͠: ͊ͻͺͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ9*9...
ͺͪͻ͹Ͷͳtͼͬͪ͵ͳ͊ͻͫͳ͸ΒͰΒ;͸ͪ͵i ͽͪ΂͸͹͸ͪͲͬͪ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͫ;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹ͭͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂ͪͻͪ̓ͻͪͼͽΒͪͪͅ͸΂Ͱ
ͬͪtͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷͪ;ͽ͹ͺ͹ͻͽͻͰͽ͹ͷi ͪͅ͸΂Ͱͬ ͼͽͻ

͈͹ͻͰͯ͏ͻ͵ͬͰ ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ;ͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͬͻͰͷͰ
ͫͳͽͪ͸ͼͳͼͽͰͷ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;Ͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͲͪ͊ͻͫͰΒͰͫͳͶͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͌Δ͹ΒΒͰͰ͵ͼͺ͹
͸ͳͻͪ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹Ͳͪ;ͲͰͶͪͰͺͼ͵ͪͺͰͼͷͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͪ͸ͪͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͯͻͱͪͬͰ͏ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͰ
ͯͪΔͰ ͽͰͼ͸͹ ͼ; ͫͳͶͳ ͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳ ͹ͫͻͪͲ;Β;Εͳ ͵͹ͯ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͪͯͻͰͼͪͽͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪ͸ ͺ͹ͫ͹ͱͪ͸
͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸; ͬͰͲ; ͼͪ ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹Ϳ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ͸͹ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳ΂͸ͳͷ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ
ͷͳͽ͹ͷ 3BQBDLB

̀ͪͯͪͽͪ͵͹ͯͻͰΌͳͬͪΔͪͽͰͷͰΓͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͼͶ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͺͰ΁ͳͿͳ
΂͸Ͱ΁ͻͽͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͽͰͱͳ tͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͼͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹΁ͰͶ;
ͭͻ;ͺ;ͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷͳ΂ͪ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͯͪ͸;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ; ͫͰͲͷ͹ͭ;
Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵;i– (PFNCTLJ ͼͽͻ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
ͯ͹ͯ;΃Ͱ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͼͽͪͻ͹ΒͰͲͭͻ͹ ͪͶͳͯͪͶͳͼͰͷ͹ͱͰΒͰͯ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͪͽͳͬ͸͹;ͽͬͻͯͳͽͳ
ͯͪͶͳ;ͳͼͽͳ͸;ͫͪ΃͹͸͹ͳͶͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͲͪͼͶ;ͱ;ΒͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΔͰͲͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ;΁ͰͶ͹͵;ͺ
͸͹ͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͼͶͰΌ;͵͹ΒͰͼ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪͶͳ;ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵;͹ͽͺ͹΂ͳΔͪΔͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹
͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͪ ͪͶͫ3JMJOEKB,PNCÌUBSF
̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;͸ͪͼͽͪΔͳͬͪͶͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒ;͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͹ͯ9*ͬ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͪ͵ͪ͵͹;͹ͻͫͳͽͳ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͭ ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ Ͳͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͭ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͸Ͱ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͬ΃ͳ ͼͬͰ ͯ͹ ͭ͹ͯ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;
ͯͻͱͪͬ;͵͹Βͪͫͳͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪͶͪ ͸ͪͻͪͲ͸ͳͷͰͽͪͺͪͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͼ;Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪͶͪ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;
͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͷ;ͶͽͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪͷͪ ; ͬͳͲͪ͸ͽͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷ ͷͶͰͽͪ΂͵͹ͷ ͸ͪͺ;Γͼ͵͹ͷ ͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͷ ͭͻ΂͵͹ͷ ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷͳͫ;ͭͪͻͼ͵͹ͷ
͋͹ΒͰͳͷͪͶ͹Ͳ͸ͪ
ͽͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͱͳͬΓ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;Εͳͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪ
ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱͪ͸͹͸͹ͷͰ͸ͪ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸;ͯͻͱͪ
ͬ;͆ͰͷͪΔͳΕͪͺ͹ͲͳͬͪͶͳ͊ͻͫͳ ͷ͹ͭͶͳͼ;ͯͪͳͷͪΒ;ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͼͺ͹͵ͪͲͳͬͪΔͰͷͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͭΒͰͯ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͬͰͼ͸͹ͭ
ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͫͳͽ͹͵͹ͷ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͳͶͪͯͰͬͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͷͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯ;΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ͹ͽͳͬͺͻͰͯͪΔͪ͸ͪͽͰͷ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ
͍͹ͻͷͳͻͪΔͰͼͬ͹ΒͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͬͳͼ͹͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͽ͹͵͹ͷ΁ͰͶͳ΀ͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ– ͯ͹͵ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;͵ͻͰͳͻͪͶͳ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͯͳΒͪͼͺ͹ͻͰͳͪ͸ͳͷͪͽ͹ͻͳ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͯͰͶ͹ͺͻͰ͸͹ͼͳͶͳ͸ͪͫͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͽͶ͹– ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰ͹ͽͰͱͪ͸͹Ͳͫ͹ͭͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͻͪͲͷͳͷ͹ͳͶͪͱͰΔͪ̀͸ͪͽͪ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ
ͼ; ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪͶͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪ
ΔͰͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͼͪͷͪ ͺͻ͹͸ͳ΁ͪΔͰ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͳͽͪͶͳΒͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͭͻ΂͵͹ͭͳ
ͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͭ– $[FLBMTLJ )V[JǝTLJ -FǧOZ ͼͽͻ
̓;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯͪ͸Ͳͪͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͻͰΌͳ
ͬͪΔͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͽͻͪͱͳͽͳ– ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͰ͸Ͱͭ͹͵͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪ ͬͪ͸ͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͬͰ͵ͪ ;ͲͳͲ;ͲͳͷͪΔͰ
ͶͰͭͰ͸ͯͰ͚͹ͻΌͪ̓ͪͼͽͻͳ͹ͽͰ͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭͪ<–>͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͪΒ͹΃Ͳͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪͽ͹ͭ͵ͪͼ͸͹
ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭΒ;͸ͪ͵ͪͳͯͰ͹ΒͰͺͻͪͬ͸Ͱ͹ͼͽͪͬ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͹͵͹Β͹ΒΕͰΒ͹΃ͫͳͽͳͻͰ΂ͳ;ͬͰͲͳͼͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ
͵͹ͷͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͷͲͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ
͈ͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͽͰͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͰͲͪͼ͹ͫ͹ͷͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽ
ͻͪΔͰ͵ͪ͹͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪ͸Ͱ;9*9ͳ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;99ͬ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪ
ΒͰͲͳ͵͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ΒͰͲͭͻ͹ ͯͰ͹͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳ͸ͪͺͶͪͽͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͸͹͸͹ͬ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͪ
957
ͺ͹ͬͰͼͽ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳ΀ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͪ΃ͪͶ;͵ͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͻͪͼͺ͹ͶͪͭͪͶͳͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͷ͸ͰͲͪ
ͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͯ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ

̽͹͵ͼ;͸ͪ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰ;9*9ͬͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͭͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ;ͽͳ΁ͪͶͰ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ
͵ͪ͹ͳͼͰΕͪΔͰͳͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫΓͳͬͪΔͰͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳΒͪ͸ͪͯͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳͷͪ͆ͰͷͪΔͳΕͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳtͲͶͪͽ͸ͳͬͰ͵i ;
͵͹ͷͰͼͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͬͳͼ͹͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪͶͪ͸ͪͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸– Ͳͻͪ΂ͰΕͳ͸ͪͼ͵͹ͻ͹΂ͳͽ̹ͪͬͪͶ
͵ͪ͸
– ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪΒͰ;ͷͪͶ͹ͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳͻͪͶͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Εͳ͸ͪͻ͹
ͯ͸ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͺ͹͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͼͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ– ͯ͹ͼͽͪͺ͹ͬͻ΃͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͺ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳ
ͬͪ΂ͪͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃ͰͬͰΕͳ͸;͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹ΒͳͱͳͬͰ;ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺͻͰͯͰͶͳͷͪ
ͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͰΕͳͼͰ
;͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͼͶͪͷͪ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͶͳͼ;ͫͻ͹Β͸ͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ͵͹Βͳͳ΀ͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β;͹ͯ
͊ͻͫͪ ͋;ͻͪ͵ͪͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹ΒͳͼΔͳͷͪͼ;ͼͰͯ;Β; 3PTPDIBDLJ ͫͯͳͲͯ ͼͽͻ
͋ͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳ
ͼ;ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ͸Ͱ͵ͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸Ͱ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ; ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳ΀ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶͪ
͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ΔͰͭͪͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻͳͷͰΔͳͬͪͶͳ͏ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻ΁ͳͳͶͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͪͼͶͳ΂
͸͹ͼͽͼͪͲͪͺͳͼͳͷͪͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͷͳͲͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ̽;΃ͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͲͪ͵͹͸ͳ͵ͪ
͹ͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶͪ͸ΒͰͲͳ͵3 ͫ͹ͭͪͽͿ͹Ͷ͵Ͷ͹ͻ
ͽ;ΒͰͬͻͰͯ͸ͪͳͼͽͳ΁ͪΔͪ;Ͷ͹ͭͪͰͺͳ͵Ͱ4

͈ͻͰͯͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͪ ͻͪ΃ͽͻ͵ͪ͸ͳ ͺ͹ ͻͪͲ͸ͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͳ
ͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͳͼͪ͸ͳͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷͳͷͺ;Ͷͼͳͷͪ ΁ͻͺͶͳͼ;ͳͲͼͬͳ΀ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯ͸͹͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀ͰͶͰ
ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹͌ͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓ;͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͰͼͰ ͳͺͪ͵ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͶͪͺ͹ͽͻͪͱΔͪt͸Ͱ͵ͪ͵ͬͰi͸ͪͯͻͰΌͰ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷ
ͽ;ͻ͸ͰͳͯͰΒͰͳΒͪͼ͸͹ͭͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ͋ͪͳͯͰΒͪΒͰͿ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳͼͪ͸ͪͫͪͲͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͼͰ͸ͪ;ͫͰΌͰΔ;͹ͪ͸ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳ
3
̓ͪͯͪΒͰ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ9*9 ͬ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹;ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Βͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔ͹Β΂Ͱͽͬͻͽͳ
ͳ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;͸ͪͻͰͯ͸͹ͭͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ;΃Ͷͪ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͽͰͷͰΓ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͶ͹ͷͪ ͹͸ΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ͸Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͳͷͪͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΀
ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΁ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ΒͪͬͳͷͰΌ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͰͶͳͽͪͷͪͳ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ͹Ͳͫͳ
Γ͸ͳΒͰͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳΒͰ͸ͪͯ͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹΃Ε;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ;ͼͶͰͯͺͻͰͯ;ͲͳͷͪΔͪ͹ͯ
ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͼͽͪͻͪΔͪ Ͳͪ ͵͹ͯͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ; ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͳ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔͰ Ͳͪ ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͺͳͼͷͪ ͪ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͪ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͯΔͰͭͪΒͰͲͳ͵ͪͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ͸ͪͽͳͷͽͰͻͰ͸ͳͷͪ͹ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ͸ͪ͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;
ͱͳͬͰͶͰ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͷͪͼͰ ͊ͽͪͻͪΔͪ ; ͽ͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ΁; ͼ; ͳ͸ͽͰ͸ͲͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͷ ͯͰͶͪͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ̓͹ͷͳͼͳΒͰ Ͳͪ
ͺͳͽͪΔͰͺͳͼͷͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ͭ͹ͯ͸ͪͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͪͽͳͬ;͊ͪͷͳΒ͍ͪͻͪ΃ͰͻͳΒͪ͵ͪ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸͈ͻͳͲͻͰ͸ͼ͵ͰͶͳͭͰ
͆ͪͻͰͯ͸ͳͬͪͱ͸ͳ͵͹ͻͪ΁ͳͼ; ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͫͳͶͳͼͽͪͻͪΔͰ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸͹ͺ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͳͲͻͪͯͰͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ
ͪͶͿͪͫͰͽͪ ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰ͹ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͪͪ͠͸ͳͷ̺ͻͰͽ͹ͷ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͫ;͵ͬͪͻͪ ͵͹͸ͭͻͰͼͳ;̹ͳͽ͹Γ;
ͳ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰͯͳͼ͵;ͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͪͶͿͪͫͰͽ;
͵͹Βͳͼ;ͪ͸ͭͪͱ͹ͬͪͶͳͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͰ ͳ ͸ͪ ͵ͻͪΒ; – ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͶ;͵Ͱ ͺ͹ ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͯ͹͸͹΃Ͱ͸Ͱ ;
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹Β ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͯͻͱͪͬͳ ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ
͇ͯ;΃ͰͬΓͰΔͰ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ
͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸ͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬͪ ͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳ΀ ͪ͸ͳͷͪͽ͹ͻͪ ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͰ ͆ͪΒΒͪ΂Ͱ ΒͰ ͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ ͯ͹ ͳͲͻͪͱͪΒͪ ; ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΃ͽͬ;
͆ͪͳͷ͍ͪͻͪ΃ͰͻͳΒͪ –
͌ͺͰͼͷͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳΒͰͲͳ͵t(KVIBTIRJQFi ͹ͺͰͬͪ͹ΒͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͵ͪ͹ͷͪͽͰͻΔͳ
ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͳ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭͪ ͳ ͪͺͰͶ͹ͬͪ͹ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͲͰͷΓͪ͵Ͱ t;ͬͰ͵ ͺͻͳ΂ͪΒͽͰ ͸ͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷi TIRJQUÌGMJTOJ
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͆ͪͽͰͷ;͹ͬͯͰͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪͬͳͯͰͽͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺ;ͫͶͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ4%FNJSBK ,1SJGUJ

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4
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ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͳ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β Ͱͺͳ΁ͳ ͬͻͰͯͳ ͳͼͽͪΕͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬ; ;Ͷ͹ͭ; ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͪ ͳ ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
ͼͬͰͼͽͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁͈ͪ͹ͼͰͫͪ͸ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹Β ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͶͪ ͼ; ͯͰͶͪ ͵͹Βͪ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳ΃; Β;͸ͪ΂͵Ͱ
ͷ͹ͽͳͬͰ NPUJJNBEI
͵͹Βͪͼ;ͼͽͬ͹ͻͳͶͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͳͼͪͶͳ͹͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭ;͋;ͽͻͰͫͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͸ͪͭͶͪͼͳͽͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͯͰͶ͹ ͆ͪͳͷͪ ͍ͻͪ΃ͰͻͳΒͪ ͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬΓͰ͸͹ *TUPSJͰ 4LFOEFSCFVU ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸͹ ; ̹;͵;ͻͰ΃ͽ; ̓ͪ͹
ͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͸ ͼͪ͵;ͺΓͪ΂ ͺͰͼͪͷͪ ͹ ͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭ; ͺͻ͹ͼͶͪͬͳ͹ ͼͰ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͸ ͳͽͪͶ͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΁ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯͪ
͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͳ͠Ͱͻ͹͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰ͉ͪͯͪ –
̺ͳͯͰͽͳ3&MTJF ͼͽͻ¢
;. /F[JSJ ͼͽͻ

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͹ͫͲͳͻͪ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ;ͬͰͻͼ͵;ͺͻͳͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹͸ͽͪͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͳͽͪͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͵͹ͻͰΔͪͼͶ͹Ͳͳ͸͵͹ͷ͈ͪ΃
͵͹ ̺ͪͼͰ tͪͶͫͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ΒͰ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪi
̽͹ ͻͪ͸ͭͪ ͺͻͬ͹ͺͶͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͳ
ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͳ ͵ͻͪΒͰͬͪ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͱͳͬͰ ͳͲͻͪͼͶͪ ΒͰ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ͭ
ͬ͹ΌͰ͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͲͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ ͯ͹ͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͪͻͪͯ͹ͬͪͳͽͪͶ͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺͻͰ͵;ͻͼ͹ͻͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳ΀͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭ; ͳͲͪͲͳͬͪͶͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͰ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ
ͬͪ͸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͼͻͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͆ͪͷ;Ͷͽͳ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͽͶ;͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭ͹ͬͶͳ͵ΒͰ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ ;Ͳ ͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰ ΒͰͯ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭ ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽͪ ͆ͪͳͷͰ ͯ͹ ͻ͹ΌͰΔͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵͹Βͳͫͳͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲ;ͷͷ͹ͭͶ͹ΒͰͯ͹Εͳͼͪͷ͹;ͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ;͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͪ
ͬͪΔͪͳͺͻͰͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔͪͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ
͇ͬͯͰ ͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͳͷͪ͸ͪ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ͵ͪ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪ 7 ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ ͸ͳ΃ͽͪ ͷͪΔͳ Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͹ͯ
ͺͳͽͪΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͅͳͽ͹ͬͳͳͭͻͪΒ;͵Γ;΂͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͻͪͲͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͪͬͪΔ;
ΒͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͹ͯ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͰΕͳ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪΔ; ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ ͯͪͽͰ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ
,PMTU ͼͽͻ
͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͷͰΌ;ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵;Β; ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͳͽͳͷͰ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
̻Ͱ͹ͻͭ ͑ͰͺͿͶͳ͸ ͸ͪͲͬͪ͹ tͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ͷ ͭ;ͼͽͳ͸Ͱ ͳ ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵;Ͷͽͳͬͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪi ,PMTU
ͼͽͻ–
ͅͳͽ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͼͽͪΒ;;͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ΒͼͬͰͼͽͳ͸ͪͽͻͪΒͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͼͰ;͵ͶͪͺͪΒ;;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ
ͯͪͽͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͌ͽͳ΂;͹͸ͳ͸ͪͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱͭͻ;ͺͰ ͪ;ͽ͹ͷͰͳ
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͪͬͪͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀;͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͽͳͷͪͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷ͇ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͷͳͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͪͯͻ
ͱͪΒͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͰ;ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳͳ;ͷͰͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͳͬͪΔͰ͵;Ͷͽ͹ͷͶͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳͯ͹ͭͪ
ΌͪΒͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͶͰ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳͼͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͳͶͳ ͸ͪΒͲͪͯ ͺ͹ͼͰͲͪΔͰͲͪΔͳͷͪͲͫ͹ͭ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͰ ͵ͻͰͳͻͪͼͽͪΔͰͼͪͷ͹Ͳ͸ͪΔͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͪͼͪͷͳͷͽͳͷ ͫͪͻͰͷͯ͹ͳͲͬͰ
ͼ͸͹ͭͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌ;ΒͰͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͯͪͽͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͳΔͰ͸Ͱ͵͹ͰͭͲͳͼͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͰͼͯͻ;ͭͳͷ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͷͪ
5
͠Ͱͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͺͻͰ͵;ͻͼ͹ͻͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͪ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽͪ͸ ͳͽͪͶ͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪͶͪ΁ ̸ͻͫͰͻͰ΃ ͳͲ ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱ
̓͹ͼͰ͸΁Ͱ
̺ͳ͸΂Ͱ͸΁͹̽͹ͻͼͪ –
ͽͪ΂͸͹ͼͰ;͉ͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪͳͻͪͲͷͳ΃Γͪ͸ͳͷͪ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ /FBQPM

͹ͼͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ;ͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹͵ͪ͹͹ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸͹ͷͳͻͪͼͰΒͪ͸͹ͷ ͪͶͳͳͺͪ͵ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ OB[JPOFEJWJTBeEJTQFSTBNBVOB

̺ͳͯͰͽͳ: Wassa &GGFOEJ ͼͽͻ
͈ͪͻͪͶͰͶ͸͹ͼͪͳͯͰΒ͹ͷͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰ͸ͪͯͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͭΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽ̸ͬͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ
͵͹Β; ΒͰ ͳͲ͸Ͱ͹ ͈ͪ΃͵͹ ̺ͪͼͪ ͫͳͶͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪ͸ͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ ͆ͪͳͷͪ ͍ͻͪ΃ͰͻͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͪ
ͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͲͪͷ ͵ͪ͹ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͵͹Βͳ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ;ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ͊ͬͰͯ͹΂ͳ ͽ͹ ͯͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ
ͰͶͳͽͪ
ͺ͹;Ͳ͹ͻ;͸ͪͯͻ;ͭͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͹ͯͫͪ΁ͳͶͳͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪͬͰͻ;͇ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͳͼ͵;ͻͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹͉ͯͪͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͳW. 4[D[FQBǝski

7
ͅͳͽ ͼͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪͽͳ – ͺͻͰͷͪ ͠ͰͱͳΒ; ͋͹ͺ͹Ͷͼ͵͹ͷ – ͵ͪ͹ t΁ͰͶͳ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
Ϳ͹ͻͷ;ͶͳͼͪΔͪͳͶͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͪ ͸ͪͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͳͪ;ͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ ͵͹Βͳ;ͷͪΔͰͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Γͳͬ͹Β
Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͼͰ;Γ;ͯͼ͵͹Β͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͳi 5PQPMTLJ ͼͽͻ¢
̽ͳͼ͵;ͼͳΒͪͼͪͯͻ ͉ͳͭͰͶͼ͹ͷ͎ͪͶͳͶͳΒͰͷͳͷͻ
̈́;͵ͪ΃͹ͷ͍ͶͪΒ΃Ͱͻ͹ͬͳ΂͹ͷ ͋͹ͻ;Δ . ͷͪΒ
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ;΂Ͷͪ͸͵ͪ;͵ͪͲͪͶͪΒͰͯͪ;ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͳͷͪͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸ͳͷ
ͷͳͽ͹ͬͳͷͪͺͪͱΔ;ͬͻͰͯͳͼ͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪͽͻͪΒ͸ͳͷͳͽ ͺͻͰ͸͹΃Ͱ͸ͼ͵͹ͶͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ͵͹ͶͰ͸͹ ͼͪͷ;ͼͰͫͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͸ͪͻͪͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͯͪ ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪ ;Ͷ͹ͭͰ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸; Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵; ͵ͪ͹ ͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; ͑ͳͻͰ ͷͪͯͪ ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ; ͺͳͽͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪ ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͲͪ
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻΒͰͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͹;ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͻͪͯ; ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ͳͼ͵͹ͻͳ΃ΕͰ͸͹ͷͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷͺͳͼͪΔͪ
͹ͬ͹ͭ΂Ͷͪ͸͵ͪ W. 4[D[FQBǝski
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959
ͅͳͽ͹ͬͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯͳͭͻͪͶͳͬͪͱ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;͵͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͶ͹ͷ;9*9ͳ99ͬͼ; ͺͻͰ
ͼͬͰͭͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͳͽ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͳͽtͲͶͪͽ͸͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪi ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳΒ;͸ͪ΂͵ͳͷͳͽ͹ͬͳͳ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͽͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͈ͪͪͱΔ; ͼͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸΃Ε; ͬͻͰͯͳͺ͹ͼͬͰͽͳͽͳͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀͆ͪͽͰͷ;
ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ͹ͯΔͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͪͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͪ ͸Ͱͷͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰͯͪͼͰ ͸ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;ͯ;ͫΓͰͪ͸ͪͶͳ
ͲͳͻͪΒ; #PCSPXOJDLB ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ ͈͹ͺ͹ͬͳΕ 3BQBDLB 1995 ͡;ͫͳ͸͵͹ͬͳΕ
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́ͺͪ͵ ͳͼͺͻͪͬ͸͹ΕͰͫͳͽͳ͹ͫͻͪΕͪΔͰͺͪͱΔͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔͰ
ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀ͷͳͽ͹ͬͪ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͳͽͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͽͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͳͽΒͰͼͻͺͼ͵ͳtͼ;ͺͰͻͷͳͽi͍;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͷ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͳ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ͹ͺͽͳ΁ͪΒ; ;JFMJǝTLJ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͼͬͳ͹ͼͽͪͶͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷͳͽ͹ͬͳͼ;͵͹͸ͼͽͳ
ͽ;ͳͼͪ͸ͳ;͸ͪͯ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪΔ;͸ͪΔͰͭͪ ͪ΂ͪ͵ ;ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;ͬͰΕͳ͸Ͱ
ͳͲͻͪͼͶͳͼ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹t͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͽͶ;iͅ͹ͱͰͼͰ ͻͰΕͳͯͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹΂ͳ͸ͳͺ͹ͶͪͲ͸;ͳ͵ͻͪΒΔ; ͽͪ΂͵;ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͌
ΔͰͷ;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹ͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͰ;͵͹ͷͰͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹ͺͻͰ͹ͫͻͪͱͪΒͪͳͲ͹ͫͳ΂͸Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ;tͼͬͰ
ͽ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ;i ΔͰ͸ͪͰͺͳͿͪ͸ͳΒͪͺͻͰͷͪͼͬͰͽ;͏ͪͻ̈́ͪͲͪͻ ͅͳͶ͹΃͇ͫͳͶͳΕͳ̺;͵̹ͻͪ͸͵͹ͬͳΕͺͻͰͯ
ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͽͻͳΒͪͯ;ͼͬͰͽ͹ͼͽͳ ΀ͻͪͫͻ͹ͼͽͳͳͳͲͯͪΒͰ ;JFMJǝTLJ ͼͽͻ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͺ͹ΓͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͷͼ;
ͼͰͭ͹ͯ͊ͻͫͳ OPUBCFOF ;Ͳ;΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͳ̸ͻ;ͷ;͸ͪ ͫͻͪ͸ͳͶͳͺͻͰͯ͋;ͻ΁ͳͷͪ ;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͷ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪͽ͹Β͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͳͺͳͼͪ͸ͼͽͪͽ;ͼͼͺͪͼͪͬͪΔͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͺͻͰͯͳͼͶͪͷ
ͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹ͺͶͪͬ͹ͷ
ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͽͻͪͭͰͯͳΒͰ ͊ͻͫͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ;ͫͻͲ͹ ͺ͹ͽͺͪͶͳ ͺ͹ͯ
ͬͶͪͼͽ ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ͌ ͷͳͽͼ͵͹Β ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͳ ͳͶͳ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸͹Β Ͳͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ ͽͪΒ ͯ͹ͭͪΌͪΒ
ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ Ͳͪ t͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂͵ͳ ͷͳͽ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪi #BMDFS ͼͽͻ
͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ͹ ΒͰ
ͳͺͪ͵ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͬͳ΃Ͱ ΒͰͻΒͰ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͺͻ͹ͿͰͽͼ͵;͸ͪΒͪͬ;͹ͼͬͰͽͰ͊ͻͫͪ͸ͪͯ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳͷͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹
ͯͪͳͬͪͼ͵ͻͼͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ ;JFMJǝTLJ ͼͽͻ–

͌ͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓ;–ͼͻͺͼ͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͶͪͻͰ͸Ͱͼͪ͸ͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ͹ͬͪΔͪ
Ͳͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͶͪΒͰ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͳͷͺ;Ͷͼͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͫͪͲͳͻͪͶͳ͸ͪ͹ͬͯͰͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸͹ΒͷͳͼͶͳ
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͰͻͰͪͶͳΒͰͳͲͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓͪ– ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹͵ͪ͹ͳͽͪͯͪ΃Δͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͼͽͪ
ͽ͵ͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͬͳͶͪΒͰͽͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱͼ;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͶͰ ͹ͼͳͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒ; ̽ͻͰ͸ͳ΁; ͯͰ͹ ͅ͹ͻͪͬͰ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͪͯͻͱͳ ͊ͽͪͻ; ͉ͪ΃͵; ͸͹ͬ͹ͺͪͲͪͻͼ͵; ͻͰͭͳΒ; ͳ ͯͰ͹ ͬͪͻͯͪͻͼ͵Ͱ
ͪͅ͵Ͱͯ͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪΒͰ͊ͻͫͰͺͻͰͯͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͰͼ͵ͪͶͳͻͪ͹;ͽͳͷ͵ͻͪΒͰͬͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͳ
͸ͳͼ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪͶͳͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͶͳ ͪͶͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͰͷͪ͸ͳͿͰͼͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ
͊ͻͫͳͷͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ ͷ͹ͭͶͰͼ;ͼͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͪͽͳ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹Βt΁ͻ͸͹ͫͰͶ͹Βiͷͳͼͪ͹͸͹Β΃Ͱͷͳͅ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ͼ ͋;ͻ΁ͳͷͪ ͫͳͶͳ ͼ; ͵ͻͳͬ΁ͳ Ͳͪ ͼͬͪ͵͹ ͲͶ͹ ͊ͻͫͳ – ͫͻͪ͸ͳ͹΁ͳ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ
ͺ͹͸ͳͱͪͬͪ͸ͳ ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ ͪͶͳͱͳͬͰΕͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͷtͺ͹͸͹ͼ͸͹ͭͬͪͼ͵ͻͼͪi͇ͫ͹ͻͫͳͼͳͽ͸͹ͭͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ
̽ͪͬͳͯͪͼͪͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷͽ;ͻͼ͵ͳͷ̻͹ͶͳΒͪͽ͹ͷ ,PMTU ͼͽͻ–
͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͶͪΒͰͯ͸ͪͳͶͳͯͻ;ͭͪ
;ͼͽͪ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͳͶͳ ͻͪͽ͸ͪ ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ ͯ͹͸ͰͼͰ͸ͪ ; ͽ͹ͷ ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͇ ΔͰ͸͹Β ͸Ͱͷͳ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰ ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪ͹
ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͸ͳͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬ͹ͼͬͰͽͰͳ͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪ͹ͳͲͺ͹ͻ;͵ͰͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͪͲͪ͋ͪΒ
ͳͷͺͰͻͪͽͳͬΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͶ͹͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰΕͪΔͰ͊ͪͷ͹͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͳͽΒͰͺͻ͹ͻͳ΁ͪ͹͋;ͻ΁ͳͷͪ

͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͷͳͽͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳ΃ͰͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻ;̽ͪͬͳͯͪͳ̻͹ͶͳΒͪͽͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͽͳͼͪͷͰͽͪͿ͹ͻͷ
t΂;ͬͪͻͪ͵ͪͺͳΒͰi͵͹Βͪͳͼͽ͹ͳͭͻͪͬͰͶͳ͵;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͷ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ; ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͽͪ͵͹ΌͰLaffan

