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BH A SH A A N D O LA N ER D A LILPATRA (D ocu m en ts of L an g u ag e M ovement

1952). E d ited by R atan Lai C h ak rab arty. Published by Selina H ussain.
D ire c to r, R e s e a rc h , C o m p ila tio n an d F o lk lo re D iv isio n . B an gla
A cad em y, D h ak a-1000, Bangladesh. First Published : June 2000.
P rice : Taka 120.00 only.
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raca fag enrff f « acacfa ra. Faaraf wfeararana fefesrfa f w
afebaacaa ijfew iitaf'S waarararca •aifesrfa fcra area i
argwrai 'S a?ar raiara a^jfe aiiafiicaa aa-afaaca ^taa feaea*ra fcrat g p s
afarcafearfara fcra area i w y arraa yy caaarfa a a a fira-waraia feaa fea*i
feiyaaa a ra raaa snwfeia5 “alaawa f e w r a F«yfey i f a a a ar?aT rafara a w
f a ? feacaa feaaacaa faanar gpra'Tfe rafaaa an aa ai'saiat ranaâ a%»
r a a a tw , aaaira cftraa, fftasara w , m ararar arraa, arn fefe w tfaa,
acataâ aa, m a n aia, sjw iaw frrftlt, lacarw a Faafet 'Q a w âra
ara s ^ a snraftas alaacaa aaar^ a i y&ey aia fcra fafef a a a feacaa gfeaaa
's rarat attcaa a ^ iw fafe f mafetas afaaca fearfara f a i y&ay aicaa
^rctraa area aaarra cfrcaa yy caâifa fearaa feaaaa a i3afera a c ^
feraa fe a a ferara ffeca arara cetr aaa i (« 8 ) y> caRRifaa feaaaca aiaiftfera
area a ife a *râ fara faaafe strcafera5 afaaca fearaa aaaftcaa faraa
^JTRTTIi^T I (Governm ent, of East Bengal, B - P r o c e e d in g s ,
Bangladesh N ational Archives, Police Department, Home Branch,
Bundle-124, November, 1952, Proceeding Nos. 272-73.)
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R ep o rt on the P lassy Barrack and S ecretariat In cid en t on 12.12.1947
O n 1 2.12.47 U rdu sp eak in g M u slim s of C h o w k area o rg a n ised a

m e etin g to b e held on 13.12.47 at 4 p.m. in fro n t o f the C h o w k
M osqu e to d iscuss the subject o f U rdu to be m ade th e S ta te L anguage
for E astern P ak istan . To give p u b licity to this p ro p o se d m eetin g
h an d b ills w ere p rinted and a lorry fitted with lou d sp e a k e r w as
sen t o u t for an n o u n cin g the d ate and time o f the m eetin g and also
sh o u tin g slog an s in su p p o rt o f U rdu language. T h is lorry started
from C how k at abou t 10 O 'clo ck and p assed through d ifferen t afeas
o f the to w n . A b o u t m id -d ay the lorry re a c h e d th e U n iv e rsity
B u ild in g s w h ere the m en w ho w ere in th e b u s. W ith a view to
m ak in g p ro p ag an d a in 'th e co n n ectio n , started s h o u tin g slog an s in
su p p o rt o f U rdu language. Som e U niversity stu d en ts in terv en ed and
ask ed these people n o t to shout slog an s in su p p o rt o f U rd u lan guage
an d ex to rted to su p p ort B engali language. This led to the d isp u te
b etw een them and it is reported that o n e o f the U n iv e rsity stu d en ts
w as roughly hand led by the people o f the b u s. T h e p ro p ag an d a bu s
th en p ro ceed ed to w ard s the P lassy B arrack and as it w as p assin g
alo n g th e road in fro n t o f the eastern g ate of th e P la ssy B arrack
sh o u tin g in su p p o rt of the U rd u L an g u ag e. S o m e in m a tes o f the
P lassy B arrack m ostly stud ents cam e ou t an d statio n ed the b u s and
sta rte d arg u in g w ith the o ccu p an ts of th e bus th at th ey sh o u ld
su p p o rt B en gali and not Urdu to be the state lan guage. T his created
a co n fu sio n and so m e of the Plassy B arrack p eop le w an ted to d rag
.dow n som e o f the occupan ts of the bus and there w a s so rt of h ow ling
an d p u lling in w hich som e of the occupants of the bu s w ere roughly
h an d led by the P lassy Barrack p eop le. Th e bus w ith its o ccu p an ts
th en left the place an d it is reported that after a b o u t h a lf an h o u r
the sam e bus carryin g a large nu m ber o f people fo llo w ed by an oth er
big crow d cam e in fro n t o f the P lassy Barrack a n d all attacked the
i>ii wc-wffiw?!
inm ate o f the B arrack from the eastern side. It is reported that free
m ter-change of brick -batin g and other continued for som etim e w hen
the attacking party from o u tsid e retreated . In fo rm atio n abou t this
incident did not reach the P olice b efo re 13.30 hrs. W h en a m essage
was received at the L albag, reporting about som e trou bles in Plassy
Barrack. A P olice force in a lorry in -ch arg e of an in sp ecto r and a
sergean t w ere sent th ere at o n ce b u t on arriv al at the sp o rt the
P olice p arty did n ot see any fig h t bu t found a crow d of P lassy
Barrack inm ates in a very excited m ood on the road in front o f the
eastern gate of the Barrack. A group of stu d en ts of the E n gineering
C ollege w as also fou n d stand in g alon g side the R ailw ay L in es in
front of the E n gin eerin g C o lleg e H ostel. T h e E n g in eerin g C olleg e
H ostel b o y s alleg ed th at th eir h o ste l also a tta ck ed by a crow d
co m in g from the tow n sid e w ho cau sed som e d am age to the dining
hall th at som e cro ck e rie s and o th er u ten sils w ere taken aw ay by
the attack ers that so m e o f the in m ates of the E n g in eerin g h ostel
in clu d in g the w ife o f the H ostel S u p erin te n d en t re ceiv ed m in o r
inju ries d ue to the brick b ats throw n by the m iscrean ts. It will also
a lleg ed by the in m ates o f the P lassy B arrack th at the in v a d e rs
took aw ay som e o f th eir articles from their Barrack as well.
I received in form ation abou t the trou ble at a b o u t 2 p.m . from
S.P. I rushed to the scen e forth w ith and on reach in g there noticed
an excited crow ed, all o f w hom w ere inm ate o f the P lassy Barrack,
in front o f the eastern gate o f the Barrack. I also fou nd a crow ed o f
E n g in eerin g stu d en ts o f the R ailw ay L ines in fro n t o f their h ostel
and p ersuad ed the crow d in front o f the Plassy Barrack as w ell in
front of the E ngineering C ollege H ostel to go in sid e their respective
places. I also rem oved crow d s w hich w ere to the south side o f the
m aid an . O n en q u iry from inm ates of the P lassy B arrack and the
E n g in eerin g H o stel an d from M ed ical C o lleg e it w as found that
about 13 peop le received m inor inju ries excep t a D an v an of Plassy
Barrack w ho had a broken nose. 2 stud en ts o f E n gin eerin g C ollege
also received m inor injuries.
T h e stu d en t and clerk s of the P lassy B arrack h eld a m eetin g
im m ed iately after this incident in sid e.th e co m p ou n d of the Plassy
B a rrack and sta rte d to p ro ceed to the S e cre ta ria t B u ild in g s in
p ro cessio n to p rotest ag ain st the attack on the P lassy B arrack by
the tow n goondas. T he p rocession started at about 4 p. m. from the
08
Plaosy B arrack and pro ceed ed to w ard s Secretariat B uild in gs. T h e

stu d e n ts from the S alim u llah M u slim H all, E n g in e e rin g H o stel,
U n iv ersity B u ild ings and oth er p la ce s also jo in ed the p ro cession .
B etw een 4 .3 0 to 5 p. m. the p ro cessio n reach ed in fro n t of the
H o n 'b le M in iste r M r. A. H am id an d the H o n 'b le M in iste r w as
forced to co m e dow n and give assu ran ce to the d em o n stratio n th at
h e w ou ld resig n if B engali w as n o t m ad e the S ta te L a n g u a g e of
E astern P akistan. W ith this assu ran ces the d em o n strato rs p ro ceed
ed to w ard s the S e cretariat B u ild in gs w ith the H o n 'b le M in iste r in
th eir m id st. T h e p ro ce ssio n ists b y no w w ere b e c o m in g ra th e r
d iso rd e rly . T h e g ates of th e S e c re ta ria t B u ild in g s w ere, in the
m ean tim e, clo sed to prevent the d em on strators g ettin g in to crea te
tr o u b le s in sid e th e S e c re ta ria t co m p o u n d . T h e p ro c e s s io n is ts
reach ed the n o rth ern cen tral gate o f the Secreta ria t B u ild in g s an d
beg an to pu sh against the door. T h ere w as sho u tin g o f slog an s an d
sh o w er o f abu ses against the presen t M inistry an d the P olice force.
T h e d em o n strato rs find ing that the gate could n o t b e forced o p en
they all clim b ed o v er th e co m p ou n d o f the S e cre ta ria t B u ild in g s
and g o t in. They su rrou nd ed the H o n 'b le M in ister M r. A fzal an d
d ragged him by force one place to an o th er in the co m p o u n d in the
V a re n d a o f the S e c re ta ria t B u ild in g s , it a p p e a re d th a t th e
d em o n strato rs w ere determ ined to rou g hly handle the M in ister and
the P olice intervention w as absolu tely necessary b u t as the H o n 'b le
M in ister did not like P olice in terv en tio n , Police p a rty sim p ly had
to stand b y as m inu te sp ectato rs. T h e d em o n strato rs then started
th ro w in g b rick -b ats and o th er m issiles on the P o lice o fficers and
m en w h o w h ere insid e the S e cre ta ria t com p ou n d . T h e b rick h its
so m e o f th e o fficers an d m en an d ca u sed m in o r in ju rie s. T h e
d e m o n s tra to rs a lso a ssa u lte d th e d a rw a n o f th e S e c r e ta r ia t
B u ild in g and cau sed in ju rie s on h is p erso n . B y th e se a cts the
p r o c e s s io n is ts co m m itte d o ffe n c e s o f rio tin g a n d w ro n g fu lly
re s tra in t to M in iste rs a n d a ss a u ltin g p u b lic s e r v a n ts in th e
ex ecu tio n o f their d uties as they should therefore b e pro secu ted for
th ese o ffe n s e s co m m itted w ith in th e p recin ct o f th e S e cre ta ria t
B u ild in g s.
I m ay m e n tio n h e re th a t th e b ric k -b a ts th ro w n by th e
d em o n strato rs inside the Secretarial com p ou nd th at ev en in g h it m e
tw ice. M r. L. R ahm an, A ddi. S. P. (C rim e) w as also h it on the b a ck
o f his h ead as w ell as on h is hand . T h e latter ca u se d b leed in g
injury. M d. Sab ir Khan my guard co n stab le was hit on the b ack by a
b rick-bat S o m e other constables w ere also hit bu t w ere n ot hurt. Mr.
M acP herson, Dy. H. P. W ireless ju st escap ed from b ein g h it on h is
tace by a b ric k aim ed at him . A case has b een started again st the
p eop le re sp o n sib le for th e attack on the P lassy B arrack and the
E n gin eerin g C o lleg e H ostel, at L alb ag h P. S. an d the in v estigation
is proceeding.
Sd . A. G h affer
A ddl. Su p erin ten d en t of P olice
D acca C ity
G o v ern m e n t o f E a st B en g al, B -P ro ceed in g s, B an g la d esh N a tion al

A r c h iv e s ,H o m e D ep a rtm en t, P o lic e B ran ch , B u n d le -7 5 m M a y ,
1949, Proceedings N o. 19-20
w i r e TR'srffo ^ u i't
P lassey B arrack W elfare C o m m ittee

(R ecognised by the G ovt, of East Bengal)
O n Frid ay the 12th D ecem ber at abo u t 11.30 A .M . n early 40 m en
ca m e b y a B u s n am ed ’M u k u l' w h ich w as fitte d w ith tw o
m icro p h o n es from the d irectio n of the M u slim H all tow ard s the
P lassey B arracks. It stop p ed b efo re the eastern gate of the b arracks
and shouted the slogans m entioned below :
^£-01*113 4TT2F3
<pic<pflout *1l£U<asi 4 4 CO 3 J<t I’
As a result o f the sh outin g o f these slogans a n u m b er o f inm ates
of the barracks collected near the gate. O ne unknow n voice from the
barrack sid e shouted ‘5TB-®!1?! 4T?«Tf 5(4 ’.
T h ere upon the goon d as cam e ou t o f the bus w ith hocky stick,
d agg ers an d iro n rod s and b eg an to a ttack the m em b ers o f the
b a rrack s w ho had co lle cted there. T h is resu lted in the in ju ry of
sev eral p e rso n s. A fter this the g oo n d a s retired to a little d istan ce
for a w hile. T h ey then m ad e a ren ew ed attack w ith b rick b ats for
so m etim e and w ent aw ay. In the m eantim e the L albag Police w ere
rang up from the Engineering H ostel and requested to send help.
Ob «T3T '3||C'tt|eiM<l i p M '5!! !
At about 1.30 P.M. goondas cam e back rein forced from the D utta
Bagan sid e. T h is tim e they cam e b y the b u s n a m e d M u k u l and
follow ed by a Track. They now launched a sim u lta n eo u s attack on
the P la sse y B arrack s an d the m ain h o ste l o f th e E n g in e e rin g
C ollege. A list o f person s injured d u rin g the a tta c k s in en clo sed .
D uring the co u se of the attack they looted the b a rra ck s an d the
m ain E n g in e e rin g h o ste l carry in g aw ay so m e c lo th s from the
b arracks and u tensils and crockeries from the E n g in ee rin g h ostel.
D u rin g th is a tta c k th e w ife o f th e V ic e - P r in c ip a l o f th e
Engineering C ollege received serious brick -bat in ju ries.
A m o n g the g oo n d a s th ere w ere a n u m b er o f p erso n s in the
uniform o f N ational G u ard s and also tw o m en w h o keep stalls in
front o f the Plassey Barracks on the sid e of the C ity Road (Eastern
G ate o f ^he Barracks). T hese tw o m en have now clo sed their stalls
but it should be possible to trace them b y m aking en q u ries from the
n eigh bo u rin g stall keeper.
T his last attack w ent on for m ore than an h o u r. T he goon d as left
a little after 2.30 P.M . on receiving w arn in g from on e o f th eir m en
w ho cam e by a Truck. Im m ediately after their d isp ersa l about 3 o r 4
Policem en accom panied by a European O fficer ca m e and m ade som e
en quiries. O n e o f the goon d as w ho w as stea lth ily lin g erin g at that
tim e in the crow ed w ere d etected and sh o w n to the P olice o fficer
w ho seem ed to take him into custody. A fter the p a rty of Policem en
had left M r. G ofu r, the C ity Police Su p erin ten d en t w ho cam e w ith
a n u m ber of arm ed po licem en and beg an to a ss u lt and ch ase the
in m a tes o f th e b a rra ck s. He w ent aw ay w ith o u t m a k in g any
e n q u irie s w h atso ev er. At the tim e o f g o in g a w a y h e took in to
custody 13 m em ber of barracks w ithout any reason.
T h e g o o n d a ism w en t on u n ch eck ed ev e n a fte r th is. In the
ev en in g at abo u t 6.30 P.M . w hile re tu rn in g fro m C h o w k B azar
M au lv i Q a z i B ark h u n d ar A li as A ssista n t of th e O ffic e o f the
C o n tro ller o f P rin tin g and Station ary resid in g in the S a lim u lla h
M uslim O rp h an age w as challenged by a n u m b er o f ru ffian s arm ed
w ith d agg ers and dan gerous w eapons near the M atern ity H ouse on
the U rdu Road and w as dragged into a nearby la n e and finally let
off a fter h av in g convin ced them that he w as n o t a resid en t o f the
Plassey B arack s. On the m orn in g o f the 13th m a n y G o v ern m en t
em p lo y e e s w ere m o le ste d near the v icin ity o f C h a w k . M a u lv i
M o in u d d in C hau d hu rv an A ssistan t o f the D .A .G .P .T . resid in g in
the P lassey Barracks w as cau ght by so m e ru ffian s near the cen tral
jail. H e m anaged to escape by giving false ad d ress.
-'Wl •ailc*!l«1inl
P.S. O n e o f the goo n d a s w ho attacked the b arrack s on the 12th

has b een detected. H is n am e is Ekbal H ussain, F itter T ejg aon W ork
shop. H e now lives in P lassey Baracks No. 16, R oom -8. His m o v e
m ents are still su sp iciou s. H e should be im m ed iately apprehend ed.
S u b m itted to C h ief S ecretary throu gh D .S. H om e D ep artm en t
for im m ed iate n ecessary action.
Sign ed/M d. Sirajul H u q

P resid en t, P lassey B arack s W elfare C om m ittee
13.12.47.
K. H alim u zzam an
G en e ra l S ecretary , E ast B en g al S ecretariat A sso ciatio n
In m ates o f the Plassey B arrack assulted on 12.12.47 by th e gn n das.

1. M d. A li, an em p lo y ee o f A .G .E.B., age 28, injured on the knee by
a B rick-bat d u rin g the second attack w hile startin g for office.
2. M d. N u rul Islam , an em p lo y ee of Finance D ep artm en t, age 20,
hit and cut on his ch e ck -b o n e by a brick -b a t w h ile g oin g for
fu m m a p ray er.
3. Badiul A lam - co o k attached to Block - 8, age 15, hit on the toes
by brick-bat d uring second attack w hile going to m arket.
4. Ish ak K han - A .G .E .B ., age 27, hit on the fore-h ead by hockey
stick d urin g first attack w hile returning from m arket.
5. Lu tfar R ahm an - ag e 23, co o k attached to B lock 7, R oom - 8, hit
on the left arm by b rick -b at w hile going to Bazar.
6. Sk. Jan e A lam , F inan ce (A ccounts), Block - 6, received brick-bat
on the (illeg ib le).
7. S ik a n d a r A li, C .T .O . h it on the fore-h ead b y a la th i w h il e
retu rning from office.
8. K h o n d ak ar A b u l H u ssain , P .M .^ 's o ffice, cu t on th e -p a te by
brick -bat w hile co m in g from office.
9. A .F.M . N u ru l Islam , P.M .S. - received b rick -b at in ju ry on the
skin w hile co m in g from office.
10. A bd u l M an n af-co o k attach ed to B lock 11, receiv ed b rick -b a t
injury on the head w hile going to m arket.
11. A li A hm ed - co o k attach ed to B lo ck 10, receiv ed b rick -b a t
injury on the elbo w w hile returning from the m arket.
12. N o ab A li - co o k attach ed to B lock N o. 5, receiv ed b rick -b a t
injury on the left leg.
13. F azlu r R ahm an - an em p lo y ee o f H igh Court received brick-bat
injury on the leg.
3b- «R I *rl«el'913f
14. M d. M u zaffar - P .S.C . - received la th i in ju ry o n th e m id d le

fin g er o f the right hand.
E n gineering H ostel
1. M d . N o w ab A li, G ate K eep er, P lassey B a rra ck (E n g in e e rin g
H o s te l)
2. Syed A hm ed , 1st Y ear Student, E n ginnering Sch oo l.
3. M esbah u d d in A hm ed, Student, 1st Y ear E n g in eerin g S ch oo l an d
m any others.
O ffice N o tes :
This w as sh ow n to C.S. and D.M . and S.P. A copy h a s also been sen t
to S.P. th ro u g h I.G .P. w ith the request to take n ece ssa ry a ctio n at
once. D.S. 1 m ay see.
Sign ed . A. ali
14.12.47.
Seen .
S ig n e d / Ille g ib le
1 5.12.47.
G o v e r n m e n t o f E a s t B e n g a l , H o m e , P o l ic e , B - P r o c e e d i n g s ,
B an glad esh N ational A rchives, B u ndle-75, M ay, 1949, P ro ceed in g s
N o. 19-20.
G overnm ent o f East Bengal

H om e D epartm ent
G en eral A dm inistration and A p p oin tm en t
C ircu lar
F ro m :
W. B. K ad ri, Esqr., l.C .S.
D eputy Secretary to the G overn m ent o f East Bengal
To
T he D ire cto r of Publicity, D acca.
M em o. N o. 416 G.A. dated D acca, the 20th Se p te m b er, 1947.
S u b je c t: C ond u ct of G overnm ent Servants.
In sta n ce s h a v e c o m e to th e n o tic e o f G o v e rn m e n t in w h ich
G o v ern m en t serv an ts in p articu lar, from the N ilk h et and Palassey
B arracks, D acca h av e o rg an ised and atten d ed p u b lic m eetin g s in
o rd er to v e n tila te alleg ed g riev an ces, an d h av e so m etim es taken
m atters in to th eir h an d s to red ress these g rievan ces. G o v ern m en t
are fu lly a w a re o f th e in co n v e n ie n ce s w ith w h ich G o v ern m e n t
se rv a n ts h a v e h ad to p u t up on tra n sfe r to D acca. T h ey h a v e
alread y rem ov ed m o st o f them and are prep ared alw ay s to rem ov e
any o f the leg itim ate g riev an ces b ro u g h t to their n otice. They w ill
n o t h o w e v e r to b re a k in d is c ip lin e a m o n g th e ir s e r v a n ts .
G o v ern m en t therefore desire that it should be im pressed upon every
G o v ern m en t serv an t that their g riev an ces sh ou ld b e su bm itted for
re d re ss to th e p ro p e r a u th o ritie s in a re g u la r m a n n er, an d the
o rg a n isa tio n o f p u b lic m e etin g s and a g itatio n s and the tak in g o f
oth er actio n s to co erce G overnm en t o ffen d again st the provision s of
th e G o v e r n m e n t S e r v a n t's C o n d u c t R u le s to w h ich e v e ry
G o v ern m en t serv an t is su bject. G o v ern m en t w ould be relu ctan t to
take d ra stic d iscip lin ary actio n ag ain st its serv an ts an d tru st that
they w ill realise that su ch ag itatio n is ag ain st th eir ow n interest.
It is th eir in ten tio n ho w ever to take firm d iscip lin ary action to
d eal w ith any co n trav en tio n o f the G o v ern m en t S e rv a n t's C on d u ct
R ules.
It is req u ested th at this circu la r be co m m u n icated to all staff
under your control.
Sd / W . B. K ad ri,
D eputy Secretary to the

H om e D epartm en t
G en eral A d m inistration and A p p oin tm en t
F ro m :
A. A hm ed
C h ief Secretary to the G o v ern m en t o f East Bengal.
To
T he D ep artm en t o f Planning and Public R elations
G o v ern m en t of E ast Bengal, D acca
M em o ran d u m N o. 1139 G. A., d ated , D acca, the 24th D ecem b er,
1947.
80
Su bject: C ond u ct o f G overnm en t Serv an ts : T ak in g p a rt in P olitical

C on troversies.
In stan ces have com e to th e notice of G o v ern m en t, o f G o v ern m en t
Serv an ts taking part in public d em on stration s or p u b lic m eetin g s or
issuing p re ss statem en ts for or ag ain st the a d o p tio n o f B en g ali as
the State L angu age of this Province. T h is co n tro v ersy h as assum ed
a p o litica l co m p lex io n . It is, th erefo re, no lo n g er p e rm issib le for
any G o v ern m en t Servan t to take part in this or a n y o th er p o litical
co n tro v ersy p u blicly. G o v ern m en t S e rv a n ts d o in g so , w ill ren d er
th e m selv es liable to d iscip lin ary actio n for o ffe n d in g a g a in st the
provisions o f the G overnm ent Servants' C onduct R ules.
Sd/A . Ali
for C h ief Secretary to the G o v ern m en t o f East Bengal.
G overnm ent Servants' C onduct Rules

1. "17. C om m unication of official docum ents or in form ation :
A G o v ern m en t serv an t m ay n ot, u nless g en e ra lly o r sp ecially
em pow ered by G overnm ent in this behalf, co m m u n ica te d irectly
o r in d ire c tly to G o v ern m e n t se rv a n ts b e lo n g in g to o th e r
D ep artm en ts, o r to n o n -o fficial p erso n s, o r to the P ress, any
d ocu m en t or inform ation w hich h as com e in to h is p o ssessio n in
the co u rse of his pu blic duties, or has been p rep ared or collected
by h im in the co u rse o f those d u tie s, w h e th e r from o ffic ia l
sou rces or otherw ise."
2. "1 8 C onnection w ith Press :
A G o vern m en t serv an t m ay not, w ithou t the p rev io u s san ction
o f G o vern m en t, b eco m e the p ro p rieto r in w h o le or in p art, or
co n d u ct or p a rticip a te in the ed itin g or m a n a g e m e n t of any
new sp ap er or other periodical publication.
3. "2 0 . C riticism of G overnm en t and p u blication o f in fo rm atio n or
op in ion upon m atters relating to foreign cou n tries :
(i) N o G o v ern m en t servant sh all, in any d o cu m e n t p u b lish ed
under his ow n nam e or in any public u tterance d elivered by h im ,
m a k e an y sta tem e n t o f fact or o p in io n w h ic h is c a p a b le o f
em barrassin g :
(a) T h e re la tio n s b etw een G o v ern m e n t an d th e p e o p le o f
Pakistan or any section thereof, or
M»n :5nc*TMW#
(b) T h e relations b etw een G overnor G eneral in C ou ncil and any

foreign co u n try or the ruler of any state in Pakistan.
(ii) A G o v ern m en t serv an t w ho intends to pu blish any d ocu m ent
under his ow n nam e or to deliver any public utterance containing
sta tem e n ts in resp ect of w hich any doubt as to the ap p lication
o f th e re strictio n s im p o sed by su b ru le (1) m ay a rise sh all
su b m it to the G o v ern m en t u nd er w hich he is serv in g a copy of
d o cu m en t w h ich he in ten d s to p u blish or o f the u ttera n ce to
d eliver, and sh all n o t pu blish the d ocu m en t or ... sav e w ith the
s a n c tio n o f th e G o v e rn m e n t u n d e r w h ic h ... w ith su ch
alteratio n , if any as the G o v ern m en t m ade.
4. "2 3 Tak in g part in po litics and elections :
(i) N o G o v ern m en t serv an t shall take p art in, su b scrib e o r assist
in any w ay, an y p o litical m ovem en t in P akistan , or to Pakistan
a ffa irs .
E x p la n a tio n : T h e e x p re ssio n 'p o litic a l m o v e m e n t' in clu d es
an y m o v em e n t or a ctiv itie s ten d in g d ire ctly or in d irectly to
e x c ite d isa ffe ctio n ag a in st, o r to e m b a rra ss / th e G o v ern m en t
as by law e sta b lish e d , o r to p ro m o te feelin g s o f h atred or
* enm ity betw een d ifferent classes o f P akistan su b ject or to disturb
p u blic peace.
(ii) N o G o v ern m en t serv an t sh all perm it any person d epend ent
on him for m ain ten an ce or under his care or co n tro l to take part
in, or in any w ay assist, any m ovem ent or activity w h ich is, or
tends directly o r indirectly to be su bversive o f G ov ern m en t as by
law e sta b lish ed in P akistan.
E x p lan atio n : A G o v ern m en t serv an t sh all be d eem ed to have
p e rm itte d a p e rso n to tak e p art in o r' assist a m o v em en t or
a ctiv ity w ith in the m ean in g o f clau se (ii), if he has n ot taken
ev ery p o ssib le p recau tion and d one ev ery th in g in h is pow er to
prevent such person so acting or if, w hen he know s or has reason
to su spect that such person is so acting he does not at once inform
G o vern m en t or the officer to w hom he is su bord in ate."
E x p lan atio n : " T h e ex p ressio n "p o litica l m o v em e n t" in clu d es
an y m o v em e n t or a c tiv itie s ten d in g d irectly or in d irectly to
e x cite d isaffectio n ag ain st, or to em barrass, the G o v ern m en t as
b y law esta b lish e d , or to p ro m o te feelin g s hatred or en m ity
b etw ee n d iffere n t cla sses o P akistan su b ject or to d istu rb the
p u blic p eace."
8—
a*
10 N o v em b er, 1948
The q u estio n has been raised w hether G overnm ent S e rv a n ts sh o u ld
be a llo w e d to p articip ate in the activities of th e Ja m a t-i-Is la m i
sp o n so red by M aulana A bul Ala M oududi of L ah o re. I am to say
that as th e Jam at-i-Islam i, is a political m ov em en t, G o v e rn m e n t
serv a n ts sh o u ld not, in view of the provision o f ru le 23 o f the
G o v ern m e n t Servant C on d u ct Rules, participate in its a ctiv ities. I
am to req u est that this m ay be brought to the notice o f y ou r o fficers
and staff.
A s s i s t a n t S e c r e t a r y to th e G o v e r n m e n t o f E a s t B e n g a l,
E sta b lish m e n t D ivision.
3 S ep tem b er, 1949

In Ju n e, 1949, a num ber of subordinate em ployees (Ju n io r A ssistan ts,
O rd erlies, etc.) h ailin g from W est Bengal applied to G o v ern m e n t
req u e stin g that they sh o u ld be allow ed to re-opt fo r s e rv ic e s in
W est B en g al in view of difficulties of looking after th e ir p ro p erties
and fam ilies in W est Bengal and of the fact that in th e ey es of so m e
of th e ir c o lle a g u e s fa ilin g from East Bengal th e ir lo y a lty to
Pakistan w as su spected. They w ere informed that G o v ern m e n t w as
u n a b le to a ccep t th e ir re q u e st. Su bsequ en tly, s o m e o f th e s e
m isg u id ed em p lo y ees took out a procession in D a cca d em a n d in g
that they sh o u ld be allo w ed to re-opt for services in W est B en g al.
A few d ay s later a letter appeared in Azad and Z in d ig i p u rp o rtin g
to h a v e b ee n w ritten by 'su ffe re rs', inviting the a tte n tio n o f the
P rem ier an d C h ief S ecretaries of East Bengal and W e s t B en g al to
p erm it re -o p tio n to em p lo y ees w ho wanted to se rv e in the o th e r
Province.
G o v ern m e n t strongly d isap prove public agitation o r re p rese n
tation by em p lo y ees h ailin g from West Bengal for b e in g a llo w ed to
re -o p t to serv e in W est Bengal. Such rep resen tation o r ag ita tio n
w ould not alter the p o sitio n as regards options but w o u ld m erely
p ro v id e m a te ria l to en e m ie s of Pakistan to decry it. G o v ern m e n t
d e s ire th a t th ese fa c ts b e m ade w idely know n a m o n g s u c h
e m p lo y e e s and they sh o u ld be w arned that su ch a g ita tio n or
re p rese n ta tio n sh all in fu tu re be taken as indicative o f d islo y alty
to P ak istan and ren d er su ch em ployees liable to d is m is s a l fro m
s e rv ic e .
mi Hnwr«TFra f f e n s
I lom e D ep artm en t P olitical M em o ran d u m , A ziz A hm ed , C h ief

Secretary to the G overnm ent o f E ast Bengal.
Il> jan u ary , 1950

I he G o vern m en t have for so m etim e been w atching the activ ities o f
I lie P ro g re ssiv e W rite rs' A sso cia tio n in P a k ista n an d are now
sa tisfie d th at it is d e fin ite ly a p o litica l o rg a n is a tio n . It h a s,
therefore, been d ecid ed that the G overnm en t serv an ts should not, in
view o f th e p ro v isio n s of R u le 23 o f the G o v ern m e n t S e rv a n t
C ond u ct Rules, beco m e m em bers o f the A ssociation or particip ate in
its activities. 1 am to requ est that this m ay be b ro u g h t to the n otice
o f y ou r officers and staffs.
C h ie f S ecretary , M in istry o f the In terio r H om e D iv isio n , K arach i.
G o v ern m en t o f E ast B en gal, B -P roceedings, D eportm en t o f P lann ing,
Bundle N o. 3, D ecem ber, Proceedings No. 37-47 ; and G overn m en t of
East B en g al, B -P ro ceed in g s n B an glad esh N atio n al A rch iv es, P u b lic
R e la tio n s D e p a r tm e n t, B r a n c h -P u b lic ity , B u n d le 19, M ay 1949,
Proceeding N os. 42-55.
'■>iiPf-<3!wrrfa*t5rsj$.
E xtract from the In au gu ral A d d ress of F azlu r R ahm an, M in ister for
In terior, Inform ation & B road casting and Education, G ov ern m en t of
P ak istan d elivered to the P akistan E d u catio n al C o n feren ce h eld at
K arachi from 27th N ovem ber to 1st D ecem ber, 1947
T h e lan g u ag e p ro b lem h as long b u ffle d o u r ed u ca tio n ists for
w ith the exception o f R ussia it is m ore com p lex in India than in any
o th e r co u n try . In see k in g a p ra ctica l so lu tio n w e w ill d o w ell to
study the Russian exp erim entation in this as in m any other fields of
ed u ca tio n . W ith a s m an y as 2000 g ro u p s of d istin ct n a tio n a lity
ra n g in g from the h ig h ly civ ilised to trib es still in the p rim itiv e
stage o f d evil-w orsh ip an d w ith 200 languages and d ialects som e of
w hich did n o t even have a w ritten alp h abet, to deal w ith, R ussian
sta te sm e n a n d e d u ca tio n ists had c e rta in ly a H ercu lea n task to
p erfo rm , bu t it is a tribu te to th eir p o litical sag acity that instead
of forcin g d iffere n t n atio n al g ro u p s in to n arro w R u ssia n cu ltu ra l
m ould they hav e all such languages the m edium o f in stru ctio n as
have sh o w ed som e evid en ce of cu ltu re, o f cap acity to grow into a
creative to o l and to exp ress thought p ro cesses..T o d a y ed u catio n in
S o v iet R u ssia is carried on in no less than n in e ty la n g u a g es. I
co m m en d th e R u ssian ex am p le to y ou b e c a u se it sh o w s h o w
d iv e r s ity has been e n c o u ra g e d w ith o u t e n d a n g e r in g th e
fun d am ental unity o f a com m on culture w hich has b een ensured by
the m ak in g o f R ussian as the first co m p u lsory foreig n lan g u ag e in
all n o n -R u ssia n scho o l. W e m ay n ot su b scrib e to th e R u ssia n
id eology b u t w e can certain ly b en efit from their h a n d lin g o f the
lin g u istic p ro b lem . W e in P ak istan m u st p ro v id e th e m ax im u m
scope for g ro w th to our provincial lan guages n ot m erely as m edia of
in stru ctio n b u t also as in stru m en ts for the d isse m in a tio n o f the
culture they em bod y w ithout at the sam e tim e sa crificin g the unity
of our co m m o n culture. To ensu re this unity, w e need a lan guage for
in terp ro v in cial com m u nication and in th is co u n exio n th e claim s of
U rdu call fo r sp e cial co n sid eratio n . It is the sp e cia l crea tio n of
M uslim s in Ind ia and d uring the co m p arativ ely b rief perio d o f its
ex iste n ce it h a s sh o w n an ex tra o rd in a ry v itality an d sen sitiv ity
both as an in stru m en t o f co m m u n icatio n and as a v eh icle for the
exp ression o f the su btlest sh ad es o f th o u g h t and the m o st eth ereal
flig h ts o f fa n cy . T h e fa cility w ith w h ic h it ca n b o rro w an d
a ssim ilate w o rd s from foreig n la n g u a g e, its h isto ric a ffilia tio n s
w ith P e rsia n , A rabic, San sk rit and E n g lish and its h ig h creativ e
o u tp u t in p ro se and p oetry co n stitu te to m y m in d u n a ssa ila b le
ground s for its establish m ent as the 'lin g u a fran ca' o f Pakistan.
R eport o f th e P rim ary and Secon d ary E d ucation C o m m ittee, 1947

M ed iu m o f In stru ctio n : T he C om m ittee felt that the in stitu tion o f a
co m m o n lan g u ag e w as essen tia l to th e m ain ten a n ce o f the new
n atio n o f P a k ista n . T h e C o m m itte e a g re e d th a t th e co m m o n
la n g u a g e sh o u ld b e U rd u . S o m e m e m b e rs o f the C o m m itte e
su gg ested that U rdu sh ould not only b e the co m m o n lan g u ag e for
P akistan b u t it sh ou ld also be the m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n in each
Province. O th er m em bers o f the C o m m ittee, how'ever, felt that the
question o f m edium o f instruction shou ld be left to each Province to
d ecid e acco rd in g to its requ irem en ts b u t th at U rd u sh o u ld be the
h im ■311 C *T 1=1 W < 1 i P le l’ ra 8 (c
.second co m p u lso ry la n g u a g e in sch o o ls. T h e C o m m itte e w ere

in clined to su p p o rt the seco n d view . T h e D . P. I., E a st B engal,
h o w ev er, felt th a t U rd u sh o u ld n o t be th e co m p u lso ry secon d
language and should be one o f the option.
Resolutions on Jo in t C om m ittee Recom m endations

(ii) T he co n feren ce d iscu ssed the im p licatio n s o f the p ro b lem and
the re co m m en d a tio n s of th e co m m ittee s in th is b e h a lf at g reat
length. T h e d e le g a te s w ere u n an im o u sly o f o p in io n th at U rd u
should be recogn ised as the lingua franca o f P akistan and that steps
shou ld be tak en to en su re ad eq u ate facilities for its teach in g and
le a rn in g in th e e d u ca tio n a l in stitu tio n s o f the co u n try . It w as
pointed out that the in trod u ction of U rd u as a com p ulsory language
w ould be a n a tu ra l co ro lla ry to its a ccep ta n ce as th e n a tio n a l
lan gu age o f Pakistan.
W h ile so m e d eleg a te s m ain tain e d th at it sh o u ld be ta u g h t
right from the b eg in n in g o f the school stag e so as to in creasin gly
and p ro g ressiv ely ad o p t it as the m ed iu m of in stru ctio n in the
e d u c a tio n a l s y s te m , o th e r s m a in ta in e d th a t it w o u ld b e
ed u cationally unsound, p articularly w hen the m oth er-to n gu es w ere
su fficien tly d ev elo p ed . T hey h eld that the m o th er ton gu es could
flo u rish and d ev elo p sid e b y sid e w ith the lingua fran ca and one
n ee d n o t th r o ttle th e g ro w th o f the o th e r. U ltim a te ly , the
conference u nanim ously ad opted the follow ing resolutions :
. This co n feren ce recom m en d s to the C on stitu ten t A ssem bly that
U rdu sh o u ld be reco g n ised as the lingu a fran ca o f P akistan .
R esolved that U rdu m u st be taught as a com p ulsory language in
sch o o ls, the stage o f its in tro d u ctio n in the P rim ary Sch o o ls
b e in g le ft to th e d e c isio n o f th e P ro v in c ia l an d S ta te s
G overnm ents. The P rovincial and States G overnm ents concerned
w ill d eterm in e the m edium or m edia pf instru ction at the school
stag e.
P ro ce e d in g s o f fhe P a k ista n E d u c a tio n a l C o n fe re n c e h eld a t
Karachi from 27th N ovem ber to 1st D ecem ber, 1947. G overn m en t of
E ast B e n g a l, B -P ro c e e d in g s , B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l A rc h iv e s ,
E d u catio n D ep a rtm en t, B u nd le N o. 92, A p ril, 1953, P ro ceed in g s
N o. 769-94.
8b ^Ftl blcisi-’fX
MWH'sa 'ifw ^ r 'SpfTii w r a csm f r s f g
IM M E D IA TE

H om e D epartm ent
P o lit ic a l
From : D.L. Pow er, Esc., P.A .S.,
To : D eputy Sec. to the G ovt, o f East Bengal
No. 745-P., d ated D acca, the 3rd M arch, 1948.
I am d esired to request you to bring the enclosed P ress N o te to the

n otice o f your staff.
D eputy Sec. to the G ovt, of East Bengal

3/P.M .3.3
P r e s s N o te
S o m e m isu n d ersta n d in g a p p e a rs to h av e arised o v e r th e im p li
catio n s o f th e recen t d ecisio n of the C o n stitu en t A ssm e b ly that all
p ro ceed in g s in that h o u se sh all be co n d u ced in U rd u o r E n glish .
G o v e rn m e n t, th e re fo re , c o n s id e r it n e c e s s a r y to c la r ify th e
im p licatio n s of this decision. T he rule in qu estio n as p assed by the
C on stitu en t A ssm ebly reads as follow s :
"A ll p ro c e e d in g s in th e C o n s titu e n t A s s e m b ly s h a ll be
co n d u cte d in th e U rdu or E n g lish lan g u ag e, p ro v id e d th at th e
P resid en t m ay allow any p erso n u n acqu in ted or n o t s u ffic ie n tly
acquinted w ith U rdu or English to use another language".
It w o u ld b e clear, th at th is d ecisio n is m e rely a m a tte r o f
p ro ced u ra l co n v e n ie n ce; it d o es not ban the use o f B en g a lee o r
S in d h i o r P u n ja b i or P u sh tu by a M em b er o f th e C o n s titu e n t
A ssem b ly in that house, n or ind eed does this d ecisio n in an y w ay
p re ju d ic e th e issu e o f w h e th e r B en g alee sh o u ld b e th e S ta te
la n g u a g e o f th is p ro v in ce. T h a t issu e can be d e c id e d a t th e
a p p ro p ria te tim e so le ly in a cco rd a n ce w ith the w is h e s o f th e
p e o p le o f th is p ro v in ce a lo n e as a s c e rta in e d th r o u g h th e ir
a ccred ited representatives. G overnm en t w ish to w arn the p eop le o f
th is province th at the en em ies of this State are alread y b u sy trying
*'i»n 5irwi5iM<j id s p m
to ex p lo it th is d ecisio n w ith a view to creatin g a sp lit am on g the

M u slim s o f th is p ro v in ce on w h o se so lid a rity the stre n g th of
I astern P akistan p rim arily d ep en d s and that they h av e d ecid ed to
ilea l firm ly , as u n d e r the c irc u m sta n c e s th ey m u st, w ith any
attem p t on the part o f p o litical saboteu rs to create trouble.
H. Progs. H om e Jud icial B u n d le -1 0 7 , January, 1952 Progs, 55-57
TR^trt: is
UT<F1 fe s ftp W *1
E xtract fro m th e C o n v o catio n G u e s t's S p e e c h G iv e n at th e D h ak a

U n iv ersity b y M . A. Jin n a h , M arch , 1948.
"There fo llo w ed in rapid su cce ssio n o f o th e r d ifficu ltie s su ch as

w ith h old in g by India of ou r cash b alan ces, of our share o f m ilitary
e q u ip m e n t an d la tte rly , th e in stitu tio n o f an a lm o st co m p le te
eco n o m ic b lock ad e of you P rovin ce. I h av e no d oubt that all right-
th in king m en in the Indian D om inion d eplore these h ap p en in gs and
I am su re the a ttitu d e o f the m ind th at h as b een re sp o n sib le for
th em w ill ch an g e, b u t it is essen tial that y ou should take a n ote of
th e se d e v e lo p m e n ts. T h ey stre s s the im p o rta n ce o f co n tin u e d
v ig ila n c e on o u r p art. O f la te , th e a tta c k on y o u r P ro v in c e ,
p articu larly , h as taken a su btle form . O u r en em ies, am on g w hom I
reg ret to say , there are still so m e M u slim s, h ave set ab o u t activ ely
en co u ra g in g p ro vin cialism in the h o p e o f w eaken in g P ak istan and
th ereb y facilitatin g the falicitin g the reab sorp tio n o f this P rovin ce
in to the In d ian D om in ion. T h o se w ho are p layin g th is g am e are
livin g in a F o o l's Paradise, bu t this d oes n o t prevent them trying. A
flood o f false propaganda is being daily pu t forth w ith the o b ject of
u n d e rm in in g the so lid a rity o f the M u ssalm an s o f this S ta te and
in c itin g the p e o p le to co m m it acts o f la w lessn e ss. T h e recen t
lan gu age con troversy, in w hich I am sorry to m ake note, som e o f you
a llo w ed y ou rselv es to get involved even after your P rim e M in ister
h a d cla rifie d the p o sitio n , o n ly o ne o f the m any s u b tle w ays
w h ere b y the p oison o f p ro v in cialism is b e in g sed u lo u sly in jected
in to th is p ro v in ce. D oes it n o t strik e y ou rath er odd th at certain
se c tio n s o f the Ind ian p ress to w hom th e very n am e P a k ista n is
8V - 'S 'l l c a r t o H d 't f o o i 'T S
a n a th e m a , sh o u ld in th e m atter o f la n g u a g e c o n tro v e rs y , set

th e m s e lv e s up as the ch am p io n o f w h at th ey c a ll y o u r " ju s t
rig h ts"? Is it not sign ifican t that the very person s w h o in the past
have b etray ed the M u ssalm ans or fou gh t again st P ak istan w hich is
after all m erely the em bod im ent of y ou r fu n d am en tal righ t o f self-
d eterm ination, should now suddenly p ose as the saviou rs o f your just
righ ts an d in cite you to defy the G o v ern m en t on th e qu estio n o f
language? I m ust w arn you to bew are o f these fifth co lu m n ists. Let
m e re sta te m y view s on the q u estio n o f a S ta te la n g u a g e fo r
P a k ista n . F o r o fficia l u se in this P ro v in c e , th e p e o p le o f the
P ro vin ce can ch oose any language they w ish. T he q u estio n w ill b e
d ecid ed so le ly in accord an ce w ith the w ish es o f the p e o p le o f th is
P ro v in c e a lo n e , as freely ex p re sse d th ro u g h th e ir a cc re d ite d
r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s at th e a p p ro p ria te tim e a n d a f te r fu ll an d
d isp assio n ate consid eration. T here can, how ever, b e o n ly one lingua
fran ca, th a t is, the langu age for in ter-co m m u n icatio n b etw een the
variou s P ro v in ces o f the State, and th at langu age sh o u ld be U rdu
and c a n n o t b y an y o th e r. T h e S ta te la n g u a g e th e re fo re m u st
obviou sly b e U rdu, a language that has been nu rtu red by a hundred
m illio n s of this su b-con tin en t, a lan g u ag e u n d ersto o d th ro u g h o u t
the le n g th and b re ad th o f P ak istan and a b o v e a ll, a la n g u a g e
w hich, m o re than any oth er provincial lan guage, em b o d ies the best
that is in Islam ic cu lture and M uslim trad itio n an d is n ea rest to the
la n g u a g e s u sed in o th e r Isla m ic co u n trie s. It is n o t w ith o u t
sig n ifican ce that U rdu h as been driven ou t o f the In d ian U nion and
that ev e n th e official use o f the U rd u scrip t h as b een d isallo w ed .
T h ese facts are fully know n to the p eop le w ho are try in g to ex p lo it
the lan g u ag e con troversy in o rd er to stir up trouble. T h e re w as no
ju stifica tio n for agitation bu t it did n o t su it their p u rp o se to ad m it
this. T h e ir so le object is exp loitin g th is co n tro v ersy is to crea te a
sp lit a m o n g the M uslim s o f th is State, as in d eed th ey h ave m ad e
n o s e c re t o f fh eir e ffo rts to in cite h atred a g a in st n o n -B e n g a li
M u ssa lm a n s. R ealisin g , h o w ev er, th at the s ta te m e n t that y o u r
Prim e M in iste r m ade on the lan gu age co n tro v ersy on retu rn from
K arachi, left n o room for agitation, in so far as it co n ced ed the right
o f the p e o p le of th is P ro v in ce to ch o o se B en g a li as th e ir o fficia l
la n g u ag e if they so w ish ed , these p erso n s ch an g ed th e ir tactics.
They started d em and ing that Bengali sh ou ld be the S ta te lan gu age
n i? ic i* n i 8b
(if the Pakistan centre and since they could n o t overlook the obvious
cla im s o f U rd u as the o fficia l lan g u ag e o f a M u slim State, they
p roceed ed to d em an d th at both B en g ali an d U rd u sh o u ld b e the
State languages o f Pakistan. M ake no m istak e about it. T h ere can be
only one State lan g u ag e, if the com p on ent p arts o f this State are to
m arch forw ard in unison and that language, in m y opin ion , can only
be Urdu. I have spoken at som e length on this su bject so as to w arn
you o f the kind of tactics ad opted by the en em ies o f P akistan and
ce rta in o p p o rtu n ist p o liticia n s to try to d isru p t th is S ta te or to
d iscred it th e G overnm ent. T hose of you w ho are abou t to en ter life,
b e on your guard against these people. T h ose o f you w ho are about to
en ter life, b e on you r guard against these peop le. T h ose o f you w ho
h a v e still to co n tin u e y o u r stu d ies for so m e tim e, d o n o t allow
y o u rselv es to b e ex p lo ited b y any p o litica l p arty or self-se ek in g
politicians. A s I said the oth er day, your m ain occu p ation should be
in fairn ess to y o u rselv es, in fairn ess y ou r p aren ts an d in d eed , in
fairness to the State, to d evote your attention solely to y ou r studies.
It is only thu s that you can equip y ou rselv es for the b a ttle of life
that lies ahead o f you. O n ly thus w ill be an asset and a so u rce of
stren g th and o f p rid e to y o u r State. O nly thu s you can assist it in
so lv in g the g reat social an d econom ic p ro blem s that co n fro n t it and
ab le it to reach its d estin ed g oal am ong th e m ost p ro g ressiv e and
strongest n ations o f the w o rld ."
D h ak a U n iv e rsity , T he C o n v o ca tio n S p eech es, V ol. 2, 1948-1970,
(D haka : D haka U n iv ersity , 1995), pp. 22-24.
L eg islativ e M o tion
S ta te m en t
O n the 11th M arch , a g en eral strik e w as called by the Tam u d d in

M ajlis and E ast Bengal M u slim Stud ent L eag u e as a p ro test against
the decision o f the P akistan C on stituen t A ssem bly not to recognise
B en g ali as a State L angu age. In resp o n se to the call so m e o f the
M oslem stu d en ts w ent to picket the gates o f the Secreta ria t, H igh
«r*n 'SiU'WHd
C ou rt an d o th e r G overnm en t offices. The p icketters w ere ab so lu tely

p e a cefu l and the Police ap p eared and beg an to w an t o n ly assau lt
th e p e a c e fu l p ick etters w h ich resu lted in in ju rie s to a b o u t 100
p e rso n s. T h is P o lice Z o o lo o m is d eclared by M r. N a z im u d d in
A hm ed as com p lain ed by the East Bengal M uslim S tu d en ts League.
T h is m o tio n is so u g h t to be m oved to d iscu ss th e v ita l "Police"
Z o o lo o m " .
Yours truly,
1 5 .3 .1 9 48 Sd /P rotap C h an d ra G u h a R oy
G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast B en g al, B -P ro ceed in g s, L eg is la tiv e D ep a rtm

e n t, B a n g la d e s h N a tio n a l A r c h iv e s , A p ril-M a y , 1 9 5 0 , B u n d le
N o. 13, P roceed ing s No. 698-705.
'Jts.'stn : b-

L eg islativ e A sse m b ly D ep artm en t
M o. 190 L. A.
From : S. A. F. H ussain Esq.

S e cre ta ry to th e E ast B engal L egislative A ssem bly
To
T h e S ecretary to the G o v ern m en t of East Bengal
H om e (P o litica l) D ep artm en t
D acca, th e 2 1 st A pril, 1948.
S u b je c t: D ecision on Resolution
S ir ,
I a m d ire cted to state th at the G o v ern m en t re so lu tio n w hich
stoo d in the n am e o f the H o n 'b le Mr. K. N azim u d d in , M . L. A.,
P rim e M in iste r w as m o v ed b y him at the m e etin g o f the E ast
B en g al L eg isla tiv e A ssem b ly h eld on the 6th A p ril, 1948. It w'as
d iscu ssed at the m eeting o f th e East B en g al L eg isla tiv e A ssem b ly
h eld o n the 8th A p ril, 1948 and w as ca rrie d by th e A sse m b ly
w ith o u t d iv isio n as s lig h tly am end ed . T h e v erb a l a m e n d m e n t
m oved b y the o riginal m o v er for rep lacing the w ord "s c h o la rs " bv
Ihe w ord "stu d e n ts" w as also accepted. C op ies enclosed.
A copy of the printed d ebate w ill be forw arded in due course.
I have the h o n ou r to be
S ir
Your m ost obedient servant
Sd/S. A. E. H ussain
Secretary to the E ast B en gal L eg islative A ssem bly

G overnm ent R esolution As M oved in the House
V. T he H o n 'b le M r. K. N azim u d d in to m ove that this A ssem b ly is
o f o p in io n that (a)k B en g ali sh all be ad op ted as o fficial lan g u ag e
for rep lacin g E n glish in the P ro vin ce o f E ast B engal ; and (b) the
m edium o f in stru ctio n in ed u ca tio n a l in stitu tio n s in E ast B en gal
sh all, as far as p o ssib le, b e B en g ali, or the m o th er to n g u e o f the
m ajority o f stu d ents in the institutions.
A m end m ent C arried

16. M r. A hm ed A li M ird ha to m ove that at the end o f the text
in cla u se (a) of the reso lu tio n the follo w in g be ad d ed a t the end
"an d it w ill be im plem en ted as soon as the p ractical d ifficu lties are
rem ov ed ".
T h e re so lu tio n as a m e n d e d and fin a lly a g ree d to b y the
A ssem bly :
Th e H o n 'b le M r. K. N azim u d d in :
T h is A ssem bly is of op inion that —

(a) B en g ali sh all be ad op ted as official lan g u ag e for rep lacin g
E n glish in P ro v in ce o f East B en g al and it w ill be im p lem en ted as
soon as th e p ractical d ifficu lties are rem oved ; and
(b) th e m edium o f instru ction in ed u cation al in stitution s in East
Bengal sh all, as far as possible, be Bengali, or the m oth er ton gue of
the m ajority o f stu d en ts in the institutions.
G o v ern m e n t o f E ast Ben g al, B -P roceedin gs, B an g la d esh N a tio n a l

A rc h iv e s , H om e D ep artm en t, P olitical B ran ch, B u n d le -4 8 , Ju ly ,
1949, P roceed ing s No. 11-12.
■snrSRf^^ ^ 5 SWrf»f^ t f f t *tfa<f>BI '« 8^5131 ^5|f%Wv5
Enem ies of Independence
B engal h as lost m ore than w hat she h as gained by in d ep en d en ce.
T h ere is n o reason for co m p ellin g the B en g ali sp e a k in g p eop le to
live in a d iffe re n t P ro v in ce and le arn fo reig n la n g u a g e s an d
c iv iliz a tio n , ev en after p artitio n . It is tru e th at U rd u or H in d i
can n o t co n tribu te m uch to the natural d evelopm en t o f Bengali. N on e
has d e fe a te d the B en g a lis : w h ere a s th e B e n g a lis h a v e free d
In d ia. T h e re fo re , the B en g a lis sh a ll n e v e r to le ra te th at o th e rs
sh ou ld d o m in ate them.
W e can (not) und erstand w hat harm d o the B en g alis do, section
of th em th in k s of so v ereig n B engal and eith er p a rt o f u n itin g it
u nd er eith er dom inion.
C h a s lii , ed ite d b y M a jib u r R a h m a n an d p u b lis h e d fro m
M ym ensingh, 16 July, 1948.
G o v ern m e n t o f East B en g al, B -P roceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l

A rc h iv e s, P olitical D ep artm en t, H om e B ran ch , B u n d le 4 7 , A p ril,
1949, P roceed ing s No. 288-91.
(<fcl>isii) cistcn
•2FT5
T ip p era D istrict M u slim S tu d en t's L eague
R esp ected Sir,

W e b eg m o st respectfully to place b efo re you for y o u r kind and
s y m p a th e tic co n sid era tio n ce rta in facts w hich b e a r a re la tio n to
w elfare o f the stud ent com m u n ity as w ell as to the in tere sts o f ou r
state. In the first place, w ithou t ranking up the m u ch vexed U rd u -
B en gali co n tro versy w e beg to su ggest th at ed u catio n in P akistan in
all its stage-p rim ary , seco n d ary and u niversity sh o u ld b e im p arted
th rou gh the m edium o f ou r native to n g u e - for w e b e lie v e that the
best in terest o f education can be served in this w ay alo n e.
T ip p e r a D istric t M u slim S tu d e n t's L e a g u e , C o m illa , 2 7
N o v e m b e r, 1948. G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B en g a l, B - P r o c e e d i n g s
B a n g la d e s h N a tio n a l A r c h iv e s , H om e D ep a rtm en t, P o litica l
Branch, B u n d le - 57, A pril, 1951, P roceed ings N o. 279-343. •
ftw tl
P olice R eport on the A ctivities of L eftist Stu d en t Front, 1949.

