Solution

Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally
replenished on the human time scale, including neutral carbon sources such as sunlight, wind,
rain, waves, tides, and global warming. Over the past few years, the effects of climate change
have spread to various regions, such concerns prompted the international community to jointly
seek solutions, most recently through the Paris Agreement, where Kuwait has signed it. The
world has decided to get energy from green energy sources. Leading countries for renewable
energy included in 2020 were China, the U.S., and Brazil. In addition, Iceland is a country that
uses 100% renewable energy. Similarly, Kuwait also expressed its concern over the increase in
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and promised to take action. This has led to the establishment
of Al-Shagaya Renewable Energy Park (SREP), to become one of the world's largest renewable
energy parks. Kuwait aims to generate 15% of its energy needs from renewable energy sources
by 2030.
We will now discuss five major sources of renewable energy as listed below,
• Solar Power
• Spiritual Power
• Geothermal energy
• Hydroelectric power
• BioFuel

Solar Energy:
Solar energy produces clean, green electricity directly from the sun, not from fossil fuels and is
as dangerous as your local appliance. Kuwait has Al-Dibdibah Solar Project, It will use solar
photovoltaic (PV) technology and will have more than 1,500 MW of electricity, making it one of
the largest solar projects in the world. The production cost of 1kwh of solar energy is
approximately $ 0.06 per kilowatt-hour with utility-scale photovoltaic (PV). In the Net-metering
system, the national grid system is the best in the end but in hybrid solar power in most cases,
lithium-ion batteries are the best option for a solar panel system, although some types of batteries
can be more expensive.
The top 10 places for solar power plants are China (130.4GW) United States (85.3GW) Japan
(63.3GW) India (57.4GW) Germany (48.4GW) Italy (22.6GW) United Kingdom (14.2GW)
France (12.8GW) Australia (12.2GW) Pakistan (10GW).
The top 10 power stations are Tengger Desert Solar Park, China - 1,547MW, Sweihan
Photovoltaic Independent Power Project, UAE - 1,177MW, Yanchi Ningxia Solar Park, China -
1,000MW, Datong Solar Power Top Runner Base, China - 1,070MW, Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar
Park, India - 1,000MW, Longyangxia Dam Solar Park, China - 850MW, Enel Villanueva PV
Plant, Mexico - 828MW, Kamuthi Solar Power Station, India - 648MW, Solar Star Projects, US
- 579MW, Topaz Solar Farm / Desert Sun Solar Farm, US - 550MW. Kuwait is ranked
eighteenth in terms of solar energy with an Average Solar Energy Potential of 231.5 GHI-W /
m2.

Wind Energy
Wind power involves the use of wind power to move large treadmills which rotate to produce
energy. Countries such as the inclusion of Brazil in North Africa and other Middle Eastern
countries are in the process of using wind power. For Kuwait to achieve this kind of energy, a
complex system built by a few wind turbines will need to be put in strategic locations. The global
average cost of electricity for new coastal farms in 2019 was USD 0.053 / kWh at
national/regional prices of between USD 0.051 and USD 0.099 / kWh depending on the region.
The best energy storage systems for a wind power plant are Battery Storage, Compressed Air
Storage, Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Pumped Storage.
The top 10 areas for wind power plants are China - installed capacity 221GW, US-installed
capacity 96.4GW, Germany - installed capacity 59.3GW, India - installed capacity 35GW, Spain
- installed capacity 23GW, United Kingdom - installed capacity 20.7GW, France - installed
capacity 15.3GW, Brazil - installed capacity 14.5GW, Canada - installed capacity 12.8GW, Italy
- installed capacity 10.1GW. The world's top ten energy-efficient facilities follow Gansu Wind
Farm, Gansu, China. Power - 6,000MW, Alta Wind Energy Center, California, USA, Muppandal
Wind Farm, Tamil Nadu, India, Jaisalmer Wind Park, Rajasthan, India, Shepherds Flat Wind
Farm, Oregon, USA. Roscoe Wind Farm, Texas, USA, Fowler Ridge Wind Farm, Indiana, USA,
Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center, Texas, USA., Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm, Texas, USA,
Fantel-Cogealac Wind Farm, Fântânele & Cogealac, Romania
Kuwait ranks 14th in terms of wind power Medium Power Vehicle Power of 5.8 m / s.

Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is the heat found within the earth. Middle Eastern countries have been
playing with the concept of global warming. In the UAE for example, Masdar, a conservation
company that has been carrying out tests on how to start a global warming project in Abu Dhabi
since 2009. Kuwait also has the potential to create geothermal energy that will be fully utilized.
The Kuwaiti government has offered contractors the opportunity to build a hydroelectric power
station, Al-Zour North, which is expected to generate about 4,800 megawatts of energy (Izzak,
2010). The initial cost of the field and power plants is around $ 2500 per kW installed in the
U.S., probably $ 3000 to $ 5000 / kWe are designed for a small power plant (<1One). Operating
and maintenance costs range from $ 0.01 to $ 0.03 per kWh. Technology can transfer heat
energy from groundwater to electricity, and it can also store additional energy in groundwater.
Unlike other widely used energy storage devices such as batteries, thermal energy storage and
solar storage, energy storage uses energy in groundwater.
Top 10 locations of wind power plants in the United States - 3,714 MW - 19 MW extra due to
certain improvements (data refers to volume capacity), Indonesia - 2,133 MW - no change
reported, Philippines - 1,918 MW - no reported change, Turkey - 1,526 MW - 179 MW Turkey -
1,526179 MW added in 2019, with still existing uncertainties regarding the FIT, New Zealand -
1,005 MW - expected increase of 32 MW of Ngawha expansion project did not take place before
the end of 2020, Mexico - 962.7 MW - no change, Italy - 944 MW - no change., Kenya - 861
MW - no change, Iceland - 755 MW - no change, Japan - 603 MW - continues small-scale
development, an increase of 2 MW due to redevelopment something and a little Added units
The top 10 energy-efficient areas follow the Tiwi Geothermal Complex, Philippines, Hellheid
Geothermal Power Plant, Iceland. CalEnergy Generation's Salton Sea Geothermal Plants, USA,
Makban Geothermal Complex, Philippines, Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station, Mexico,
Larderello Geothermal Complex, Italy, Geysers Geothermal Complex, USA, MALITBOG
GEOTHERMAL POWER STES, PHILIP WAYANT WINDU GOWER INDONESIA,
IDARAJAT POWER STATION, INDONESIA.

Fuel Bio
Another source of renewable energy is bio fuel. This is the type of fuel that is found in biomass.
Kuwait could put itself in such a position by investing in appropriate biomass conversion
technologies. Small-scale power plants cost $ 3,000 to $ 4,000 per kW, and estimated power
costs of $ 0.8 to $ 0.15 per kilowatt hour (kWh). Lithium-ion batteries are the most popular way
to save battery today and control more than 90 percent of the world's grid storage market.
Compared to other battery options, lithium-ion batteries are much stronger and lighter.
The top 10 countries of Biofuel producing countries are the United States with 1,557.1 PJ
production capacity, Brazil with 992.2 PJ production capacity, Indonesia with 275.5 PJ
production capacity, Germany with 143.4 PJ production capacity, France with production
potential 113 PJ, China. with a production capacity of 111.3PJ, Argentina with a production
capacity of 102.8 PJ, Thailand with a production capacity of 95.6 PJ, the Netherlands with a
production capacity of 79.2 PJ, Spain with a production capacity of 66.7 PJ
The top ten power stations are Ironbridge, United Kingdom - 740MW, Alholmens Kraft, Finland
- 265MW, Polaniec, Poland - 205MW, Kymijärvi II, Finland - 160MW, Vaasa Bio-gasification
plant, Finland - 140MW, Wisapower , Finland - 140MW, New Hope Power Partnership, US -
140MW, Kaukaan Voima, Finland - 125MW, Seinäjoki, Finland - 125MW.
Whole World
Global electricity consumption has been approximately 23,398 billion kilowatt-hours or 23,398
terawatt-hours in 2018.
Electricity per person [per watt hour] = Total energy consumption [in kW · h / yr] * 1,000 /
population.
Consumption per 426 kWh
Renewables accounts for 26.2 percent of global electricity production in 2018. That is expected
to rise to 45 per cent by 2040.
In 2000, renewable energy sources accounted for about 18 percent of global electricity
generation.
In 2018, renewable energy sources accounted for 26.3 percent of the world's total electricity
production.
By 2050, renewable energy sources will account for about 45 percent of the world's total
electricity generation.