ͳ ͼͬͳͷͪ ͼ Δͳͷͪ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ
͵ͪ͹ ͹Ͷͳ΂ͰΔ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͭ ͲͶͪ ͵ͻͪΒΔͳ ͺ͹ͻͪͲ
͈͹ͺ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ͊ͪͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–.%ƾCSPXTLB1BSUZLB ͼͽͻͪ
ͼͽͻ–͚͹ͻΌͰͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
9.
͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ ͷͳͼͽͳ΂͸ͳ Β;͸ͪ΁ͳ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͺͻͰ ͼͬͰͭͪ ͼͬͰͽͳ ΁ͪͻ ̈́ͪͲͪͻ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͸ͪ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͷ ͺ͹Γ;
tͳͲͪͫͻͪ͹΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹͸ͰͫͰͼ͵͹i ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳ͊ͽͰͿͪ͸̽;΃ͪ͸ ͵͹Βͳͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵;ͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸;
ͷ͹Ε ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ΁ͪͻͲͪ͵͹͸͹ͯͪͬͪ΁
ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ͹ ͸ͪ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͷ ͷͰͼͽ;
ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹͸͹ͼͪͳͻͰͿͶͰ͵ͼͳΒͰ͹ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͷtͲͶͪͽ͸͹ͷͬͰ͵;i ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͼ;t͸ͰͫͰͼ͵ͰͲͪͼ
ͽ;ͺ͸ͳ͵Ͱiͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͺͳͽͪΔͪͅͳͽͼͰͬͰͲͳͬͪ͹ͼͬͰͻ͹ͷ ͵;ͶͽΒ;͸ͪ͵ͪͼͪ͹ͫͻͰͯͳͷͪ;΁ͻ͵ͬͳ ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͼ
ͺͻ͹ͼͬͰͽ͸ͳͷͼͽͪͻͪΔͳͷͪͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͳͷͪ͸ͳͷ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ9*9ͳ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;99ͬͼͬͰ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ͸ͪ
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͬͰΕͳ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͱͳͬͰͶͪͬͪ͸ͽͪͯͪ΃Δͳ΀ͭͻͪ
͸ͳ΁ͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ
́ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͼ; ͼͰ Ͳͪ ͬͻͰͷͰ ͼͬ͹ͭ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͳ ͹͵͹ Β;͸ͪ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ
ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪ͹͸ͪ͵͹ͶͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ;͋͹ΒͰͫͳ͹͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬͪͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪͶ͸͹ ; ͷ͸͹ͭͳͷ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ ͫͳ͹ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ Ͳͪ ͅͶͰ΂ͪ͸ͳ͸ͪ ͎ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͬ͹Ό;
͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭͪ ͼ; ͳͺͪ͵ ͺͰͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ͭͪ ͹ͺͰͬͪͬͪͶͳ ͳͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹Ͳͳ ͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͰ– ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰͽ͹ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͳͭ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͸͹– ͺͻͳͺͳͼͳͬͪͶͳͯ͹ͷͰ͸;͸ͰͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͪ͋͹ΒͰ͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͶ͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͺͻͰͳ
ͷͰ͸͹ͬͪΔͰͼͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ͹΁ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ͸ͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ͹΁ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪ
ͳ ΂ͪͼͽͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ ͳ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪ tͺͪͽͻ͹͸ͪi Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͰͭ ͺ;͸͹ͭ
;ΒͰͯͳΔͰΔͪ
̾ͼͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͳͭͻͪͬͪ͹͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ;9*9ͳ͸ͪͺͻͪͭ;99ͬͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ΒͰ
ͺ͹ͻͰͯͷͳͽͪ͹͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭ; ͳ;ͫͰΌͰΔͰ͹ͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ10 ̸ͺͼͽͻͪ΀;Β;Εͳ͹ͯΒͰͲͳ΂
͵ͳ΀ͺͻͰͷͳͼͪ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͽ͹;͵ͪͲ;Β;ͳ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͉ͳͶͳ͸ͯΒͰͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͳͬͪ͸ͪ͸ͰͷͪͶͪͺͪͱΔͪ ͫͳͶ͹
ΒͰͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰͻ͹ΌͰΔͪͪͶͫͪ͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͽͻͰͫͪͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳͯͪΒͰ
ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪ͹ͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸ͪͺͻͰͶ͹ͷ;9*9ͳ99ͬͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͯͬͻͭ͸;ͽͪͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Βͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͳͽͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵͹ͻͰ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͬͶͪ΂ͳ͹ͼͽͪͻͰ΃ͳ͸ͼͽͬ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͳͼ΁ͻ
ͺΓ;ΒͰͼͬͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱΒͪͷͳͽͪ͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ; 11 ͵ͪ͵ͪͬͼͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪͺ͹ΒͪͬΓͳͬͪ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷ9*9ͬ
9
̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ ͷͳͽ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ ͵͹ͼͽ;ͻ ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ ͻ͹ͷͪ͸ͽͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ̀ͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;ͶͳͼͪΔͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͳͯͰΒͰ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹͸΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͼͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ ͷͪͽͳ΁Ͱ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ; ͫͳͽͪ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͼ;ͳͷͪͶͰ ͳ ΁ͻ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͼ͵Ͱ
ͳ͸ͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽ;ͽͻͰͫͪͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͫͪͻͰͷ̻͹ͻͼ͵ͳͬͳΒͰ͸ͪ΁ ͈Ͱͽͻͪ** ͈Ͱͽͻ͹ͬͳΕͪ͢Ͱͭ͹΃ͪ͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͸;͵͹ͷͰ
ΒͰͳͲͬͻ΃Ͱ͸ͪͪͺ͹ͽͰ͹ͲͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰͳͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪ͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͬͰͻͼ͵ͪͳͯͰΒͪ͵ͻͬͪͬ͹ͭ͹ͫͻͪ΂;͸ͪͼͪͺ͹ͽ;ͻͳ΁ͪͷͪ¢
¢ͳͼͽͻͪͭͪͺ͹ͽ;ͻͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͯ͹ͬͰͯͰͯ͹ͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͪ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͭͲͪͬͰͽͪ ͽΒtͼͬͰͽͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͰ͹ͼͬͰͽͰ͵ͻͬͳ
ͺͻͰͯͪ͵ͪͺͻ͹ͶͳͬͰ͸Ͱ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;i
10
̺ͳͯͳͲͪͺͪͱͪΔͪͺ͹ ͽ͹ͷ ͺͳͽͪΔ; ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͽͰ͵ͼͽ͹ͬͪ ͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹̸ͯͪͷ̹ͪͶ΁Ͱͻ t̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽΒͰ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸͵ͪ͹ͼͽͻͳ͵ͽ͸͹ Ͷͪͳ΂͵ͳ ͫͰͲͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͪ
ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ͹ͷ͢Ͱ͸ͽͰͷͰΓΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͳͰͽ͸͹ͭͰ͸ͰͲ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͽͳ΀Ͳͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷ͵Ͱ
́Ͷͳͻͪ ͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳ͸ͯ͹Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͭͰͽ͸͹ͼͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͱͳͬͰ͹͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͺͻͰͯ͹Ͷͪͼ͵ͪ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸͇ͪͻͳͭͳ͸ͪͶͪ͸ΒͰͲͳ͵
ΒͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ͹ͯ ͼ;ͼͰͯͪ ͹ͫΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪ͹ͳ΀ͳͲ͸ͪͯͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺ͹ͯͰͶͪͳ ͹ͯͬͪΒͪ͹ΒͰͼͬͪ͵;ͬͰͻͼ͵;
ͭͻ;ͺ;͹ͯͼ;ͼͰͯͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͶͳͳͼͽ;ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒ;i Balcer ͼͽͻ 44
.
11
͈͹Γͼ͵ͳ ͷͰͯͳͰͬͳͼͽͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͷͳͽͪ ͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ; ͼͶͰͯͰΕͳͷ ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ: t<> ͼͬͰͼͽ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪ Γ;ͯͼ͵Ͱ ΒͰͯͳ͸΁Ͱ Ͱͽ͸ͳ΂͵Ͱ ͭͻ;ͺͰ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͉ͪΌͪ ͼͰ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸͹ ͼͪ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰͷ

;͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͈͹ͲͳͬͪΔͰ͸ͪΔͰͭͪΒͰͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪͶ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͪ΂͵ͰͭͶͰͯͳ΃ͽͪ
͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͸ͼͽͻ;ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͭͪͯͪͺͽͳͻͪΔͪͲͪΔͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͽ
ͻͰͫͰ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹͵͹ͷͺͶͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸
͆ͪͺͻͰͶͪͲ;9*9ͳ99ͬ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͪͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪΒͰͯͳ͸͹ΒͰͻͰͽ͵͹ͺͻͪͽͳͶ͹
ͯ;ͫΓͰ;ͲͪΒͪͷ͸͹ͻͪͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ͵͹Βͳ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳ΃;ͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ
ͼͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε;ͼ;;ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͲͪͼͶ;ͱͳͬͪͶͳͺͪͱΔ;ͳͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
΂͵ͳ ͶͳͯͰͻͳ ͽͬ͹ͻ΁ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͵͹͸ͽͪ͵ͪͽͪ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͯͰͶͪͽ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͳͺͪ͵ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹
;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪͶͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;tͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱi ͪΒͰͯͳ͸͹ͼ;ΒͰͼͽͰͻͰ͹ͽͳͺ͸͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳͲͪͯͻ;ͭ;
ͽ;Ό; ͳ͸ͰͲͪͬͻͰΌ;Β;Ε;ͫͶͳͱͰͺͪͱΔͰ ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ΒͰ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͯ͹ͳͲͻͪͱͪΒͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ͹ͬͰ͹ͷͪΒͪ͵
͹ͼͰΕͪΒ͸ͪͯͷ͹Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪͶͪͯͪͼͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͬͳͯͰ͵ͪ͹͸ͰͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹Ͳͪ͹ͼͽͪͶͳ
ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͯͪ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͰͯ;Β;Εͳ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵ͬ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;12

͊ͻͺͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳ;ͻͪͲͯ͹ͫΓ;͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͪͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪͶͳ
͸ͪͽͰͷͰΓ;ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͪ͌͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪ͊ͻͫͪͼͰͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪΕͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪͬͰͻ; ͷͳͶ͹ͼͽ
͈ͻ͹ͬͳΌͰΔͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ΁ͪ Ͷͳͽ;ͻͭͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪͶͰ͸ͯͪͻͪ ͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪΔͰͯͰͶͪͯͰ͵ͪͶ͹΃͵ͳͷ͵ͪͽͰͭ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͪͭͻͰ΀–
͸ͳΒͰͭͻͰ΀ͳͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ͊ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͽͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͼ;ͪͼͳͷͳͶ͹ͬͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͰ ͸ͺͻ.
ͫͻ͹Β͸ͪͼ;ΒͰͬͰͻΒͪ

͌ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ9*9ͬ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;;ͬ͹ͯͳͶͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸Ͱͷ͹ͯͳ
Ϳͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ;ͷ͹ͯͰͶͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ͊ͻͫͳ ͼ; ͯ͹ͯ;΃Ͱ ͳͯͪΓͰ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶͳͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ; ͵͹Β͹Β ͼ;
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͳͻͪͶͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͼͰͶͪ́ͯͪΓͰͼ;ͽͪͷ͹ͬͶͪͯͪͶͳͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΀ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳ͆ͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ
ͼͪΔͰͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪΒͰ ͳͺͪ͵ ͺ͹΂Ͱ͹ͯͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ͉ͪͲͬ͹Β͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀͹ͯ͸͹
ͼͪͳͬͰΕͰ͸Ͱͭ͹ͯ͹ͽͪͯͪͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͼͰͶͪ;ͭͻͪͯ͹ͬͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼͳͶͳͼ;͵ͻͳͲͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͪ ͳͲͬͰͼ
͸͹ͷͺ͹͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͬͪΔ;;ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;Γ;ͯͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷͶͪͯͳ΀
ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ͪͼͺͳͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ
͸ͪ΃Ͷ͹ ͳ Ͳͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ ͹ͯͻͪͲ ; ͼͻͺͼ͵͹Β ͶͰͺ͹Β ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͺͻ ͯͰͶͪ ͅͳͶ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ̻Ͷͳ΃ͳΕͪ ̈́ͪͲͰ
̈́ͪͲͪͻͰͬͳΕͪ ͪ͠͸͵̺ͪͰͼͰͶͳ͸͹ͬͳΕͪ– 'FMD[BL 8BTJMFXTLJ ͼͽͻ

͈ͻ͹ͷͰ͸Ͱ ͷ͹ͯͰͶͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͱͳͽͰΓͪ ̺͹Βͬ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ ͊Ͷͪͬ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͳͶͳ ̓ͻͪΓͰͬͳ͸Ͱ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ
͸ͳͼ;;ͽ͹ͷͼͪͷ͹ͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͳͶͰ͊ͻͫͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͱͳͬͰͶͳ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵͹ͷͯͰͶ;͹ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͋;ͻͼ͵Ͱ
͋ͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͼ;ͼͰͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ͷ͹ͯͻͱͪͶͳ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͫͶͳͼ͵͹ͷ
ͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸ͳͷ;Ͳ͹ͻͳͷͪ͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰͯ͹ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͪͽ͹ͬͪ͋͹ΒͰ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶ͹͹΂;ͬͪΔͰͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ
΂͸ͳ΀ ͵;Ε͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ΒͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ΀ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͯ͸Ͱͬ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͼͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͳ΀ ͻͳͽ;ͪͶͪ ΂ͳΒͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͪ ͹ͬͯͰ
͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͬͪͱͪ͸ ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ΔͰ͸ͪ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ΂͵ͪ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͳ ͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ ΔͰ͸ͪ
ͭͻͪΌͪ<>͌ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͸ͪ΃Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͬͰͼͽͳͱͰͶͰͶͳͫͳͼͷ͹ͯͪͼͰͱͰͷ͹΃ͽ͹ͯͪΓͰ ͯ͹ʮͺ͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵ͪʮ ͯ͹ʮͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷͪʮ́
ͽͪͯͪ ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳͷ͹ ͸ͪ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪΔͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼͰ ͹ͯͫͳΒͪ ͹ͯ ͷͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͷͻͬͪ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ̓ͪͯͪ ΒͰ Ϳͪ͸ͽͪͲͳΒͪ
ͺͰͼ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͶͳ΀ͻ͹͸ͳ΂ͪͻͪͺ͹ͬͰͱͰ;͸Ͱ͵;΁ͰͶͳ͸;͸ͪͼͽͪΒͰͷͳͽ͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ;͵͹Βͳͱͳͬͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͱͳͬ͹ͽ͹ͷͳ
ͼͰ͵;͸ͯͪͻ͸͹͹ͫͻͪͼͽͪ Ϳͪ͸ͽͪͲͳΒ͹ͷ͊ͬͰͼ͸͹ͳͶͳ͸ͰͼͬͰͼ͸͹ ͷͳͽ͹ͬͳ ͼ;ͼͽͪͶ͸͹ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ͸ͳͳͼͽͪͶ͸͹ͻ;΃Ͱ͸ͳ ;
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͸ͪ;΂͸ͰͬͰͻͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳi 8ZSP[VNTLJ ͼͽͻ
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12
̺. ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͳ͵;ͼ <͊ ͈ͻ͹ͽͳΕ> ͼͽͻ. 21–22
͌ ͽ͹ͷ ͻͪͯ; ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ – ΒͰͯͪ͸ ͹ͯ ͸ͪΒͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳΒͳ΀ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ Ͱͺ͹΀Ͱ – ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ ͸ͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ͵ͪ͹ tͻͪͼ; ͸Ͱͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸; Ͳͪ ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ ͱͳͬ͹ͽi ͳ
tͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹͵͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;ͳ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͲͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ ͲͪͻͪͲͶͳ͵;͹ͯ͊ͻͫͪi

Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͽͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ13 ̺ͻͰͯͳ ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͽͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͪ ͯͳͼͽͪ͸΁ͪ
ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪ ͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ̽ͻͰ͸ͳ΁ͰͳͶͳ͸ͺͻ͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸Ͱ̓;ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪͳͽͪͷ͹
΃Δͳ΀ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͫͳͶͪ ͼͪ ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹΃Ε; ͷͪΔͪ ͹ͯ ͽͰ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶͪ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͊ͻͫͪ ͳͲ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͳ
ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ
͇ͫͻͪΕͪΒ;ΕͳͺͪͱΔ;͸ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ͵͹Βͪͼ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪͶͪ͊ͻͫͰͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹
͹ͯͽͪͯͪ΃ΔͰͭ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ͹ͽ͹ͷͰ
;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸ͳ9*9ͳ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;99ͬ ͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͺͪͲͳ
ͽͳ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭ ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͭ͹ͼͽ͹ͺͻͳͷͼͽͬͪ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͬͪͽͻͰ͸͹ͷ ͹ͻ;ͱΒ; ͺͳͽͪΔͰ
ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͭ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͼͰΕͪΔͪ ͹ ͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͼͽͳ ͳ ͺ͹͵͹Β͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪΔͰ ͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͪ ; Ͳͪͯͻ;ͭͪͷͪ
ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͼ;ͼͰ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͶͳ͸ͪͺͳͽͪΔͪͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ͠Ͱͯ͸͹͹ͯΔͳ΀
ΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ΂ͪ͵ͳ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵ͪ ͸ͪ ͳͼͶͪͷ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͼͬͰͽͪ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ;ͱͳͬͪͶͳ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ ͵͹ͯ
ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀͊ͻͫͪ ͸ͺͻ͚͹ͻΌͪ ͊ͰͬͪͼͽͳΒͪ͸ͪ ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Ͷͪͪͅͻ͵ͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀
΃ͽ͹ΒͰͫͳͶ͹Ͱ͵ͬͳͬͪ
ͶͰ͸ͽͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͼͶͪͬͰ
͈͹΃ͽ͹ͼ; ͪ͵͹ΒͰͬͰΕͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹ ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͽͳͳͲΒ;ͱ͸͹ͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀͵ͻͪΒͰͬͪ ͯ͹ͫ
ͻ͹ ͹ͫͻͪΌͰ͸ͳ ; ͼͽͻ;΂͸͹Β ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳ ͸ͪ ͹ͬ͹ͷ ͷͰͼͽ; ͫͳ ͬͻͰͯͰͶ͹ Ͳͪͫͪͬͳͽͳ ͼͰ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͪͽͳ͵͹ͷ
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ΕͰ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹͵͹ΒͰͼͰ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸ͳͷͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͷͰΔͪͶ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳ
ͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͻͪͼͶ͹ΒͪͬͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͵ͻͰͳͻͪͶ͹͸;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͯͪͼͰͪ͸ͳͷͪͽ͹ͻͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻͰͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͲͳͬͪΒ;͸ͪ
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̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ ͺͻͪͬ͹14 ; ͼͬ͹Β͹Β ͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹Β Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͪͶ͹ ΒͰ Β͹΃ ; 97 ͬ ́ͺͪ͵ ͺ͹
ͷͳ΃ΓͰΔ;͋ͪͯͰ;΃ͪ͐Ͱ͵ͪͶͼ͵͹ͭ $[FLBMTLJ ͼͽͻ
͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͽͳ΂ͪ͵ͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͺ͹ͻͰ
͵Ͷ͹ ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ ͸͹ͻͷͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ; ΔͰͷ; ͼͪͯͻͱͪ͸Ͱ ͍͹ͻͷ;ͶͰ ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱ ; ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ;
͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ΂͸Ͱ ͼ; Ͳͪ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ ; ͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻͰ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͺͻͰ
ͯͻͱͪͬͪ̽;΀ͳͼͶ͹ͬ͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ;͵͹ͻͰ͸ͳͶͳͼ;ͼͰ;;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͷͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ
΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͶ͹͹ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹Β͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸Γͳͬ͹Βͪͽͻͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͼͬͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁Ͱ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͰͼͽͪ
Ͷͳͯͪ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͬ͹ΒͲͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵͹ͷͽ;ͻͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪͳͳͼͶͪͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ΒͰ͹ͺͼͽͪ
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ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ ͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪΔͰ ͳ ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;ΔͪͬͪΔͰ $[FLBMTLJ ͼͽͻ
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ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͪ ͳͲ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ΂ͳΒͰ ͼ; ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͰ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͬͰͻͲͳΒͰ
ͼͪͯͻͱͪͶͰ ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͷͪͶͰͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱ ;Ͳͻ͹͵͹ͬͪͶͪΒͰͯͪΒͰ͵͹̸ͯͶͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͳͯͰΒ͸͹
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͭͲ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͭͯͰͶͪͼͪ͋;ͻ΁ͳͷͪ ͽͻͪΒͪ͹͹ͼͰΕͪΒͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͰͲͪͼͰͫ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͰͶͰͷͰ͸
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͈ͻ͹ͺͳͼͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪͼ;ͼͪ͵;ͺΓͪͶͳͲͪ͵͹͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͸;͸ͳ
͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Ε;
ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸;;ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ;ͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ
͹ͫͻͪͯ;ͳ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͳͬͪΔͰͯ͹΂Ͱ͵ͪͶͳͬͰ͹ͷͪ͵ͪͼ͸͹́ͺͪ͵ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͳ͸Ͱͯ͹ͼ
ͽͪͽͪ͵ͽͪ͵ͬͳ΀͹ͫͻͪͯͪ͵ͪ͸;͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰͲͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͫͳ͹ͼ;ͬͳ΃ͰͬͰͶͳ͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹
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ͫͳͶ͹ͺͻͰ͸͹΃Ͱ͸͹ͼͺ͹͵͹ͶͰΔͪ͸ͪͺ͹͵͹ͶͰΔͰ͇ΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔ;ͳ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Ε͹Βͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ
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ͺͳ͹ͳ͹ͫͻͪͯͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͯͰ͹͸͹ͻͷͳ͵͹ΒͰ;ͶͪͲͰ;ͼͪͼͽͪͬͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ̓ͪ͸;͸ͪ̈́Ͱ͵ͪ̽;͵ͪΌͳ͸ͳ
Βͪ15 ͸ͺͻ;ͺͶͰͷͰ͸;ͅͳͻͯͳͽͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͳͷͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͺͳͽͪΔ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͺͻͰͽͪ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͬͰ
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ͫͳͶͳͼ;ͬͰͲͪ͸ͳͲͪ
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ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳ΀͵ͪ͸;͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͬͰͲͳͬͪͶͪͼͻ͹ͯ͹ͷ̓ͪͼͽͻͳ͹ͽͪ ͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͼͪͶͳ΂
͸͹΃Ε;ͼͪͷ͹ͭ͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭͪ͋ͪΒ͵ͪ͸;͸ΒͰ͹ͫͪͬͰͲͳͬͪ͹;͵ͻͪ΀ͳ͸ͪͽͳͷͪ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ
̓ͻ͹Βͳͳͪͅͽ ͵ͪ͹
ͳ;͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͳ̽Ͱͫͻͪ 19
͇ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪΒͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ͼͳͼͽͰͷ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͳͼͪ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪͳͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
ͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸͹ͯ͸͹ͻͷͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳ͵ͪͲ͸Ͱ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͺͳͼͪͳͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ͯͪͽͳ΀ͺͻ͹
΁Ͱͯ;ͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ ͈͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͯͰͶ͹ͬͳͳtͺͪͻͪͭͻͪͿͳiͼ; ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͶͳͽͪ͵ͬͪͫͳͽ͸ͪ ͺͳͽͪΔͪ ͵ͪ͹
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬͪͼͪ΁ͻ͵ͬ͹ͷͳΔͰ͸ͳͷͬͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͫͻͪ΂͸Ͱͳͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΂͸Ͱ
͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ͹ͬͪΔͰ͵;ΕͰͳͼͽͬͪͻͳ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͯ;ͻ;ͺ͹ͶͪͭͪΔͪͲͪ͵ͶͰͽͬͰͳΔͰ͸Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ ͺͻͪͬͳͶͪ΂ͪͼͽͳ ;
ͽ͹ͷͰͲͪΔͳ΀ͬͪͱ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰͭ͹ͼͽ͹ͺͻͳͷͼͽͬͪ
͸ͪΒͲͪͯ– ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰ ͺ͹ͯ͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ ͫͳͶͪͷ͹ͭ;Εͪ ͵ͻͬ͸ͪ
͹ͼͬͰͽͪ HKBLBNBSSKB
ͳͶͳΔͰ͸͹ͰͬͰ͸ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹ͲͪͷͰΔͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳͷ͹ͫͰ΃ͽͰΕͰΔͰͷ $[FLBMTLJ
ͼͽͻ–͈͊;ͺ͹ͬ΁ͳ ͼͽͻ– –̺͋;͵ͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–

ͅͰΌ; ͸ͪͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͷ ͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͬͰ͹ͷͪ ͫͳͽ͸͹ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͻͰͭ;ͶͳͼͪΔͰ ͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͵ͪ͸;͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹
̓ͪ͸;͸ͪ̈́Ͱ͵ͪ̽;͵ͪΌͳ͸ͳΒͪ
ͼ΀͹ͯ͸͹;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͽ;ͻͼ͵ͰͬͶͪͼͽͳ͸̸ͪͯͶͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ;ͯ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹
15
́ͷͺ͹Ͳͪ͸ͽͪ͸ͻͪͯ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;͹ͯ͵ͻͪΒͪ9*9 ͬͯ͹ͼͷͻͽͳͭ͹ͯͳͲͬͻ΃ͳ͹ͿͻͪΔͰͬͪ΁͚͊Ͱ΂͹ͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ
ͼͽͪͻͪΔͪ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ ͼͪͫͻͪΕͰ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰͽͪ ; ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͷͪ –1933. ͯ͹ͬͰͶͪ ͼ; ͯ͹ ͳͲͯͪͬͪΔͪ ͭ͹ͯ ; ͊͵ͪͯͻ; ͽ͹ͭ
͸ͪΒͬͪͱ͸ͳΒͰͭͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͵ͪ͸;͸ͪ̽ͬ͹ΒͰͲͳ΂͸͹ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͳͲͯͪΔͰ,BOVOJi-FLÌ%VLBHKJOJU–
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͆ͪͺ͹Γͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;̓ͪ͸;͸̈́Ͱ͵ͪ̽;͵ͪΌͳ͸ͳΒͪΒͰͯ͹ͼͽ;ͺͪ͸;͹ͯͶ͹ͷ΁ͳͷͪ ͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͷͪ͸΁ͳ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ
ͺͻͰͬ͹ͯ;ͬͰΕͼͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽ͹͉͎ͭͪͶͳͶͳΒͪ̓ͪ͸;͸̈́Ͱ͵ͪ̽;͵ͪͭΒͳ͸ͳ
̓ͻͪͼ͸͹ͭͻ;ͯͪ ͫͻ ͼͽͻ–120.

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17
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19
̓͹ͯͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͽ͹ͭ͵ͪ͸;͸ͪΒͰ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ;–. ͳͲͬͻ΃ͳ͹͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵ͳͼͬͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ͵͍ͻͪ͸͹́Ͷͳͪ́ͺͪ͵
̓ͪ͸;͸͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭͪΒͰ;΁ͰͶͳ͸ͳ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͽͰ͵ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ

ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸ͪ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͳͷͪͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ GJTF
20 ͳͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͪ 21͊΀͹ͯ͸͹ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸ͳͷ
ͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ ͫͪͻΒͪ͵͹ͷ ΒͰ ; ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ; ͸ͪͲͳͬͪ͸͹ ΁ͰͶ͹ ͺͶͰͷͰ ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹
ͷͰΌ;ͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ͵ͻͬͳ– ͼͺ͹Βͫͻͪͽͼͽͪͬͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;΂ͳ͸ͳͶͳͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͳ ͽΒͭͻ;ͺͰͺ͹ͻ͹
ͯͳ΁ͪ
̹ͪͻΒͪ͵ ΒͰ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͫͳ͹ Ϳͳͼ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ ͵ͪ͹ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ ͽͰͶ͹ – ͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͼ͵͹ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͼ͵ͪ tͷͳ͸ͳ
ͯͻͱͪͬͪi͵͹ΒͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱ͸ͪ ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ΒͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ ͪͶͳ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱ͸͹ͪͽͻͳͫ;ͽͪͼͽͬͪͻ͸Ͱ
͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ 22 ͆ͪ΂ͰͶ;ͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͪ ͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͽͪͻͳ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳ͋;ͻ΁ͳ͐Ͱͼͽ͹ΒͰ
ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶ͹ͯ͹ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͪͼ;ͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͽͪͻͳ ͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͷͪͽͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸;͵͹ͻͳͼͽ ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͪͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱͽ;ͻ
ͼ͵ͳͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽ͹ͻͳ͸Ͱͭ͹΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳͿͳͼͪ ͬͰͻ͸ͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪͳͺ͹ͼͶ;
΃͸ͳΔͰͭ͹ͬͳͷͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪͷͪ ͼ͵;ͺ΃ͽͳ͸ͳͳͼ;ͯ;ͼͽͪͻͳΒͳ΀
͌ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰ
ͺͶͰͷͰ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ͹ͬͪͶ͹ͯͪΒͰΔͰͭ͹ͬͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͽͪͻ ͸ͪͺͻͰͬͳ΃Ͱ;ͺͪͯΓͳͬ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸͸ͪͺ;ͼͽͳ͹͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ
ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻ;Β;Εͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ͵͹Βͳ
ͼ;͸ͪͻ;΃ͪͬͪͶͳͺͻͪͬͳͶͪͯ͹ͫͻͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͳ΀΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪͿͳͼͪ ΒͰͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͹ͽͬ͹
ͻͰ͸ͪͺ͹ͫ;͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͽͪͻͪ.23 ́Ͳ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ΕͳͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪ͸Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽ ͷ͹ͱͰͼͰͺͻͳͷͰ
ͽͳͽͳ ͺͻͰͯ͹΂ͪͬͪΔͰ ; ͽ͹Β ͬͻͼͽͳ ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͪ ͷͰ΀ͪ͸ͳͲͷͪ ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸Ͱ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ΂ͳΒͳ ΒͰ
΁ͳΓͫͳͶͪ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸ͪͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪͳͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ΀ͳΒͰͻͪͻ΀ͳ΂͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͲͪ
ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͺͻͰͯͬͳΌͰ͸;ΔͰ͸͹ͷ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷͺͻͪͬ;
̹ͳͽ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰΒͰͫͳ͹͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪͺͻͰͷͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ
͌͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸ͳͷ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪ;ͺͳͼͪ͸ͳͷ;ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͺͻͳͷͰͽ͸ͳͼ;ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽͳͰͽͳ͵Ͱ
͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬͪͻͪͺͻͪͬͳͶͳͷͪ͠Ͱͬͪ͸ΌͰΓͪ͋͹ͼͰ͸ͪΒͬͰͻ͹ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͱͰ͹ͫΒͪͼ͸ͳͽͳͺͻͰͽ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ
ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ͷͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳ΀ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͽ͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪͅ͹ͻͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͼͽͳ΁ͪͶͪͳͲ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ
ͯ͹ͺ;΃ͽͪͶͪΒͰͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱͺ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͲͫ͹ͭ͵͹Βͳ΀ΒͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁;͹ͼͬͰͽͳͷ͹ͭͪ͹ͯͪ͹ͯ;ͲͷͰͱͳͬ͹ͽͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ
͵;̽ͻ;ͭͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂ͳ͹ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ͵ͪ͸;͸ͪ ͪͶͳΒͪͼ͸͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳ͹
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ΒͰͽͳ΁ͳ ͫͳ͹ΒͰͺ͹͸ͰͭͯͰͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ ͺͻ͹ͯͪͬͪΔͪ͸ͪΒͷͶͪΌͳ΀ΕͰͻ͵ͳ ; ͽ;ͻͼ͵Ͱ
΀ͪͻͰͷͰ $[FLBMTLJ ͼͽͻ
͌͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪͼͰ͸ͳΒͰ
ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͷͳͻͳͽͳͼͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͻͰͶͳͭͳ͹Ͳ͸͹΃Ε; ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͶ͹ͯͪͳͲͪͲͳͬͪ͵͹͸ͿͶͳ
20
̀ͪͺͪͱͪΔͪ ͹ ;ͼͽͻ͹Βͼͽͬ; ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ ". #BMEBDDJ ͼͽͻ ¢
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21
̹ͪͻΒͪ͵ ΒͰ ͽ; ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ ͵ͪ͹ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͬ͹Β͸ͪ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͪ ΒͰͯͳ͸΁ͪ ͵͹Β; ͼ; ͋;ͻ΁ͳ ;͵Ͷ͹ͺͳͶͳ ;
ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ ̹ͪͻΒͪ΁ͳ ͼ; ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳ ͳͲ ͺͻͬ͹ͫͳͽ͸Ͱ ͬ͹Β͸Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ ̓ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ
͸ͪͺͳͼͪ͹͋ͪͯͰ;΃͐Ͱ͵ͪͶͼ͵ͳ ͫͪͻΒͪ΁ͳ t<>ͼ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͲͪͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͰͳͼͰͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͹ ͬ͹Β͸͹ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͹͵ͻ;Ͳͳ ͆ͪ Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ ΂ͰͶ; ͼ; ͼͰ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳ ͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͽͪͻͳ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ ͸͹ͷͳ͸͹ͬͪͶͪ
ͽ;ͻͼ͵ͪͬͶͪͼͽ ͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷΒͰͽ͹ͫͳͶͪ͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͪͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪ
͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪͶͳ;ͳͷͰͼͪ͸Θͪ͵ͫͰͭͪͳ ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͳͼ;
ͼͰ ͸ͪ ΂ͰͶ; ͹ͻ;ͱͪ͸ͳ΀ ͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͪ ͌ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͪ ΒͰ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪ Ϳ͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ ;͵Γ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ
ͺͶͪ͸ͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ; ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͇ͼͷͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ ͌ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ; ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ
ͅͳͻͯͳͽͪ͸ͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͷ΂ͰͶ;ΒͰͼͽͪΒͪ͹͵ͪͺͰͽͪ͸ ͵ͪͺͰͯͪ͸
i5$[FLBMTLJ ͼͽͻͅ͹ͭ;ΕͰΒͰͯͪͼ;ͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͽͪͻͳ
ͫͳͻͪ͸ͳ ͳͲ ͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͪ͵ͪ ͽͲͬ ͯͰͶͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͺͶͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͼͰ ͹ͯͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͶͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͷ ͫ͹Β͸͹ͷ
΀ͻͪͫͻ͹΃Ε; ͬͳͯͰͽͳ . )BTMVDL ͼͽͻ ͇ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ ͽ͹ͷ ͺ͹Βͷ; ͳ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸; ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ
Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΁ͪΔͪͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͪͬͳͯͰͽͳ̺͗́ͬͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͼͽͻ97–102.
22
̀ͪ͹ͺ΃ͳͻ͸ͳΒ;ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲ;ͽͳ΀ͺͳͽͪΔͪͬͳͯͰͽͳ(7BMFOUJOJ

23
̀ͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͹ͺ͹ͫ;͸ͪͷͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͫͪͻΒͪ͵ͽͪͻͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͲͫͳΒͪͶͰͳͷͰΌ;ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ
͑ͪͶͳͷͪͬͳͯͰͽͳ T. $[FLBMTLJ ͼͽͻ. 21.