O n the S tu d en t F ront, the East P akistan S tu d en t's Fed eratio n is
an active organisation am ongst the younger section. It w as successful
in d raw in g to its fold quite a large num ber o f M uslim stud ents. The
S tu d en t's Fed eratio n took up the cau se o f the language con trov ersy
in M arch , 1949, and tried to w ork in co o p eratio n w ith the M u slim
S tu d en t's grou p s and w as su ccessfu l to a certain exten t in actin g in
co lla b o ra tio n tem p o rarily w ith the E .P .M .S.L . Ju st like its p aren t
bo d y, it also seized all p o p u lar cau ses to exp lo it the situ atio n . The
S tu d e n ts' F ed eratio n took up the cau se o f the U n iv ersity M en ials'
s trik e and w as p artially su cce ssfu l in cre a tin g so m e a m o u n t of
d istu rb a n ces. L ik e m o st o th er H ind u p o litical o rg a n isa tio n s, the
C o m m u n ist P arty o f P ak istan also has b een m a in ta in in g its link
w ith the p aren t bod y o f India and has been d raw in g its in sp iration
fro m the A ll In dia leaders.
G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast B e n g a l, B -P r o c e e d in g s , B a n g l a d e s h
N a tio n a l A rc h iv e s ,' H om e D ep artm en t, P olice B ran ch , A u g u s t ,
1950, Bundle N O . 153, Proceedings No. 646.
T h e V ice C h an cello r
D acca U n iversity , D acca, D ate : 20.10.1950.
D ear S ir,
W ith d ue resp ect w e beg to state that you are certain ly aw are
of the All E ast Pakistan E d ucational C onferen ce held op the 15th &
16th Se p te m b er, 1950, on w hich the tw o esteem ed D ailies T n sa f'
an d 'P a k is ta n O b s e rv e r' w ro te e d ito ria ls on 1 7 .9 .5 0 & 16 .9 .5 0
48
respectively. In the conferen ce a 'C h arter o f D em an d s' on E d ucation

h as b ee n fo rm u late d to sa v e it from c o lla p s e . F o r y o u r kind
c o n s id e ra tio n w e en c lo se h erew ith a co p y o f th e 'C h a r te r o f
D em and s'.
M ay w e ex p ect that y ou w ould k ind ly in tim ate u s w ith step s
that you are g oin g to take up for its im p lem en ta tio n w ith in thirty
d ay s w ith effect from the d ate you receive it.
Y o u rs fa ith fu lly ,
S d / O li A h ad
fo r S e cre ta ria t, G an a S ik sh a P arish ad
94, N a w a b p u r, D acca
C op y to
1. T h e H o n 'b le M in ister o f E d ucation, P ak istan , K arach i.
2. T h e H o n 'b le Prim e M in ister o f East Bengal, D acca.
3. T h e H o n 'b le M inister o f Education, East Bengal, D acca.
4. T h e V ice-C h an cello r, D acca U n iversity , D acca.
*
E xtract from th e C harter o f D em an d s
4(c) T h e sh o rt-sig h ted sch e m e o f teach in g fou r la n g u a g e s in the
sch o o l, the u nscientific and thoughtless cu rricu lu m an d the sy llab u s
sh o u ld be refo rm ed . U rd u m u st n ev e r b e m a d e a co m p u lso ry
lan gu age for the stud ents o f schools.
1 0 .(a) B e n g a li sh o u ld b e re co g n ise d as o n e o f th e s ta te
lan g u ag es o f Pakistan.
(b ) the p ro m ises g iv en by the then P rim e M in is te r o f E ast
B en gal to the people under pressure of the state lan g u ag e m ov em en t
sh o u ld b e execu ted and th ere should also be an ex p la n a tio n w hy
they have not been yet g iven effect into.
(c) B engali shou ld be recognised and en acted in to law' as the
m ed iu m of instruction up to the highest standard o f ed u cation .
(d ) T he sev en teen cen tres w here the A rab ic scrip t for B en g ali
h a s b ee n e x p e rim e n te d sh o u ld be c lo s e d d o w n a n d su ch a
G overnm ent effort should n ever be planned in future.
(e) T he d isto rted B en g ali m ixed w ith U rd u , serv ed by R ad io
P a k ista n sh o u ld b e im m ed ia tely sto p p e d . B e n g a li p ro g ra m m e
s h o u ld co v e r 75% o f the to tal p ro g ra m m e o f D acca sta tio n o f
P a k ista n R adio.
»T*Tt ‘Tpiei<T3
(f) the renow ned B en g ali w riters w ho h ave been d ism issed from
the D acca Statio n o f P ak istan R adio should be im m ed iately taken
b ack w ith p ro p er exp lan ation .
1 0 .(a ) T h e v ic tim isa tio n o rd e rs serv ed on the stu d e n ts for
taking p art in the d em ocratic m ovem ents, from tim e to tim e, should
be w ith d raw n u n co n d itio n ally and im m ed iately.
(b) T here should be recognition o f freedom of m eetin g and other
d e m o c ra tic rig h ts w ith in e d u c a tio n a l in s titu tio n s . U n d e r n o
circu m stan ces sh all w e su p p o rt the police interferen ce in the affairs
of any ed u catio n al in stitution s.
11. A ll stu d e n t p riso n ers d etain ed in ja ils sh o u ld e ith e r b e
im m ed iately released or pro d u ced in open trial.
15. T h e co n feren ce co n d em n s the secret circu lar issu ed by the
C h ie f S e cre ta ry , E ast B en g al G o v ern m e n t, Su g g estin g re p ressiv e
m e a su re s a g a in st the te a ch e rs and the stu d en ts o f e d u ca tio n a l
in s titu tio n s . T h e c o n fe re n c e fu rth e r d e m a n d s its im m e d ia te
w ith d r a w a l.
16. A ccord ing to the m ost consid ered op inion of this con ference,
th e im p e r ia lis t s e c ta r ia n p o lic y p u rsu e d by th e P a k is ta n
G o v ern m en t w ith regard to foreign ed u catio n , is d etrim en tal to the
in tere st o f h ig h er ed u catio n o f th e co u n try . A fter rev iew in g this
p o licy , the co n feren ce is co n v in ced that t h e ‘g ov ern m en t h as been
d o in g g ro ss in ju stice to E ast P ak istan is in p articu lar. T h is co n fer
e n ce, th e refo re, resolv es th at the m ajo rity o f the sch o la rsh ip s for
foreig n ed u cation should b e offered to East Pakistanis.
17. T h is c o n fe re n c e a fte r g iv in g d u e c o n sid e ra tio n to the
n a tio n a l ch aracte ristics, cu ltu re & literatu re, h ereb y re so lv es that
this p art o f P akistan be nam ed 'B e n g a l' instead of 'E a st B en g al' or
'E a st P a k ista n '.
Sd / A . Sam ad
P resid en t
16.9.1950.
E xtract from P roceed in gs of the m eeting o f the Board of R esidence,
H ealth and D iscip lin e held at 3 P. M . on 23.11.50 in the O ffice of
the V ice-C h a n cello r, D acca U niversity .
P re s e n t: 1. V ice-C h an cello r, D acca U n iversity
2. P rovost, S. M uslim H all
3. P rovost, F. H. H all
4. Provost, D acca & J. N. H all
C ontroller of E xam ination s, on special request.
1. P ro ceed in g s of the last m eetin g held o n 19.4.50 w ere read and
confirm ed.
3. C o n sid ered an 'u ltim a tu m -lik e ' le tte r to the V ic e -C h a n c e llo r
from O li A h ad , and also review ed his p ast a ctiv ities, n am ely,
I. H is p articip atio n in the m e n ia ls' strik e and e x p u lsio n from
the U niversity becau se o f this,
II. H is u ndertaking to the Provost of g ood con d u ct in future, and
also his u nqualified apology for taking p art in the m e n ia ls ' strike.
III. H is re-adm ission to the U niversity on the b a sis o f II above,
IV . H is su b se q u e n t co n d u ct, in c o m p le te d is r e g a r d o f h is
u n d ertak in g , and in v iolatio n o f the ru les and re g u la tio n s o f the
U n iversity , in :
a. A sso ciatin g him self w ith alm o st a ll u n a u th o rised m eetin g s
held in the U niversity com pound,
b. T ak in g a lead ing p art in the n o -fee cam p aig n , and p ick etin g
at the A ccounts counter,
c. B eh a v in g in d e ce n tly to an A s s is ta n t P r o c to r w h en h e
prevented him from participating in an u nau th orised m eetin gs.
d. H o ld in g sessions of the so-called E d u cation al C o n fere n ce in
the A sse m b ly H all o f th e F. H . M u slim H a ll w ith o u t th e
perm ission o f the au thorities.
R ecom m en d ed that, in view of all th ese a ctiv itie s, a g a in st h is
u n d ertak in g and the ru les and re g u latio n s o f the U n iv ersity , O li
A h ad 's application for ad m ission to the I Y ear M. C o m . class b e n ot
accep ted .
The B oard rose at 4.30 P. M.
S e c re ta ry
2 4 .1 1 .5 0
r<tCtT*ri ^fWfsi <3 AIIWI<*H
H is H ighness the Aga Khan has b een eu lo g ised for h a rp in g on the

lan g u ag e controversy. Pakistan O bsen 'er (13 F eb ru ary, 1951) states :
"W e are glad that the Aga K han h as d o n e som e p lain sp eakin g, at
the risk of b ein g m isu n d ersto o d , re g ard in g the la n g u a g e co n tro
v ersy. T h o u g h w e d o n o t th in k th at m a k in g A ra b ic the S ta te
L an gu age o f P ak istan is a feasib le p ro p o sitio n still h e has d on e a
serv ice b y b o ld ly attack in g so m e false n o tio n s ab o u t U rd u . T h e
pow ers th at be in K arach i w ill d o w ell to p o n d er over h is w ords.
T he o n ly w ise co u rse u n d er the circu m sta n ces is to ad o p t both
B en gali and U rdu as the State L angu age of Pakistan. M orn in g N ew s
(1 4 .2 .5 1 ) w rites : "A ll the th ree reaso n s th at the A ga K h an has
ad v an ced for A rab ic and ag ain st U rdu ap p ear to be on the face of
them fallacio u s. In fact, th ese arg u m e n ts, ea ch on e o f them , can
w ell b e u sed , w ith eq u al fo rce a g a in st A rab ic b ein g the sta te
la n g u a g e o f P ak istan ! W e m ean n o d isre sp e ct to the A ga K han
w hen w e resp ectfu lly d iffer from him . A rabic has not b een able to
u n ite the A rabs T h em selv es. H ow can it u nite p ak istan w ith the
A rab w o rld ? U n ity in the w o rld o f Islam w ill w ork ou t o f other
solid facto rs than la n g u a g e." A zad (13.2.1951) say s, "H is H igh n ess
the A ga K han has m ad e a sig n ifican t p ro p o sal. H e has su ggested
that A rab ic be m ad e the State L an gu age o f P akistan . H is p rop osal
is not new . It h as got m any su p p orters bo th in E astern and W estern
P a k istan . A t a m eetin g of the E astern P ak ista n M u slim L eag u e
C ou n cil a resolu tion in favou r o f A rabic has alread y been passed. It
th e re fo re a p p e a rs th at the m o v em e n t in su p p o rt o f A ra b ic is
g a in in g g ro u n d . T h e lead ers o f the co u n try and the th o u gh tfu l
section o f the peop le should therefore go deeply into this m a tter."
H in d u sth a n S ta n d a rd (1 4 .2 .1 9 5 1 ) re fe rs to H is H ig h n ess the
A ga K h an 's su gg estio n of A rabic as State L angu age and com m en ts :
" B e n g a li M u slim s w ho h av e b een resistin g ev en the ad o p tio n of
U rd u , are likely not even to co n sid er the su gg estio n serio u sly in
sp ite o f its em e rg e n ce fro m so e x alte d a relig io u s lead er. It is
stra n g e in d eed that su ch im p ractical su g g estio n s are so m etim es
m ad e b y peop le w ho are expected to know better. Possibly they so
w ith an ey e o f the g allary a lo n e ." ju g a n ta r (13.2.1951) rem a rk s :
" M o re than h a lf o f the p o p u la tio n o f P a k ista n sp eaks B en gali.
L earn in g o f A rabic w ill be d ifficu lt for them , and learning of both
A rabic and' U rd u w ill be all the m ore d ifficu lt for the m inorities.
Let us see w hat is in store for them ."
T h e m em orial presented to the H o n 'b le M in ister of East Bengal
by a g ro u p o f p ro m in en t p eo p le for m ak in g B en gali as o fficia l
la n g u a g e in E a st B en g al h a s re ce iv e d a m p le su p p o rt. A z a d
a —
4b- ^5T3T blqeT^ra
(2 5 .2 .1 951) sta te s, "A s C h ie f M in iste r o f E ast B en g a l fo u r y ears

b a ck , H is E x celle n cy K h w aja N azim u d d in , h im s e lf h eld ou t the
h op e in the flo o r o f the A ssem bly that B en g ali w ou ld b e m ad e the
official lan g u ag e in East Bengal. H is su ccessor has n ot yet m ad e any
attem p t to m aterialise that p ro m ise into actio n . N ow an d then w e
h ave rem ind ed G overn m ent about their p ro m ise b u t to n o effect. As
H is K h w aja S a h e b 's su ccesso r Jan ab N u ru l A m in d id n ot say
an yth in g abou t it m any p eop le w ere led to b eliev e th a t it w as the
in te n tio n o f G o v e rn m e n t th a t this d em a n d m ig h t b e k ep t in
abeyance. In view o f the m em orial that has now b een p resen ted to
th e H o n 'b le C h ie f M in ister o f East B en g al, is it n o t up to h im to
tak e up this m a tter in righ t ea rn e st? " ln s a f (2 5 .2 .1 9 5 1 ) sa y s "T h e
h o p es ex ten d ed b y the H o n 'b le M r. N u ru l A m in se e m to b e as
e lu d in g as th o s e o f h is p red ecesso r th e H o n 'b le K h w a ja
N azim u d d in. W ith o u t pin ning ou r faith in su ch a ssu ra n ce s it w ill
b e w ell for us to take up this w ork o u rs e lv e s," A zan (2 7 .2 .1 9 5 1 )
com m en ts : "T o d o justice to the Bengali language it sh o u ld b e m ade
n o t only the o fficial lan g u ag e in East B en g al b u t it sh o u ld also be
m a d e the o ffic ia l lan g u ag e o f the w h o le o f P a k is ta n . It is the
fu n d a m en tal p rin cip le o f D em o cracy th at the la n g u a g e w h ich is
sp o k en o f b y th e m ajo rity o f the p eo p le o f a s ta te b e m a d e its
o ffic ia l la n g u a g e ."
Th e recent d ep u tation to H o n 'b le P rim e M in ister o f E ast Bengal
led by som e p ro m in en t citizen s to ad vocate the ca u se o f B en g ali as
th e State L an gu age o f the P ro vin ce h as w hip p ed up o n ce ag ain the
la n g u a g e co n tro v ersy . H in du sthan S tan dard (2 6 .2 .1 9 5 1 ) re m a rk s :
" T h e very id ea o f m ak in g B en g ali th e o ffic ia l la n g u a g e of E ast
Bengal is likely to encounter som e op p osition from th e n o n -B en g ali
o ffic ia ls in th e S e c re ta ria t b u t su ch o p p o sitio n s h o u ld n o t b e
allo w ed to stan d in the w ay o f the re a lisa tio n o f an id ea w hich
ev ery p a trio tic p erso n ch e rish e s at h e a r t." A n a n d a B a z a r P atrika
(26.2.1951) co m m en ts : "F iv e crores of P akistan is sp ea k the B engali
la n g u a g e . T h is la n g u a g e can not be m ade an o ffic ia l one
au to m atically . For d oin g it m em orials and a g itatio n s h av e to taken
resort to. It clearly show that the prospect o f reco g n itio n o f B engali
in East Bengal is not a very rosy on e."
T h e su p p o rte rs of U rd u as bein g the o n ly S ta te L a n g u a g e in
P a k ista n c o m e s in fo r a d v e rs e c r itic is m . P a k is t a n O b seri'er
5T*n '6|lt+fMM4
(1 8 .4 .1951) w rites : M au lan a A kram K han is rep o rted to h av e said

at the U rd u C onference th at those w ho op p ose U rd u in E ast Bengal
are the e n e m ie s o f Isla m . P resu m ab ly h e in clu d es am o n g th ese
'e n e m ie s ' th o se w h o lik e D o cto r M ohd . S a h id u lla h h a v e b een
ad v o ca tin g A rab ic as o u r S tate L an g u ag e in p re fe ren ce to U rdu.
T h o s e w h o w an t to see U rd u an d U rd u alo n e in sta lled as o u r
N a tio n al L an gu age are b ad p sy ch o lo g ists. They h ave started th eir
w ork in the w rong w ay. Instead of trying to force the lan gu age on us
they shou ld have left n atu ral forces to take their ow n cou rse. A fter
all, w e repeat, the N atio n al L an gu age is not such as can b e im posed
on a m ajo rity by a m in o rity ." In s a f (20.4.1951) say s : "A g a in st the
w is h e s o f th e E ast P a k ista n is w h o are a rd e n tly in fa v o u r o f
B en g ali th o se w ho carry on p ro p ag an d a in fav ou r o f U rd u m u st
su ffe r the co n seq u en ce for it. In selectin g the N atio n al L an gu age
th o se w h o w ill n o t d isp la y w isd om m u st at o n e for th eir sin s ."
P an chajan ya (21.4.1951) co m m en ts : W e h o p e the aw aken ed p u b lic
o p in io n in E ast B engal w ill not like to see the B en gali lan g u ag e to
b e e ith e r d w a rfe d o r e x tirp a te d . U rd u an d A ra b ic m a y b e
in tro d u ced in the co u n try b u t not at the co st o f B en g ali w h ich is
sp o k en by 4 crores of E ast P akistan is."
G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B e n g a l, B -P r o c e e d in g s ; B a n g la d e s h
N a tio n a l A rch iv es, P u blic R elation D epartm en t (P & D ), B u n d le -2 ,
Jan u ary , 1952, P roceed in gs N o. 788-854.
N u ru l A m in say s : P olice tear-gassed Stu d en ts in Self-d efen ce ;
E ast P akistan A ssem bly A d journed
T h e P o lice party g u ard in g th e D acca U n iv ersity resorted to a
L flf/ n -ch arg e and u sed te a r-g a s a g a in st a crow d to s tu d e n ts
s u rro u n d in g the U n iv ersity y esterd ay m o rn in g , a cco rd in g to the
C h ief M in ister o f East Pakistan, M r. N urul A m in. But P olice opened
fire o n th e stu d e n ts, said D . N . D u tta, D ep u ty L e a d e r o f the
O p p o s itio n in th e E a st P a k ista n A sse m b ly in the a fte rn o o n .
P rese n tin g a m o tio n for a d jo u rn m e n t for the H o u se, M r. D utta
d em a n d e d an in q u iry into the situ atio n arisin g out o f the P olice
firin g on the stu d ents n D acca yesterday.
M r. M o n o ra n ja n D har, a n o th e r C o n g ress M em b e r, told the
H o u se that stu d ents injured by the police firing w ere ly in g in Dacca
M e d ica l C o lle g e H ospital.
M r. A b d u r R asheed , a m em ber o f th e M u slim L e a g u e P arty ,
ask ed the C h ie f M inister to v isit the h o sp ita l h im self an d m ake a
sta tem e n t on the floor of the H ouse. T he C h ie f M in ister, M r. N urul
A m in , said th at acco rd in g to his in fo rm a tio n the p o lic e p arty
gu ard in g the university w as surrounded by the stud en ts and in self-
d efen ce it had to resort to a /af/n-charge and u se tea r-g a s. P olice
and p assers-b y w ere brick -b ated and sev era l officers w ere injured.
P rivate ca rs w ere also attacked .
T h e C h ie f M in iste r to ld the A sse m b ly th at in s p ite of the
p ro m u lg a tio n o f Section 144 in D acca, stu d e n ts, an d so m e o th er
y ou n g m en tried to break the p olice co rd o n and to co m e o u t o f the
U n iv e rsity co m p o u n d . H e ex p ressed h is fu llest sy m p a th y w ith
those w ho had been injured an d said a thorou gh en q u iry w ould be
m ad e. If an y official had co m m itted ex cesses h e w ould b e su itab ly
d ea lt w ith , h e added.
A d jo u rn m en t D em and : the dem and for ad jou rn m ent, m oved by
M r. D. N . D utta, w as su p p o rted by the L ead e r o f the O p p o sitio n ,
tw o in d ep en d ent m em bers and a M uslim L eag u e m em ber. T he C h ief
M in ister, M r. N urul A m in, opposed the d em an d for ad jou rn m en t o f
th e H o u se. L a te r, the m e m b e rs o f the C o n g re ss P a rty , so m e
in d e p e n d e n t m e m b ers, o n e M u slim L e a g u e m e m b er an d tw o
Sch ed u led C aste m em bers left the House.
A fter th e q u estio n tim e, th e Sp eak er a d jo u rn ed the H o u se till
this a ftern o o n .
D aw n, 22 F ebru ary, 1952, p. 8.
P olice F irin g in D acca A gain : 43 in ju red , 2 k illed -

D a cca, F eb ru ary 22 : Police again open fire at several p laces in the
m orn ing to brin g the deteriorating situation u n d er control. A ccording
to a P ress n o te issued in the even in g 'in all 45 injured p erso n s w ere
ad m itted to the hospital. T w o persons d ie d ,’
M o rn in g N ew s O ffice B u r n t : A report said that a m ob set fire to
the o ffic e r and the prem ises o f the M o rn in g N ew s of D acca. T he
m an ag em ent w as reported to be m aking arrangem ents to produce the
paper tom orrow m orning from another press.
T h e m o b a lso sm ashed a d istrib u tio n van o f the n ew sp ap er.
C u rfew h as b een clam ped on the city fro m 10 p. m. till 5 a. m.
(S a tu rd a y ). M ilita ry h ad to be ca lle d o u t to d ay the p o lice in
brin gin g the situ atio n u nd er con trol. A n o th er report stated that the
stu d en ts low ered to half-m ast the N ational Flag on all ed u catio n al
institutions. A fter tw o d ay s' firing the P olice rounded up a num ber
of p erso n s w ho w ere d escribed as 'n o n -stu d e n ts' p articip atin g in
to d a y s' d e m o n s tra tio n s h eld at s e v e ra l p la c e s , it is re lia b ly
learned. T he Press n o te ad d ed : 'O n the N aw ab p u r Road a n o th er
unru ly crow ed o v erp o w ered the p o lice o fficers in -ch a rg e o f the
forces and tried to su rround it. Sin ce it w ould not d isp erse firing w as
resorted to in o rd er to d isp erse it. A lathi ch arge w as also m ad e in
the u n iv ersity a re a .'
O fficials of the G o v ern m en t in evenin g d escribed the situ atio n
as 'u n d er control'. A n earlier m essage says : 'T hree persons died and
sev eral received in ju ries w hen the p o lice opened fire in D acca on
M o n d ay aftern o o n on stu d en t d em o n strato rs w ho, acco rd in g to a
P ress note, w ere com m ittin g a breach of Section of 144 Cr. P. C. The
s tu d e n ts y este rd a y o b serv ed a g en eral strik e in re sp o n se to a
P ro v in ce-w id e ca ll m ad e by the S ta te L an g u a g e C o m m ittee of
A ction. Section 144 C t. P. C. w as p rom u lgated here on W ed nesd ay.
S e v e ra l a rre sts are rep o rted to h av e b een m ad e fo llo w in g the
d em onstration by the stud ents today.
T h e G o v ern m en t Press note issued late last night said that the
crow d 'b ecam e v io le n t’ and a Inf/ii-charge w as Ordered w hich had
o n ly a tem p o rary effect. T h e n o te ad d ed th at the crow d threw
b ric k b a ts at the P o lic e and v e h icu la r tra ffic. M r. H a sa n A li,
M in iste r for C o m m u n ic a tio n s, w as am o n g th o se w ho receiv ed
in ju ries. In sp ite o f w arn ings the crow d 'tried to ad v an ce tow ard s
the P o lic e p arty m a rc h in g a ttitu d e ' the n o te sa id . T h e P o lice
th ereu pon fired a few rounds as the crow d 'ru shed forw ard to attack
the P o lice force'.
D aw n, 23 Febru ary, 1952, p. 1.
D acca T rag ed y
All P ak istan w ill g riev e and o u r enem ies w ill d eriv e co m fo rt and
ch e er from the tragic h ap p en in g s at D acca. F irst and forem o st w e
o ffe r h o m ag e to those w ho h ave paid the forfeit o f th eir lives in
the c o n flict b etw ee n th eir co n v ictio n s on the on e h a n d , and the
p rin cip le that law and o rd er sh all be m ain tain e d , on th e o th er
hand. T here is no doubt that they h ave sacrificed th e ir you n g lives
for a cau se they passionately believed in, w hatever co u rse of action
that b elie f m ig h t have led them to.
T heir m em ory deserves respect and w ill en d u re. W e also grieve
th at so m any o th ers sh o u ld h av e re ce iv e d p h y s ic a l h u rt, and
extend sy m p ath y to them.
T his tragedy becom es d oubly so becau se w hile th ere is n o doubt
that the v ast m ajo rity o f the stu d en ts and oth ers w h o stag ed the
d em o n stratio n s w ere actu ated by sin cere co n v ictio n an d acted in
th eir ow n lig h t as tru e P a k ista n is, th e re m u st h a v e elem e n ts
m ingled w ith them and no d oubt adding fu el to th eir h o n est favour,
w ho w ere a g en ts of ou r en em ies. Su ch elem e n ts in filtra te d into
m any w alks o f P akistani life and ch osen E ast P a k ista n as the first
target b ecau se they b elie v e th at if they can d isru p t th a t p a rt of
P akistan first, then half th eir n efariou s b attle w ill b e w on. In their
u nd erstan d able zeal for a language they ch erish and in th eir larger
lo v e for P a k ista n as a w h o le , m any an h o n e st E a st P a k ista n
e n th u sia st re p eated ly m isses this fact an d is u n a b le to gu ard
against this d an ger. T his is the d eep er traged y th at u n d e rlies the
tragedy o f the p resent D acca incidents.
But ev ery d ark clo u d h as a silv e r lin in g a n d o u t o f these
g riey o u s h a p p e n in g s has em erg ed the fin al k n o w le d g e of how
d eeply our p eop le and our kith and kin in East P a k ista n feel on the
language issue. This k no w led ge had b een gro w in g fo r q u ite so m e'
tim e and n ow the C hief M in ister o f E ast P akistan h im s e lf has got
the P ro v in cial L eg islatu re to pass a reso lu tio n that B en g a li should
also share w ith U rdu the h o n ou r o f b ein g ad o p ted as o n e o f our
com m on m o th erlan d s' state languages. T he issue is th u s settled and
the co n s titu e n t A sse m b ly , w e are c o n fid e n t, w ill a c c e p t th is
p osition and act accord ingly w hen the ap p rop riate tim e com es. W e
can assu re th e p eop le o f E a st P ak istan th at the p e o p le o f W est
P a k istan w ill n o t g ru d g e th em the e q u a lity w ith U rd u w hich
Bengali has at last own.
Let by co m m o n consent the curtain be rung dow n on the sad and
tragic ep iso d e excep t that the prom ised en q u iry sh o u ld be h eld to
d eterm in e w h eth er firin g w as n ecessa ry . N o G o v e rn m e n t can
p e rm it la w le s s n e s s a c c o m p a n ie d by v io le n c e to s u b v e rt the
tran quillity o f the State, sp ecially w hen en em y a g en ts are ev e r on
the alert to turn such d isord ers to their even ow n n efariou s purposes.
In B h arat, too, ugly in cid ents n ecessitatin g recourse to u se o f force
a g a in st citizen s an d stu d en ts h av e hap p ened m an y tim es. B u t the
q u estio n o f q u estio n s is - w ou ld d am age to life an d p ro p erty h ave
b een cau sed had n ot the P olice op ened fire? T his q u estio n m u st b e
a n sw ered by co m p eten t reliable au thorities.
E d ito rial, D aw n , 23 F eb ru ary , 1952.
D acca In c id e n ts : G o v ern m en t C la rifie s Situ ation

D acca, F eb ru ary 2 2 : T h e E ast P akistan G o v ern m en t issued a P ress
n o te la st n ig h t sta tin g that on e p erso n died on the sp o t and tw o
s u ccu m b e d to in ju rie s la ter o u t o f a to tal o f 18 w o u n d ed b y a
/af/zz-charge an d b u lle ts from those w h o w ere a d m itte d in the
h o sp ita l. Sp o k esm an o f the stu d en ts, how ever, gave h ig h er figures
for th e w ou nd ed . T h e follo w in g Press note w as issu ed by the East
P a k ista n G o v ern m en t last night.
"A p p re h e n d in g a serio u s b reach o f the peace, as a result o f an
a tte m p t p la n n e d to b rin g th e n o rm a l life o f D acca C ity to a
s t a n d s t il l on F eb ru ary 21, 1952, th e D is t r ic t M a g is tr a te
p ro m u lg a te d on F eb ru ary 22 an o rd er u nd er Sectio n 144 C r. P. C.
p ro h ib itin g the assem b ly o f m o re than five persons,- the h o ld in g of
m e etin g s and - the taking ou t o f p rocessions w ith ou t his perm ission.
T h e o rd er w as annou n ced w idely throughout D acca.
" O n the m o rn in g of Febru ary 21, the stud en ts held a m eetin g in
the co m p o u n d o f the D acca U n iv ersity . T h e V ice-C h a n cello r, the
P ro v o st, the D ean and som e o f the professors o f the U niversity tried
to p ersu ad e them n o t to defy the law bu t the stu d en ts did n o t listen
to th em and d ecid ed to defy the o rd er u nd er Sectio n 144 C r. P. C.
p ro m u lg ated by the D istrict M agistrate and cam e ou t in b atch es of
m o re th an five to v iolate the order.
B ric k b a ts : "T h e ab u sed th e p o licem en on d uty in the m o st
filth y la n g u a g e an d co n tin u ed to do so th ro u g h o u t the d ay. A t
s e v e ra l p la ce s, p e o p le g o in g a b o u t in the tow n w ere m o lested ,
v eh icles w ere attack ed and put ou t of action and sh o p k eep ers w ho
w a n te d to k eep th e ir sh o p s o p en w ere in tim id ated into clo sin g
them . A t ab o u t m id d ay a large bod y o f stu d en ts cam e out on the
ro ad , form ed in to a p ro cessio n and threw b rick b ats w hich injured
so m e co n sta b le s and o th ers and also d am aged the police car. They
oTO if f e 'T g
ru sh e d to w a rd s the p o lice and w ere ask ed by th e D is tric t

M agistrate n o t to defy the law . They refu sed to listen to him and
co n tin u e d to th row b rick b a ts at the p o lice party. F in d in g the
s itu a tio n d a n g e ro u s the D istrict M ag istrate asked the cro w d to
d isp erse and w arned the people that if they did not do so force w ill
h av e to be used to d isperse them .
"T h is w arnin g w ent unheeded and brickbats were th row n at the
p o lice p arty. O n the o rd er o f the D istrict M agistrate tear g as was
u sed to d isp erse the crow d. A fter a sh ort w hile, the cro w e d re
assem b led , cam e ou t on the road and rushed tow ards the M ed ical
C ollege and A ssem bly House.
"B rick b ats con tin u ed to be throw n, as a result o f w hich m ost of
the officers p resen t w ere injured, including the D. I. G. o f P olice, the
D is tr ic t M a g is tr a te , th e S u p e r in te n d e n t o f P o lic e S p e c ia l
S u p erin te n d en t o f p olice, the A d d itional Su p erin ten d en t o f Police,
the A. D. S. P. tw o sergeants of Police, one Inspector and n u m b er of
co n stab les.
La f/ii-Charge : "T h e crow d obstructed the traffic on the road
an d p elted b rick b ats at the p o lice party. W hen the crow d b ecam e
very violent and refused to listen to the disp ersal w arning g iv en by
th e D istric t M a g istra te. T h is h ad only a tem p orary e ffe c t an d ,
a fter a little w h ile, that crow ed re-assem bled and rushed tow ard s
th e p o lice.
" A sh o w er o f brick b ats w as throw n at the police party an d the
c ro w d cam e fro m sev e ra l sid e s, d eterm in ed to su rro u n d and
o v erp o w e r the p o lice force. A ll veh icu lar traffic on the road w as
sto p p ed . C ars o f M r. H asan A li and the D irector of Land R eco rd s
w h o w ere p ro ceed in g to the A ssem bly H ou se w ere attack ed and
th e y w ere in ju re d as w ell. A t this stag e it w as cle a r th a t the
situ a tio n w as g ettin g out o f co n tro l and find in g that the p o lice
p a rty w as lik ely to be o v er-p o w ered by th e crow d, the D istric t
M a g is tra te g av e a w a rn in g th a t if th e p eo p le fo rm in g th is
u n la w fu l assem bly did not d isp erse he w ill be com pelled to open
fire to d isp erse them .
W arn in g : "T h is w arning w as received w ith another sh o w er of
b rick b a ts and filthy abuses. Sin ce the w arning went unheeded and
th e crow d tried to ad van ce tow ards the police party in a m enacin g
a ttitu d e , u nd er the ord ers of the D istrict M agistrate a few ro u n d s
w ere fired . T h e firing w as then stopped. But instead of d isp ersin g
I ho c r o w d a g a in ru sh ed fo rw a rd to a tta c k th e p o lic e fo rce
w h e re u p o n som e m o re ro u n d s w ere o rd ered w h ich b ro u g h t the
ituation u nd er control.
" T h e g o v ern m en t regret to s ta te ", the P ress n o te said "th a t one
p erson d ied on the sp ot and out of the nin e other persons w ith-bullet
in ju ries w h o w ere ad m itted into the M ed ical C ollege H osp ital, to
o th ers su ccu m b ed later to their in ju ries at abou t 8 p. m . Persons in
in ju rie s a s a re su lt o f the /af/ii-charge an d the use o f tear gas
receiv ed m ed ical atten tio n in the h o sp ital and nin e su ch cases have
b ee n a d m itte d in to th e h o sp ita l. T h e co n d itio n o f n o n e o f th e
p e rso n s now in h o sp ita l is serio u s and all cases are p ro g ressin g
sa tisfa cto rily . In fo rm atio n in p o ssessio n of the G o v ern m en t so far
sh o w s th at a n u m ber of persons u nconnected w ith the U niv ersity or
an y o f the ed u catio n al In stitu tio n s h ave been the ch ief in stig ato rs
of th is law lessn ess, resu lting in the m ost u nfortu n ate incident o f to
d ay. T h is m atter is u n d er the clo se in vestigation.
D a xvn ,23 F ebru ary, 1952, p. 6.
T h e R ea l D an g er
O f th e D acca trag ed y w e h av e alread y o n ce w ritten in a v ein in
s in c e re so rro w . Sy m p ath y for the v ictim s o f the p o lice firin g has
b ee n g en u in e an d u niv ersal. T h e fact that the five p reciou s liv es
lo st in the in cid en ce o f last w eek w ere those o f prom isin g stu d en ts
flo w e r o f y ou th w ill m ak e th at se n se o f trag ed y m ore p o ig n an t.
T h e r e w ill, b e h o m a g e fo r th e ir m a rty rd o m , p ra ise fo r th e ir
s a c rific e and resp ect for their co u rag e o f conviction . But w e should
n o t sh u t o u r ey es to the real im p licatio n s o f the situ atio n . T h eir
p a tr io tis m w ill n o t b e q u e stio n e d , b u t th e ir ra sh n e ss w ill b e
d e p lo re d . E ven u n d e r the stress o f su ch a p ain fu l traged y and
p o ig n a n t so rro w w e sh o u ld n o t lo ss o u r sen se o f reality . T h e
e x c ita b le y o u th h ad faced th e b u lle t in a fren z ied a ttem p t to
d e m o n s tr a te th e ir lo v e for th e ir la n g u a g e h ad all the sa m e
re g re tta b ly v io lated law and o rd er, o b v io u sly u nd er the w icked
in s tig a tio n o f p eo p le w ho hav e n o love for P ak istan and w h a t it
s ta n d s for. T h is en e m ie s of ou r co u n try ex p lo ited their y o u th fu l
e m o tio n to crea te a situ atio n su b v ersiv e o f law and ord er an d to
th ro w E ast P akistan into a tu rm o il in w hich ou r enem ies o u tsid e
w o u ld find an o p p o rtu n ity they h av e been w aiting, for. That these
su b v e rsiv e elem e n ts had ch o sen E ast P akistan as the base o f th eir
'tPlel<>ra
n efariou s a ctiv ities m ust have b een clear ev en to th ese you ng m en.
They sh o u ld h av e realised how d an gerou s it w as to p lay w ith the
e m o tio n a lly in fla m m a b le q u e s tio n o f la n g u a g e in su ch an
in h e ren tly e x p lo siv e situ atio n . H o w ev er, m u ch on e m ig h t regret
the firin g d u rin g the incidents, it m ust be clea r even to the blin d est
that it w ou ld h a v e been su icid al folly for the G o v ern m en t to have
a llo w ed th e se su b v ersiv e ele m e n ts to g o u n ch eck e d w ith th eir
d efian ce o f law and order.
T h e traged y has occurred. A ll that can no w be done is to m ake a
ju d ic ia l in q u iry in to the w h o le incid en t. T h a t h as a lread y been
p ro m ised . S o far as the East P akistan G o v ern m e n t are con cern ed ,
th e la n g u a g e q u e s tio n its e lf h a s b e e n s e ttle d in a m a n n er
sa tisfa cto ry to the p ro tag o n ists o f B en gali. It is tim e n ow for all
p a trio ts, y ou n g and old, to jo in h an d s and to w ipe ou t the bitterness
th at th e in cid en ts o f the past few days h ad en gen d ered . Patriotism
co m m an d s them to stand together and thus isolate the enem y agents
w ho h av e b een ex trao rd in arily activ e d u rin g the past few days. It
is no lo n g er a secret that only on e com m u nity had staged a so-called
h a r t a l a fte r th e first d a y 's in c id e n ts. It w as th ey w h o w ere
forem o st in the d efian ce o f the o rd er u nd er Sectio n 144. It w as they
w h o h ad in stig a te d the lo cal M u slim y o u th a g a in st the M uslim
re fu g e e s from B h arat. F o rtu n ately their in stig a tio n did n ot fully
su cce ed . A n u m b er o f non M u slim fo reig n ers h av e b een arrested
w h ile d istrib u tin g in flam m ato ry p am p h lets at d iffere n t places in
the P ro vin ce. A ll this show s that there w as a deep seated and well
laid o u t p la n b e h in d a ll th e se in c id e n ts, m e a n t to serv e the
in terests o f P a k ista n 's enem ies. It is not the lan g u ag e qu estion, but
th is c o n c e rte d o p era tio n by an enem y n e tw o rk th at is the real
d an ger. T h e lan g u ag e qu estion, w e have n o t the least d oubt, w ill be
s a tis fa c to rily so lv e d . T h e im m ed ia te a tte n tio n o f the P ro v in cial
an d C en tral G o vern m en ts sh o u ld turn to the existen ce o f this secret
n etw o rk o f en em y ag en ts w ho are activ ely assisted by their local
su p p o rte rs. T h e lan g u ag e issue is only one of the w eap on s in their
arm o ry . T h e ir real objective is a m uch b ig g er and m ore am bitiou s
o n e. T h e re in lies the real d a n g e r to E a st P a k ista n . B efo re that
d a n g e r, th e tra g e d y o f p o lic e firin g p a le s in to c o m p a ra tiv e
in sig n ifica n c e .
Daxvn, 26 Febru ary, 1952, p. 5.
'»Nlc<p c<H»rsj <pi< ^KSIf«l-^l<S(f«l TR^Pf
To
P rim e M in iste r,
G o v ern m en t of East B en gal
D ated , Jesso re, the 11 Ju n e , 1951
D ea r Sir,
It is n o t u n k n o w n to y o u r g o o d self that a la rg e n u m ber o f
r e fu g e e s h a v e .com e an d s e ttle d d o w n in th is d is tric t. B u t
u n fo rtu n a te ly they h av e b een ey eso res to the tw o follo w ers of Mr.
H. S. Su h ra w a rd y , M a u lv i M ash iu r R ahm an an d M au lv i Sham sur
R a h m a n w ho h a v e b ee n h o stile to. these re fu g e es fro m the very
b e g in n in g and are trying to create division am on g the refugees into
B e n g a li an d n o n -B e n g a li g ro u p s. T h e se tw o g en tlem e n also took
a c tiv e p a rt in the a n ti-U rd u lan g u ag e m o v em en t and the form er
w a s a se c u rity p riso n e r fo r so m e tim e. D ue to their propagand a,
th in g s h a v e co m e to su ch a p ass that a few cjays ago there was a
cla sh a m o n g the B en g ali and n o n -B en gali refu gees w ho are still in
Je ss o re S a d a r H o sp ital.
Y o u rs Faithfully,
M r. M. A. Khaleque,
S e cre ta ry ,
D istrict M uslim L eague, Jessore, East Bengal
G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B en g al, B -P roceed in g s, B a n g la d esh N ation al

A r c h iv e s , P olitical D epartm en t, H om e B ranch, B u n d le N o. 80, July,
1953, P ro ceed in g s N o. 508-514.
TffsTffra : 'm
E l? t *l'tC^fi> ÎTCTtfalH*tW<l SRpf? 7F5RI frtWTg
B ar A sso ciatio n , H igh C ourt, D acca.

To
T h e P riv ate S ecretary to the
H . E. the G o vern m en t o f East Pakistan, D acca
2 2 .2 .1 9 5 2
D ea r S ir,
I h a v e been d irected to forw ard h erew ith a copy o f reso lu tio n
passed at the m eetin g of the D acca H igh C ou rt Bar A sso cia tio n for
y o u r k ind ly p lacing the sam e befo re his Excellency.
S d . Ille g ib le
Jo in t S ecreta ry
for H igh C ou rt Bar A sso ciatio n
R eso lu tio n s p assed at the em erg en t m eeting o f the m em b ers o f the

D acca H ig h C ou rt Bar A sso ciatio n held on -22.2.52. w ith M r. A. K.
F a zlu l H aq u e in the chair.
T h is em erg en t m eetin g of the m em bers o f the H igh C o u rt Bar
A sso ciatio n view w ith great concern the situ atio n arising o u t o f the
P olice firin g m ade y esterd ay (21.2.52) on the unarm ed and peacefu l
stu d e n ts w ith the U n iv ersity co m p o u n d ca u sin g sev era l d ea th s,
in n u m erab le inju ries and other casualties.
T h is A sso ciatio n stron g ly co n d em n s the action o f the P o lice in
o p en in g fire upon the stu d en t w hile w ithin their H ostel com p ou n d
w ith in th e U n iv e rsity area and e lse w h e re ca u sin g d e a th s o f
sev era l stu d e n ts and in ju ries to in n u m erab le p e rso n s-stu d e n t and
m em b ers of the public.
T h is A sso cia tio n co n d em n s th e actio n o f the a u th o ritie s in
p ro m u lg atin g ord er U / S 144 Cr. P. C . and those Police o fficers w ho
led the P olice force shou ld at o n ce b e rem oved from th eir presen t
bis
p o sitio n and that an im p artial co m m itte e be set up w ith a H ish

C o u rt Ju d g e as the C h airm an and the o th er p o litical n o n -o fficia l
persons as m em ber to en q u ire in to the acts o f firing, lathi ch a rg in g
and o th er u n ju stifiab le acts d o n e b y the Police. That the person s
found responsible for the action be brou ght to book.
T h is A ssociation w ith h earts ful o f g rief cond oles the d eath s of
these stu d en ts w ho lost their lives b y th e Police bu llets and exten d s
its sy m p ath y to the b ereav ed fam ilies.
T h is A sso ciatio n exp ress its d eep sy m p ath y to those w ho have
su stained inju ries at the hand o f the Police.
T h is A s s o c ia tio n h ig h ly a p p r e c ia te th e a ttitu d e of the
stu d en ts in m aking their d em an d s for the m oth er lan g u ag e o f 4.5
co res o f peop le form ing m ajority o f P akistan, the status o f the state
lan gu age and exp resses its u nm istakable view that B engali m u st be
one o f the State languages o f P akistan and dem and s for the sam e.
T h is A sso cia tio n ca lls u p on the m em b ers o f the P ro v in cia l
L e g is la tiv e A sse m b ly and th o se o f th e C o n stitu e n t A sse m b ly
re p resen tin g the P ro v in ce to take im m ed iate step s for the im p le
m e n ta tio n o f the ju st d em an d o f th e B en g ali la n g u a g e to b e
recogn ised as one of the state languages o f Pakistan.
T h is A sso ciatio n co n d em n s the u n called for en try in to H igh
C ourt com pound of the Police and som e A rm y m en and attem pting to
op en fire w ithin the H igh C ou rt com p ou n d , w hich they did to-day,
and in o bstructin g m em bers of the Bar and legitim ate public com ing
to the H igh Court.
T h is A ss o c ia tio n d e m a n d s th at th e m ilita ry o c c u p y in g a
p ortion o f the H igh C ou rt B uildin gs m u st be im m ed iately rem oved
th e refro m and the p re m ise s p lace at the d isp o sa l of the H igh
Court.
T h e n ex t Friday, the 29th February, 1952, be observed as a day
for fa stin g and o ffe rin g p ra y e r for the d ep a rted so u ls by the
m em bers o f this A ssociation.
Sd. Ille g ib le
Jo in t S ecreta ries
for H igh C ourt Bar A ssociation
G o v ern m e n t o f E ast Ben g al, B -P roceedin gs, P olitical D ep art-n ien t,
P olitical B ran ch, B a n g la d esh N atio n al A rc h iv e s, O cto b e r, 1952,
Bundle No. 65, Proceedings No. 821.
■to a M AiienMc^
>t(e1Pt9f3[ 3R1*fn :
w t w j a ^ccirefu catf^s w ^ W t
P akistan P osts and Telegraphs D ep artm en t

D aulatpur 23 Feb. 1 952 ,1 5 H our Six adds. 39 w ords.
To
V ic e -C h a n c e llo r U n iv ersity ,
R e se n te d B ritish lik e m u rd e r s tu d e n ts co n d e m n e d G o v t,
attitud e drastic m easures dem anded con d ole doom ed.
Students
D au latp u r C ollege
U n iv e rs ity o f D h a k a , D -R e g is te r, (D h a k a U n iv e rsity R eco rd

R oom ), Bundle N o. 54, 1952, F ile No. 188.
Tj TsJST fa^W JIelU
P ro ceed in g s o f the E m ergent M eetin g o f the D acca U n iversity

T e a c h e r 's A sso c ia tio n h eld in the T e a c h e r 's C o m m o n R o o m ,
U niv ersity B u ild in gs, on the 24th F ebru ary, 1952 at 9 P.M .
Prof. I. H. Z u beri (in the chair)
M em bers o f the A ssociation
The Follow ing resolutions w ere passed u nan im ously :

1. T h at this m eetin g req u ests the G o v ern m e n t o f P ak istan to
d eclare im m ed iately that B en g ali is accep ted as one o f the State
lan g u ag es o f Pakistan.
2. T h at th is m eetin g req u ests the U n iv ersity of D acca to take
step s to in tro d u ce B en gali as a m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n as far as
p ra c tic a b le .
3. T h at this m eeting of the A ssociation co n d em n s the outrageous
m u rd ers and assau lts o f the stu d en ts on the 21 st o f February and
su b seq u en t d ays by the P olice and the m ilitary and cond em ns the
v io la tio n o f th e san ctity o f U n iv ersity p re m ise s and requ ests the
E xecu tive C ou n cil to close the U niversity as a p rotest for one day.
4. T h a t this m eeting record s the p ro test ag ain st the entry o f the
P olice in to the U n iv ersity p rem ises an d th e te a r-g a ssin g o f and
assau lt o n stu d en ts and m em bers o f the sta ff o f the U niversity.
5. T h a t th is m e e tin g d e m a n d s th a t a ju d ic ia l E n q u iry
( o m m itte e p resid ed o v er by a H igh C o u rt Ju d g e b e co n stitu ted
im m ed ia tely to en q u ire in to the h a p p e n in g s o f the 21 st F ebru ary
and su bsequ en t days.
6 . T h a t this m eetin g d em an d s im m ed iate su sp en sio n o f officers
w ho w e re resp onsible for the happenings o f the 21st and su bsequ ent
d ays.
7. T h a t th is m e etin g d em an d s im m ed iate w ith d ra w a l o f Sec.
144 fro m the city.
8 . T h a t th is m eetin g d em an d s im m ed iate w ith d raw al o f P olice
p ick ets an d the m ilitary from the city and to ban n in g o f the entry of
the P o lic e and th e m ilita ry in to th e p re m ise s o f e d u ca tio n a l
in stitu tio n s w ith ou t the previo u s w ritten p erm issio n o f the H ead s
o f th e in stitu tio n s.
9 . T h a t this m eetin g d em and s the rem ov al o f all restrictio n s on
p re ss im m ed iately .
10. T h a t this m eetin g d em an d s that ad equ ate co m p en satio n be
g iv en to th e fam ilies o f the killed and to the injured.
11. T h a t the m e etin g d em an d s th at the a rrested p erso n s be
im m e d ia te ly an d u n c o n d itio n a lly re lea sed a n d p e n d in g th e ir
r e le a s e f a c ilitie s b e g iv e n to th e a u th o ritie s o f e d u c a tio n a l
in stitu tio n s, frien d s and relatio n s o f arrested person s to v isit them
in Ja ils.
12. T h a t co p ies o f these resolu tio n s be sen t to the G o v ern m en t,
the V ic e -C h a n c e llo r and the press.
Sd . Ille g ib le
M uzaffar A hm ed C how d hury
S e c re ta ry
D acca U niversity T e a ch er's A sso ciatio n
2 4.2.52.
U n iv e r s ity of D haka, D -R e g is te r , (D h ak a U n iv e r s ity R e co rd