Kuwait
The total power consumption in Kuwait is 65.95 bn kWh.
Kuwait per capita production averages 13,734 kWh.
In Kuwait, an outstanding renewable energy source is available in the form of solar and wind.
The country has the highest level of solar radiation in the world, estimated at 2100 - 2200 kW /
m2 per year.

In 2000, renewable energy sources accounted for nearly 7 percent of total electricity generation
in Kuwait.
In 2018, renewable energy sources accounted for 15 percent of Kuwait’s total electricity
generation.
By 2050, renewable energy sources will account for about 50 percent of Kuwaiti's total
electricity generation.

India
For the financial year (FY) 2019-20, the total electricity generation in India was 1,383.5 TWh
and the total electricity production (resources and non-utilities) in the country was 1,598 TWh.
The total power consumption in FY2019 was 1,208 kWh per person.
The share of renewable energy in total energy production has been 17%.
The average power consumption per person (kWh per person per year) in India is 935 kwh.
As of 27 November 2020, 38% of India's renewable energy sources are from renewable sources
(136 GW to 373 GW).
In 2018, the installed total capacity of renewable energy (excluding maximum electrical power)
in the country was 74.08166 GW. Approximately 9.363 GW of solar power, 1.766 GW of wind,
0.105 GW of low power (SHP), and biomass of 8.7 GW of additional capacity for 2017-2018.
It is estimated that by 2050, India will have an annual energy demand of about 14,500 TWh per
year (with an average CAGR of 6.7% up to 2050)

Australia
Australia's energy consumption increased by 0.6% in 2018-19 to 6,196 petajoules.
Individual production in Australia averages 9044 kWh.
By 2019, 21% of Australia's total electricity generation comes from renewable energy sources,
including wind (7%), solar (7%) and hydro (5%). The share of renewable energy generation in
2019 has been the highest since the levels were recorded in the early 1970s.
In terms of policy, electricity production is expected to grow by 30 percent over time (0.08
percent per year) to 332 terawatt-hours (TW) by 2050. ... About one-fifth of Australia's
electricity is expected to be generated by Renewable Resources by 2049-2050
Renewable energy grew at an annual rate of 3.2% over the ten years between 2007-2017 and
5.2% between 2016-2017. This compares with the growth of coal (-1.9%), oil (1.7%) and
electricity (2.9%) over a ten-year period.

References:

1. United Nations Treaty Collection (2019). Environment, 7.d Paris Agreement. Retrieved
from https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-
d&chapter=27&clang=_en
2. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (2019). Sustainable Development Goal 7.
Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg7
3. KISR (2019). Kuwait Energy Outlook, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
4. Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy (2019). Greenhouse
effect.
Retrieved from http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science-
data/climatescience/greenhouse-effect
5. Belal, N. (2019). Al-Khayat: The Region's Temperature Will Increase 4.5 °C In
80 Years. Retrieved from: https://al-seyassah.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE
%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-
%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%AA
%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B9-4-5-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9-
%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7/
6. Kraemer, S. (2019). Solar Heat to Make Power + Water for Namibia: Study. Retrieved from
https://www.solarpaces.org/csp-power-water-namibia-study/
7. Alrasheedi, Majed & Gueymard, Chris & Ismail, Ala'a & Al-Hajraf, Salem. (2014). Solar
Resource Assessment over Kuwait: Validation of Satellite-derived Data and Reanalysis
Modeling.
10.18086/eurosun.2014.08.01.
8. Kuwait Authority for Partnership Projects (2019). KAPP announces its annual plan for
Transaction Advisory Services expected to be launched this year. Retreived from http://
www.kapp.gov.kw/en/Sub.aspx?pageid=5241