͵ͽͰ ͼͪͬͰͼͽͳ ́ͺͪ͵ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͼͰ ͸ͳͼ; ͹ͯͻͳ΁ͪͶͳ ͸ͳ ͬͰͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷ ͺͻͪͬ; ͸ͳ ͬͰͲͪ ͼͪ
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͷ͆ͪͺͻͰͶͪͲ;9*9ͳ99ͬͬͰͲͰͼͪΔͳͷΒͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͬͪͶͪ͹͵͹ͽͻͰΕͳ͸ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͺ͹ͺ;
Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͱͳͬͰͶͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ΁ͳͼ;ͫͳͶͳͫͻ͹Β͸ͳΒͳ͹ͯͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ
͵ͪ
24
͈͹ͬ͹ͯͳͺͻͰͶͪͼ͵ͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͳͼͶͪͷͫͳͶͳ ͼ; ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳ ͸ͺͻͰ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵ͳ
̽Ͱ΃ͪͬͪͶͳͼ;ͼͰ ͳͺͪ͵ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͳͲͪ΀ͶͪΌͳͬͪΔͪͳͶͳͺͻͰ͵ͳͯͪΔͪ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͬͰͲͪ ͼ
24
̓ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳͲͪͷ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͼ͸ͪͱͪ͸ͳͯ͹ͫͻ͹͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸;ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͳͷͪ ͳ;Ͱ͸͵Ͷͪͬͪͷͪ;
΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͯͰͶ;ͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͪͺ͹ͯ΁ͻ͵ͬͰ͸͹ͷΒ;ͻͳͼͯͳ͵΁ͳΒ͹ͷ͸ͪͯͫͳͼ͵;ͺͳΒͰ;̽ͻͪ΂;
ͺ͹ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸
ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͬͪ͸ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͳͲ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒͰͳ́ͽͪͶͳΒͰ
͸ͪͺͻͰͶͪͲ;9*9 ; 99 ͬͳͺͪ͵ΒͰ
ͫͳ͹ͬͰͻ͹ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹͹͵͹̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͊͵͹ͻ͹ΒͰͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͶ͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬΓͰ ͪ– ͳͼͶͪͷ;
ͼ;͸ͳͽͼ͵͹Β ͳͶͳ ͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳΒͼ͵͹Β ͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽͳ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͭͻ͹Ϳͪ ͍ ͬͪ͸ ͯͰ͸ ͊ͽͰ͸ͪ ͯͰ ͠Ͱ΀ͪZͪ ͭͰ͸ͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͵͹͸Ͳ;Ͷͪ ̹ͰͶͭͳΒͰ ;͊͹Ͷ;͸;
ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΒͰͫͳͶͪ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ΁ͳ ͺͻͰͷͪΔͰͷ; ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ΒͰ ͯͪ
ͫ;ͯ; ͫͻ͹Β͸ͳΒͳ ͹ͯ ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͲͰͷΓͪ͵ͪ ͆ͪ ̹ͪͶ͵ͪ͸; ΒͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͹͸ ͱͳͬͰͶ͹ ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͳͲ͸ͪͯ
ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳͷͪ ͼͰ ΂Ͱͼͽ͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪ ͯͪ ͳ΀ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ
ͷͰΌ;
͵͹Βͳͷͪ ΒͰ ͫͳͶ͹ ͺͻͳͫͶͳͱ͸͹
΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͭͰͭͳͼ͵ͳ΀ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͽ͹ͼ͵ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ
΀ͳΓͪͯͰ ͵ͪͽ͹Ͷͳ͵ͪ ͳ ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬͪ΁ͪ ͐ͳ͸ͳ ͼͰ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͵͹͸Ͳ;Ͷ ͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͺͻͪͬ͹ͼͶͪͬ΁Ͱ ͳͲ
ΒͪΔͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͬͳͶͪΒͰͽͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ ̻ͻ΁ͳͷͪ ͆ͳΒͰͯ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͯͪ΁ͳ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͸Ͱ ͼ;ͭͰͻͳ΃; ͺͻͰͬͪͭ; ͪͫͶͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
͸Ͱͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͪ͸ͪͯͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͳͷͪ͌ͬͰͲͳͼͽͳͷ ͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ – ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͻ΁ͳΒͰͳͲͷͰΌ;
ͼ;͸ͳͽͪͳͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͼͽ͈ͪͪͱΔ;ͽͻͰͫͪͼ͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͳ͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁;ͯͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͼ;͸ͳͽͳͲͪͷ͸ͳΒͰͫͳ͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͻ͹ͯͪ͸
ͅͰΌ; ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪͼ;͸ͳͽͳͷͪ ͼ; Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪͶͳ ͸ͺͻ ΂Ͷͪ͸͹ͬͳ ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ΀ͰͽͰͻ͹͹ͻͽ͹ͯ͹͵ͼ͸ͳ΀ ͼ;ͿͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀
ͫͻͪͽͼͽͪͬͪ ͰͭͲ͹ͽͳ΂͸ͳ΀΂ͪ͵ͳ͸ͪͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͽͶ; ͵ͪ͹tarikaOBRTICBOEJ Ͱ͸ͭͶ. /BRTICBOEJ ͪͶͫ. /BLTICBOEJ

͵͹Βͳͼ;ͼͰͳͲͬ͹ͯͳͶͳ͹ͯͅ;΀ͪͷ̹ͪͯͪͪ΀ͪͪͶͯͳ͸ͪͶ͆ͪ͵΃ͪͫͪ͸ͯͳΒͪ #BIBVEDin/BRTICBOE#VLIBSJ –

ͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪͶͳ ͼͬ͹ΒͰ ͯ͹ͷ͹ͬͰ ͷ͹ͶͳͽͬͰ tekke
; ͋Ͱͽ͹ͬ; ̽Ͱͫͻ; ͇΀ͻͳͯ; ͳ ͊ͽͻ;ͭͳ ́ͺͪ͵
ͫͳͽ͸ͳΒͰ ͹ͯ ͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪ ͯͳͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳΒͰ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͼ;͸ͳͽͪ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ ;ͽͬͻΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
ͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͼͽͪͼ͹ͫͲͳͻ͹ͷ͸ͪͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸͹ͼ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͽͰͭͻ;ͺͰͯͪͶͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͳͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ; ͺͰͻͳ͹ͯ; ͉ͳͶ͸ͯΒͳ ͈ͻ͹΁ͰΔͳͬͪΔͰ ͫͻ͹Β͸͹ͼͽͳ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͼͽͪ ͳͺͪ͵ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳ͹
͈ͰͽͰͻ̹ͪͻͽͶ ͸ͳΒͰͶͪ͵͹͋ͪΒͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͸ͪͬ͹ͯͳͯͪΒͰ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͼͽͪͷ͹ͭͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ΀ͳΓͪͯͪ ͹ͯ
΂Ͱͭͪ ΒͰ ͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁ͪ ͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͲͷͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͫ;ͯ; ͬͰͻ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͳͼͶͪͷͪ ͳͲ Β;ͱ͸͹ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ ͌
ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹Β̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͳΒͳ ͺͻͰͷͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͪͷ̹ͪͰͻͽͶͪ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͼͽͪͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ΒͰ ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ;
͹͵͹Ͷͳ͸ͳ̓ͻ͹ΒͰ ͈̹ͪͻͽͶ ͼͽͻ
̺Ͱͻ͸ͳ΁ͳͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͲͷͪ͵͹Βͳ ͼ;ͫͳͶͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ͳ
͵͹Βͳͼ;ͺͻͰ;ͲͳͷͪͶͳ͸ͰͷͪͶ;͵͹Ͷͳ΂ͳ͸;΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵ͪ ;ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͼͰͷ͹ͱͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͽͳ͹
ͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͼ͸͹ͷͬͰͻͼ͵͹ͷͼͳ͸͵ͻͰͽͳͲͷ;ͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͳͻͪ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͼͽͪ
ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͶͳͼ;ͯͪ͹ͯͳͭͻͪΒ;;Ͷ͹ͭ;
ͬͰͲͰ ͳͲͷͰΌ; ͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ ͬͰͻͼ͵ͳ΀ ͭͻ;ͺͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ͼ; ͫͳͶͰ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸Ͱ ; ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͱ;
ͺ͹ͯͰΓͰ͸;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;̻Ͷͪͬ͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽ;ΒͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪ͹ͯͪ͹ͯͳͭͻͪ͆ͪͳͷ͍ͻͪ΃Ͱͻͳ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͽ͹
ͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹ ͍ͪͽ͹ͼ ̈́;ͫ͹Δͪ t<>ͽͻ;ͯͳ͹ ͯͪͷ͹ͫͳͶͳ΃Ͱ ΃ͳͳͽͼ͵;ͳ ͪ͸ͽͳͼ;͸ͳͽͼ͵;͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒ;ͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͼͽͪ ;
΁ͳΓ; ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬΓͰΔͪ ͺͻͰͷͪ ͽ;ͻͼ͵͹Β ͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͳ ͳ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͭ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ
ͷ;ͼͶͳͷͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ
Ͳ̸ͪͶͫͪ͸΁Ͱi ̹ͪͻͽͶ ͼͽͻ. 73
. ͈͹ͯ;΀ͬͪͽ͵͹Βͳ̈́;ͫ͹Δͪ͸ͪͲͳͬͪtͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͽͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͺ͹ͻ͹ͷ
͆ͪͳͷ͍ͪͻͪ΃ͰͻͳΒͪiͳͺͪ͵͸ͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͻ͹ͯͳ͹͹΂Ͱ͵ͳͬͪ͸ͳͷͻͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ͹ͷ ͳͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ. 75–
́ͺ͹ͻͰͯ
ͽ͹ͭͪ ;ͫͰΌͰΔͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ͸ͪ ; ͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳͽͼ͵ͳͷ ͷͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͷ͹ͶͳͽͬͰ ͳ ͼ;ͼͻͰͽͪ tekke
; ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͼͽͰͺͰ͸; ͼ;
ͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸ͰͶͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔ;͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͽ͹ͶͰͻͪ͸΁ͳΒͰͳͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭͪͷͰΌ;̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳͷͪͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͻͪ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͭͶͪͬ͸ͪͽͪ΂͵ͪ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭ ͳ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ ͷͳͽ ͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͭͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͳͷͫ͹Ͷͳ΃Ͱ ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸;
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͬͰΕ ͫ͹ͻͫ; Ͳͪ ͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ΌͰΔͰ ͷͪΒ͵Ͱ͹ͽͪΘͫͳ͸Ͱ ΃ͽ͹ ΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ ͹ͺ΃ͽͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͪ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹
΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͳͶͳ ΀ͻͳ΃Εͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͫͰ͵ͽͪ΃ͳΒͼ͵ͳ Ͳͪͯͪͽͪ͵ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹ ΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͻͰ͵ͪ͹ ͈ͪ΃͵͹ ̺ͪͼͪ ͷ͹ͭͶ͹ ;
͸ͪͼͽͪͶͳͷ ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͪ͵͹ ͸Ͱ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ ͹͸ͯͪ ͬͻ΀͹ͬ͸ͪ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͪ ̸Ͷͫͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ͋ͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͬͳͯͰͽͳ $. i B.
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͸͹ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;Εͳ ͹ͺͽͳ͵; ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͪͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰ Ͳͪ Δͳ΀ ͫͳͶ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͪ ͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͳ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ
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͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ;͵͹Βͳͷͪͼ;;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳͷͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ9*9ͳ͸ͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;99ͬͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͪ
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ΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵;ͷ͹Ε ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒ;͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ;͹ͼͽͻͬ;
ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͶ͹΁ͪͻͼͽͬ͹͆ͰͷͪΔͳΕͪ ͪͼͻͺ
ͼ͵ͪͬͳͼ͹͵ͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͲͻͪ΂ͳͶͪ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͺ͹ͼͽͳͭͶͪΒͰͼͽͪΔͰͺͻ͹΁ͬͪͽͪ
͌ͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳͼͻͰͯΔ͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͊ͻͫͳ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͿ͹ͻͷͳͻͪ͹͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͳͷͳͽ͵͹Βͳ;
ͼͰͫͳͼͪͯͻͱͳ͸ͪΒͪͬ;͹ͫ͸͹ͬͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͵ͼͻͺͼ͵ͰtͼͬͰͽͰͲͰͷΓͰi ͽΒ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͼͪ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷͽͲͬ
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͵ͳͷ ͳ ͷͳͶͳͽͪͻ͸ͳͷ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͌ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͬͪΔ; ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͱͳͬͳͷ ;
ͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ͹ͯͬ͹ΒͰ͸͹Β͹ͯͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͷͪͽͳ΁Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱͼͻͺͼ͵ͰͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͶͰͺ͹ͯ͹ͼͷͪ͸
ͼ͵͹ͷͬͶͪ΃Ε;
ͪͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳͪ͵΁Ͱ͸ͽ͹ͬͪΔ;ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͲͪͼͪ΁ͻ͵ͬ͹ͷ ͳͼͺ͹ΓͪͬͪͶͪͼͰͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͪͼͻͺͼͽͬͪ
;– ; ͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;– ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͷͳͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͽ;ΌͰͷ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔ; ;͵͹ͷͰΒͰͰͭͲͳͼͽ͹ͬͪͶͪͼͻͺͼ͵ͪͲͪΒͰͯ
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̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹͊ͻͫͳͷͪͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷͼ;ͼͰͯͳͷͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳ΃;Εͳ;ͯͻ;ͭ͹Βͺ͹Ͷ͹
ͬͳ͸ͳ9*9ͳ͸ͪ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵; 99ͬ ͼͬ͹Β͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͬͰͻͼ͵Ͱ ͻͪͲ͸͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͸ͳͼ;ͼͰ
͹ͼͶ͹͸ͳͶͳ͸ͪͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͿͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͼͪͫͳͶ͹͵͹Β͹ͷ͵͹͸ͿͰͼͳΒ͹ͷ ͸Ͱͭ͹ͼ;ͲͪΔͰ͸ͽͰͷͰΓͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳͶͳΒͰͲͳ
΂͵;ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁;ͳ;ͫͰΌͰΔͰ͹ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ;͹ͯͪ͸ͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ́Ͷͳͻͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸̹ͪͪͶ͵ͪ͸;ͫͳ͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽͪ͸
ͯ;ͭ͹ͺͻͰ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪͅͳͽ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͰͽ͸͹ͭͰ͸ͰͲͰ ͸ͪͭͶͪ΃ͪͬͪΔͰ;ΒͰͯͳΔ;Β;ΕͰ;Ͷ͹ͭͰΒͰͲͳ
͵ͪ ͪ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;ͳͼͪΔͰ ͺͪ͸ͽͰ͹͸ͪ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͺͰͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ; ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹Β ͺ͹ͰͲͳΒͳ ͳ ͺͻ͹Ͳͳ ͼ͵͹ͻ͹
ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ ͹ͯ ͳͲ;ͲͰͽ͸ͳ΀ Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳ – ͊͵Ͱ͸ͯͰͻͫͰͭͪ ̓ͪͻͪͷͪ΀ͷ;ͽͪ ͺͪ΃Ͱ ̹;΃ͪͽͶͳΒͰ ̸Ͷͳͺͪ΃Ͱ
͋ͰͺͰͶͰ͸ͪ– ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳ΀ͼ;ͯͬ͹Βͳ΁ͪͺͻͬͳ΀ͫͳͶͳͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸ͳͲͪ͹ͼ͸ͳͬͪ΂ͰͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ
ͯͪͬͪͶͳ ͼ; ͺ͹ͬ͹ͯ ͯͪ ͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͼͳͼͽͰͷ ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͼͽͪΒͪ͹ ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯ ͳͲͬͰͼ͸ͳ΀ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͽͪ΂ͪ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͰͷ͹ͭ;͸ͪΕͳ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͳͷͪͪͶͫͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ΀Β;ͱ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͼ;ͼͰͯͪ ;Ͳͼͻͺͼ͵ͳ
ͷ͹ͯͰͶ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͹;͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͷͼ;ͼͰͯͼͽͬ;
͇ͺͳͼͪ͸ͪͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰͷ͹ͻͪͶͪͯͪͳͲͬͻ΃ͳͳͲͬͰͼͽͪ͸;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͊ͻͫͳͳ̸Ͷͫͪ͸΁ͳ;ͺͰͻͳ͹
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΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͪͺͳͽͪΔͰΒͰͯͪͶͳͼͰͳ͹͸ͪͷ͹ͭ;ͫͪ΃ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳͲ;ͲͰͽͳ
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͊ͪͼͬͳͷΒͰͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͯͪͼ;͹͸ͳ;ͺͻͪͬ; ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͼͰͺ͹Βͪͷ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͻͰͯ;͵;ΒͰͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵;ͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͪ͵͹ͼͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͪͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ΃ͳͻͰ ͳ;ͼͬ͹Βͳͷͯͻ;ͭͳͷͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰͫͻ͹Β͸ͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͰ͹ͬ͹ͭ
ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪ ;ͭͶͪͭ͹Ͷͼ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͳͯͰͬͼ͵͹ΒͿ͹ͻͷͳ Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ ͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ͹ͷ
;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͹ ̈́Ͱͬͳͽ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ –
͋͹ ΂ͳ͸ͳ ͳ ΂;ͬͰ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͸ͪͯͼ͵ͳ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹ͭ
ͪͅͻ΃ͪͶͪͅ͵Ͷ;ͪ͸ ͺͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻͰ̈́Ͱͬͳͽͪ ;͸ͪͼͶ͹ͬ;ͼͬ͹ΒͰͲ͸ͪͷͰ͸ͳͽͰ͵ΔͳͭͰ͉ͪͽͳͷͳͻ;
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͼͰͶ;
;ͺͻͪͬ͹;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪͯͰΒͼͽͬ͹͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͷͪͽͻͪͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷͬͰͲͳͬ͸ͳͷ
ͽ͵ͳͬ͹ͷ ΁ͰͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͷͰͯͳΒͰ̓͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ ͳ͸ͪ΃ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳ͵͉ͪͯ͹ͷͳͻ̈́;͵ͳΕΒͰ;ͼͬ͹Β͹Β
͊͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳͷ͹ͻͪͶͪ
ͺ͹ͯͻ͹ͫ͸͹ͺͳͼͪ͹͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;t;ΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪi ΃ͽ͹ͫͳͲͪͺ
ͻͪͬ͹ͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸͹͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪͶ͹͸ͪͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͷΒͰͲͳ͵;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;͊ͪͷͺ͹Βͪͷ;ΒͰͯͳΔͪͬͪΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼ
ͽͬͪ̈́;͵ͳΕΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͹;ͼͬ͹ͷ;ΘͫͰ͸ͳ͵;ͳͲͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͯͪͶͰ͵Ͱͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱ͆ͪ΃ͪ͵ͪͯͰͷͳ͵ΒͰ
Β͹΃ͽͪͯͪ;͵ͪͲͳͬͪ͹ Ͳ͸ͪͽ͸͹ͺͻͰ͸Ͱͭ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͼ͵͹ͬͪ͸ ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪ͹ͺ΃ͽͪͳ
ͫͪͲͳ΂͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪͳͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͷͰΌ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͷͰΌ;ͼͬͳ΀ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ΀ͯͻ;΃
ͽͪͬͪ ͈͹ͺͳΕ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ

͌ ͺ͹ͭͶͰͯ; ͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ΒͰ ͼͪͼͬͳͷ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸͹ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͹
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹ΒͳΒͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ͹ ͽͰ͵͵ͻͪΒͰͷ͎͎ͬͰ͵ͪ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ͺͪͯͪ ̹ͰͻͶͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͲͳͯͪ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ;͎ͪͽ͹͸ ̻ͳͯͰ͸ͼ
ͼͽͻ
̹ͻ͹Β͸ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͶͪͱ;ͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;͵͹ΒͳΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͼͽͪͻ ͪͶͳͯͪΒͰͽͰ͵
͸Ͱͯͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͻͷͳ͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪ͸͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͽͻ̾ͶͰͲ͹ͬͳΕ
ͼͽͻͪͅ͸ͯͰͶͫͪ;ͷ ͼͽͻ 3PCFSUTPO ͼͽͻ–͎ͪͽͳͫ͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ$IV
NBLPW ͼͽͻ͑͹ͶͽͰ ͼͽͻ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕΒͰͼͪͼͬͳͷͽͪ΂͸͹
;ͽͬͻͯͳ͹ͯͪ ΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪt;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͳͽͻͪΒ͸͹ ͼͽͻͰͷΓͰΔͰ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪi ͈Ͱ΂;ΒͶͳΕ
ͼͽͻ
ͺͻͳ΂Ͱͷ; ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͽͻͰͫͪͳͷͪͽͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͯͪ ͹ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ͼͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͪ͹ͽ͹͵͹ͷ΂ͳͽͪͬͰΓ;ͯ
ͼ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁ͰͼΒͰ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͽͻͰ͸;΁ͳͷͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪ͹͸ͪͼ͸ͪͲͳ ͸ͪ;ͫͻͲͪΔ; ͵ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ
;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;
͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷͽͻͰ͸;΁ͳͷͪͫͳͬͪ͹;ͼͺ͹ͻͰ͸ ͺͪΒͰ΂ͪ͵ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͶ͹ͳ
ͯ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͿͻͪͭͷͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͪͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;΃ͽ͇ͪͬͪͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ
͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; Βͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯͪͼͰ͸ͪΔͰͭͪͷ͹ͱͰ;ͽͳ΁ͪͽͳ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ΔͳͷͰͼͰͷ͹ͱͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͽͳ
Ͳͪ΃ͽͪͯ͹ͫͻͰ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ ͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹ ͹͸ͯͪ͵ͪͯͪͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹ͷͰͯͳ΁ͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͷͪͼͺͰ͵ͽ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
»VWBLPWJǀ #BMKPØFWJǀ 0CSBEPWJǀ
͌ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔͰͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͳ͵ͪ͵͹
͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪΒͰͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͬͻͰͷͰͳͼͽͻͭ͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳͳ͹ͯͰ;͸Ͱ͵͹ͷ
ͯͻ;ͭ͹ͷͺͻͪͬ΁;ͳͶͳͯͪͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͬͰt͸͹ͬͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͻͳi͋ͪ͵͹ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͬͪͯͰͼͰͽͪ͵ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̸͊̽;;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ;ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͼ΁ͳΓͰͷ͵ͻͰͳͻͪΔͪ͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪͺ͹ͬ͹Γͳ
̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ ͳͷͪͷ͹ͼͶͪͫΓͰΔͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͰͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͵ͳ΀ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͉;ͼͳΒͪ ̓ͳ͸ͪ
͵͹ΒͰͺ͹΂ͳΔ;
͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͯͪ;ͽͳ΂;͸ͪ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ̸ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼ͹ͺͻͰͯͰΓ;Β;ͯͪͲͪͼͬ͹ͭ
ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵ͪͳͲͪͫͰͻ;͋ͻͪͷͺͪ ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͷͰͻͳͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͳͲ͹Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͬ͹
973
Β͹ͷͳ͸ͪͭ;ͻͪͶ͸͹ͷͺͻ͹͵Ͷͪͷͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷt̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪi 5SVNQ
ͽͪ͵͹ͳͯ͹͸͹΃ͰΔͰͷ͹ͯͶ;͵ͪ
͹ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΔ; ̸͊̽ͳͲͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀ͷ;ͶͽͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͺͪ΂ͪ͵ͳͳͲ͌͸Ͱͼ͵ͪ ͼͬͰͼ΁ͳΓͰͷͯͪ
Ͳͪ΃ͽͳͽͳ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁Ͱ͹ͯ ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͻͪͯ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͰͳͽͯ
3
͇ͼͳͷͽ͹ͭͪ ͳBrexit ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͺ͹ͽͬͻͯ;ͯͪͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͸ͳΒͰͫͪ΃ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹;ͺͻͪ
ͬΓͪͽͳ ͳͯͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͽ͹ͬͪ͸͹͵ͪ͹͸͹ͬͳͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
Ͳͷͪ͸ͪͳͶͪͲͳͳ͸ͪͫͻ͹Β͸Ͱ͹ͽͺ͹ͻͰ ͺ͹ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ;;ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰWPYQPQVMJ ;͵Γ;΂ͳ;͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ
͇ͬ͹ΒͰͳͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬ͹;ͳͷͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͰͶͳͽͰͷ͹ΕͳͿ͹ͻͼͳͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪͻͰ΃ͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳΒͰͼͺͻͰͷͪ͸ͯͪͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͳ͇ͽ;ͯͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪ͸ͳͯ͹͸Ͱͽ;ͼͽͪͬ̾͌ ΒͰͻͼ;ͼͰͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͳ͍ͻͪ͸
΁;ͼ͵Ͱͳ͎͹Ͷͪ͸ͯͳΒͰͽ͹ͷͰ;ͼͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͶͳͳͪ͵͹ͼ;ͬ͹ͯͰΕͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͳ͌̓ͫͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͳͼͽ;ͺͪΔͪͳͲ
̾͌ ͺ͹͵;΃ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͼͪͷ͹ͯͪͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭ;Β;͹ͬ;ͲͰͷΓ;;̾͌ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯΒͰ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳ͹ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͪͅΌͪͻͳͼ;ͼͰ
͸ͪͻͰͿͰͻͰ͸ͯ;ͷ;ͳͲΒͪͼ͸ͳͶͳͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ̾͌;ͬͰͲͳͼͷͳͭͻͪ͸ͽͳͷͪͳͽͯ̽ͪ͵ͶͰ ͳͪ͵͹ΒͰ
͸Ͱͼ;ͷΔͳͬ͹ͯͪͼ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺΓͪ͸ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͫͶͳͱͳΒͰͯ͸ͳͯͻ;ͭͳͷͪ͸Ͱͭ͹ͳ͵ͪͯͪ ͸ͳ͹͸ͳ͸ͳͼ;ͼͺͻͰͷ͸ͳͯͪ
ͺͻͰͺ;ͼͽͰ͹ͯͶ;΂ͳͬͪΔͰ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͳͳPͼ;ͯͫͳ͸ͳͼͬ͹Βͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ͸ͪͯ
͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͷͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͺͻͰͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͽͰ΀͸͹ͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͻͳ͸΁ͳ
ͺ;́ͪ͵͹ͼͰ͹ͽ͹ͷͰͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͪͼͺͻͪͬΓͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪ͸Ͱͷͪ
ͻͰͪͶ͸;ͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͭ; ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
͈ͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ;ΒͰ ͸ͪͻͪͬ͸͹ ͺͳͽͪΔͰͯͪͶͳͼͰ̾͌ͷ͹ͱͰͽͻͰͽͳͻͪͽͳ
͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͳͶͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸ͪ̽Ͱͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΒͰͯ͸ͪΒͰ͹ͯ͵ͪͻͪ͵
ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰΕͰ ͿͪͲͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͽ;ͻͫ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳ ΂Ͱͷ; ͼͰ ͸ͳ ͽͪΒ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͸ͳΒͰ
ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͷͫͻͲͳ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͬͳΒͪ͹;ͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ ͺ͹Ͷ;ͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͰͳͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͰ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ

ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻͱͪͬͪΒͰͼͽͬͪͻͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͳ͸ͼͳͼͽͳͻͪΔͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷ; ͵ͪ͹ͳͯͰΒ
͸͹Βͷͪͽͻͳ΁ͳ͵͹Β͹ͷͼͰ͹ͫͻͪͲͶͪͱͰͺͻͰ͸͹΃ͰΔͰ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͽͬ͹ͻͰ
ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͺͻ̾͌ ͍ͅͅͳͽͯ
ͪͶͳͳ͸ͪͼ;ͫ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͺͻͻͰͭͳ͹͸ͰͳͶͳ̺͇͆
͋͹ͺ͹ͽ
ͬͻΌ;ΒͰͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͊͹ͻ͹΃Ͱͬͪ͵;͵Δͪͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;tͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ ͪͶͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱͼ;
ͳͯͪΓͰ΂ͬͻͼͽ͹;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸Ͱ;ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ;ͯͻͱͪͬͪi ͊͹ͻ͹΃ ͼͽͻ
́ͯͰΒͪΒͰΒͪͼ͸ͪͽͻͰͫͪ
ͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͽͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ ͻͪͯͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͪͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͰͶͳͽͪͷ͹Εͳ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀ ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳ΀ ; ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ;
͸ͪ ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷ ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻ; ̀ͰͷΓͰ ̀ͪͽ͹ ͳ ͼͬͰ ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱ ͸ͺͻ ̾͌
͸Ͱ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪΒ; ͸ͪ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ ͬͰΕ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸͹ ͸ͪ ͽͰ΀͸͹ͫͳͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷ
͸ͪ΂ͰͶ;̈́ͪ͵΃ͰΒͰ;ͺͻͪͬΓͪͽͳ̓ͪ͹ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͪ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪͼͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳͲ͹Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲ
ͷͪ;ͷͰͻͳ;͵͹Β͹ΒΒͰͽ;ͳͯͰΒ;;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͽͳͳͲͪ͹͸Ͱͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͰ ͯͻͱͪͬͰ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͰ
͵͹ΒͳͳͷͪΒ;ͷ͹ΕͯͪΒͰ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰ ͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͽ;ͼͰͻͪͯͳ͹͸Ͱ͹ͳͲ͹Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ
Ͳͷ; ͵͹ΒͳͲͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͷͪ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͻͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͪ͵͹ΒͰͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͯͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͰ;ͻͪͲͶͳ΂ͳͽͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͯͫͳΒͪΒ;ΕͳͼͪͻͪͯΔ;ͳͷ;ͶͽͳͶͪͽͰͻͪͶ͸͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰ;͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳͷͪ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪt͸Ͱͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͼͼͰ͸ͳ΃ͽͪͳͲͬͪ͸͸ͪ΃ͰͲͰͷΓͰi ͬͰΕΒͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ
tͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͼͼͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͬͰͲͪ͸͹Ͳͪ͸ͪ΃;ͲͰͷΓ;ìͪͽ͹͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͻ;͵ͪ͋ͻͪͷͺ͹ͬͰͳͲͫ͹ͻ͸Ͱ͵ͪͷͺͪΔͰ
ͫͳͶͪt̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪͳͲͬͪ͸ͼͬͰͭͪi ͬͰΕt̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪi
3
͌ͭͶͰͯ͸ͳͻ;ͼ͵ͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭ̀ͳ͸ͪͳғͯͪ ͋ͳғ΀͹͸͹ͬ͸ͪ ̻͹ͶͰ͸͵͹ғͬͪ ͺͻͰ͹ͽͺͻͳͶͳ͵ͰΒͰͯ͸ͰͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͰͻͰ͵ͶͪΒͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻ;͹ͬ͹ͭ
΂Ͷͪ͸͵ͪͯͪΒͰ͸ͪͼ΁Ͱ͸ͳ͵ͳ͸ͰͲͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͪͶ;ͯͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͽͳͷͰͯͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵ ͯͪΒͰ̓ͳ͸ͪ
ͼͬͰͬͳ΃Ͱͽͪ͵͹Βͪ;ͼͷͰͻͪͬͪΔͰ͸͹͵ͻͰͽͪΔͰ͆Ͱͷͪͼ;ͷΔͰͯͪΒͰ͹ͬͪͽͰͲͪͯ͹ͫͳͶͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͬ͹Β;ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ΂͸;ͺ͹ͽͬͻͯ;.
974
͌ͬͰͲͳͼ͹ͬͳͷΒͰͳͺͳͽͪΔͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͇ͬͪΒͺ͹Βͪͷ͉͹Ͷͪ͸͉ͯ͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸ 3PCFSUTPO