R o om ), B u nd le N o. 54, 1952, File N o. 190.
TR’Sfft : itr
f<i*<il<iir(wc^sf?Ff? ^rsra f^rrs
U n iv ersity o f Dacca
E xecu tive C ouncil
Im m ed iate m eeting held on S atu rd ay , th e 24th F eb ru a ry , 1952,
at 10 a. m . in the V ice-C h an cello r's H ou se. (C o u n cil R oo m ).
P re s e n t: 1. T h e V ice-C h a n cello r,
2. the D ean o f th e F acu lty o f A rts.
3. T h e D ean o f the Faculty o f Scien ce.
4. The Dean o f the Faculty o f Law .
5. The D ean o f the Faculty o f E n g in eerin g .
6. The Provost o f S. M . H all.
7. T h e Provost o f F. H. M. H all.
8. T h e Provost of D acca H all.
9. T he T reasurer.
10. P resid ent, East Bengal S e co n d a ry E d u ca tio n Board.
11 . T he Principal, Eden G irl's C o lle g e , D a cca.
12. T h e P rin cipal, R an gp u r C o lle g e .
13. T h e P rin cip al, B. M . C o lle g e , B arisal.
14. Syed A. B. M . H ossain.
15. A. H. T alu k d ar.
R eso lv ed : T hat th is C o u n cil h as h eard w ith g reat s o rro w o f the
su d d en d eath o f M r. Fazlu r R ahm an, D ire cto r o f P u b lic In stru ctio n ,
E ast B engal, and conveys its d eep sy m p ath y to the m e m b e rs o f the
b erea v e d fam ily.
C on sid ered : T h e situation arisin g out o f the h a p p e n in g s on the 21st
February, 1952, and su bsequ ent days.
R eso lv ed U n an im ou sly : 1. T h at this C o u n c il p laces on reco rd its
d eep sense o f grief and sorrow at the tragic d ea th of, a n d in ju ries to,
a n u m ber o f stud ents w hich took place on the 21 st o f F eb ru a ry , 1952,
and afterw ard s.
2. T h at this C ou n cil takes serio u s ex c e p tio n to th e en try o f the
P o lice w ithin the p rem ises o f the U n iv ersity an d o th e r ed u catio n al
in stitu tio n s.
3. T hat the U niversity be clo sed on M o n d a y , the 2 5 th F eb ru ary,
1952, as a m ark o f respect to the stu d ents w h o lost th e ir liv es and in
s y m p a th y w ith th e ir b e re a v e d fa m ilie s an d w ith th e in ju re d
stu d en ts, an d in p ro test ag ain st th e P o lice ex cesses re su ltin g in
d eath and injuries.
F u rth er resolved : T h at the E x ecu tiv e C ou n cil u rges u pon the
C o n stitu e n t A ssem bly o f P ak istan to ad o p t B en g ali as o n e o f the
S ta te s lan g u ag es o f P ak istan and that" a co p y o f this reso lu tio n b e
sen t to all m em bers of the C o n stitu en t A ssem bly.
Sd . Ille g ib le
R e g istra r
U n iv ersity o f D acca
U n iv e rs ity o f D h a k a , D - R e g is te r , (D h a k a U n iv e r s ity R ecord
R oom ), B u nd le N o. 54, 1952, File N o. 190.
irfasw a *re.,»rn:
<PC«1C'Sr<l [*|*sp<PC,tH
M ich ael M ad h u su d an C ollege, Jessore.
To
T h e V ic e -C h a n c e llo r,
D acca U n iv ersity ,
D a cca .
S ir ,
A t a sta ff m eetin g to -d ay w e reiterated the reso lu tio n s ad ap ted by
the E x e cu tiv e C o u n cil, D acca U n iv ersity on th e 2 4 th F eb ru a ry
d e m a n d in g B e n g a li as on e o f th e s ta te la n g u a g e s , c r itic is in g
u n w arranted P o lice atrocities on stu d ents and exp ressin g p rofoun d
so rro w and co n d o len ces to the bereaved fam ilies.
Sd. Ille g ib le
P rin c ip a l
2 5.2 .1 9 5 2 .
U n iv e rs ity o f D h a k a , D -R e g is te r , (D h a k a U n iv e r s ity R e c o rd
R oom ), B und le N o. 5 4 ,1 9 5 2 , File N o. 190.
-to—
S8
krfcici^Tg Ttetfn : *o
^l5JT5I ^1fWTS
D istrict B ar A sso ciatio n , C h ittag o n g
To
T h e C h ie f Secretary to the G o v ern m en t of E ast B engal,
D a cca .
S ir ,
I b e g to fo rw ard herew ith th e co p y o f the reso lu tio n o f the
m eetin g held on 25th February, 1952 for y o u r kind in form ation and
n ecessary action.
Y o u rs faith fu lly
A bd u l L atif
Se cre ta ry , D istrict B ar A sso ciatio n
C h itta g o n g
True C op y of Resolution
D ated , 25.2.52
T h e C h ittago n g D istrict Bar A sso ciatio n stro n g ly co n d em n s the

u n w ise and im p olitic act of firing b y the P olice o f the stu d en ts w ho
a ssem bled to d em on strate their d esire to h av e Bengali as one o f the
sta te lan g u ag es and urges that an im m ed iate en q u iry be m ad e into
this o u trag eo u s act, b y a resp o n sib le tribu n al w ith a view to take a
p ro p er step s ag ain st those w h o are resp o n sib le fo r this act and to
aw ard a d eq u a te co m p en satio n to th e fam ilie s o f th o se k illed or
injured.
T h e C o m m ittee further co n v ey s their sin cere co n d o len ce to the
su ffere rs and sy m p ath ises w ith the cau se for w h ich they suffered.
Sd. H aris C han d ra Sen

P resid en t
B an g lad esh N a tio n a l A rch iv es,
G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast Bengal, B -P ro ceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l

A r c h iv e s , P olitical D ep artm en t, P o litica l B ran ch , O c to b e r, 1952,
P roceed ing s N o. 548.
^^51 CÎ'S’H ^ t? W W lT T n m 'Jfa t? i ^ s
F ro m th e S ecretary , M u k h tar Bar A sso ciatio n , Bogra
To
T h e C h ie f S ecretary , E ast B engal G o v ern m en t, D acca.
D ated , B o gra the 26th F ebru ary, 1952
S ir ,
I b eg to forw ard h erew ith a copy o f the resolu tio n s, ad opted in
an em e rg e n t g en eral m eetin g of the m em bers of the M u k h ta rs' Bar
A sso ciatio n B ogra, for favou r of y ou r in form ation and kind ly taking
n ecessary step s as p ray ed for in the resolutions.
Y o u rs fa ith fu lly
R a sh id u d d in A hm ed
S e c re ta r y
C o p y o f the resolu tio n s passed in the em erg en t G en eral M eetin g of

th e m em b ers o f the M u k h tar's Bar A sso ciatio n , Bogra, held on 25th
F eb ru ary , 1952 at 1 P. M.
1. T h a t th is m e e tin g o f the m e m b ers o f th e M u k h ta rs Bar

A sso c ia tio n , B o gra, stro n g ly co n d em n s the actio n of the P olice at
D a cca on the 2 1 st and 22n d F ebru ary, 1952 for co m m ittin g b ru tal
m u rd e r o f th e stu d e n ts and th e p u b lic and o th e r u n ca lled for
a tro c itie s and u rges upon the E ast Bengal G o v ern m en t to h o ld an
e a rly an d throu gh en q u iry in to the m atter and to b rin g the cu lp rits
to book.
2. T h at th is m eetin g co n d em n s the d eath o f the stu d en ts and
o th e rs an d co n v e y e d its h ear-felt sy m p ath y to the relatio n s o f the
d eceased and also to the injured persons.
•3. T h a t this m eetin g em p h atically d em an d s that b esid es U rdu
B en g ali sh o u ld be the State L an gu age of P akistan .
S/d A. H ossain
P resid en t
M ukhtars Bar A ssociation , Bogra
25.2 .5 2
G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B en g al, B -P roceed in g s B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l

A r c h i v e s , P o litica l D ep a rtm en t O cto b e r, 1 95 2 , B u n d le N o. 65,
P ro ceed in g s N o. 307
^r^frr: * *
<rni ^ n p n f k i m ftw r s
Jh en aid a B ar A sso ciatio n
P r e s id e n t: M aulvi T oazu d d in A h m ed , B.L. Jh enaid a

S ecretary : Sri N an i G opal Bose Jessore, East Pakistan
No. 16
T o th e C h ief Secretary ,
G o v ern m en t o f East Bengal, D acca.
S ir ,
I h av e the h o n o u r re sp ectfu lly to forw ard h erew ith a co p y o f
re so lu tio n passed in an e m e rg e n t m eetin g o f this A s so c ia tio n on
2 6 .2 .5 2 .
I have the h o n o u r to be,

S ir ,
Your m ost o b ed ien t servant
N ani G o p a l Bose
S e c re ta ry
A t an em erg en t m eeting o f the m em bers o f the C iv il, C rim in al

Bar A sso ciatio n s, Jh en aid ah , held to-d ay, the 26th F eb ru a ry , 1952,
at th e P le a d e rs A sso c ia tio n H a ll the fo llo w in g r e s o lu tio n s are
u nanim ously a d o p te d :
1. T h is m e e tin g re c o rd s its e m p h a tic p ro te st a g a in s t the
d astard ly action o f the D acca P olice is opening fire on u n arm ed and
p eacefu l p rocession of stu d en ts on 21st and 22nd F ebru ary, resulting
in lo ss o f sev eral preciou s lives d em an d s a Ju d icial en q u iry in to the
in cid en ts by a Ju d g e of the D acca H igh Court.
2. T h is m eetin g exp resses its sin cere co n d o len ces fo r the fam ily
an d th e re la tio n s o f the d e c e a se d stu d e n ts and d e m a n d s th at
ad eq u ate co m p en satio n is p aid b y the G overnm ent to th eir relatio n s
w ith o u t d elay.
3. T h is m eetin g is stro n g ly o f op inion th at im p o sitio n o f o rd er
u n d er sectio n 144 C r. P .C . in D acca th o ro u gh ly u n ju stifie d and
u ncalled for, and it d em an d s im m ed iate w ithdraw al o f th e sam e.
4. R eso lv ed fu rth er that B en g ali be im m ed iately d ecla re d as a
S ta te L a n g u a g e o f P ak istan and that all p rev io u s d e c la ra tio n s to
I h r c o n tra ry b e im m e d ia te ly w ith d ra w n to p a cify th e g ro w in g
d iscon tent in East Bengal.
5. R e s o lv e d th a t th o se B e n g a li n a tio n a ls th a t a re b e in g
d etained in prison w ithou t trial b e im m ed iately set free, or bro u gh t
lo trial b efo re com p etent co u rt w ithou t delay.
Sd . T. A hm ed
P resid en t
2 6 .2 .5 2 .
G o v ern m e n t of E ast B en g al, B -P r o c e e d in g s , B a n g la d esh N a tio n a l

A rc h iv e s, P o litica l D ep a rtm en t, P o litic a l B ran ch , O c to b e r, 1952,
Bundle No. 65, Proceed ings N o. 305.
cw ra t ts T?
C op y o f th e E m erg en t M ee tin g o f th e R an g p u r M u k h ta rs B ar'

A ssociation held on 26.2.52
1. R eso lv ed u n an im o u sly that the A sso ciatio n u rges u p o n the
a ccep tan ce o f B engali as one of the State L an gu age of Pakistan.
2. R e so lv e d u n a n im o u sly th at th e A sso c ia tio n re c e n t the
d a sta rd ly m u rd er pf the stu d en ts and th e u n w a rra n ted firin g at
D acca resu lting in d eath and in ju ries o f a large n u m ber o f in n ocen t
p eo p le.
3. R eso lv e d u n a n im o u sly , th a t th e m e e tin g u rges u p o n the
G o v ern m en t to set up a n o n -o fficial en q u iry C om m ission at on ce to
find o u t the p ersons resp o n sible for the d astard ly actio n s and to try
them in open Court.
4. R eso lv e d th at fo r the e n d s o f a fa ir in q u iry the D istric t
M a g istra te, S .P ., and E x e cu tiv e h e a d s o f D acca b e im m ed ia tely
tran sferred to som e oth er stations.
5. R eso lv ed u n an im o u sly th at th e G o v ern m en t be called u pon
the g iv e ad eq u ate co m p en satio n to the fam ilies o f the p erso n killed
at D acca in the recent P olice firing.
6 . R esolved u nanim ou sly that th e m eeting cond em ns the apathy
o f th e M .L . A s p re sen t at D acca in th e clo se n eig h b o u rh o o d of
the p lace o f firin g and w h o did n o t ju d g e an in ch to p ro tect so
m an y p recio u s lives. By their co n d u ct th ese M .L .A s h av e forfeited
« T *n 'S I K '* t M W 3 tffa s T ’ TS
the co n fid e n ce o f the p eop le and they are ca lle d u pon to resig n
at once.
Sd . K.M . Elias
P resid en t
M u k h ter Bar A sso ciatio n
Rangpur
2 6.2.52.
G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast B en g al, B -P r o c e e d in g s , B a n g la d esh N a tio n a l

A rc h iv e s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, P o litic a l B ra n ch , O cto b e r, 1952,
B und le N o. 65, Proceedings No. 669.
:-*8
>STtPnf70*R 7F5T3 f w ^ s
From
T h e Se cre ta ry , Bar A sso ciatio n
B ra h m a n b a ria
To
T h e C h ie f Secretary , G o v ern m en t o f E ast B en g al
D a ted , B rah m an b aria, 26.2.52.
T h e m em b ers o f the B rah m an baria Bar A sso ciatio n in a m eeting
p la ce on reco rd th e ir d eep se n se of so rro w an d g rief at the tragic
d e a th s an d in ju ries to the stu d en ts and th e p u b lic a t D acca and
co n d em n s the-Police firing.
R esolved fu rth er that the G overn m ent o f E ast Bengal be urged to
ord er an en quiry b y the H igh C ou rt Jud ges and to m ake arrangem ent
for co m p en satio n to their fam ilies o f the d eceased.
It is a lso resolv ed that the C o n stitu e n t A ssem b ly be u rg ed to
ad o p t B en gali as o n e of the Suite L an gu ages o f Pakistan.
. -. t . ’ P ra fu lla C h a n d ra D atta.
•* ; ' ■ •••. ' ’ , P resid en t
- *'* , ■' ' . .;/ ^ a h n l 4 n b ^ i^ f'B arA ssSb ciatio n
' > ;■/ *'■ •' / v. f ' » ■v-V
G o v e rn m e n t o f Ea£T B en g a l," B -p r o c e e d in g e , B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l
A rc h iv e s , P olitical- D e p a r t m e n t P o l i t i c a l *B )rd n ch , tO ctd b er, 1 952,
l -'-JÔdBednigfe ^ o '. 588. . .. * . •. ‘
®r*n
: *4
l^ ^ sll ( ^ f r e t t ) ^13 -flTTC Tttem 5T5T3 f ^ S
T ip p e ra D istric t B ar A sso ciatio n , C o m illa
Kef. N o. 15/52 D ated , the 26.2.52.
To
T h e C h ie f S e cre ta ry to the G o v ern m en t o f E ast P akistan .
D a cca .
D e a r S ir ,
H e re w ith p le a s e fin d a cop y o f th e r e s o lu tio n s p a sse d
u n a n im o u sly in an ex tra o rd in a ry g en eral m eetin g o f the T ip p erah
D istric t B ar A sso cia tio n h eld in the A sso ciatio n H all on 26.2.52.- -'<,
B. D asgu p ta
S e c r e ta ry
D istrict B ar A sso ciatio n
R eso lu tio n s :
1. R e s o lv e d th a t th e m e m b ers o f th e T ip p e ra h D istric t Bar
A sso cia tio n a sse m b le d in an E xtrao rd in ary G en eral m eetin g h eld at
2 P .M . on 26.2.52. stro n g ly co n d em n the action and co n d u ct o f those,
w h o a re re sp o n sib le fo r in d iscrim in ate and in h u m an firin g on and
ca u sin g d eath s to stu d en ts and the public at D acca o n 21st and 22nd
F e b ru a ry , 1 9 5 2 o v e r th e la n g u a g e q u e stio n an d u rg e u pon th e -
G o y e m m e n t to se t up an E n qu iry C om m ission o f H ig h C ou rt Ju d g es
a n d n o n -o ffic ia ls fo r h o ld in g an en q u iry in to the m a tter f o r th e"
p u rp o se o f b rin g in g the offenders to book.
R e s o lv e d fu rth e r th a t th e m e m b ers o f th e B ar A ss o c ia tio n
e x p r e s s th e ir d e e p se n se o f so rro w at the m o st u n fo rtu n a te and*
h o rrib le -killings o f -the u n arm ed inn o cen t stu d en ts*a fld -th e p u b lic
a n d c o n v e y th e ir h e a r t- fe lt co n d o le n ce s an d sy m p a th ie s to the-
m e m b e rs o f th e B ere a v ed fam ilies.
R & d ly e d fu rth e r fir at th e G o v ern m en t s h o u ld ; take .im m ed iate
jjte p s to<c*iupeiisate th je ^ e m b e T s ofjt^^êavei'faittjlies. '•
2- R eso lV e d T h a t-th e *BengaU h e nyad-e a S ta te -Language urT
P a k ista n ^ ,a n d t h a t . fo r , th is p u r p o s e t h e ^ a k i's t a n C o n s titu e n t
A ssetrd jly an d Q entrfiYrlnd Provincial G overn m en ts, b e -requested to
... take. h t& iv T d ia t^ t e p s t a Itrajr Je g isk tu rq s.to -o ijsu re f h e accep ta n ce
: o f B e h g a li a s # S ta te 'ta a g u a g e 'o f Pakistan. >} v.
3. R eso lved that the m em bers o f the Bar d isap p ro v e the a ctio n
o f th e G o v e rn m e n t in b a n n in g th e p u b licatio n o f th e P a k ista n
O b serv er and u rge upon the G overnm ent to lift the ban im m ed iately.
4. R esolved that m em bers o f the A ssociation co n d em n the action
o f the G o v ern m en t in arresting the stu d ents and the p u b lic at D acca
in clu d in g som e m em bers o f the Legislative Assem bly.
5. R eso lv ed that the d aily p ap e r M orn ing N ew s b e b o y co tted
an d th e H o n 'b le M in iste r be req u ested to take .action a g a in st th e
ed ito r fo r sp read in g d isaffectio n am o n g st the tw o co m m u n itie s in
P a k is ta n .
A ll the resolu tio n s are carried unanim ously.
Sd. B h u d h a r D as
P resid en t
2 6 .2 .5 2 .
G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast B eng al, B -P ro c eed in g s, B an g la d esh N a tio n a l
A rc h iv e s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, P o litic a l B ran ch , O cto b er,. 1 9 5 2 ,
Proceed in gs No. 306.
ifcid ’ tes Tts’sfirt; ^

<)f<WM tf5r«Tt C3P5
B arisal D istrict B oard M eeting
M em o. N o. 1176-BIG
B efo re the b u sin ess o f the m eetin g w as taken up th ere w as an
in fo rm al d iscu ssio n am o n g the m em bers p resent a b o u t the re cen t
Police firin g in D acca city and the d rafting o f a resolution , and th en
th e fo llo w in g re so lu tio n as ag reed to w as form erly p u t from th e
ch air an d carried on.
R eso lu tio n :
T h is m e etin g o f the B akerg anj D istrict Board co n d e m n s th e
actio n s o f the au th o rities resp o n sib le for the recent firin g in D acca
city an d exp ress its d eep est sorrow at the sad deaths of an d in ju ries
to so m e stu d en ts and m em bers o f the pu blic and co n v ey s its h e a rt
fe lt s y m p a th y to th e b e r e a v e d fa m ilie s , an d d e m a n d s th e
im m e d ia te settin g up o f a high p o w er in q u iry co m m ittee w ith a
H igh co u rt Ju d g e as ch airm an for find ing out and inflict p u n ish m en t
on the really guilty person s and also urges upon the G o v ern m en t fo r
aw a rd in g su itab le co m p en satio n to the fam ilies affected , and at the
«TCI tfftp|‘iT3!
s a m e tim e earn estly a p p e a ls to the p eop le to see th a t p ea ce and

tr a n q u illity is m a in ta in e d at all co sts in the g rea ter in tere sts of
P a k ista n an d its citizens.
C o p y forw ard ed to his E xcellen cy the govern or o f E ast Bengal,
D a cca for in form ation .
D is tric t B o ard O ffice, B arisal. A .W . K han

T h e 5 .3 .1 9 5 2 C h a irm a n
G o v e r n m e n t o f E a st B e n g a l, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l A rc h iv e s ,
B -P r o c e e d in g s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, P o litic a l B ra n ch , O c to b e r,
1952, B u n d le N o. 56, Proceed ings No. 307.
O ffice o f the R eg istrar,'

U n iv ersity o f D acca.
N o .l2 7 1 1 - C R am n a, D acca, the 3rd M arch , 1952.
To
B e g u m S h a ista Su h raw ard y Ik ram u llah ,
M e m b e r o f the C on stitu en t A ssem bly o f Pakistan,
5 6, C lifto n , K arach i.
D e a r S ir/ M a d a m ,
I am d irected to co m m u n ica te to y o u for in fo rm atio n an d for
fa v o u r o f n ecessary action the follo w in g resolu tion o f the E xecu tiv e
C o u n c il o f the U n iversity ad op ted u n an im o u sly at its m eetin g held
on S u n d a y , 24th Febru ary, 1952:-
"T h a t the E xecu tive C ou n cil u rges on the C on stituen t A ssem bly
o f P a k is ta n to a d o p t B e n g a li as o n e o f th e S ta te la n g u a g e s of
P a k ista n and th at a copy o f this resolu tion b e sent to all m em bers of
the C o n stitu e n t A ssem bly".
Y ou rs fa ith fu lly ,
Sd. Ille g ib le
R eg istra r
U niversity o f D acca
U n iv e r s it y of D haka, D -R e g is te r , (D h a k a U n iv ers ity R e co rd
R o o m ), B u n d le N o. 54, 1952, File N o. 190.
From : A k sh ay K u m ar Das
M em ber o f C onstituent Assem bly
Post O ffice - Sunam ganj
D istrict - S y lh e t
To
T he R eg istra r
D acca U n iv ersity
D a cca 7.3.52
D ear Sir,
1 am SI.8 in receip t of you r letter N o. 12711 D t. 3/ 3/ 52 w ith the
resolu tion o f the E xecu tive C ou ncil o f the U n iv ersity ad opted on the
24th F eb ru a ry T 952.
I assu re you m y support for die resolution.
Y o u rs faith fu lly ,
A k sh a y K u m ar Das
Member
C onstituent A ssem b ly of Pakistan
U n iv e r s ity of D haka, D -R e g is te r , (D h a k a U n iv e r s ity R ecord

R oom ), B undle N o. 54, 1952, File N o. 190.
W i f e viU d N fa* c s ffo r o
4-icycn 51^ i-
^ <3 srrftei (?i% i
(sncn^nsr <3*fl viwi^ - 1
•> .. ' .
' - •- , ! [• # T S T ? JM !
m fa w ra m 5 ip ? f ^ 'oiR? <p<jw> <1^ i
V5TW5 W i g ?0*tf ?RJF3 1{C s if e ® ^ |
cslH >t?l-'a
^WMI'>S <71C<JC^?.
f e F I <^0=1
*T
4 - f ^ <q"Gic<=i
Rc'SrflR 'SlR?! j i <jcoc%
J c^ t1 ,
M a n u s c r ip ts fo r th ree d iffe re n t k in d s o f p o s te rs are p la ced

b e lo w . T h e H .M ., n o w in -ch a rg e o f P u b lic ity , d e sire s th at the
p o ste rs sh o u ld be pro d u ced and d istribu ted all o ver the P rovin ce as
q u ick ly a s p o ssible. A ll the three p osters sh o u ld b e o f the size 3 0 " x
3 0 " . I th in k 2 0 ,0 0 0 o f each kind w ill be req u ired fo r -distribution
th ro u g h o u t th e P rovince. M r. Sad eq u r R ah m an , A .P.O , Sh ow ed the
m a n u sc rip t to the H .M . w h o has k ind ly ap p rov ed th e co n ten ts and
h a s a ls o ad d ed the cap tio n " ” in the th ird poster. P.D.
b ra n ch m a y n ow take action quickly.
S d / Ille g ib le
29 February, 1952
N u m b e r o f P osters allo tted for d istribu tion :
1. D acca 20,000
2. M ym en sin g h 2 0,000
3. B p g ra 4 ,000
4. R an gp u r 10,000
5. D in a jp u r 10,000
6. Pabna 6,000
7. R a js h a h i 1O;0OO...
8. ' F a rid p u r 10,600
9. K u s t ia 6,000
40' Jesso re ' < 0 0 ,0 0 0
I 1- K h u ln a 10,000
12. ‘ T ip p e r a •10,000
13. N o a k h a li 6 ,0 0 0
14. C h itta g o n g 10,000
15. B a r is a l 10,000
16. S y lh e t 10,000 + 4 0 0 0 (2 ).
T h e u n d e rsig n ed is d ire cted to sen d fo rth w ith , per sp ecial

m e ssen g er ... co p ies o f a poster (s) prep ared in co n n ectio n w ith the
recent d istu rb ances and to request th at im m ediate arran g em en ts may
k in d ly b e m ad e fo r th e ir'd isp la y in all co n sp icu o u s p laces in the
d istrict and su b-d iv ision al tow ns as w ell as big b az a rs o f his district
w ith the h elp o f p u blicity staff o f h is district.
A ssistan t C om m issioner
1 M arch, 1952.
P rin tin g and D istribu tion of P osters on R ecent D istu rb an ces in Dacca
in F eb ru ary , 1952. G overn m ent o f E ast Bengal, B -P roceed in gs, Public
R e la tio n D e p a rtm e n t (P & D ), B u n d le N o. 3, Ja n u a r y , 1953,
P roceed ings N o. 605-610.
^ ^ *1 ijf a w t csm
P ress R elease A bout the F irin g of 21 F ebru ary, 1952

W ith the best co m p lim en ts o f the D irector o f P u b licity ,
E ast Bengal, Eden B uild ings, D acca, M arch 2 4 , 1952.
Press N ote
T ru e Facts
G o v ern m e n t's atten tio n bas b een d raw n to the ru m o u rs w hich are
still b ein g spread by d esigning p erso n s about the n u m b er o f persons
k illed d u rin g the recen t d istu rb an ces and the w ay th e dead bod ies
w ere d isp osed of. Som e rum ours p lace the figure o f the dead at m ore
th an 150, m o st o f w hom are alleg ed to be stu d en ts in clu d in g m any
g irls. It is fu rth er alleg ed that th e b o d ie s w ere b u rn t by petrol.
T h ese ru m o u rs are sp read not o nly by m ou th-to m o u th propaganda
b u t also p la ca rd s etc. T h is sh o w s th at m isch ie f-m o n g e rs are still
a ssid u o u sly trying to in flam e p u b lic o p in io n and crea te w ide-spread
d isa ffe c tio n . T h a t th o se ru m o u rs a re p alp ab ly fa lse w ill ap p ear
fro m th e fo llo w in g p a rtic u la rs w h ich h av e b een c o lle c te d a fter
ca re fu l e n q u ires and are p u blish ed for p u blic in fo rm atio n . It w ill be
fo u n d th a t only four person s died as a result o f bu llet in ju ries d uring
the tw o d ay s of the d istu rb ances and o f them only one w as a student.
The d e a d b o d ies w ere b u rie d w ith d u e relig iou s rites. T h e fu n eral
p ra y e rs w ere cond u cted by a h afiz and w ere attend ed b y relations of
the d e c e a s e d w h e re v e r a v a ila b le . A F irst C la ss M a g istra te w as
also p r e s e n t to su p ervise the arrangem ents on each occasion.
P A R T IC U L A R S
1.
D a te a n d place
of F irin g 21.2.52 n ear at M ed ical C ollege
H o sp ita l, D acca
N a m e o f deceased A b d u l Barkat.
w ith fa th e r ’s n am e S/ O Sham su d din
Age 25
P ro fe ssio n Stu d en t
A d d re ss B abla, P.O . B h aratp u r,
M u rsh id ab ad .
C / O M r. A. M alik.
A ssistan t A ccounts O fficer.
A .G .E .B
C a u s e o f d eath B u llet injury
R e la tio n s atten d in g M r. A. K asem , Dy. Secy. L.S.G
fu n e ra l D e p tt.
M r. A. M alik, A ssistan t A ccoun ts
O fficer, A .G .E .B .
D r. H abibu d d in A hm ed and m any
m ale and fem ale relatives.
M a u la n a co n d u ctin g ja n a za
P ra y e rs H afiz M au lana A bd u l G h afu r
M a g is tra te su p erv isin g
a rra n g e m e n ts M r. M u ham m ad Y usuf M agistrate,
1st C lass.
2.
D ate & P la c e o f firing 21.2.52. Babu Lane
N a m e o f d eceased
w ith h is fa th e r's n am e R a fiu d d in
S / O A. L atif
trb «rar
Age 25
P rofession A ssiste d h is fa th e r in running a
printing press
A d d ress 29, A k m atkhan L a n e, D acca
V ill. A d dress.
V ill. P aril, P .O . B u a lth a n a
P.S. Sin gair, D acca.
C au se o f d eath : B u llet injury
R ela tio n s atten d in g funeral : N o n e a v a ila b le
M aulana conducting
Ja n a z a p ray ers : H afiz M aulana A b d u l Ghafur
M a g istra te Su p erv isin g
arran g em en ts : M r. M uham m ad Y u su f
M ag istrate, 1st C la ss.
3.
D ate & P lace o f firing 21.2.52. Babu L ane.
N am e o f deceased
w ith fa th e rs N am e : A bd u l Jabbar
S / O H ashim A li
A lies G o tar Bap
Age 30
P ro fessio n P etty Shop K e ep e r
A d d ress V illa g e -P a n c h o r a ,
P.O .. G offergaon
D ist. M ym ensin gh
C a u se o f death B u llet injury
R ela tio n s atten d in g funeral N o n e a v ailab le
M aulana conducting
Ja n a z a p ray ers H afiz M aulana A b d u l Ghafur
M a g istra te su p erv isin g
a rran g em en ts Mr. M uham m ad Y u suf
M ag istrate, 1st cla ss
4.
D ate & P lace o f Firing 22.2.52. N o w abp u r Road
N am e o f d eceased
w ith F a th e r's nam e S h a fiq u r R a h am a n
S/ O M ah bubu r R ah am an
Age 20
Profession E m ployee, D acca H igh C ou rt
A d d ress 6, R agh u n ath D as L an e, D acca
C a u se o f d ea th B u llet injury
R e la tio n s a tten d in g fu neral F ath er & R elatio n s
M au lan a cond u ctin g

Ja n a z a P ra y e rs H afiz M au lana A bd u l G h afu r
M a g is tra te su p erv isin g
arra n g em e n ts M r. O b a id u lla h
M ag istrate, 1st C lass
T h e fo llo w in g tw o p erso n s w ere at first m istak en ly tak en to h ave

d ied as a re su lt o f th e d istu rb a n c e s b u t s u b se q u e n t e n q u irie s
esta b lish e d the fact th at th eir d eaths w ere d ue to m o to r accid en ts :
5.
D ate & P la c e 22/2.52 N o w abp u r R oad, D acca.
N a m e o f d eceased w ith
fa th e r 's n a m e W a h id u ll a h
S/O H abibu r R ahm an
Age 40
P ro fessio n Son o f a m ason
A d d ress 152, L u tfu r R ahm an Lane, D acca
C a u s e o f d eath M otor A ccident
R e la tio n s atten d in g fu n eral N o n e a v a ila b le
M au lan a cond u cting
Ja n a z a P ra y e rs H afiz M au lana A bd u l G h afu r
M a g istra te su p erv isin g
a rra n g em e n t . M r. O b a id u lla h
M ag istrate, 1st C lass
6.
D ate & P lace 22.2.52 N o w abp u r Road, D acca.
N a m e o f d eceased w ith
fa th e r 's n am e A bd u l A w al
S/ O M d. H ashim
Age 26
P ro fessio n R ick sh aw p u ller
A d d ress 19 H a fiz u lla h L an e,
M a u lv i B azar, D acca.
'5 R T Iffe ie i^ r a
C au se o f death B ullet injury

R ela tio n s attending funeral N o n e a v a ila b le
M aulana conducting
Ja n a z a Prayers H afiz M aulana A b d u l G h afu r
M a g istra te su p ervisin g
arran g em en t M r. O b a id u lla h
M ag istrate, 1st C la ss
A /1SH K
No. 230 Pub.
G o v ern m e n t o f E ast B en g al, B -P ro c eed in g s, B a n g la d e s h N a tio n a l

A r c h iv e s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, P u b lic ity B r a n c h , M a rch , 1 952,
P ro ceed in g s No. 123; Police D ep artm en t, H om e B ra n ch , B u n d le N o.
124, N ovem ber, 1952, Progs No. 317-18.
i(=i<n9f3i tr ÎTI : so
•^ r t ?
P ro c e e d in g s o f th e M ee tin g o f th e P ro fe s s o r's B o a rd , B ra ja la l
C o lle g e , D aulatpu r, K hulna.
T h is m eetin g o f the P ro fe s s o r’s B oard o f B ra ja la l C o lle g e ,
D a u la tu p r, K hu lna, is o f o p in io n that B engali s h o u ld be o n e o f the
State L angu age o f Pakistan. T h is statu s is rightly d em an d s o w in g to
th e fa c t that it is th e M o th e r to n g u e o f th e m a jo rity o f the
p o p u la tio n of P ak istan and is on e o f the rich e s t la n g u a g es o f the
w orld .
F u rth er this m eeting strong ly co n d em ns the co w ard ly atro cities
co m m itted by the P olice on stu d en ts w ith ou t a n y m o ra l an d legal
g ro u n d . T h is m eetin g also h o ld s th at the P ro fe s so r, stu d en ts and
m e m b ers of the p u blic w ho h av e b een arrested in th is co n n ectio n
sh o u ld b e im m ed iately be released .
T h is m eeting e x p resses the d ee p est a n x ie tie s fo r th e in ju red
and w is h e s th e ir sp eed y reco v ery . It a ls o ex p resses its
h e a rtie st sy m p ath y fo r the re la tiv e s o f the v ic tim s of the b ru ta l
P o lice firin g and m o st fervently p rays for the p e a ce o f the d ep arted
souls.
5T3T •01K'*TI<nW<l
C op y t o :
1. T h e C h ief M in ister, E a st B eng al, D acca.
2. V ice-C h a n cello r, D acca U n iv ersity , D acca.
3. E d ito r, T h e A zad P atrika, D acca.
4. E d ito r, Saty aju g , C alcu tta.
(T h e G overn m ent received the m em oranda on 20 M arch , 1952.)
D ep u ty Secretary w ro te on 20 M arch, 1952 that : "I am directed
to sa y that G o vern m en t take a serio u s view of the resolu tio n passed
u n d er para 2 thereof. T he rem ark as m ad e in the first sen ten ce o f the
re so lu tio n is hig hly o b jectio n ab le and u nw arranted . It is requested
th a t G o v e rn m e n t's d isa p p ro v a l o f su ch re m a rk m a y p le a se b e
co n v e y e d to Professors' Board.
1 .5 .1 9 5 2
C .S . (C h ie f S e cre ta ry ) m ay see the re so lu tio n s p assed a t the
m e e tin g o f the P ro fe sso rs’ B oard o f B rajalal C o lle g e , D au latp u r.
T h e secon d resolu tio n "C ow ard ly atrocities com m itted by the Police
o n stu d en ts w ithou t any m o ral and legal ground" co n d em n in g the
P o lic e firin g is u n w arran ted . A s regard s the a ctio n to b e ta k en , I
c o n sid e r that the D .M . sh o u ld be asked to convey the G o v ern m en t’s
d is a p p ro v a l o f su ch u n w a rra n ted rem ark , as su g g e ste d by the
E d u c a tio n D ep a rtm en t. In ad d itio n to that I c o n s id e r th at the
q u estio n o f w ithd raw in g the G o vern m en t grant should b e exam ined
a n d an e n q u iry in to lo y a ltie s o f le ad in g in stig a to rs am o n g the
P ro fe sso r b e m ade by the D istrict M agistrate, K hulna.
14 .9 .1 9 5 2
In an E m erg en t m e e tin g o f th e P ro fe sso rs' B oard , h eld on
14.9.1952 u nd er the P resid en cy of the Principal Dr. M . E. H uq, M .A .
P h .D ., E .P .C .S., the C on fid en tial M em o. N o. 1643/C , dated 9.9.1952
o f the D istrict M a g istra te K h u ln a, w ith the en clo su re, co n ta in in g
th e p ro ceed in g s of a p re v io u s m eetin g o f the P ro fesso rs' B o ard ,
B rajalal C o lleg e, D au latp u r, K hu lna, w as discussed and an enquiry
in to the said p roceed ings w as m ade, neither the p roceed in gs o f that
m eetin g w ere traceab le in the P ro ceed in g s Book o f the P ro fesso r's
B o a rd , n o r an y o f th e m em b ers o f the s ta ff p resen t in to -d a y ’s
(1 4 .9 .1952) m eeting cou ld say anything definite about the m eetin g in
qu estio n o r its p ro ceed in g s. It seem ed that if any m eetin g of that
3 —
So '5T3T trl?|ei'!,r a
n a tu re w as ever held , it w as sp u rio u s and its p ro ceed in gs too w ere

not genuine.
In th e circ u m sta n ce s, th e P ro fe sso rs’ B oard o f th is C o lle g e
re so lv e s th at the so -called re so lu tio n forw ard ed b y the D istrict
M a g istrate, K hu lna, to the P rincip al, be disavow ed and th at h e be
in form ed that the Board is entirely on e w ith the G o v ern m en t in its
d isa p p ro v al o f the u nrecord ed resolu tio n o f the sp u rio u s m eetin g ,
w hich d id n ot reflect the opinion o f the p resen t Board.
It is fu rth er resolved that a co p y o f this re so lu tio n o v er the
sig n a tu re o f the P resid ent and Secretary o f the P rofessors' Board b e
s e n t to th e D is tric t M a g is tra te , K h u ln a , fo r fa v o u r o f h is
in fo rm atio n .
No. 2 3 2 , dated 15.9.1952

C opy forw ard ed to D istrict M ag istrate, K hu lna, in referen ce to h is
the C on fid en tial M em o. N o. 1643/C , dated 9.9.1952 for fav ou r of his
in fo rm atio n .
Sd. M . E. H uq
P rin cip a l, B rajalal C o lleg e
15.9.1952
M em o N O . 1691, dated 17.9.1952

C opy forw ard ed to the D eputy Secretary to the G o vern m en t o f East
B en g al, E d u catio n & R eg istratio n , D ep artm en t, E d u ca tio n B ran ch
for in fo rm atio n w ith reference to h is N o. 2741 /Edn. d ated 5.9.1952.
A .Q . A n sari
D istric t M a g istra te, K hu lna
G o v ern m e n t o f East B engal, B -P r o c e e d in g s , B a n g la d esh N a tio n a l

A r c h iv e s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, H om e B ran ch , B u n d le N o . 7 4 ,
April, 1952, Bundle N o. 92, Proceedings N o. 1472.
To
T h e P rem ier to the G overnm ent o f East Pakistan
T h ro u g h th e C h ief Secretary to th e G o v ern m en t o f E ast P a k ista n ,
D a cca .,
I )ated , th e 27th o f F ebru ary, 1952
I lo n 'b le S ir,
It is w ith a high sen se of regard s and reverence for y ou r honou r I beg

m ost re s p e c tfu lly to su b m it th at w e learn w ith g re a t regret th at
there h a v e been an ti G o v ern m en t d em o n stration s in D acca over the
State L a n g u ag e q u estio n o f Pakistan, and that the w orks of ou r m ost
v e n e ra b le le a d e r Q u a id -e -A z a m , the fa th er o f P a k ista n an d the
lib e r a to r o f th e H u m a n ity , se ttlin g the q u e stio n o f the S ta te
L a n g u a g e o f P ak istan o n ce for all h a v e not b een listen ed to by the
stu d en t co m m u n ity o f D acca b ein g ex cited b y a g ro u p o f p eop le
p r a c tic a lly h o s tile to P a k is ta n an d th e Is la m ic c u ltu r e an d
co n c e p tio n o f the so lid arity o f the Islam ic w orld.
B e n g a li h as o n ly a claim to b e the p ro v in cial lan g u ag e o f E ast
P a k is ta n (E a st B e n g a l) e x a c tly as P u n ja b i, S n id e , B elu ch i, an d
P osth u h a v e th e cla im s to be p ro v in cial lan g u a g es o f the (W est)
P u n ja b , S in d th e B e lu c h ista n and th e N o rth W estern F ro n tie r
P ro v in c e re s p e c tiv e ly . It is a ll fa ir an d d e m o c ra tic th a t E a st
P a k ista n sh o u ld o b ey the w o rd s o f Q u a id -e -A z a m , the fa th er o f
P a k istan , ex actly as the W est Punjab, Sind and B elu ch istan , and the
N o rth W estern F ro n tier P ro vin ces h av e done on the qu estion o f the
S ta te la n g u a g e.
W e a re afraid that in the presen t m o v em en t for the assertion of
B en g ali's claim to the State lang u ag e m ay in fu tu re brin g in its train
s im ila r m o v e m e n ts in o th e r p ro v in ce s o f P ak ista n m u ch to the
p re ju d ice o f the in teg rity o f P akistan and to im m en se future troubles
to th e P ak istan G overn m en t.
A g a in th e ag itato rs in qu estion, w e are afraid , have a d istorted
and fa lse no tion o f d em o cracy - the no tion m o re com m u n istic than
d e m o c ra tic, w eig h ed in the b alan ce o f d em o cracy accep ted by the
p re sen t-d a y w orld the self-seek in g co m m ittee poking the stu d en t for
a g ita tio n in q u estio n m ay be held m ore resp o n sib le for the p resen t
u n h a p p y in c id e n t in D acca than th e stu d e n ts th em selv es - the
stu d en ts that are ev er raw in practical p olitics o f the w orld.
T h e a ttem p t for th e asse rtio n o f the claim o f B en gali as the
S ta te la n g u a g e b y the ag itato rs in q u estio n m ay have in it, w e are
a fra id , th e g erm s for th e fu tu re u n ifica tio n o f E ast B en g al b ein g
eith e r o n ce the d ream o f H .S. S h u rw a rd y and S a ra t B o se or
anything m ore serious than that to the prejud ice of ou r freed o m and
of m uch o f our d ear :Pakistan (East and W est). .
T h e G o v ern m en t is certain ly fully aw are of all th ese and such
im plication s of the ag itatio n in qu estio n , but w e d o w rite these w ith
a view to b rin g hom e to the G o v ern m en t the sta te o f ou r p u b lic
opinion in the m ofussil.
W e fu lly b eliev e at the sam e tim e that the G o v ern m en t h ave
certain ly g iven th o u g h ts o v er th e qu estio n if the esp io n a g e from
.outsid e P akistan h as any h and o v er the present sort of ag itatio n in
D acca.
I h o p e the G overnm ent w ill very kindly excu se m e for m y taking
som e o f their p reciou s tim e in th eir p eru sal etc. o f th is as I w rite
this in token my u tm ost sincerity and as my ideas of m y duty to the
G overnm ent and m y dear country.
I h av e the ho n ou r to be
S ir
Y ou r honour's m ost loyal
an d faith fu l servant
M u ham m ad A bdus Salam Sikd ar
i. A ssistant H ead m aster and platoon C om m an d er
ii. T h e Secretary the A m danga Y oungm en's A ssociation
iii. O nce the Secretary o f the Jessore
M uslim Stu d ents A ssociation and
iv. O nce the V ice-P resid en t of the
A ll-T u ru f A nira E d ucational
A sso ciatio n d uring the British rule
o f P a k -B h a ra t
P.S. I am the A ssistan t H ead m aster an d also the Sen io r teach er of

B engali along w ith E n g lish and H isto ry of the H igh School.
A d d re s s :
V ill-A m d a n g a
P .O . K am tara
P.S. Loh agora
Dist. Jesso re
G o v ern m en t o f East B en g al, B -P ro c eed in g s, B a n g la d esh N a tio n a l
A rc h iv e s, P o litica l D ep a rtm en t, P o litica l B ran ch , O cto b er, 1952,
Proceed ings N o. 230.
’ lHI WptTlelHS niffiel^ra
vtflRstn gftEtf«P5 'ailChMMd >TMr¥4<I?,*ifovm

31<W>R^<1 UWT J j3 effoOH Il
G o v ern m en t of W est Bengal

H o m e D ep artm en t, Political
C o m m o n w ealth R elations Sectio n s
I m m : S ri N .N . C h a tte rje e I.C.S.

I teputy Secretary to the G o v ern m en t o f W est Bengal
lo : The D eputy Secretary to the G overnm ent o f W est Bengal

I lom e (P o litica l) D ep artm en t, D acca, P akistan
N o. 1745-C R , D ated , C alcu tta, th e 18th M arch , 1952.
Su b ject : O b je c tio n a b le p ro p ag an d a ag ain st In d ia by the M orn in g

N ew s, an E n glish D aily o f D acca
S ir ,
I a m d ire c te d to re fe r to the n ew s item en title d "C a lcu tta
stu d en ts w an t B en g ali as State L an gu age o f P akistan " p u b lish ed in
th e M o rn in g N e w s in its issu e of the 6th M arch , 1952. O n prom pt
en q u iries bein g m a d e it w as found that on the 3rd M arch , 1952 about
20 stu d en ts in clu d in g o ne M uslim girl student w aited on the D eputy
H igh C o m m issio n e r fo r P akistan in Ind ia at h is o ffice in C alcu tta
an d h an d ed o v er to h im a m em o ran d u m ad d ressed to the H on 'ble
C h ie f M in is te r, E a st B en g a l. It is n o t a fa ct th at th e g ro u p of
stu d e n ts "d e m o n s tra tin g w ild ly fo rced its e lf in to th e o ffic e o f
P a k istan D ep u ty H igh C o m m issio n e r at C alcu tta ". It is sign ifican t
that th e D ep u ty H igh C o m m issio n e r h im self n ev er co m p lain ed of
any ro w d in ess o r v iolence on the p a rt of these stud en ts. T he incident
w as o n ly an o u tco m e o f y o u th fu l id ealism w ith o u t the slig h test
su g g estio n o f im p o liten ess o r row d in ess abou t it. Th e m em orandum
urged upon the G overnm ent o f East Bengal t o :
a. R elease the arrested persons;

b. R e-o p en th e U n iversity ;
c. H o ld p u b lic en q u iry in to th e firin g and p u n ish the o fficers
resp o n sib le for th e firing;
d. T o reco gn ise Bengali as one o f the sta te languages.
T h e d e p u ta tio n is ts m u st h a v e g o t th e ir cu e from flo o d of
sp eech es, resolu tio n s, statem en ts and w ritin g s in the press and on
the p latfo rm in P a k ista n over this sam e issue.
oW '4YIC,*TI«1M<J Mp|ir1Vf3
T h e m em orand u m n o w h e re m e n tio n s "v a lia n t fig h te rs fo r

o u r m o th e r ton gu e" b u t the a c tu a l la n g u a g e u se d is : "T h e
h e ro ic s tu d e n ts o f P a k ista n have d e m o n s tra te d th e ir d eep
p a trio tism and love fo r th e ir m o th e r to n g u e , B e n g a li". T h e
d elib e ra te tw istin g o f the la n g u a g e o f th e m e m o ra n d u m h a s a
palpably sinister purpose. Again the conclu din g sen ten ce o f the n ew s
item , w h ich runs as "W est B en g al - as o th er B h a ra ti S ta te s .... it
m ay b e recalled , has accep ted H in d i and not B en g a li as th e sta te
language o f Bharat" - purveys o n ly an incom p lete and in co rrect and
th e re fo re e x tre m e ly m is -le a d in g in fo rm a tio n in th e re le v a n t
context. It is clear as daylight th at th is sim p le in cid en t o ccu rrin g in
an im m en sely large city like C alcu tta h as been seized upon, tw isted
and em b ellish e d by the M o rn in g N ew s in o rd er to illu stra te the
fan tastic th eo ry held in certain q u a rte rs in E a s t B e n g a l th at the
a g ita tio n o v er th e state lan g u ag e issu e in E ast B en g a l h a s b een
inspired by H ind us from C alcutta. T h e G o vern m en t o f W est B en gal
record their em phatic protest ag ain st this u nscru p u lou s prop agan d a
by the M o rn in g N ew s and request the G overnm en t o f E a st Bengal to
take e ffe c tiv e step s to m ake this n ew sp a p er feel th e n ecessity of
putting a sto p to the ceaseless calu m niation of India an d the H indus
over a m a tter w hich con cerns P akistan and h er p eop le alon e. T he
G o v ern m en t o f W est Bengal w ill b e g lad to b e in fo rm ed that th is
reason ab le re q u e st they m ake fo r the m ain ten a n ce o f p ea ce and
am ity b etw ee n the two cou n tries and the tw o co m m u n itie s in E ast
B engal has received due consid eration from the G o v ern m en t o f East
B en g al.
Sd. N .N . C h a tte rjee
D eputy Secretary to the G overnm en t o f W est Bengal
G o v ern m e n t o f East Bengal, B -P r o c e e d in g s , B a n g la d esh N a tio n a l

A rch iv es, H om e D epartm ent, P olitical B ran ch (C .R .), B u n d le N o. 8,
M arch, 1953, Proceedings No. 703-709.
From : Mr. I. A. Khan, D eputy Secretary to the G o v ern m en t of East

B e n g a l.
To: T h e D ep u ty Secretary to the G o v ern m en t o f W est Bengal,

H om e (Political) D ep artm en t, C alcu tta.
W p M ' 5T 3
I >iitt* : 25 S ep tem b er, 1952.

S u b ject: S ta te L an g u ag e C o n tro v ersy in E a st B en g a l : A lleg ed
P ro p agan d a again st India and H indus in E ast Bengal.
Si r ,
1 a m d ire cte d to refer y o u r le tte r N o. 1746-C R ., d a ted the 18th
M arch, 1952 on the above su b ject and to say that th is G o v ern m en t
have g iv en ca re fu l co n sid eratio n to its co n ten ts. E x cep tio n a p p ears
to h av e b e e n tak en to an alleged p ro p ag an d a ag ain st In d ia an d the
H in d u s o f E a st B en g a l, im m e d ia te ly fo llo w in g th e la n g u a g e
co n tro v e rsy . In this co n n e ctio n I am to say that th is G o v ern m en t
w ere co n v in ce d th at a se c tio n o f n o n -M u slim s, w h o h ad eith e r
p e rm a n en tly sh ifted to W est Bengal or had rem ov ed their a ssets to
In d ia a n d h ad b een o p en ly a d v o ca tin g th e th eo ry o f 'A k h an d
B h a r a t', w ere s e c r e tly e n g a g e d , in c o lla b o r a tio n w ith so m e
p o litic a l o p p o rtu n ists o f the P ro v in ce , to ca u se d isru p tio n and
d isu n ity in E ast B engal u nder the co v er o f the language m ovem ent.
U n fo rtu n a te ly th e ap p aren t, in n o cen t and le g itim a te ag ita tio n in
fav o u r o f B en g ali w as in actu al fact m eant to be a d ev ice to clo ak a
d e term in ed a ttem p t to o v erth ro w the G o v ern m en t by force and to
crea te co m m o tio n throughout the p ro vin ce w ith the object of dealing
a b lo w at the v ery secu rity o f P ak istan . T h is G o v ern m e n t w ere
sa tisfie d on a th orou gh en q u iry that co m m u n ists and oth er foreign
a g en ts an d p o litical m al-con ten ts had con sp ired to su bv ert the state
from w ithin . In form ation from variou s sources a t the d isp osal of this
G o v e rn m e n t in d ic a te th a t th o se to w h o m th e v ery co n c e p t of
P a k ista n w'as an an ath em a h ad jo in ed h an d s w ith certain p o litical
o p p o rtu n ists w ith in the co u n try in an a tte m p t to cre a te d iso rd er
w ith in th e P ro v in ce. T his has been p u b licly stated b y the H on'ble
P rim e M in iste r o f East B en g al in h is sp eech d eliv e red in the E ast
B en g al L eg isla tiv e A ssem bly in M arch last.
2. As re g a rd s th e sp e e c h e s d e liv e re d by M r. D oh a at
N a ra y a n g a n j an d M y m en sin g h , I am d ire cted to sa y that, w h ile
a d d ressin g the A nsars, h e m erely e x h o rte d them to d isch arge th eir
d u tie s faith fu lly and to b e p articu larly careful abou t the en em ies of
th e s ta te . T h is G o v ern m en t a re s a tis fie d th at he d id n o t lead a
ca m p a ig n ag ain st the H indus o f Ind ia nor did h e vilify the m inority
co m m u n ity h ere o r incite the A n sars again st them . H is speeches did
not ca u se any alarm to th e m em bers of th e m inority com m u n ity nor
-o P lI
h av e th ey u p se t the H in d u s in an y w ay . W h ile c r itic isin g the

en em ies o f this p ro v in ce, M r. D oha m ad e p ointed referen ce to the
p ro v isio n o f th e D elhi P act and reassu red the H in d u s that th is
G o v ern m en t w ould con tin u e to h o n ou r the D elhi P act as they have
alw ays don e. It is not correct that M r. D oha d escribed the returning
H indus as enem ies o f the state or said that D r. P.C. C h ak rab o rty of
the D acca U n iversity did not hav e a stak e in this P rovin ce. He did
not ask the A n sars to m aintain a re g iste r o f persons w h o left East
Bengal bu t hav e since co m e back. H e, h o w ev er, asked the A nsars to
w atch the p erso n s w ho roam about in E ast Bengal, h avin g n o stakes
w h a tso ev er in th is cou n try nor any b u sin e ss in terest or relatio n s
here. It w ill th u s ap p e ar that the in fo rm atio n at the d isp o sa l of
the G o v ern m en t of W est Bengal regard in g the speeches o f Mr. D oha
is not based on correct reports.
3. T h is G o v e rn m e n t e m p h a tic a lly re fu te th e a lle g a tio n

con tained in para 4 o f you r letter u nd er reference that th e H indus in
East B en g al h a v e not even the co u rage to p rotest again st the w rong
don e to th em . H ind u s liv in g in E ast B en g a l are a b so lu te ly on a
footing o f eq u ality w ith the rest o f the p o p u latio n and en joy fully
the liberty to exp ress their ow n op inion as freely as oth ers can. This
w ill be ev id en t from the fact that they h av e their ow n grou p s and
p olitical p arties here. T he story of the H in d u s jo in in g an attack on
the P olice and the A nsars at N arayanganj is certainly a fact and not
a clev er in v e n tio n to stop the retu rn o f th e H indu m ig ran ts. T h e
H in d us o f E ast B engal h av e never tak en to w earin g M u slim d ress
through fear, as stated in paragraph 7 o f y o u r letter u nd er reference.
It is, h o w e v e r, a fact th at H ind us d etected in tak in g p a rt in the
agitation p articu larly at N aray an ganj w ere found w earin g M uslim
dress.
U nd er the circu m stan ces, stated ab o v e, this gov ern m en t do not
con sid er that any action is called fo r on the sp eeches d eliv ered by
Mr. D oha at N arayanganj and M ym ensingh.
D eputy Secretary to the G o vern m en t of East Bengal.
G o v ern m e n t o f East B en g al, B -P r o c e e d in g s , B an g lad esh N atio n al

A rc h iv e s, H o m e, P o litic a l (C .R .), B u n d le N o. 11, M a rch , 1953,
im •SIIWISRSRI
M in istry of F o re ig n A ffairs & C om m on w ealth R elation s

G o v ern m en t of Pakistan
D .O. NO. 3/13/M IN /54

C a m p -D a c c a . D ated , the 29th A p ril, 1955
My D ear D e,
P le a s e re fe r to your d e m i-o ffic ia l le tte r N o. EA /CA L/

P R E S S / 1 (1 6 )5 2 , d a te d th e 9 th F e b ru a ry , 1955 to M r. M a so o d ,
re g a rd in g an a lle g e d o b je c tio n a b le ed ito rial h ead ed "W h o H as a
H and B eh in d T h is S h o w ? " p u b lish ed in the P ash b an o f the 27th
Febru ary, 1952.
2. T h e p u b licatio n o b jected to by you has been exam in ed . It w ill

be o b serv ed from th e p u b lica tio n s in the M ilap and Tej th at these
p a p ers p u b lish e d r e p o r ts o f the d istu rb a n ces in D acca o v er the
lan g u ag e issu e u n d e r p ro m in e n t h ead lin es w ith a view to m ak e it
ap p ear to th e ir re a d e rs th a t the G o v ern m en t o f E ast B en g al w ere
o p p r e s s in g o n th e D a c c a s tu d e n ts a n d th u s to lo w e r th a t
G o v ern m en ts' p re stig e in p u b lic estim atio n . T h e p u b lica tio n in the
P a sh b an is s u b s ta n tia lly b a se d on th ese fan tastic p u b lica tio n s. If
y o u p le a s e re v ie w th e p u b lic a tio n in th e lig h t o f th e a b o v e
o b serv atio n s you w ill n o t, I h ope, find it objectionable. In the context
o f the abo v e w e can n o t b u t en d o rse the view s o f the G o v ern m en t of
E ast B en g al as e x p re sse d in th e ir le tter N o. 8 4 8 2 -O C o m rel, d ated
12.11.52 in the m atter.
Y o u rs Sincerely
Sd. S.A . N abi
M .N . D e
U nd er S ecretary to th e G o v ern m e n t of India
M in istry o f E xtern al A ffa irs
6 , E sp lan ad e East
C a lc u tta .
M r D oh a m a d e f u r t h e r c la r ific a tio n re g a rd in g th e sta te m e n t

ag ain st P .C . C h ak rab o rty in the follo w in g m an n er :
"T h e H in d u s referred to b y m e w ere certain ly in the m ov em en t w ith

the o b ject o f u n d o in g P a k ista n . I have cited these in sta n ces in m y
sp eech w h ich h as b ee n p u b lish ed in th e M o rn in g N ew s and M illat.
'S I I W e lF W W l s m 'T S
P a ra g ra p h 3 th e n am e o f Dr. P.C . C hak rabo rty is m en tio n ed . I

referred in m y speech to the w an d erin g Hindus w h o n eith er stay in
East B en g al n o r have any stake as persons to be w a tch ed . I never
said th a t D r. P.C. C h a k ra b o rty d id not h av e a s ta k e in E ast
P a k ista n . I ra th er p o in ted out that h e had a jo b in the D acca
U n iv ersity an d yet he w as h o ld ing a job sim u lta n e o u sly in the
M in istry o f D efence o f In d ia u nd er w hose in stru ctio n s the Bharati
arm ed fo r c e s stoo d c o n c e n tra te d o n our b o rd e r an d that Dr.
C h a k rab o rty le ft D acca w h en he had found that su sp icio n had been
roused a b o u t h is integrity and lo y alty . It w as th en su rp risin g that
h e had c o m e b ack in tim e b efo re th is language co n tro v ersy and
re jo in e d th e U n iv e r s ity . I w a s n o t th e n a w a r e th a t D r.
C h a k ra b o rty 's fam ily w as in D acca a t the tim e o f h is arrest but
a ilin g an d o ld w ives or w id o w ed m others or g ra n d -m o th e rs are
alw ays le ft in P akistan by d esignin g H indus to put up an appearance
o f th eir b e in g P akistan is. I am told that w hen D r. C h ak rab o rty
cam e b a c k recen tly from h is hom e or shelter in B h arat an d he had
b ro u g h t h is a ilin g w ife w ith h im . In any case th e p resen ce o f
his fam ily m ak es no difference to his achievem ents w h ich made it
p o ssib le fo r h im to hold re sp o n sib ility both u n d e r th e D efence
M in istry o f th e G o vern m en t of Ind ia as well as in the U niversity of
D acca. D r. C hak rabo rty is said to be " b y birth a P a k ista n i". M ost of
th e m is c h ie f-m o n g e r s in W e st B e n g a l co u ld th e n b e ca lled
P a k ista n is b y b irth , bu t w hat d iffe re n c e w ould th a t m ak e w hen
their d esign ed consp iracies are cau g ht in the open.
G o v e rn m e n t o f East B en g al, B -P ro ceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N ational
A rc h iv e s, H o m e D ep artm en t, P olitical Branch, (C .R .), B u n d le N o.
11, M arch, 1953, Proceedings No. 519-24.
Press Inform ation Bureau

G overnm ent o f India
M ilap (H y d erab ad ) o f 22,2.1952 p u b lish es the follo w in g :
S e rio u s D istu rb a n c e s in D acca. C u rfew Im p osed . T h e M ilitary

C a lled O u t. A ttack on M in isters. A M inister In ju red on the Head.
C la sh es B e tw e e n Stu d en ts and P ro cessio n s (sic). M o re T h a n Four
H u n d red S tu d en ts K illed o r Injured. Brutal Firing in D acca. Lathi-
•^PTT a n c**f| « 1 W < J
C h a rg e s also M ade. C o n d itio n o f E ig h t P ersons is Seriou s. Issu e of

U rd u -B en gali C o n tro v ersy A ssu m es D angerou s Form. Strong D em on
stration b y T h o u san d s of S tu d en ts. U se Tear Gas.
D a cca , 2 1 st F e b ru a ry . A n o th e r ad d itio n w as to -d ay m a d e to
the list o f b la ck d ee d s o f th e G o v ern m en t o f P akistan w h en P o lice
o p en ed fire on a crow d o f stu d en t d em onstrators in D acca. A s a result
of th is firing, one stu d e n t w as killed instantaneously and seventy
o th ers receiv ed bu llet in ju rie s, the co n d itio n o f eigh t b ein g stated to
b e serio u s. P o lice fired te n ro u n d s o f b u llets this aftern o o n in the
U n iv e rsity area in o rd e r to d isp erse stu d en t d em o n strato rs. M o re
than fou r hundred p e rso n s w h o had m inor inju ries or had been badly
in ju red b y tear gas re c e iv e d m e d ical aid in M ed ical C o lle g e and
o th e r h o sp ita ls. O u t o f th e s e fo u r h u n d re d p e rso n s, a b o u t fifty
s tu d e n ts h ad lath i in ju r ie s . S e v e ra l stu d e n ts is co n tin u in g . T h e
n u m b e r o f arrests h as n o t b e e n ascertain ed . T his d em o n stratio n by
the stu d en ts w as in co n n e ctio n w ith the d em and that B engali should
a lso b e g iv en the sta tu s o f an O fficial L an gu age in P akistan . T he
P ro v in c ia l L an g u ag e A c tio n C o m m ittee co n sistin g of all the p arties
h a d d ec id e d that a g e n e r a l strik e should be o b serv ed to -d ay, bu t
the G o v ern m e n t o f P a k ista n prevented the stu d en ts and the peop le
from exp ressing their o p in io n by im posing section 144 in the m orning.
T h e s tu d e n ts in b atch es o f ten each m ad e d em o n stratio n s. Sev eral
s tu d e n ts w ere arre ste d o n th e sp o t. W h en th e sittin g of th e E ast
B en g a l A sse m b ly c o m m e n c e d sh o rtly a fte r .th e d istu rb a n c e s, the
m e m b e rs o f the o p p o sitio n stro n g ly criticised the G o v ern m en t and
dem and ed fro m N u ru l A m in , the C h ie f M in iste r to g o and
p e rso n a lly see the b a rb a rity o f th e P olice. W h en N u ru l A m in rose
up a n d g iv e som e rep ly , M o u la n a A bd u r R ashid (M o u lan a A bd u r
R a sh id T a rk a b a g ish ?), a m e m b e r o f the M u slim L eag u e said that
the h o u se sh o u ld n o t liste n to th e statem en t of the C h ief M in ister
u n le s s h e p e rso n ally , su p e rv is e d the p la ce o f firin g. O n th is, the
S p e a k e r a d jo u rn ed th e H o u s e fo r 15 m in u te s. W h en the Ho.use
a sse m b le d ag ain , the m e m b e rs w alked o u t in protest. The m em bers,
w h o w alk ed ou t in clu d ed ( ...w .e .) m em bers o f the M u slim League.
A c co rd in g to fresh re p o rts, cu rfew ord er has been pro m u lg ated in
D acca. T h e m ilitary h as a ls o b een called ou t and it has b een given
v a st p o w e rs. T o -d a y th e c a r o f a M in iste r p ro ceed in g to w ard s
A ssem b ly w as stop p ed a n d attacked b y the students. T he car was
«rsr w w r r a
co m p letely d am aged . The M in ister receiv ed in ju ries o n h is head.

The P o lice used tear gas sev eral tim es. O n the ro a d o p p o site the
M ed ical C o lle g e the P olice and the stu d en ts sto o d in ro w s facing
each o th er on bo th sid es o f the road and pitched b a ttle took place
b etw een them . The stu d en ts freely u sed b rick b a ts, as a resu lt o f
w hich m an y P olicem en w ere injured. T h e Police la th i ch arged and
o p en fire se v e ra l tim es. B u lle ts h it in sid e the b a rra c k s o f the
stud ents situ ated inside the com pound o f the C ollege.
M ore Firing in D acca

Language R esolution A dopted b y A ssem bly
C itie s L ife at S ta n d s till
D acca, F eb 22. W hile stu d ents continu ed to d em o n strate today from

the n e ig h b o u rin g u n iv ersity areas, M r. N u ru l A m in , the E ast
P ak istan P re m ie r, bro u gh t a sp ecial m o tio n in th e E a st P akistan
A ssem bly - a m otion w hich w as u nanim ously ad opted - recom m en
ding to th e P akistan C o n stitu en t A ssem bly that B en g a li sh ou ld be
m ade one o f the State Languages.
E a rlie r in the d ay, the P o lice o p en e d fire an d m a d e lath i
ch arges to d isp erse d em o n strato rs. T ro o p s w ere ca lle d o u t in the
co u rse o f th e d ay and still-h elm eted so ld iers took up p o sitio n s in
som e p arts o f the city. A m ong the days incid ents w as th e b u rn in g of
the P ress o f a local new spaper. Today's d em onstrators also included
m em bers o f the public.
Big Procession :
A large p rocession, d efying Section 144 w ound its throu gh som e
of the stre e ts a fter o fferin g co n g reg atio n al p ray ers fo r th o se w ho
died y esterd ay w hen they w ere lathi charged in fro n t o f the H igh
C o u rt b u ild in g . F irin g and lath i ch a rg e s w here a ls o rep o rted to
have been m ad e at som e other places.
T h ree p erso n s, it is learn t, w ere b ro u g h t in d ead tod ay to the
D acca M ed ical C olleg e H osp ital, o f w hom tw o w ere said to have
su ffered b u llet w ound s. F orty-five inju red w ere in all ad m itted in
the sam e h o sp ital of w hom on e is stated to have died later.
W ith sh o p s, sch o o ls and co lleg es clo sed and v eh icu la r traffic
p r a c tic a lly at a s ta n d s till, n o rm a l life in the c ity rem a in ed
su spend ed . A sev en-hou r curfew beg in n in g from 10 ton igh t has also
Iteen en fo rced . M r. A .K . Sh am su d d in , a M u slim L eagu e M L A and
ed ito r o f a local B en g ali d aily , resigned today from the E ast Bengal
A ssem bly in p ro test at the "vand alism " ag ain st students.
The C o n v o catio n o f D acca U n iv ersity , w hich w as sch ed u led to
h a ve taken place on Su n d ay, has been postponed.
A P ress N o te issu ed b y the East P ak istan G o v ern m en t on the
d a y 's in c id e n ts s ta te s : "In th e m o rn in g to d a y th e situ a tio n
ap p eared to be tense and cro w d s g athered at sev eral p laces on the
Islam p u r and N aw ab p u r R oads. H oolig ans m ixed w ith the crow d s
in the try in g to tak e a d v a n ta g e of the situ a tio n w ith a view to
in d u lgin g in looting provid ed suitable op p ortu nity offered.
"T o g u ard a g a in st fu rth er, d e te rio ra tio n in the situ a tio n the
A rm y w as called in to assist the civil fo rc e in m aintain in g order.
"T he P rin tin g P ress o f the M orn ing N ew s w as set on fire by a
crow d . A large u n ru ly crow d co llected n ear C u rzo n H all and the
H igh C ou rt. A lathi charge w as m ade to b reak it up w hen it refused
to d isp erse.
"O n the N aw abp u r Road another u nruly o verp ow ered the Police
O fficer in -ch arg e o f a fo rce and tried to su rro u n d it. Sin ce it w ould
n o t d isp erse firin g w as resorted to in o rd er to d isp erse it. A lathi
ch a rg e w as m ad e in the U n iv ersity area on an unruly crow d w hich
h ad assem bled on the road and refused to disperse.
"In all 45 in ju red p e rso n s w ere ad m itted in to h o sp ital. Tw o
persons died.
"U n d er co n tro l"
By th e a ftern o o n the situ a tio n w as w ell u n d er co n tro l, bu t
n ev erth eless it w as thought ad visable to im p ose cu rfew from 10 a.m.
to night 5 p.m. tom orrow m orning."
A n o th er East Bengal G o vern m en t Press N ote (...ille g ib le )

Five p erso n s, inclu d in g a boy o f eig h t , died in fresh firing on
stu d en ts, break in g a ban on pro cession s in the city today. A bout 150
perso n s w ere treated in hospitals.
O n e person w as killed on the sp ot and tw o died in hospital as a
re s u lt o f y e ste rd a y 's firin g . T h is b rin g s fatal c a s u a ltie s in the
s tu d e n ts' d e m o n stra tio n s o v e r th e la n g u a g e co n tro v e rsy sin ce
y este rd a y to eight.
W hen th e p ress o f the M o rn in g N ew s, o w n e d b y K h w aja
N o o ru d d in , broth er-in -law o f K hw aja N azim u d d in, P rim e M in ister
o f P a k ista n , w as set a b la z e , fire -fig h te rs w ere p re v e n te d from
reach in g the sp o t. T he p ress w as v irtu ally gutted . T h e p a p e r had
th is m o rn in g carried re p o rts co n sid ered "u n sy m p a th e tic " to the
students' language m ovem ent.
The S tatesm an , 23 F ebru ary, 1952
T ran slatio n o f n ew s-item p u blish ed in Tej, d a ted F eb ru a ry 24,
1954.
"E ast B en gal puts forw ard the D em and for R eg io n al A u to n o m y."
M au lan a A bd u l M ajid 's (H am id?) Statem ent'
"L arg e-scale arrests after firin g in D acca. M an y L ea d e rs o f the
Jin n ah A w am i League go into H iding"
N ew D elh i : Febru ary 22, 1952. A cco rd in g to re p o rts reach in g
N ew D elhi, E ast B engal G o vern m en t has sen t m ore m ilita ry (force)
to D acca. It is believed that m ore than one stud ent d ied as a result of
P olice F irin g and that the P olice is now m aking la rg e sca le arrests.
M an y lead ers o f the stu d en ts and o f the Jin n ah A w a m i L eag u e,
fea rin g a rre sts, hav e run aw ay from the city . T h o se d em a n d in g
reco g n itio n o f B engali as a S ta te L an gu age along w ith U rd u , h ave
sid e by sid e w ith this m o v em en t, raised the d em an d for region al
au th o rity for E ast Bengal. In this connection , M aulana A bd u l M ajid
(H am id ?) B h ash an i, P resid en t o f the E ast P ak istan A w a m i L eague
o b serv ed in a statem en t that if the peop le of W est P a k ista n desired
the reco gn itio n of U rdu as a State Langu age, we (th e p eo p le o f East
B en gal) w ill not object to it, bu t the 4.5 crore peop le of E ast Pakistan
h av e also the right to dem and that their m oth er to n g u e sh ould also
b e a State Language.
"T h e p e o p le here n a tu ra lly feel that if a fo reig n L a n g u a g e is
forced u pon them this w ou ld give rise to a situ a tio n w h ich w ould
h in d e r their pro g ress. C itin g the ex am p les o f R u ssia , C a n a d a and
Sw itz erla n d , the M aulana rem arked that d esp ite th e re b ein g m ore
than on e State Language in those cou ntries, the (n atio n al) unity has
not su ffered at all.
"R ep e a tin g th e d e m a n d fo r re g io n a l a u th o r ity , M a u la n a
B h a sh a n i said th at th e C e n tra l G o v ern m e n t h a v e re d u ce d the
State G o vern m en ts to the position of M u n icip al C om m ittees.
" im i n u 'W H d
The P resid en t o f the A w am i L eagu e d em an d ed the P ak istan

liould s e c e d e fro m th e C o m m o n w e a lth b e c a u s e im p e ria lis tic
pow ers are the greatest en em ies o f the hopes and asp iratio n s of the
o ppressed n ation s. It has b een m entioned that w hen stu d en t staged
d em o n stratio n in the U n iv ersity co m p o u n d , P olice o p en ed fire at
lliem (in the co u rse o f w hich) 10 round s w ere fired. O n e person got
killed and 16 w ere ad m itted to the h o sp ital 8 of th em h ad b u llet
injuries. M o re than 400 p erso n s received m ed ical atten d an ce at the
M ed ical (C o lle g e ) H o sp ita l. P o lice a rre ste d m an y p e rso n s, b u t
co rrect fig u re s are not y et a v ailab le. T h is (d e m o n stra tio n ) took
place as a resu lt o f the d ecisio n o f the A ll-P arty C o n feren ce asking
for the o b serv ance o f one day general strik e on the L an gu age issue.
T he stu d en ts cam e out in b atch es o f ten in o rd er to d efy the ban
re strictin g the g a th e rin g s to fiv e p e rso n s. S tu d en ts g a th ered in
th o u sa n d s w h en th e P o lic e a rre ste d so m e b a tc h e s s ta g in g the
d em o n stration . T h e stu d en ts stopp ed all traffic, held up the ca r o f a
M in ister and d am aged it. Th e M in ister also su ffered m in o r injuries.
T he P olice used tear gas m any tim es and the d em o n stration s hurled
brickbats and stones at Police.
W ho H as a H and B eh in d th e Sh o w
P asban , a Urdu D aily from D acca
27 F ebru ary, 1952
E v e ry b o d y h a s co n d em n e d th e sad in cid e n t w h ich to o k p la ce

so m etim e p ast as a resu lt o f firin g on in n o cen t stu d en ts and has
sh o w n sy m p a th y w ith the re la tiv e s o f the d ecea se d . W e also
exp ressed our feelin g s in this connection and have exp lain ed that we
h a v e h e a r t-fe lt sy m p a th y w ith the stu d e n ts. But w e h a v e no
sy m p a th y th o se w ho p u rely fo r th e ir s e lf-in te r e s t an d a t the
in stig atio n o f fo reig n a g en ts co m p elled the in n o cen t an d sim ple-
m inded stu d en ts to b ecom e victim s o f the bullets. Do you know w ho
a re b eh in d the sad d eath o f the stu d en ts and the d istu rb a n ces in
this co n n ectio n . W ill you b elie v e that all this is the o u tcom e o f the
co n sp iracy hatched by a relentless n eighbou rin g country, w hich had
tried on sev e ra l o ccasio n s in the p ast to sh a k e th e fo u n d atio n of
P akistan and m ad e fru itless attem p ts for h er d estru ctio n ? W ill you
b e lie v e th at all the d e ta ils o f the D acca d istu rb a n ces h ad been
co m p leted in a d v a n ce b ey o n d th e b o rd er? W ill you b elie v e that
s im u lta n e o u sly w ith the o utbreak o f d istu rb an ces at D acca many
H ind us in C a lcu tta S tree ts were d iscu ssin g "the re v o lt in Dacca".
T h is is n o t th e all. You will be su rp rise d to know th at in its
b ro a d ca st th e D elh i R ad io ch a ra cte rise d D acca d istu rb an ces as
"rev o lt" a g a in s t the ce n tre . D oes n o t a ll this e v id en ce establish
that the stu d en ts w ere m ere paw ns in the D acca d isturb ances and
that the p o w e r that had its hand on their pu lse and w as instigating
them for fu lfillin g its own end w as som ew here else? T h ere are many
secrets h id d e n u nd er the root of the regrettable in cid en ts at Dacca.
By G od ’s g race the tim e w ill soon com e w hen we shall d escribe them
in full d etails to our readers. Then the readers w ill b e ab le to realise
the ex a ct situ a tio n and feel that w hat has happened at Dacca w as
n o t a m e re a c c id e n t, n o r had it an y re a l co n n e ctio n with the
lan gu age m o vem en t. In support of o u r op inion w e reprod uce below
o n ly a few h e a d lin e s from the In d ian N e w sp a p ers w hich w ill
en able you to g u ess w hose hand w as b eh in d the traged y of Dacca.
M ilap (H y d e ra b a d ) in its issue o f 22nd February pu blish ed on the
front p ag e a fo u r colum n headline stating :
M ore T h an 400 Stu d en ts Injured - Brutal Firing in D acca Urdu-
B engali D isp u te took a D angerous Turn
G reat D em onstration by Thousands of Students - Tear G as Used
Tej (D e lh i) m ad e a sta rtlin g re v ela tio n . In its issu e of 24th
Febru ary it p u blish ed a four-colum n h ead lin e stating :
E ast P akistan P resents D em and o f Provincial Independence
O th e r N e w s p a p e rs also h a v e p u b lish ed s im ila r and ev en
m o re a sto n ish in g rep o rts regard in g D acca d istu rb an ces. By going
th ro u g h th e se h ea d lin e s p u blish ed in th e In d ian N ew spapers it
a p p e a rs th a t th ey in fo rm ed in a d v a n ce of th e d e ta ils of the
d istu rb an ces an d they w ere sim ply w aitin g for the p ro p er time for
th eir p u b lica tio n .
G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast B en g al, B -P ro ceed in g s, B an g la d esh N ation al

A r c h iv e s , H o m e, P o litica l, C .R ., B u n d le N o. 11, F eb ru a ry , 1 953,
Extract from H ind ustan Standard

Mr. A .H .M .S. D oha, D irector G en eral of A nsars, East Bengal, in an
a d d ress to th e A n sars in M y m en sin g h , asked the A n sars to bo
v ig ila n t o f fin d in g o u t "the e n e m ie s". M r. D oh a said that th e
«m i 5j k -v m <:h <i
la n g u a g e c o n tro v e rsy h ad b e e n sp o n so re d b y fo re ig n a g en ts,

sp e cia lly o f In d ia, to d estroy P ak istan from w ithin . H e also asked
the A n sars to in terro g a te those p ersons "w ho freq u en tly traveled
b e tw e e n tw o B en g als" and hand o v er th em to P o lice if fou nd
suspicious.
A n aly sin g the cau ses of th e last d istu rb an ces, in this provin ce,
M r. D oha p o in ted out th at th e real cau se w as n o t the lan g u ag e
m o v em en t. It w as only a sid e issu e. T h e en e m ie s o f th e S ta te
ch a lk e d o u t a p la n and to o k the la n g u a g e co n tro v e rs y as an
o p p o rtu n e issu e and le ft no ston e u ntu rn ed to u tilise it to th eir
ow n in terest. It w as the activ ity of the fo reig n ag en ts b u t n ot of
any P a k is t a n i w h ic h w as s o le ly r e s p o n s ib le fo r th e
d istu rb a n c e s. G o v ern m e n t had su fficien t p ro o fs in th eir h an d to
p ro v e that foreign ag en t specially Indian agents had b een em ployed
to u nd o Pakistan.
H in d u stan S tan d ard , 13 M arch, 1952.
7R*lTt:
^TÎ 'Oik*n|cH snsfsr®
T o East Bengal A w am i M uslim League P resid ent and M em bers

M y D ear M au lan a B hasani Saheb,
Please consider m y suggestion below :

1. C ou nsel M od eration in U rdu-Bengali C ontroversy
P le a se co u n se l m o d era tio n and so lid a rity in th e U rd u -B e n g a li
co n tro v ersy w hich should never b e allow ed to d eg en erate into local
v ersu s M o h a jirs co n tro v ersy . D em and th e reco g n itio n o f P akistani
B en g ala b y all m eans but d o not decry U rd u as an alien language.
T h is had in ju red the feeling s of m any o f y ou r su pporters. U rd u was
n ev er an alien lan g u ag e in Pakistan. It is n o t an alien lan gu age even
in Bengal. Y ou r language is dem anding B engali sh o u ld .b e tem perate,
b alan ced and d ig n ified and not calcu lated to arouse p reju d ices and
passion s or h u rt the feelin g s of m illions o f the U rdu speaking people
w ho are ard en t su p p o rters o f y ou r d em o cratic d em an d s and your
party. In short d o not alienate the sy m p ath ies o f any o f y ou r friends
an d w e ll-w ish e rs a n d the U lem a and A ra b ic M a d ra sa h s. H arsh
and abusive language cuts n o ice.
tr—
2. D o n o t A llow Preaching o f P ro vincialism or H atred A gainst
any G roup o f M uslim s :
Please do n o t allow preaching and prom otion o f Provincialism ,
R a cialism , T rib alism o r o f h atred .against any g ro u p of M uslim s
b ec a u se th is is su b v ersiv e o f the first p rin cip le o f Islam , th e
b ro th erh o o d o f the M uslim s and the first p rinciple o f the Pakistan
sta te, the tw o -n atio n theory an d the u n ity and integrity o f the
M illet. W arn y o u r w o rkers ag a in st the sa b o te u rs and the real
e n e m ie s o f Islam w h o are o n ly too ea g e r to tak e advantage o f
M u slim s’ co n tro v e rsie s and co n flicts and d ivid e, disintegrate and
d estro y P ak istan .
3. T a k e the C o-o p eratio n o f the M o h ajirs in y o u r Fight for
D em ocracy and Justice for the Poor :
Take sp ecial m easures for w inning the hearts of the refugees and
the co -o p era tio n of th e M oh ajirs in you r fight for dem ocracy and
ju stice for the p o o r for they are the m ost oppressed and deserve your
support.
4. San sk ritized Bengala Foreign to E ast Pakistan :
H isto rically the foreign A ry an race, b rah m in ical Sanskrit and
th e s a n s k ritiz e d , H in d u ised , lite rary B en g ala o f C alcu tta and
D evnagri scrip t are m o re alien to East Pakistan m asses than Arabic,
P ersian an d U rd u lan g u ag e and sc rip t w h ich are inextricably
in terw o v e n w ith the d aily, sp iritu a l, so cia l and cu ltu ral life of
M u slim B e n g a l. N ay s a n s k r itis e d la n g u a g e an d scrip t are
in co m p atib le w ith Islam and Pakistan.
5. D em and N izam -i-Islam o r D ar-el-Islam in P akistan :
C o n tin u e to press for th e d em and N izam -i-Isla m or D ar-el-
Islam in P ak istan as m ere secu la r d em ocracy and socialism are not
s u ffic ie n t to sa v e P akistan as they w ere n ev er ad eq u ate to save
E u ro p e, A m e rica and R ussia, W in the sy m p ath ies o f all peoples
w h o are sick o f the ru le of self-seek ers. D o not alien ate your w ell-
w ishers by excesses and extrem ism . Do not spoil your very good case
for d em ocracy by bad and offen sive m ethods.
Y o u rs Sincerely
R agh ib A h san
1 Febru ary, 1952.
■«r*n iPiq'Tg
lb H o n 'b le S a rd a r A b d u r Rab N ishtar

M in ister, G o v ern m e n t of Pakistan
( '.im p D acca
The 7th M arch , 1952.
M y D ear H o n 'b le Sard ar N ish tar Saheb,

I w elco m e .you in East P akistan at this ju n ctu re w hen racial and
lin g u istic n a tio n a lism h av e been roused in E ast B en g al w ith the
d e lib e ra te o b je c t to d isin te g ra te P ak istan . I e n c lo se a n o te on
o b s e rv a tio n s an d su g g e stio n s reg ard in g the p resen t E a st B en gal
situ a tio n . It is a d etach ed rev iew from an im p a rtia l b u t Isla m ic
an gle o f v isio n .
W e d o n o t fear the m asses o f Bengal. They are sound and loyal.
But w e d o fea r the so called League M inisters and lead ers o f Bengal,
so m e o f w h o m h av e actively su p p orted the R ebels and all to them
a s C a b in e t re p u d ia ted Q u a id -i-A z a m 's d ictu m o f on e n a tio n , one
M ille t-i-Is la m ia , o n e sta te (P ak istan ) and on e n a tio n a l la n g u a g e,
U rdu. O n e o f the m in isters in a statem en t p u b lish ed in C alcu tta
S ta te s m a n th re a te n e d se c essio n . T h e se M u n afiq s d e s e rv e p u b lic
h an g in g a fter p ro p er inquiry and trial.
M y o w n faith is that I sh all su p p ort a M inistry of D evils if it is
loyal to Isla m ic C en tre and w orks for the integrity o f P ak istan and
the M ille t an d I sh a ll o p p o se a M in istry o f A n g les, S a in ts and
Q u tu bs if it is w orkin g fo r the d isintegration of Islam and Pakistan.
I do re q u e st you to p robe deep in the problem s of East Pakistan,
an d d o s o m e th in g to a rre st the p ro c e ss o f d isin te g ra tio n and
re c o g n itio n o f L in g u is tic an d R a cia l N a tio n a lism in P a k ista n
sta rted b y th e E ast B en g al M u slim L eagu e M in istry w hich sw ears
by th e n a m e o f th e Q u aid -i-A zam and su b sists by the slo g a n o f
Isla m .
Y ou rs S in ce rely
K aghib A h sa n
'lb
M r. H .S. S u h ra w a rd y
K arach i D ate : 14 M arch, 1952.
M y D ear S h a h e e d Sah eeb ,

( 1) I d o h o p e you receiv ed my la st letter and statem en ts on the
East B en g al situ ation . T o be m o re sure I enclose their copies.
The L angu age Problem and Its Solution :
(2) I also en clo se m y N ew and Scien tific study o f the N atio n al

L a n g u a g e P ro b le m o f a 'U n in a tio n a l Id e o lo g ica l" s ta te b u t a
"M u ltilin g u al" cou ntry.
(3) T h at is exactly the p roblem of Pakistan. In fa ct P a k ista n is
the 'u n in a tio n a l' id e o lo g ical sta te o f the M ille t-i-Is la m ia b u t a
cou n try w hich is m ultilingual. T he best solu tion is that su gg ested by
the Q u aid -i-A zam , than w hom w as no greater lover o f P akistan and
im p a rtia l an d sin c e re w ell-w ish er o f all P ro v in ces o f P a k ista n ,
n am ely, that U rdu is and should be the N ational L an gu age o f Inter-
P ro v in cia l m ed iu m o f ex ch an g e and B en g ali should b e the State
L an gu age in the P rovincial sphere. A study o f my thesis sh all n o t be
w ith ou t benefit. So you stick to your statem ent on U rdu and Bengali.
U n d o u bted ly 95 per cent of the Bengalis w ant Urdu provid ed som e
m en o f faith g iv e them the righ t lead.
T h e id eal of a W orld R ab b an i K h ila fa t Party sh o u ld n o t b e
co n fu sed w ith the East Bengal R abbani K hilafat Party o f m y friend
Jan ab A bd u l H ashim . Janab H ashim consulted me about the n am e of
h is P arty and I su ggested that it should be R abbani K h ilafat P arty
and h e ag reed . I cou ld not jo in Jan ab H ashim 's party b eca u se he
jo in ed the m o v em en t of B en g ali lin gu istic and racial n a tio n a lism
m a n ifested in the form o f the Rashtra B hasha B en gala C ahi. T h is I
b elie v e is re d -in sp ired and is d iam etrically opposed to P akistan 's
id e a ls an d in te re sts as w ell as the n eg atio n of R a b b a n i K h ila fa t
id eo lo g y . Ja n a b H ash im ’s asso ciatio n w ith Bhasha m o v em e n t did
g reat h arm to R abban i K hilafat Party m ovem ent. I h op e he w ill be
first to ad m it it.
Y ou rs Sincerely
R agh ib A h san
R agh ib A sh an 's N ote to the Jin n ah A w am i M uslim L eag u e o f W est

P akistan on 11th June, 1952.
T h e re is o n e g reat m isu n d erstan d in g in W est P ak istan . T h e
p ap ers an d p eop le of W est P akistan often con fuse and id entity the
Jin n a h A w am i M u slim L eag u e o f W est P akistan , K a ra ch i, L ah ore
an d P e sh w a r w ith the A w am i M uslim L eague o f E ast P ak istan ,
D acca. T h ey e v e n nam e th e E ast P ak istan body as th e Jin n a h
«mt 5irWF?TR3
L eague. T h is is all w ron g. T h e Jin n a h A w am i M u slim L eag u e of

W est P a k ista n and th e A w am i L eag u e o f E ast P a k ista n are q u ite
d ifferent in essen tial and b asic m atters. For in stan ce :
A w a m i' an d n ot 'Jin n ah ' L eag u e : T h e E a st B en g al b o d y is
o fficia lly an d fo rm a lly n am ed 'A w am i' M u slim L eag u e and n o t
'lin n ah' A w am i M u slim L eague. T h e W estern P akistan i b o d y sw ears
loolty to Q u a id -i-A z a m Jin n ah an d is lo y al to the b asic p rin cip les
of the Q u a id -i-A z a m b u t th e E a st B en g al b o d y re p u d ia te s the
lea d ersh ip of th e Q u aid -i-A zam .
A n ti-Jin n a h : D u rin g the recen t L an gu age R io ts in D acca they
openly a b u sed Q u aid -i-A zam , sp it upon the p o rtraits o f the Q u aid -
i-A zam an d even tram pled u nd er the feet p h o to es and p o rtraits of
the Q u aid . M r. A bu l H ash im in a statem en t on the lan g u ag e issue
re p u d ia te d th e le a d ersh ip o f the Q u a id -i-A z a m . H ow ca n it b e
Jin n ah L eag u e?
A n ti-C e n tre : T h e M u slim L eag u e of W est P ak istan is n ev er
o p p o sed to th e ce n tre bu t the E ast B en g al A w am i L eag u e is a n ti
cen tre an d cla im s 'so v ereign ty' fo r E ast B engal and really aim s at
secessio n an d sep aration from the centre.
A n ti-U rd u : E ast Bengal A w am i L eagu e is d ecid ed ly anti-U rd u.
M r. S h a m su l H u q its S e cre tary refu ted th e sta tem en t of M r. H .S.
S u h raw ard y su p p o rtin g the claim of U rdu as th e State L angu age of
P ak istan . M a u la n a A bd u l H am id K han B h asa n i and o th ers h ave
co n d em n e d U rd u ' as an 'alien' and foreig n ' lan guage. D uring the
February L an g u ag e Riot in D acca the A w am i L eague roused so m uch
hatred a g a in s t U rd u and U rd u w alas th at for w eeks it w as m ade
im p o ssib le for U rd u -k n o w in g p eop le to w alk freely and safely on
the s tre e ts o f D a cca w ith U rd u p ap e r in h is h an d . But Jin n a h
A w am i M u slim L eague o f W est P akistan is a su p p orter of U rdu and
A rab ic s c r ip t an d a b eliev er in the d ictu m o f the Q u a id -i-A z a m
that U rd u an d U rd u alone should be the State lan guage of Pakistan.
C h a m p io n o f B en g ali N a tio n a lism : T he E ast Bengal A w am i
I eag u e is the ch am p io n of B engal racial and lin g u istic n ation alism
and re p u d ia te s th e Q u a id -i-A z a m 's d ictu m o f P a k ista n 's o n e
N ation, o n e State and one national L an gu age of Urdu. Its one stock in
trad e is P ro v in c ia lism . The Jin n a h L eag u e o f W est P akistan h as
been o p p o sin g P ro v in cialism and ev en d em an d in g the abolition of
Provinces and P rovin cial quotas in services.
A n ti-Islam Secu larists : U nlike the Jinn ah L eagu e w h ich stands
fo r d em ocratic Islam ic state the E ast Bengal A w am i L ea g u e leaders,
h a v e b ee n re a lly aim ing at a secu lar state w h ich they now' term
w e lfa r e s ta te . In th e firs t m e etin g o f th e C o n s titu tio n and
P ro g ra m m e C o m m ittee of th e E ast Bengal in Ja n u a ry , 1 9 5 2 , their
lead ers at D acca ag reed that their goal, creed and o b je ctiv e w as a
secu la r state alth o u g h Mr. H .S. Su hraw ard y had p u b licly declared
at D acca that b e stood for an Islam ic D em ocratic State. T h e Bengal
A w am i lead ers said that th ey w ould persuad e M r. S u h ra w a rd y to
su p p o rt th e ir p o in t. M r. H am id u l H uq C h au d h u ry a tten d e d this
co m m ittee. T h is w as reported to m e by Mr. A bd u l H ash im him self
w ho attend ed th e party conclave. It was attend ed by all th e leaders
o f -the B e n g a l A w a m i le a d e rs in c lu d in g M r. H a m id u l H uq
C h o u d h u ry .
A L ead erless Body : The East Bengal A w am i L eag u e is really a
lea d erless body co m p osed o f young and Raw en th u sia sts, upstarts
an d am bitiou s person s who are being utilized by p o w er-h u n ters and
ev en the en em ies o f Pakistan.
Exploited by A n ti-C en tre Elem ents : W hile the Jin n ah L eague of
W e st P a k ista n h a v e le a d e rs lik e M r. H .S. S u h ra w a rd y , Khan
M am d o t, M ian A b d u l Bari, P ir M anki Sharif, Pir Z ak ori S h a rif and
P ir E lah i B u k h sh , K han Sam i Jan K han, K h an B akh t Ja m a l who
h a v e b een lo y al to P akistan , the B engal A w am i L ea g u e is being
exp lo ited by su ch m en as H am idul H uq C hau d h ury w h o se hostility
to Pakistan's centre is open and beyond doubt. Even M r. Fazlu l Huq is
b ein g boosted as th e A w am i L eague Provincial P rem ier an d it is said
b y the p eo p le th at the first th in g he w ill do as P re m ie r o f East
B en g a l sh a ll b e to sh ak e h an d s w ith Sh y am a P rash ad M u k erji of
W est Bengal as h e did in 1942.
No C o n stitu tio n al R elationsh ip betw een the T w o : T h e re is no
co n stitu tio n a l relatio n sh ip b etw een the Jin n ah M u slim L eag u e of
W e st P a k ista n , th e o b v io u s o b je ct o f w h ich is to r e v iv e the
D em o cratic M ass L eague on the basis of the princip les o f the Q uaid-
i-A z a m Jin n a h , an d the A w am i L eag u e o f E a st B e n g a l, w h ich
a cco rd in g the P arty M anifesto issued by its Secretary M r. Sham su l
H u q, d em an d s 'sovereign ty' for East B engal and aim s at a 'secular'
sta te, w hich is b o u n d to be nothing else that a co m m u n ist o r United
So v e reig n Bengal State.
■5TO 4||fr*fMWa
D om inating H indu In flu en ces : A n oth er vital d ifference betw een

the Jin n a h L eag u e and the A w am i L eagu e o f W est P a k ista n and
h ast B en g al, is th a t W e st P a k ista n , as a p u rely M u slim la n d is
a lm o s t fre e from H in d u and Sikh p o p u latio n an d N o n -M u slim
in flu en ces bu t E a st P akistan M u slim specially th e A w am i L eag u e,
as the cham pion o f Bengalism , is w orking u nd er great and d om in an t
H indu influences d irectly and indirectly.
B en g ali L angu age, L iteratu re an d P ress : F irstly , the m o d ern
sa n sk ritiz e d (I) B en g ali L an g u ag e (II) B en g ali L itera tu re and (III)
the B en g ali Press are n o t o n ly all creatio n s o f the H in d u s b u t the
g re a te s t v e h ic le s o f H in d u iz a tio n in e x iste n c e . T h e y a re the
g reatest p o ten t factors o f the m ental H in d u ization and the cu ltu ral
'S h u d h iz a tio n ' o f the E n g lish ed u ca te d M u slim in te llig e n ts ia ,
w h ich is b ein g g ra d u a lly D e-M u slim iz e d . T h e in flu e n c e o f the
B en gali lan g u ag e, B en g ali literatu re and Bengali P ress is really the
in flu en ce o f H in d u ism o f W est B en g al and B h arat w h ich is real
1 lom e' o f m odern Bengali language.
T h e H ind u B en g alee p o p u latio n o f E ast B en g al w h ich as the
p ion eer o f m odern ed u catio n , land ed and cu ltu ra l aristo cracy and
the cla ss o f m a h a ja n s, w a k eels, d o c to r s , p r o fe s s o r s , te a c h e r s ,
jo u r n a lis ts and w rite rs s till w ie ld g re a t in flu e n c e o v e r the
M u salm an s o f East B engal, so m u ch so that the H in d u s still cherish
I he idea o f the Re U n io n o f B en g al u n d er B h arat and th ere are
B en g a li M u slim s w h o su p p o rt them . T h ey are g ettin g v a lu a b le
su p p o rt from W est B engal and Bharat.
A Few O utspoken W ords to N o o n and N urul Am in, 11 July, 1952.
T h e follo w in g n o te o f w arn in g en titled 'O u tsp o k en W o rd s to
N oon and N u ru l A m in' w as ad d ressed to M alik M oh am m ad Firoz
Khan N oon and Mr. N u ru l A m in, the G o v ern o r and C h ief M inister,
respectively o f East P ak istan on th e 11 Ju ly 1952 :
"E ast Pakistan G o v ern m en t an d A d m in istratio n itself is fu ll of
fifth -co lu m n s, enem y ag en ts,.sab oteu rs and the en em ies of the state.
It is lik e a p aten t o f T .B . in im m ed ia te d a n g e r o f co lla p se ,
d isso lu tio n an d death. It is b ein g corrod ed from w ithin. Saboteurs
and en em y agents lik e deadly g erm s a re eatin g into its vitals from
w ith in . East P ak istan ap pears to be lik e the O ttom an T u rk ey , the
sick m a n of E urope an d K .M .l. C h in a, the sick m an o f A sia. U n less
som e m aster-m ind o f indom itable will co m es to its rescue and purges
'oiit-'fis'iwiq wWi'Hi
its bod y p olitic o f deadly germ s it is as sure to collapse as the C hin a

o f C h ian g K ai Shek.
"G o vern o r M alik M oham m ad Firoz Khan N oon, G .O .C., M oosa
K han and P rem ier N urul A m in at present appear to be d efence the
line. But N urul A m in appears to be tacking in resolution, con viction,
p o w er o f w ill and inspired lead ersh ip b o rn of invincible faith in
o n e's m issio n . U n less he d ev e lo p s th is m ad d en in g faith in h is
m ission and is ready to sw im or sink, rise or fall, do or die for h is
m ission there is n o hope. O nly m en of faith and fanaticism , w ill and
ch a ra cter can sav e East P akistan from the d anger o f disintegration,
d isso lu tio n and death.
"T h e first and forem o st d uty of them sp ecially of N oor and
N u ru l A m in, is to m ake a thorou gh, searching objective and h on est
stu d y o f the situ a tio n from the point of view of a M uslim and a
P a k ista n i. H ap h azard , h a lf-h ea rted , p a rtia l or su p erficial stu d y
an d m easu res lack in g the u nity o f faith and resolution, sh a ll not
cu re the patient. T he patient requires the therapy o f faith throu gh
the alch em y o f Islam and the pow er o f will.
"I am afraid N oon and N u ru l A m in hav e n eith er realized the
m ag n itu d e o f the disease not yet arrived at correct diagnosis.
Faith the E lan V ital :

"F aith in the id eology and w ay o f Islam as the one and only
id eology and w ay o f life and the one and only ideology and w ay of
P akistan is the on e and only b asis, reason and object of the existence
o f P akistan , th is is the Elan V ital o f Pakistan. D issolution o f this
fa ith is th e d isso lu tio n o f P a k ista n . I d o u b t v ery m uch the
M in isters, the C h ie f A d m in istrato rs and the Lead ers o f the ru lin g
p a rty h a v e th is faith.
M in isters :
"For in stan ce, H abibullah B ahar, a M inister, is a firm b eliev er
in the id eo lo g y o f Bengali n ation alism , N azrul T agore cult, w hich
is d iam etrically opposed to the cu lt o f Islam and the ideology of
P akistan. H e in trod uced N azru l Islam and Tagore Jayanty festivals
in E ast P ak istan . H e is one o f the ch ief in sp irer o f the B en g ali
lan g u ag e n atio n alism and rebellion against Pakistan. The follow ing
are the carriers o f the germ s o f national su icid e in the body p o litic
o f E ast P akistan.
^ p n 'Sh w f t c j w
1. T h e E d ito rs o f B en g ali D ailies

2. T h e D acca U n iv ersity
3. T h e B oard o f In term ed iate and Secondary E d ucation
4. T h e E d u catio n D irectorate
5. T h e P u b licity D ep artm en t
6 . T h e D acca R adio
7. T h e E ast B en g al P olice
E d itors o f B en g ali D ailies :

"T h e e d ito ria l s ta ff o f the B en g ali d ailie s w h ich co lle ctiv e ly
ru le, co n tro l an d m ou ld the m ind , ed u catio n and cu ltu re o f East
B en gal are th o ro u g h ly hin d u ized and shu d hized . They are w orking
n o t fo r th e ’Isla m iz a tio n ' o f B e n g a li or th e em a n c ip a tio n of the
m in d , cu ltu re a n d so ciety o f E ast P ak istan fro m th e p ern icio u s
in flu en ce o f B h a ra ti B rah m n ism bu t have beco m e the ch ie f en em y
a g e n ts, fifth co lu m n s and sa b o te u rs. I know fa cts w h ich w hen
re v ea led , sh a ll sh o ck and sterile the w h o le of P akistan .
D acca U n iv ersity th e T.B. in the Body of E ast P akistan :
"M an y o f the P ro fesso rs and teach ers are M u n afeqeen the fifth
c o lu m n s o f H in d u ism an d B ra h m in ism p u re an d sim p le . T h e
U n iv e r s ity is th e s e a t o f H in d u is m , B e n g a li n a tio n a lis m ,
co m m u n ism and secu larism . Y et the U niversity is b ein g nursed and
m a in tain ed by the pu blic m oney o f Pakistan. N othin g is bein g done
to ra d ic a lly re fo rm it a lth o u g h the D acca U n iv ersity is lik e the
T.B . and co n su m p tio n in the body of East Pakistan."
To
M r. H .S. S u h ra w a rd y
7th D ecem ber, 1953.
N o A n ti U rd u P ro p ag an d a : A nti U rd u p ro p ag an d a sh o u ld not b e
to lera ted at all. R eco g n itio n o f B en g ali sh o u ld n ev er lead to the
n o n -reco g n itio n o f U rdu, w hich in the w ord s o f Pundit N ehru is the
o n e an d o n ly co m m o n lin k and m ed iu m o f u n d erstan d in g o f the
p eop le and the lin g u a franca of P akistan , H in d u stan , W estern Asia,
S o u th E ast A sia a n d C en tral A sia. U rd u and B en g ali b o th can be
reco g n ized as S ta te L an gu ages in th eir n atu ra l sp h eres, provided
th e lim its o f re a s o n and n a tio n a l u n ity a re n o t tra n sg re ssed .
L an gu age sh ou ld not be m ade an election stunt. Urdu and U rdu alone
is th e lan g u ag e of all Pakistan and m u st be th e on ly sta te lan g u ag e
o f the C en tre. B en g ali is p ro v in cial langu age an d m ay b e o fficia l
lan g u ag e in East B engal, provided it is thorou ghly Islam ized .
R e a lis tic R ev iew o f "B e n g a la -B h a sh a R io ts "

o f February, 1952
C om m u n ist-H in d u Plot to D ynam ite P akistan and the M illet

T he Inner Story of the 'Red O rigins o f B engalism '
O n the 8 th M arch , 1952. Janab R agib A hsan, issu ed the follo w in g

s ta te m e n t at D acca on the B en g ali lan gu age R io ts, w h ich sta rted
from D acca on the 21st February, 1952. The an aly sis o f cau ses are so
tru e and realistic th at it m ay as w ell be fitted in w ith the an aly sis
o f ca u ses o f the K arn afu ly A d am jee riots o f 1954, the n atu ral after
e ffe ct o f the lan g u ag e riots o f 1952, given by M r. M o h am m ad Ali,
th e P rem ier of P ak istan on M ay 30, Ju ne 28 an d Ju ly 17, 1954, at
K a r a c h i d e c la rin g th a t "pseudo B en g al n a tio n a lis m h a s b een
m aster m ined by the C om m u nist” this conclusion w as draw n by Janab
R a g h ib A hsan tw o y ears earlier on 8 th M arch , 1952. T h is R eview
w a s fo rw ard e d to th e M in iste rs o f the C e n tre , the le a d e rs o f
P ak istan and alm ost all leading p ap ers in M arch, 1952 :
D acca
T h e 8 th M arch, 1952
It is a m atter o f g reat sham e and concern that the p o litician s of

b o th the M u slim L eag u e and the A w am i M u slim L eag u e in E ast
B e n g a l h av e tried to m ak e th e n a tio n a l is su e o f the N a tio n a l
la n g u a g e, the U rd u B engali q u estio n , and electio n and party issue.
T h ey h av e m ad e the lan gu age issu e a paw n in the gam e o f party
p o litics for w inning the G eneral E lection in East Bengal prom ised for
1953, and created a h ig h ly ex p lo siv e situation, and a real d an ger to
th e in te g rity o f P ak istan . K h aw aja N a z im u d d in m u st tak e the
p rid e o f place for startin g this gam e. In his sp eech at D acca on the
2 8 th Ja n u a ry , 1948 K haw ja N azim u d d in d eclared th at U rd u and
U rd u alo n e sh all be the state langu age of P akistan and that B engali
sh o u ld b e w ritten in A rabic scrip t. T here w as o b v io u sly K haw aja
N azim u d in 's object w as to d efam e and defeat the opposition.
'■Sllt+rMMd
"T h e E ast B en gal A w am i M u slim leagu e, w h ich is a lead erless

m o stly g ro u p o f y o u n g sters d irected by a law cle a v e r secu larists.
C o m m u n ists and se p a ra tists tak in g fu ll a d v an ta g e o f the g old en
o p p o rtu n ity th row n to th em by the P rim e M in iste r o f P a k ista n
s ta rte d th e m a ss-m o v e m e n t fo r th e re co g n itio n o f sa n sk ritiz e d
B e n g a li as o n e o f th e s ta te la n g u a g e w ith th e in fla m m a b le
U n iv e rsity stu d en ts as th eir W ar M agazin e d efin ite ly and clearly
w ith the o b ject o f d efeatin g the M u slim L an gu age in the G en eral
E le c tio n b y fo m e n tin g B en g ali L in g u istic N a tio n a lism . It w as a
g rea t b lu n d e r and a very sin iste r m ove. They form ed an A ll P arties
State L an gu age C o m m ittee o f A ction o f w hich the m o v in g sp irit w as
th e co m m u n ists o rg a n iz a tio n o f the Youth L eag u e w as o rg an ized
d u rin g th e last few m o n th s in th e D acca U n iv ersity its d iffere n t
H o stels and halls, as w ell as d ifferen t colleges.
F o sterin g o f "B en g alism as Election Stu n t

T h a t th e ir slo g an for 'B en gali' w as m ainly an electio n stu n t and a
p aw n in the gam e o f party p o litics w as confessed to m e by sev eral
re sp o n sib le office-b ears o f the L angu age C om m ittee and the A w am i
L ea g u e w o rkers. T h ey cam e to m e and in sisted on m y jo in in g the
co m m ittee b u t I strong ly differed from their w hole m ovem ent. O n 1st
F eb ru ary , 1952 I felt it m y duty to w rite a letter to M aulana H am id
K h a n B h asan i, the E ast Bengal A w am i ch ief solem n ly w arn in g him
a g a in st th e d an g ers o f p ro m o tin g R acialism and lin gu istic N atio n a
lism a m o n g the M u salm an s b ecau se it cu ts at the very root o f the
b a s is o f P ak istan the T w o N atio n T h eory - that M u slim s from one
N a tio n a lity , the M ille t-Isla m ia an d P a k ista n re g a rd le ss ra cia l,
lin g u istic and te rrito ria l d iffere n ces. I req u ested the A w am ees to
c o n fin e th eir stru g gle for D em ocracy to clear politician s and hatred
am o n g the M uslim s for Election purposes.
M y old friend and co m rad e-in -A rm in the Battle o f P akistan Mr.
A b d u l H ash im , also cam e to m e to invite m e to jo in the A ll P arties
S t a te L an g u ag e C o m m ittee o f A ctio n an d I h ad to d eclin e o n the
sa rh e g ro u n d , n am ely th at R acialism and L in g u istic N atio n alism
w a s the very a n tith e sis o f the Id eal of P a k ista n , as w ell as of
Isla m ic M illeth o o d and Islam ic state.
L ea d ersh ip o f "B en g a lism " Slip s in to C om m u n ists H ands