ͺͻͰ;Ͳͳͷͪ͹ͯΒͪͺͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͪͳ;ͬ͹ͯͳͭͪ;ͼͬ͹Βͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͪͻͪͲͷͪͽͻͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
͢ͳͷͰ͹͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪͬͪ tͼͳͷ;Ͷͽͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͼͽ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸
΁ͳΒͪi ́ͼͽ͹
͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ; ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳ ͼͰͺ͹ΒͪͷͬͰͲ;ΒͰͲͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͺͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ
͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪtͳͼͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒͪ͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ;ΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ; ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ
ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ Ͳͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͸ͪͻ͹΂ͳͽ͹Ͳͪ;͵;ͼͰi ́ͼͽ͹
̸Ͷͳ ͹͸͹͸ͯͪͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ;͸ͳ
ͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳ ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭ ͵͹ͯ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͳ ͪ͠ͺͪ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;Β;Εͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ tͪ͠ͺͪ͸΁ͳ ͳͷͪΒ;
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸;ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽ;΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ;ͳͯͪͯ͹ͼͪͯͪ ͯ͹
͹ͬ͹ͭͽͻͰ͸;ͽ͵ͪ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͼ;ͬͪ͸ͽ͹ͭͪ– ͸ͰͷͪΒ;΃ͪ͸ͼͰ ΒͰͻ͸ͰͷͪΒ;͵͹͸΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒ; ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳ
ͼ͵͹ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͷͰΌ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭͳ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭi ́ͼͽ͹
͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸ΒͰ͹ͬͯͰ
ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ ; ͺͻͪͬ; ͼͬͰ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ; ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͪͻ͸; ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͯ ͸ͪͷͰͽͪΔͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭ
͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͪͱͳͬ͹ͽͪ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰt͆ͳͬͰͶͳͻͪΒ;ΕͰ͵Ͷͪͽ͸͹ͼͬͰͱͰ΃ΕͰͺͻͰͶͪͲͳͺͻͰ͵͹͹ͼ͹ͫͰ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵ͪ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰ
;ͼ͵ͶͪΌ;ΒͰ ͼͬͰ ͳ͸ͯͳͬͳͯ;ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͹ͼ͹ͫͳ͸Ͱ ͼͪ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷ ͽͪ΂͸ͳΒͰ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͪ͸ͭͶ͹ͼͪ͵ͼ͹͸ͼ͵ͳͷ ͼͽͪ
͸ͯͪͻͯͳͷͪi ͪͅͻ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ ͸ͪ ͹ͬͪΒ ͽͻͰ͸ͯ ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ ͳ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳΕ
ͺͶͰͯͳͻͪΒ;ΕͳͲͪt͸͹ͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͷͳ΃ΓͪΔͰͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͵͹Βͪͫͳ;ͰͻͳͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͪͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪͫͳ΃ͽͳͽͳͶͪͯ;΀͹ͬ͸ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͼͻͺͼ͵͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵
ͬͰͻ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ;
ΒͰͻ ͼͷ͹ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͼ;͹΂Ͱ͸ͳ ͼͪ ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͳͷ ͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵͹ͷ ͼ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹ͷ
Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͺ͹ͯͿͳͻͷ͹ͷͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͰͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰi ́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̽ͪΒͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ
͹ͻ;ΌͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰͳ̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͵ͪͯͪͷͰΌ; ΂Ͱͽͳͻͳ͹ͯͶ;΂;Β;Εͪͯ͹ͷͰ͸ͪͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ;͵͹ΒͳͷͪΒͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸ͪ ͺͻͬͪͽͻͳͼ; ͹ͬͳͷͻͰͯ͹ͷͬ͹Β͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͽͰ΀
͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ
;͵Γ;΂;ΒͰͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳ ͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;Β;Εͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͪ΃;ͽ͹ͷͯ͹ͷͰ͸; t;ͺͻ͵͹ͼ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷͽ;ͺͪͬ͹ͼ
ͽͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͰͯ;ΒͰ ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͫͰͲ ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ ͷͰΌ; ͷͶͪͯͳͷͪ ; ͼͬͰͽ;i ̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ
ͼͽͻ –
4 ͌ͺͻͪͬ͹ ΒͰ Ͳͪͽ͹ ͳ ;ͺ;ΕͰ͸͹ ;ͺ͹Ͳ͹ͻͰΔͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ t͸Ͱͷͪ ͳͲͫ͹ͻͪ ͹ͼͳͷ ͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͪ
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͽͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͳΒͰͽͪ– ͳͽ͹ΕͰͫͳͽͳͼͬͰͱͰ΃Εͳ– ͳͲͷͰΌ;͹͸ͳ΀͵͹Βͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ΃;ͷͰΌ;
͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͷͻͰͱͰͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ͽ͹͵͹ͬͪͳͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͼͬͳ΀͹͸ͳ΀ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͪ΁ͪ ͭͻ;
ͺͪ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͹ͼͰΕͪΒ; ͵ͪ͵͹ ͹ͬͪ͵ͬͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͺͻͰͽΔ; Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷ
ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ;i 5PVSBJOF ͼͽͻ

͇͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͷͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺͻͳͶͳ΂͸͹ͳͲͬͰͼ͸͹ΒͰͼͽͰͯͪͯͪ͸ͪͼ ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ;99*ͬͰ͵ͪ ΂ͳΒͪΒͰ
ͯͻ;ͭͪͯͰ΁Ͱ͸ͳΒͪ͸ͪͳͲͷͪ͵; ͽͰ΃͵͹ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͼͰͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Βͺ͹Βͪͬͳ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ
ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸ͪ͠͹΃ΒͰ͉ͳ΁Ͱͻ;ͽͬͻͯͳ͹ͯͪtͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͬͰͽͰͱͰ͸ͪΕͳͫͳͶ͹΃ͽͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;΃ͽ͹ ͸ͳΒͰ
ͯ͹ͽͪ͵͸;ͽ͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷi 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ
̹ͪ;ͷͪ͸ ΒͰ ͬͻͶ͹ ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸͹ ;ͽͬͻͯͳ͹ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͽ͹
Ͳͪͽ͹ ΃ͽ͹ tͯͪ ͫͳ ͷ͹Ε ͷ͹ͭͶͪ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹ ͽͰΕͳ ͸ͪ ͼͬͰͽ; ͸Ͱ ͼͷͰ ͫͳͽͳ ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ ;ͽͬͻΌͰ͸ͳ΀
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ ͳ ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͸ͳ΀ ͽͪ΂ͪ͵ͪi Bauman ͼͽͻ
͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;Β;Εͳ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ;ͺͻͪͬ͹
ͿͶ;ͳͯ͸͹ͼͽ tͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͳΒͪͷͼͽͬ͹iͼ͸ͪͭͰͳ͸Ͱͺ͹ͫͰͯͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͳ;͵ͪͲ;Β;Εͳ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;Ͳͪ
Δͳ΀ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹tͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹;͵͹ͻͰΔͰ͸Ͱ΂ͬͻͼͽͰͷͻͰͱͰiͺͻͰͺͻͰ͵Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͰͫͪ;͵Ͷ͹͸ͳͽͳ ́ͼͽ͹

͈ͳ΃;Εͳ͹ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΃ͽͬ; ͽͰͱΔͳͲͪͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽ͹ͷͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷ; ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ΒͰ;ͽͬͻͯͳ͹ͳ
4
̸;ͽ͹ͻ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͯͪΒͰͽͰͻͷͳ͸ ͺͻͳͬͶͪ΂͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹ΒͳΒͰ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ͹̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͼͪͷ͹ Ͱ;ͿͰͷͳͲͪͷͲͪ
ͳ͸ͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ; ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ͸Ͱ͸;ͯͳ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯ ͬͰΕ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸ͳ.
975
̀ͳ͸͹ͬΒͰͬ t͢Ͱͷ; ͼ; ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͳ ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ ͻ͹ͫͪ ͼͿͰͻͰ Ͳͪ ;ͶͪͭͪΔͰ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ
ΒͰͬͽͳ͸ͪͻͪͯ͸ͪͼ͸ͪͭͪ ͳͲͬ͹ͻͳͰ͸ͰͻͭͳΒͰ ͳͽ͹;ͼͬͰͬͰΕͰͷͼͽͰͺͰ͸;̸ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͹ͬ͹͸ͳͼ;ͫͰͲ
ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱ̀ͪ ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸ͪ΁ͰͶͪ ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪi ̀ͳ͸͹ͬΒͰͬ ͼͽͻ
̹Ͱ͵͸ͪͷΒͰ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;
Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͳ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳ tͺ͹͵ͪͲ;Β; ͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ͸; ͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒ; ͵ͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳi ̹Ͱ͵
ͼͽͻ
Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͯͰͷ͹͸ͼͽͻͳͻͪ͹͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͳͺͶͪ͸ͰͽͪͻͳͲ;Β; ͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲ;Β;t͇͸ͳͼͰͺͻ͹ͬͶͪ΂Ͱͳͼͺ͹ͯͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ͊ͪͯͻͱͪΒ͵ͳͼͰͶͳ͸Ͱ;ͬͪͲͯ;΀;͸Ͱ͸ͪͭͻͳͲͪͼͪͷ͹ͼ͵;Ͷͺ
ͽ;ͻͰ ͳ ;ͷͰͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͪ ͫͶͪͭͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹ ΒͰ ͬͰΕ ͹ͯͪͬ͸͹ ͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͹ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸Ͱ ΁ͪͻͳ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͰ ́ ;
̓ͪ͸ͪͯͳ ͼ; ΒͰͲͰͻͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͵ͳͼͰͶͪ ͪ ΃;ͷͰ ;ͷͳͻ; ΂ͪ͵ ͸ͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳͷ ͻ;ͫ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͊͵ͪ͸ͯͳ͸ͪͬͳΒͰi
́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͊ͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ ͳͪ͵͹ͼ;͹ͬͳͺͻͳͷͰͻͳͬͰ͹ͷͪͯ͹ͫͻͳ ͪͳͲͬͰͯͰ͸ͳͲͪ͵Γ;΂΁ͳ͸ͪ;΂͸͹
ͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͺ͹ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͳ ͷ͸͹ͭͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ͸Ͱ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶͳ΁ͳͻͪΒ; ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ; ͶͳͽͰͻͪͽ;ͻͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹
ͼ͸ͪͱ͸͹ͯͰͶ;ΒͰΔͳ΀͹ͬͪͷ͹Ε;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ͋ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰ ͼͶ;΂ͪΒͼ͋ͰͼͶͳ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹͸ͪͶͪͼ΁ͳͷͪ͸ͪͳͲͷͰ͸ͳ΂͸Ͱ
ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻͳ΂͸Ͱͼͽͻ;ΒͰͳͻͪͯͳ͹ͽͪͶͪͼͪ ͈;ͺͳ͸͹ͬͳͷ͵ͪͶͰͷͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳͼ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͳͶͳͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͼ͵;͵͹ͷ;
͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰͳ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ ͪͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͳ͹͸ͳͷ͵͹Βͳͼ;͸ͰͳͲͫͰͱ͸ͳ͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͹͹ͬ͹ΒͽͰͷͳͻͪͼ
ͺͻͪͬΓͪ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;͹ͽ͵ͻͳΕͰͽͰͶͰͬͳͲͳΒͰ ͷ͹ͫͳͶ͸ͰͽͰͶͰͿ͹͸ͳΒͰͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͪ ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰ͸Ͳͳͬͳͻͪ
Ͷͳͽ;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒ;ͳͽͯ͊ͬͰ͹ͬ͹ΒͰͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹͵ͪͽ͹ͷͰͯͪͼͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͳͺͻͰͯͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͠Ͱͻ
Γ;ͯͳͼ;ͼͪͲ͸ͪͬͪͶͳ͹͸͹͹΂Ͱͷ;Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͺͻͰ΁ͳ͸ͳͼ;͸ͳͼͪΔͪͶͳ́ͽͪͼͪͲ͸ͪΔͪͼ;ͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͪ
͸ͪΔͳ΀́͹ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͳͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹
͍͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ̓͹ͷͺΒ;ͽͰͻͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͰͼͰ
΂ͪ͵ͳ;͈ͰΕ͵͹ΒͺͪͽͻͳΒͪͻ΃ͳΒͳ
͑;ͬͪ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ
5
5
͍͹ͽ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒ;ΒͰͼ͸ͳͷͳ͹ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ;Β;͸; ͵ͪͯͪͼ;;΂Ͱͼ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͸ͪ;΂͸Ͱ͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ
t̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͯͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪi ͵͹Β;ͼ;͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͳ͍ͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ͌͸ͳͬͰͻͲͳͽͰͽͪ;͈ͻͳ΃
ͽͳ͸ͳ ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵ͪ ͅͳͽͻ͹ͬͳ΁ͪ ͊ͻͺͼ͵͹ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳ ́͸ͼͽͳͽ;ͽͲͪ ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͹ͳͲ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ
͹ͫͳͶͪͲͳͶͳͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͳͻͰ͸ͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬ;ͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͳ̽͹ͼͪͯͪΒͰ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͺ;ͽ ;͸ͪ΃͹Βͷ͹͸͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͳ
͵͹ΒͪͼͰͫͪͬͳͺͳͽͪΔͳͷͪͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ

̸͵͹ ͯͪ͵ͶͰ ;ͲͷͰͷ͹;͹ͫͲͳͻͯͪΒͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͬͰ͹ͷͪͷͪͶ͹– ͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹͸ͳͷͪͶ͹– ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ
͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹ΒͳͼͰ͹ͯͬͳΒͪΒ; ͪͯͪ͸ͳͼ;ͺ͹ͯ͸Ͱ͵ͳͷ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵ͪ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪ ͹͸ͯͪ͸ͪͷͼͰ
΂ͳ͸ͳͯͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹– ;Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ;ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹– ͭ;ͫͳͽͻ͵;
̽ͻ;ͭͳͷͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͵ͪ͹͹ͺ͹ͲͳͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ΒͪͬΓͪͼͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͋͹ΒͰ͸͹ͬͳ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹Όͪ
ͬͪΔͰ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͺͻͪ͵ͼͪͷͪ ̓ͪ͵͹ ͳ ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸ ͳͼͽͳ΂Ͱ ͺͻͳͶͳ͵͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͼͽͻ;͵΁ͳΒͰ
ͽͰͻͷͳ͸ͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ;ͲͰ͹ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͺͻͰͷͳͼ;ͽ͹tͯͪͻͰ΂ͳͳͷͪΒ;ͼ͸ͪͭ;ͯͪͷͰΔͪΒ;ͼͬͰͽi 3PCFSUTPO
ͼͽͻ
ͅ͹ͱͯͪͽͪͻͰ΂͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͳͶͪͼͬͰͽ ͪͶͳΒͰͼͬͪ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͯͻͪͲͳͶͪͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͼ͵;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;
͵͹ΒͪͼͰͯ͹ͭ͹ͯͳͶͪ; ͼͬͰͽ;́ͪ͵͹͉ͳ΁Ͱͻͭͻͪͯͳͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳ͹ͭͻ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ HSPCBMJ[BUJPO

ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯΔͳ͹ͫͶͳ͵͹͸͹ͭͪ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͳͼͽͻͪΒ͸ͳΒͰ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷt͋͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͯͪ
ͫͳͽ͸ͳ͹ͼͽͪ΁ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͹ͼͽͪΒ;;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͷi 3JU[FS ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͸ͰͽͻͰͫͪͲͪͫ͹ͻͪͬͳ
ͽͳ͸ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͫͰͽͰ͸ͯͰ͸΁ͳΒͰ͵͹Β;ΒͰ͉͹ͫͰͻͽͼ͹͸ͳͲͻͪͲͳ͹͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹͋ͪ͵͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͫͳ
ͼͰͷ͹ͭͶͪͳͲͻͪͲͳͽͳͳ ͵ͪ͹Ͷ͹͵ͫͪͶ͸͹̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͳͶͳͶ͹͵ͫͪͶ͸͹ ΒͰͼͽͰ ; ͽͪ͵ͬ͹ͷ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ;
ͼͪͷ͹ ͷͰͻͪ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ͸͹ ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͭ ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͳͶͳ
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͺͻͰ΁ͳͲ͸ͳΒͰͯͬͰ͵ͻͪΒΔͰͽͪ΂͵ͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;;ͷͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͯ͹΃ͪ͹͸ͪͷͰͼͽ͹
Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭͅ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͳͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͪͷ͹ͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͳͽͳͺ͹ͬͳ ͪͯͪͼ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͳ
Ͷ͹͵ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸Ͱ ͷͰͻͰ ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͬͳ΀ ͳͯͰͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͽͳͺ͹ͬͪ ; ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹Β ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ
͊Ͱͷ ͽ͹ͭͪ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹–ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹–Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹–Ͷ͹͵ͫͪͶ͸͹ ͷ͹ͻͪ ͼͰ
ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͽͳ;ͼͬ͹ͷͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΔ;́ͲͭͶͰͯͪͶ͹ΒͰͯͪΒͰ͸ͺͻͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹
΀ͳΒͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͯͪͫͳͺ͹ͽ͹ͷͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹;ͽ͹ΒͷͰͻͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͪ͸ͯͪͭ͹ͽ͹ͬ͹ͯͪ͸ͰͷͪͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ
ΔͳͷͰ͸ͳΒͰͫͪͬͳͶͪͳͶͳͼͰΔͳͷͰ͸Ͱͫͪͬͳ7 ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶ͹ͼͰͯͪΒͰͽͲͬ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͼͶ;΂ͪΒ ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;ͶͪͻͳͽͰͽ
ͪͳͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹ͼͰͯͪͼ;;ͺͻͪͬ;ͫͳͶͳ ͹͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͽͬͻͯͳͶͳͯͪ
ͼ;͸͹ͻͷͰͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸Ͱ ͹ͫͪͬͰͲ;Β;ΕͰͲͪͼͬͰͳͯͪΕͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͯͶ͹
ͭͪͲͪͼͬͰͼͰͺͪͻͪͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͰ;ͼͬͰͽ; 9 ͆Ͱͷͪͫ͹ΓͰͺ͹ͽͬͻͯͰͯͪΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͫͳͶ͹ͽͪ΂͸͹͹ͯͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͪ
ͼͰ΁ͰͼͳΒͰ̓ͪͽͪͶ͹͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯ͑ͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ́Ͳ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͼͰΒͪͼ͸͹ͬͳͯͳͯͪΒͰΒͰͯ͸͹ͺͳͽͪΔͰ͵͹ΒͰΒͰͫͳͶ͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹
͸ͪΒͺͻͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͪͶͳ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͺ͹͵;΃ͪ͸͹ͯͪͼͰ͹͸͹ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬͳ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ͯͪ͵ͶͰͺͪͻͽͳ
͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ ͸ͪΒͬͳ΃Ͱ͵ͪ͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ 10 ͳͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶ͹ͼͰͯͪͽͪ͵ͪͬͼͶ;΂ͪΒͯͰͶ;ΒͰͶ͹͵ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ
ͯͻ;ͭͰͼͶͳ΂͸ͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒͰͬͰ; ͼͬͰͽ; ;ͽͳ΂;Εͳ͸ͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͼͷͪͽͻͪͶ͹;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͷ͸͹ͻͷ͹ͷ11
́ͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;͹ͬ;ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸;͵͹ΒͪΒͰ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͳͶͪ;ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽ; ͷ͹ͻͪͷ͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͷ͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͷ͹ͱͰ Ͷͳ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͸ͪ;͵ͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͯͻͱͳ ͳͼ͵Γ;΂ͳͬ͹ ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͹͵ͬͳͻͪ
͇ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻΒͰ͸Ͱͭͪͽͳͬͪ͸t̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳͳͲͭͻͪΌͰ͸ͪ͸ͪͯͳΒͪͶ͹ͭ;ͳͲͷͰΌ;ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;
Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹͹͸ͳ΀ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͳͲͪͲͬͪ͸Ͱͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͳͷͪ ͪͶͳ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹
Δͳͷͪ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͽ͹ͷͰ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͹ͼͶ;΃͵;ΒͰ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͰ ͪͶͳ ͳ ͯͪ ͯͪΒͰ ͭͶͪͼ

t;͸;ͽͻͪ΃ΔͰͺͳͽͪΔͰ͊ͻͫͳΒͰͳ͠;ͭ͹ͼͶͪͬͳΒͰi
7
tͺͳͽͪΔͰͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͰͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁Ͱi

͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͼͽͪͬͼ;Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪͶͰ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷͲͰͷΓͰ̀ͪͺͪͯͪͳ͹͸Ͱ͵͹ΒͰͼͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰ;Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Β͹ͻͫͳͽͳ͵ͪ͹
ͼͪͽͰͶͳͽͳ.
9
͇ͬͪ͵ͪͬͼͽͪͬͼ;Ͳͪ;ͲͰͶͰ͉;ͼͳΒͪͳ̓ͳ͸ͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ͹͸ͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͳͼ;ͺͻͳͲ͸ͪͶͰͽͲͬ͵͹ͼ͹ͬͼ͵;͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ
10
tͅͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪΒͰ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸ͳͼͪͶͪͻͪͯͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳi ͵ͪ͵͹ͼ;
ͽͪͯͪͽͬͻͯͳͶͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ̸͇͆͋ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͼͺ͹͸Ͳ͹ͻͳ͹ͬͰt͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳi
11
͈ͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͷͰΔͳͬ͹ͼͽͳͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͪ.
977
ͳͼ͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸ͳͷͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͼͽ͹ͭͪ͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͬͰΕͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ;
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͺͻͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒ;ΕͳͷFͼͽ͹ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ͵ͪ͹͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ͵ͪ;ͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͪͻ͸͹ͷ͵͹͸ͽͰ͵ͼͽ;̸Ͷͳ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹
Ͷ͹Ͳͳ͸ͰͷͪΒ;ͷͰͼͽ͹ͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͺͶͪ͸Ͱͽͳ ͬͰΕͳ;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳ͊;͵΁ͰͼͳΒͪͽͪͶͪͼͪͯ͹ͬͰͶͪΒͰͯ͹ͼ;͵΁ͰͼͳΒͰ
ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰ – ͹͸Ͱ ͸ͪ ͲͪΒͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͪͷͪ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͯͻͱͪͬ͹΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͳ΂͸Ͱ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ́ͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͰ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹͵ͻͰͽͪ ΒͰͽͪ͵͹ΌͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂͸͹i #VSBXPZ ͼͽͻ
͇ͯͻͰΌ;Β;ΕͳͯͪΓͰ ΂ͳͷͰͫͳ
ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͼͰͫͪͬͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ̹;ͻͪͬ͹Β͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͹͸ͪͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ͯͪͫ;ͯͰͳͼ͹΁ͳ
͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͲͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͫͻͪ͸ͰΕͳͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ;΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ;͹ͯ͸͹ͼ;ͺͻͰͷͪͽͻͱͳ΃͸͹ͷͿ;͸ͯͪ
ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶͳͲͷ; ΃ͽ͹ΒͰͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͶͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳͼͬ͹Β;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒ; #VSBXPZ ͼͽͻ
͇ͬ͹Βͪͼ͸͹
;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰ͸ͪͪ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵;͵͹ͷͺ͹͸Ͱ͸ͽ;͵͹Β;ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪͽͻͰͫͪͯͪ ͳͭͻͪ;ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͷͰ
͸ͪͷͪ
́ͲͼͬͰͭͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͪͼͶͰͯͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ͪ
͆ͪΒͺͻͰ ͬͪͱ͸͹ΒͰͼ΀ͬͪͽͳͽͳͯͪͭͶ͹͵ͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪͼͬͪͺ͹ͯͻ;΂Βͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͱ͵͹
͸͹ͷͳΒ;́ͼͽ͹ͬͪͱͳͳͲͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪ ͼͰ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͼͬͰͼͽͳ ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͳ tͳͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͭͯͰ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰͲͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;͹ͼ͸͹ͬ͸Ͱ;ͼͶ͹ͬͰͺ͹ͯ͵͹Βͳͷͪ
͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ͯͪ͹ͺͽͳͷͳͲ;Β;ͼͬ͹ΒͰ΁ͳΓͰͬͰi #FDL ͼͽͻ

̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;ͳͲ͹Ͷ͹ͬͪ͸͹ ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸͹ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹;ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͷͲ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ; ͸ͪͺͻͪͭ;ΒͰ
ͳ΃΂ͰͲ͸;Εͪ
͋͹΃ͽ͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͳ΃΂ͰͲͪͬͪͺͻͰͯ͸ͪ΃ͳͷ͹΂ͳͷͪ ͸ͰͲ͸ͪ΂ͳͳͯͪͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͺͻͰͼͽͪΒͰͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ
͹͸͹ͼͰͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͳ΃Ͱ̈́͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͯͻ;ͭͰ ͸͹ͬͰ͹ͫͶͳ͵ͰͳͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ ͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͼͪͯͻͱͪΒ͸Ͱͭ͹
΃ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͳͷͪͶ͹͵ͪͯͪͼͰ͸ͪ΃ͪͭͰ͸Ͱͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͻ͹ͯͳͶͪͳ͵ͪͯͪͼ;ͱͳͬͰͶͳ͸ͪ΃ͳͺͻͰ΁ͳ̽ͻͱͪͬͪΒͰͳͷͪͶͪ
ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͪ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ΒͰ ΔͰ͸ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸12 ͪͶͳ ͼͰ ͳͲ ͽ͹ͭ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͪ
ͻͪΌͪΒ;͸͹ͬͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ ͽͪ͵͹ΌͰ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸͈ͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͳΒͰͺͻͰͼͽͪͶͪͯͪ
ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͇͸ͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ;͸͹ͬͳͷ͹ͫͶͳ΁ͳͷͪ ͺ͹ͽͬͻΌ;Β;Εͳͽͪ͵͹ͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͼͽͳ΂͵;ͽͰͲ;͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳ΂
͸͹ͼͽͳ ͆ͪ΃ͪ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͬͰͻͪ ΒͰͲͳ͵ ͺ͹ͯͶ͹ͱ͸ͳ ͼ; ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͳͲͬͪ͸ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ΃ͽ͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͺͻͪ͵ͽͳ͵͹ͬͪΔͰ̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼͰͲͫͳͬͪ;ͺͻͪ͵ͼͳ ͭͯͰͼͰ
;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹͹ͽͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ;ΒͰ͵ͻ͹Ͳͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ ͯͰͶͳͷͳ΂͸͹ͼͰͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΒ;Εͳͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸͹ͷ
̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͯͪͫͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͶ͹;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͯ͹Β;΂Ͱͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ
͸ͳͷ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸͹ ͪͶͳͳ;ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;
͋ͳͷͰͼͰͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͷͰΔͪ ͯ͹ͳ΃΂ͰͲ͸;
Ε̸ͪͶͳ;ͽ͹Βͽͻͪ͸ͼͿ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͳͶͳ͵ͻ͹ͲΔ; ͹͸͹;ͽͳ΂Ͱͳ͸ͪ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ ͷͰΔͪΒ;Εͳͭͪͼ͸ͪͭ͹ͷ
ͼͬ͹ͭ ͯͰΒͼͽͬͪ ̈́͹͵ͫͪͶ͸͹ ΒͰ ͬͰΕͪ ͷͰͻͪ ͽ͹ͭ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ΌͪͬͪΔͪ ͵͹Βͪ ; ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳͷ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͷ͹ͱͰ
Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͪΒ͸͹ͯͪ;ͽͳ΂Ͱ͸ͪͷͰΔͪΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͭ
̻Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͫͪͶ͸͹ͼͰͺͻ͹ͱͳͷͪΒ; ͹ͫͪ
12
̀ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͽͰͽ ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͳͯͻͱͪͬͰͳͺͻͪͬͪͯͪͬ͸͹ͻͪͲΒͪ΃ΔͰ͸͹
ͺͳͽͪΔͰ ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ͺ͹Βͪͷ ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͼͷͳͼͶ; Ͳͪͺͻͪͬ͹ ͼͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ; Ͳ͸ͪ΂ͰΔ; ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸Ͱ
ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪ͵͹͹ͯͼͺ͹Γͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͬͪͱͰΕͳͷ͸͹ͻͷͪͷͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͺͻͪͬͪ
ͳ ͸ͪͯͶͰͱ͸͹ͼͽͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͰ ΒͰͯͻͱͪͬͪ ͺͻͰ͸ͰͶͪ ͸ͪ ͸ͪͯ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ ͽͬ͹ͻͰͬͳ͸Ͱ
ͽͪ͵͹ ͳ ͳͲ ;͸;ͽͻͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹ΒͰͷ ͳ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪΔͰͷ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;͸ͪͼͰͫͰͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͰͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰQBS
excellence ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͸Ͱͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳͷͿ;͸͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͵ͪͬΒͰ͸ͺͻͼͶ;΂ͪΒͲͪͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͹ͷΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻͪͬͪ΃ͽ͹ͼ;͸ͪͼͰͫͰ
ͺͻͰ;ͲͰͶͰ͸Ͱ͵Ͱ̺͇͆
.