"B u t is w as so o n c le a r th at the lead ersh ip and in itia tiv e o f the
B e n g a li L a n g u a g e M o v em e n t, first sta rte d by en th u sia sts o f the
« P fl 'SmI£*micic*s <i w1ifoT»f3
B en g ali L anguage as a purely literary m ovem ent, had p a sse d from

the h an d s of the A w am i League and the Stud ents into the h a n d s of
the co m m u n ists and secu larists w ho converted i t into a p u rely a
P o litical M o v em en t and challen ged the very b asis o f P a k ista n and
aim ed at co m p lete sep aration o f E ast Pakistan from the ce n tre . T he
C o m m u n ists, the H ind us and the B harati p ro fesso rs, T e a ch e rs and
A g en ts not only id entified them selves fully w ith the m o v em e n t b u t
b ecam e its prim e m ovies and m ain supporters.
"T h e en tire m o v em en t w as stirred , led and co n tro lled b y tw o
Red B odies n am ely : (i) T h e A ll P arties State Langu age C o m m ittee
of A ction for the d em ocratic C onfed eration of Pakistan. B oth aim ed
at o n e and the sa m e thing the d isin teg ratio n o f P a k ista n th rou gh
R a c ia l n a tio n a lism .
"In the b e g in n in g the m o vem en t m ay have been o rig in a ted by
B en g a li L an g u ag e en th u siasts o f the T am ad d u n M a jlish ty p e b u t
v ery so o n the C o m m u n ists, th e S e cu la rists and the E n e m ie s of
P akistan fully controlled and exploited it for their ow n o b jects. O n ce
m o b -fre n z y o r ra c ia l h a tred and L in g u istic N a tio n a lis m w as
clev e rly roused b y the C o m m u n ist C hief en g in eers of th e B en g ali
L an g u ag e M o v em en t, and preju d ice, fear and h ysteria g rip p ed the
m a sses all so rts o f persons and groups, good, bad and in d ifferen t,
w illingly or unw illingly, consciously or unconsciously, co-m in glod in
the M o v em en t w h ich w as soon turned into an open R ev o lt and
R eb ellio n . A m ong others, the follow ing elem ents played th eir p arts
in the M ovem ent.
M arx ist O rig in s o f M ovem ent fo r B engali N ation alism

(i) T h e 'L e a d e r s ’ o f the 'M a rx ist' T h e o ry o f N a tio n a lity ,
h ea d e d by M r. A b u l H ashim , w h o form ed the Brain T ru st o f the
B en g a li M o vem en t and preached that on the m od el o f th e U .S.S.R .
(R u ssia) the B en g alees, the P unjabees, the Sin dh ees, the P akh toon s,
th e B a lu ch ees and the K ash m irees are sep arate N a tio n a litie s on
th e b a sis o f R a ce , L an g u ag e and te rrito ry an d m u st g e t fu ll
A u to n o m y and In d e p e n d e n c e an d P a k ista n sh o u ld be th e ir
co n fed eration w ith the right of secession for the au to n o m ou s R acial
an d L in g u istic States.
M r. A bul H ashim first p ropou nded this "R ed" T h eory o f R acial
N a tio n a lism in h is d ra ft M a n ife sto o f th e B e n g a l P r o v in c ia l
'S r i 'a i ] C ''T i c i M s
M u slim L eag u e in 1945. It w as d rafted by on e of h is co m m u n ist

relatio n and w as first p u blish ed in the P eo p le's W ar, Bom bay and
Jo n o -Ju d h , C alcu tta, the official org ans o f the C om m u n ists Party of
In d ia w ith full size photo o f M r. H ashim , M r. Sh am su d d in , a 'Red'
fo llo w e r o f M r. H a sh im , an d S e cre ta ry o f th e D acca L ea g u e
p u b lish ed it from D acca in b o o k let form . T h is becam e the startin g
p o in t o f m y o w n d ifferen ce w ith and sep a ra tio n from M r. A bu l
H a sh im w ho w as m ad e S e cre ta ry o f the B en g al L eag u e m ain ly
th ro u g h the su p p o rt o f m y C a lc u tta L e a g u e in teeth o f the
o p p o sitio n o f the K haw ja group. I led the o p p o sitio n to this Red
M an ifesto. T he B engal M uslim L eag u e u nd er the lead ership o f M r.
H .S. S u h raw ard y , K haw ja N azim u d d in and M au lan a A kram Khan
d en o u n ced the 'R ed M anifesto' and co n d em n ed the action of M r.
H a s h im in p u b lish in g it in C o m m u n ist p a p e rs w ith o u t th e
k n o w led g e and ap p ro v al of the L eague. M r. H ashim had to o ffer
ap olog y to the L eag u e and d eclare in the press that the L eague had
n o th in g to do w ith the m an ifesto . It a p p eared M r. H ash im w as
re p ea tin g the sam e gam e in D acca in 1952 th rou g h the B en g ali
lan g u ag e M ovem en t. W h atev er h is real m o tiv es the result w as the
sam e n am ely the fostering o f B engali N ationalism .
T h e oth er elem en ts o f the M ovem ent are :
(2) Th e B en gali L angu age Enthu siasts
(3) T h e C ritics of the M inistry
(4) T h e U n iversity Stud ents
(5 ) T h e d e m o c ra ts w h o d e m a n d e d re sto ra tio n o f C iv il
L ib e rtie s
(6 ) T h e Secu larists
(7) T h e B e n g a li N a tio n a lists w ho p re a ch e d th e P o litic a l
In d e p e n d e n c e 'S o v e re ig n ty ' an d U n ific a tio n of the
B engali R ace, Language and C ulture
(8 ) T he C om m unists and the Youth Leaguers.
(9) The S e p a r a tis ts , A n ti-C e n tr e E le m e n ts and A n ti
P a k is ta n is
(10) T h e O p portu nists
(1 1 ) T he D isgruntled P olitician s and P olitical m al-contents
(12) T he C on g ress lead ers, w orkers and H indu P rofessors and
T e a ch ers
(13) T h e H in d u R eam ers o f the R e-U n io n o f In d ia an d the
U nd oin g Pakistan
(14) T he R.S.S. A gents from B harat
(15) A g ents o f the forw ard Block, the R ev o lu tio n a ry S o cia list
Party and the Terrorists G roup of W est Bengal
(16) M arw arees and H indu C apitalists
(17) P rofessional G oondas, Looters and C rim inals
(18) Saboteurs, Fifth-Colum ns and Enem y A gents
(19) H ind u stan i C oolies and W orkers
(20) Sy m p ath isers of student V ictim s of Firings
(21) M a n y B e n g a li H in d u s, th e S a h a s, the p la c e o f P.S.
F atu llh a, N arayangan j and the 'S an kh aries' o f D acca
T h e R ed Plot Was
"T h e Red P lot w as first to g en erate racial h atred s and p a ssio n s, to

w o rk up the stu d en ts and the Y ou th Leaguers to m o b -fre n z y and
in sa n ity , to create anarchy by large scale d iso rd ers, sa b o ta g es, and
fra tricid al C iv il W a r betw een th e U rdu sp eak in g p eo p le and the
B en g alees, the M ohajirs and the Locals, paralyse co m m u n icatio n by
d is lo c a tin g R a il an d R o ad tr a ffic s an d c u ttin g T e le g r a p h ,
T elep h o n e and T ru n k lines, blow in g up brid ges, Setting fire to the
State b an k of P akistan , the H ead Post O ffice, the D istrict C ou rt and
C o lle cto ra te s, th e S e cre tariat an d o th er S ta te o ffices, ta m p erin g
w ith lo y a lty an d d isc ip lin e o f th e S ecu rity and P o lice F o rces,
o rg a n isin g o p en R eb ellio n and R ev o lt in G o v ern m en t o ffices. The
S ecreta riat and R ad io and then to install a C om m u n ist R ev olu tion
an d in v ite F o re ig n F o rces to o ccu p y the C o u n try . T h e D acca
N aray an g an j R oad w as cu t and blocked . D acca T ru n k T e le p h o n e
d is lo c a te d , R a ilw a y , P ost and T e le g ra p h p a ra ly se d . T h e Eetst
B e n g a l S e c re ta ria t re v o lte d . T h e B en g ali P o lic e r e b e lle d and
disobeyed orders. T h e M orning N ew s Press and office w as set on fire
an d d e s tro y e d . The P a k ista n O b se rv e r of H a m id u l H aque
C h au d h u ry had b eco m e the cham p ion of Bengalism and o f all a n ti
c e n tr e propagand a.
"T h e original w orkers of the M ovem ent m ay have b een in nocent
o f th is d esig n b u t o n ce the co n fla g ra tio n sta rte d th ey b e c a m e
a b s o lu te ly h e lp le ss. T hey w ere o v erw h elm ed w ith g r ie f a t the
sh o o tin g o f the stu d en ts. They w ere sw ept o f th eir feet. T h ey lost
sen se. T h e L ead ersh ip o f the m o v em en t slip p ed in to the h an d s of
the C o m m u n ists, the Secu larists and the E nem y A g en ts. T h ere w as
co m p lete lack o f lead ersh ip on the M uslim L eague F ront as w ell as
the A w am i L eagu e Front. In fact there w as no lead ersh ip . T h e only
le a d ersh ip w h ich w as d eftly o p eratin g and d irectin g and clev erly
th e M o v em e n t w as o f the C o m m u n ists, the S e cu la rists an d the
Sep aratists w ho had clear idea o f their object and m eth od s and w ho
as exp ert trained A g itato rs created a tornad o o f h atred again st the
C e n tre as w ell as a g a in st th e U rd u sp e a k in g p e o p le an d the
M ohajirs. W hile p o o r stud en ts w ere raising slogan s o f "U rdu Bangla
Bhai B h ai", the C o m m u n ists, an d the Sep aratists o rg an ised attack s
on the sh o p s, firm s and facto ries o f the M o h ajirs, U rd u sp eakin g
p eo p le w ere ab u sed , insu lted an d assau lted . W a te r w as d enied to
them . T hey w ere su bjected to So cial boycott. In som e places M ohajir
h o u ses w ere set on fire. S p eak in g o f U rd u w as v io len tly stop p ed
w ith threats and m u rd er. T erro rism w as let loose against all p apers
and p oliticians, w orkers and lead ers w ho d ared to exp ress slig htest
d isap p ro v al or d issent. C risis o f "Jaihind" R e-u n ite Bengal. "D ooee
Bangla Ek H ok" and Pakistan D hansho H ok, w ere raised in D acca,
N aray angan j B an d ar and o th er places.
C o llap se and Su rrend er o f the League

"T h e M uslim L eag u e C om pletely, collap sed . T h ere w as n o trace of
the M uslim L eague anyw here. T he League leaders had no cou rage to
co m e in the p u b lic at all. T h e M u slim L eag u e P arty o f the East
B en g al L eg isla tiv e A ssem b ly on the 22nd F eb ru ary 1952, on the
m otion o f the C h ief M in ister, M r. N urul A m in, passed a resolu tion
recom m ending that 'Bengali' should be one of the State Langu ages of
P a k is ta n
"The abject su rren d er of the League G overnm ent to the Terrorism
o f the d isru p tio n ist d em and of the Bengali. Language N ation alism ,
w ithin tw en ty -fo u r h o u rs o f the terrorist m ov em en t and d iso rd ers
repud iated the Q u aid -i-A zam ’s dictum of one N ation, one State and
o n e N atio n al la n g u a g e p ro p o u n d ed at D acca in M arch , 1948. It
a m o u n te d to c o m p le te a n ti-c lim a x and rig h t-a b o u t-tu rn o f the
M uslim L eague from the position so recen tly reiterated by P rem ier
N azim udd in at D acca on the 28th Janu ary , 1952. T his m ean t n othing
less than th e m o ral d eath o f the M u slim L eag u e. T h e M u slim
«T3T 'S|IWMH'<1 w f e ' T 3
L eag u e d estro yed the o n ly m oral, logical and p o litical g ro u n d o f its

ex iste n ce .
A gitators Em boldened b y the G overnm ent Su rren d er

"T h is su rren d e r em bold en ed the ag itato rs as they had w o n v icto ry
m u ch e a s ily and m u ch e a rlie r th an they h ad e x p e c te d . T h ey
th o u g h t they h ad w on the first round on the L an gu age F ro n t, and
m u st w in the Secon d an d the T hird R ound on the P olitical F ro n t the
o v erth ro w o f the P ro v in cial and C en tral G o v ern m en ts, b y m eth o d s
to terro rism , m o b -v io len ce. G eneral H artals and anarchy. N o w they
s ta rte d th e o p e n fra te rn iz a tio n o f the B e n g a le e H in d u s and
B en g alee M u slim s as one B engalee N ation. T hey started ca m p a ig n s
o f so cia l b o y c o tt, d en ia l o f w ater and n e c e ssa rie s of lif e to and
a tta ck s o n M o h ajirs, their shops and factories. M any in cid e n ts took
p la ce . T h e p o rtra its o f Q u aid -i-A zam w ere b u rn t, sp it u p o n and
tram p led u n d er feet in D acca and N arayanganj. H in d u a n d M uslim
B e n g a lie s raised slo g a n o f "P ak istan D h an g sh o H ok". S e p a ra tio n
from C en tre w as op enly d em and ed. "P akistan D h an g sh o H o k " w as
w ritten on the w alls and raised as slogan. C rie s o f ’Jai H in d ’ w ere
raised . Sab o tag e o f Rail, Road and C om m u n ications w ere o rg an ised .
H in d u s o p e n ly to o k le ad in g p a rts in th e se m o v e m e n ts . T h ey
co llected lacs o f m oney and financed the m ovem ent. A rm s an d bom bs
w ere m ad e and d istrib u ted . O n the 29th F eb ru ary , 1952, w h en the
H in d u s crea te a rio t at N aray an g an j, the D a cca -N a ra y a n g a n j road
w as co m p letely b locked at fou r d ifferen t p laces b e tw e e n F atu llah
a n d C h a sh a ra b y a m o b o f h u n d red per ce n t H in d u s w h ic h fell
P .W .D . trees on the road w ith th e cries of "Jai H ind '. L a cs o f m ost
in fla m m a to ry le a fle ts w ere p u b lish ed . Je e p s an d tru c k s o f the
o rg a n is e r s w ere ev e n on the m o v e in D acca and N a ra y a n g a n j.
T h o u s a n d s o f R ed and R .S.S. A g en ts en tered E ast P a k ista n from
B h a ra t. T h e C a lcu tta Press and H ind u P arties d em o n stra te d their
a ctiv e su p p o rt by m eetin gs procession s and resolutions. C rie s o f 'R e
u n ite B en g al' w ere raised in D acca, N aray an g an j and B u n d e r and
C a lcu tta . "D o ee B angla Ek H o k "- "The T w o B en g als M u s t U n ite"-
W ere w ritten in B en g ali on he W alls and the Strets w ith ch alk.
U n d en iab le F acts :
"T o d en y or g lo ss o v er th ese facts sh a ll b e a d a n g e ro u s self
d e lu sio n , the stu d en ts and the you th m u st realise th at th ey w ere
•iim ^rlippra
m ade tools in the hand s of d esig n in g p o litician s and used as raw

m a terials in the m o st d an g ero u s an d ex p lo siv e p o litical g am e o f
lire , th e g am e o f ro u sin g L in g u istic N a tio n a lism to d y n a m ite
P a k ista n itself. T h ey w ere in je cted w ith the fear, p assio n and
prejud ice that 'Bengali' was in d anger and w as being sw am ped by an
"A lien L an gu age" U rdu . T h e pity is that they fell v ictim to the
v en o m o u s, false and baseless p ro p ag an d a o f the en em ies o f Islam
and Pakistan. T he A w am i L eag u e co m m itted su icid e by a d o p tin g
se n se le ss p o litics o f ex trem ism , e x cess and d irectly or in d irectly
su p p o rtin g the Sep aratist, D isru p tio n ists and a n ti-state M ovem ent.
I lad they w o rked for o rg an izin g a D em o cratic M u slim P arty on
sound Political, E conom ic and Islam ic principles they m ay h ave w on
the p eop le on th eir sid e and fu lfilled the need of a p atrio tic and
c o n stitu tio n a l o p p o sitio n in E a st P ak istan . But the n a k ed fact
w hich em erg es from , this crisis is that both the M u slim L eague and
the A w am i L eagu e h ave co m p letely failed. T h ey h ave been tried
anil found wanting.
Balance Sheet of Loss and G ain :

T h e verd ict o f the p eop le is th at the M u slim L eagu e party is
m ainly resp o n sible for the crisis. K hw aja N azim u d d in first started
the co n tro v ersy on 2 8 .1 .5 2 at D acca, a how l w as raised an d the
K haw ja qu ickly retreated only five days after, on the 3rd F ebru ary,
I‘>52. T h e P ro v in c ia l L e a g u e M in istry o f th e 2 0 th F e b ru a ry
u n n ecessarily im posed section 144 at D acca, ban n ed m eetin g s and
p rocessions o f the pro-B engali stu d en ts and on 21.2.52 lastly resorted
firin gs and k illings o f studen ts w hich created an exp losiv e situation
v erg in g on o p en rebellion and revolt paralysin g the h eart an d the
b ra in -c e n tre o f the p ro v in ce. T h o u san d s w ho create little for the
lan g u ag e co n tro versy and took no side w ere shocked and d riv en to
the sid e of the stu d en ts as n atu ral sy m p ath isers. W hthin tw en ty-
four hours the leagu e staged a com p lete so m ersault. They ad opted
the very slogan o f the peop le they clubbed as d isru p tio n ists. The
M uslim League ceased to be the M uslim League. The m uslim League
an d th e A w am i L e a g u e sta rte d c o m p e titio n fo r ch a m p io n in g
B en g ali L in g u istic N atio n alism .
N o san e and true M u slim co u ld su p p o rt C iv il W ar am o n g
M u slim s. T erro rism , violence, in d iscip lin e am on g the G o v ern m en t
ci—
S e rv a n ts, th e P o lice and the S e cu rity F o rce s, a p p e a ls to ra cia l
h a tred s, the ro u sin g o f L in g u istic N atio n alism , m o b -fre n z y and
h y s te ria , sa b o ta g e and open re v o lt and reb ellio n by th e h elp of
alien agents and
C om m u n ists. E very M uslim m u st con d em n it as a n ti-S ta te and
a n ti-Isla m . B u t it is clear the L ea g u e M in istry first c r e a te d the
e x p lo siv e situ a tio n an d then itself b ecam e the sta n d a rd b e a re r o f
B en gali L in g u istic N ationalism . T h e League tried to b lo w the w ind
ou t o f the sa ils o f the A w am i L eag u e's B en g alism , it its fig h t for
pow er. By th is act the League forfeited the co n fid en ce o f all h o n est
m en. It co m m itted m oral su icid e. It u nd erm in ed the o n ly m o ral,
logical g rou nd of its existence o f the P ost-P artition p e rio d , n a m ely ,
the p re se rv a tio n o f th e in teg rity of the M a lle t-i-Is la m ia an d the
Islam ic ch a ra cte r and the so lid arity of P akistan and th e ev o lu tio n
o f Islam ic o rd er o f life.
T he Balance Sheet o f Loss and G ain can be su m m arised as u n d e r :

O n the M uslim League C o u n t:
"(1 ) Tire M u slim League b ec a m e the m o st h ated a n d h u n ted
p a rty in E a st B e n g a l. It c o lla p se d c o m p le te ly as a p o p u la r
o rg an isatio n . T h e m om en t of the M uslim L eag u e M in istry falls the
L eag u e w ill d isap p ear. *
"(2 ) T h e M u slim L eague A sse m b ly P arty an d th e L ea g u e
M in istry in E ast B en g al is ex p o sed as th o ro u g h ly u n s cru p u lo u s,
u n p rin cip led and faithless, op p ortu nist group d eclares lip lo y alty to
th e Q u a id -i-A z a m . P akistan and Islam bu t re p u d ia te s th em in
p ractice, in pu blic, to save its ow n selfish interests.
"(3) T h e L ea g u e M in istry h as no co n tro l o ver its G o v e rn m e n t
s e r v a n ts , its S e c re ta ria t s ta ff an d the B e n g a le e P o lic e w h ich
show ed m ost serio u s kind of indiscipline and paralysed G o v ern m en t.
But for the su p erb w ork of the arm y and P u n jab i O ffice re d E.P.R .
there w as co m p lete anarchy in D acca and N a ra y a n g a n j, the; h eart
an d ca p ita l o f E a st P ak istan , th a n k s to th e u tte r f a ilu r e an d
c o lla p s e of th e a u th o rity and m a ch in ery o f th e M in is try . T h e
B en g alee Police o p en ly revolted and su p p orted the B en g a li B hasha
R ebellion, bru te F orce appears to be the only b asis o f the M in istry .
"(4 ) T h e E ast B en g al L e g isla tiv e A ssem b ly w as p ro n o u n c e d
w ith ou t p assing the Budget and the Finance Bill an d the fa te o f the
M in istry hangs in th e balance.
"(5) There is a great h iatus betw een the ru lers and the ruled and
th e gulf is w idening day by day.
"( 6 ) The D acca U n iversity , C olleges and H ostels and closed and
ed u catio n al system paralysed .
"(7) The D acca U niversity has been revealed and exp osed as the
c ita d e l of c o m m u n is m and th e B rain C e n tr e of B e n g a le e
N a tio n a lism and H in d u , In d ia n and R u ssia n In flu e n c e and
co n se q u e n tly th ere is co m p lete d ish arm o n y , h o stility an d a n ti
th esis b etw een th e b a sic id e o lo g y , co n cep tio n and o b je ctiv e of
P akistan and the u n iversity. T h e U niversity is u nd er in flu en ce o f
com m unism and Hinduism.
"( 8 ) V ery a cu te and v en o m o u s R acial and L in g u istic hatred
have been engendered. Urdu sp eakin g people and M oh ajirs in som e
places w ere su bjected to m altreatm ent and insult.
"(9) A nti-cen tre feelin g has b een to grow by the w eak n ess and
lack o f p o licy an d th e le a d e rsh ip o f th e M in istry an d th e
p ro v in cia lism o f the M in iste rs th e m selv es w h o su p p o rte d the
a g ita to rs .
O n the Aw am i League C o u n t:
"(1) T h e A w am i L eag u e in E ast Bengal has co m m itted ’H ara-
Kiri' su icid e by a d o p tin g e x tre m ist and se n se le ss m e th o d s and
d isru p tio n ist tactics o f fa cia l h atred s and L in g u istic N a tio n a lism
and co m m ittin g series of ex cesses w hich alien ated the sy m p ath ies
san er sectio n o f the people. T h e A w am i L eague w hich w as gain in g
ground now stand s liquidated. All its w orkers are arrested or w anted
by the Police.
"(2) T h e A w am i L eag u e or at least its G en eral S e cie ta ry . Mr.
Sh am su l H uq, h as been preach in g the so v ereig n ty of E ast Bengal
accord in g to the L ahore R esolu tion of 1940, forgettin g the fact that
Pakistan has not been m ade accord in g to the Lahore R esolu tion, but
on the p rin cip le of a U n in a tio n a l State of th e o n e in d iv id u a l
M illet-i-Islam ia and the P artitio n o f the p ro v in ces of B en gal and
the P unjab on lin es o f religiou s d ivisio n s of M u slim s and the N on -
M uslim s regard less o f the L inguistic Unity of the Bengalee R ace and
Bengali L an gu age in Bengal and the Unity of the Panjabee race and
Pan jabee L angu age in the P u n jab. W hatever m ay be the p o licy of
the Jin n ah A w am i M uslim leagu e in W est Pakistan the East Bengal
A w am i M u slim L eagu e seem s to aim at sep aratio n of E ast Bengal
from th e C en tre. T h is is the reaso n the A w am i L e a g u e o f E ast
Bengal has lost con fid en ce of the true M uslim s and true P akistan is.
"(3 ) It h as b ee n d em o n strate d that the E ast B e n g a l A w a m i
L eagu e is absolu tely a 'Leaderless' and is exploited by O p p o rtu n ists
an d S e cu la rists for their ow n u lterio r pu rp oses. It is a le a d erless,
in co h eren t, m ostly group of Y ou ngsters w ho do not k n o w their m ind
and in the absence o f any oth er pop u lar and v o te -ca tch in g slog an ,
h a v e ad o p ted L in g u istic N atio n alism as th eir sto ck in tra d e. T h ey
d e n o u n c e an d a b u se n o n -B e n g a le e M u slim B u s in e s s m e n , the
Isp ah an ies and the A dam jee in stron g est term s alth o u g h th ey know
th a t th ey h a v e b ro u g h t ca p ita ls of cro res from B h a ra t in East
P a k is ta n b u t they say n o th in g a g a in st th e M a r w a r e e s , W est
B en g a le e s and B ritish e x p lo iters w ho are d ra in in g o u t P a k ista n i
ca p ita l o f B h arat and Britain.
"(4) Som e of the A w am i L eag u ers fraternised w ith the H in d us
and p reach ed the u nity of the B engalee N ation. T h ey a re ch arged
w ith m aking co m m o n cau se w ith the enem ies of the S ta te am i the
en e m ie s of Islam .
"(5 ) T h ey are ch a rg e d w ith w o rk in g w ith s e c tio n w h ich
co m m itted sabo tag e, violence and tried to paralyse co m m u n ica tio n s
an d create anarchy.
"T h e A w am i L eag u e as w ell as the M uslim L ea g u e in l a s t
B e n g a l s ta n d s th o ro u g h ly e x p o se d as u tte rly in c a p a b le ol
lea d ersh ip and u nfit for pu blic co n fid en ce in as m uch as they are
p ro v ed to h av e least respect for p rin cip les and are cen t percent for
o p p o rtu n ism , the pursuit of pow er for the shake of p ow er. M oreover
th eir is essen tially no d ifferen ce at all betw een the A w a m i L eague
an d M u slim L eag u e in the p rin cip le they p rotress sa m e and excep t
that th e one is in pow er and the oth er w ants to take its place.
The D angerous V a cu u m :
"T h e M u slim L eag u e is d ead . Id eologically the A w a m i L eague
is ex tin ct. Both hav e failed in the P ost-P ak istan p e rio d to o ffer a
new d y n a m ic le a d e rsh ip , p ro g ra m m e and id e o lo g y c a p a b le of
ra lly in g the m asses and- realizin g the ideal o f Islam ic o rd e r o f life,
d em o cracy , so cialism and the p ro g ress tow ard s the u n ifica tio n of
the w orld of Islam for w hich P akistan w as founded.
"T h e re is c o m p le te o rg a n is a tio n a l vacu u m in th e p o p u la r
p o litical sp h ere of East Bengal p u blic life. This is d a n g e ro u s. T here
is fru stration and d em oralisation every w here.
"5tsi -aiic-WH-t iflsisna
T o w h e e d -i-d e e n -w a -se y a sa t
"T h e p e o p le feel th at th e d a y s of the M u slim L eag u e, the
A w am i L eag u e and Jin n ah L eag u e are o v er. They h av e fulfilled
th e ir m issio n s. O n ly a h u n d re d p ercen t Isla m ic P arty w ith a
hun d red per cen t Islam ic, d yn am ic, p ro g ressiv e, d em ocratic, so cia
list p ro g ram m e, led by m en o f in v in cib le F a ith , C h a ra cte r and
d eterm in atio n can lead P ak istan and the M u slim s to self-re a liz a
tio n as th e s ta te and th e N a tio n w ith W o rld M issio n . O n ly
T o w h eed -i-d een -w a-sey asat, the unity of religion and of po litics on
the p ro g ressiv e platform o f an A ll P akistan Islam ic party w ith the
ideal o f A ll W orld Islam ic p ro g ram m e o f p o litical and eco n o m ic,
social and cu ltu ral reco n stru ctio n and progress accord in g the b asic
values o f the Q uran and Su nnah, but on lines of m o d em scien ce can
sav e them from cap italism and com m u nism and m ake them U m m at-
i-w usta of the m id d le and m o d el nation of the H olly Q uran . W an t
of Im an & Faith and lack o f v isio n and le a d ersh ip is th e real
d isease of P akistan and the Islam ic W orld. P akistan is cry in g for
m en of d yn am ic faith, clear visio n and lead ersh ip , ch a ra cter and
s in cerity , m issio n and d estin y w ho can crea te a new w orld and
s a lv ag e the M illet from the slou g h s of d esp on d , d eg en eratio n and
d o w n fa ll. It re q u ire s g a lv a n iz in g Im an (fa ith ), v isio n , in b o rn
lead ersh ip , in sp irin g ch aracter o f sterlin g gold and sp o tless steel,
ce a se le ss Jeh ad (stru g g le) and Itteh ad - the in tellectu a l in d e p en
d en ce and ex e rtio n o f the m ind to m eet and p ro v id e fo r n ew
exigen cies and new’ problem s o f life on the basis o f the eternal values
o f the Q u ran and Su n n ah and the d em an d s o f scien ce an d the
d y n am ics of life.
D acca, the 8 th M arch, 1952, R agib A hsan

R aghib A h asan , E ast-P akistan crisis, 1954, D acca, 1954, pp. 35-58.
TK'SlTt : -08
sn>qi w an ?!®

Police D epartm ent (Hom e)
T h e H on'ble M r. N urul Am in
Q u estio n (starred ) to be asked by Mr. K hairat H ossain, M .L .A ., at
the cu rrent session o f the East Bengal Legislative A ssem bly, D acca.
Q uestion A nsw er
(A ) W ill th e H o n 'b le M in is te r-in - (A) P olice u sed tear g ases

ch arg e o f th e H o m e ( P o l ic e ) and op ened fire b u t n o t on
D e p a rtm e n t b e p le a se d to a n sw e r p e o p le in s id e th e
th at on the 21.2 .5 2 , P olice threw tear compound.
g a s e s an d o p e n e d fire on p e o p le
a s s e m b le d in th e M ed ica l C o lle g e
c o m p o u n d a n d M e d ic a l C o lle g e
H o stel, D acca?
(B ) If the rep ly to the above is in the (B) (i). 27 roun d s
a ffir m a tiv e , w ill th e H o n ’b l e ( jj) 3 3 i e d , 31 in ju re d
M in iste r be also pleased to state : persons w ere ad m itted into
H o s p ita l.
(i) the n u m ber o f round s o f shorts that w ere fired ;

an d
(ii) the n u m b er o f d eaths and inju red ?
A p p ro v ed
Sd/ N Am in
2 8 .1 0 .5 2
O ffic e N o te :
M em o N o. 480-e., dated 14.3.52 from D.M . Dacca.
T h e D istrict M ag istrate, D acca, rep o rts th at it is n ot a fact that
o n 2 1 .2 .5 2 P o lic e th rew tear g a ses and o p en ed fire o n p eo p le
a s s e m b le d in M e d ica l C o lle g e co m p o u n d and M e d ica l C o lle g e
H o stel, D acca.
Su b m itted . D .S. (D ep u ty Secretary ) m ay see.
S d / Ille g ib le
19.3.52.
W e m ay av ail o f the receipt o f rep ort o f M r. ju stice Ellis.
S d / Ille g ib le
20 .3 .5 2 .
S in ce n o p ra ctica l in fo rm atio n h as been g iven . I h a w had a talk
w ith D .M . and S.P. T h ey are p rep arin g their m a teria ls and rep ort
to be p laced before the C om m ission and it w ould n o t be d esirable for
G o v ern m e n t to co m m it them selves at this stage. T h e reply should be
as fo llo w s :
1. "Since the m atter is under enquiry, it w ould not b e d esirable in
p u b lic in terest for G o v ern m e n t to rep ly to th is q u estio n at this
s ta g e ."
2. Sh o u ld , h o w ev er, H om e P olice m ay w ish to g ive a rep ly it
should be as follow s :
(A) Police used tear gases and opened fire b u t not on people inside
the com pound.
(B)(i). 27 rounds
(ii) 3 died, 31 inju red persons w ere adm itted into H ospital.
H .P .M .
It is perhap s intend ed that reply as in para 2 (p rep age) cou ld be
given.
G o v ern m e n t o f E ast B en g al, B -P roceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l
A rc h iv e s ,P o lice D epartm en t. B ranch H om e, B u n d le-124. N o v em b er,
1952. Proceedings N o. 317-18.
L ingua-Franca
E d ito r ia l
W ith the ap p ro ach o f G en eral electio n in E ast P ak istan in terested
qu arters w ith a view to cap tu re the im agination o f the m asses w ith
the u ltim ate o bject at vote catching have been, o f late. They m ean to
w in o v er the p e o p le by p an d erin g to th eir p a ro ch ia l sen tim en t.
P ro p agan d a is afo o t that B engali is going to be b an ish ed yield in g
p lace to U rdu w hich is d esign ed ly alleged to be a language foreign
to this Province. T his is a d istortion of facts and cu ts at the very root
o f the co n cep tio n o f Pakistan. They fail to realise that by ind u lging
in the prop agand a they are know ingly or u nknow in gly playing into
the h and s o f o u r en em ies w ho w ill lose no ch an ce o f fishing in the
troubled w aters should the exponents of B engali succeed in m aking
an y m ark . In ev ery sta te o f the w orld th ere is o n ly o n e sta te
la n g u ag e. O f co u rse, there m igh t be P rovin cial lan g u ag es or local
d ia lects w hich th rive w ithin th eir ow n sp h eres u nh am p ered w ith.
T h e fact th a t the s ta te la n g u a g e is a la n g u a g e o th e r th an the
P rovincial one d oes n ot co n flict w ith the existen ce of the latter.
brt ^rwi==rra t f f e ’ ra
P akistan is an Islam ic State w here the M uslim s as su ch are to be

th riv e a cco rd in g to their ow n g en iu s. The w ord 'Isla m ' is in se p a r
a b le fro m th e co n cep t o f P akistan . H ence the c h o ice o f the sta te
lan g u a g e w e have to guard o u rselves against the in flu en ces em a n a
ting from so u rces oth er than Islam .
T h e P ro v in cial langu age in E ast Pakistan is B en g ali. T h e ch o ice
o f U rd u as L in gua franca does in n o w ay co n flict w ith th e existen ce
o f B en g a li as the P ro v in cial lan g u ag e. B en g ali d o es n o t o w e its
o rig in to Islam or M u slim s b u t to Sanskrit. T h o u g h it m ay b e
co n ten d ed that U rdu also does n o t ow e its to Islam , b u t it d oes in a
sen se to M u slim s is Persian. The presen t vocabu lary o f U rd u , b ein g
m ain ly an ad m ix tu re o f Persian and A rabic, and d ev elo p ed m ainly
b y the M u slim sc h o la rs has atta in e d an Islam ic sta tu s . U rd u in
d e fin ite ly ric h e r in Islam ic lite ra tu re th an an y o f th e re g io n a l
la n g u a g e o f Pakistan.
T h e fath er o f th e n atio n , the Q u aid -e -A zam , in h is life tim e
had to face this q u estio n . He g av e his opin io n . H e e m p h a tica lly
a sserted that there can be only o ne state lan gu age and th a t sh all b e
U rd u . T h e p ro p ag an d ists for B engali should b ear in m in d that they
a re a tte m p tin g to u n settle the settled fact in c o n tra v e n tio n and
d isreg a rd o f the d ecisio n given by the fath er o f the n a tio n on the
score.
It is tim e th at w e sh ou ld cry (try ?) a halt to th is d a n g e ro u s and
n efa rio u s gam e. N o further latitude should be given. U rd u sh ou ld be
sta te la n g u a g e of P ak istan as a lrea d y d ecid ed b y th e fa th e r of
N a tio n .
T he E astern H erald, S y lh e t, 16 F ebru ary, 1952.
Q uid-e-A zam on O u r State Language
T h e P a k ista n P rim e M in iste r referred in h is sp e e c h in D acca on

S u n d a y to the Q u id -e-A zam 's sp eech in D acca on M a rch 21, 1948
ab o u t U rdu bein g the State L anguage o f Pakistan.
T h e late Q u id -e-A zam had said, "Let m e tell y ou in th e d e a re s t
la n g u a g e that there is no truth that you r norm al life is g o in g to be
to u ch ed or d istu rb ed so far as B en g ali language is co n cern ed . But
u ltim a te ly is for y ou , the peop le o f this. P ro v in ce, d o d ecid e w hat
sh all be language of y ou r Province.
But let m e m ak e it very clear to you that the State L an g u ag e of
P akistan is going to be U rdu and no other language. W ith o u t a State
Language no nation can rem ain tied up solid ly together and function.
Look at the history o f oth er co u n tries. T h erefo re so far as the State
L an gu age is con cern ed , P ak istan 's langu age sh all be U rdu. .But as I
have said , it w ill co m e in tim e."
T he Eastern H erald, S y lh e t, 16 F eb ru ary , 1952.
P ashban (a U rdu d aily p u b lish ed from D acca) o f 28th M arch

publishes a letter from a corresp on d en t containing the follow ing :
"T h e activ e step w h ich the G o v ern m en t o f E ast B en g al h av e
taken for the d issem ination o f ou r n ational language, U rdu, d eserves
praise. By fu lfilling this g reatest need o f the h o u r the G o v ern m en t
have fu rnished ev id en ce o f their true d u tifu ln ess and o f b ein g the
true G o v ern m en t. It im p lem en tatio n of the resolu tio n that "in the
region s w here U rdu is n o t g en erally sp o k en and u n d ersto o d , the
in stru ctio n of U rdu should be m ad e co m p u lsory" arran g em en ts for
instructions in U rdu have been m ad e and a program m e for its further
ex p a n sio n is in view . In th is co n n e ctio n th ere is one th in g that
d e s e rv e s sp e cia l a tte n tio n an d it is th is — w h at sh o u ld b e
the stan d ard o f U rd u e d u catio n o f the ch ild re n w h o se m o th er-
tongue and a second ary la n g u a g e .... T he stand ard o f U rdu and the
sy lla b u s m ain tain e d in th is p ro v in ce so far has b een p rescrib ed
k eep in g in view the ch ild re n w h o se m o th er to n g u e is U rd u . N o
regard h as b een paid for its asp e ct as a seco n d ary lan g u ag e. T o
ad opt the sam e syllabus as a secon d ary lan gu age w ill b e to im ped e
the p ro g ress o f U rd u . T h e h eig h t o f stan d ard an d d ifficu lty o f
sy lla b u s w ill low er the sp irit o f the stu d ents and m ak e them h ate
th e la n g u a g e. In sp ite o f its a ttra c tiv e n e ss U rd u w ill b eco m e a
d ifficu lt p roblem for them . T he cu rren t U rdu sy llab u s w ith w hich
U rd u sp eak in g b o y s start in cla ss I cannot be ad opted for Bengali
sp eak in g boys befo re class IV or V ....It is therefore n ecessary that a
sp e cial sy llab u s should be ad op ted for the Bengali sp eakin g b o ys
w h o m ay ad opt U rdu as a second ary language. Its stand ard should
b e ea sy and it sh o u ld be u sefu l for the b o y s. T h e E d u ca tio n
D ep artm en t has not issued any sp ecial, instru ction in regard to the
stan d ard or Urdu in Bengali schools. The au thorities should at once
d ev ise a schem e so that the w ork m ay proceed in a satisfactory and
organised m anner."
G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast B en g a l, B -P r o c e e d in g s , B a n g l a d e s h
N a tio n a l A rc h iv e s, D epartm en t o f E ducation , B u n d le 92, A p ril-
M ay, 1953, Proceedings No. 698-705.
'3 | K '* T | 5 1 C H < 1 W p le l^ r a
Urdu is U n iv ersal
B en g al its B irth Place
S w a m i K a liju g a n a n d K ab irp an th i
T h e sta te o f "A zad P akistan " w as achieved throu gh the m e d iu m o f

U rd u . In the sa m e w ay B h arat b e c a m e in d e p e n d e n t u n d e r th e
c o n g re s s th ro u g h the m ed iu m o f U rdu . O u r late Q u a id -i-A z a m
le a rn t U rd u in h is old age, and so did G and hiji, Su bh ash B ose Sang
h is son gs of independence in Japan. H is songs also in Urdu.
T h e A ry a Sam ajists sprang fro m the H indus to fight th e ev ils o f
id o l w o rsh ip . They pu blish their p ropagand a tracts and Jo u rn a ls on
a w id e scale in U rdu. Raja Ram M o h o n Roy has d o n e a g rea t w ork in
B en g a l fo r liq u id atin g idolatry. H e knew U rdu, P ersian a n d A rab ic
w ell and th rou gh these language h e becam e a fam ous reform er. U rdu
w a s b o rn in Bengal. T he M uslim s in Bengal ow e their b irth to Urdu.
T h e s c r ip t o f U rd u h a s sim ila rity w ith th o se o f the la n g u a g e s
th ro u g h o u t the M u slim w orld. T h erefo re, Urdu alo n e can b e help fu l
in b eco m in g fam iliar and friendly w ith other M u slim land s. U rd u is
a T u rk ish w ord w hich m eans arm y. T h u s Urdu alo n e can m ak e on ce
a so ld ie r. In the w orld o f d em o cracy , the p eop le of B en g al are the
n a tu ra l m a ste rs o f P ak istan . A d m in istra tiv e fa c ilitie s from th e
Ju n g le o f S y lh e t to the h ills o f K o h at, can be d eriv ed fro m U rd u
a lo n e . F o r this it w ill be essen tial to cry a slog an o f "S p ea k U rd u "
a n d "W rite U rd u ". In this lies B en g a l's p o litical, co m m e rcia l and
re lig io u s w ell-bein g. A m ong the refu gees and Bh arati m erch an ts in
P a k is ta n , w ho sp e a k U rd u , th ere is no d o u b t so m e u n d e sira b le
ele m e n ts. T h ese peop le have their one leg in P akistan and one leg in
B h a ra t. It lies in the han d s o f th e P ak istan is to fra m e e ffe c tiv e
la w s to p rev en t su ch h and s o f the happenings. B ut an in d ifferen ce to
U rd u w o u ld m ean a trem en d o u s lo ss to P ak istan itself. U rdu is
u n iv e rs a l lan g u ag e. T h e B elu ch is, the P un jabis, the P ak too n s an d
S h in d h is hav e ad m itted this fact. B en g al is the m aster o f U rd u in
m u ch the sam e w ay as it is the m aster of Pakistan.
T h e H in d u s o f B en g al used th e ir all a b ilitie s and w ealth and
" m a d e v io len t e ffo rts for over fifty years to raise the sta n d a rd of
B e n g a li so high as to reach it to areas o u tsid e Ben g al. But th ere
w ere a co m p le te failure. It rem ain ed a p ro v in cial lan g u a g e in the
sa m e w ay as P u sh to, Punjabi, S h in d h i and B alu ch i. N o p ro v in cial
l.in g u ag e h as the stren g th to cross its fro n tiers. U rd u is n ot the
language o f one p rovince or area. It is universal.
L acs o f P ro p h ets, R ish is and M u n is, S ain ts an d Sad h u s San ts
and M a h a tm a s h av e ap p e a red in the w o rld . T h ey w ro te th e ir
scrip ts from righ t to left, an d w h en th ere w as w eak n ess am on g
them , they started w ritin g from the w ro n g sid e i.e. from left to
right. W h en the C on g ress G o vern m en t w anted to force H ind i upon
M adrais, the A d ibasis (A chhu ts and n o n-B rahm in s) started a strong
Boycott o f H ind i and Sanskrit. They organised p ick etin g and in this
stru g gle abou t fou rteen thousand A d ibasi m en and w om en courted
arrests and w ent to jail.
B efore the arrival o f the A ryans in India w hen the peop le used
utensils o f gold and silver, the language o f the A d ibasis w as w ritten
from rig h t to left. T h ey had th eir forts and ca stle s o f iron and
m arble. They all believ ed in one G od. Real d em o cracy (P anchayet)
existed then. R em arriag e o f w in d o w s w as p e rm itte d . M en and
w om en w ere used to w ork and labour. In that age of w riting from the
right sid e, there w as no trace o f idol w'orship.
In fact, U rdu sp ran g up from the M uslim M u jah id s o f Bengal.
Th e first U rdu N ew sp ap er, tran slatio n an d co m m en ta ries o f the
Q u ran in U rdu w ere p u blish ed by the B en g ali M uslim s. T he first
poet o f U rdu w as also a M u slim o f Bengal. T he peop le o f Laknow
and D elhi got U rdu from Bengal and .m ad e it their ow n.
T o d ay, M r. M uham m ad A yyu b K han is taking a leading part in
the co n versio n of W est Pakistan into one unit. He has accepted Urdu
as the lan g u ag e o f the w hole W est Pakistan. A cco rd in g to the w ish
o f the late Q u aid -i-A zam U rdu alo n e can be lan gu age o f Pakistan.
W est P akistan has already su cceed ed in it.
It the peop le o f Bengal, w ho are the real m asters of Pakistan in
this d em o cratic w orld think sag acio u sly , they w ill find that U rdu
is the o nly langu age w hich can help them in ev ery sphere o f their
lives. T h e ig n o ran ce o f this lan g u ag e is in crea sin g id o latry and
su p erstitio n . O n the o ccasion o f the last D ew ali, 40 im ages of Kali
w ere taken o u t in D acca w h ich is the im portant city of the m asters
o f P a k istan . T h ese im a g e s w ere on the sh o u ld e rs o f the p oor
M u slim s. A fter all the poor also h av e their religion. But these poor
fellow s w ere illiterate and ignorant. T h is is due to lack of w eakness
o f kn o w led ge. T h is is w hat h ap p en ed in a city like D acca w here
th ere are abou t 700 m osqu es and a G o vern m en t A rab ic C o lle g e in
w h ich there are learned professors draw ing salaries from Rs. 200 to
1200 a m onth.
U rd u has p layed a great part in rem oving id o l w o rsh ip from
o u r so cie ty . Q u a id -i-A z a m , as said b efo re, le a rn t U rd u in h is
old age. H e cam e o v er to D acca to im press upon us the im p o rtan ce
o f U rd u and h e d id so as the G o v e rn o r-G e n e ra l o f P a k ista n .
Q u a id -I-A zam w as a g reat friend o f the w eak. H e cou ld n ev er see
th e p eo p le o f b eg g in g , lagging b eh in d in the race o f p ro g ress and
p r o s p e r it y . Q u a id -i-A z a m 's v is it B e n g a l h a s a h is t o r ic a l
s ig n ific a n c e . H is v is it sh o u ld b e im m o rta lise d b y e r e c tio n a
m e m o rial and that sh ould be a U niversity, the U rd u U n iv ersity of
P a k is ta n .
T h e w ell-w ish ers o f Bengal w ould do w ell to take a lead in this
m atter. U rdu m u st attain perfectio n in Bengal. P eop le in the h ab it
o f d in n in g and d ressin g in English fashion, g en erally th in k in term s
o f E n g lish they a d v o cate ad o p tio n o f A rabic. T h e ir m e n ta lity is
th a t if they th e m selv es can n o t rem ain as ru le rs, the p e o p le of
A rab ia and E gyp t shou ld take their place or b eg o th er co u n tries to
le n d th e s e r v ic e s o f th e ir o ffic e r s to c a r r y on P a k is ta n i
a d m in istratio n . Su ch a step w ill only em barrass the P ak istan is as a
w h ole b ecau se the A rab ic speaking p opu lation in this land is sad ly
n eg lig ib le . People d o not like even to think o f U rd u in the larger
in te re sts o f P ak istan . N ow is the tim e for B en g al to th in k o f its
fu tu re carefu lly and cool-m indedly.
A I-Q u aid, E n g lish W eek ly
D acca, Jan u ary 24, 1955.
>tfaci9f3i : 'Oto
^ c*t srr# w i ^ t.
'5iw m <n spg
U n stirred Q uestion by M rs. A nw ara Khatun, M .L.A .

1 2 2 (a ) w ill the H o n 'b le M in iste r-in -ch arg e o f the H om e D e p a rt
m en t b e pleased to state w heth er any boy aged 14 y ea rs n am ed
A sm a t A li S / O H ash em A li S ik d a r o f V illa g e M a g a r, P .S.
N alch iti, D istrict - B arisal, is now detained in D acca C en tral Jail?
-5iic-ww<i io s
(b) If the an sw er is in affirm ative, w ill the H o n 'b le M in ister be

also p leased to state
(i) the d ate of his arrest ;
(ii) the reason o f h is arrest ;
(iii) w h ether he h as got any bu llet injury in h is belly
(iv) how he has received the injury ;
(v) the date of his receiv in g the injury; and
(vi) the total nu m ber of tim es he w as produced b efo re the trying
M a g is tra te ?
C opy of U /O note dated 23.6.1952 from D.I.G. D acca Range
A sm at Ali w hose ag e is about 14 years received a bu llet injury in
the firin g in N o w abp u r Road on 22.2.52. T here w as no firing other
than th e tw o reffered to by the H orn? Secretary in h is n ote. It is
co rre ct th at he w as p ro d u ced on 14 o ccasio n s b u t th is h appen ed
b ecau se neith er his relation s or any other person offered bail or even
a p p lied for h is release on bail. T he P olice and the M agistrate w ere
very an xio u s to release him on bail becau se he w as a m inor and in
the end extraord inary step o f releasing on the surety of a co-accused
w as taken becau se n o o th er person cam e ou t to stand bail for him .
T h e ex am in atio n o f w itn esses in the case has not yet com m en ced
b eca u se on a few occasion s the su rety could not p rod uce the accused
and on the other o ccasions the w itn esses w ere present. T he next date
o f h earin g is fixed on 13.7.53.
Sd / A .Z . O b a id u lla h
D epu ty Inspector G en eral of Police
D acca R ange, D acca.
23.6.53
In tellig en ce Branch, E ast Bengal
7. W ise G hat Road
D acca, the 16th A pril, 1953.
N o. 5 644& 482-53 (B 'Sal)
To
H. R ah m an Esqr., P.S.P.
D eputy Inspector G eneral o f Police
H ead Q u arters, East B eng al, D acca.
R e f : Your No. 1215/ S dated 4.4.53 regarding unstirred question
o f A sm a t A li, son o f H ash em A li S ik d a r o f M a g a r, N a lch iti,
B a r is a l.
T h e re p lies are the follow ing :
(a) A sm at A li w as loged in the D acca C en tral Ja il as an accu sed
o f D acca K otw ali P.S. C ase N o. 21(2) 52 u / s 147/ 342/ 337/ 188/ 359
a n d w as bailed ou t 25.3.53.
(b) (i) H e w as arrested on on 10.3.52.
(ii) In co n n ectio n w ith the L an gu age a g itatio n o f 1952 w h en a
m o b ru sh ed to bu rn the Sangbad o ffice on 22.2 .5 2 , he as one o f the
m e m b e rs o f the m ob assulted E.P.R . p erson nel to sn atch aw ay th eir
fire arm s.
(iii) H e received one bu llet inju ry near h is P elvic region.
(iv) A s a result o f Police firing o n the m ob.
(v) on 22.2.52.
(v i) H e w as p ro d u ced b e fo re the try in g M a g istra te on 11
o c c a s io n s. C h arg e sh eet has b een su b m itted ag ain st him and the
c a s e is still su bju d ice.
Sd/T. A hm ed
for D .I.G . of P olice, In telligen ce B ranch
16.4.53.
O ffic e N otes :
T h e accu sed w as released on b ail from Jail on 25.3.53. H e is,
th e re fo re , no lo n g er d etained in Jail. T h e an sw er m ay, perh ap s, be
g iv e n now in the negatice.
Sd / 11le g ib le
25.4.53.
T h e A ssem bly has proroged and the queston is unstarred.

A n en tire ly n e g a tiv e rep ly b e g iv en a s the su bject has been
re le a s e d , bu t th at sh o u ld not p erh ap s be prop er. Draft as placed
b elo w m ay be approved.
2. T h is is ra th e r an e x tra o rd in a ry c a s e if really the ag e o f
A sm a t A li is 14 y ears. It d o es not g ive m u ch cred it to the trying
M a g is tra te or the P o lice if the b o y w as d eta in e d in the D acca
C e n tra l jail for m ore than one y ear and had to ap p ear at the C ourt
a s elev en tim es, b efo re h e w as bailed out.
D eputy Secretary
25.4.53.
'W 1 'W W tfT C H fl
T h is is a bad ca se and w e sh o u ld o b tain furth er d etails. T h ere

w as no firin g n ear San g bad office. T h ere w ere tw o firin gs on e in
N aw abp u r ordered by D .L.C . R ange and the other near the M ed ical
C ollege. W as he injured in one of those firings or in som e other firing
about w hich report m u st h ave been received . W as he hauled up in a
case alo n g w ith o th ers w ho w ere im p licated and arrested ? W hat
•<lago the case stand s? D id his parents or any one else offer bail and
it w as refu sed or n o b ail w as ottered at all? Full d etails o f the case
should b e obtain ed qu ickly. Did the M agistrate or P olice ack n o w
ledge the fact that he w as a m inor or m erely fail to n otice it?
W ill Inspector G eneral o f Police k in d ly su pply in form ation?
S e c re ta ry
27.4.53.
A C op y o f u/o n ote dated 23.6.53 from D .I.G ., D acca Range on the

su bject is placed below for inform ation of the G overnm ent.
for LG. of Police
29.6.53.
In th e c irc u m s ta n c e s sta ted in th e D .L .C 's n o te , the b o y
ap p aren tly is h im self responsible for his d eten tion so long, as none
of his relations w ould com e forw ard to bail him out.
2. T h e q u estio n reach ed the D ep artm en t on 31st M arch last,
w hile the accused person w as released from the Ja il on 25.3.53, that
is, b e fo re receip t o f the A sem bly q u estio n . A t the tim e or rep ly ,
w hich m ay now be given, he w ouuld o f cou rse be ou t of Jail. W e m ay
th erefo re reply to this unstarred qu estion as ind iacated in the d raft
(b elo w ).
C h ie f S e cre ta ry '
2.7.53.

H om e (Police) D ep artm en t
T he H on'ble M r. N urul Amin
T h e q u estio n (u n starred ) to b e asked by by M rs. A nw ara K hatun,

M .L .A . at th e c u rre n t se ssio n o f th e E ast B en g a l L e g is la tiv e
A ssem bly .
Q u e stio n : _ A nsw er
122(a) w ill the H o n ’b el M in ister in ch arge of No

th e H o m e D ep a rtm en t be p le a se d to state
w h eth er any boy aged 14 years nam ed A sm at
A li S/O H ash e m A li S ik d a r of V illa g e
M agar, P.S. N alch iti, D istric - B arisal, is now
d etain ed in D acca C en tral Jail?
(b ) If the an sw er is in affirm a tiv e, w ill the D oes not arise.

H o n 'b le M inister be also pleased to state
(i) the d ate of his a r r e s t :

(ii) the reason o f his arrest;
(iii) w h eth er he has got any b u llet injury in his belly ;
(iv) how he has received the inju ry;
(v) the d ate of receiving the njury; and
(vi) the total n u m b er o f tim es he w as p rod uced b e fo re the tryin g
M a g is tra te ?
A pproved
Sd/N urul Am in
3 1 .8 .5 3 .
G o v ern m e n t o f E ast B en g al, B P roceed in g s, B an g la d esh N a tio n a l
A r c h iv e s , P o lic e D e p a r tm e n t, B ra n ch - H o m e, B u n d le - 1 3 8 ,
Sep tem ber, 1953. P roceed ing No. 934.
T h e Islam ic R epublic o f Pakistan is an id eological d em o cratic State

b a sed on the d y n am ic id eo lo gy o f Islam and p ro g ressiv e so cia l
d em o cracy p ro p o u n d ed by Islam . Pakistan is the u niqu e and only
state in the com ity of states of w orld, w hich is g round ed on the one
an d o n ly fou n d ation of the sp iritu al unity given and granted to its
p eop le as free gift by Islam and the Lingua Franca o f U RD U . M inus
Islam and U rdu th ere is no o th er b asis of the u nity o f P akistan ,
b eca u se Pakistan, w ith its tw o regions o f E ast and W est sep arated
b y on e ihou sand m iles from each o th er, lacks ev en the territo rial
u nity w hich is regarded as the last and irred u cib le m inim um basis
^5T*IT ilK-W Md trfaFPRI
o f u nity of th e te rrito ria l, m aterial, eth nic, secu lar n a tio n -sta te s of
th e w orld . P a k ista n is essen tially a bro th erh o o d o f Faith and the
Faith fu l. Islam and U rd u are the tw o bonds of the unity o f Pakistan
w hich in teg rate, u nify and b in d to g eth er the d iv e rse region s and
p eop les of P akistan in th e one indivisible w hole of a M IL L E T and a
p o lity g ro u n d ed o n th e so v ere ig n ty o f A lla h -R a b b u l A lem een .
P a k istan in a very real sen se is the State o f sp irit an d m ind o f the
people. Pakistan is p re-em in en tly th e C om m on w ealth o f the soul.
A F ew Su bm ission to M em bers o f Pakistan C on stitu en t A ssem bly
b y R agh ib A hsan, E x-M .P . (India), D acca, July, 1954.
G o v e rn m e n t o f E a s t B e n g a l, B - P r o c e e d i n g s , B a n g la d e s h
N a tio n a l A r c h iv e s , P o l it i c a l D e p a r t m e n t, B u n d le N o. 13 9 ,
Febru ary, 1956, Proceed ings N o. 19-20.
nfeiei^nS t 'Ob’
H om e (P o ljce) D epartm ent R esolu tion
N o. 2148P1., dated the 3rd June, 1952.
R ead - G o v e rn m e n t N o tific a tio n N o. 9 4 3 - p i., d a te d th e 13th

M arch , 1952 statin g th at w ith regard to the firin g th at took place
at D acca on the 21st F ebru ary, 1952, an enquiry sh o u ld b e h eld by a
Ju d g e o f the D acca H igh C ou rt, to be nom in ated b y the H o n 'b le the
C h ief Ju stic e , to ascertain w heth er—
(i) th e firing by the P olice w as n ecessary; and
(ii) th e force u sed by the p o lice w as ju stifie d in th e circu m s
tan ces o f the case.
R e a d -T h e R e p o rt, d ated th e 27th M ay , 19 5 2 , su b m itte d by
the H o n 'b le M r. Ju stic e T.H . E llis, w ho w as n o m in a te d b y the
H on 'ble the C h ief Ju stice and appointed by G o v ern m en t to h old the
enquiry.
T h e G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast B en g a l are p le a se d to a ccep t th e
find ings o f the Enqu iring Ju d g e that-
(i) th e firing by the Police w as n ecessary;
(ii) th e fo r c e u sed by th e p o lic e w as ju s tifie d in th e
circu m stan ces o f the case.
O rd e re d th a t a copy o f th e R eso lu tio n be fo rw ard ed to th e
E n qu irin g Ju d g e, the H on ’b le Mr. Ju stice T. H. Ellis, for inform ation.
O rd ere d a lso that copy of the R esolu tion to g eth er w ith a copy
of th e rep o rt b e forw ard ed to th e C om m issio n er o f D acca D ivision
and the In sp e cto r-G e n e ra l o f P o lice, East B en g a l, for in fo rm atio n
and n ecessary action.
O rd e re d fu rth er that th e R eso lu tio n to g e th e r w ith the R ep ort
be p u b lish ed in an ex trao rd in ary issue of th e "D acca G azette".
A ziz A hm ed,
C h ie f Se cre ta ry .
ailfrWMd #!5f*13I
From
T h e H on'ble M r. Ju stice T.S. Ellis,
H igh C ou rt o f Jud icatu re,
D a cca ,
To
T h e C h ief S ecretary
to the G overnm ent of E ast Bengal,
D acca
D ated D acca, the 27th M ay, 1952.
S ir ,
I h av e the h o n ou r to su bm it, herew ith , m y rep o rt on the Firing
by the P olice at D acca on the 21st o f February, 1952, in p u rsuan ce o f
N o tificatio n N o. 943P1., D ated the 13th M arch, 1952, p u b lish ed in
the D acca G azette, E x trao rd in ary , dated the 13th M arch , 1952.
I have the hon ou r to be,

S ir ,
Your m ost obedient servant,
T .H . E llis.
R eport o f the E nqu iry in to the F iring by the P olice at D acca on the
2 1 st F ebru ary, 1952, in p u rsu an ce o f N o tificatio n no. 943p l., dated
th e 1 3 th M a rc h , 1 9 5 2 , p u b lis h e d in th e D a cca G a z e tte ,
E x tra o rd in a ry , d ated th e 13th M a rch , 1952, b y th e H o n ’b le M r.
Justice Ellis o f the H igh C ourt of Ju d icatu re at D acca.
1. O n the 31st o f Ja n u a ry , 1952, a C o m m ittee styled the "A ll
P a rty C o m m ittee o f A ctio n " w as fo rm ed in o rd e r to d ire ct the
a g ita tio n w h ich w a s b ein g ca rrie d on in E a st B en g a l for the
in clu sio n of B en g ali as a State L an gu age. T his C o m m ittee claim ed
to g u id e and co n tro l th e ag ita tio n and an n o u n ced th rou gh the
m e d iu m of th e P ress th at a m am m o th d em o n stra tio n w o u ld b e
staged in D acca o n the 21st o f F eb ru a ry , 1952 an d ca lled fo r a
co m p lete hartal on the date. T h e E ast B engal legislativ e A ssem b ly
w ould b e in sessio n on the 21st o f F ebru ary, 1952, an d the P rovincial
M uslim League C ou n cil h ad also'arran g ed to h old a m eeting on that
d a te. In th ese c irc u m sta n c e s the D istric t M a g istra te o f D acca
a p p re h e n d e d th at th e re m ig h t b e a b re a ch o f the p e a ce and
d istu rb ance o f p u blic tran qu illity in the city ; accord in gly at abou t 5
o 'clo ck in the aftern o o n of the p revio u s d ay, the 20 th o f Febru ary,
1952, h e duly p rom u lgated an ord er u nder section 144 of the C od e of
C rim in al P roced u re prohibitin g p rocessions, d em o n stration s and the
A ssem bly o f 5 or m ore persons in any public place or th orou ghfare in
th e c ity excep t w ith th e p rio r p e rm is s io n o f th e D is tric t
M agistrate. T he o rd er w as prom u lgated b y beat of d rum throu ghou t
the city ; a p u b licity van bro ad cast it th rou gh the m icro p h o n e and
co p ies w ere g iv en to th e variou s new sp ap ers. P olice a rran g em en ts
w ere m ad e to m eet the expected em ergency and by 7-30 a.m . on the
2 1 st o f F e b ru a ry , 1 9 5 2 , the C o n tro l R oo m w as m a n n ed and
d isp o sitio n s w ere m ad e of the P o lice F orces in a cco rd a n ce w ith
th ese arran gem en ts. R eports w ere received at the C on tro l R oom and
at the variou s P olice statio n s from an early hour in the m orn in g that
a tte m p ts w ere b ein g m ad e to en fo rce the h artal b y clo sin g d ow n
sh o p s, in terferin g w ith v eh icu lar traffic and co m p ellin g p assen gers
to d ism o u n t from b u ses, taxis, rick sh aw s an d h ack n ey ca rria g es,
T h ro u g h o u t th e d ay the situ atio n d eterio rated and u ltim ately the
P o lice o p en ed fire at 3-20 p.m . at M ed ical C o lleg e g a te w ith the
re s u lt th a t o n e p erso n w as k illed on the sp o t and th ree o th ers
su b seq u en tly su ccu m b e d to the in ju ries they received . O n e of the
p erso n s killed w as a stu d en t nam ed A bul Barkat.
2. O n T h u rsd a y , M arch 13, 1952, a n o tifica tio n , b ein g N o ti
fica tio n N o. 94 3 -p l., dated the 13th M arch, 1952, w as p u b lish ed in
the D a cca G azette, E xtrao rd in ary o f the date. T h e n o tificatio n is in
the follo w in g term s :
"W ith regard to the firing b y P olice that took place in D acca on
th e 2 1 st F eb ru a ry , 1952, the G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast B en g al h a v e
d ecid ed that an en q u iry should be held b y a Ju d g e o f the D acca
H ig h C o u rt to be n o m in ated b y the H o n 'b le the C h ief Ju stice. T h e
te rm s o f referen ces o f the enquiry are as follow s :
To enquire and report -
(i) w h eth er the firing by the P olice w as necessary, and
(ii) w h eth er the force thus used by th e P olice w as ju stified in
th e circu m sta n ces o f the case or w h eth er it w as in ex cess o f th at
n ecessary to resto re order.
The en q u iry sh all be held in cam era. T h e E n q u irin g Ju d g e m ay
at h is d isc re tio n p erm it A d vo cates to assist him in th e co n d u ct of
the enquiry.
T h e en q u iry sh all start on a d ate to be fixed by the en q u irin g
Ju d g e and shall be com pleted as so o n as possible."
•3. T h e n o tificatio n recited th at the G o v ern m en t o f E ast B en gal
had d ecid ed th at the en q u iry sh o u ld b e held b y a Ju d g e o f the
D a cca H ig h C o u rt n o m in a te d b y th e H o n 'b le C h ie f Ju s tic e .
T h ereafter, I received a copy o f an o rd er, dated the 17th o f M arch ,
1952, from h is E xcellen cy the G o v ern o r o f E ast B en g al, d irectin g
that 1 should hold the enquiry. T h e order runs as follow s :
"H is Excellen cy the G overnor o f East Bengal is pleased to d irect
the H o n 'b le M r. Ju stice T.H . E llis, a Ju d g e o f the H igh C o u rt of
Ju d icatu re at D acca to hold an en q u iry into the firin g by the P olice
at D acca on 21st F ebru ary, 1952, as required u nd er N otification N o.
943-P I., dated the 13th M arch, 1952.
A.O . R aziu r R ahm an
Secretary to the G o vern o r o f East Bengal"
4. O n receip t o f the o rd er I issued the follow ing n otice :

N o tic e
"S ta te m e n ts in w ritin g , p re fe ra b ly ty p e w r itte n , o f fa c ts
relev ant to the firing by the P olice at D acca on the 21st o f February
1952, a re in v ited fro m m e m b ers o f the p u b lic, m em b ers o f the
U n iv ersity , stu d en t g ro u p s or o rg a n isa tio n s from the P ro v in cia l
G overnm ent and any other parties concerned.
T h e sta tem e n ts sh o u ld b e a cco m p an ie d by a list o f th e fu ll
nam es and ad d resses of the w itnesses cited in their support.
T h e statem en ts sh ou ld be ad d ressed to the H on 'ble M r. Ju stice
E llis at the H igh C o u rt, D acca and sh ou ld reach him on or b efo re
the 31st M arch, 1952."
T .H .E llis ,
Ju d g e, H igh C ourt, D acca.

2 0.3.1952.
T h e n otice w as given w id e publicity by pu blication in the P rovincial

new spap ers and by broad cast an nou ncem ent over Radio Pakistan.
5. T h e n o tice in v ited statem en ts in w ritin g from p erso n s in a
position to sp eak to facts relev ant to the firing by the Police on the
21st February, 1952. In all I received 28 com m u nications and o f those
28 com m u nications one related to the even ts o f the 22nd o f February,
oTOT ^rU^rFrra ‘rlqoi'TS
1952, w h ic h d id n o t fa ll w ith in th e scop e o f m y en q u iry a n d

th e refo re did n o t call fo r co n sid eratio n . E leven o f th e co m m u n i
catio n s w ere received from persons w ho thou ght th at the firing by
the P o lice w as n o t w arran ted by the circu m stances o f the case. T w o
o f th e c o m m u n ic a tio n s cam e from the co n v e n o r o f the A ll-P arty
State L an g u ag e co m m ittee and from the actin g G en era l Secretary ,
E a st P a k is ta n Y o u th L e a g u e r e s p e c tiv e ly . T h e y fo rw a rd e d
re s o lu tio n s o f th o se a sso cia tio n s a n n o u n cin g th at they did n o t
p ro p o se to take part in the enquiry in as m uch as they objected to its
sco p e an d lim itatio n . A n an o n ym o u s p etition p u rp o rtin g to co m e
from th e stu d en ts and p u blic com p lained that the stud en ts' lead ers
and the lead ers o f the p u blic w ho w ere aw are o f the m aterial facts
had b e e n kept in ja il an d thus w ere n o t in a position to m ake any
sta te m e n ts relev an t to the Police firing. O ne co m m u n icatio n w as a
letter sign ed by one Sy d u l H uq o M ym ensingh w ho asked m e to send
h is le tte r to th e P ress fo r p u b licatio n . It a p p ea red th at he w as
lab o u rin g u nd er a person al grievance, had a private axe to grind and
w as a n x io u s fo r a little free and safe p u blicity. O n e statem en t in
B en gali, d ated the 28th M arch, 1952, w as received from a stud ent of
D acca C o lle g e by n am e M ohd. A bd u l M atin , bu t h e su b sequ en tly
w ith d rew in a letter o f the 9th A pril, 1952 that statem en t on b eh a lf
of h im s e lf and the w itn esses he had cited. A statem en t w as sen t by
o n e A k ta ru d d in , P re s id e n t o f th e A ll E ast P a k ista n M u slim
S tu d e n t’s L eag u e, 24 S.M . H all, D acca, on the 27th of M arch, 1952.
It d id n o t reach m e till the 1st o f A pril 1952, one d ay after the d ate
a p p o in ted for the recep tion of statem ents. I accep ted it, h ow ever, as
it h ad b e e n d esp atch ed on the 27th o f M arch , 1952. It co n tain ed the
su rp risin g statem ent th at a w ritten ord er to fire w as handed over to
the P o lice o fficials from a private car from B urdw an H ouse. It w as
a cco m p a n ie d by a le tte r ex p ressin g the stu d en t's m o rtifica tio n at
the lim ite d sco p e o f th e en q u iry an d th eir a p p reh en sio n th at it
w o u ld p ro v e im p o ssib le-o r had b ee n m ade im p o ssib le for m e to
g a th er th e true facts o f the occurrence.
6. T h e p rincipal statem en t o f the com m u n icatio n s w ho objected
to th e P o lic e firin g w as receiv ed from o ne D ew an H arun M d.
M u n iru d d in , a stu d en t o f the Jag an n ath C ollege, D acca. He w as the
o n ly p e rso n w h o cla im e d to have p erso n ally w itn essed the P olice
firin g . H e su b m itted o n e sta tem e n t on the 21st M arch , 1952, in
w h ich h e g av e the n a m es o f the 5 w itn ess but follow ed it up tw o
d a y s la te r by a n o th e r sta tem e n t, d ated the 23rd of M arch , 1952,
-5FTI aiU'trMMd
sh o rte r “but su bstan tially on the sam e lines - in w hich h e added the
nam es o f 17 more witnesses.
7. S ix te e n s ta te m e n ts w ere re ceiv ed fro m p e rs o n s w ho
co m p lain ed that they had b een th e v ictim s o f law lessn ess on the
part o f the stud ent-bod y on 21st Febru ary, 1952. Som e o f them w ere
b u s c o n d u c to rs, d riv e rs an d rick sh a w s, w h o h a d a p p a re n tly
g athered the im pression that one o f the functions of the enquiry w as
to asses dam ages and aw ard com p en sation to persons w hose vehicles
h ad b een d am aged . T h e p rin cip al statem en t in ju stifica tio n of the
firin g w as th at su b m itted b y the G o v ern m en t o f E ast B en g al to
w hich a list o f 21 p erson s w as attached as w itnesses in a p osition to
g iv e ev id en ce m aterial to the enquiry.
8 . I co n sid ered it d esirab le to secu re the sta tem en ts of all the
p erso n s w h o se nam es had been g iv en in the v a rio u s sta tem en ts
su bm itted and accordingly had notices issued requiring or requesting
th em to atten d the e n q u iry for th a t p u rp o se. T h e a d d re sse s
proved insu fficien t to reach 8 o f the person s w hose n am es had been
given and so no n otice cou ld be served upon them . Sev en o f those
w h o a ctu a lly d id n o tice d id n o t p u t in an a p p e a ra n ce . T h ey
rep lied eith e r d eclin in g to give ev id en ce or ex p la in in g th at they
w ere n ot in a position to give any evid en ce m aterial to the scop e o f
the en quiry.
9. T h e G o v ern m en t n o tifica tio n o f the 13th m a rch , allo w ed
m e at m y d iscretion to p erm it A d vocates to assist m e in the con d u ct
o f th e e n q u iry . M r. H a m o o d u r R ah m a n a p p e a re d w ith m y
p erm ission on beh alf o f certain o f the G overnm en t officers concerned
in the enquiry. N o other A d vocate applied for p erm ission to appear,
n o r did an y o th er p arty ask to be rep resen ted by an A d v o cate.
Th ough the G overn m ent o f East Bengal had su bm itted a statem ent,
it d id n o t co n sid e r itse lf a p arty to th e en q u iry an d w as n o t
leg ally re p rese n te d . At m y re q u e st, h o w ev er, M r. Sy ed A b d u l
G h an i ap p e a red as ap p o in ted by G o v ern m en t to assist m e in the
enquiry.
10. T h e hearing in cam era sh o u ld have co m m en ced on the 7th
A pril, 1952, b u t on that d ate it p roved im p o ssib le to exam in e any
w itness as certain prelim in ary arran g em en ts w ere not com p leted in
tim e. Tire exam in ation of w itnesses actu ally com m enced on the 8 th
of A pril.
11. W itn e sse s w hose statem en ts w ere in s u p p o rt of th e P olice
cla im th a t th e firin g w as ju stifie d and w as to in e x c e s s w ere
ex am in ed on the 8 th, 9th , 10th, 15th, 16th , 17th and 18th o f A pril,
i.e., for 7 d ays. W itn esses w h o se n am es fig u red in the sta tem en ts
d isa p p ro v in g o f the firin g w ere exam in ed on the 2 1 st, 22 n d , 24th ,
25th , 2 6 th , 28th and 30th of A p ril, i.e., for a sim ila r p erio d o f 7
d ays. A fte r th e statem en ts of th e w itn esses had been record ed tw o
d ays w ere taken up in argu m en t. M r. H am oo d u r R ah m an p resen ts
the case for h is clien ts on M ay 2nd and M r. Abdul G h an i argued his
ca se on M ay 3rd . A fte r the en q u iry w as c o n c lu d e d , a lth o u g h
fam iliar w ith the top og rap h y of the scene of th e firin g I v isited the
lo cality to re fre sh m y m em ory as to th e p o sitio n and lie o f the
bu ild in g and land m arks figuring in the enquiry and to see for m yself
the b u llet m ark s on the M edical C ollege hostels.
12. W itn e s s e s ' s ta te m e n ts re c o rd e d in th e e n q u iry m ay
co n v e n ie n tly be d iv id ed into 5 classes. T he first cla ss c o n sists of
official w itn esses-1 to 21, and w itness No. 36, A sh ra f A li W ah id i, a
p h o to g rap h er attach ed to the firm o f m essrs. Z aid i & C o., w ho took
p h o to g rap h s at the in stan ce of the P olice after the o ccu rren ce w as
over.
W itn ess N o.
Mr. M d. Id ris, P.S.P., S.P ., D acca 1
Mr. S.H . Q u ra ish i, C .S .P ., D istrict M agistrate, D acca 2
Mr. A.Z. O b aid u llah , D .I.G ., D acca R ange 3
Mr. M d. Sid d iq u e Dew an. D .S.P., C ity, D acca 4
Mr. N u ru d d in A h m ed , S.D .O ., Sadar, Sou th D acca 5
M r. M a so o d M a h m o o d , P .S.P ., A d d itio n al S .P ., C ity ,
D acca, 6
M r. N a b i S h e r K h an , th en R .I., 2n d , D acca, N ow R .I.
F arid p u r 7
Mr. Y u su f, Sp ecial S u p erin te n d en t o f P olice, I.B ., E a st
B en g al, D acca. 8
In sp ector o f Police, B arisal. 9
Mr. M ir A sh rafu l H aq, Inspector of Police, D .D ., D acca 10
Mr. J. D 'M ello w , Inspector o f Police, D acca 11
The H o n 'b le M r. H asan A li, M in ister-in -ch arg e o f C .B .I
D epartm en t, G o v ern m en t of E ast Bengal, D acca 12
M r. Sy ed A bd u l M ajid , D irector o f L and R eco rd s and
Su rveys, East B en g al, D acca. 13
M r. A u lad H o ssain K han, P arliam en tary S e cre ta ry to
H on'ble M in ister, C iv il Su p p lies, G overn m en t o f
E ast Bengal, D acca 14
Dr. A ltafu d d in A hm ed , C ivil Surgeon, D acca 15
M r. A bdu r R aham an, Su b-D ep uty M agistrate, D acca 16
M r. M .A . Ja b b a r, In sp e cto r of P o lice, L alb ag h C ircle
D acca. 17
Dr. H ab ib u d d in A h m ed , P ro fe sso r o f M id w ifery and
G yn eco lo g y, M ed ical C ollege, D acca. 18
D r. A hm ed H o sa in , E le c tro -T h e ra p is t a tta c h e d to
M ed ical C o lleg e H osp ital, D acca 19
Dr. H am m ad u r R aham an, M ed ical P ractitioner, D acca 20
D r. S h a ik h A bdus S h a k o o r, M e d ic a l P r a c titio n e r ,
D acca, 21
M r. A s h ra f A li W a h id i, P h o to g ra p h e r a tta c h e d to
M essrs Zaid i & C o. ' 36
13. T h e seco n d cla ss o f w itn esse s co n sists o f the 3 U n iv ersity

O ffic ia ls :
Dr. S.M . H ossain, V ice-C h an cello r, D acca U n iversity 35
Dr. I.H. Z u beri, D ean o f the Facu lty o f A rts, and H ead
of th e D e p a r tm e n t of E n g lis h , D acca
U n iv e rsity 37
D r. M .O . G h an i, P ro v o st, S a lim u lla h M u slim H all,
D acca 38
14. T he T hird C lass of th e w itnesses consists o f 10 Stu d en ts residing

in the M ed ical C ollege Hostel an d 3 o f them bein g outsiders.
T h e Students are W itn ess No.
A bdul M alik • 42
Sa fiu d d in C hou d hu ry 47 .
H u rm at Ali 50
M d. G olam Z u lfiq u ar 52
A m in ur Raham an 53
R afiqu r Raza C h o w d h u ry 54
Syed A bdul M alik 60
o T ^ l 'o u c ' * t I « i c ' ( 4
and the th ree o utsid ers are

A h sa n u llah , resid en t o f S alim u llah M uslim
O rp h an ag e, D acca
Saikh M d . A bd u l H ye 62
D ew an H aroon M d. M aniru d din 64
.15. T h e 4 th class of the w itn esses m ay be d escrib ed as w itn esses

h ailin g from the M ed ical C ollege. O f th eir N u m b er, Fou r are
Dr. Z in n u r A hm ed C haudhury 39
Dr. A bu l M asood Khan M ajlis 40
Dr. N aw ab A li 41
Dr. A b d u s Sam ad K han C hau d hu ry 55
T h ree o f the w itnesses are n urses, viz Sister M iss Eliza
K u ru a la 43
M iss N u r Jeh an Begum 44 and
M iss Pulu C osta 48
Five o f the w itn esses are W ard bo ys and A m bu lan ce atten d an ts, viz.
W itn ess N o.
D eed ar Bux 45
M o h am m ed M ian 46
S e k a n d e r A li 49
M u slim K h an 59, and
R am zan K h o n d k ar 61
W itn e s s N o. 51, A b d u s S a tte r D ew an is co n n e c te d w ith

th e M e d ica l C o lle g e H o sp ital b ein g is A c co u n ta n t an d w itn ess
N o. 6 3 , M r. E k h la s U d d in A h m ed is a re p re se n ta tiv e o f th e
firm o f K h o n d k a r & C o ., C o n tra c to rs to th e M ed ica l C o lle g e
H o s p ita l.
16. T h e 5 th and the 1 st cla ss o f w itn esse s co n sists o f th ose
p erso n s w h o m ay b e co n v e n ie n tly grouped to g eth er as w itn esses
b elo n g in g to the public.
T hey a re W itn ess No.

M ir M uslim , Bus d river 22
M ansur, bus conductor 23
OTO ‘Tplel’ ra
Sona M ian, rick sh aw p u ller 25

Pear Bux, rick sh aw p u ller 27
Faku M ian, rick sh aw p u ller 29
K ala C h a n , rick sh aw p u ller .30
N aw ab M ian rick sh aw p u ller 31
A sh rafu dd in , rick sh aw p u ller 32
A bd u l H am id , rick sh aw p u ller 33
W itn ess N o. 26, K h airu llah , is a rick sh aw passenger.

In this class also com e -
Dr. A. M usa A. H aq, a m edical practition er 24
M r. M d. K am al, M .A . at present unem ployed 28
M r. A bd u s Satter, A T echn ician o f the A.P.P. 34
M a til Is la m , an a s s is ta n t in th e C .L . a n d I.
D e p a rtm e n t, G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B e n g a l,
D acca 56, and
Mr. N o o r M oham m ed , an assistant in the A ir C u stom s
O ffice, T ejgaon, D acca, 57
17. T h e w itn esses w ho w ere rep rese n te d by M r. H am o o d u r

R ahm an had alread y had their statem en ts record ed and these w ere
prod uced as each o f the w itnesses p resen ted h im self at the en quiry.
As it w as th o u g h t ad v isab le to d o so , each of the w itn esses w as
e x a m in ed afresh b y M r, H am id o or R ah m an and w as then cro ss-
exam in ed by M r. G hani. W hen the w itn esses w ho had been cited in
d is a p p r o v a l of th e firin g p re s e n te d th e m s e lv e s th e y w e re
q u estio n ed b y th e p re sid in g o ffic e r first o f a ll and w ere th en
q u estioned by M r. A. G han i and M r. H am ood ur R ahm an in turn. It
m ay b e a d d ed th a t n o n e o f the w itn ess d ep o sed on oath as the
en q u iring o fficer had no pow er to ad m in ister an oath to any person
appearing as w itn ess in the enquiry.
18. It m ay be here observed that the w itnesses w hose evid en ce is
really m aterial in this en q u iry are the 8 official w itnesses, 6 P olice
O fficers :
W itn ess No.
M r. M d. Id ris, P.S.P., S.P ., D acca. 1
M r. A. Z. O baid u llah , D .I.G ., D acca-R an ge 3
Mr. M d. Sid d iq u e D ew an, D .S.P ., City D acca 4
Mr. M o h a m m ed Y u su f, S p e c ia l S u p e rin te n d e n t o f
P o lice, I.B., East B en g al, D acca 8
Mr. A b d u l G ofran, then o fficer in C harge, Lalbagh P.S.
D acca, N ow In sp ecto r o f Police, Barisal 9
Mr. M ir A sh rafu l H u q, In sp e cto r o f P olice, D etectiv e
D ep artm en t, D acca, and tw o M agistrates 10
Mr. S.H . Q u raish i, C .S .P ., D istrict M ag istrate, D acca 2
Mr. N o o ru d d in A h m e d , S .D .O . Sad ar, S o u th , D acca
an d n o n -o fficial w itn esses 5
Mr. M d. K am al, M .A ., 28
D ew an H aroon M d. M aniruddin 64
T h e se are the o n ly w itn esses w ho claim actu ally to h ave seen

the P o lice firin g. T h e ev id en ce o f the oth er w itn esses is im portan t
only in so far as it is o f assista n ce in assessin g the situ a tio n as it
d ev elo p ed from the early m o rn in g o f the 21st o f Febru ary up to the
tim e w h en the P olice actu ally opened fire at 3-20 p.m.
19. W ith re g ard to the in cid e n ts in the m o rn in g the P o lice
w itn e sse s cla im e d th at the d ay o p en ed w ith in te rfe re n ce writh
‘v eh icu lar traffic in the U n iv ersity area from 7-30 a.m . T h e P olice
h ad a n tic ip a te d th a t th e h a rta l d ecla re d fo r the 2 1 st F eb ru a ry
w ould so o n lead to tro u b le in th e U n iv ersity area an d had m ade
a rra n g em en ts to fa ce the em erg en cy . A ccord ingly the P olice forces
took up th eir p o sitio n s acco rd in g to the arran g em en ts p rev io u sly
m ad e b y 7 -3 0 in th e m o rn in g , M r. S id d iq u e D ew an , C ity D .S.P.,
D acca b ein g d etailed for duty in the U niversity ground. M r. M asood
M ah m o od , th e A d d itio n al Su p erin ten d en t o f P olice, C ity , w ent out
on h is ro u n d s an d v isite d th e P o lic e O u tp o sts fro m th e ea rly
m orn in g. In th e U n iv ersity area he saw that stud en ts w ere stopping
v e h icu la r tra ffic, fo rcin g p a sse n g e rs to alig h t from b u se s, taxis,
rick sh aw s and cars and the tyres of those con veyan ces w ere deflated
in o rd er to p rev en t them from bein g used su bsequ en tly. T h e Police
officers interven ed in o rd er to keep traffic m oving and w ere abused
in filthy lan g u ag e and in p articu lar the A d d ition al S.P ., C ity , w as
m ad e th e ta rg e t o f the stu d e n ts' attack . T h e S u p e rin te n d e n t of
P olice, M r. Id ris, a t 7-45 a.m . receiv ed in fo rm atio n th at a la rg e
n u m b er o f stu d en ts had co llected insid e and ou tsid e the U niversity
'S illW M C H d F f e ’ ta
prem ises and the M ed ical C ollege H ostel com p ou nd an d they w ere
co m p ellin g d rivers o f v eh icles to stop and p assen g ers to aligh t in
o rd er to en fo rce the d eclared h artal. T h e S u p erin te n d en t of Police
hurried to this trou bles sp o t at 8.15 in the m orn in g and found that
the stu d en ts w ere actu ally using violence in o rd er to sto p veh icu lar
tra ffic as had b ee n rep o rted to him . The S.P. trie d h is b est to
d issu ad e the stud ents from carrying on these activ ities b u t he found
that h is p ro tests w ere n o t having any effect and as h e an ticip ated
trou ble he station ed P olice in that p articu lar area. A t 9 a.m . at the
U n iv ersity g ate he h ad in position th e D .S.P., C ity , o n e In sp ector,
o n e S u b -In sp e c to r, o n e S e rg e a n t, tw o head co n sta b le s and 14
co n stab les arm ed w ith lathis. A t the M ed ical C o lle g e gate h e had
one head co n stab le, and 10 co n stab les o f the S.A .F ., and near the
S a lim u lla h M u slim H all he h ad o n e head c o n s ta b le , and 10
con stables and the con stables w ere arm ed.
20. A t about this tim e people began to co llect in the U n iversity
com pound in driblets, sm all groups of students and outsiders filtering
into the com p ou nd u ntil by 10 a.m . a large nu m ber o f persons had
assem bled in the U niversity com p ou nd and p rep aration s w ere being
m ad e for a m eeting. T h e situ ation by 10 a.m . had b eco m e so tense
th at a m essage w as se n t to M r. Q u raish i, the D istrict M ag istrate,
and h e im m ed iately p ro ceed ed to the U n iv ersity gate. W h en h e
reached the spot, M r. Q u raish i fou nd that a very large crow d had
gath ered at the gate and in sid e the U n iversity co m p o u n d w hich
w as in d u lg in g in ab u se o f the P o lice and p re p a rin g for a m ass
d efian ce of the ord ers u nd er section 144 o f the C od e. M r. Q u raish i
g ot th e R eg iste r o f th e U n iv e rsity to te le p h o n e to th e V ic e -
C h a n cello r, ask in g for the U n iv ersity au th o rities to p ersu ad e the
stu d ents n o t to violate the o rd er u nd er section 144, Cr. P.C. Shortly
a fter the arriv al o f th e D istrict M a g istra te, the V ice-C h a n cello r,
to g eth er w ith Dr. Z u b eri and Dr. G h an i had arrived on the scen e.
T h e D istrict M ag istrate M r. Q u raish i, req u ested them to p rev ail
from in terferen ce w ith traffic on the pu blic h igh w ay and to refrain
from violating section 144 of the C od e o f C rim inal P rocedu re. W hen
the V ice-C h a n cello r ap p ro ach ed the stu d en ts w h o se n u m b er he
e stim a te d at 1,000 o r so, at firs t th ey ask ed him to led th e ir
p ro cession in v iolatio n of the ord er. H e proposed that they m igh t
hold a m eeting pass a resolution and then disperse. T he students m et
th is p ro p o sa l w ith a req u est fo r him to g iv e th em a lead in th e
m a tter an d p resid e o ver the m eeting. H e did not agree. But h e said
h e w a s p re p a re d to a sso cia te w ith th em if th ey gave h im a
g u a r a n te e th a t th ey w o u ld behave p e a c e fu lly and d is p e rs e
p e a c e fu lly a fte r the m eetin g . T h e g u a ra n te e w as n e v e r g iv en
th ro u g h so m e o f the le ad in g s tu d e n ts tried w ith o u t su cce ss to
p re v a il u p o n the g en eral body o f stu d en ts. The V ice-C h a n cello r
re fu se d to a cc e p t th e stu d e n ts s u g g e s tio n th at h e sh o u ld a ct
a cc o rd in g to the d ecisio n o f the m eetin g . It w as ab u n d an tly clear
th at th e stu d e n ts w ere in no m o o d to liste n to an y re a so n a b le
su g g estio n s and had obvio u sly m ad e u p th e ir m ind s to v iolate the
ord ers u nd er section 144 of the Code.
21. T h e m e e tin g w h ic h w a s h e ld in sid e th e U n iv e rsity
co m p o u n d b ro k e up at abou t 11 a.m . T h e stu d en ts, then "terrib ly
ex cited " acco rd in g to D r. Z u beri, took p o ssessio n of the U niv ersity
g ate an d acco rd in g to the statem en ts o f the V ice-C h an cello r and his
tw o co lle a g u es they beg an to em erg e from the gate in sm all batch es
o f 5, 7 or 10 at a tim e in order to co u rt arrest b y the Police. The Police
w itn e sse s sta ted that they ca m e o u t in b atch es o f 25 or 30. T h e
U n iv ersity au th o rities stated that the stu d en ts w ent o u t of the gate
as th e ir n a m e s w ere called from a ro ste r-list in a n o te b o o k - a
c irc u m s ta n c e w h ich e sta b lish es b e y o n d d o u b t that th e "m eetin g"
w as m e r e ly a sp e c io u s p re te n se , th e stu d e n ts h a d m a d e all
p re p a ra tio n s befo reh an d for th eir d efian ce o f sectio n 144 and had
selected th e n am es of the stu d en ts w h o w ere to defy the ord er and
had a rra n g e d the o rd er in w hich p articu lar stu d en ts w ere to leave
the U n iv e rsity p rem ises for that p u rp o se. As the stu d en ts em erged
th rou g h th e U niversity gate the P o lice arrested them - ign orin g the
girl s tu d e n ts - and indeed som e o f the stu d en ts o f th eir ow n accord
clim b ed in to the v eh icles w hich w ere to co n vey them to the P olice
s ta tio n s . In all 91 p e rso n s w ere a rre ste d and by th at tim e all
a v a ila b le a cco m m o d a tio n in the P o lic e v eh icles h ad b een filled
up an d th e P o lice w ere in the em b a rra ssin g position o f n o t bein g
ab le to r e m o v e any m o re p e rso n s u n d e r arre st. S e n sin g th is
em b a rra ssm en t the crow d becam e m o re truculent and beg an to throw
b r ic k b a ts at th e P o lic e . The P o lic e h ad to m ake fu rth e r
a rra n g em e n ts in the d isp osition o f their forces. Som e con stables had
to be se n t in o rd er to esco rt the stu d en ts w ho had been arrested. T he
'0|IC’*r|eK»Hl l i f t e d
A d d itio n al S.P., C ity, w as sent to the A ssem bly H o u se in o rd er to

guard the sam e as it w as reported th a t the stu d en ts in ten d ed to
stage a m arch on the A ssem bly H ouse and a gas squad w as brou gh t to
the U n iversity gate. A t this tim e the d isp ositio n o f the P olice force
w as as follow s :
A t the U n iv ersity g ate one In sp ecto r, one S u b -In sp e cto r, o n e
head co n stable, 6 co n stab les of the S.A .F ., on e had co n stab le and 4
co n stables arm ed w ith lath is and 14 co n stab les o f the gas squad. At
the M e d ica l C o lle g e g ate th ere w as the D .S .P ., C ity , o n e head
co n stab le and 10 co n stab les o f the S.A .F . A t the A ssem b ly H ou se
co rn er th ere w as th e A d d itio n al S.P ., C ity , 3 S e rg e a n ts, one su b
in sp ecto r and 2 head constables and 18 co n stables arm ed , one head
con stable and 4 constables w ith lathis and one head con stable and 6
constables o f the gas squad.
22. A fter the arrest o f 91 o ffen d ers w ho violated section 144 of
the C od e there w as a gen eral rush from the U n iv ersity com p ou nd .
T h e m ob b eg an to run in the d irectio n o f the A ssem bly b u ild in g s
sh outin g slogan s su ch as "R astra Bhasa Bangla C hai", P olice Z ulum
C h alb e N a". Its m em bers w ere inform ed by the S.P. an d the D istrict
M agistrate that they co n stitu ted an u nlaw fu l assem b ly and u nless
they d isp ersed force w ould be used to d isp erse them . They did not
d isp erse and so the P olice fired gas shells and threw gas grenades in
o rd er to d isp erse them . T he resu lt of the gas a tta ck w as th at the
stu d en ts scattered only to reassem ble in the M ed ical C olleg e area
and on the o th er sid e of th e S e cre ta ria t R oad in the U n iv ersity
playground . The stu d en ts could pass from the U n iversity com pound
area in to th e M ed ical C o lle g e co m p o u n d area b e c a u se the w all
w h ich sep arate s the tw o at that tim e w as b re a ch ed and it w as
p h ysically possible to pass from o n e co m p ou n d to the other w ithin
the U n iv ersity area w ith o u t co m in g o u t on the S e cre ta ria t Road.
T h e g as attack tem p o rarily d isp ersed th e crow d b u t by that tim e
the A d d itio n al S.P , C ity , M r. M asood M ahm ood h ad alread y been
in ju red , a jee p had been sm ashed and there w as in term itten t brick
b attin g on the Police force from th e U n iversity prem ises and from
the M ed ica l C ollege area. T h e situ a tio n w as regard ed as serio u s
en o u g h to call for the p resen ce o f the D ep u ty In sp ecto r-G en eral of
P olice, D acca R ange, M r. A .Z . O baid u llah . H e arrived on the spot
a t a b o u t 1 p.m . T h e re he m et th e D istric t M a g istra te and the
sTCT ■3|IC'*TI=1t'l<l * r { q q , T 3
Su p erin ten d en t o f Police and found that a crow d w as collected on the

road in fro n t o f the U n iv ersity and the M ed ical C o lle g e exten d in g
a lm o s t u p to th e A sse m b ly H o u se. W a rn in g s b y th e D istric t
M a g is tr a te , the D e p u ty In s p e c to r-G e n e ra l of P o lic e a n d the
Su p erin ten d en t o f P olice w en t u nh eed ed and the cro w d in ten sified
its a tta ck on the P o lice and sh o w ers o f b rick b a ts w ere h u rled at
th em . W h e n d isp e rse d b y gas a tta c k s , th e y m e re ly re tre a ted
te m p o ra rily in to th e U n iv e rsity a re a - T h e ir "s a n c tu a ry " and
g a th e re d fo r a fresh atta ck . It a p p eared th at th e fo cu s o f the
tro u b le w as at the g ate o f the M ed ical C o lleg e and acco rd in g ly in
w as d ecid ed to co n cen trate the P o lice force at the M ed ica l C ollege
gate, w h ere it appeared to be m ore urgently need ed . B etw een 2 and
2-30 p.m . the situation d eveloped m o re serio u s and the P olice w ere
forced to take sh elter b eh in d the sh o p s on th e w estern sid e o f the
S e cre ta ria t R oad. A m e m b er o f the L eg islativ e A sse m b ly , M au lvi
A u la d H o ssa in , w as a c tu a lly in te rc e p te d on h is w ay to the
A ssem bly and w as forced to d rive in to the M ed ica l C o lleg e H ostel
com p ou nd . He was com p elled to sig n a paper that B en g ali should be
o n e o f th e S ta te L a n g u a g e - an d , u n d er th re a ts, th at h e h ad
w itn essed lathi ch arges w ere bein g m ad e and h ad seen the inju ries
on so m e boys though as a m atter o f fact he h a d .n o t d o n e so. He h as
u nab le to co m e out u ntil 9 p.m . A t ab o u t th is tim e also the D .S.P.,
C ity, M r. M d. Sid d iqu e D ew an, w as m an han d led an d o n e o f the tw o
d eterm in ed lath i ch arges w h ich took place o n the aftern oo n o f the
21st F eb ru ary w as m ad e to effect his rescu e from the h an d s o f the
crow d . T h e-P olice m ad e repeated use o f tear g as g ren ad es an d sh ells
b u t th e e ffe c t p ro d u ced w as n o t la stin g and th e m o b q u ick ly
re c o v e re d the in itia tiv e . T h ey p la y e d w h at o n e w itn e s s h a s
d e sc rib e d as a "cat an d m o u se" g am e w ith th e P o lic e , p u t th e
gren ad es and shells o u t of action by p ou rin g w ater u pon them and
then co n tin u e d th eir a tta ck s on the P o lice and p a sse rs-b y w ith
sh ow ers o f brickbats.
2 3. It w as at this stag e that the H o n 'b le M r. H a sa n A li p assed
by th a t w a y in his c a r on his w ay to the A ssem b ly to g eth er w ith
M a u lan a A b d u llah - al-B aq u i, M .L .A ., M .C .A .- P re sid e n t o f th e
P rovincial M u slim L eague, who w as travelin g w ith him in the sam e
car. Th e c a r w as stop p ed by the crow d and pu t put o f a ctio n by
h av in g the tyres d eflated . Tw o y o u n g m en g ot in to the car, one by
'3|KrVTMM<J
the left d oor, the other b y the right door. They w ished th e H on'ble
M in iste r an d his co m p a n io n to g o w ith th em in to th e M ed ical
C olleg e H osp ital and pressed them hard. H is co m p an io n got out of
the car in o rd er to do so , bu t the H on'ble M inister and h is ord erly
pu lled him b ack into the ca r as he co n sid ered it high ly unsafe for
him to go as so m any b rick b a ts w ere flying abou t the place. Th e
Police pu t the H on'ble M in ister and his com p anion into a Police car
and d rove them o ff to the A ssem bly H ouse. But the H on 'ble M inister
w as in ju red on his head by a brick as the Jeep d rove aw ay. By this
tim e the P olice has su stain ed a co n sid erab le n u m b er o f casu alties
a n d th e D .I.G ., the D istric t M a g istra te , the S u p e rin te n d e n t o f
P olice and the A d d itio n al Su p erin ten d en t o f P olice, C ity , had all
b een in ju red w ith Brickbats. O th er m em bers of the P olice force had
also su stain ed in ju ries b u t they Were carry in g on in sp ite o f that
h a n d ic a p .
24. It w as about this period from 3p.m . onw ard s that the Police
found the situation w as slip p in g beyond their control. A second and
last d eterm in ed lathi ch arge w as m ad e by the Police at 3p.m . on the
m ob on th e Road. T his tim e how ever, the lathi ch arge did not have
the d esired e ffect and the P olice fou nd that in stead o f the m ob
fallin g b ack they th em selves had to fall back as they cou ld not face
the h eav y sh o w ers o f b rick b a ts rain ed upon them . A cco rd in g to
estim a tes o f the D istrict M ag istrate and P olice O fficia ls, the m ob
at th at tim e co n sisted o f o v er 5,000 m en. It w as clo sin g in on the
Police force from tw o sid es, from the U niversity playground corn er
and from the M ed ical C o lleg e H o stel, in a m en acin g fash io n and
fin d in g th at the P olice party w as in d an ger o f b ein g en circled and
o v e rp o w e re d , the d is tric t M a g istra te , the D .I.G . and the S.P .
agreed th at the situ ation w as so d esp erate that it w as necessary to
open fire. As a last resort a final w arning w as given bu t as this had
no effect, u nd er the d irectio n o f the D istrict M agistrate an d under
the d irect o rd ers of the Su p erin ten d en t o f P olice, the Police party
fired u p o n th e rio ters. T h e firin g p arty c o n siste d o f 3 head
co n sta b le s and 30 co n sta b le s who- fo rm ed a sq u a re on the road
betw een the M ed ical C olleg e g ate an d the M edical C ollege H ostel
gate. Five m en on each flank faced the U n iversity ground and the
M edical C o lleg e H ostel in a k n eelin g positio n . Th e rest rem ained
fa cin g th e n o rth -w e s t. T h e D .I.G 's re c o lle c tio n o f th e e x a c t
^ ftt 'aiu-mctwa
form ation d oes not agree w ith that o f the S.P. - but as the S.P. w as
in a ctu a l co m m an d his reco llection is m o re likely to be accu rate.
O th er m e m b ers of the P olice P arty and the S.P . h im s e lf took up
their p o sitio n insid e the squ are. The S.P. ordered the tw o flanks to
fire o n e rou nd each and they did so . T h e m ob on th e U n iv ersity
p la y g ro u n d sid e fell b a ck , b u t the m od on th e M e d ica l C o lleg e
H o stel s id e h alted m o m en ta rily an d a g a in ad v a n ce d th ro w in g
b rick b ats. A nd then the S.P. ord ered the flan k facin g the M ed ical
C ollege H o stel to open fire a second tim e. As soon as the m ob on this
sid e b eg an to fall back bu t the Su p erin ten d en t o f P olice ord ered the
"cea se fire ." A fter the firing th e am m u n itio n w as ch e ck ed and it
w as fo u n d that 27 ro u n d s in all h ad b een fired. F iv e to w ard s the
rioters on th e U niversity playground sid e and 22 roun d s tow ard s to
the rio ters on the M ed ical C olleg e H o stel side. A t the tim e o f the
firin g o n e m an d ro p p e d d ead n ear th e co rn e r o f th e U n iv ersity
ground and w as rem oved to the hosp ital in an am b u lan ce b u t as the
rioters w ere still in an excited and tu rbu lent m ood, it w as im possible
for the P o lice to d isco v er w hat w ere the casu alties on th e M ed ical
C o lle g e sid e . It w as u ltim ately d isco v ere d th at th ere w ere n in e
ca su a lties a s a result o f the firing, o f w hom three w ere stu d en ts and
six o u tsid e rs. Tw o d ied in th e h o sp ital that nig h t a t a b o u t 8 p.m .,
one b ein g a stud ent and a third su ccu m bed to his in ju ries d urin g the
co u rse o f th e enquiry. Even after the firin g the crow d d id n ot stop
th ro w in g b ric k b a ts - a m icro p h o n e w as se t up in th e M ed ical
C o lleg e H o stel com p ou n d and fiery speeches w ere m ad e ag ain st the
G o v ern m e n t and the Police. B lood stained clothes w ere d isp layed to
the crow d to keep its excitem en t high. A nd the Police had to m ake a
lathi ch a rg e to prevent an o th er concerted rush on th e A ssem bly at 4-
3 0 or 5 p.m.
25. Mr. H am m oo d u r Rahm an has co n ten d ed that the statem en ts
o f th e P o lic e o ffic e r s w ith regard to the d e v e lo p m e n t o f th e
situ a tio n in and aro u n d the U niversity area have b een corrob orated
b y th e e v id e n c e of th e w itn e sse s o f the U n iv e rsity itself. T h e
w itn esses, n a m ely , the V ice-C h an cello r, Dr. Z u b eri and Dr. G h an i
w ere in a p o sitio n to co rro b o rate the p o sitio n insid e the U niversity
com pound an d to speak o f the excitem ent and com m otion am ongst the
s tu d e n ts alth o u g h they did n o t see w h at w as h ap p en in g ou tsid e on
th e ro a d , sa v e o n th e ir v isits to the U n iv ersity gate. T h ey did
■® T31 • S | I C '* r W H < * f f t e T !T 3
a d m it, h o w e v e r, th at co m p la in ts w ere m ad e to th e m by the

o fficials that brick b ats w ere bein g throw n from the U n iv ersity area
and those brick b ats bad actually injured personnel o f the Police force
and had dam aged som e of the Police transport. D r. Z u b eri (W itness
No- 37) was questioned w ith regard to the brickbats :
Q u estion no. 140 - "P lease try to rem em ber if y ou had noticed
w h eth er w hile th ese arrests w ere bein g m ad e an y b rick b a ts w ere
com in g from the U n iversity com p ou nd and hit P o licem en and the
je e p ".
A nsw er - "W hen the arrests w ere being m ade I d o n o t think any
brick bats w ere throw n".
Q u estion N o. 1 4 1 - "L ater?"
A n sw er - B u t a fter firin g o f th e te a r g as sh e lls th e P o lice
co m p lain ed to the V ice - C h an cello r th at the b rick b a ts had b ee n
throw n to them ."
Q u e stio n N o. 142 - "W as an y a ttem p t m ad e by the V ice -
C h a n cello r to a scertain w h eth er b rick b ats w ere th row n from that
place across the railin gs?"
A n sw er - "I do n o t th ink that the V ice-C h a n cello r m ad e any
attem p t to find that out. B ut I think som e brick b ats w ere throw n. I
w as outsid e the railings. I tried to d issu ade the stu d en ts m yself that
they should now throw any brickbats. I rem em ber that very w ell."
26. A lth o u g h th e V ic e -C h a n c e llo r an d D r. G h a n i did n o t
them selves see any brick b ats bein g throw n , yet the V ice-C h an cello r
in an sw er to qu estion s 59, 64 and 245 ad m itted that h e saw brickbats
on the streets w hen h e cam e out of the U niversity and in an sw er to
q u estio n N o. 2 4 6 h e a d m itte d th a t as h e le ft th e U n iv e rsity
b rick b a ts fell n ea r h im an d cau sed him h u rrie d ly to lea v e th at
p a rticu la r p lace. T h e d o cto rs w h o gave e v id en ce also sp ea k of
seeing brick b ats scattered about on th e road as they en tered or left
the p rem ises o n th eir d u ties. W itn ess N o. 39, D r. Z in n u r A hm ed
C h a u d h u ry , N o. 40, Dr. A bul M aso od K h a n m a jlis, N o. 41, Dr.
N aw ab A li, and all the m ale n u rses, n am ely , N o. 4 6, M oham m ed
M ian, No. 49, S e k an d er A li m ade m ention o f brick b ats in the course
of th eir statem en ts and so does w itn ess No. 63, Ekhlasud d in A hm ed,
a C o n tracto r’s rep resen tativ e. T h at brick b ats w ere throw n and w ere
to b e fou nd sca tte red ab o u t th e street is also ap p aren t from the
p h o to g ra p h s ex h ib ited an d from the statem ents o f w itn esses w ho
belo n g to th e class of the gen eral pu blic, the bus d riv ers, the doctors,
the rick sh a w a la s w ho w anted to claim co m p en satio n for d am age
don e to th e ir vehicles (W itnesses No. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33 and 34). Perhaps even m ore im pressive is the statem ent of
w itn ess N o. 24, Dr. A. M usa A. H uq, a m edical p ractition er o f D acca,
w ho d ep o se d that h e w as stop p ed on his w ay to atten d a p atien t
w hile d riv in g in his car p ast the M ed ical C ollege. H e sp o k e of the
su d d en sw ellin g o f the crow d at that particular ju n ctio n , the crow d
b ein g co m p o sed o f b o istero u s elem e n ts and he also sp o k e o f the
b ric k b a ts b ein g throw n at the P olice. T h is D octor is a g en tlem an
w h o se w o rd there is n o reason to d o u b t and if h is sta tem e n t is
a ccep ted as true then certain ly at 2 p.m . the situation in front o f the
M ed ical C ollege gate w as serious.
27. It h as been su gg ested by M r. G h an i that as a m atter o f fact
the in cid en ts prior to the firing by the P olice have been exaggerated
an d the num bers o f the crow d m agnified in order to give a veneer of
tru th to the P olice sta tem e n ts that they w ere in d a n g e r o f b ein g
o v e rw h e lm e d . It w as su g g e ste d for ex am p le the crow d in the
U n iv ersity an d the M ed ical C o lle g e areas has b een estim a ted by
the P o lice w itn esses as b ein g som e w’hat 4,000 or 5 ,000 stron g w hile
a c c o rd in g to the V ic e -C h a n c e llo r the to tal n u m b er of U n iv ersity
stu d e n ts is only 2,500. It is claim e d th erefore that ev en if the w hole
bo d y o f students and M ed ical C ollege H ostel bo ard ers w ere involved
in the d istu rb an ces the n u m b er falls sh o rt of the estim a te given by
th e P olice. It is also claim ed that only tw o o u tsid ers, M r. Sham su l
H u q a n d M r. Oli Ahad w ere m ention ed as having been seen w ithin
th e U n iv e rsity are a o n th at m o rn in g . The high o ffic ia ls o f the
U n iv e r s ity , the V ic e -C h a n c e llo r , D r. Z u b eri a n d D r. G h a n i,
a c c o r d in g to th eir o w n s ta te m e n ts e stim a te the cro w d in the
U n iv ersity p>recincts at ab o u t 1,000 and Mr. G hani p o in ts ou t that
th ey s a y th a t after the m eetin g w as o v e r a large n u m b er o f the
p e rso n s w ho had attend ed th e m eetin g disp ersed p eacefu lly. The
ran ks o f the stud ents th in n ed out and som e m erely listened to the
m e e tin g and left sh o rtly th ereafter. It is also p ointed o u t that the
P olice raised no o b jectio n a t all to th ese stu d en ts w ho w ished to
leav e an d a llo w e d them to d o s o and therefore if the U n iv ersity
o f f ic ia l s fig u re o f 1 ,0 0 0 is a p p r o x im a te ly c o r r e c t and if a
■$TOT '0|IC'*WM<! ‘tP l«19 r 3
co n sid e ra b le n u m b er o f th ese d isp erse d p e a c e fu lly , th en it is