ͳͲͻͪͱͪͬͪΒ; ͷͰͻ; ͵͹ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹͸ͽͳ͸;;ͷ ͸ͪ ͵͹ͷͰ ͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ ͷͰͻͳͽͳ ͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸͹ͼͽ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ
͸͹ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ
͈ͳ΃;Εͳ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Βͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ̹;ͻͪͬ͹Β ;͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯͪ͹͸ͪ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱ ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͼͳ͸ͯͳ͵ͪͽͰ ̺͇͆ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁;
ͪͶͳ ͼͪ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͯͪ ͹͸ͪ ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ ͳ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵; ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ; ͵͹Βͪ ͽͻͰͫͪ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͫͪͬͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷ ΁ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͭ
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬ; ͯͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ͸ͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰͳͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ;;͹ͺ΃ͽͰͳͽ͈ͯͻͰͬͪ
ͲͳͶͪͱͰΔͰ ͽͰͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂ͰΔͰ ͹ ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬ; ͼͳͶͪ ; ͸ͪ΃Ͱͷ ͬͻͰͷͰ͸; ͺͳͼͪ͹
̹ͪ;ͷͪ͸ ͹ͷ͹ͭ;Ε;ΒͰΒͪͼ͸ͳΒͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͭͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͵͹ΒͰͬͳ΃Ͱ͸Ͱͷ͹ͱͰͷ͹ͼͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹
ͳͲͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪΔͪ;͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸͹ΒͼͻͰͯͳ͸ͳ ͸Ͱ;ͲͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;͹ͫͲͳͻ
;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͳͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹̸͵͹ ΒͰ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͸ͪΒ͹ͺ΃ͽͳΒͪ͸ͪ;͵ͪ͹
ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ; ͹͸ͯͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪΒͰͼͽͰ͸͹ͬͺͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͽͼ͵ͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ͵͹ΒͳͺͰͻ΁ͳͺͳͻͪ΂ͳΔͰ
͸ͳ΁;͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪͳͯͳΒͪͶͰ͵ͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͪ͵ͪ͵͹ͽ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ;͸ͪͼͽͪ
ΒͪΔ;͸ͪͺͪͻͽͳ͵;Ͷͪͻ͸ͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͳ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͺͪͻͽͳ͵;ͶͪͻͳͽͰͽͪ ͳ͸͹ͬͳ΀ͺͪͻͽͳ͵;ͶͪͻͳͽͰͽͪ ͹͸ͳ΀
;͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔ;
͸ͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;͸ͪͼͽͪΒͪΔ;
̸̸͉͉̈́́͋̾͋͌
#BVNBO ;

5FLVǀBNPEFSOPTU;BHSFC1FMBHP
#FDL 6
8IBU*T(MPCBMJ[BUJPO $BNCSJEHF1PMJUZ1SFTT
̹Ͱ͵ ͌
͉ͳͲͳ΂͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;ͼ;ͼͻͰͽ͸͹ͬ͹Βͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͳ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯt͍ͳͶͳͺ̺ͳ΃ΔͳΕi
#VSBXPZ .
t'BDJOH BO VOFRVBM XPSME 1SFTJEFOUJBM BEESFTTi $VSSFOU 4PDJPMPHZ 7PM

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t̸͵ͪͯͰͷͳ͵͉ͪͯ͹ͷͳͻ̽̈́;͵ͳΕ– ͺͻͰͽͰ΂ͪͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳ
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͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͺͪͻͽͳΒͰ ͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͳ ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ ͋ͻͰΕͳ
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ͫͳͬ΃ͰͭΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪi ;͚̿;ͻͳΕ ̓ͅ͸ͰͱͰͬͳΕ ͠ͅ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͺͻͳͻ
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̸̸͉̻͉̺̽͌͐́́͊̾̽͊͋́͠ͅͅi2
̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̽ͪ͸ͪͼͪͺ͹Ͷ͹ͭͰͽͰͳͺͻͳͼͽͪͶͳ΁ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͻͪͲ;ͷͰΒ;͵ͪ͹ͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͬͻͰͷͰͳͶ͹ͭͳ͵;
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ͵͹Βͳ͹ͫͰΕͪͬͪΒ;tͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͳͺ͹ͽͻͪͭ;ͲͪͼͻͰΕ͹ͷi ΂ͳΒͰͫͶͪͭ͹ͯͰͽͳ;ͱͳͬͪΒ;
ͲͰͷΓͰͼͪtͼͽͪͻͳͷͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͷìͪͺͪͯͪͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰ΀͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͶ;ͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͪ ͳͶ;͵ͪͬ͹΃Ε;Γ;ͯͳ
͵͹Βͳͼͽ͹ΒͰͳͲͪͽ͹ͭͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ;͵͹ͷͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸ͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ΃ͳͻͰΔ;ͳͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ

͸Ͱ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͬ͹Βͪ΂ͪ ͫͰͲͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͲͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͺͳͽͪΔͪͻͪͯͪͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͪ͹΂ͳ
ͭͶͰͯ͸͹͹ͼͽͪΒ;;ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ΒͼͰ͸΁ͳͫ͹ͻͫͰͲͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͼͽͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͭͯͰ͹ͬͳ
ͯͻ;ͭͳͻͪͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͵Ͱ́ͭͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ͸͹ͬͪ ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͼͽͪͻͪΒͰ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͳͷͺͰ
ͻͳΒͪ tͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹i ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ Ͷͪͱ͸ͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳ ͳͲ͸;ΌͳͬͪΔͪ
ͺ͹ͯͷͳΕͳͬͪΔͪ ͼͰ͵ͼͳ;ͫͳͼͽͬͪ ͸ͪͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͳ ͷͻͰͱͪͯ;ͭ͹ͬͪ ͬͰͻͪ;͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͪͷͳͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒ; ͼ;΃
ͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ ͲͶ͹ ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͼͽͳ ͉Ͱ΂ ΒͰ ͹ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͷ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷ; ͵͹Βͳ ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ Βͪͬ͸͹ ͳ
͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͪ ͪͶͽͻ;ͳͲͪͷ ͳ ͯͳͬͪ͸ ΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸ͳ ͻͪͯ ͺͻͰͯͪΒͰ ͹ ΂;ͯͳͷͪ ͷͪ͵ͻ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͸ͪ
Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽͳͷ͎ͪͪͻͬͪͻͯͪ ͐ͳ͵ͪͭͪ ͊ͪ͸ͽͳΒͪͭͪ ͪͶͳͳ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͈ͻͳ΃ͽͳ͸Ͱ͉Ͱͽ͵͹ͼͰͺͻͳͫͰ
ͭͪͬͪ͸ͰͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳͷͻͪͯΔͪͷͪ ΒͰͻͼͳͼͽͰͷΒͰͺ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳͶͰͭͳͽͳͷͪ͸͵͹ͷͫͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͲͪͬ͹ΌͰΔͪ
ͳͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͷͪ͸ͳͺ;ͶͳͼͪΔͪͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͵͹Βͳͺ͹ͽ͵ͻͰͺΓ;Β;͸ͪͼͽ͹ΒͪΔͪͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ͊;ͺͽͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͰͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ ΂;ͯ͸ͰͷͰ΃ͪͬͳ͸Ͱͯ;΀ͪͳ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ ͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͻͰͯͼͽͪ
ͬͪͳ͵͹͸͵;ͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;͵͹ͷͰΒͰ͊ͳͶͳ΁ͳΒ;ͷͼ͵ͪͯ͹Ͷͳ͸ͪtͳͼͽ;ͻͰ͸͹͹ͯͰΓͰΔͰ͈Ͱ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͪiͳͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͭͶ͹
ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͪͻo΂ͳͽ͹ͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸ͰͽͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͻͪͷͳͶͪͫͳͼͽͪͻͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͫͳͳ͹͸ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼ
ͯͰͶ͹ͬͪͶͳͺͪͻͪ͸͹ͳ΂͸͹
͊ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰ͸ͪͷͰͻͪ͹ͬ͹ͭͻͪͯͪͯͪ;͵ͪͱͰͯͪͷͳͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼͷ͹͵ͶͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͶͳ͵͹͸΁Ͱͻ͸ͪ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͬͰΕΔͰ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ
͉̓͌͐͆̾̾͐́͡ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͯͻ;͵΂ͳΒͪͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΂Ͱ͸
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͇́̈́́͠ͅ͏̸͇̺͑͌͋́ͣͅ: ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͶͳt͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪi
ͅ͹ͭͪ͹ͫͳ΀ͽͳͺ͹ͷͰ͸;ͽͳͫͳͬ΃Ͱͭ͵͹͸Ͳ;Ͷͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͻ͹ͫ
ΒͰͯ͸ͰͼͽͪͻͰͱͰ͸Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪΕ;ͽͳͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͪ΃ͪ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͽ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͷͶͪͯ͹ΒͼͶ;΃͵ͳΔͳ΁ͳ ͺ͹͵ͪͲͪΕ;ͽͳ͸ͪΒ;ͭͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͰ
ͷͶͪͯͳΕͰ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͳͫͪͶͰͻͳ͸ͪ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͼͻͪͷ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͯͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͭͻ͹ͺͼͽͬͪ
̸̈́͊Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͪ
̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͵ͪͲͪ͹͸ͪΒͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͳΒͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͼͽͻͪͼͪ͸͆Ͱͷͪ΁ͪͅ͵ͼ̺ͰͫͰͻ 7FCFS ͼͽͻ

͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;;ͬͰ͵ͺ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ͼ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͳ΃ͽͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͼͺ͹Γ͸;ͬͰΕͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
͵;;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ
͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ͸͹ͫͳͽͳ͹ͫ;Εͪͻ ΃;ͼͽͰͻ
ͯͪͫͳͼͽͰͼͪͲ͸ͪͶͳͯͪͬͪͼͱ;Γͪ΁ͳͺͰͶͪ ͸ͳͽͳΒͰ
ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͸;ͱ͸͹ ͫͳͽͳ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻ ͯͪ ͫͳͼͽͰ ͹ͼͰͽͳͶͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͸ͪͼ ͱ;Γͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͋Ͱ΃͵͹Εͪ͸ͰͶͰͱͳ;͸͹ͬͳͷͳͯͰΒͪͷͪ ͬͰΕ ; ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺͳͼͪ͹ͦ͹͸ͪͅΒ͸ͪͻͯ̓ͰΒ͸ͼ ΂;ͬͪͻ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ
΂͵Ͱ ΁ͳͬͳͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ tͰͶͳͽͪͰͶͳͽͰ;ͰͶͳͽͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹Β̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͳΒͳͼͬ͹ͭͪͯ͹ͫͪi ̺́;Βͪ΂ͳΕ
ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͇ͺ΃
ͽͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪͷͪͽͰ ͳ ͸͹ͬ΁ͪ ,FKOT ͼͽͻ
t͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͪΔ;ͼͽͪͻͳ΀ ͵͹ΒͰͺͻ͹
ͱͳͷͪΒ; ͼͬͪ͵ͳ ͯͰͶͳΕ ;ͷͪ ͹͸ͳ΀ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͬͪͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͬͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͸ͪͼi ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ͸ͪͼ ͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳΕ; ͼͰ
ͻͰ΂ͳͷͪ ͪͻͳͼͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͵͹͸ͲͰͻͬͪͽͳͬ͸͹ͭ ͵ͻͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͦ͹ͲͰͿͪ ͯͰ ͅͰͼͽͻͪ
%F.FTUS ͼͽͻ
ͬͻͶ͹ͫ͹Ͷ͸͹ͳtͺͻͪͬͰͯ͸͹ͷͰΓ;<>ͷͰΓ;͸ͪͼͼͪͷ͹Ͳͪͽ͹ͯͪͫͳ͸ͪͼͺͻ͹
ͷͰ΃ͪͶͳi ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ tͶ͹͸΁; Ͳͪ ͽ͹ͺΓͰΔͰi ͯͪ ͸Ͱ ͵ͪͱͰͷ tͯͪͬΓͰΔͰi ͯͻͱͰΕͳ ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰͷ
ͫͻ͹Β;Γ;ͯͳͬ͹ͯ;ͯ͹;΃ͳΒ; ͵ͪ͹͹ͫͶͳ͵͵͹ͷͰͻ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳͳͲͬ͹ͻͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ
͋ͪ͵͹ ͵ͪͯͪͫͳͼͷ͹ͫͳͶͳ;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳͯͪ;ͺͳͽͪͷ͹ͻͳͫ;͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͱͳͬͰͽͳ͸ͪͯ͸;ͷ͹ͻͪ ͸ͪΒͬͰͻ͹
ͬͪͽ͸ͳΒͰͯͪͫͳͳͲ͹ͼͽͪͬͳͶͪͯͪ͵ͪͱͰ͵ͪ͵͹ΒͰͬͰ͹ͷͪͷ͹͵ͻ͹ ͎ͳͽ ͈͹ͽͰͻ ͼͽͻ
͆ͪͽͪΒ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸
͸ͪͷ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ ͳ ͸ͪΒ;ͺͰ΂ͪͽΓͳͬͳΒͰ ͵ͪͻͪ͵ͽͰͻͳͼͽͳ͵Ͱ ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰΔͪ ͺͻ͹ͷͪ͵͸; ΒͰͻ ͼ; ͼͬͰͺͻͳͼ;ͽ͸Ͱ
͆ͪ΃ͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸ͳͼ͵Ͷ͹ͺΒͰ͸ͪΒͰͯͪ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ͳͼͽͳ ͪ͸Ͱ͵ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͽ͹Ͷͳ
͵͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸Ͱͳͺͻͳ΀ͬͪΕͰ͸Ͱͯͪ͸ͪͷͺͻ͹ͷͪ͵͸ͰͯͪͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͷ͹ͯͪͼ; ͹͸Ͱ ;ͼͽͬͪͻͳ
ͼͪͷ͹ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͊ͬ;ͯͪ͹͵͹͸ͪͼΒͰ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͬͰͻͲ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ͇͹ͬ͹ͷͺ͹Βͷ;ͼͰͯ͹ͼͽͪͺ͹ͶͰͷͳͼͪͶ͹ͳ
ͷ͸͹ͭ͹ΒͰ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵͹ͬͪ͸ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͭͪͷ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΁ͳͳͲͫͰͭͪͬͪΒ; ͬͰͻ;Β;ΕͳͯͪͫͳͫͳͶ͹ͫ͹ΓͰͯͪͼͰ͹ͯ;
ͼͽͪ͸Ͱ ͹ͯ ΔͰͭ͹ͬͰ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ ͹ ͽͻͱͳ΃͸͹Β ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͳ ̓͹͵ͪ ͼͽͻ
́ͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ
΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͼͰ ͳͲͬͻΕ; ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͰ Ͳͪͷͪͼ͵ͳͻͪ͹ ͺͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͪΒ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ; ͵͹Βͳͷͪ ΒͰ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͫͳ͹tͫͳͽͳ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͹ͳͯͳ͹ͽi ͐ͪ͸ͭ ͼͽͻ
̓ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷΒͰͺͻͰ
ͽͬ͹ͻͳ͹ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸΁Ͱ;ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂Ͱ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳͫͳͶͳͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͳͼͪ͸ͳ;ͼͶ;ͱͫͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ͵͹͸͵ͻͰͽ͸Ͱ΀͹ͷ͹
ͭͰ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬͰͽͪ ͭͯͰt΃ͳͻͰΔͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͭͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͺ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͳ͸͹͸ͳͷ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ͵ͪ
΁ͳͬͳͶ͸ͳͷͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͪͷͪi ͻͪΌͪΔͰͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͺ͹ͯ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒͰͷtͽͰ΀͸͹ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵Ͱ
ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰi ΂ͳΒͳͼ;ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͽ͹ͻͳ͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸Ͱ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ̽ͻͱͪͬͰ ͵ͪ͹tͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳiͳtͺͻͬ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹;ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͳi ͑͹ͫͰͳͪͅͻͽͰ͸ ͼͽͻ
̓͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͰ
ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͰ ͸ͪͺ;΃ͽͰ͸ͪ ΒͰ tͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͭ ͽͳͺͪi ͵͹Βͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ ͬͳ΃Ͱ
͸ͳΒͰͳͼͺͶͪͽͳͬͪͷͰͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷͪͷͪ ΂ͳΒͳͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͳͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶ΁ͳ͸ͰͽͻͪͱͰͯͰͼͰͽ͵͹ͬͪΔͰͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃
ͽͬͪ ͬͰΕͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ΀tͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪi ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͼͺ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷͪ ͍ͪ͸͹͸

ͼͽͻ
;Ͳ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;͸ͪΒͯͰͶ͹ͽͬ͹ͻ͸ͳΒͰͺͻ͹ͺͪͭͪ͸ͯͰ ͺ͹͵͹Β͹Β ͺͻͰͷͪͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳ tͼ;ͫΒͰ͵ͪͽͼͰ͵ͻͰΕͰ
;ͺͻͪͬ΁;;͵͹ͷͰͬͳͱͰͶͳͽͰ ͳͲͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͲͪ͵͹ΒͳͬͰͻ;ΒͰͯͪͼ;ΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳi ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͼͪͼͽͪ
ͬ͸ͳͯͰ͹ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͯ͹͵;ͷͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱͺ͹ͼͶͰͻͪͽ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͰͯͳͺͶ͹ͷͪͽͳΒͰ
͊ͪ;͸ͯͰͻͼ ͼͽͻ

̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͵ͪ͹Ͱ;ͿͰͷͳͲͪͷͲͪͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺ͹ͬͻͪͽ͵ͪi;ͲͶͪͽ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͪͳͷͺͰ
ͻͳΒͰ– ͼͻͰͯͳ͸;9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ– ͺͻͳͷͪ;ͽ
ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͼͰ͵ͪ͹͸Ͱͺ͹ͬͻͪͽͪ͸ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͫͰͲͪͶͽͰͻ͸ͪͽͳͬͰ
ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͭͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ ͳͶ͹ͭͳ͵ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͫͻͲ͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ
΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͳͽͻͪ͸ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͵͹Βͳ͹ͫͰΕͪͬͪΒ;tͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͳͺ͹ͽͻͪͭ;ͲͪͼͻͰΕ͹ͷi ͵ͻͳ
ͽͳ͵;Β;Εͳͼͬ͹ΒͰͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ͸ͳ͵Ͱ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͲͪͯ͸Ͱ Γ;ͯͰͳͺͻͪͬͰͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͰͶ;ͯͳͼͽͰ ͐ͪ͸ͭ ͼͽͻ

͆ͪͷͪͼͰͺͻͰͲͰ͸ͽ;ΒͰͼͶͳ͵ͪ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͲͪͬͪͻͪͬͪͳͼͺͻͰ΂ͪͬͪͯͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͷ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳ ;͵͹ΒͳͷͼͰ
ͫͶͪͭ͹ͯͰͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺ͹ͼͽͳΕͳ ͽͰ͹ͬͯͰͳͷͪͷ͹ͼͶ;΂ͪΒtͶ;͵ͪͬ͹ͭ͵͹ΒͳͺͻͰͯͬ͹ͯͳͼͶͰͺ͹ͭi
͑;ͷͪ΀Ͱͻ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻͰͯͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪͼͰ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪͲͪͯͪͽͪ͵tͰͯ;͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰͯ͹͵͹Ͷͳ΁Ͱi ͪ
ͺͻͰͯͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳͷͪtͽͻͪ͸ͼͿͰͻͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰi͊ͽͬͪͻͪͼͰ ͺͪͻͪͯ͹͵ͼͪͶ͸͹ ͼͳͽ;ͪ΁ͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪt͸ͳΒͰͺͶ͹ͯ
͸ͪ΃ͳ΀ͺ͹ͭͻͰ΃ͪ͵ͪ ͸Ͱͭ͹͹͸͹ͭ΃ͽ͹ͼͷ͹ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳ͸ͪΒͬͰΕͳͷ͸ͪ΃ͳͷ;ͼͺͰͼͳͷͪi ́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͌
ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͼͬͰΒͰͼͬͰͯͰ͸͹͸ͪͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹͹ͼͽͬͪͻͳͬͪΔͰͺͻ͹Ϳͳͽͪ ͪͷͰͽ͹ͯ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ

tͳ͸΀ͰͻͰ͸ͽ͸͹ΒͰͳͭ͸͹ͻͳͼͪͽͳ΂͹ͬͰ͵͹ͬ;Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͭͼͬͰͽͪi ́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͉ͪͲͬ͹Β͸͹
ͭͰͼͶ͹ Β͹΃;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͯͻ;ͭͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͫͳͶ͹ΒͰt΃ͽ͹ΒͰ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰͲͪͫ͹ͭͪͽͰ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰΒͰͳͲͪ
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸Ͱi ́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͋ͳͷͰ ͼͰ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͭ;ͻͪΒ; ; tͺͻͳ΀ͬͪͽͪΔͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀
ͷͰͽ͹ͯͪͳ ͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͪ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͵͹ΒͳͻͪͲͪͻͪΒ; ͼͬͪ͵;ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳͳ͹ͼͶͪΔͪΔͪ͸ͪ
ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͰͼ͸ͪͭͰ͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽ΂Ͱͭͪͼ; ͸Ͱ
͸ͪͷͰͻ͸ͳ͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳͫͰͲ͸ͪΌͰi ́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͽͰ͹
ͻͳΒͰ͹ͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪ͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͼͽͳͺ͹͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͫͳͼͰ͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸ͰͲͰͷΓͰͷ͹ͭͶͰͳͲͬ;ΕͳͳͲͱͳͬ͹ͭͫͶͪͽͪ
͸ͰͻͪͲͬͳΒͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ̹ͪͻ͹͸ͪ ͅͳ͸΀ͪ;ͲͰ͸ͪ tͺ͹ͬͶͪ΂ͰΕͳ ͼͰ Ͳͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ ͺͰͻ΂ͳ͸i ͊;ͫ͹ͽͳΕ
ͼͽͻ

͆Ͱ͵ͳͼͷͪͽͻͪΒ;ͯͪͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͳͼͰͬͰͻ͸ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ΒͰͼͽͰͼͪͷ͹t͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪi ͺͻͰͯ͹΂ͪͬͪΒ;ΕͳͭͪΒ͹΃;ͬͰ͵ͼͪͷ͹;ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ͎ͪͻͯͳ͸ͭ ͼͽͻ
ͅͰΌ;ͽͳͷ ;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͼ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͳ͸Ͱͻͪͬ͸͹ͺͻͪͬ͸ͳͼͺ͹
ͻͪͲ;ͷͳ ͵ͻͪΒͰͷ9*9ͳͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99ͬͰ͵ͪ ͳͷͪͶͳ͵Γ;΂͸;;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͺͻ͹ͷ͹΁ͳΒͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ
ͽͰ΃͵͹ͯͪͼͰͳͭͯͰͼͺ͹ͷͳΔ;;ͷͪͼͳͺͻ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵Δͳͭͪ ͐ͪ͸ͭ ͼͽͻ
͵͹ΒͰͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ
΃;͹tͼͽͪͻͳͷͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͳͷͪìͪͺͪͯͪ ͳͲͻͪͱͰ͸Ͱ;ͼͺ͹͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͶ;ͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͪͳͶ;͵ͪͬ͹΃Ε;Γ;ͯͳ
͵͹Βͳ ͼͽ͹ΒͰ ͳͲͪ ͽ͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͫͳ ͽͻͰͫͪͶ͹ ͯͪ ͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ ͸ͪ tͼͳͶͳ Ͳͪ͵͹͸; ͳ Γ;ͫͪͬͳi ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͯͻͪͼͽͳ΂͸͹ͷͳ͸ͽͰͻͬͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ́ͻͪ͵ ̸ͬͭͪ͸ͳͼͽͪ͸ ̈́ͳͫͳΒͪ ͊ͳͻͳΒͪ ͊ͻͫͳΒͪ
ͺͻͪͬͳ
ͽͪ͵ͬͰ ͺͻͳͷͰͻͰ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ͯͻ;ͭͰ ͷͪͶͰ ͲͰͷΓͰ t͸Ͱ ͯ͹Ό; ; ͳͼ͵;΃ͰΔͰ ͯͪ ͵ͻ͹ΒͰ ͼͪͷͰ ͼͬ͹Β; ͼ;ͯͫͳ͸;i
̓͹Ͷͷͪ͸ ͼͽͻ
̽ͻͱͳͳ΀;ͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͷͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ; Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͷ͹ͯͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱͺ͹ͷ͹Εͳ ͵͹Βͪ
ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷ ͯͳ͹͸ͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪ ͯ͹͸͹ͼͳ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸Ͱ ͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͯ͹͵ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͰ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͽ͹͸Ͱ ; ͼͬͰ ͯ;ͫΓ;
ͫͰͯ;ͳͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ ͫ͹ͻͰΕͳͼͰͼͪͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͸Ͱ;΀ͻͪΔͰ͸͹΃Ε;ͳ͸ͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰ͸͹΃Ε;
͊ͽͪΔͰ ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ ͉;ͼͳΒͳ ̸;ͼͽͻͳΒͳ ͳ ͪͅΌͪͻͼ͵͹Β ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ͈ͻͬ͹ͭ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ ͻͪͽͪ ;
͵͹Βͳͷͪ ͼ; ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹ͳͯͰͲͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹͹ͲͶ͹ͭͶͪ΃Ͱ͸ͳͯͪ ͺͳ΃;Εͳ͹ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷ
ͼ͵ͳͷͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪͷͳͻͪ ̓ͰΒ͸ͼ ͳͷͪΒ;Εͳ;ͬͳͯ;ͼ;ͻ͹ͬ;ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͸ͳΒͰ͸ͳͳͷͪ͹ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫ;ͯͪͳ΀
ͪ͸ͪͶͳͲͳͻͪ͠Ͱͻͼ;ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͶͳtͺͻͳͷͰͻͬͰͶͳ͵ͰͺͪͽΔͰ͵͹Β;΂͹ͬͰ͵ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͳͲͯͻͱͳͳͼͽͰͺͰ͸ͪͯ͹

͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͷ͹ͱͰͯͪͺͻ͹ͺͪͯ͸Ͱi ͵ͪ͵͹ͼͰtͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͽͰͶͪͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪ;ͫ͹ͶͰͼͽ;ͷͪi͈͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͰͰ͵͹
͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭ Ͷͳ΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͸ͪͼͽ;ͺͪΒ; ͺ͹ͼͽͰͺͰ͸͹ ͳ tͯ͹͵ ͳ΀ Γ;ͯͳ ͼͽͻͺΓͳͬ͹ ͺ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͰ ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͸Ͱ
ͷͪͻͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͲͪΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͷ;͵Ͱi ͼͬͰͯ͹͵͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͰͭ͸;͵͹͸ͪ΂͸͹ͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁ͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͰͳͲͯͻͱΓͳͬ͹ͼͽͳ ͵ͪͯͪ
ͳ΀ ͹΂ͪΒͪΔͰ ͳ Ͷ;ͯͳͶ͹ ͸ͪͽͰͻͪΒ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸; ͳͲ ͶͰͽͪͻͭͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ ͺͻͰͽ΀͹ͯͳ ͵Ͷͳͷͪ͵ͼ; ͼͶ;΃ͪΒ;Εͳ
;΂ͰΔͪ͵͹Βͪͳͷ͸;ͯͰ͸ͪͯ; ͳͶ;ͲͳΒ;ͳͶͳ͸ͪͭ͹͸Ͱ͸ͪ͹ͼͬͰͽ;̽͹͵ΒͰ͹ͬ͹ͺͳͼͪ͹ ̓ͰΒ͸ͼ;ͼͰ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ͯͪͫͪͻ
ͽͪͯͪͺͶͪͷͰ͸ͻ;ͼ͵͹ͭͫ͹Γ΃ͰͬͳͲͷͪͯ͹ͭ͹ͻͰͬͪ ͪ t͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͳͼͽ͹΂͸Ͱͳ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸Ͱ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͰ͸ͪͶͪͲͰͼͰ;
ͼͽͪΔ;ͼͽͻͪ΃͸Ͱ;ͷͻͽͬΓͰ͸͹ͼͽͳi ̓ͰΒ͸ͼ ͼͽͻ–

ͅ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͳͼͰͻͰΕͳͯͪͼͰͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͬͰͽ͸ͪͶͪͲͳ;ͼͽͪΔ;tͼͽͻͪ΃͸Ͱ;ͷͻͽͬΓͰ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳi͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪͳͶͳ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ
ΒͰͯͳ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͬͶͪͯͰ Ͳͪͼ͸͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷ
Ͳͪ͵͹͸;ͳΒͰͯ͸͹ΒͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͳ ΂ͳΒͳΒͰ΁ͳΓ ͺͻͰͷͪͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪͲͪͬͰͻͰ ͯͪtͬͻͪͽͳͼͬͰͽ;ͿͰ;ͯͪͶ͸ͳ
ͼͳͼͽͰͷͷͻͪ΂͸͹ͭͼͻͰͯΔͰͭͬͰ͵ͪͳ͸ͪͷͰͽ͸ͰͽͰ΃͵͹ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͬͰΕͳ͸ͳ΂͹ͬͰ΂ͪ͸ͼͽͬͪi ̓͹Ͷͷͪ͸
ͼͽͻ–

͠͹΃Ͳͪ ͬͻͰͷͰͷͪͻ͵ͼͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͭ ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ ́ͼͽ͹͵ΒͰͫͳ͹ͲͪͺΓ;ͼ͸;ͽͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͷ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒ͹ͷͳ
;ͺͻ͵͹ͼͼͬ͹Β͹Βͬ͹Β͸͹Βͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵͹ΒͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͳ ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹tͯ;΀͹ͬ͸͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ
ͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͪͱͻͽͬͪ̀ͪͺͪͯͪi ͺͻͪͬͰ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͳͯ;΀͹ͬ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͯͻͶͪ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹
ͻͰ ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱ ͷͳͼͶͳ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͠͹͸Ͱͼ͵͹ ͼͽͻ
͋͹ ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬͻͰ΂ͳ ͷͳͼͶͳ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͪ
ͬͶͪͼͽͳ̺ͰͫͰͻͪ ͳͲͻͰ΂Ͱ͸͹Β͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͺͻͰͯͪͬͪΔ; ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͻͪ
;ͅͳ͸΀Ͱ͸; ͺ͹ͼͬͰΕͰ͸͹ͭ;Ͷ͹Ͳͳ
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͰͷͰΌ;ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳͷͼͳͶͪͷͪͼͬͪ͵ͪͷ͹Ε͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪ͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰ͹͵ͻ;ͱͰ͸ͪͼͶͪͫͳΒͳͷͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪͷͪ ͳͶͳͫͪͻ΃ͽ͹ͷͪΔͳͷͫͻ͹ΒͰͷͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱ̸ͪͬͪͶͳΒͰ ͵ͻͳͽͳ͵;Β;Εͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸;ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵;͸ͪ
́ͼͽ͹͵; ͼͷͪͽͻͪ͹ͯͪ ͪ͵͹͸ͪͼͽ͹Βͳͯͪͫ;ͯͰͻͰͪͶͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͹͸ͪͷ͹ͻͪͫͳͽͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ͵ͪ ͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͳ͸ͰͫͳͲͪ;ͬͰ͵͹ͼͽͪͶͳͼͷͻͽ͸ͳ͸Ͱͷͪ΂͵ͳ
͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͳ ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͉;ͼͳΒͰ͊ͽ͹ͭͪΒͰͳͲͬͰ͹Ͳͪ͵Γ;΂ͪ͵ ͵͹Βͳ͸ͳΒͰ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͷͳͻ͹ͬ͸ͳͷ΁ͳΓͰͬͳ
ͷͪ tͺ͹͵͹ΒͰͷͽͻͰͫͪͼͬͪ͵͹ͷͺͼ;ͳͲ͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͼ͵͹ͭ΂͹ͺ͹ͻͪ͹ͯͼͰΕͳͺͪͻ΂ͰͶ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱi ̺ͰͫͰͻ
ͼͽͻ
̹ͳ͹ ΒͰ ͳ ͽͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼͬͰͼͽͪ͸ ͯͪ ͷͪͶͰ ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͱͳͬͰ ; ͼͰ͸΁ͳ ͷ͹Ε͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͯͪ ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͪ
ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪͭͪͻͪ͸΁ͳΒ;ͲͪͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͷͪͶͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͳͲͪͽͬ͹
ͻͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪͯͻͱͪͬͪͭͪͻͪ͸ͽ;ΒͰͳͲͭͶͰͯͰ͸ͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷ; ͵͹ΒͳΕͰͽͻͪΒͪͽͳͼͬͰͯ͹͵͹͸ͪ
͸Ͱ;ͼͽ;ͺͳͷͰͼͽ͹tΒͰͯ͸͹ͷͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ΁ͪͻͼͽͬ;i ̺ͰͫͰͻ* ͼͽͻ

͌͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͷ ͳͯͰΒͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͷ ΁ͪͻͼͽͬ; ͳ̸͊̽ ͵ͪ͹͸ͪͼͶͰͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ͉ͳͷͼ͵͹ͭ΁ͪͻͼͽͬͪ ͳ͊͹ͬΒͰͽ
ͼ͵͹ͷ͊ͪͬͰͲ; ͵ͪ͹ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹Β̓ͪͻͽͪͭͳ͸ͳ ͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͽͪΒͰ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͪͷͫͳ
΁ͳΒͪ ;̹ͰͶ͹Β͵;Εͳ Β͹΃ ͺ͹ͯͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͹ͷͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͰͫͰͲͫͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯͰ ͫ͹ͻͫͰ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͬͰ͵
ͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͯ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸͹ͷͪ;ͻ͹ͷͶͰͭͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͭͻ͹ͱͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ
ͼͬͰͽͪ ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͰtͲͶ͹ͫ͸ͳ΀iͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀͸ͰͺͻͳΒͪͽͰΓͪ ̺ͳͯͪͶ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͻΒͰ͹͸ͯͪͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹
΃ͽ͹ͼͰ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͹ͼͰΕͪͶͪ ͺ͹͸ͪ΃ͪͶͪ
͵ͪ͹ͅ͹ΒͼͳΒͰ ;͵ͪ;ͫ͹Βͼ͵ͳͷ΂ͳͲͷͪͷͪ ͭͯͰΕͰͷ͹Ε͸ͪͫ;͵ͪ͸ͪΒ
Ͷ;ΌͰͼͪͶͰ͢;Β͹ͻ΃͵ͰͫͰͻͲͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳͯͪtͶ;ͯͳͶ͹ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪ͵ͪ͹ͼͪͬͻ΃Ͱ͸͹͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻi ;͵͹Β͹ΒͼͰ
ͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͵ͰͫͰͻͲͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͼ;ͺ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ͵ͶͪͼͳͿͳ͵;Β;͵ͪ͹ͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͳͷͪͼͰΒͪͬ͸͹ͽͻͭ;ΒͰ ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪΒ;
Εͳ ͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͺ͹͵ͬͪͻͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͻͰͶͪͽͳͬ͸ͳͷ ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ ͳ ͉ͳͷΓͪ͸ͳ ͸ͳͼ; ͼͰͫͰ ͼͷͪͽͻͪͶͳ ͺ͹͵ͬͪͻͰ͸ͳͷ
ͷͪ͸ͳΒͪ΁ͳͷͪͳ΂ͳ͸ͳͶ͹ͳͷͼͰ ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸ͳͷͯͪ Ͷͪͬ͹ͬͰ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͳͷͪ ͵͹ΒͳͳͷͼͰͷͪΔͰ
ͯ͹ͺͪͯͪΒ; ͯ͹͵ͼ;͹͸Ͱ͹ͷͳΓͰ͸Ͱ΀ͻͪ͸ͳͶͳͼ;ͬͳͷͭͻ͹ͱΌͰͷ ̹ͰͶͿ͹ͻͽ ͼͽͻ

͌ͪͅͻ͵ͼ͹ͬ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͰͼ;tͬͪͻͬͪͻͼ͵ͳͼͳͼͽͰͷͻͪͼͽ;ͻͪΔͪiͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͪͳ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͳͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪΒͰt͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͬͰΕͺ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸͹ͼ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͫͰͯ͹ͷi
ͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪΒͰt΂ͳͼͽͪͿͳͶͳΒͪͶͪͫͰͻͲͰi ;΂ͳΒͰͷͼ;ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼ;Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͰͼͳͶͰͺ͹ͯͰͶͳͶͰ̸Ϳͻͳ
͵; ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ̸ͲͳΒ;
ͯͳͻͰ͵ͽ͸͹ΒͰͯͪΒ;Εͳͺ͹ͯͲͪ͵;ͺ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͪͅͻ͵ͼ ͼͽͻ

̀ͪ͸ͳͷΓͳͬ͹ ͪͅͻ͵ͼ; ͵͹ͭͪΒͰ͈ͻ;ͯ͹͸͸ͪͲͬͪ͹ͺͪ͸ͽΓͳ΂ͪͻ͹ͷͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͫͳ͹ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸
ͪ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͷ; ͭͯͰ ΒͰ ͼͺͪͯͪ͹ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͻͪͼͽ ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ ͉;ͼͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪ Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ
ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹ ͹ ͵ͪ͸ͳͫͪͶͳͲͷ; ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺͪ͹ ;ͬͰͻͰΔͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͬͳͽͳ ͼͪͷͻͽ͸ͳ΂͵ͳ
ͫ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ ͼͽͪͻ͹ͭ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͷ͹ͭ; ͼ͵ͻͪͽͳͽͳ ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͷ ͼͻͰͯͼͽͬ͹ͷ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸͹ͭ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͯͪ
͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͫͰͲͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ͎ͻͬͪͽͪͳ͊Ͷ͹ͬͰ͸ͪ ͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͺͶͪͽͳͽͳͯͪ͸ͪ͵ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ
ͷͪ ΒͰͻ͸ͰͲ͸ͪΒ;΃ͽͪͯͪͻͪͯͰͼͪͼͬ͹Β͹ͷͲͰͷΓ͹ͷ ͹ͬͪͼͽͻͪ΃͸ͪͺͻͪͬ͹ͼ͸ͪͱ͸ͪͺͻͰͼ;ͯͪͺ͹ͼͶ;ͱͳͶͪΒͰ
΂ͪ͵ͳͲͪ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ́͸ͯͳΒͰ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͪΒͰ;Δ͹Βͳͼͺ;ΔͪͬͪͶͪͯͬ͹ͼ
ͽͻ;͵;ͷͳͼͳΒ;ͻ;΃ͳͶͪ΂͵; ͫ;ͯ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰͻ;΃ͳͶͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹;ͻͰΌͰΔͪ ͳ͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪ΂͵; ͼͽͬͪ
ͻͪΔͰͷ;̸ͲͳΒͳͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΂͵͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ;ͻͰΌͰΔ͉ͪͪͯͳͼͰ͹΂;ͯ͸͹ΒͬͪͻͳΒͪ͸ͽͳͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͻ͸Ͱ
ͯ͹ͭͷͰ ͫͻͰͷͰ͸ͪͫͰͶ͹ͭ΂͹ͬͰ͵ͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͻͪͲ;ͷΓͳͬͪͳͲͺͰͻͼͺͰ͵ͽͳͬͰͪͅͻ͵ͼ͹ͬ͹ͭͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭͷͪͽͰͻͳ
ΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͺ͹͵͹Β͹Βͼͪͷ͹ͽͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳͷ͸ͪͺ͹ͻͳͷͪͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱͫ;ͻͱ͹ͪͲͳΒͰͲͰͷΓͰͺ͹ͺ;ͽ́͸ͯͳΒͰͷ͹ͭ;;
ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͫͳͽͳ ;͵Γ;΂Ͱ͸Ͱ ; ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ͎ͪͼͽͿͰͶͯ ͼͽͻ –

ͯͪ͸ͪͼ;ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ– ͺͻͳͷͪ;ͽ

́͸ͪ΂Ͱ ͯ͹΁ͰͶͪ́͸ͯͳΒͪΒͰͫͳͶͪͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷ́ͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͳ͸ͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ
̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͪ ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͳ͸ͯͳΒͼ͵ͪ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ
͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ 97** ͬͰ͵ͪ ͺ͹ͬͰΓͪͷͪ ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
͵ͻͪΓͰͬͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͪ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ ͯͰ͹͸ͳ΂ͪͻͼ͵͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ ͳ ͯ͹ͫͳͶͪ ͺͻͪͬ͹ ͯͪ ͻͪͽ;ΒͰ ͳ ͼ͵Ͷͪͺͪ ͷͳͻ ͼͪ
ͼ;ͬͰͻͰ͸ͳͷͲͰͷΓͪͷͪ ͺ;͸;͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ;͸ͪͯͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒ͹ͷͭͪΒͰΔͪ͹ͺͳΒ;ͷͼ͵͹ͭͷͪ͵ͪ;͹ͫͶͪͼͽͳ̹Ͱ͸ͪͻͰ
ͼͪ;́͸ͯͳΒͳͳͼͬͳͷͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͳͷͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀ ͪͯͪͽΒͰͺ͹ͽͺ;͸ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷͺͻͳ͸΂Ͱͬͳͷͪ́͸ͯͳ
ΒͰͳΔͳ΀͹ͬ͹ͷͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼ͵͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ; ΂ͳΒͳΒͰͼͳͼͽͰͷͻͪͯͪ;ͺ͹ͽͺ;͸͹ͼͽͳ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳͶͪ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪ ͪ
͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͳ ̸ͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ ͿͰͯͰͻͪͶ͸Ͱ ͻͰͲͰͻͬͰ ͋ͪ͵͹ ͼ; ͸ͪΒͼͽͪͻͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁Ͱ ; ̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ
ͻ͹Όͪ΁ͳ ͳ ̸͊̽ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳ ͬͻͽ͹ͭͶͪͬ͹ͷ ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ; ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͷ ͸Ͱ ͼͪͷ͹
ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸͹ͷ ͹ͺͳΒ;ͷ͹ͷ
ͺͻͰͷͪ ͽͰ͹ͻͰͽͳ΂ͪͻͳͷͪ ͲͪͬͰͻͰ ͫͳͶͰ ; ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͳ tͯͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹ ͺͻͰͯ;Ͳͷ; ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ; ͸ͪͯ ͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ
ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͸͹ͬ͹ͭͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪ Ͳͪ͵͹ΒͳͽͻͰͫͪͯͪͲ͸ͪΒ;ͼͪͷ͹͹ͯͪͫͻͪ͸ͳ– ̓͹ͷͳͽͰͽi ̓͹Ͷͷͪ͸ ͼͽͻ
–
͈͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͪΔͰͭ͹ͬͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͪ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯͳͬͪΒͰͼͶͳͯͰͻͳͷͪͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͪͻͪͯͳ͵ͪͶͪ
ͦͰͻͰͷͳΒͪ ̹Ͱ͸ͽͪͷͪ ͳ ͦ͹͸ͪ ͊ͽΒ;ͻͽͪ ͅͳͶͪ ͳͲ ̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ͳ͸ͯͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ ΒͰ
΃ͳͻͳͶͪͷͳͽt͹ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸͹Βͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͳiͦͰͻͰͷͳ̹Ͱ͸ͽͪͷͳͷͪ͹ΒͰ;Ͷ͹ͭ;;ͺͶͪ͸ͳͻͪΔ;ͳͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ΌͰΔ;
͍ͻͪ͸΁;ͼ͵ͰͻͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͰ ́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
ͪͦ͹͸͊ͽΒ;ͪͻͽͅͳͶͺ͹ͼͽͪ͹ΒͰΒͰͯͪ͸͹ͯͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹ͶͪͽͰ͹ͻͳ
ΒͰ ͳͺͻͪ͵ͼͰ
ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ́͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸Ͱͼͽ;ͯͳΒͰͼͺͪͯͪͶͰͼ;;ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͹ͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼ
ͽͳ ΒͰͻͼ;͹ͷ͹ͭ;ΕͪͬͪͶͰͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪͬͪΔͰΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͪ ͹ͼͰΕͪΔͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰͳͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
͇ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ ͪͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͭͰ͸ͳΒͪ́ͼͽ͹͵ͪ;Ͳͳͷͪ͸ͪΒͰ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͷͼͽͬ͹̹ͻͳͽͪ͸ͪ΁ͪͯͪ;ͫ;ͯ;Ε
͸͹ͼͽͳͲͪͯͻͱͰͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͼͽͰ͵Ͷͳ͊ͬͪ͵ͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵;ͽ͹ͷͼͷͳͼͶ;ͫͳ͹ΒͰͬͻͰͯͪ͸ͺͪͱΔͰ tͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ
͹ͫͪͬͰͲͪ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰi ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͹ͺͻͰͷͰ ͳͼͺ;ΔͰ͸Ͱ ͺͪͽͻͳ͹ͽͼ͵Ͱ ͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͳ t͸ͪΒͬͰΕͰ ͹ͯͭ͹
ͬ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵͹Βͪͷ͹ͱͰͺͪͼͽͳ͸ͪͻͪͷͰ͸ͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ̾͸ͭͶͰͲͪi ͪ͸Ͱ͸Ͱ͵ͳͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳͶ;͵ͼ;Ͳ͊ͽ͹ͭͪ
͸ͳΒͰͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹ͼͽ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ;͹͵ͬͳͻ;ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ;ͽͳͶͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱ;ͺͻͪͬͰ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͷͪ͸͇ͪͻͳΒͰ͸ͽ; ͺ͹ͼͰͫ
͸͹;́͸ͯͳΒͳ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ̹Ͱ͸ͽͪͷͪͳͅͳͶͪͫͳ͹Ͳ͸ͪͽͪ͸̾Ϳͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ΒͰͯ͹ͺͻͳ͸Ͱ͹ͰͶͳͷͳ͸ͳͼͪΔ;ͬͳͼͳ͸ͪ

ͻͰͭ;ͶͪͽͳͬͰ ͳ ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸ ͼ ͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳ Ͱͬͪ͸ͭͰͶͳͲͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹ͿͳΒͰ
ͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸Ͱ ͼͬ;ͯͪ͸Ͱͼͬ͹ͯΓͳͬͳͷͼ;ͺͰͻͬͳͲ͹ͻͼ͵ͳͷͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳͽͰͽ͹ͷͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ
͵ͪ͵͹͸Ͱͫͳͯ͹΃Ͷ͹ͯ͹ͭ;ͫͳͽ͵ͪͺͪͽͰͻ͸ͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱͫͻͳͽͪ͸ͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰͳͺͻͳ΀͹ͯͪ ͊ͪͳͯ ͼͽͻ
–
͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͪ;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶͪͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ;Ͳͪͯ͹ͫͳΒͪΔ;Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱ΀ͰͭͰͷ͹͸ͳ
ΒͰͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹ͭͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ͸ͪͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ ;ͻ;͵ͪͷͪ͹ͯͻͰΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ̓ͪ͵͹ΒͰͅͳ΃ͰͶ
͍;͵͹ΒͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͪͬ͸͹ͳΒͪͼ͸͹͵ͪͲͪ͹ tͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪͷ͸ͳΒͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͪͿ͹ͻͷͪ͵͹Β;ͼͬͪ͵ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ
͵ͪͷ͹ͻͪͯͪ ;ͼͬ͹ΒͳḯͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪͷΒͰtͼͪͷ͹Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵Ͱͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͰi
͍;͵͹ ͼͽͻ
͇͸ͪΒͰtͲͪͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͬͰͶͳ͵ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͰͰ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰiͳͼͺ;ΔͰ
͸ͪͬ͹Γ͹ͷͲͪͺͻͰ͵͹ͷ͹ͻͼ͵͹ͷͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷ ͵͹Β͹Β ͼͰ ;ͭͶͪͬ͸͹ͷ͸ͳ͵͹͸ͳΒͰͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽͼͽͪͬΓͪ͹tͅ͹ͻͪ
͸ͪͼͲͪͯͳͬͳͽͳ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͯͪͼ; ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ ;̾ͬͻ͹ͺͳͼ͵ͻͪΒͪͯͰͬͰͽ͸ͪͰͼͽ͹ͭͼͽ͹ͶͰΕͪͻͪͲ͸ͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳ
ΒͪͶ͸ͳͶ͹ͫͳΒͳ ;ͽͪΒ͸͹ΒͲͪͬͰͻͳͳͶͳ ;Ͳͺ͹ͷ͹Ε͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵Ͱ ͫͳͶͳ;ͼͽͪΔ;ͯͪ ΂ͳͽͪͬ;͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;
;ͭ;ͻͪΒ;;ͼͬͰͭͻͪͷͲͳͬͳΒ;͹ͽͳͷͪ΂ͳ͸;ͽ;ΌͰͲͰͷΓͰ ΂ͳͷͰͼ;ͷ͸͹ͭͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΁ͳͫͳͶͳͺͻͳͼͳΓͰ͸ͳ͸ͪ
ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸;ͼͶ;ͱͫ; ͪͯͪΒͰ ͺͻͳͽ͹ͷ ͵͹ͯ͵;ΕͰͷͪͶ͹ͽ͹ͭͪ;΂ͳΔͰ͸͹ͯͪͼͰ͹ͬͪΒͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͲͪ;ͼͽͪͬͳͳͶͳ
ͼͺͻͰ΂ͳi ͊ͪͳͯ ͼͽͻ
͈͹ͽͻͰͫͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͼ͵Ͷ͹͸͹ͭ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͳͳͳͷͪ͸Ͱ͸ͽ
͸͹ΒͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ
ͯͪͬͳ΃͵͹ͬͰͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͫͳͶ͸͹ͺͶͪͼͳͻͪͳͲͬͪ͸ͲͰͷΓͰ ͬ͹ͯͳͶͪΒͰt͹΃ͽͻ͹Βͫ͹ͻͫͳͲͪ
ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪiͳͰ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͪ΁ͳΒͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷ;ͼͺͰ΀; ͵͹ΒͳΒͰͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͵͹Ͷ͹
͸ͳΒͪ ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽͪͳͶͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͪ ΂ͳΒͳͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒ͸ͳΒͰͶͪ͵͹ͻͪͲͶͳ͵͹ͬͪͽͳ
ͳ;ͬ͹ΌͰΔͰ͵͹Ͷ͹
͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳͼͪ͸ͳ΀ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͰͼͪͷ͹ͷ͹ͭ;ͽͻͭ͹ͬͪͽͳͼͷͰͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͺͻͰͬ͹Ͳͳͽͳ
ͻ͹ͫ;ͫͻ͹ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪͷͰͽͻ͹ͺ͹ͶͰ ͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͷͪ͸ͳΒͰͫͳͶ͹ͯ͹Ͳͬ͹ΓͰ͸͹ͯͪͺ͹͵ͻͰ͸;ͼͬ͹Β;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ;
ͻ͹ͫͰ ͅͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͳΕ ͼͽͻ–
̓͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͷͪͼ;ͬͶͪͯͪͶͳtͶ;ͽͪΒ;Εͳi ͪ͸ͰtͼͰͯͰͶͪ΂͵ͳiͫͪ͸ͯͳ
ͽͳ ͺͻͪΕͰ͸ͳ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸ͳͷ ͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ͹ͷ Ͳͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͷ ͻͪͲ;
ͷ͹ͷ ͭͯͰͼ;ͼͰͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͳͷͪΓ;ͯͳͲ͸ͪͶͪ΂͵ͳ;ͼͪΌͳͬͪͶͳͼͽͻͪ΀;͵͹ͼͽͳ ͯͻ΀ͽͪΔͰ ͹΂ͪΒͪΔͰ ͵ͶͰ΂ͪΔͰ
͵͹ͷͺͶͰ͵ͼ ͸ͳͱͰ ͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͵͹Β͹Β ΒͰ ͫͰͶͪ΁ Ͳͪͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸ ; ͼͬ͹Β; ͫͰͶ͹ͼͽ ͪ ΁ͻ͸ͪ΁ ; ͼͬ͹Β; ΁ͻ͸͹Ε;
͍ͪ͸͹͸ ͼͽͻ
t̓ͪͯͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͷ΂͹ͬͰ͵; ΒͰͲͳ͵͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͼͽͰΒͰEFGBDUP ΒͰͲͳ͵
Ͳ͹͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͰi ͍ͪ͸͹͸ ͼͽͻ

̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸ͲͳΒͪ Ͱ͵ͼͺͶ͹ͪͽͳͼͪͶͪ ΒͰ ͼͳͻ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ ͳ ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ
ͻͪͯ͸; ͼ͸ͪͭ;
΁ͻͺͰͶͪ ΒͰ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ ͳ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ Ͳ͸ͪΔͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽͳ΀ ͯ͹ͫͳͽͳ ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪͶͪ Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸;
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ;ͳͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸; ͯͰͼͰͽ͵͹ͬͪͶͪͶ͹͵ͪͶ͸͹ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ͹ ͸ͪΒͺͻͰͫ͹ͶͰͼͽͳͷͪ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͻͪͽ͹ͬͳͷͪ
Ͱ͵ͼͺ͹ͻͽ͹ͷͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͪ;̸Ϳͻͳ΁ͳͳͯͻ;ͭͯͰͳͫ;͵ͬͪͶ͸ͳͷͶ͹ͬ͹ͷ͸ͪͯͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͰͯͰ͹΁Ͱ ͼͬͰͯ͹͵ͻͪΒͪ9*9
ͬͰ͵ͪ ΃ͽ͹ΒͰ ͬ͹ͯͳͶ͹ ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽ͹ͷͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ; ͺͪͯ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ͸͹ͭͼͽͪ͸ͯͪͻͯͪ ͯͰͬͪͶͬͳͻͪΔ;Ͷ͹͵ͪͶ͸Ͱ
͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼ;ͷ͹ͭͶͳ͹ͺͼͽͪͽͳͼͪͷ͹͸ͪͺͰͻͳͿͰͻͳΒͳͳͶͳ;ͯͳΒͪͼͺ͹ͻͳ ;Ͳͺͻ͹ͯ;ͫ
ΓͰΔͰ ΒͪͲͪ ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͯ͹ͼͽͳͭ͸;Εͪ ͊ͬͰ ͼͰ ͽ͹ ͹ͯͬͳΒͪͶ͹ ;Ͳ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀ ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀
ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ ͪͶͳͳ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪΔͪͲ͸ͪΔͪ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͪͷͫͳΒͰ͸ͽͪͼͽͪͻ͹ͼͰͯͰͶͪ΁͈ͪ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹
͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͪͽ;ͷͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔͪ
ͳͼͽͳ΂;ͯͪͼͰ͹ͬͳͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͳ;͸ͪͲͪΌͳͬͪΔͪͯͻ;ͭͳ΀͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪ͸ͪͼ
ͽͪͬΓͪΒ;ͳͯͪ͸ͪͼͺ͹ͯͺͪͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷtͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪi ͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͳ͸ͽͰͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͆ͪͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ tͻͪͲͬ͹Β͸ͪiͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ͵ͪͲͪͷͰ͸ͳͶͪΒͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸;΂Ͱͼͽ͹;ͳͼͽͳͷͲͭͻͪͯͪͷͪͳͺ͹ͯͳͼͽͳͷͻ;͵͹ͬ͹ͯͳ͹΁ͳͷͪ– ͯ͹ͶͪͲͳͯ͹
͹ͯͶͳͬͪͷ͹Ͳͭ͹ͬͪͼ͠;ͭͪ͸ͪ͊ͰͬͰͻ ͵ͻͰͽͪΔͪͽ͹͵ͼͳ΂͸͹ͭ͹ͽͺͪͯͪ ͳͺͻΓͪͬͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ
ͼͪ͊ͰͬͰͻͪ͸ͪ
͠;ͭ ;ͶͳͬͪΔͪ͸ͪ;΂͸͹ͭͳͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͭͲ͸ͪΔͪͼͪ͠;ͭͪ͸ͪ͊ͰͬͰͻ ͻͪ΃΂ͳ΃ΕͪͬͪΔͪͽͰͻͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ͠;ͭ;Ͳͪ
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵; ͳͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵;
ͪͭͻ͹ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒ; ͺͻ͹ͽ͹͵ͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪͼͪ͠;ͭͪ͸ͪ͊ͰͬͰͻ ;Ͳͺ͹͵;΃ͪΒͰ͠;ͭͪͯͪ

ͻͰͯ͹ͬ͸͹ ͺͶͪΕͪ ͵ͪͷͪͽͰ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͸ͪ ͽͪ͵͹Ͳͬͪ͸Ͱ ͲͪΒͷ͹ͬͰ Ͳͪ ͻͪͲͬ͹Β ͯͪ͸ͪͼ Ͳͪ
ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪ ;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ
ͳΒ͹΃ͷ͸͹ͭ͹΂Ͱͭͪ ͎ͪͻͯͳ͸ͭ ͼͽͻ–
͌Ͳͽ͹ ͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͪ͸ͪ;͵ͪ
͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸͸ͪ΂ͳ͸Ͳͪ͹ͫͳͶͪͼ͵ͪͻͪͼͺͻͪͬͪ͹ͿͳͶ͹Ͳ͹Ϳͼ͵ͳͷͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸ͪͷͪͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͳ΀͵Ͷͪͼͳ͵ͪ
Δͳ΀͹ͬ͹Βͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽͳͼͽͰ͹ͻͳΒ͹ͷ͹ͻͪͼͪͷͪ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪͬͪΔ;ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬͪͳͪͻͭ;ͷͰ͸ͽͳͷͪ;ͺͻͳͶ͹ͭ͵͹Ͷ͹
͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ ͼͪ΂;ͬͪͶͪ ͼͬ͹Β; ͺ;͸; ΂ͳͼͽ͹ͽ; ͹ͯ ͺͻΓͪΔͪ ͫͶͪͽ͹ͷ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͇ͬ͹ ͹ͽͬͪͻͪ
ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷ ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͪ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͳ ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰ ͭͯͰ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷ ͬͶͪͯͪ ΂ͳͽͪͬ͹ͷ
͹ͫͶͪ΃Ε;ͺͻ͹;΂ͪͬͪΔͪ ͳͷͪͭͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳͷͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͭͪΒͰͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͳ͸ͽͰ
ͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸͹͸Ͱͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͲͪ͹ͫͳΕͳ̾ͯͬͪͻͯ͊ͪͳͯ ͺͪͶͰͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳͳͲͫͰͭͶͳ΁ͪ͵͹ͭͪΒͰͷ;΂ͳ͹ͿͪͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵ͳ
ͳͲͭͶͰͯ ͹ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͷ t͸Ͱ͹ͺ΀͹ͯ͸͹ ͳ͸ͿͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͷ ͼͽͪͽ;ͼ;i ͸ͰͺͻͳͺͪͯͪΔͪ ͊ͪͳͯ
ͳ΃ͪ͹ ΒͰ
ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͯͪͶͰ͵͹͵ͪͲͪͬ΃ͳtͯͪΒͰ͵ΔͳͱͰͬ͸͹͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸ͳͰͼͽͪͫͶͳ΃ͷͰ͸ͽͺͻ͹ͭͶͪͼͳ͹͹ͲͫͳΓ͸͹ͺͻ͹;΂ͪ
ͬͪΔͰͬͰͲͰͳͲͷͰΌ;ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͲͪͫͻͪΔͰ͸ͳͷi ͊ͪͳͯ
͊Ͷͳ΂͸͹ͫͳͼͰͷ͹ͭͶ͹
ͻͰΕͳͲͪ͹ͯ͸͹ͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͳ͸Ͱ͹͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ– ͺͻͳͷͪ;ͽ
͌͸;ͽͪͻ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͰͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ͸ͪͼͽͪͶͪΒͰͳͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͹Ͷͳ΂ͪͬͪΒ;Εͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸;ͻͰͪ͵΁ͳΒ;͸ͪ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼͬͰͽ ΃ͽ͹ ͼͰ ;Ͳͳͷͪ͵ͪ͹͵Γ;΂͸ͪ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁ͪͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪΔͪͼͪͯͻͱͪΒͪͳΔͰ͸ͰͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ
ͪͶͳͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͭͲ͸ͪ΂ͪΒͪͽͰͯͳͼ΁ͳͺͶͳ͸Ͱ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰ;ͪͺͼͽͻͪ͵ͽ͸ͳͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͻͪͲͶͳ͵Ͱͺ͹ͷͰͻͳͶͪͳͷͺͰͻͳ
ΒͪͶ͸; ͬͶͪͼͽ ͸ͪͯ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͷͪ ͫͻͳ΃;Εͳ ͺ͹ͷ͹Ε; ;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸Ͱ ͷͰͽ͹ͯͰ ͳ ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ Ͱͽ͸͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͰ
ͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸; ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵; ͺͻͪ͵ͼ; ͳͲ ͼͬͰͽͪ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ ̓͹ͯ ̽ͳͻ͵Ͱͷ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͹ͺͳͼͪ ͼͰͭͷͰ͸ͽͪͻ͸ͳ΀
ͯͻ;΃ͽͪͬͪ͸Ͱ͸ͪͶͪͲͳͷ͹͹ͺͳͼͰtͼ͸ͪ͹͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔ; ͽͪ΃ͽͰͱͰΓͰͲͪͻͪͼ͸͹ͷ͸ͪͯͷ͹Εͳͳͺ͹΀ͶͰͺͰͲͪͺͻ͹
Ϳͳͽ͹ͷi ͼͬͰ͹ͺ΃ͽͳ΀ͺ͹͵͹Γͪ ͸ͳͽͳ;̺ͰͫͰͻ͹ͬ͹Β;ͺ͹ͻͰͯ͸͹Βͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͳ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵ͰͳͲͪͺͪͯ͸Ͱ͵;Ͷͽ;
ͻͰͳͷͪͷͰͼͽͪͲͪͼ;ͻ͹ͬͰͺͻͳͽͳͼ͵ͰͲͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ΀ͼͳͶͪ͸ͪ̓ͳ͸;ͽ͹͵͹ͷ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪ ̓͹͸ͰͶ ͼͽͻ–

͍ͳ͵΁ͳΒͪ͹tͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ΒͰͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳΒͳi͸ͪͽ;ͻͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪͶͪΒͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸;ͻͪͲͶͳ͵; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ΃ͳ͸Ͱ͹ͫͳ΂
͸͹ ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ͸ͪ ; ͸ͪͼͰΓͰ͸ͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͷͪ ͲͪͷͰ͸͹ͷ ͷͳͼͳ͹͸ͪͻͼ͵Ͱ ͻͰͶͳͭͳΒͰ ͳͯͰΒ͹ͷ Ͱͬ͹Ͷ;΁ͳ͹͸Ͱ
ͼ;ͺͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͯ͹ͼͰΓͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ Δͳ΀͹ͬͳ΀ ;ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͭͶͪͬ͸ͳͷ ͹ͺͻͪͬͯͪΔͰͷ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ͋Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͰͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ͵ͪ͹;͹ͫͳ΂ͪΒͰ͸ͰͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͭ͹ͼͺ͹ͯͪͻͪ ͺ͹͸͹ͬ͹
ͼ; ͺ͹ͼͽͪͶͰͪ͵ͽ;ͰͶ͸Ͱ ͵ͻͪΒͰͷ 99ͳ ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵͹ͷ99* ͬͰ͵ͪ ͻͰͪ͵ͽͳͬͳͻͪ͸ͳͷ ;ͼͺ͹͸͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͰ ͼ;ͺͰͻͷͪͻ͵Ͱͽͪ ΃ͺͰ͵;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ ͻͳͲͳ͵ͪ
ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͳͷͪͿͪ͸ͽ͹ͷͼ͵ͳͷͽͻͪ͸ͼͪ͵΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ ͼͰͳͲͻͪͲ͸ͳ΀͵ͻͳͲͪ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ͭ
ͼͽͪΔͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪͳͲͬ;͵ͶͳͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͳ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳ͹ͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͳͲ͹ͫͳΓ; ͸ͪ͵ͻͰͯͳͽ ͭͯͰ͸ͳΒͰͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹
ͯͪͺ͹ͫͰͯͳ΃ͳ;ͼͺͰ΃ ͬͰΕͯͻ;ͭͳͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͫͳͽͳͺ͹ͻͪͱͰ͸ͳ͈͹ͺ;ͽͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͱͻͽͬͳͼͰ͸;ͯͳ
ͼͪͷ͹ΒͰͯͪ͸ͳͲͫ͹ͻ ͯͪͼͶ;ͱͳͳͶͳͯͪ;ͷͻͰ ͊ͪͳͯ ͼͽͻ
͈ͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔͪͼͰ;͸ͳ΃ͽͪͬͪ ͪͽͻͭ͹
ͬͳ͸͹ͷ ͼͰͼͬͰ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ ͫͰͲͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪͲͪ͹ͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͺͳͽͪΔͪͻͪͯͪͳͷͳͭͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ
͵͹Βͪ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹͹ͼͽͪΒ;;ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ΒͼͰ͸΁ͳͫ͹ͻͫͰͲͪͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪͺͪ͵ͽͪͼͪΌͪͬ͹Ͷ͹ͷ ͵͹͸ͽͻͪͼͽͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ
ͽ͹ͻͪͳ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͹͵͹ͷͰͼͰΒͪͬ͸͹͸ͰͻͪͼͺͻͪͬΓͪ ͭͯͰ͹ͬͳͯͻ;ͭͳͻͪͯͰ͵ͪ͹ͿͳͲͳ΂͵ͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ΁ͳ
ͳ͸ͽͰͶͰ͵ͽ;ͪͶ͸ͳ͸ͪΒͪͷ͸ͳ΁ͳͳͺͻ͹ͼͽͳͽ;ͽ͵Ͱ ͺ͹ͯͫ;ͯ͸ͳͷ͹͵͹ͷͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹͸ͪ΀ͪ ΒͰͲ;ͳͽͪͳͺ͹Ͷͳ
ͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ͸ͪ;ͼͶ;Ͳͳ͹Ͷͳͭͪͻ΀ͳΒͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͺͶ;ͽ͹͵ͻͪͽͪ͢ͳ΀͹ͬͪtͬͪͷͺͳͻͼ͵ͪ΀͹ͫ͹ͽ͸ͳ΁ͪiͳͷͪͼͬ͹ΒͰ
ͺͳͺ͵Ͱ;ͬͶͪͯͪͷͪ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳͷͫͪ͸͵ͪͷͪ ͻͰͭ;Ͷͪͽ͹ͻͳͷͪͫͰͻͲͰ ͳ͸ͼͽͳͽ;΁ͳΒͪͷͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀Ϳͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͪ
ͳ Ͳͪ ΁ͳΓ ͯͪ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳ ͼͽͪͫͳͶ͸; ͺ͹Ͳͳ΁ͳΒ; ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β ͺͳͻͪͷͳͯͳ ͵ͪͼͽͳ͸ͼ͵͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ
;͹ͫͶͳ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭ ; ͹ͺ΃ͽ͹Β Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͪ͵͹͸ ;ͻ;΃ͪͬͪΔͪ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭ
ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪͺ͹͵ͪͲ;ΒͰͯ͹ͽͪͯͪ ͸Ͱ
ͬͳΌͰ͸ͳͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͳͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͰ͵ͼͽͻͰͷͳͲͪͷͺ͹ͲͪͺͪͯΔͪ΂ͰΔͪ ͳͶͳ

ͪͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͼͬͰͽͪ͠Ͱͯͳ͸ͳͷ͹ͯͰͶ͵͹Βͳͬͳͼͳ͸ͪ΂ͳͬͳͶ;͵;ͺ͹͸;ͯͰ ;͹ͬ͹Βͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ΒͼͰͲ͹͸ͳ
͹͸ͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ ͳͷͪΒ; ͸ͪͷͰͻ; ͯͪ ͼͰ ;͵Ͷ͹ͺͰ ; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͼͬͰͽ ΒͰͼͽͰ tͲͶͪͽ͸ͪ Ͷ;ͯͪ΂͵ͪ ͵͹΃;Γͪi
ͯͪ͸ͪ΃Δͪ ͼ;ͷ͹ͻ͸ͪ ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵ͪ ͯ͹͵ͽͻͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͽͻͪͱͳ ͹ͯ ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸ͳ΀ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪ ͸ͳͼ͵; ͳ͸ͿͶͪ΁ͳΒ; ;ͻͪͬ͸͹ͽͰͱͰ͸ ͫ;ΘͰͽ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰ Βͪͬ͸Ͱ ͪͯͷͳ͸ͳͼͽͻͪ΁ͳΒͰ
ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ; ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱ ͯͰͻͰͭ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ; ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳ΁ͳΒͪ ͳ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ͵͹͸ͬͰͻͽͳ
ͫͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͬͪͶ;ͽͰ ͼͷͪΔͰΔͰ͵͹ͻ;ͺ΁ͳΒͰ ͺͻͳͬͪͽͳͲͪ΁ͳΒ;ͺͰ͸Ͳͳ͹͸͹ͭͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸ͳͺ;ͽ͵ͪ;ͼͺͰ
΀;;͸͹ͬ͹ΒͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͳ ͐ͪ͸ͭ ͼͽͻ–
͈ͻ͹΁ͰΔ;ΒͰͼͰͯͪ;Δ͹Β͸ͪΒͷͪΔͰ ͷͳͶͳ
ΒͪͻͯͳΓ;ͯͳͱͳͬͳ;ͬͰͶͳ͵͹ΒͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ΒͫͰͯͳ ͯ͹͵͸ͪΒͫ͹ͭͪͽͳΒͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ;ͼͬͰͽ;ͳͷͪͬͳ΃Ͱ
ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬͪ͹ͯΔͳ΀
΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͼ͵Ͷͪͯ;ͼͽͬͻͯΔ͹ͷΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͹ͯtͪͺ͹ͼͽ͹Ͷͪi͵Ͷͪͼͳ΂͸͹ͭͶͳͫͰͻͪͶͳͲͷͪ̽ͰΒ
ͬͳ͉ͯͪͳ͵ͪͻͯͪ͹ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸͹ΒͺͶͪͽͳͻͪͯ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͽͪͷͪ͸ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹Βͯͪͳ΀͹ͯͻͱͳ;ͱͳͬ͹ͽ; ͉ͰΒ͸Ͱͻͽ
ͼͽͻ
t͆Ͱͷͪ ͼ;ͷΔͰ ͯͪ ͼͰ ; ͉ͳ͵ͪͻͯ͹ͬ͹Β – ͺͻͳͷ ͪ;ͽ
̾͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹Β ͵ͪ͵͹ ΒͰ ͲͪͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹
ͪͅͻ͵ͼ ͹ͻͪΕͳ͵͹Δͳͷ͸͹ͭ͹ͫ͹ΓͰ΀ͻͪ͸Ͱ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͪΌͳͬͪ΂ͪͲͰͷΓͰ ΒͰͻͼ;ͼͬ͹Βͳ͸ͪ͹ͯͬͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳiͽͪ͵͹
tͲ͸ͪͷ͹ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽͼͽͬ͹ͬͰΕͺ͹ͼͬ͹Β͹Βͺͻͳͻ͹ͯͳͳͼͽ͹ͬͰͽ͸͹ͼ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͫͰͯ͹ͷi ͪͅͻ͵ͼ

ͼͽͻ
ͳͲ΂ͰͭͪΒͰͺͻ͹ͳͲͪ΃Ͷͪt͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͬͶͪͯͪͬͳ͸ͪ ͳͲ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪͲͪ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪi ͼ
͸ͪΒͬͳ΃ͳͷ͸ͳͬ͹͹ͷ͸ͰΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵͹ͼͽͳ ͳͼͪͷ͹ͷͯ͸;ΒͰͯ͸ͪ͵ͳ΀ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ;̸͊̽ ͊ͽͳͭͶͳ΁ ͼͽͻ

ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͽ͹ͻ;͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳ΂;ͬͪͻ;tͲͶͪͽ͸ͰͶ;ͯͪ΂͵Ͱ͵͹΃;ΓͰi
̀ͪͻΒͰ͹͸ͯͪͼͶ;΂ͪΒ͸͹΃ͽ͹ͼ;ͺ͹ͼͶͰͼͰͯͪͷͯͰͼͰͽͳ΀ͭ͹ͯͳ͸ͪͺͻ͹΃Ͷ͹ͭͬͰ͵ͪ ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͯͰ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳ
Β; ͼͷͰ͸ͳͶͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͆͹ͫͰͶ͹ͬ; ͸ͪͭͻͪͯ; ͯ͹ͫͳΒͪͶͳ ͹͸ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳͼͽͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͼ; ͼͬͰ ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹
ͽͬͻͯͳͶͳ͹ͯ̓ͰΒ͸ͼ͇ͪ͸ΒͰ͹ͫΒͪ΃Δͪͬͪ͹ͯͪͼͬͰͲͰͷΓͰͷ͹ͻͪΒ;ͳͷͪͽͳͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͯͪtͻ͹ͫͪ
ͫ;ͯͰͯ͹ͷͪΕͪ͵ͪͯͪΒͰͽ͹ͻͪͲ;ͷ͸͹ͳͷ͹ͭ;ΕͰͳ ͺͻͰͼͬͰͭͪ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼ͵ͳͼͰ͵ͽ͹ͻ;ͼͬͰͷ;ͫͳͽ͸͹ͷ
ͫ;ͯͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶͪ͸i ;Ͳͷͳ͸ͳͷͳͲͳͻͪΔͰͳͼͺͻͰͺͶͰͽͰ͸͹ͼͽͳͳͲͷͰΌ;ͲͰͷͪΓͪ ;ͼ;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹ͷͲͰͷΓͪ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͱͰͫͳͽͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͪ ͉ͰΒ͸Ͱͻͽ ͼͽͻ
͊;ͺͻ͹ͽ͸͹͹ͯ̓ͰΒ͸ͼͪͻͪͯͰͳ;ͫͳ΁Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͸Ͱͼͪͷ͹
ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵Ͱ
͉Ͱ΂ΒͰ͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͺͶͪΕͰ͸ͳͷͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ΁ͳͷͪ͵͹Βͳ͸ͪͺͻͰͬͪͻ; ;ͲͳͷͪΒ; ΃ͳͻ͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͪ
ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͰͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͺͻͰͫͪ΁;Β;Εͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳͲ͊ͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱͫͪ͸͵Ͱ̸ͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͳ̸͊̽ͲͪͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͻͪͲͬ͹Β
64"*%
͵ͪ͹ͳͳͲͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͪͭͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͲͪͺ͹ͷ͹Ε;͵ͪͼͰ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸ͳ΀͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͸͹ͬͳ΀͵͹Ͷ͹
͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͪ– ͺͻͳͷͪ;ͽ
ͳ ΘͰͺ͹ͬͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͸ͪΒͳͷ;Ε͸ͳΒͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ͵͹ΒͰͺ͹ͯ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷ͹ͷͯͻͱͰ
ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸Ͱ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͰ ͈ͻͰͷͪ ͼͬͰͯ͹΂ͰΔ; ͳ ͳͼͺ͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ ͹ͯ Δͳ΀ ͳ͸ͼͪΒͯͰͻͪ ͦ͹͸ͪ ͈Ͱͻ͵ͳ͸ͼͪ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ͹ͻ;ͱΒͪͼ;tͳͲͷͰΌ;͹ͼͽͪͶ͹ͭͶͪͱ͸ͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͲͬͰ΃ͽͪΒͳ ͸ͪͷͰ΃ͽͰ͸ͳͳͲͫ͹ͻͳ ͺ͹ͯͷͳ
ΕͳͬͪΔͰ ͳͲ͸;ΌͳͬͪΔͰ ͼͰ͵ͼͳ;ͫͳͼͽ͇ͬͪ͸ͳͳͭͻͪΒ;ͳͭͻ;ͼͽͪͻ;͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪ ͵͹ΒͪΒͰͺ͹ͺͻͳ
ͷͳͶͪ͸͹ͬͰ Ͳͪͼͽͻͪ΃;Β;ΕͰͯͳͷͰ͸ͲͳΒͰ;ͯͪ͸ͪ΃ΔͰͬͻͰͷͰͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi͌ͼͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͷͫͻͪͽͼͽͬͪ
͵͹ͻͺ͹ͻͪ΁ͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀ͳͫͪ͸͵ͪͻͼ͵ͳ΀ͶͳͯͰͻͪ ͫͪ͸͵Ͱͯͻͱͪͬͪ;ͯͻͱͪͬͳ
΂ͳΒͳΒͰ΁ͳΓͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͪ
ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪ ͳͲͪ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͼͽ͹ΒͰ Ͷ;͵ͪͬͳ Γ;ͯͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͺ͹ͯͼͽͳ΂; ͼͬͰͽͼ͵Ͱ ͶͳͯͰͻͰ ͯͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪ͸; ͯͰ͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵Ͱ
ͷͻͰͱͰ ͻͪͯͳ ͺͻ͹ͷ͹ͬͳͼͪΔͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀ ͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ ͳ͸ͽͰͻͰͼͪ ͢ͳ΀͹ͬ; Ͷ͹ΒͪͶ͸͹ͼͽ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;ΒͰ
Ͳͪͻ͹ͫΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ;ͷͻͰͱͳͯ;ͭ͹ͬͪ͋ͪΒͼͳͼͽͰͷͼͰ͹ͽͰ͹͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͳ̽ͳͻͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͳ͸ͪΒ;ͭͶͰͯ͸ͳΒͳ΀͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ
;͸ͪΒͷΓ;Β;Γ;ͯͰͲͪͫͰͯ͸ͰͺͶͪͽͰ ͵͹Βͳͻ͹ͫ;Β;;͸ͰΓ;ͯͼ͵ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͪͲͳΒͼ͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀
Ϳͪͫͻͳ
͵ͪ ͆ͪͿͽ͸ͳ ͷͪͭ͸ͪͽͳ ͳͼͺ;΃ͽͪΒ; ͹ͽͻ͹ͬͰ ; ͻͰ͵Ͱ ͳ ͺͻͪ΃;ͷͰ ;ͫͳΒͪΒ; Γ;ͯͰ tͫͰͼ͵͹ͻͳͼ͸ͪ ;ͼͽͪi
ͳ
ͱͳͬ͹ͽͳΔͰ ͫͳΓ͵Ͱ ͼͺͻ͹ͬ͹ͯͰͭͰ͸͹΁ͳͯ͸ͪͯͯͻͰͬ͸ͳͷ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻͪͷ͍ͪͪͻͷͪ΁Ͱ;ͽͼ͵ͪͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪ͹ͯͫͳΒͪ
ͯͪ ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳ ͶͰ͵͹ͬͰ ̸Ϳͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͲͪͻͪͱͰ͸ͳͷ ͹ͯ ͬͳͻ;ͼͪ ͼͳͯͰ ͯͬͪ͸ͪͰͼͽ ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͪ ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ;
̸͊̽ ͫͻͳ͸Ͱ ͹ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰͷ ͹ͫͻ͹͵; ; ͊ͻͫͳΒͳ ͼͬͪ͵͹ͷ ΂Ͱͽͬͻͽ͹ͷ ͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵; ͺͻͰͽͳ ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃ͽͬ͹

̓͹ͻͺ͹ͻ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪ Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;Εͳͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵͹Βͷ͹Εͳͳ͸͹ͬ΁; Ͳͪͼͬ͹Β͵͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ͵͹͸ͼͽͪ͸ͽ͸͹ͭͺ͹ͯͻͱͪ
ͬͪΔͪͳ΃ͳͻͰΔͪ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸Ͱͷ͹͸ͼͽͻ;͹Ͳ͸Ͱͷͪ΃ͳ͸Ͱ͵͹Βͪͽͻ͹΃ͳͼͬͰͺͻͰͯͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ ͷ͹ͻͪΕͰͺͻ͹ͱͯͻͽͳ
ͼͪͷ;ͼͰͫͰ
͹ͫͰͲͫͰΌ;Β;ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;΃͵͹Ͷͪ ͺͻͰͯ;ͲͰΕͪͳͷͰͯͳΒͪ ;ͫͰΌ;Β;Εͳ͸ͪͼͯͪΒͰͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃Δͪͭͻͪ
Όͪ͸ͼ͵ͪͯ;ͱ͸͹ͼͽ ͯͪΒͰtͺΓͪ΂͵ͪΔͰiͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͲͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒ;͇͸ͳ͵͹Βͳͼ;ͯͰ͹ͼͳͼ
ͽͰͷͪ;ͱͳͬͪΒ;;Ͷ;͵ͼ;Ͳ; ͬͳͶͰ Βͪ΀ͽͰ ͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸ͳͪͬͳ͹͸ͳ
ͳͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳͼ;;Βͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ͵ͪ͹;Ͳ͹ͻͳ
͌ ͽ͹ͷ Ͱ͵ͼͺͪ͸Ͳͳͬ͸͹ͷ ͺ͹΀͹ͯ; ͺͻͬ͹ ͳͯ; ͫͰͲ͹ͫͻͪͲ͸͹ ͺͶͪΕͰ͸Ͱ ;ͫͳ΁Ͱ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ Ͳͪ Δͳͷͪ ͼͽͬͪͻ͸Ͱ
;ͫͳ΁Ͱ– ΃ͪ͵ͪͶͳ͵͹ΒͰΒͰ͹ͯͪͫͻͪͶͪ$*" ͳͯͻ;ͭͰͽͪΒ͸Ͱ ͼͶ;ͱͫͰ
͸ͪ͵ͻͪΒ; ͪ͵͹͸Ͱ;ͼͺͰΒ; ͺ͹ͼͪ͹ͺͻͰ;
Ͳͳͷͪͬ͹Βͼ͵ͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ͫͳ͹ͫͰͲͫͰͯͳͶͪtͱͳͬ͹ͽ ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ;ͳͺͻͪͬ͹͸ͪͼͻͰΕ;i͋͹ΒͰͯͰ͹ͫ͹ͻͫͰͲͪͼͬͰͽͼ͵;
ͯ͹ͷͳ͸ͪ΁ͳΒ;̓ͪ͵͹ͫͳͼͰͯͻ;ͭͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳͺ͹ͯͻͰͯͳͶͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β͵͹ͻͺ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͺͻͳ͸΁ͳͺ;ͷͪͿͳΒͰ
;ͫͳ΁ͰͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰ ͯͪΒ;;ͼͶ;ͭͰ ;Ϳ͹ͻͷͳ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͪͲͪͳ͸Ϳͻͪͼͽͻ;͵ͽ;ͻ; ͪ;ͽ͹ͺ;ͽͰͬͰ ͪͰͻ͹ͯͻ͹ͷͰ Ͷ;͵Ͱ
ͰͶͰ͵ͽͻͳ΂͸ͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͻ͹ΒͰΔͪ ;Ͳ;ͼͶ͹ͬͯͪͻͪͯ͹ͬͰͳͲͬ͹ͯͰͳ͸ͱͰΔͰͻͼ͵ͰͳͭͻͪΌͰͬͳ͸ͼ͵ͰͿͳͻͷͰͳͲͲͰͷΓͰ
ͯͪͬͪ͹΁ͪ ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ ; ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ ͸͹ͬͪ΁ ͸Ͱ ͹ͯͶͪͲͳ ͳͲ ̸͊̽ ͳͶͳ ͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ ͯͪͬͪ͹΁ͪ ͵ͻͰͯͳͽͪ

̓ͻͰͯͳͽͳ ͼ; ͽ͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ͬͰͶͳ͵ͳ ͯͪ ΒͰ ͯ;ͱ͸ͳ͵ ͺͻͳͷ͹ͻͪ͸ ͯͪ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳ ͼ ͹ͽͺͶͪͽ͹ͷ ͯ;ͭͪ ͺͪ ͼͰ Ͳͪ΀ͽͰͬͪΒ;
͵͹ͷͺͰ͸Ͳͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵ͪ͹΃ͽ͹ͼ; ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹Ͷͪ͸ͪͯͭͶͪͼͪΔͰͷ;͌ΒͰͯͳΔͰ͸ͳͷ͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪͷͪ ͺ͹ͼͽͪͬΓͪΔͰͬ͹Β͸ͳ΀
ͫͪͲͪ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͯͻͪͭ͹΁Ͱ͸ͳͷ ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͳͷͪ ͆ͪ ͽͪΒ ͸ͪ΂ͳ͸ ͺ͹ΒͰͯͳ͸Ͱ ͲͰͷΓͰ ͼͰ ͺͻͳ͵Γ;΂;Β; ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹Β
ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͳ͋; ͼͰͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͳ΃Ͱͼͽͪͽͳͼͽͳ͵ͪͷͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͿͳͲͳ΂͵͹ͭͲͪͬ͹ΌͰΔͪͳͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ
ͷͪ͸ͳͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͵͹ΒͰ ͺ͹ͽ͵ͻͰͺΓ;Β; ΀ͽͰΔͪ ͪ͸ͪͶͳͽͳ΂ͪͻͪ ͵ͪ͹ ͪͯͬ͹͵ͪͽͪ ͳ ͺͼͳ΀͹ͽͰͻͪͺͰ;ͽͪ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͫͳ
ͲͰͷΓͰ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;ͲͰͶͰͺ͹ͲͪΒͷͳ΁ͰͫͳͶͰͯ͹ͬͰͯͰ͸Ͱͯ͹ͫͪ͸͵ͻ͹ͽͼͽͬͪ ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰͷͺͻ͹ͿͳͽͪͳͲͬ͹Όͪ΂ͳͷͪ
ͻͪͯ͹ͬͪ ͺͻͪͬΓͰΔͰͷͼͻͰΕ͸ͳͷͳͫ͹ͭͪͽͳͷ΃ͪ΂ͳ΁Ͱͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ͺ͹ͻ͹ͯͳ΁ͪ ͯ͹͵ͼͰͺ͹Ͷ͹ͱͪΒͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸ͳ΀
͵͹Βͳ ͺͶͪΕͪΒ; ͸ͪΒͬͰΕ; ΁Ͱ͸; ͯ;ͱ͸ͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ; ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͸Ͱ ;Ͳͳͷͪ ; ͹ͫͲͳͻ ̺ͰΕͳ͸ͪ ͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵ͳ΀
ͭͻͪΌͪ͸ͪ͵ͻ͹Ͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔͰͳͷͰͯͳΒͰ ͽͪ͵ͬͰͺ͹ͼͽ;ͺ͵Ͱͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪ͵ͪ͹ͪͶͽͻ;ͳͼͽͳ΂͵Ͱ ͫ͹ͻͫ;ͺͻ͹ͽͳͬ
͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷͪ ͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒͰ ͽͰͻ͹ͻͳͲͷͪ ͯͰͼͺ͹ͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͻͰͱͳͷ̺ͪͰ΃ͽͳ͸ͪͼͳͼͽͰͷͪͺ͹΂ͳͬͪ͸ͪͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͷ
ͳͼ͵;ͼͽͬ; ͻͰͽ͵͹ͺͻͳͫͰͭͪͬͪ͸ͰͶͰͭͪͶ͸ͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͳͺ͹ͯͰͿͳ͸ͳ΁ͳΒͳΒͰͶͰͭͳͽͳͷ͸ͪ ͯͰͶ;ΒͰͼ͵ͻ͹
ͷ͸͹ ͸͹ͻͷͪͶ͸͹ ͳͺͻ͹ͺ͹ͬͰͯͪͪͶͽͻ;ͳͲͪͷ ͯͳͬ͹ͽ;΀;ͷͪ͸ͳͽͪͻ͸͹ͭͻͪͯͪ ͺͻͰ͵ͻͳͬͪͼͽ͹Ͷ͹ͬͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸ͳ΀
͹ͯͫ͹ͻͪͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀͵͹͸ͿͰͻͰ͸΁ͳΒͪ ͽͪͫͰͶͪͷͪͳͿͳ͸ͪ͸ͼͳΒͼ͵ͳͷͺͻ͹ͻͪ΂;͸ͳͷͪͳͺͻͰͯͪΒͰ͹t΂;ͯͳͷͪ
ͷͪ͵ͻ͹Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͳΒͰi͸ͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͷͿͪ͵;ͶͽͰͽ;͸͎ͪͪͻͬͪͻͯ; ͐ͳ͵ͪͭ; ͊ͪ͸ͽͳΒͪͭ; ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ; ͈ͻͳ΃
ͽͳ͸ͳt͊;ͺͽͳͶ͸͹ͼͽͳͲͭͻͪͯΔͰ͹ͬͰͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸ͰͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰͺ͹ͼͻͪͷͳͶͪ ͫͳͻͳͷͼ͵Ͱ΁Ͱ͸ͽ;ͻͳ͹͸Ͱ ΃ͺͪ͸
ͼ͵Ͱ͵͹͸͵ͬͳͼͽͪͯ͹ͻͰͳͰͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪͽ͹ͻͰ97***ͳ9*9ͬͰ͵ͪi ͈Ͱͻ͵ͳ͸ͼ ͼͽͻ–
ͽͪ͵͹
ͯͪ ͫͳ ͵ͪ͹ ͳ ͦ͹ͻΘ ͇ͻͬͰͶ ͳͲͭͶͰͯͪͶͳ ͺͪͻͪ͸͹ͳ΂͸͹ ͇ͻͬͰͶ ͵͹Βͳ ΒͰ ͼ͵ͻͰͽͪ͹ ͵ͪ ͯͰͼ͸ͳ΁ͳ ͵ͪ͵͹ ͼ;
ͺͻͳͷͰͽͳͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳ tͫͳ͹ ΒͰ
ͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸΃ͽ͹ΒͰ;ͷͻ͹ͽͪ͵͹ͷͶͪͯi ͊ͪ͸;͸ͯͰͻͼ ͼͽͻ

͊ͳͶͳ΁ͳΒ;ͷͼ͵ͪͯ͹Ͷͳ͸ͪ͵ͪ͹tͳͼͽ;ͻͰ͸͹͹ͯͰΓͰΔͰ͈Ͱ͸ͽͪͭ͹͸ͪi ͳͶͳt͉ͳͷͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽͼ͵͹ͭͯ͹ͫͪi
΂ͳΒͳͳ͸ͽͰͻ͸Ͱͽ͵͹͸΁ͰͺͽͳͳͲͪͲͳͬͪΒ;ͼͽͻͪ΀͹ͺ͹΃ͽ͹ͬͪΔͰtͲͫ͹ͭΔͳ΀͹ͬͰͬ͹ΓͰͯͪ͹ͼͽͪͽͪ͵ͼͬͰͽͪͺͻͰͽ
ͬ͹ͻͰ;ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒ;ͫͰͲ ͺͻͪͬͪͭͶͪͼͪi ̓ͰͲͰ ͼͽͻ
ͳͼͳͷͫ͹ͶͿͪͼ΁ͳ͸ͪ͸ͽ͸Ͱͳ
͸ͰͰͭͪͶͳͽͪͻ͸Ͱ tͯͻ;ͭͰi ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͋ ͈ͳ͵Ͱͽͳ
ͺͻ;ͱͪ ͸͹ͬ͹Β ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͸ͪͼͶͰΌͰ͸Ͱ
ͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ ͼͳͷͫͳ͹Ͳ͹ͷͯ;΀ͪͳ ͺͻͪͭͷͪͽͳ΂͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͰͷͼ͸ͪ ͹tͰͶͰ͵ͽͻ͹͸ͼ͵͹ͷ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͷ
ͯ;΀;i ͬͳ΃ͳ΀Ͳ͸ͪΔͪ͹;ͺͻͪͬΓͪΔ; ͳ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͳͼͬͰͽ͹ͷ ͯ;ͫ͹͵͹ͼ͵ͻͳͬͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯΒͪͬ͸͹ͼͽͳͳ͸ͪ;΂͸ͳ΀
ͺ͹ͼͶͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹Βͳͫͪ΁ͪΒ;ͺͻͪ΃ͳ͸;;͹΂ͳ͹ͫͳ΂͸ͳͷͼͷͻͽ͸ͳ΁ͳͷͪ́Ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ΀ͻͪͲͶ͹ͭͪͳͼͯͻ;͵΂ͳΒͳͷ
ͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁ͪͷͪ ; ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͳ ͵͹Βͪ ͺ͹ͽͺͳͻ;ΒͰ ͸ͪͼͽͪ͸ͪ͵ ͷ͹͸͹ͺ͹Ͷͪ ͳ ͪ͵;ͷ;Ͷͪ΁ͳΒ; ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͪ ;
ͷͪͶ͹ͷͫͻ͹Β;͵͹ͷͺͪ͸ͳΒͪ ͺ͹͸ͪͬΓͪͼͰ ͹͸͹΃ͽ͹ΒͰͽ͹͵͹ͷͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ Β͹΃ͼͻͰͯͳ͸͹ͷ9*9
990
ͬͰ͵ͪ ͲͪͺͪͲͳ͹̓ͪͻͶͪͅͻ͵ͼ̓ͪ͵͹ͼ;͹ͺͳͼͪͶͳ͸Ͱ͵ͳͪ;ͽ͹ͻͳ ͻͰ΂ΒͰ͹tͳ͸Ϳ͹͵͹ͷ;͸ͳͲͷ;ͺ͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͷͼͪ
ͫͰͼ͵ͻ;ͺ;Ͷ͹Ͳ͸͹ͷ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷ ͺ͹΀ͶͰͺ͹ͷi ͵ͪ͹ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬͳͲͪtͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͰ͸Ͱ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹͵͹͸΁Ͱͻ͸ͪ–
ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ͸ͳ΀ ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪi ͇΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸Ͱ ͼ; ͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵Ͱ ͺͪͻͪͶͰͶͰ ͳ t͹͸͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͯͪ͸ͪͼ ͯ͹ͱͳͬΓͪͬͪͷ͹
ͫ;ͯͳͼͰΕͪΔͪ͸ͪͽͪͷ͸ͪͺ͹ͭͶͪͬΓͪͰ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵Ͱͳͼͽ͹ͻͳΒͰi ̓ͰͲͰ ͼͽͻ
͸ͪͼͽͬͪͻͳ͵͹ΒͰ͸ͪͷ͸Ͱ
͵ͪͱ; ͹ ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷ; ͐ͪ͸ͭ
͈ͪͻͪͯͳͭͷͪͽͳ΂ͪ͸ ͺͻͳͷͰͻ ͺͻͰͯͼͽͪͬΓͪ ͽͻͪ͸Ͳͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ
ͺ͹ͼͽ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͪͷͫͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͼ͵ͳ΀ͯͻͱͪͬͳ΁ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͼͽͳͺͻͰͳͷͰ͸͹ͬͪͶͳ;̀ͪͺͪͯ͸ͳ̹ͪͶ
͵ͪ͸ ͇͸ ͼͰ ͼ͹΁ͳ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ͪ͸ͽͻ͹ͺ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ ͷ͹ͱͰ ͸ͪΒͫ͹ΓͰ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪͽͳ ͵ͪ͹ ΀ͻ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ ͳ͸ͯ;ͼͽͻͳΒͼ͵͹ͭ
ͭͻ͹ͫΓͪͳͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͰ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͻͰͼ;ͻͼͪͻͪͯͳ͹ͼͽͬͪͻͰΔͪͼ͸ͪ͹ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳͷͫͻͰ͸ͯ͹ͬͳͷͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ
;ͼ;΃ͽͳ͸ͳ͸ͰͿ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͯͻ;΃ͽͬͪ ͵͹ΒͰͽͻͪͯͳ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͳͷͪͯͰͿͳ΁ͳͽ ͼͺ͹ͼ͹ͫ͸͹ͼͽͳ ;ͺͻͪͬ
ΓͪΔͪ ͼͪͷͳͷ ͼ͹ͫ͹ͷ ͳΒ͹΃͸ͰͼͷͰͯͪ͹ͺͼͽͪ͸Ͱ;͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͼͽͳ΂͵͹ͷͼͳͼͽͰͷ; ͵͹͸Ϳ;Ͳ͸͹ͽͻͪͱͰΕͳ
ͽ;ͽ͹ͻͰ ͳͲͪ΃ͽͳͽ͸ͳ͵Ͱ.
͆ͪ͵͹͸ ͻͪͼͺͪͯͪ t͵͹͵ͪ͵͹Ͷͪ ͼ͹΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪi ̺;΂ͰͽͳΕ
Δͳ΀͹ͬͪ ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯͪ ͳ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹

Ϳ;͸͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΃Ͱͺ͹ͽͳͺͳ΂͸͹ͷ͹ͫͻͪͼ΁;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳ΀ ;ͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͪ ͺ͹ͯͿͳͻͷ͹ͷͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀;ͶͪͭͪΔͪ ͼͶ͹
ͫ͹ͯ͸Ͱͽͻͭ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳ͵͹ͷͺͪͻͪͽͳͬ͸ͰͺͻͰͯ͸͹ͼͽͳ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͰͳΒͰͿͽͳ͸Ͱͻͪͯ͸Ͱͼ͸ͪͭͰ͆Ͱ͵ͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͹ͯͻͰ
Ό;Β;͵ͪ͵͹ͳͭͯͰͯͪͺ͹ͽͻ͹΃ͳͷ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬ͸͹ͬͪ΁͵͹Βͳͷ͹͸ͳͼͽͬͪͻ͸͹͵ͻͰͯͳͽͳͻͪΒ;ͬͶͪͼͽͳͽ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯ
Δ; ͳ ;ͼͶ;ͭͰ ͺ;ͽͰͷ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ͽͰ͸ͯͰͻͪ ͽͪ͵͹ ͯͪ Ͳͫ͹ͭ ͯ͹͸ͪ΁ͳΒͪ ͺ͹ͺ;ͽ ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ tͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸ͳ
ͫ;ΘͰͽͳ Ͳͪ͵͹͸Ͱ
΃ͪΓͰͷ͹͸ͪ͹ͯ͹ͫͻͰΔͰ;ͳ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸ͼͽͬ͹i ͺͻͰͽͬͪͻͪΒ;Εͳͼͻͺͼ͵;ͺͻͳͬͻͰͯ;;tͼ͵Ͷͪ
ͺͪ΂͸ͳ΁;ͽ;Όͳ΀ͳ͸͹ͬͪ΁ͳΒͪͳ;ͬͰͲͰ͸ͳ΀ͺ͹Ͷ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͪi ͌̽ͰͶͰͬͳΕ ͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ͪͺͻͳͶ
ͼͽͻ–
͊ͬͰͽ͹ͯͰͶ;ΒͰ͵ͪ͹ͯͰ͹ͺͳͻͪͷͳͯͪͶ͸ͰͳͭͻͰͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱͺͪ͸͹ͺͽͳ΂͵Ͱ͵͹͸ͽͻ͹ͶͰ ͵͹Βͪ͸ͪͼ
Ͳͪͻͪͯͺ͹ͫ͹Γ΃ͪΔͪͰͿͳ͵ͪͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͺ͹ͯΒͪͻͷΓ;ΒͰͼͽͻͪ͸ͳͷͷ͹Εͳͷͪ ͸ͪ͵͹ΒͰͪͺͼ͹Ͷ;ͽ͸͹͸Ͱͷͪͷ͹͸ͳ͵ͪ
͵ͪͬ;ͽͳ΁ͪΒ ͸ͳͽͳͳ΀ͺ͹Ͳ͸ͪΒͰͷ͹̽ͰͶ;ΒͰͷ͹ͼͶͳ΂͸͹ͅͰ͵ͼͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͷͪ ͵͹Βͳ΂ͰͲ͸;ΕͳͲͪͫͶͪͭ͹ͼͽͪΔͰͷͳ
ͼͶ͹ͫ͹ͯ͹ͷͪͷͰͻͳ΂͵͹ͭͼ͸ͪ ͼͰͬͰͻ͸͹͹ͯͭͻͪ͸ͳ΁Ͱ tͺͳΒ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͵͹͵ͪ͵͹ͶͰͺ͹ͭͶͪͬͳͼͽͪ͸͹ͬ͸ͳ͵ͪ͸Ͱͭ͹
ͫͳͶ͹͵͹Βͳͯͻ;ͭͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͪͼͬͰͽ;i ͸Ͱͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΒ;ΕͳͯͪΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͽ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͳͼͬͰͽͷͰͼͽ͹ͳͲͷͰ΃ͪ͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͪ͠͸ͭ ͼͽͻ
͵͹ΒͰ͸͹ͼͳ͹ͺͪͼ͸͹ͼͽ;ͽ͹ͷͰ΃ͽ͹ͺ͹ͼͽ͹Βͳ͸͹ͬͪͬͻͼͽͪͪ;ͽ͹ͯͰͼͽͻ;͵ͽͳͬ͸Ͱ
ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͪ ͯͰͶ; ͼͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸Ͱ ͯͪ ͹ͯͻͱͳ ͸͹ͬͳ ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ͻͰͯͪ͵ ͽͪ͵͹ ΃ͽ͹ ;ͺͻͪͱΔͪͬͪ ͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸Ͱ
͹ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ ͸ͰͼͶͪͭͪΔͪ ̓ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͪͷ ΒͰ ͹΂ͳͭͶͰͯ͸͹ ;ͼͺͰ͹ ͯͪ ͺͻͳͶͪͭ͹ͯͳ ͹ͽͺ͹ͻ ͼͰͫͳ ͽͪ͵͹ ΃ͽ͹ ͳ ͹͸
͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲ;ΒͰͳ;ͬͰΕͪͬͪΔͰͭ͹ͬ;ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯΔ; ́ͼͽ͹ ͼͽͻ
̀ͪͽ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯͰ΁ͪ ͸ͪͺͻͳͷͰͻ;
͆Ͱͷͪ΂͵͹Β ͸ͪ͵͹Β;΂Ͱͼͽ͹ͬ͹Ͷͳͷ͹ͯͪͼͰ;ͭͶͰͯͪͷ͹ t͹ͯͻͪͼͽͪΒ;;Ͳ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵ͰͯͪͯͳΓͰͯͪͫͳͫͳͶͪͫ͹ΓͰ
ͺͻͳͺͻͰͷΓͰ͸ͪ Ͳͪ ͸ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͰΕ; ͫ;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽi ̓ͰͲͰ ͼͽͻ
ͳͼͽ͹΂͸͹ ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
tͺ;ͽͪ ͼͬͳͶͰi ; ͵͹Βͳ ͼͰ ;Ͷͪͱ; ͼͽ͹ͽͳ͸Ͱ ͷͳͶͳΒͪͻͯͳ ͯ͹Ͷͪͻͪ ͻͪͯͳ ͹ͼͬͪΒͪΔͪ ͽͻͱͳ΃ͽͪ Ͳͪ ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵Ͱ
ΒͰͿͽͳ͸ͳΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͰ ͇ͬ; ͺ͹Βͪͬ; ́͸ͯͳΒ΁ͳ ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸͹ ͸ͪͲͳͬͪΒ; ͵ͳ͸Ͱͼ͵ͳͷ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷ͹ͷ ͺ͹ͯ
Ϳͳͻͷ͹ͷͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ͆ͪͷͪ ͵ͪ͹ͳ;ͬͰ͵͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪΒͰͼͶͰͯͰΕͳ͵͹ͻͪ͵͵ͪͷ͹ͯͰͻ͸͹ͷ ͳͼͪͷ͹ͺ͹΃ͽ͹
ͬͪΔͰͼ͹ͺͼͽͬͰ͸͹ͭ ;͸Ͱͯ͹ͼͽͪͽ͵;ͪ;ͽ͹͸͹ͷ͸ͳ΀ͺͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͳ Ͱ͵͹͸͹ͷͼ͵͹ͭͻͪͲͬ͹Βͪ ͽͪ͵͹ͯͪͼͰ͸ͪͼͽͪ
ͬΓͪΒ;ͯ;ͭͳͶͪ͸΁ͳ ͸Ͱ
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳͯͻͱͪͬͰ͵ͪ͹΀ͳͺ͹ͽͰ͵ͪͻ͸Ͱ ͲͪͶ͹ͭͰ ͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ΀ͫͪ͸ͪ͵ͪͳ
ͳ͸ͬͰͼͽͳͽ͹ͻͪ ΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͵͹͸Ϳ;Ͳ͸͹ͭ ͺͪͻͪ
ͯͻͱͪͬ͸͹ͭ΀ͳͫͻͳͯͪ;͵͹ͷͰΒͰͬͻͶ͹ͽͰ΃͵͹ͽͰ͹ͻͳΒͼ͵ͳͳͺͻͪ͵
ͽͳ΂͸͹ ͻͪͲͶ;΂ͳͽͳ ͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ ΒͰ ͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵ͽ͹ͻͪͽ ͬͪͲͪͶ ͳͶͳ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪ ͷͰΌ;͸ͪͻ͹ͯ͸ͳ΀ ΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪ ͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸Ͱ
ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͷ͹Εͳ ͵͹Βͳ ͯͳͻͳͭ;ΒͰ ͪ͸ͪͻ΀ͳΒ͹ͷ ΀ͪ͹ͼͪ ͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ ͺͻͰ͵͹ ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀ ͭ;ͬͰͻ͸Ͱͻͪ
ͺͻ͹
Ͱͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵Ͱ͹ͻͳΒͰ͸ͽͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;ͼͽ͹Ͷͳ΂Ͱ͸ͳ΀Ͳͪ΀ͬͪΓ;Β;ΕͳͼͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͳtͼͳͭ;ͻͪ͸ͭͶͪͼi ͹ͼͷͳ΃ΓͰ͸͹ͷ
͹ͯ ͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͼͽͻͪͽͰ΃͵͹ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ tͽͳ͸͵ ͽͪ͸͵͹ͬͪi ̀ͪͺͪͯͪ ͺͻͬͰ͸ͼͽͬͰ͸͹ ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵Ͱ
ͳ ͽͳͷ͹ͬͪ
991
tͺͳͼͪ΁ͪͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͼͽͪiͳͳͼͽͪ͵͸;ͽͳ΀͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪ ΂ͳΒͳͳ͸ͱͰΔͰͻͳ͸ͭ ͺ͹ͯͻͪͲ;ͷͰͬͪ΃ͳͻ͹͵ͳͲͫ͹ͻ
ͶͳͯͰͻͪͳͲͼͬͰͽͪͬͶͪͼͽͳͳͺͻͳͬͪͽ͸͹ͭͫͳͲ͸ͳͼͪ ͼͺͰ΁ͳΒͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ ͸ͪΒ΂Ͱ΃ΕͰ
͸ͪ̀ͪͺͪͯ;͌ͺ͹ͼͽͷ͹
ͯͰͻ͸͹ΒͭͰ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͳ ͺ͹ͯͻ;΂ΒͰͰ͵ͼΒ;ͭ͹ͼͶ͹ͬͰ͸ͼ͵͹ͭͺͻ͹ͼͽ͹ͻͪ ͵ͻͰͪͽ͹ͻͳͷͪ ͳΔͳ΀͹ͬͳͷͽͪ͵ͷͪ΁ͳͷͪ