d ifficu lt to accep t the P o lice fig u re of 4,000 to 5 ,0 0 0 at abou t 1-45
p.m . T h is arg u m en t, h o w ev er, d o es n o t really ca rry co n v ictio n
because the Police opened fire at 3-20 p.m . and it is possible that the
crow d au gm en ted in th e in terv al betw een the te rm in a tio n o f the
m eeting and the actual firing. Indeed it the evid en ce o f P.W . 28, Mr.
M oh am m ed K am al b e b elie v ed - that w ould see m to b e w h at
actu ally h ap p en ed and as h as alread y b een n o tice d - it w as n ot
d ifficu lt for stu d en ts and o u tsid ers to pass from o n e p art o f the
U niv ersity and the M ed ical C o lleg e com p ou n d to a n o th er w ith ou t
com ing out on the road at all. A nd that there w ere o u tsid ers w ithin
the U n iv ersity co m p o u n d at th is p a rtic u la r tim e a d m its o f no
d ispute on the statem ents o f w itnesses and on the casu alty lists.
2 8. T h e V ic e -C h a n c e llo r sp o k e o f th e s tu d e n ts as b e in g
"E x a sp erated " a fter the P o lice u sed tear g as on th em and it is
perhaps not w ithout sign ifican ce that one w itness N o. 55, Dr. A bdus
Sam ad K han C h au d h u ry , A ssistan t Su rg eo n in the Ear, N ose and
Th roat D epartm en t stated that after he had heard the ex p lo sio n of
the first g as attack to d isp erse the stu d en ts, they w ere excited and
sh ou ting and h e told the R esid en t Su rg eo n that they m ig h t exp ect
trouble. In an sw er to the P resid ent's enquiry as to w hy h e expected
trou b le, the w itn ess stated that as a resu lt o f h is ow n C a lcu tta
experien ces in 1947 he knew that w hen stu d en ts’ excitem en t clashed
w ith the P olice, trou ble alw ay s b ro k e ou t and the stu d en ts really
w ere very ex cited . A s a re su lt , of h is C a lcu tta e x p e rie n ce s he
exp ected a large nu m ber o f casu alties. T h at this really w as so is
show n by the fact that he told the R esid en t Su rgeon to d raw up a
list o f d octors to cope with the influx o f cases w hich he expected.
29. It h as b een su g g ested th at the U n iversity au th o rities w ere
am iss in that they failed to take step s to ch eck o u tsid ers from the
U n iv e rsity p re m ise s and to c lo se U n iv e rsity g a tes. T h e V ice-
C han cello r stated that any attem p t to rem ove outsid ers w ould have
w orsened the situ atio n an d an in v itatio n to the Police to en ter the
prem ises o f the U niversity to rem ove the o utsid ers would have only
com p licated m atters. He w as su pported by his co lleagu es w ho also
stated th at no such step s w ere p o ssib le and it w as not phy sically
p ossible to close the gates b ecau se the stu d ents w ere in com m and of
the g ates.
30. It h as also b een su gg ested by M r. G h an i that the P olice did
n o t h an d le the situ atio n p rop erly from the ea rlier stages and w hen
they saw th at the U n iv ersity are w as proving a focus o f trou ble on
that p articu lar day, p erh ap s the P olice o fficers cou ld h ave avoid ed
the firin g by assem blin g a large P olice force on the spot, or sh u ttin g
it o ff b y a co rd o n . T h is d oes n o t seem to b e a very co n v in cin g
arg u m e n t. O b v io u sly , th e P o lice arra n g e m e n ts to d eal w ith any
p o ssib le trou ble h ad to co v er the w h o le city and n ot any p articu lar
area an d the P olice m ig h t w ell co n sid er that it w ould h a v e b een
in v itin g d is a s te r e ls e w h e re to d e n u d e the re st o f th e city o f
necessary Police forces in order to concentrate th em in the U niversity
a re a .
31. T h is, h o w ev er, is not really the q u estio n w h ich arises for
d eterm in a tio n in th e en q u iry . W h a t has to b e d ecid ed is w h eth er
w ith the P o lice force av ailab le at the sp o t at 3-20 p.m . on the 21st
of F eb ru ary, firing cou ld have b een avoided.
32. O n the P olice sta tem e n ts it is th eir c a s e th at the situ atio n
rap id ly d e te rio ra te d an d alth o u g h the P o lice ex p e n d ed a h u g e
q u a n tity o f tear g as firin g in a ll 39 gas g ren ad es and 72 tear gas
shells they w ere by 3 p .m ., not in a p o sitio n to co p e w ith the riotous
m ob that kept assem b lin g and reassem blin g in fro n t o f the M ed ical
C o lleg e gate and in th e co m p o u n d an d , a cro ss th e ro a d , in the
U n iv ersity playing gro u n d . It is o n ly too o b v io u s that the stu d en ts
regard ed the U n iversity com p ou n d , the M ed ical C ollege com p ou nd
an d the H o stel area as "sa n ctu a ry " fro m w h ich th ey co u ld w ith
sa fety sa lly o u t and a tta ck the P olice. T h is is p erh a p s th e reason
w hy the stu d en ts w h o h av e m ad e sta tem e n ts all claim that they
w ere in sid e th e co m p o u n d b e h in d the ra ilin g s en g a g ed in th eir
peaceful pursuits.
33. It w ill at this p o in t be ap p ro p riate to qu o te the statem en ts of
the o fficial w itn esses w ith regard to the p o sitio n of the Police force
at 3-20 a n d w ith regard to the n ecessity for firing on the crow d.
34. M r. Id ris w as q u estio n ed w ith regard to the situ atio n a t the
tim e w hen he open fire as follow s :
Q u estio n N o. 75 - "N ow to retu rn to the d eterm in ed lath i ch arge,
w o u ld you tell m y L ord w h at w as th e e ffe ct of the lathi
ch arg e?"
3PTI trlqq‘:>ril
A nsw er - "the lathi ch arge failed co m p letely. In stead o f the crow d

reced in g and stop p in g b rick b attin g they started ad vancing
w ith m ore sh o w ers o f brickbats, m ainly from tw o directions,
fro m the U n iv e rsity Play G ro u n d co rn e r an d from the
M ed ica l C ollege h o stel side."
Q uestion N o. 76 - "W hat w ould be y ou r estim ate of the crow d , you
say , advancing from these d irections?"
A nsw er - "Five to six thousand"
Q u estion N o. 77 - "W h at w as the stren g th o f the P o lice Force at
th a t p lace at that tim e?"
A n sw er - "In all at that tim e there w ere 3 head co n sta b le s, 30
co n stab les o f the arm ed branch, tw o head co n stab les and 14
c o n s ta b le s o f th e g as sq u a d , o n e In s p e c to r an d tw o
S e rg e a n ts."
Q u estion N o. 78 - "W hen the crow d w as ad van cin g, you said that
lath i ch arg e had n o effect. W ou ld you tell m y Lord w hat
steps did you con sid er necessary at this tim e?"
A nsw er - "The crow d w as ad vancing w ith sh ow er o f b rick b ats and I
had to co m e w ith arm ed forces and pu t th em in p osition .
W h en the Situation cam e to su ch a pass that w e w ere being
alm ost encircled and overp ow ered , I consu lted the D.M . and
th e D .I.G . w h o had all a lo n g b ee n p re s e n t th e re. W e
decid ed to open fire."
Q u estion N o. 79 - "C ould you tell my Lord how fire w as opened by
you and under w hose com m and?"
A n sw er - "F irin g w as done u nd er m y com m and . I pu t m y m en in
p osition and form ed them in flank s o f 5 m en each facing the
U n iversity ground corner and M ed ical C ollege H ostel side. I
ord ered m y m en on both flanks to fire one round each. They
did so. T h e crow d near the U n iv ersity p lay g ro u n d , at the
co m e r o f the U n iversity p layg ro u n d - w as held b ack and I
found one m an dropping dow n there, but the crow d from the
M ed ica l C o lle g e H o stel sid e fell b a ck m o m en ta rily and
ag ain advanced tow ards us w ith heavy, sh o w er of brickbats.
I o rd ered the 5 m en in the flu n k to fire a volley o f rounds.
T hen I ordered them to stop as so o n as I saw this m ob falling
back. I ordered ’cease fire’ and then checked up am m unition
and found that in all 27 rounds w ere fired."
'S l l W r U 'i s v r lJis i^ n s
Q u estion N o. 80 - "P rior to th e open ing o f th e fire w as an y w arning

given to the crow d ?"
A n sw er - "Y es, w e w arned them repeated ly."
Q u estion N o. 81 - To C o u r t : "W ho gave th e w arning?"
A n sw er - "W e all."
Q u estion N o. 82 - "W hat do you m ean b y ’all'?"
A n sw er - "D .I.G ., D .M . and m yself all w arn ed them and u ltim ately
firin g w as opened ."
Q u e stio n N o. 83 - To M r. H. R ah m an : "W ould y ou g iv e us the
ap p ro x im ate tim e o f the firin g ?"
A n sw er - "At about 3 p.m ."
Q u estion N O . 84 - "W hat w as the e ffe ct?"
A n sw er - "O n e m an d ro p p e d d o w n , th a t w as a t the U n iv ersity
p layg ro u n d ."
Q u estion N o. 85 - "W h at w as furth er ca su a lty ?"
A nsw er - "W e could not ascertain th at.”
Q uestion No. 86 - "W hy not?"
A n sw er - "B eca u se th e attitu d e of the m ob w as v ery v iolen t. To
m a k e any a tte m p t to re co v e r th e d e a d an d th e in ju red
p erso n s from am o n g st the rio ters w o u ld h ave b een a severe
fig h t. T h at w as m y re a d in g o f the situ a tio n a t th at tim e
b eca u se even a fte r th e fir in g th r o w in g o f b r ic k b a ts
continu ed ."
Q u e stio n N o. 87 - "Y ou h a v e said th at a fter the seco n d firin g the
m o b fell back and you see any in ju red person in the street?"
A nsw er - "N o."
Q u estion N o. 88 - "W hat h appened to th at p erson w ho d ied ?"
A nsw er - "The dead body w as rem oved b y am bu lance."
Q uestion N o. 89 - "By w hom ?"
A nsw er - "I could not tell you."
Q u estion N o. 99 - "Y ou hav e told m y L o rd the situ atio n in w hich
y o u opened firing. W ould you n o w tell m y Lord w hat would
b e the .result had you not ordered open firin g?”
A n sw er - "H ad I n o t o p en e d firin g a ll th e fo r c e s co u ld h av e
o v erp o w ered ."
■®T*n 'S)K^MM<5
Q uestion N o. 91 - "It is y o u r case then that firing w as n ecessary for

y ou r protection and for the protection of your force?"
A n sw er - "T h at was m y o bject ; oth erw ise firing w o u ld h av e been
d o n e long ago It w as only w hen w e w ere bein g overpow ered
w e fired to save ourselves."
Q u estion N o. 305 - "In o ne w ord, M r. Id ris, is it not a fact that the
firin g w as rath er ex cessiv e an d w as n ot ca lle d for by the
ex ig en cy of the situ ation?"
A n sw er - "T h e firin g w as n o t ex c e ssiv e . T h e firin g w as m o st
essen tial. U nless w e opened fire I w ould n ot h av e b een here
to g ive ev id en ce tod ay. I h ad tw o altern a tiv es b efo re m e,
eith er to run aw ay w ith m y force o r to allow m y self to be
o verru n and killed ."
35. T he D istrict M agistrate (w itn ess N o. 2) w as also qu estion ed in

the sam e m a n n e r:
Q u estion N o. 59 - "A t abo u t 3 p.m . w hat w ould b e you r estim ate of
th e cro w d th a t w as c o lle c tin g th ere ro u n d a b o u t the
crossing?"
A n sw er - "T h e crow d w as spread o ver - it m ust h a v e b een about
5 ,0 0 0 ."
Q u estion N o. 60 - "H ave you got any idea of the stren g th o f Police
force to d eal w ith the situ ation there?"
A n sw er - "T h e total stren g th o f the P olice force w as 50 - som e of
them w ere arm ed and som e o f them w ere w ith tear gas."
Q u estion N o. 61 - "P lease tell m y Lord w hat steps you took?"
A n sw er - "W e tried to d issu ad e the crow d from throw ing brick bats
b u t all th at failed . So m e P o licem en w ere m an h an d led by
the crow d . Still w e w ere tryin g to keep the crow d aw ay
from the gate by co n tin u ed lathi ch arge w h en ever possible
and in doing so the nu m ber of casu alties on the sid e of the
P olice, w as m o u n tin g u ntil the p o sitio n b ecam e su ch th at
lathi ch arg e w as d on e bu t it did not have any effect on the
crow d . It rather in creased the casu alties on ou r side. U se of
te a r g as also h ad n o e ffe c t, an d a ctu a lly at o n e sta g e
sh o w ers h ad beco m e so in ten siv e that the Police party had
b een collected and pu t near the sh ops in o rd er to h ave som e
«T3T '®IK,,TI«1CH<J t f f e n s
p ro tectio n ag ain st the m issiles and b rick b ats. T h a t w as a ll

h ap p en in g after 3 p.m . b u t even in this p o sitio n th e cro w d
w o n 't sto p , they ad v an ced a g a in on th e s p o t w h ere th e
P o lice w as posted and cam e w ithin the strik in g d istan ce a n d
co n cen trated their sh ow er of brick bats."
Q u estion N o. 62 - "W h at did the P olice d o then?"
A n sw er - "A lm o st the cry w as th at th e P o lice p a rty m ig h t b e
o v erw h elm ed . A ll efforts to k eep the m ob a w a y h ad b e e n
ex h au sted . O u t attem p t to keep a b it aw ay from th e cro w d
ag ain becam e fruitless. W e d iscu ssed the situ atio n - D ep u ty
In sp ecto r-G eneral, the Su p erintend ent of P olice an d m y self -
an d w e w ere strongly o f op inion that firing had to b e o p en e d
; o th e rw ise the P o lice party w o u ld b e o v erw h e lm e d , th is
w as a b o u t q u arter past three. W e ag ain d ecid ed th at th e re
m u st be a final attem p t to d isp erse the crow d by d eterm in ed
la th i ch a rg e and w e did so. O u t m en h ad a d v a n ce d , th e
lath i ch arg e failed because b efo re w e cou ld co m e in c o n ta c t
w ith th em w e w ere alm o st littered w ith sto n e s an d th e
P o lice party w hich w as now p osted on the road found its e lf
in an aw fu lly hop eless position, th e crow d seein g this a g a in
co n v e rg e d and started brick battin g w ith in creased sev erity .
T o m eet the situ atio n , in m y o p in io n , there w as n o w ay le ft
to d isp erse the crow d or to ex tricate the P olice force fro m
b ein g o v erw h elm ed excep t by o p en in g fire. T h e S.P. a sk e d
m e for perm ission and I gave perm ission for open in g fire.
Q uestion No. 6 3 - "U nder w hose com m and this firing w as started ?"
Answ er - "T h e ord er was m ine and the com m and w as o f this S .P ."
Q u estion N o. 6 4 - "D o you know in w hich d irection the firin g w a s
o p en e d ?"
A nsw er - "T h e firing w as against tw o form ation s o f the cro w d , o n e
to w a rd s the cro ssin g in fro n t o f the h o sp ital g ate an d th e
o th e r to w ard s the gate and the road in fro n t o f the M e d ica l
C o lle g e H o stel."
Question N o. 65 - "D o you know how m any rounds w ere fired ?"
A nsw er - "A fte r firing w as o ver I w as told that 2 7 roun d s h ad b e e n
fire d in all. I m u st m e n tio n h e re th at w h ile firin g w a s
o rd e re d it w as stop p ed after h ard ly an y round h ad b e e n
fire d to see if it w as su fficient to d isp erse the crow d b u t th e
crow d cam e a g ain ."
'S i k -i t m h s i b o
Q u estion N o. 66 - " T o co u rt : "U n d e r w hose ord ers w as the firing

stoop ed , you rs or the S.P .s?"
A nsw er - "S .P .'s. A few round s m ore w ere fired. T his 27 includes all
the round s fire d ."
Q u estion N o. 67 - T o M r. R ahm an : "P rio r to g iv in g th e ord er o f
firin g, did y ou g iv e any w arnin g? R epeated w arn in g s w ere
g iv e n by m e an d o th e r P o lic e o ffic e rs to th e crow d to
d isp erse and to keep aw ay from the Police or firin g w ill be
d one".
Q u estion N o. 68 - "D id you n o tice an y casu alties as a resu lt o f the
fir in g ? "
A nsw er - " I noticed only o ne at the co m e r o f the U niversity groun d ."
Q u estion N o. 69 - "W h a t happened to th a t?"
A nsw er - "It was being rem oved by m em bers o f the crow d and put in a
v an w h ich w as there or it cam e from so m ew h ere— I do n ot
exactly rem em ber-after the firing w as o p en e d ."
Q uestion N o. 70 - "W h a t did you do after the firing had b een opened
'cease fire' had been ord ered ."
Q uestion N o. 71 - "D id you rem ain on the spot or you w ent anyw here
e ls e ? "
A nsw er - "W e w ent to the A ssem bly bu ild ings having b een sent for."
Q uestion N o. 153 - "D id you order firing for d isobeying section 144 or
for protection o f Police or for b o th ? "
A n sw er - " I o rd ered firin g to save th e P o lice fo rce from b ein g
o v e rw h e lm e d ."
Q u e stio n N o . 154 - "T h e y so u g h t y o u r p e rm issio n to fire for
p ro te ctin g , th e m selv es fo r sa v in g th e m selv es from b ein g
o v e rw h e lm e d ? "
A nsw er - " I w as m y self seeing the p osition o f the P olice."
Q uestion N o. 155 - "D id they seek orders from y ou ?"
A nsw er - "Y e s ."
Q uestion N o. 156 - To c o u r t: "W h o sought ord ers?"
A n sw er - "T ire S.P. told m e that the situ atio n w as su ch that the
P olice party w as alm ost at the p o in t of b ein g overw helm ed.
1 fou n d the p o sitio n exactly so , a n d I w as satisfied th at
firing h as to b e ord ered ."
«T*T(
36. T h e n th e D epu ty In sp ecto r-G en eral of P olice, (W itness N o. 3)

w as Q u estion ed -
Q u e stio n N o . 20 - "In th is situ atio n w hat w as the a ctio n that w as
tak en by th e P o lice?"
A n sw er - "F in d in g th e situ a tio n g ettin g a lm o st out o f co n tro l a
d eterm in ed lathi ch arge w as ordered at about 3 p .m ."
Q u estio n N o. 21 - "W h a t w as the effect o f the lathi ch a rg e ?"
A n sw er - " T h e crow d fell b ack but reassem bled again and show ered
b ric k b a ts ."
Q u estio n N o. 22 - " In w h ich p articu lar d irectio n s or p lace w as the
m o b co n cen trated at that point of tim e?"
A n sw er - " T h e m o b co n cen trate d in the M ed ical C o lle g e H ostel
com p ou nd and in the U niversity p laygroun d ."
Q u estion N o. 23 - "H a v e you any idea of the strength of the crow d ?"
A nsw er - "It m u st h av e been about 5 to 6 th ou san d."
Q u e stio n N o. 24 - "F in d in g the lath i ch arge not h av in g an y effect,
d id y o u do an y th in g else?"
A nsw er - "W e w ere b y th is tim e com p letely surrounded and w e took
s h e lte r beh in d th e sh o p s n ea r the M ed ical C o lle g e H ostel
g ate. T h e S .P . form ed up his m en and to o k firing p osition. I
w a rn e d th e M o b th a t .u n le ss they sto p p ed h u rtin g th e
P o licem e n w ith b rick s they w ill be fired u pon."
Q u estion N o. 2 5 - "D id that h av e any effect?"
A nsw er - " It h ad no. effect. The crow d started ad v an cin g tow ard s us
th ro w in g b rick b a ts w h ile ad v an cin g ."
Q uestion N o. 2 6 - "T h e n w hat did you d o ?"
A nsw er - "A b o u t th is tim e the S.P. in con su ltation w ith m e and the
D is tr ic t M a g istra te an d a fte r sh o u tin g the fin al w arn in g
o rd ered the o p en in g of fire."
Q uestion N o. 2 7 - "U n d e r w hose com m an d or o rd er the firin g w as
d o n e?"
A nsw er - "T h e firing w as d o n e u nd er the d irect su p erv isio n of the
S u p erin te n d en t o f P o lice."
Q u estio n N o. 2 8 - "A n d w ere you satisfie d th at the firin g w as
Ju s tif ie d ? "
■smr -aiK^MWd
A n sw er - " I w as satisfied that h e w as g iving the co rrect ord er for

firin g ."
Q uestion N o. 29 - "W h ere you th en ?"
A nsw er - " I w as betw'een the S.P. and D. M. and other o fficers."
Q uestion N o. 30 - "In w hich d irectio n did the firing take p lace?"
A nsw er - "In the d irectio n o f the M ed ical C ollege H o stel and the
U niversity p lay g ro u n d ."
Q u estion N o. 31 - "C o u ld you g iv e my Lord an idea o f the ex a ct
p o sitio n in w hich the firin g p arty w'as form ed u pon the
ro a d ?"
A nsw er - "It w as form ed up in front of the shops in tw o lines facing
the opposite d irection at an angle w ith the sh o p s."
Q uestion No. 32 - "A t that p o in t o f tim e did you co n sid er the firing
n ecessary ?"
A n sw er - "M o st essen tial. O th erw ise the P olice party w ould have
been overw h elm ed ."
37. W itn ess N o. 4. the C ity D .S.P., w ho w as m an h an d led by the

crow d w as question -
Q uestion No. 30 - "D o you know how m uch tear gas w as used?"
A n sw er - "T h re e o r fo u r tim es tear g as w as u sed b e fo re the
U n iv e r s ity c o m p o u n d an d M e d ic a l C o lle g e H o ste l
com p ou nd -several tim es tear gas w as u sed ."
Q u estion N o. 31 - "W h a t h appened after th at?"
A n sw er - "T h e situ ation w as grave and the ag itato rs cam e from all
d irectio n s and brick bats cam e like sh o w ers and w e had no
p la ce to take sh e lte r and m any P o lice o fficers in clu d in g
co n stables w ere injured. The situation w as so grave that the
D .M . passed order to open fire."
Q uestion No. 32 - "W h o ordered the firing?"
A nsw er - "D . M ."
Q uestion N o. 33 - "W a s the firing o p ened ?"
A nsw er - "Y e s."
Q uestion No. 34 "W h a t w as the time w hen firing w as o p en ed ?"
A nsw er - "A t about 3-30."
Q uestion No. 35 - "W h ere w ere you when firing w as op en ed ?"
Answ'er - "I w as b etw een the M edical C ollege gate and the M edical
C ollege H ostel gate, just in front o f the sh o p s."
Q u estion N o. 36 — "N o t behind the sh o p s?"
A n sw er — "In front o f the shops o n the road."
Q u e stio n N o. 37 — "Y ou know in w h ich d irection th e firin g w as
o p en ed ?"
A n sw er — "In all d irectio n s the firin g w as opened — o n e to w ard s
th e U n iv e rsity p la y g ro u n d and an o th e r to w a rd s th e
M ed ical C ollege H ostel com p ou nd ."
Q u e stio n N o . 38 — "D id you n o tice any casualties as a resu lt o f the
f ir in g ? "
A n sw er — "A ctually I saw one m an dropping down ju st in front o f the
U n iv ersity ground. I did n o t see any other casualty."
Q u e s tio n N o . 39 — "D id the P olice try to ascertain w h a t w a s the
ca su a lty after firin g?"
A n sw er — Y es, w e tried but it was not possible for us to d o so, to get
into the com pound."
Q u e stio n N o. 40 — "W hy do you say it w as not possible fo r you?"
A n sw e r — "B ecau se still a fter the firin g w as opened th e stu d en ts
w ere insid e the H o stel co m p ou n d and the M ed ica l C olleg e
com p ou nd . T h ey w ere still there and throw ing b rick b ats."
Q u e stio n N o. 130 — "A nd this condition o f the mob, as y ou say, you
fou nd at about 3, and from w hat tim e, from 2 or 1 o r 1-30?"
A n sw er — "T h ey w ere encircling us by th at tim e and b efo re that we
used tear gas and lath i charged ."
Q u e stio n N o. 131 — "They w ere receding and again proceeding?"
A n sw er — "Y es."
Q u e stio n N o . 132 — "N ow w hen you first cam e you fou n d th em at
w h at p lace? W ere they getting n earer?"
A n sw er — "T h e y w ere g r a d u a lly co m in g n earer. T h e y w ere
so m e tim e s ru n n in g aw ay w hen w e used lathi ch a rg e and
u sed tear gas and then again they cam e."
Q u e stio n N o. 133 — "These peop le w ere o n one side, as you said, 40
to 45 ft. aw ay and on the o th er sid e 25 to 30 ft. aw ay. W ere
they in that p osition befo re you cam e?"
A n sw er — "T h ey w ere g rad ually com ing tow ard s us."
Q u estion N o. 134 — "H ow long, ten m inu tes or 15 minutes?"
A n sw er — "T h ey w ere g rad ually com ing to this s id e ; it w as about 10
m in u te s."
Q u e stio n N o. 135 — "When d id they start th row in g b rick b a ts and
com in g nearer and nearer?"
A n sw er — "A t abou t 3. O f cou rse it is n o t possible to say the exact
tim e ."
Q u estion N o. 136 — "A nd the firing in you r estim atio n w as m ad e at
3 -3 0 ? "
A n sw er — "B etw een qu arter past 3 and 3-30."
Q u e stio n N o. 137 — "A nd the last d eterm in ed la th i ch a rg e w as
m ad e at w hat tim e, say, before 3?"
A n sw er — "B efo re 3."
Q u estion N o. 138 — "T hat w as the last thing that w as done, I m ean
the la st lath i ch arg e , an d after th at th e firin g . A fter the
last d eterm in ed lathi ch arged there w as firin g?"
A n sw er — "Y es, there w as firing."
38. T h e an sw ers o f M r. N u ro d d in A hm ed , S. D. O ., Sa d a r So u th
(W itness N o. 5) are as follow s :
Q u estio n N o. 29 — "A t this point o f tim e w h en you retu rn ed w hat
w as th e situ atio n like there?"
A n sw er — "T here I found a very large crow d assem bled on the road
in fro n t o f the M ed ical C o lleg e g ate an d by the sid e o f the
U n iv e rsity p lay g ro u n d and also on th e ro ad th at le a d s
to w ard s, probably, the F uller R oad ."
Q u estion N o. 30 — "W hat w ould be y ou r estim a te of the crow d at
th is p o in t?"
A n sw er — "C row d s from all sides w ould am ou nt to 5,000 b u t b u lk of
the peop le w ere in front of the M ed ical C ollege H ostel gate
and the M ed ical C olleg e gate."
Q u estio n N o. 31 — "D id y ou notice as to w hat w as the attitu d e of
the crow d at this p o in t o f tim e?"
A n sw e r — "T h e y w ere very th re a te n in g an d b ric k b a ts w ere
sh o w ered in cessan tly from a ll d irectio n s, m ostly from the
d ire ctio n o f the M ed ical C o lle g e H o stel gate an d I also
no ticed that a large nu m ber o f the P olicem en w ere injured.
T h e S. P. h im self w as bleed ing from his co llar b o n e.”
Q u estion N o. 32 — "W hat according to y ou , w as the position o f the
Police force at this point of tim e?"
A n sw er — "The Police was su rrou nd ed on a ll sides by th e crow d and
th ey w ere stand ing and lo o k in g aw kw ard ; they had arm s in
th e ir h an d s b u t th e y 'c o u ld n o t tak e actio n . A t the sam e
tim e , they w ere b ein g b rick b a tted an d b ein g in ju red . That
b ein g th e position th e D. I.-G. ask ed the D istrict M agistrate
to g ive ord ers for o p en in g fire. T h e D istrict M agistrate w ho
w as presen t there o rd ere d lathi ch arge."
Q u estio n N o . 33 — "W as the lath i C harge m ad e?"
A n sw er — "Y es, it w as m ade."
Q u estio n N o . 34 — "D id that hav e any effect?"
A n sw er — "It had its effect for tw o or th ree m in u tes ; the crow d
d isp ersed for th e tim e b ein g bu t ag ain they co n v erg ed from
all d ire ctio n s tow ard s th e P olice an d brick b ats w ere being
th row n incessantly to w ard s the P olice. The w h o le road was
full o f brickbats. I m yself took sh elter behind a sh op ."
Q u e s tio n N o . 35 — "A fter the la th i ch a rg e w as an y o th e r action
tak en by the P olice?"
A n s w e r — "A fte r the lath i ch a rg e , w h en it w as fo u n d th at the
P o lice w ere goin g to be o v e rw h e lm e d , rep eated w arn in g s
w ere g iv en . B u t as that p ro d u ced n o e ffect th e D istrict
M ag istrate ordered o p en in g of fire.”
Q u estio n N o. 36 — "W as firing d one?"
A n sw e r — "Y es."
Q u estio n N o. 37 — "H ave you any idea as to h o w m any ro u n d s w ere
f ir e d ? "
A n sw e r — "It w as co u n ted a little later and fou nd th at 27 rounds
w ere fired . Ju st after w arn in g s and firin g o f few round s it
w as stop p ed to see the reaction."
Q u e stio n N o. 38 — "W hat w as the reaction?"
A n sw er — "T h e first firing h ad no effect; the p eop le cam e again and
w ere throw ing brickbats. F irin g w as d o n e in tw o d irection —
o n e to w a rd s th e M e d ic a l C o lle g e H o s te l a n d a n o th er
to w ard s the U niversity p layg ro u n d co rn er."
Q u estion No. 39 — "And did you n o tice w hen firing w as stopp ed ?"
A n sw er — "F irin g w as stop p ed after the p e o p le had d isp ersed as a
resu lt o f th e second firing."
■5TOI
Q u estion N o. 40 — "D id you n o tice any casu alties as a result of the

firin g ? "
A n sw er — "I saw o n e m an fa llin g d o w n in th e U n iv e rsity
p la y g ro u n d an d in s id e th e M e d ic a l C o lle g e H o s te l
co m p ou n d w ere som e casu alties. I cou ld n ot say w hat w as
the nu m ber becau se I d id not d are go there for the stud ents
w ere very furious."
39. M r. M d. Y u su f, S p e cia l S u p erin te n d en t o f P o lice, In tellig en ce

Branch, (w itness N o. 8) stated —
Q u estion N o. 24 — "W h ile you w ere at the M ed ica l C o lle g e gate,
p lease tell m y lo rd , w h at actio n w as tak en by the P olice
party to d isp erse these peop le?"
A n sw er — "W h ile I w en t there som e p o licem en w ith lath is w ere
bro u gh t to the place and they w ere co llected in fro n t o f the
U niversity gate. T h en a lathi ch arge w as m ad e u nd er ord ers
o f the D. M. I saw the stu d ents and other d em on strators w ho
w ere there. They fell back a little in the co m p ou n d o f the
M ed ica l C o lle g e H o stel. But they re ta lia te d w ith h eav y
show er o f brick b ats and w ere and ch argin g the P olice party
an d lite ra lly the P o lice co u ld not stan d the atta ck . T h ey
fell b a c k to th e p la c e w h ere they w e re sta n d in g . T h e
stu d en ts rushed o u t all the tim e th row in g b rick b a ts on the
Police. B rickbats w ere co m in g from p ractically all sid es and
m ostly from the d irectio n of the U niversity p layg ro u n d and
the H ostel com p ou nd , and these stu d ents and d em on strators
w ere clo sin g on the place. T he situ atio n w as aw fu lly bad
and the D istrict M agistrate decided to o p en fire. A nu m ber
o f p o licem en had been injured also and so m e o f th em had
inju ries on the head. I saw the D. I.-G ., S. P. and the D. M.
gettin g b rick b ats and they w ere also h it w ith brick bats."
Q uestion N o. 25 — "W as fire "opened?"
A nsw er — "Yes. Then fire w as opened."
Q uestion N o. 26 — "A t about w hat tim e?"
A nsw er — "It w ould be at abou t 3-15 or 3-10?"
Q uestion No. 27 — "In w hich direction was the fire opened ?"
A n sw er — "It w as opened in tw o d irections — o n e party facing the
U niversity ground and the other the H o stel gate."
Q u estion N o. 28 — "H ow far w ere you a t that tim e?"
A n sw er — "I w as betw een th e tw o flan k s o f the firin g p a rtie s and
b eh in d the road side sh o p s in fro n t o f the M ed ical C olleg e
H ostel com pound."
Q u estion N o. 29 — "And do y ou know m any rounds w ere fired o r how
far th e firin g w as co n tro lled ?"
A n sw e r — "In all ab o u t, I thin k, 20 o r 25 ro u n d s w ere fired . The
firin g w as done by tw o p a rtie s as I said b e fo re . O n ly one
ro u n d w as fired on the 1st o ccasio n b y b o th the p a rtie s and
th ere w as an in terval o f a few m in u tes."
Q u e stio n N o . 30 — "W hy?"
A n sw e r — B ecau se a fte r th is firin g th e d em o n stra to rs h ad fallen
b a c k a b it bu t a fte r this firin g th ey ru sh e d o u t ag ain
to w a rd s th e P o lice th ro w in g b rick b a ts a g a in , an d then
firin g w as ordered second tim e b y S. P."
Q u e stio n N o. 31 — "Did you n o tice any casu alties a s a re su lt of the
fir in g ? "
A n sw e r — "I co u ld not actu ally s e e an y casu alty e x c e p t o n e m an
w h o m I saw b ein g ca rrie d on the arm s o f tw o or th ree
b ello w s w ho w ere in the co m p o u n d o f the M ed ica l C ollege
H o stel. T h at w as a little a fte r th e firing h ad ce a sed ."
4 0 . W h ite M r. A bd u l G ofran w ho w as th e n O . C ., L a lb a g h (W itness
No. 9) stated —
Q u e stio n N o. 32 — "Now w hat was the p o sitio n at 3 O 'clo ck or ju st a
little b e fo re th a t?"
A n sw er — "T h e stu d en ts beg an to b rick b at th e P olice in th is w ay
fro m in sid e the M ed ica l C o lle g e H o stel, M e d ic a l C o lleg e
a n d a ls o from th e U n iv ersity p lay g ro u n d an d all o f us had
to tak e sh elter tw ice b y the e a stern sid e of th e sh o p s, on the
w estern sid e of th e S ecretariat R oad in o rd er to sa v e us and
a n u m b er o f us in clu d in g th e R an ge D. I. G . and S. P. w ere
in ju red by brick bats."
Q u e stio n N o. 33 — "W ere you injured?"
A nsw er — "N o , perhaps I w as the o n ly m an w ho was not in ju red ."
Q u e stio n N o. 34 — "A t th is tim e did the P o lice d o a n yth in g ?"
A n sw er — "Y es, they U sed tear gas rep eated ly and lath i ch a rg ed to
d is p e rs e th em bu t th ere w as no sig n o f retreat. R ath er they
anti * iiw i * imh
b ecam e m o re v ig o ro u s w ith b rick b a ts and w ere a b o u t to

en c irc le the P olice p arty on d u ty there from the M ed ical
C olleg e H ostel sid e and the U n iv ersity playg rou n d and the
M ed ical C ollege g ate sid e."
Q u estion No. 35 — "A nd then w hat happen ed?"
A n sw er — "The situ ation w as totally o u t o f control w h en repeated
w arning w ere given and then a determ ined lathi ch arg e w as
m ad e to d isp e rse th em b u t a ll this failed and they show ed
no sig n o f retreat, rath er they w ere ad van cin g tow ard s the
P o lice w ith b rick b ats. U ltim a te ly fin d in g n o o th e r a lte r
n ativ e to save o u rselves o rd er for open in g firin g w as given
by the au thorities and firing w as d on e at about 3-30 p. m.
Q u estion N o. 36 — "D o you know in w hich d irections the firing w as
op en ed ?"
A n sw er — "T o w a rd s th e M ed ica l C o lle g e H o stel g ate a n d the
U n iversity playg rou nd side."
Q u estion N o. 37 — "W here w ere you at that poin t o f tim e?”
A nsw er — "I w as in front o f the shops at the junction ."
Q uestion No. 38 — "H ow m any tim es firing w as done?"
A nsw er — "Tw ice."
Q u estion N o. 39 — "D id you n o tice any casu alties as resu lt o f the
firin g ? "
A n sw er — "O ne m an w as seen drop p ing dow n n ear the U n iversity
p lay g ro u n d an d he w as then and th ere rem ov ed in an
am bu lan ce."
41 . L astly M r. M ir A sh rafu l H uq, In sp ecto r o f P o lice (W itness N o.

10) w as questioned as to the situation —
Q u estion No. 15 — "Then w hat happened, and w hat did you do?"
A n sw er — "B rick b ats still co n tin u ed and at a b o u t 15.00 h o u rs a
stron g lathi ch arge w as m ad e, bu t to n o effect. In stead of
fallin g b ack they started b rick b attin g h ea v ily ."
Q u estion N o. 16 — "A nd then?"
A n sw er — "By this tim e D. I. -G ., D . M ., S. P ., m y self an d o th er
P o lice o ffic e rs w ere in ju red . S h o w ers o f b rick b a ts still
continued and policem en w ere being injured."
Q u estion N o. 17 — "P lease tell us if the P olice took furth er action if
you know."
"5RT ■ailc*M|ciM<l 'tlow^Rr
A n sw er — "T h e P o lice an d D. M. w a rn ed th em re p ea ted ly b u t

w ith ou t any result. A fter that S. P. o rd ered to o p en firing. It
m ig h t b e at about 15.20 hours."
Q u estion N o. 18 — "D o you know in w hich d irectio n th e firing w as
dow n?"
A n sw er — "The first w as done to w ard s the U n iv ersity g round and
th e M ed ical C o lle g e H o stel. A nd after a little w h ile the
rioters again attack ed the Police p arty w ith d o u b le vigour."
Q u estion N o . 19 — "W hat h ap p en ed ?"
A n sw er — "A fter tw o or th ree m in u tes ag ain the rio ters w ere fired
at to w ard s the M ed ical C o lle g e H ostel."
Q u estio n N o . 20 — "D id that hav e any effect?"
A n sw er — "T h ere w as a p au se fo r som e tim e, bu t after a little w hile
b rick b attin g con tinu ed ."
Q u e s tio n N o . 21 — "A fte r th e firin g w h ere the b ric k b a ttin g
continu ed from ?”
A n s w e r — "F ro m th e M e d ic a l C o lle g e H o s te l an d m a in ly
co ncen trated near th e A ssem bly co m e r."
Q u e stio n N o. 22 — "D id y ou n otice any casu alty as a resu lt o f the
fir in g ? "
A n sw er — "I saw one m an d rop p ing near the U niversity ground."
Q u e stio n N o. 23 — "W hat h ap p en ed to him ?"
A n sw er — "H e w as taken by som e rioters".
Q u e stio n N o. 24 — "W here to?"
A n sw er — "In an am bulance."
Q u e stio n N o. 25 — "W h ere any attem p ts m ad e to a scerta in w hat
the casu alties w ere as a resu lt o f firing?"
A n sw er — "T h e situ atio n w as still h ot an d the stu d en ts w ere excited
and so nothin g could be done at that tim e, for any attem pt to
ascertain casu alties w ould h ave cau sed m o re casu alties."
Q u e stio n N o. 6 7 — "A nd this state o f things co n tin u ed from the tim e
you reached there till the firing w as actu a lly restored to?"
A n s w e r — "S in ce m y arriv al and in betw een the firin g s th ere w ere
tw o lath i ch arg e s a ls o .”
Q u e stio n N o. 6 8 — "E xcep tin g these tw o lath i ch a rg es d o you m ean
to sa y that there w as no brick b attin g ?"
A nsw er — "T h ere w ere b rick b ats all the tim e ; an d a fter the lathi
ch arg e s it in creased h eav ily ."
(Question N o. 69 — "A nd the D istrict M agistrate, the D. I.-G ., S. P.,
D. S. P ., a ll o f them w ere ex p o se d to the sh o w e r o f
b ric k b a ts ? "
A nsw er — "Y es, Sir."
Q uestion No. 70 — "W h ere w ere you w hen the D. M . w as actually
giving the firing o rd er, at w hat d istance w ere you from the
D istric t M a g istra te ? "
A nsw er — "That I did not hear. I did not h ear the D. M . giving the
o rd er o f firing."
Q u estion N o. 71 — "W hen the actual firing w as resorted to w here
w ere you?"
A nsw er — "I w as outside, in front of the shops on the road."
Q uestion No. 82 — "The firing continued for w hat length of time?"
A nsw er — "The first firing for a m inu te or tw o or so and after that
there w as a p au se for tw o or three m inu tes and it m ight not
be m ore than two m inutes."
42. The resp on sibility for the firing rests o f co u rse on the sh ould ers
o f th ree o ffic ia ls , viz. th e D istric t m a g is tra te , th e D ep u ty
In sp ecto r-G eneral o f Police and the Su p erin ten d en t o f Police. It
w as su g g ested in criticism th at the co n sta b le s w h o actu ally
fired w ere not exam ined as w itness in the cou rse o f the enquiry.
Had the Police case b een that the constables fired on the m ob in
se lf-d e fe n c e w ith o u t an y o rd er, th en it w o u ld h a v e b een
necessary to ex am in e all the constables w h o op en ed the fire in
ord er to see from their ow n statem ents w heth er their action was
ju stified in the ex e rcise o f th eir righ t o f p riv a te d efen ce. T h is
q u e stio n , h o w e v e r, d o es n o t arise b e c a u se th e c o n sta b le s
ad m itted ly fired u nd er ord ers and the only point for d ecision is
w h ether the persons w ho gave the orders w ere ju stified in doing
so the circu m stan ces obtaining at that particu lar time.
43. W itn ess N o. 28 is an im portan t w itness (he is M r. M d. K am al,

M . A .) in as m u ch as h e is the only in d ep en d en t w itn ess to the
firing on the Police sid e w ho arrived on the scen e im m ed iately
b efo re the P olice opened fire. T h is w itn ess stated th at he had
b een to the H igh C ou rt on the afternoon o f the 21st February and
"5TST 'SlItMMM U
le ft th e H ig h C ou rt at 2-30 p . m. on h is w ay to th e A ssem b ly
H o u se to see one M aulvi N ajibullah. He w ent on foo t p roceed ing
a lo n g th e F uller Road. O n th e F u ller R oad he ran in to a m ob on
th e n o rth w est sid e o f the U n iv ersity field n ea r th e p u m p in g
s ta tio n . A m o b w as g a th e rin g ro u n d the U n iv e rs ity p lay in g
fie ld a n d it con sisted, in his o p in io n o f 1,000 p eo p le w h o w ere
s h o u tin g slo g an s and th ro w in g b ric k b a ts o n the P o lic e . The
P o lic e w as throw ing te a r g as w ere effectiv e for a sh o rt w hile
a n d d ro v e the crow d back. T h e crow d reco vered an d o n ce m ore
c a m e to a ttack the P olice. W itn ess stated th a t h e rem ain ed at
th a t p a rticu la r place on the F u ller R oad b ecau se w h en h e saw
th e m o b h e th o u gh t it w as q u ite im p o ssib le fo r h im to get
th ro u g h . H e actu ally h eard th e P o lice o p en fire a n d saw one
p e rso n sh o t throu gh th e h ead n e a r the p u m p in g sta tio n . On
s e e in g th is w itn ess to o k to h is h e e ls a n d ru n aw ay a lo n g the
N a z im u d d in Road. T h is w itn ess is o ne o f the tw o n o n official
w itn e sse s w h o sp eak to the actu al firin g . H e said th at h e was
b e h in d the crow d 100 y ard s from the p u m p in g sta tio n b u t it
a p p e a rs th at th is is n ot an a ccu rate estim ate and h e p ro b ab ly
m e a n t th a t h e w as 100 feet from th e sta tio n . B u t h e w as
a ctu a lly p rev en ted from p ro ceed in g to w ard s his d e stin a tio n ,
the A ssem bly and as he said in an sw er to q u estio n N os. 74 and 75
he w a s afraid to pass by that w ay b e c a u se he th o u g h t h e risked
his life if h e did so. He a d d ed th at h e m ig h t b e in ju red eith er
by th e P o lice or by the m ob ; and it is h is e v id en ce th at one
p erso n w as sh ot throu gh the head by th e sid e o f the p u m p in g
statio n on the road w hen the Police op en ed fire. Mr. H am ood u r
R a h m a n re lie s on h is sta te m e n ts a s s u p p o rtin g th e P o lice
w itn e sse s’ estim ate o f the g rav ity o f the situ a tio n a t 3 -0 0 p. m.
at th e M ed ical C ollege gate. As an in d ep en d en t g en tlem an with
no o b lig a tio n s to the P olice his w ord is v alu a b le as su p p o rtin g
th eir assessm en t of th e then position.
4 4 . The sta tem e n ts o f the w itn esses w ho cam e forw ard to co n d em n
the P o lice firing did n o t carry con victio n . M an y o f th em had no
m aterial co n trib u tio n to m ak e to the o b jects of the en q u iry , and
it w a s o n ly too clear that the stu d en t elem e n ts w ere co n cern ed to
d iscla im all know led ge of in co n v en ien t facts and circu m stan ces.
Mr. H am o o d u r R ahm an p o in ts o u t that in the sta tem e n ts w hich
•JPff aiif»rmw9 trfa«1*ra
they m ade in th e en quiry they stu d io u sly avoid ed all m ention

o f th e e v e n ts on th e ro ad o u tsid e th e U n iv e rsity an d the
M ed ical C o lle g e g ates and fo llo w in g the sam e p attern they
spoke of events w ithin the fencing — w hich w as to them an area
forbidden to the Police — and they one and all k now led ge o f the
m icrop h on e throu gh w h ich fiery sp eeches w ere b ro ad cast over
that particu lar area. M r. G h an i su gg ests that the stu d en ts w ere
"stam p ed ed " and thou gh t it w as b ette r in their o w n in terest to
d isclaim all kno w led ge of an yth in g that happen ed o u tsid e the
co m p o u n d and to co n fin e , to th eir sta tem e n ts to w h a t had
hap p en ed in sid e the g ates. In an sw er to h is ex p la n a tio n M r.
H am o o d u r R ah m an p o in ts o u t it in ev itab ly follo w s th at the
statem en ts cann ot be relied u pon and that if the stu d en ts avoid
m e n tio n in g any ev e n ts in the stre e ts an d try to d en y th eir
p re se n c e as p a rtic ip a n ts in th e m e etin g on th a t d ay the
sta te m e n ts w h ich they d o m ak e sh o u ld n ot b e a ccep ted as
c a r ry in g any w e ig h t a g a in s t th e P o lice. A w itn e ss w ho
e c o n o m ise s tru th w h en it su its h is p e rso n a l e n d s sta n d s
d iscred ite d .
45. O f all th e sta te m e n ts th e g e n e ra l p u b lic m a d e the m o st
im portant one is that o f D ew an H arun M d. M aniru d d in (w itness
No. 64), the only w itness w ho claim s actually to h ave w itnessed
the firin g . T h is w itn ess stated that h e w as a stu d en t o f the
Jag an n ath C ollege, D acca, and ad m itted th at he su bm itted tw o
rep resen tatio n s in response to the P resid en t's in v itatio n . In his
first statem en t he began by say in g that h e w as a stu d en t o f the
Jag an n ath C ollege, D acca, w ho w ent to the U n iversity prem ises
on the call o f the A ll Party State L angu age C om m ittee to raise a
dem and for Bengali as a state Language at about 10-30 a. m ., and
the m ain aim o f the assem bled stud ents w as to let the M. L. A.'s
an d M . C . A 's k no w th e ir d em an d . S o h e h im s e lf in one
s ta te m e n t a d m itte d th a t h e had gone to the U n iv e rs ity
p r e m is e s at th e c a ll of th e A ll P a rty S ta te Language
C o m m itte e . S u b scrib ed to h is seco n d sta te m e n t a p p e a r the
follow ing w ords : — D ew an H arun M d. M aniru d d in, 23-3-52 — a
stu d en t of the Jagan n ath C ollege, D acca, w h o w as present at the
tim e o f firin g and w h o to o k p a rt in the S ta te L a n g u a g e
m o v em e n t o f th e stu d en ts," W h en he a p p e a red b e fo re the
*1*11 *)lt'tr|eiH<I ^leW ’ R I
e n q u iry he ch an g ed h is tu ne and s ta te d h a t h e h a d a ctu ally

g o n e on that m orning, n o t to the U n iv ersity b u t to the ou td oo r
D ep a rtm en t of the M edical C o lleg e H ospital fo r trea tm en t, and
h e d iscla im ed the position w h ich h e h a d assum ed fo r h im self
in h is w ritte n sta tem e n t as one w h o to c k p a rt in the State
L a n g u a g e m o v em e n t o f the stu d en ts. A s to th e w itn e sse s h e
n a m ed , h e ad m itted that he never co n su lted th em to see if they
k n e w a n y th in g abo u t the firin g — he p u : th e ir n a m e s as he
th o u g h t they w ould be "good w itn esse s", m th is s p irit h e pu t
d o w n th e n am es of M r. Fazlul H uq and M r. S h am su d d in and he
n a m ed M atiu l Islam (W itness N o. 56) w ho was in C h a n d p u r and
N o o r M o h am m ed (W itness N o. 57) w h o w as in N o a k h a li on the
d a te o f th e firing. In co u rse o f his e v id e n c e th is w itn ess stated
th a t he a ctu a lly saw the P o lice e n te re d the M e d ica l C o lleg e
H o ste l p re m ise s, tak e u p th e ir p o s itio n a lo n g sid e th e path
ru n n in g th ro u g h the H ostel and from th e ir :ire at th e p eo p le in
the co m p o u n d as a result o f w hich o n e m an fe ll on o n e o f the
H ostel verand ah s, and 7 or 8 other person s were in ju red —
Q u e stio n N o. 52 — "Then w hat h ap p en ed ?"
A n sw er — "T hen after h alf-an-hou r or a b it m o re I saw a few Police
g o in g in sid e the H o stel and ta k in g their p o sitio n by the
p a th w h ich runs throu gh the h o stel."
Q u e stio n N o. 53 — "Then w hat did they do?"
A n sw er — "T h ey fired at the peop le."
Q u e stio n N o. 5 4 — "W hat w ere the p eop le d o in g at that tim e?"
A n sw er — "T h ey we're stan d in g on the p re m ise s o f the h o ste l and
a ls o on the C ollege prem ises."
Q u e stio n N o. 5 4 — "W hat w ere the p eop le d o in g at that tim e?"
A n sw er — "T h ey w ere stand in g on the p rem ises o f the h o ste l and
a ls o on the C olleg e prem ises."
Q u estion N o. 5 5 — "W here w ere you stand in g then?"
A n sw er — "1 w as stand ing in the M ed ical C o lle g e com p ou n d ."
Q u estion N o. 5 6 — "H ow m any tim es did th e Police fire?"
A n sw er — "I d id not count it."
Q u estion N o. 5 7 — "D id the Police hit an y b o d y with th e firin g?"
A n sw er — "I d id n o t see, w hen they fired , w h o was w o u n d ed , b u t
a fte r that I saw a m an falling d o w n on a verandah."
•mi
Q uestion N o. 58 — "W as h e dead ?"