͸͹ͬ͹ͭͼͬͰͽͼ͵͹ͭͺ͹ͻͰͽ͵ͪͼͶ;ͱͳͶ͹ΒͰ ͳͼͶ;ͱͳ ͵ͪ͹Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽͪͶ͸͹ͯ͹ͫͻ͹ ͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸ͪͶͪͫ͹ͻͪͽ͹
ͻͳΒͪ; ͺͻͳͻ͹ͯ͸ͳͷ;ͼͶ͹ͬͳͷͪͳͼͷͰͽͶͳ΃ͽͰͲͪͳͲͬ͹ͲΔͳ΀͹ͬͰ͸Ͱ͵ͬͪͶͳͽͰͽ͸Ͱ ΂ͪ͵ͳ΃͵ͪͻͽͻ͹ͫͰͳ
ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳΌͰ͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ΒͰ͵ͪͽͪ;Ͳ͹ͽͬ͹ͻͰ͸; ͳͺͻͰΕ;ͽ͸;
ͺ͹ͯͻ΃͵;ͯ͹ͷͪΕͳ΀
͹ͽ;ΌͰ͸ͳ΀΁Ͱ͸ͽͪͻͪͯͻ;΃ͽͬͰ͸Ͱͷ͹Εͳ ͼͪͼͽͪͬΓͰ͸ͳ΀͹ͯͬͻ΀͹ͬͪͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳ΀ͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ͵ͪ ͽͪΒ͸ͳ΀ͼͶ;ͱ
ͫͳ ͳ ͽͪΒ͵;͸ͪ ;ͱͳͬͪͶͪ΁ͪ ͺͻͳͬͳͶͰͭͳΒͪ ͳ ͼͳ͸Ͱ͵;ͻͪ ͯ͹ ͵͹Βͳ΀ ͸ͳΒͰ ;͹ͺ΃ͽͰ ͯ͹ͺͳͻͪͶͪ ͼͬͰͼͽ ͯͪ ͼ;
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳͼͪͷ͹͹͸ͳ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͳ͵͹ΒͳͱͰͶͰͯͪͫ;ͯ;͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ ͳͯͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶ͸ͳΒͰͯ͸;
ͼͳͻ͹ͷͪ΃͸;ͲͰͷΓ;͸ͳΒͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳ͹ͫ͹ͭͪͽ͹ͷ ͸ͳͽͳͼͰͽ͹ͷ͹ͱͰ;΂ͳ͸ͳͽͳͻͪͼͺͻ͹ͯͪΒ͹ͷͯ͹ͷͪΕͰͭͫ͹ͭͪͽͼ
ͽͬͪ ͳ ͳͲͬ͹Ͳ͹ͷ ΒͰͿͽͳ͸Ͱ ͻ͹ͫ͹ͬͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸Ͱ ͻͪͯ͸Ͱ ͼ͸ͪͭͰ ͵ͪ͹ ͯͰ͹ ͺͻ͹΁Ͱͼͪ ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͪͻͰ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ
̀ͪͺͪͯ͸͹̹ͭͪͶ͵ͪ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͪ ͸ͪ ͱͪͶ͹ͼͽ ͸ͳΒͰ;Ͳ;ͻͺͪͽ͹ͻͼ͵ͪ ͬͰΕͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͇ͪ͹ͬ͹ͷͫͳͼͷ͹ͺ͹͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹
ͷ͹ͭͶͳ͸ͪ;΂ͳͽͳ͹̸ͯ͊̽ ͵͹ΒͰͼ;;tͬͶͪͼ͸ͳ΃ͽͬ;ͬͳ΃Ͱ͹̸ͯͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ͸΁ͳͳͷͪΔͰ͹ͯͼͽͻͪ͸ͪ
΁ͪi ͈ͳ͵Ͱͽͳ ͼͽͻ
ͳͼͬ͹Β;ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪͶ͸;ͷ͹Ε͹ͺͰͽͭͻͪͯͰ͸ͪͺͻ͹ͽͰ͵΁ͳ͹͸ͳͲͷ; ̸ͷͰͻͳ͵ͪ
ΒͰ͸ͪͺͻͬ͹ͷͷͰͼͽ;i͈͹͸ͪ΃ͪΒ;ͼͰͼͪͷ͹ͯ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͳ͸ͪΒͰͲͳ΂͵͹ͷͳ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͸͹ͷͺͶͪ͸; ͌͊ΒͰͯͳΔͰ
͸ͳͷ̽ͻͱͪͬͪͷͪͽ͹͵͹ͷͳ ͭ͹ͯͳ͸Ͱͺͻ͹ͯͪͽͳ΀͵Δͳͭͪ͸ͪͺͳͼͪͶͳͼ;͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͳͪ;ͽ͹
ͻͳi ͑͹ͫͰͳͪͅͻͽͰ͸ ͼͽͻ

͊ͽ͹ͭͪ ΒͰ ͸ͪͷͰͻͪ ͹ͬ͹ͭ ͻͪͯͪ ͫͳͶͪ ͯͪ ͺ͹͵ͪͱͰͷ͹ ͯͪ ͳͭͻͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͸ͳΒͰ ͸͹ͬͪ ͳ ͼͽͪͻͪ ΒͰ
͵͹Ͷͳ͵͹ͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͪ tͯ͹ͫͻ͹ͬ͹Γ͸͹ͻ͹ͺͼͽͬ͹iͳtͺͻ͹ͯͪΒͪͺ͹ͫ;ΔͰ͸ͳ͵ͪi ͪ͵͹ΒͪͼͰ͸Ͱ͵ͪͯ΃ͳͻͳͶͪ͵͹ͺ
͸͹ͷ ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰͷ͹ͻͰͷ ͪͯͪ͸ͪͼͼͰ΃ͳͻͳΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ ͯͳͭͳͽͪͶ͸ͳͷͷͻͰͱͪͷͪͳ͸ͰͼͶ;ΕͰ͸ͳͷͷ͹ͭ;Ε͸͹ͼͽͳ
ͷͪͳ͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͳ΀ͽͰ΀͸͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͋ͪ͵͹ͯͪͷͳͬͰΕͬͳ΃Ͱ͸ͳͼͷ͹͵ͶͳΒͰ͸ͽͳͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͳͶͳ͵͹͸
΁Ͱͻ͸ͪ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰͯͻ;ͭͪ΂ͳΒͳͷͼͻͰͯͼͽͬͳͷͪ ͷͳͼͷ͹Δͳ΀͹ͬͳͺͻ͹ͳͲͬ͹ͯͳ ̿ͳͬͳͷ͹ͺ͹ͯt͸͹ͬͳͷ
ͬͪͻͬͪͻͳͲͷ͹ͷiͷͳͼͷ͹͸͹ͻͷͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸͹ͭ ͸Ͱ͹
͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳΒͪͶͳͲͷͪͷͪͻͳ͹͸Ͱͽͪ͸Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͰͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳ
ΒͰ ͹ͫ͸ͪͬΓͪΔͪ͵ͪͺͳͽͪͶͳͲͷͪ ̽Ͱͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͪΒͰ ͼͪͷ͹ͳͲͭ͹ͬ͹ͻͳͷͺͰͻͳΒͰ ͵͹Βͪ Β͹΃ ;ͬͰ͵͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹΂ͰͶͪ
tͯͰͶͳͽͳ ͫͶͪͭ͹ ͬͰ͵͹ͬͪ ͵͹Ͷ͹͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰi ̾ ͅͳ͸ͯͽͪͭ
ͼͪͲͯͪ͸͹ͭ ͸ͪ ͺ͹ͽ΂ͳΔͪͬͪΔ; ͹ͭͻ͹ͷ͸͹ͭ ͫͻ͹Βͪ
ͷͪͻͭͳ͸ͪͶͳͲ͹ͬͪ͸ͳ΀ͳͳͲ͹ͺ΃ͽͰ͸ͳ΀΃ͳͻ͹ͷͼͬͰͽͪ͆ͰͭͪΒͳͷ͹ ͸ͪͯ; ͪΒ͹΃ͷͪΔͰͳͶ;ͲͳΒ; ͯͪͫͳͽ͹
ͷ͹ͭͶͪͺ͹΂Ͱͽͳ;ͼ͵͹ͻ͹
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Globalization & Glocalization : thematic collection of papers of
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;ͲͽͰ͵ͼͽ- ̹ͳͫͶͳ͹ͭͻͪͿͳΒͪ;Ͳͼͬͪ͵ͳͻͪͯ- Summaries.
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Globalizacija I Glokalizacija Zbornik 2017

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ʒʚʝʐʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʸʏʗʒʚʝʙʏʚʗʖʏʥʗʸʏ

ISBN 978-86-6349-083- ͍͍̓ͅ

ISBN 978-86-7419-297- ͈́͊

̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶͪ͆ ̺ͪͼͳͶͳΒͰͬͳΕ ̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶͪͅ͊;ͯͲͳͶ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ

Unification and Differences in the Glocalization Process

͊ͽͻͪͽͰͭͳΒͪ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͳΒͰ ͺͻͰ͸ͰͫͻͰͭͪͬͪ ͼ;͵͹ͫ ͼ ͺ͹Ͷͳͽͳ΂͵ͳͷ ͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͳͷͪ

̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬ ͊(2006). ͏ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆͹ͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ.

DEMOCRACY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF GLOBAL STRUGGLE

̸̸͇̓͆͋͆́̀͏̸́͠ ̸̸͉̻͉̀͆́͐̾̾͢ ̸͈͇̽̾̈́

͋Ͱͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪLN2  ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ

CANTONISA5*0/ %&-*/&"5*0/ %*7*4*0/

͇ͯ΂;ͬͰ͸ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͻ͹΂͵ͳ΀ͻͰ΂ͳ̹Ͱ͸ͪͦ͹͸ͼ͹͸ͪ ͑Ͱ͵ͼͺͳͻ͹ͬ͹ͭͼͪͬͻͰͷͰ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͯͪΒͰ͹͸ͺͳͼͪ΁͵͹Βͳ

(Šekspir, 1966, *7 ͼͽͻ

»FLTQJS  *** ͼͽͻ

̓ͶͰ͹ͺͪͽͻͪ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;Β;ͼͬ͹Β;ͻ͹ͯ͸;ͳ͸ͿͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͱͰͶͳͻͪͽͼͪ͏ͰͲͪͻ͹ͷ

»FLTQJS  *** ͼͽͻ

»FLTQJS *** ͼͽͻ

»FLTQJS * ͼͽͻ

ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͯͪΒ͹ͷΒͰͼͽͰͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͼͽͬͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹΂Ͱͬͳ͸; ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹͌

̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ̀ 

̹ͰͶͪ ͆ 

̺ͼͳ΂͵ͳͪͬͽ͹ͻͳ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼͳͷ͹ ͹ͽͽΊ΀͸ͪͽͪͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸ͪ͸ͪͼ͹΂Ͱ͸͹ͼͽ ͵͹ͳͽ͹ͼͰͲͪ͸ͳͷͪͬͪͽͼ

Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɬɨɪɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɤɪɢɡɢɫɚɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɛɵɜɲɟɣɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɢɢ  . Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ

̹ͪΒͳΕ ͈ 

͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͆́͆ ; ͫͻ    

̹ͪͭͬͪͽͳ ͠ 

CULTURAL IDENTITY OF YOUNG PEOPLE UNDER

͈ͻͰ͹ͫͶͪͯͪΉ΄ͳͷ Ϳͪ͵ͽ͹ͻ͹ͷ ͻͪͲͬͳͽͳΊ ͼ͹ͬͻͰͷͰ͸͸͹ͭ͹ ͷͳͻͪ ΊͬͶΊͰͽͼΊ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΊ ͼ͹΁ͳ-

ɄɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ  ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɗɁȺɉɊɂɇɌ

́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ̾ͽͳͷ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͻͰ΂ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͰͲͪͶͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ΒͪͷJEFOUJDVT,

͈͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ ͼͰͯͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪͶ͹ͳͲ͸ͪͯͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͶͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ– ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ

͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ͸;ͯͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸;ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͬͪͱ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;– ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ

͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͆Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ

"SOFUU ++ 

GLOBALIZATION AND NATIONAL IDENTITY

%SBØLPWJǀ . 

"SNPVS + 

#3&9*5 AND 5)& NEW IMAGE OF EU CORPORATE WORLD

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͈͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵99*ͬͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹ΒͰͻͪͼͽ;Εͳͫͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪͼͬ;ͯͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͺͪͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ

̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ

̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ

̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ͬͰͼͽͳ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ

͌ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt͊;ͼͰͯͳi ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ Β;͸ͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ΒͰͽͰ͵ͼͽtͪͅͻ͹ͬͳΕΒ͹΃ͫ͹Ͷ;ΒͰi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͊

̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ

̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ

̽ͪͽ;ͷ ͌͵;ͺ͸͹ͬͰͼͽͳ ̹ͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯ͸ͳ΀ ͈ͻ͹΁Ͱ͸ͪͽ

͈͹Ͷͳͽͳ͵ͪ ̽ͪ͸ͪͼ ̺Ͱ΂ͰͻΔͰ͸͹ͬ͹ͼͽͳ ̹Ͷͳ΁ ̓;ͻͳͻ ́͸Ϳ͹ͻͷͰͻ

"MUTDIVMM +) 

TABLOIDIZATION OF 5)&PRESS IN SERBIA AS

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪͺͻͪͽͳ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;΁ͳΓ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ

̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈ 

SOCIAL STATUS OF YOU5) IN KOSOVSKA MITROVICA AS A CONSEQUENCE OF

̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͶͪͽDPOGMJDUVT ͼ;͵͹ͫ ͽͻͬͰΔͰ ͹ͯDPOGJHFSF ;ͯͪͻͳͽͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͽͳͼͰͰ͸ͭͶDPO

̸͸͹͸ͳͷ  ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻ

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͊ͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳ

̻͹ͻͯͳΕ, ͅ (2008). ͅ͹ͯͪͶ͸ͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽ ; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ

̾͋͆́͐̓́́̽̾͆͋́͋̾͋ ̸̸̺͉͇͈̾͊̓͌͆́͠ ̸̸̸̺͉͇̺͊̾̾͆͋̈́͆͋͊̓́͊̾̀

t͠Ͱͯ͸͹ͼͽͻͪ͸͹ ͺͻ͹ͭͶͪ΃ͰΔͰ ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͹ͬͰ ͼͻͺͼ͵Ͱ ͺ͹͵ͻͪΒͳ͸Ͱ ͼͽͬͪͻͪ ͯ͹ͯͪͽ͸Ͱ ͺͻ͹ͫͶͰͷͰ

JELENA JU. GUSKOVA

̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ̀ 

5BCMF Definitions of glocalization

ISBN 978-86-6349-083- ͍͍̓ͅ

ISBN 978-86-7419-297- ͈́͊

̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶͪ͆ ̺ͪͼͳͶͳΒͰͬͳΕ ̽ͪ͸ͳΒͰͶͪ͊ͅ;ͯͲͳͶ͹ͬͼ͵ͳ

̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬ ͊(2006). ͏ͳͬͳͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳ͸ͰͬͶͪͯͳ͸Ͱ͹ͻͭͪ͸ͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ. ̹Ͱ͹ͭͻͪͯ͆͹ͬͪ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͪ.

̸̸͇̓͆͋͆́̀͏̸́͠ ̸̸͉̻͉̀͆́͐̾̾͢ ̸͈͇̽̾̈́

͋Ͱͻͳͽ͹ͻͳΒͪ̓͹ͼ͹ͬͪͳͅͰͽ͹΀ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͬͻ΃ͳ͸ͪLN2 ͉Ͱͺ;ͫͶͳ͵Ͱ͊ͻͫͳΒͰ

CANTONISA50/ %&-/&"50/ %740/

(Šekspir, 1966, *7 ͼͽͻ

»FLTQJS *** ͼͽͻ

̓ͶͰ͹ͺͪͽͻͪ ͼͯͻ;ͭͰͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ Ͳͪ͸Ͱͷͪͻ;Β;ͼͬ͹Β;ͻ͹ͯ͸;ͳ͸ͿͰͻͳ͹ͻ͸͹ͼͽͳͱͰͶͳͻͪͽͼͪ͏ͰͲͪͻ͹ͷ

»FLTQJS *** ͼͽͻ

»FLTQJS *** ͼͽͻ

»FLTQJS * ͼͽͻ

ͼͽͰ΂Ͱ͸͹ͭͺͻͰͯͪΒ͹ͷΒͰͼͽͰͫͪ΃ͽͳ͸ͪ ͵͹Βͳ;ͼͷͳͼͶ;͸Ͱͺ͹ͼͻͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͼͶͰͯͼͽͬͪͲ͸ͪ΂ͳ͹΂Ͱͬͳ͸; ͻ͹ͯ͸͹ͷͰͼͽ͹͌

̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ̀

̹ͰͶͪ ͆

Ⱥɥɛɚɧɫɤɢɣɮɚɤɬɨɪɜɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɤɪɢɡɢɫɚɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɛɵɜɲɟɣɘɝɨɫɥɚɜɢɢ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ

̹ͪΒͳΕ ͈

͆Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͻͪ͸ͳΒͰ ͆́͆ ; ͫͻ

̹ͪͭͬͪͽͳ ͠

ɄɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɗɁȺɉɊɂɇɌ

́ͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ̾ͽͳͷ͹Ͷ͹΃͵͹ ͺ͹ͻͰ͵Ͷ͹ ͻͰ΂ͳͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽ ͬͰͲ;ΒͰͼͰͲͪͶͪͽͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ͺ͹ΒͪͷJEFOUJDVT,

͈͹͵ͪͲͪͶ͹ ͼͰͯͪ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ͷͪͶ͹ͳͲ͸ͪͯͺ͹Ͷ͹ͬͳ͸Ͱͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ΀ͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪͳͶͳ ͺ͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸͹

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳΒͪ΂ͪΔͰͯͻͱͪͬͰ– ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪͼͽ;ͯͰ͸ͪͽͪ͸ͰͲͪͬͳͼ͸ͰͬͪͻͳΒͪͫͶͰ

͊ΒͰͯ͸Ͱͼͽͻͪ͸Ͱ ͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸͹ͯͻ;΃ͽͬ͹ͳ̾ͬͻ͹ͺͼ͵ͪ;͸ͳΒͪ͸;ͯͰͳͲͬͰͼ͸;ͼͳͭ;ͻ͸͹ͼͽ ͺ͹ͼͰͫ͸͹ͬͪͱ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̻Ͷ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͪͳͱͳͬ͹ͽ;ͯͰͷ͹͵ͻͪͽͼ͵͹ͷͯͻ;΃ͽͬ;– ͺͰͻ΁Ͱͺ΁ͳΒͪ

͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͆Ͱͭͪͽͳͬ͸ͳ ͆Ͱ;ͽͻͪͶ͸ͳ ͈͹Ͳͳͽͳͬ͸ͳ

"SOFUU ++

%SBØLPWJǀ .

"SNPVS +

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͈͹΂Ͱͽͪ͵99*ͬͰ͵ͪ͹ͫͰͶͰͱͳ͹ΒͰͻͪͼͽ;Εͳͫͻ͹ΒͽͪͫͶ͹ͳͯͪͼͬ;ͯͪ;ͼͬͰͽ; ͺͪͳ;͊ͻͫͳΒͳ

͌ͻ;ͫͻͳ΁ͳt͊;ͼͰͯͳi ͸ͪͼͽͻͪ͸ͳ Β;͸ͪ ͹ͫΒͪͬΓͰ͸ΒͰͽͰ͵ͼͽtͪͅͻ͹ͬͳΕΒ͹΃ͫ͹Ͷ;ΒͰi ͪ;ͽ͹ͻ͊

"MUTDIVMM +)

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͆Ͱ͹ͶͳͫͰͻͪͶ͸ͪͳͯͰ͹Ͷ͹ͭͳΒͪ͵͹Βͪͺͻͪͽͳ ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͭͶ͹ͫͪͶͳͲͪ΁ͳΒͰ ;΁ͳΓ;ͼͽͬͪͻͪΔͪ

̸͸ΌͰͶ͵͹ͬͳΕ ͈

̓͹͸ͿͶͳ͵ͽ ͶͪͽDPOGMJDUVT ͼ;͵͹ͫ ͽͻͬͰΔͰ ͹ͯDPOGJHFSF ;ͯͪͻͳͽͳ͸Ͱ΃ͽ͹ ͼ;͵͹ͫͳͽͳͼͰͰ͸ͭͶDPO

̸͸͹͸ͳͷ ͹͵ͽ͹ͫͪͻ

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͊ͬͰͯ͹΁ͳͼͷ͹ͺͻ͹΁ͰͼͪͭͶ͹ͫͪͶ͸ͳ΀ͼͬͰͽͼ͵ͳ΀ͺͻ͹ͷͰ͸ͪ ͵͹ΒͰͲͪͺ͹ͼͶͰͯͳ΁;ͷ͹ͭ;ͳͷͪͽͳ

̻͹ͻͯͳΕ, ͅ (2008). ͅ͹ͯͪͶ͸ͳ Ͱ͵ͼͺͰͻͳͷͰ͸ͽ ; ͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪΔ; ͺ͹ͽͰ͸΁ͳΒͪͶ͸͹ͭ ͼͳͼͽͰͷͪ ͹ͯͫͻͪ͸Ͱ

̹ͱͰͱͳ͸ͼ͵ͳ ̀

5BCMF Definitions of glocalization

5BCMFMain characteristics of glocalization and grobalization

Beck, U. (1999). 8IBUJT(MPCBMJ[BUJPO 1PMJUZ1SFTT$BNCSJEHF

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ̓;Ͷͽ;ͻͪΒͰͫͪͲͳ΂ͪ͸ͰͶͰͷͰ͸ͽ͸ͪ΁ͳ͹͸ͪͶ͸͹ͭͳͯͰ͸ͽͳͽͰͽͪΒͰͯ͸͹ͭ͸ͪͻ͹ͯͪ– ͹ͬ;͵͹͸ͼͽͪͽͪ

̸ͬͻͪͷ͹ͬͳΕ ̀

/5&38/*/(0'$6-563&4745)&IMPOSITION OF ONE CULTURE

̸̸͊̿̾͋̓ ͌͹ͬ͹Βͼͽ;ͯͳΒͳͳͼͽͻͪͱͳͬͪ͸Ͱͼ;ͲͶ͹;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͪͳͲͪͬͳͼ͸͹ͼͽ͹ͯͪ͵ͽͳͬ͸͹ͼͽͳ ͬͳͯͰ͹-

̺Ͷͪͯͳͷͳͻ͈;ͽͳ͸ ͺͻͰͯͼͰͯ͸ͳ͵͉͍ͯ;ͭ͹ͭͽͻͪΒͪΔͪ ͸ͰͺͻͳͲ͸ͪΒͰͳͲͭ;ͫΓͰ͸Ͱͫͳͽ͵Ͱ͌ͲΒͪ͵ͰͺͻͰͺ

̻ͻͳͫ ͆

t̹;ͯ;Ε͸͹ͼͽΒͰͬͰΕͼͪ͸ͪͷͪ– ;͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;i -VLF.BZFS ͼͽͻ

̽ͪΒͼ͹͸ %ZTPO

͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵ ͉ͪͼͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼj̓ͪ͵͹ͬΆ ͸̺ͪͪ΃ͬͲͭͶΊͯ ͺͻͳ΂ͳ͸Ά

͉ͳͼ;͸͹͵7 ͉ͪͼͺͻͰͯͰͶͰ͸ͳͰ͹ͽͬͰͽ͹ͬ͸ͪͬ͹ͺͻ͹ͼj̓ͪ͵͹ͬΆ ͸̺ͪͪ΃ͬͲͭͶΊͯ ͺ;ͽͳͻͪͲͻͰ΃Ͱ͸ͳΊͷͰͱ

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͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈ͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸a Ͳͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͪ;ͯͳ͹, ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ͳ ͪ;ͯͳ͹-ͬͳͲ;ͰͶ͸ͳ΀ ͪͼͺͰ͵ͪͽͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̀ͪͼͽ;ͺΓͰ͸͹ͼͽ ͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͳ ͸ͰͬͰͻͫͪͶ͸Ͱ ͵͹ͷ;͸ͳ͵ͪ΁ͳΒͰ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ Ͳͪ ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸ͳͷ ΒͰͲͳ͵͹ͷ, ͹ ͼ΀ͬͪͽͪΔ; Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ

͉ͰͲ;Ͷͽͪͽͳ ͺͻͳ͵ͪͲͪ͸ͳ ; ͽͪͫͰͶͳ 6 ;͵ͪͲ;Β; ͸ͪ ͼͶͰͯͰΕͰ ΂ͳΔͰ͸ͳ΁Ͱ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͼͷͪͽͻͪ ͯͪ

͈ͻͰͽͺ͹ͼͽͪͬ͵ͪ ̓͹͸΁Ͱͺͽ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ΒͰͼͽͰ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͸ ͺͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ; ͺͻͰͬͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͺͻͰͬͪͲͳͶͪͱͰΔ; ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳ΀ ͫͪͻͳΒͰͻͪ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͊ͽͪͬ͹ͬͳ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͹ ͺͻ͹ͼͰ΂͸͹Β ;ͺ͹ͽͻͰͫͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵͹ͭ ΒͰͲͳ͵ͪ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ;/ͺͻ͹ͿͰͼͳΒͳ

͆ͪ ͹ͼ͸͹ͬ; ͺ͹ͯͪͽͪ͵ͪ ; ͽͪͫͰͶͳ 9, ͺͻͳͷͰΕ;ΒͰ ͼͰ ͯͪ ͳͼͺͳͽͪ͸ͳ͵ͪ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͳ Ͱ͸ͭͶͰͼ͵ͳ 40–70%,

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ͈͹ͬͰͲͪ͸͹ͼͽ ͼͽͪͬ͹ͬͪ ͹ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ, ͵;Ͷͽ;ͻ͹Ͷ͹΃͵ͳͷ ͻͪͲͶͳ͵ͪͷͪ, ;͸ͳͬͰͻͲͪͶ͸͹ͷ

x ͈ͻͳͼͽ;ͺ ͷ;ͶͽͳͺͳͼͷͰ͸͹ͼͽͳ ΒͰ ͼͬͰ͹ͫ;΀ͬͪͽͪ͸ ͳ ͵͹ͻͳͼͽͪ͸ ; ͹ͫͻͪͲ͹ͬͪΔ; ;΂Ͱ͸ͳ

Anstèy, M. &Geoff, B. (2006). 'SPN5FBDIJOHBOE-FBSOJOH.VMUJMJUFSBDJFT$IBOHJOH5JNFT $IBOHJOH

(-0#"-;"50/ )6."/RESOURCES "/%"%"15"5*0/50$)"/(&4

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Armstrong K. (2007). #JULB[B#PHB 4BSBKFWP4JIBOQBØJǁ

͋ͪͫͰͶͪ ̽ͳ͸ͪͷͳ͵ͪͺ͹ͺ;Ͷͪ΁ͳ͹͸͹ͭͻͪͼͽͪ ;ͷͳͶͳ͹͸ͳͷͪ

͈͹ͯͪ΁ͳͳͲͽͪͫͰͶͰ;͵ͪͲ;Β;͸ͪͽ͹ͯͪ͹ͯ97*ͬͰ͵ͪͯ͹ͶͪͲͳ ;ͺ͹΂Ͱͽ͵;ͯ͹Ͷͪͭͪ͸͹ͭ ͪ͵ͪͼ͸ͳΒͰ ͺ͹ͼͰ

5)&3"%$"-;"50/0'(-0#"-/&26"-5&4— AN OPEN ISSUE