A nsw er — "Yes, sir."
Q uestion No. 59 — "You saw one m an shot dead, did you see anybody
bein g sh o t at?"
Answ er — "A fterw ard s I saw ."
Q uestion No. 60 — "Did you see anybody else bein g hit?"
Answ er — "I saw 7 or 8 people."
Q uestion N o. 61 — "K illed?"
A n sw er — "N ot k illed , b u t inju red . I saw them w hen they w ere
bein g carried by p eop le to the hospital."
Q uestion No. 62 — "D id you go insid e the hospital?"
A nsw er — "N o, Sir,"
Q u estion N o. 6 3 — "Y ou saw 7 or 8 p eop le b ein g carried to the
h o sp ital, after that w hat did you d o?"
A n sw er — "T h en I w ent to D ew anji Bazar R oad throu gh the torn
w all at the b ack o f the E. N. T. D epartm en t and crossin g the
U n iversity p rem ises."
Q uestion No. 64 — "W here did you go to?"
A n sw er — "From D ew anji Bazar Road and N azim ud d in R oad I w ent
to A ga M ash i Lane and then I w ent straig h t to m y house."
I am not p repared to accep t the statem en t o f so irresp o n sib le a
w itness as bein g a statem en t o f truth. It w as n ev er su ggested in
cro sse n q u iry h e ch a n g e d h is tu n e and sta ted th at h e h ad
actually gone on exam in ation of any o f the Police w itn esses that
an y P o lice c o n sta b le a ctu a lly tresp a sse d in to th e M ed ica l
C ollege H ostel com pound and from inside the com pound opened
fire on the stu d e n ts and o th ers a ssem b led th ere. W h a t w as
su gg ested w as th at on e o f the co n stab les ad v an ced up to the
"M aster cab in" the d ou ble storied shop at the corn er of M ed ical
C olleg e H o stel g ate and from there fired in to the com p ou n d .
T his su gg estio n w as d enied by the P olice o fficers w ho claim ed
that the firing party n ever broke the squ are and fired from the
p o sitio n w h ic h th ey to o k up under th e o rd e rs of th e
Su perintend ent o f Police (V ide w itness N o. 1 Q 281 to 284).
Q u estion No. 281 — "I put it to you that your co n stab les w ere takings
co v er u nder the tw o storied hostel on the righ t hand side of
th e road and they w ere co m in g up and sh o o tin g an d then
g o in g aw ay?"
A n sw er — "M y m en never m oved from their position."
Q u estion N o. 282 — "It is su ggested to you th at they m o v ed and took
co v e r u nd er the tw o-storied hotel?"
A n sw er — "I brou gh t them to the position a s show n by m e and after
th at they did not m ove an inch."
Q u estion N o. 283 — "A nd they fired from th a t position o n e b y one?"
A n sw er — "N o m y Lord, they did not go one by one and fire."
Q u estio n N o. 284 — "Your m en fired w ithin the H ostel co m p ou n d ?"
A n sw e r — "B u llets m ight g o in sid e the H o stel co m p o u n d w hich is
o n ly abou t a few hun d red yards."
T h e b u lle t m arks w hich are to be fou n d on H o ste l N o. 12 and
H o ste l N o. 20 — tw o h o ste ls bu ilt "en ech elo n " — tw o in the
e a s t en d w all o f H ostel N o. 12, and one in the e a st en d w all o f
H o ste l N o. 20 and a glan cin g shot o n the north w all o f Shed No.
1 2 , in m y o p in io n clea rly in d icate th at the lin e o f firin g w as
th a t as sta ted by the S u p e rin te n d e n t o f P olice a n d th at the
P o lic e did n o t leave th e ir a p p o in ted p o sitio n at th e tim e o f
fir in g and ce rta in ly d id n o t e n te r in to the M e d ic a l C o lle g e
H o stel com pound for that purpose.
4 6 . M r. G h an i has su gg ested that the m ere fact th at s h o ts actu ally
la n d e d in sid e the co m p o u n d of th e M ed ica l C o lle g e H o stel
its e lf d isp ro v es the P o lice ca se that they m erely fired alon g the
ro a d on o n e sid e and in the d irectio n o f the U n iv e rs ity Play
g ro u n d on the other. It can n ot be d en ied that sh o ts d id land in
th e M ed ical C ollege H ostel co m p ou n d b u t it d o es n o t ap p ear to
m e from the statem en ts th at h ave been m ad e in th is ca se from
my p erso n al in s p e c tio n of th e h o s te ls th a t th e P o lic e
d e lib e ra te ly en tered the H o stel co m p o u n d an d fire d from the
p a th . It is p o ssible that a p o rtio n of th at com pound ca m e w ithin
th e ra n g e o f fire as the P o lice, fro m th e position w h ich they
to o k up in fron t o f the M ed ica l C o lle g e gate, fired alo n g the
d ire ctio n o f the road.
4 7 . O n c e m o re w ith reg ard to th e firin g it is c la im e d th at the
M a g istra te u nd er w hose d irectio n the actu al o rd er w a s given (P.
min swwisfwji
W . 2 — M r. Q u raish i) is a n ew M agistrate of lim ited exp erien ce

w ho had o n ly assu m ed ch a rg e as D istrict M ag istrate th e day
b e fo re and w h o w as im m e d ia te ly u n d e r th e n e c e s s ity o f
p ro m u lg atin g o rd ers u nd er section 144 of the C od e o f C rim in al
P rocedu re. It is true that the D istrict M agistrate has so far had
v ery little e x p e rie n c e as a M a g is tra te b u t n o th in g has
tran sp ired in the en q u iry b e fo re m e to show th at h e lo st his
head in the em ergency w ith w hich he w as confronted or that he
allow ed h im self to be p revailed u pon b y the D. I.-G. an d the S.
P. to g ive them perm ission to open fire. It w as suggested to the S.
P. th a t h e o p en ed fire b e c a u se h e w as e x a sp e ra te d a t the
co n tin u o u s b rick battin g and becau se the Police force h ad been
ston ed by the stu d en ts and others. H e d enied that this w as the
ca se an d sta te d th at h e fire d b e c a u se n e ith e r o f th e tw o
a ltern ativ e s w hich p resen ted th em selv es to h im w as feasib le.
H e had used a large quantity of tear gas on the crovyd facing him
w ith n o effect. H is last d eterm in ed lathi ch arge had p ro v ed a
failure. H e co u ld eith er run aw ay w ith his force, and leav e the
field in p o ssessio n o f the person s w hose d eclared o b ject w as to
violate the ord ers under section 144 o f the C od e or could h e stand
still and allow his force to b e overw h elm ed. A s a Police o fficer
h e co u ld a cc e p t n e ith e r a lte rn a tiv e . T h a t the p o sitio n w as
serio u s is sh o w n by the fact th at n o t only w ere the D istrict
M a g istra te , the D. I.-G ., the S. P ., th e D. S. P. in ju red by
b rick bats bu t 24 ou t of the total Police force o f 60 had, by 3-20 p.
m ., becom e c a s u a ltie s . In th e se c ir c u m s ta n c e s if th e
S u p erin ten d en t o f Police g av e the ord er to open fire in o rd er to
prevent h is force from bein g overw helm ed by the crow d 1 do not
th ink th at it can , on the alm o st u n co n tested statem en ts w hich
h ave been m ad e before m e in this quasi ex p arte enquiry, be held
th at he w as n o t justified in opening fire.
4 8 . I have now to see w hether the firing w as excessiv e or not. It has
alread y b een pointed ou t that at first the P olice statio n ed on
b o th flan k s o f the firing squ ad fired o n e roun d . One. m an fell
dead on the U n iv ersity p laygroun d sid e and the rush on that
sid e w as p ro m p tly sto p p ed . T he rush on th e other sid e , the
M edical C o lleg e H ostel sid e, w as tem p o rarily stopp ed , b u t the
ad vance b eg an ag ain and b rick b ats w ere th row n at the P olice
-sRI kftqel’ra
an d so firin g w as opened fo r th e seco n d tim e o n th at flank. I

h a v e satisfied m y self from the re le v a n t en tries in the registers
th a t 2 7 round s w ere fired in all an d th a t as a re su lt o f those 27
ro u n d s 9 casu alties w ere cau sed w h ich h a v e re s u lte d in four
d eath s. R em em berin g that the P olice o p en fire th e y d o so w ith
th e d elib erate intention of killing I can n o t hold fro m the num ber
o f ca s u a ltie s sh ow n tak in g in co n ju n ctio n w ith th e n u m ber of
ro u n d s fired that there w as any u se of ex cessiv e fo rce. T h e firing
w as co n tro lled and w as effective.
49. I h a v e a lso sa tisfie d m y s e lf fro m th e r e g is te rs o f M ed ica l
C o lle g e H o sp ital that the ca su a ltie s cau sed b y th e P olice firing
a r e as sta ted in the e n q u iry b e fo re m e. It is tr u e th at th e
re g iste rs sh o w that a large n u m b er o f p erso n s w a s affected by
te a r gas and also injured by lathis o r by falling on th e ground but
th a t is n o t u n ex p ected in view o f th e fa ct th a t the P o lice
e x p e n d ed a large qu an tity o f gas g ren ad es an d sh e lls and m ad e
tw o d eterm in ed lathi ch arg es.
50. 1 c a n n o t p a rt w ith th is e n q u iry w ith o u t r e c o r d in g th e
a sto n ish m e n t w ith w hich 1 learn ed that the E ast B en g a l P olice
F o r c e is n o t eq u ip p ed wdth steel h e lm e ts an d h a s o n ly a few
a n cie n t A. R. P. helm ets to draw on. It seem s in cred ib le that a
fo rce required to m aintain law and o rd er should h a v e to take up
"a ctio n statio n s" w earing clo th cap s and stand its g ro u n d under
sh o w ers o f brick bats, ston es and sim ilar w eapon s, a n d D acca, in
its p re sen t sta te o f co n stru c tio n a l a ctiv ity , p re s e n ts p o ten tia l
la w -b rea k ers w ith a v eritab le arse n al o f a m m u n itio n . H ad the
P o lice force u nd er M r. Id ris been p ro p erly e q u ip p e d , it is m ore
th an probable there w ould never hav e b ee n an y o ccasio n for this
en q u iry.
51. In co n clu sio n I m ust find , on a co n sid eratio n o f th e statem en ts
m a d e in this en q u iry, that
i. the firing by the P olice w as n ecessary ;
ii. th e fo r c e u sed by th e P o lic e w as ju s t if ie d in th e
circu m stan ces of the case.
5 2 . It is u n fo rtu n a te th at c e rta in A sso c ia tio n an d O rg a n isa tio n s
d e c id e d to b o y co tt the en q u iry a s th e y d is a p p ro v e d o f its
lim ita tio n s . H ad th ey ta k en p a rt in th e p r o c e e d in g s , th e
official w itn esses w ould u nd o u bted ly have been su b jected to a
m o re k n o w le d g e a b le an d th e re fo re m o re e ffe c tiv e cro s s -
ex a m in a tio n w h ile the p re se n ta tio n o f th e ca se a g a in st the
Police w ould have been m o re effectiv e because better inform ed. I
have, h o w ever, g ratefu lly to ack n o w led g e the assistan ce of Mr.
H am oodur R ahm an and his scrupu lou s fairness in presenting the
case of his clien ts, and the help afford ed by M r. A bd u l G hani in
the face o f g reat d ifficu lties and serious h an d icap s. I m u st also
place on record m y appreciation o f the sterlin g w ork of M r. A. R.
O sm an y, B. L ., A ssista n t R eg istrar, H ig h C ou rt, D acca, w ho
acted as m y Secretary in the E nquiry ; and o f the u ng ru d ging
hard w o rk o f M r. M o h ab b at A li, Se n io r R ep o rter o f the E ast
Bengal L eg islative A ssem bly, w ho in ad dition to p u ttin g in long
h ou rs tran scrib in g the statem en ts of the w itn esses alon g w ith
his co lle a g u e s, (M e ssers. M d. L u tfu r R ah m a n , S y ed B a z lu r
R ahm an, A bd u s Sam ad , A bdul M ohaim en and O sm an Ali) w as
s o le ly re sp o n sib le for ty p in g this re p o rt, an d o f M r. D in
M o h am m ed o f the S e cre ta ria l sta ff w h o a ssisted M r. R. A.
O sm any in the Secretarial w ork of the E nquriy.
T. H. ELLIS
R eport o f the E n q u iry in to the F irin g by the P olice at D acca on the

2 1 st F ebru ary, 1952, by the H o n 'b le M r. ju s tic e E llis o f the H igh
C ou rt o f ju d ica tu re a t D acca.
: «a>
s ibic<t ^ r t ^ iw 'Sff<j'^-^-5^<j
C o n fid e n tia l
2 9 .1 1 .1 9 4 8
C h ie f Se cre ta ry , G overnm en t o f East Bengal.
I e n c lo se h erew ith the letter in O rig in al from M o u lan a D r. A bd u l
H u q, H o n o rary Secretary, A n ju m an-e-T araq qi-e-U rd u o f In d ia (now
P a k ista n ) o f w h ich Dr. Sir Tej Bhad ur Sap ru w as the p re sid e n t for
y e a r s r ig h t u p to th e p a r titio n o f In d ia . Y o u r a tte n tio n is
p a rtic u la rly d raw n to the p e n -u ltim ate para w h erein is d escrib ed
th e a ttitu d e o f Indian G o v ern m en t tow ard s the said A n ju m a n and
U rd u in g en era l. I req u ested H u q S a h ib to w rite an a r tic le on
" B e n g a l's C o n trib u tio n to w ard s the D e v e lo p m e n t o f U rd u " fo r
p u b lic a tio n in the q u arterly C u ltu ra l M a g a z in e, 'L ife an d L ig h t'
p ro p o s e d to be o u t in Jan u ary n ex t as an o rg an o f th e D h ak a
U n iv e rsity O ld Boys' A sso ciatio n . A s H o n o rary S e cre ta ry o f the
A n ju m an -e -T araq q i-ei-U rd u (Bengal). I h av e b een clo se to u ch w ith
M o u la n a S a h ib since 1944. I ask ed him to co n trib u te th e a b o v e
a rticle s o th a t th is m igh t p av e the w ay for sm o o th w o rk in g o f the
P r o v in c ia l A n ju m a n -e -T a ra q q i-e -U rd u . M o u la n a S a h e b 's rep ly
c o n s tra in s th e p a in fu l trag ed y ab o u t U rd u in In d ia. Y o u m ay
co n sid er w h eth er th is m atter should be taken up at the fo rth co m in g
In ter-D o m in io n C onference w hich you are g oin g to attend.
2. A s it w ill ap p ear from the letter that M o u lan a Sah eb is in D elhi
n o w . H e is a v enerable old gentlem an aged o v er 70 years and it is a
pity th at h e is b ein g harassed for a cau se for w hich he h a s w orked
a ll h is life.
M iz a n u r R ahm an H onorary Secretary

A n ju m an -e-T araq q i-e-U rd u
E a st P a k ista n
A n ju m an -e -T araq q i-e-U rd u (Ind ia)
K h a liq M a n z il
M o h a lla C h u riw a la n 23 N ovem ber, 1948.
My D ear M izanu r R ahm an,

It w as indeed a great and unexpected pleasu re for m e to received
a letter from you after such a long time.
T h e co n tro versy of B en gali and U rdu w as very d ish earten in g to
m e. I w as su rp rised to see that B en g ali M u slim s w ere so readily
a g a in st U rdu. T h ere m u st h av e b een som e o th er reason s also that
p ro m p ted them to o p p o se U rd u so fu rio u sly. I am ash am ed o f it.
Both p arties are to blam ed .
I had m ad e ev ery p rep aratio n to go to E ast Bengal, esta b lish a
cen tre of ou r A njum an at D acca and propagate U rdu language in that
part o f P akistan. But I had to thin k tw ice b efo re going there. A fter
that I d iscu ssed the m atter w ith K haw ja N azim u d d in Sah ib w hen
he p aid a v isit to K arach i. H e in v ited m e to D acca an d kind ly
ask ed m e to be his guest and prom ised to give every possible help to
my m ission. B ut ju st after that he w as appointed G o v ern o r G en eral
o f P akistan I cam e aw ay to D elhi.
I w ould h a v e b een very glad to w rite on the su b ject you h ave
proposed to m e bu t u nd er the p resent circum stances it is not possible.
T he Indian G overn m ent has treated m e and m y A njum an very badly.
T h ey h av e locked and sealed the library o f the A n ju m an and m y
b o o k s and tw o arm ed sep oy g u ard it d ay and n ig h t. W e are n ot
allo w ed to en ter it. M y m o vem en ts are w atched by C . I. D. and my
m en are harassed by police. To speak o f Urdu or to w ork for U rdu is a
crim e in India (and perhaps in East B engal?). H ow can I w rite such
an a rticle w ith o u t n ecessary m aterial.
I am still thinking to w ork in East Bengal b u t I how to do, I am
at a loss to u nderstand. As soon as I go back to K arachi I w ill consu lt
K h aw ja Sah ib and M oulana A k ram Khan.
W ith kind regard s,
Yours sincerely
Abdul H uq
G o v e rn m e n t of E a st B en g al, B -P roceed in g s, B an g la d esh N a tio n a l
A r c h i v e s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, H om e B ran ch , B u n d le N o. 57,
A pril, 1950, P roceed ings No. 25-26.
ol*)l 'OllC'*TI'=1CH<J
: so
>Sl£c<p 5]^t-l<i ^ R I vStml^t
E ast Bengal Second ary E d ucation Board, D acca
N o . 81998-83397
C ircu lar
D ated, D acca, the 17th D ecem b er, 1948.

It is h ereb y n o tified for in fo rm atio n of a ll c o n c e rn e d th at the
B o ard h a s d ecid e d to m ak e cla ssica l lan g u a g e c o m p u ls o r y for
s tu d e n ts o f a ll h ig h sc h o o ls u n d er th e E ast B e n g a l S e co n d a ry
E d u ca tio n B o ard and to trea t A rabic, P e rsia n , S a n s k rit, Pali and
L atin alo n e a s classical languages fo r m atricu la tio n E x a m in a tio n to
be held w ith effect from 1953 and onw ard.
A rra n g e m e n t for te a ch in g cla ssica l lan g u a g es m ay b e m ad e
a cco rd in g ly from 1949.
Sd / O . G h an i
S e c re ta ry
M em o N o. 83398(2) dated, D acca, the 17th D ecem ber, 1948.
C o p y fo rw a rd e d to th e S e cre ta ry , G o v e rn m e n t o f E a s t B en g al,
D ep artm en t o f Education, for inform ation.
S d / O . G hani
S e c re ta ry
G overnm ent of East Bengal

D epartm ent of Education
D acca
N o. 7 8 / - 8 1 / l( l) Ed. D acca, the 2 6 th M arch , 1949
To
S e c r e ta r y
E a st B engal Seco n d ary E d u cation Board
S u b je ct : C lassica l Language fo r the M atric E x a m in a tio n u nd er the

E a st B engal Secon d ary E d u cation Board, D acca.
T he U n d ersig n ed is d ire cted to refer to h is circ u la r letter N o.
8 1 9 9 8 -8 3 3 9 7 , d ate d the 17th D ecem b er, 1948 and to o b se rv e as
fo llo w s :
G o v e rn m e n t d o not ap p ro v e o f th e actio n o f the B o ard in
d e c la r in g w h a t la n g u a g e s sh a ll b e in c lu d e d u n d e r th e h ea d
*i>n 'aiiC'MMMd
'(. lassical L angu ages'. T h e q u estio n in vo lved m atters o f high policy

and th e B o a rd sh o u ld h a v e o b ta in e d p rio r a p p ro v a l o f the
G o v ern m en t before issu in g o rd ers. It ap p ears that the B oard have
not g iv en su fficie n t th o u g h t to the q u estio n o f teach in g U rdu. In
view o f th e fact th at it h a s b ee n m a d e the S ta te L a n g u a g e of
P akistan , its k n o w led g e for the citiz en s o f E astern P a k ista n is of
great im portance. So long as arran gem en ts are m ade for teaching the
language as com p ulsory subject in post prim ary stage, it w ill not be in
the b e st in tere sts o f th e S ta te as w h ole o r o f the p e o p le h ere to
exclu d e the su bject from the list of C lassical Languages. G overnm ent,
are th erefore, pleased to d irect that Urdu shou ld also b e included in
the list o f C lassical L an g u ag es. T he o rd er shou ld b e g iv en effect
f o r th w ith .
S d / Ille g ib le
Secretary to the G overnm ent o f East Bengal
D epartm ent of Education
No. 781/1/(1)/Edn.
C op y w ith co p y o f c irc u la r forw ard ed to the D irecto r o f pu blic
In struction, East Bengal, for inform ation.
E d ucation and registration D epartm ent sd/F. Haque

D a cca A ssista n t Secretary
T he 28th M arch, 1949
E ast Bengal Secon d ary Education Board, D acca

N o. 15001
From
T h e Secretary
E ast B engal Second ary E d ucation Board, DaCca.
To
T he Secretary, G overnm ent of East Bengal
D epartm ent o f E d ucation, D acca •
D ated : 6.4.1949.
Si r,
W ith reference to G overnm ent letter N o. 781 Edn., dated 28.3.49,
asking th is o ffice to issue a circu lar to th e effect that urdu also is to
Mrb ■©pn *fi?I5Tn3
b e reco gn ised as a classical language in th e schools u n d e r th e B oard ,

I a m d ire cte d to state th at th e B oard in its m e e tin g h eld on 2 1 st
O cto b er, 1948 had decided that U rdu sh o u ld be an o p tio n a l su b ject,
the m atter h ad to b e referred to the W o rk in g C o m m ittee.
T h e re fo re , 1 have to in fo rm y ou that the c irc u la r m a y n o t be
is s u e d b e fo re th e m atter h a s b een co n sid ere d b y th e W o rk in g
C o m m ittee and the Board.
1 have th e H o n o u r to be,
* S ir
Y ou r m ost o b e d ie n t Serv an t
S d / Ille g ib le
for S e cre ta ry
No. 1529
F ro m : T h e Secretary
E ast Bengal S eco n d ary E d ucation Board, D acca.
To
T h e S ecretary , G o vern m en t of E ast Bengal
D ep artm en t o f E d ucation, D acca
D ated , D acca, the 12th A p ril, 1949.
S ir ,
In co n tin u a tio n o f this o ffice le tter N o . 15001 d a te d 6 .4 .4 9 in
reply to y ou r N o. 781 Edn. d ated 26/28.3.49, 1 am d irected to requ est
you to b e so g ood as to let this office know w hat be th e p o sitio n o f
U rd u v e r n a c u la r if U rd u is in clu d ed in th e list o f c la s s ic a l
la n g u ag es. T h e p ractice in C alcu tta u niv ersity is that s tu d e n ts w ho
o ffer U rd u as m ajo r vernacu lar are not perm itted to ta k e up U rd u as
c la s s ic a l la n g u a g e . W e th in k th e C alcu tta U n iv e rsity re g u la tio n s
s h o u ld b e a d o p te d h ere also , as o th e rw is e s tu d e n ts w h o o ffe r
B e n g a li as m a jo r v ern a cu la r w ill a lso clam o u r for B e n g a li to b e
ta k en up in lieu o f classical lan g u ag e as is the p ra c tice in C a lcu tta
U n iv e r s ity .
T h e p o sitio n o f U rdu as m ajo r v ern acu lar m ay th erefo re, p lease
b e cla rifie d as y o u r letter u n d er reference d o es n o t sa y a n y th in g in
th is re sp ect.
I have the h o n o u r to b e ,
S ir
Y o u r m ost o b ed ien t serv an t
S d / Ille g ib le
S e c r e ta r y
'h iw m w ?! •»Piei 9ra
G overnm ent of E ast Bengal

E d ucation D epartm ent
Eden Build ings
No. 1006-Edn. D acca, the 18th A p ril, 1949
To
T h e Secretary
East Bengal Secondary E d u cation Board,
D acca
Y o u r N o. 1500P d ated 6th A p ril, 1949, su g g estin g th at the
G overnm ent order as com m unicated to you in No. 781 Edn. dated 28th
M arch, 1949, m ay first be consid ered by the W orking C om m ittee and
the Board. I am d irected to say th at D irectiv es of G o v ern m en t are
not su b ject to the B oard 's ap p roval. T he m atter is o f u rgen t n atu re
and G o v ern m en t hav e receiv ed in fo rm atio n that the o rd er o f the
Board has already caused m u ch constern ation am ong the very large
n u m ber of stud ents w ho had taken U rdu as a classical language. It is
n ecessary th at the m atters sh o u ld be set righ t w ith o u t d elay. A
d irectiv e of G overn m ent h as got to be carried ou t by the Board . Th e
m a tter is to placed before the W o rk in g C o m m ittee an d the Board
su b sequ en tly only for their inform ation.
I am , th erefo re, to d irect y ou to carry ou t G o v ern m en t ord ers
u n d er reference w ithout furth er delay and report com pliance.
S d / Ille g ib le
Secretary to the G overn m en t o f E ast Bengal
D epartm ent o f Education
N o. 1 0 0 6 / l(l)-E d n .
C op y to the D irector o f Public Instruction, E ast Bengal.
D acca, the 18th A pril, 1949.
Sd /F. A. K arim
S e c re ta ry

Education D epartm ent
E den Building
N o. 1007-Edn. D acca, the 19th A p ril, 1949

To
T h e S e cre ta ry
E ast B en g al Second ary Education Board, D acca
«T?rf 'SjK.'Vf I'Hf'I'fl
R e f : H is L etter No. 15129 dated 12th A pril, 1949 and in con tin u ation
of th is o ffic e N o. 1006-Edn. d ate the 18th A p ril, 1949.
T h e u nd ersig n ed is directed to say that stu d en ts w h o o ffer Urdu

as m ajo r v ern acu lar should be p reclu d ed fro m taking it as a classical
language and also vice versa.
S d / Ille g ib le
Secretary to th e G overnm ent o f East Bengal
D ep artm en t o f E d ucation
No. 2 3 3 5 7 24907
From
To
The S e cre tary
East B en g al Seco n d ary Education Board
D a cca
To
Th e H e a d s of all Institu tions
u n d er the B oard (including local)
D ated , D acca, 21st A pril, 1949
S ir/ M a d a m ,
In su p p re ssio n o f all the previo u s o rd ers issued in co n n ectio n
w ith U rd u , I am d irected to say that U rd u is included in the list o f
cla ssica l la n g u a g es fo r m atric E x am in atio n with im m e d ia te effect
and th at stu d en ts w ho offer U rdu as m ajo r v ern acu lar a r e precluded
from tak in g it as a classical language a ls o v ice versa.
T e x t b o o k s and pieces to be read in U rdu as c la s s ic a l language
w ill b e th e sa m e as th o se n o tifie d in U rd u u n d e r the head
'A lte r n a tiv e V ern a cu la r'.
I have the h o n o u r to be,
S ir
Your m ost obed ien t servant
S d / O . G hani
S e cre ta ry
E ast B en g al Seco n d ary Education Board , D acca

N o. 26605
From
T h e S e c re ta ry
E ast B en g al S eco n d ary Education B oard , D acca
w n n ' s h c - g p r ^ ? ! ’i f e n a
In
Secretary, G overnm ent o f E ast Bengal
D epartm ent o f E d ucation, D acca
D ated : 25.4.1949
Sir,
W ith referen ce to y ou r letter No. 1006 Edn. dated 18/ 19.4.49, I
am d irected to say that a circu lar has b een issued to all in stitution s
co n cerned in clu d in g U rd u in th e list of classica l la n g u a g es w ith
im m ed iate e ffect and that a copy of o u r circu la r letter N o. 23 3 5 7
2 4 9 0 7 d a te d 2 1 .4 .4 9 on th e ab o v e is fo rw a rd e d h e re w ith fo r
in form ation.
I h ave the hon ou r to be,
S ir
Your m ost obedient servant
Sd/O . G hani
S e cre ta ry
O ffice N otes :
It is -very m u ch d o u b tfu l w h eth er the E ast Bengal S eco n d ary
E d ucation B oard can take up a final decision and give effect to the
sam e w ithou t the prior app roval o f the G overn m en t. T his involves
a m atter of policy and a decision by the G o v ern m en t w as necessary.
B efore any action is taken w e m ay consu lt D. P. I. and in the m ean
tim e the Board m ay be asked to suspend their circu lar order pending
a decision by the G overnm ent. For orders.
22.12.48
In th is c o n n e c tio n it m ay b e ad d ed th a t the E a st B en g a l
S e co n d a ry E d u c a tio n B oard is not e n tire ly v ested w ith m o re
e x ten siv e p o w ers than the C alcu tta or D acca U n iv ersity . T h ese
U n iv ersities are re q u ired to co m e up to G o v e rn m e n t fo r p rio r
app roval to any thing o f sim ilar nature.
23.12.48.
1 sh ou ld like to have D .P.Ps opinion.
In a m atter of policy like this the Board should not b e allow ed
to issue ord ers w ithou t previous approval o f the G overn m en t. The
D irector of Public Instruction, East Bengal, shou ld also be consulted.
T h ere m ay n o t any objection to m aking cla ssica l lan g u ag e or a
.’second ary language' com pulsory. But I think U rd u should b e treated
a s such for those w hose m other tongue it is not.
D .P.I. East Bengal
7 .1.1949.
srai
T h e c o u rs e s sy lla b u se s etc. fo rm p a r t of re g u la tio n s and

o rd in a n ces, and the C a lcu tta U n iv e rsity and the D a cca U n iv ersity
used to m ak e n ew ord inances and regu latio n s, a m a k e am en d m en ts
th ereto , w ith the previou s sa n ctio n of G o v ern m en t. The B oard m ust
also fo llo w the sam e p roced u re. The D .P .I. a g ree s w ith us. W hen
th e B o ard su b m it their p roposals to G o v ern m en t in the m a tter we
sh o u ld co n su lt th e D .P.I. and the Board sh o u ld rot co n s u lt the D.P.I.
d ir e c tly .
Education D ep artm en t
8.1 .4 9 .
T h e qu estion o f the introd u ction of U rdu a s a co m p u lso ry su bject
is b ein g co n sid ere d sep arately . It is not intended th a t U rd u should
b e tre a te d as o n e o f the c la s s ic a l la n g u a g e s . S o p e n d in g the
re co n stru ctio n o f our en tire e d u ca tio n a l system , w e m a y h av e no
o b je c tio n to B o a r d s p ro p o sa l. But i n m a tte rs like th is p rio r
ap p ro v al o f G o v ern m en t was necessary. Secondary E d u ca tio n Board
m ay b e inform ed accordingly. H. M . may see.
S e c re ta ry
5 .3 .4 9 .
U rd u h a s b e e n ad op ted as th e lan g u ag e of th e c e n tre b y the
co n stitu e n t A ssem bly. If our boys are to sh are C en tral Se rv ices, they
m u st p o sse s en o u gh know led ge o f U rd u . Though w e h a v e ad opted
B e n g a li as o u r o fficia l language, even then e n o u g h k n o w led g e of
U rd u w ill b e necessary because th e y s h a ll h a v e to c o rre sp o n d w ith
th e C e n tr e in U rd u and s h a ll h a v e to d e a l w ith c e n tr a l
correspondence.
T h e o n ly m eth o d b y w hich th ey can acq u ire th e k n o w led g e o f
U rd u im m ed iately is b y ad opting U rdu as th e ir cla ssica l lan guage.
M o st o f o u r b o ys take P ersian in stead o f A rabic a s th eir cla ssica l
la n g u ag e. K n o w led ge o f Persian m a y be regard ed a s d eco ration and
n o t d ress. If our b o y s take U rdu a s classical lan g u a g e, it w ill serve
th em w ell.
B efo re w e accep t U rd u as co m p u lso ry su bject in M atric, the old
o p tio n to tak e u rd u as a classical lan g u ag e m u st rem ain . In stead of
d isc o u ra g in g boys not to take U rd u , th ey sh ould b e en co u rag ed to
ta k e U rd u till such tim e when every boys in th e M atric is req u ired to
learn U rdu as a com pulsory subject.
S d / Ille g ib le
8 .3 .4 9 .
*MTI i f f e ’ TS
Issue o rd er accordingly.
8 .3 .49.
O rd er above.
N ote in the linked file m ay b e seen in this co n n ectio n . B efore
ord ers are issued the D .P.I. m ay b e requested to clarify the p osition
in regard to tak in g up o f U rd u in M atric E xam in ation . T he B oard ’s
view is that only the g irl ca n d id a tes have the o p tio n to take it ih
the M atric E xam in atio n in lieu o f C lassical L an gu age an d n ot as a
C la ssical Langu age.
T. H aque
16.3.49.
Letter N o. 15129 dated 12.4.49 from the Secondary E d ucation Board.
The p o in ts ra ise d in th e ( ...i ll e g ib le ) re q u ir e ca re fu l
co n sid era tio n . It is for o rd ers w h eth er the fair co p ie s o f o rd ers
sign ed by Secretary should issu e as they are, o r a reserv ation clau se
sh ould be added therein to the effect that stu d en ts w ho o ffer U rdu
as m ajo r v ern acu lar are p reclu d ed from tak in g U rd u as cla ssica l
lan g u ag e and vice versa. T h e file m ay at o n ce be su b m itted to the
S e cre ta ry fo r o rd e r w h eth er th e sig n ed le tte r sh o u ld issu e , or
w h eth er Secretary w ill be p leased to reco n sid er in the light' o f the
fact now stated in the (ille g ib le ...p .i.d .)
19.4.49.
Y e ste rd a y ’s d raft sh o u ld issue. A n o th er letter d ea lin g w ith x "
placed bellow for issue.
S e c re ta r y
19.4.49.
G o v ern m e n t o f E ast B en g al, B -P roceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l

A rch iv es, Education D epartm en t, Bundle - 85, D ecem ber, N ovem ber,
1952, Proceedings N o. 225-32.
^ne?n «T*rra s iw r a fo fo u i
A C op y of the resolu tion, as finally ad o p ted , m ay b e forw ard ed to

a ll D ep artm en t o f this G o v ern m en t for th eir p resen t in fo rm atio n .
D raft pu t up.
sP T T Jff§ T 5 P f3
B efo re g iv in g effect to the d ecisio n suitable B en g ali w o rd s shall

have to b e co in ed . F or this p u rp o se w e n a y perhaps a s k Education
D e p a rtm en t to form a C om m ittee of good s c h o la rs (w e ll v ersed in
B en gali) w h o w ill be asked to fin ish th e ii t a s k by a fixed date.
A fte r se le c tio n o f personnel o f th e C o m m ittee the D ire cto r of
P u blicity m a y b e asked to issue a press note.
S u b m itte d
S d / Ille g ib le
25.5.1949
In stru ctio n s a re solicited as to steps to b e taken in t h e m atter. It
m ay b e n e c e s s a r y to ascertain th e w ish es o f th e C a b in et in the
m a tter and to obtain d irection s fro m H.P.M . (P rim e M in ister)
S d / Ille g ib le
2 7 .5.1949
D ep u ty S ecreta ry
T h e cru x of the m atter is th e p o litical d ifficu ltie s' w h ich at

first to be (illeg ib le). D irection of H .P .M . may be taken.
S d / Ille g ib le
2 9 .5.1949
C h ief S e cre ta ry
In v iew o f C .S 's n o te (at the bo tto m prepage) n o fu rth er action
p e rh a p s need be taken in this D ep artm en t. T h is file may b e closed
a fte r E d u ca tio n D ep artm en t have seen.
9 .6 .1 9 4 9
E d u ca tio n D ep artm en t
Seen , th an k s. The File m ay g o back to the H o m e (P.M .) D ep artm en t.
G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B engal, B -P roceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l
A r c h iv e s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, H om e B ra n c h , B u n d le 4 8 , Ju ly ,
1949, P ro ceed in g s N o. 11-12.
srscpi
A g e n d a fo r th e T h ird M e e tin g o f the A d v iso ry B o a rd of

E d u c a tio n fo r P ak istan to be held a t D acca o n the 14th, 15th and
1 6 th D ecem b er, 1949.
SPfl 4|it#*r|oicri<5 n1=1=1‘?T5
A genda placed by the D acca U niversity

14. For a d m in istra tiv e an d c u ltu r a l re aso n s P a k ista n m u st
en co u rag e b o th B en g ali and U rd u . B en g ali b ein g the lan g u ag e of
m ore than 50% of P akistan is p o p u latio n requires recogn ition even
from th e W est P ak istan so th at a d m in istrato rs b elo n g in g to W est
P a k ista n w h en p o ste d to E ast P a k ista n , m ay u n d e rs ta n d the
la n g u a g e an d w ay s o f th e p e o p le in the E ast. S im ila rly E ast
Pakistan m u st encourage U rdu in schools and colleges. A coordinated
p o licy an d g en ero u s fin a n cia l aid fo r the n ex t ten y ea rs w ould
a p p ear to be d efin ite ly n ecessary b o th on g ro u n d s of p o licy and
justice.
G o v ern m en t o f E ast B en g al, B-P roceed in g s, E du cation D ep artm en t,

B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l A rc h iv e s, B u n d le N o . 9 2, A p ril, 1953,
Proceedings N o. 597-607.
■'rfsTpTO : 8«
TiTi>rc<r<i
'6 1 '^ '* sraagcl C^Rf'STH :
H U R U FU L Q U R A N C O N F E R E N C E
A con feren ce in su p p o rt of the adoption o f H uruful Q uran or A rabic
scrip t for the B en g ali lan g u ag e in E ast P ak ista n w as h eld in the
R ah m atu llah M odel H igh S ch oo l at D acca on the 12th A ugust, 1951
u n d er, the p re sid e n cy o f th e g reat Pir S ah eb of S a rsin a , A l-H ajj
M au lan a Sh ah Su fi N isaru d d in A h m ad , P re sid e n t E ast P ak istan
Ja m ia t-i U lam a-i-Islam . T h ere w ere 350 d eleg ates rep resen tin g all
the D istricts o f E ast B engal havin g d iffere n t a ffilia tio n s, p o litical
o r o th e r w is e . A m o n g th e n o ta b le s p r e s e n t w ere M a u la n a
M u h am m ad A kram K h an, M aulana M ufti D een M uham m ad K han,
C h a irm an o f the R ecep tio n C o m m ittee o f the co n fere n ce . Jejnab
F a z lu l K a rim M .A . B .L ., retired S u b o rd in a te Ju d g e an d V ice-
C h a irm a n o f th e R e ce p tio n C o m m ittee , Ja n a b N a jm u l H u sain
C hou d h ury M .A ., retired Inspector o f Schools and G en eral Secretary
o f the C on feren ce, M au lana Sam su l Haq, M au lan a Sh ah A bu Ja fa r
M u h a m m a d S a leh S a h ib z a d a o f S a rsin a , Ja n a b A b d u l H ak im
V ik ra m p u ri, M .L .A ., Jan ab M ajd u d d in A hm ed C h o u d h u ry , retired
P rin c ip a l, S y lh e t M .C . C o lle g e , Ja n a b A b d u l H a m id , M em b er
C o n stitu e n t A ssem b ly , Jan ab F azlu i Q ad ir C h o u d h u ry , C h airm an ,
D is t r ic t B o a rd , C h itta g o n g , M a u la n a Z u lf iq u r A li, Sw am i
K a lju g a n a n d a w ith a n u m b er o f fo llo w ers, Ja n a b R a sh id A h m ed
Ja y a g i, V ic e -C h a irm a n D istric t B oard , N o a k h a li, Ja n a b D ew an
A h b ab C h o u d h u ry B.A ., B id y a Binod, la te fellow o f the C a lcu tta
U n iv e rsity and E x-M .L .A . M au lan a A bd u l A ziz M .L .A . an d K han
B ah ad u r G h u lam M ustafa, Z am in d ar, Sylh et an d e x -m e m b e r o f the
C o u n cil o f State.
T h e p ro ceed in g s began at 4 P.M . w ith re cita tio n from the H oly
Q uran. Poet N u rud d in o f Sarsina recited a poem in B e n g a li com p osed
by him and w ritten in A rabic scrip t in support o f the H u ru fu l Q uran.
M essag es received from m any prom inent and n o ta b le person s o f the
P ro v in ce su p p orting.th e m ovem ent and w ish ing its su cce ss w ere read
in the conference.
T h e Pir S a h e b in h is p resid en tial a d d ress laid g re a t stre ss on
th e Is la m ic id e o lo g y w h ic h sh o u ld b e fo llo w e d by a ll th e
M u sa lm a n s o f P a k ista n and in o rd er to realise th e o b je ct it w as
ess e n tia ] th at the lan g u ag e an d lite ra tu re o f East B en g al sh o u ld
follow the letter an d sp irit o f the H oly Q u ran . H e e m p h a sise d that
it w as hig h tim e th at the m o v em en t should b e lau n ch ed on a m ass
sca le in o rd er to ach iev e its en d and for this p u rp o se an A n ju m an
should be form ed for conducting the m ovem ent on a n organised basis.
M au lan a M ufti D een M oham m ad Khan C h airm an o f the R ecep tio n
C o m m ittee had ea rlier p ointed out in h is ad d ress th a t the ad op tion
o f th e A ra b ic s c fip t fo r th e B en g ali la n g u a g e w o u ld b rin g the
m o th er tongue of the M uslim s o f E ast Bengal w ith in the fold o f the
fa m ily o f Isla m ic lan g u ag es and it w o u ld m a k e it ea sy fo r the
p e o p le o f W e st P a k ista n to le arn the la n g u a g e o f E a st B en g al
w ith o u t m u ch affo rts. M au lan a M d. A kram K h an s a id th at h e had
b ee n serv in g th e n atio n for th e last 50 y ears and h e w ou ld b e the
g rea test loser if A rabic script w as adopted for the B e n g a li language.
H is p ress, his p ap er and his v ast p u blicatio n s w o u ld all h a v e to be
re p la c e d or re m o d e lle d at a h u g e co st. S till h e w as re a d y to
s a c rific e all fo r th e sak e o f Isla m ic re n aissan ce in th e la n g u a g e of
the p rovin ce.
D r. M o h iy u d d in of the D acca U niversity said th a t A rab ic script
w as th e m o st b e a u tifu l of all th e sc rip t in the w o rld an d w as
s u p e rio r to them in sim p licity of stru ctu re an d sp e e d in w ritin g in
6T*T 'OIIC'*T|ciC't<! ‘r&«1<Ta
long hand . H e claim e d that the ad o p tio n o f A rabic scrip t for the
b e n g a li lan g u ag e w ou ld h asten the sp read o f literacy am o n g the
m asses.
Sw am i K alju ag an an d a, in an im p ressiv e sp eech , ad v ised E ast
P a k istan is to rem ov e p e rm an en tly the threat o f co m m o n -cu ltu re
stunt o f Syam a Prasad M u k herji and Co. by adopting the Pak A rabic
scrip t for the language and literatu re of East Bengal.
T h e S ah ib zad a o f S a rsin a , A l-H ajj M au lan a Sh a h A b u Ja fa r
M u h am m ad Salih d eclared th at at th e last Isal S a w a b M ah fil at
S a rsin a, the qu estio n o f rep lacin g the Brahm i Scrip t by the A rabic
S crip t w as pu t b efo re the h u g e assem b ly o f fifty th ou san d peop le-
w ith on e voice am id st cries o f A llah A kbar, they all su p p orted the
A ra b ic scrip t. If they co u ld o rg an ise the m o v em en t p o rp erly , the
en tire population of East Bengal w ould be united in their d em and for
the proposed change.
Ja n a b A bd u l H am id , M em b er, C o n stitu e n t A sse m b ly , Ja n a b
M ajd u d d in C hou d h ry M .A ., R etired Principal Sy lh et M .C . C ollege,
M aulana Sham sul H uq of Faridpu r and others also spoke in support
of the M ovem ent.
T h e follo w in g re so lu tio n s w ere u n an im o u sly ad o p ted in the
co n fere n ce:
R E S O L U T IO N S
1. W h ereas ever since the establish m en t of P akistan , there has been
a g row in g and persistent dem and for the ad option o f H uruful Q uran
or A ra b ic scrip t fo r the B en g ali lan g u ag e in E a st P a k ista n from
v a rio u s re sp o n sib le an d in flu en tia l q u a rte rs in clu d in g Ja m ia t-i-
U la m a i M a s h r iq i P a k is ta n , J a m ie t - i- M u d a r r is in , M a s h r iq i
P a k istan , and Jam iate H izb u llah , E ast P ak istan , as an im p o rtan t
step tow ard s the ed u catio n al ad van cem en t and cu ltu ra l reg en era
tion o f the people o f the Province.
W h ereas this co n fere n ce of th e re p rese n tativ e s o f the variou s
d is tric ts o f E ast P a k ista n h av in g d iffe re n t a ffilia tio n s , p o litica l
and o th erw ise, is d efin itely and em p h atically o f o p in io n that the
ad op tion of H uruful Q uran or A rabic script for the B engali language
of E a st Pakistan w ith su ch variation s as are n ecessary to rep resen t
the p ecu liar sound s of the language as has b een d o n e in the case of
P ersian and U rdu, w ould be to the best ad van tag e o f the p eop le of
the P ro v in ce ed u catio n ally , cu ltu rally and p o litically .
»Wl trfqq'5T3
W h ereas all the M uslim s h a v e to read the H oly Q u ra n in the

Q u ran ic (A rab ic) scrip t as an o b lig ato ry d u ty an d all co m m u n itie s
in c lu d in g th e m in o ritie s in P a k ista n h a v e to le a r n U rd u fo r
in te r p r o v in c ia l re q u ire m e n ts, the re p la c e m e n t o f th e p re s e n t
B en g ali sc rip t d eriv ed from S a n sk rit by th e Q u ran ic sc rip t for the
B e n g a li la n g u a g e w ill e le m in a te th e m u ltip lic ity o f sc rip ts an d
g rea tly h elp th e spread o f m ass ed u catin in the p ro v in ce b o th for
the ch ild re n and ad ults in as m u ch as it w ill relieve th e learn ers o f
the b u rd e n o f an a d d itio n a l s c rip t w h ich c o n s titu te s a g re a t
h a n d ic a p to th em as co m p a re d w ith th e ir c o m p a trio ts in th e
W estern part o f Pakistan.
W h e re a s in the op in ion o f th is co n fe re n ce th e a d o p tio n o f
A ra b ic sc rip t w ill en rich the B en g li lan g u ag e and lite r a tu r e as it
has d o n e P ersian , U rd u and o th e r Islam ic lang u ag es b y allo w in g a
n atu ral an d ev er increasing flow of w ords, ph arases, re fe re n c e s and
allu sio n s from A rabic and P ersian - the p rin cip al so u rces o f Islam ic
cu ltu re an d tran d itio n s and w ill thereby lead to a ra p id cu ltu ra l
re n a issan ce o f the M uslim s of E ast Pakistan.
W h e re a s a la rg e n u m b er o f A rabic an d P e rs ia n w o rd s are
a lread y in use in th e m other to n g u e of the peop le o f E a st P ak istan
and m an y m o re are finding p laces in it, these w ords w h e n w ritten in
A ra b ic s c r ip t w ill ap p e ar in th e ir o rig in a l form a n d th e reb y
e lim in a te c h a n c e s o f m isp ro n u n cia tio n in h e re n t in the p re se n t
B en g a li sc rip t and w ill b rin g in to p ro m in en ce the b a s ic u nity in
sp irit an d v o cab u lary betw een th e Bengali o f E ast B en g a l an d U rdu.
W h e re a s fo rm erly o u r fo re fa th e rs a ls o w ro te B e n g a li in the
Q u ran ic scrip t w hich is proved b y hund red s o f books a n d d ocu m en ts
in ex isten ce.
W h ereas th e p resent B en gali scrip t is a n im p o sitio n on M u slim s
re m in is c e n t o f the days w h en ca ste H in d u s got c o n t r o l o f the
ed u ca tio n al m achin ery o f G overn m ent.
W h e re a s in all the M u slim co u n tries o f th e w o rld , w ith the
e x c e p tio n of E ast P ak istan , A rab ic scrip t is used fo r all the local
la n g u a g es, the ad option o f A rabic scrip t for B engali w ill brin g about
a lin g u istic an d cu ltu ral affin ity betw een E ast P a k ista n and all the
M u slim co u n tries in general an d betw een the E astern and W estern
w in g s o f P akistan in particular.
W h e re a s th e a d o p tio n of th e above co u rse w ill fa cilita te the
sp rea d o f B en g ali lan g u ag e an d literatu re, am on g o u r b reth ren in
W est P akistan and w ill ensure w id er recognition for o u r w riters.
W hereas, in the o p in io n of this co n ference, the proposed ch an ge
of s c r ip t w ill n o t lead to a b re a k w ith th e e x is tin g B e n g a li
literatu re in as m u ch as the ch a n g e o v er to A rab ic scrip t w ill be
g rad u al and sp read o v er n u m b er o f y ears w hich w ill give am p le
tim e for the tra n slite ra tio n o f su ch p o rtio n s o f ex istin g B en g ali
literatu re as are likely to be in d em and .
W h e ra s th is co u rse w ill re n d e r it p o ssib le to p rin t A ra b ic,
Persian, U rdu and B en g ali in o n e and the sam e scrip t and type and
w ill thereby greatly redu ce cap ital and recurring cost of printing.
W h ereas in the o p in io n o f th is co n feren ce the ad option o f the
reform ed and sim p lified B engali scrip t as is reported to h ave been
recom m ended by the L anguage C om m ittee w il only m ake confusion
w o rse co n fo u n d ed w ith o u t re liev in g the e x istin g b u rd en o f the
m u ltip licity o f sc rip ts w hich can be av o id ed o n ce for all by the
ad o p tio n o f A rabic script.
W h ereas this co n feren ce is d efinitely o f op in ion that the m asses
o f E ast P akistan are so lid ly in su p p o rt o f the rep la cem en t o f the
B en g ali scrip t by the H u ru fu l Q u ran and is p rep ared to prove the
truth o f this claim in a cou ntry w id e plebiscite.
W h ereas in a co u n try in w hich 84% o f the peop le are illiterate
the proposed chan g e o f scrip t can be effected w ith ou t any d ifficu lty
in resp ect of the prog ress of m ass ed u cation , and w ill accelerate the
pace of it, the A rabic scrip t b ein g alread y fam iliar to m ost o f the
peop le through the H oly Q uran.
W h ereas h o p es o f an n exing E ast Bengal to B h arat en tertain ed
an d g iv e n e x p re sio n to by B h arati in flu e n tia l H in d u le a d e rs
from tim e to tim e arise from the su pposed co m m o n cu lture betw een
W est B en g al and E ast B en g al w hich is in reality a C aste H in d u
cu ltu re im p o sed o n M uslim s and restin g on the S a n sk ritic scrip t
of the la n g u a g e an d w h ereas th e re p la n c e m e n t o f th is sc rip t
by Q u ran ic scrip t w ill be the qu ickest and su rest w ay o f secu rin g
o u r cu ltu ral em a n cip a tio n as also of sa fe g u a rd in g ou r p o litica l
freedom .
W h erea s P ak istan is to b e an Islam ic S ta te in term s o f the
O b je ctiv e s R eso lu tio ns p assed by th e C o n stitu e n t A ssem bly , an d
w h ere a s all c itiz e n s o f this S ta te , sp e cia lly M u slim s h a v e the
und eniable right of using the Q u ran ic script for w riting their m other
tongue.
oT*n -w -v m m
This co n feren ce does hereby re so lv e:

1. (a) that a n appeal b e m a d e to the p e o p le of E a s t P a k ista n
ex p lain in g to th em th e ad van tag es of th e p o rp o se d ch an ge o f script
and u rg in g u p o n them to u s e th e A rabic sc rip t in a ll th eir
e d u ca tio n a l and o th e r in stitu tio n s a n d in p riv a te co rresp o n d en ces
and, to p re ss for its recogniciton b y the G overnm en ts, b o th Provincial
and C en tra l.
(b ) T h a t the G o v ern m en t of E a st P ak istan be urged —
(i) to a c c e p t the u n a n im o u s d em an d of t h e M a d r a s a h s fo r
teach in g B e n g a li through A rab ic script.
(ii) to form u late a ten-year p lan f o r the g ra d u a l a d o p tio n o f the
A ra b ic sc rip t in p lace of B en g a li in a ll the sch o o ls a n d co lleges in
the co u n try and.
(iii) in the m eantim e, to accord fu ll freed o m and o p tio n to the
citiz en s to ex e rcise th eir in h e re n t rig h t in th e m a tter o f the ch o ice
o f th e s c rip t an d re m o v e all o b stacles in th e ir w a y , le g a l o r
o th e rw is e .
2. R eso lv e d that a d ep u ta tio n b e arran g ed to w a it u p o n the
H o n 'b le th e C h ie f M in ister, th e E d u c a tio n M in is te r an d o th e r
M in iste rs of E a st P akistan and also o n the H on 'ble P rim e M in ister
and E d u catio n M inister, G ovt, o f Pakistan t o im press u p o n them the
im p o rtan ce and advang o f the p ro p o se d change o f scrip t and to u rge
u p o n th em the necessity o f tak in g step s f o r im p lem en ta tio n of the
sam e.
3. R e so lv e d that an a p p e a l be m ade to th e m e m b ers o f the
m in o rity co m m u n ities to accept the p ro p o se d change o f scrip t for the
B e n g a li la n g u a g e in th eir o w n b e s t in terest a s th e M u slim s o f
B h a ra t a r e a c c e p tin g D ev N a g ri sc rip t in c o m p lia n c e w ith the
d ecisio n o f the G o v ern m en t of B h arat.
4. T h is co n fere n ce ap p eals to th e n o n -B e n g a li-sp ea k in g peop le
o f E a st an d W e st P ak istan to c u ltiv a te the stu d y o f B en g a li
la n g u ag e and literatu re in A rab ic scrip t w h ich w ill b e very easy for
th em an d w h ich w ill prom ote clo se r u nd erstand ing b e tw e e n them
a n d the p e o p le o f East B e n g a l an d w ill thereby s tre n g th e n the
n a tio n a l so lid arity o f P akistan.
5 . T h is c o n fe re n c e re c o rd s it s d e e p a p p r e c ia tio n of the
v a lu a b le and d isin terested serv ices ren d ered b y M au lan a Zulfiqar
A li o f C h itta g o n g a s a p io n e er of th e m o v em e n t for re v iv a l o f the
u se o f A ra b ic sc rip t in w ritin g B e n g a li fro m lo n g b e fo re the
e sta b lish m e n t o f P akistan at g re a t p e rso n a l sacrifices.
6 . R eso lv ed that this co n fe re n ce o ffers its w arm est co n g ra
tu la tio n to the G o v e rn m e n t o f P ak istan fo r in itia tin g in E ast
P ak istan an ed x p e rim e n ta l sch e m e o f A d u lt E d u ca tio in th rou gh
B en g ali in A rab ic sc rip t to g e th e r w ith the te a ch in g o f the h o ly
Q u ra n and elem e n ta ry re lig io u s in stru ctio n s in th e sam e scrip t,
w hich is proving a g reat su ccess and for w hich th ere is a grow in g
d em and from th e p eo p le o f the areas w here ex p erim en t is b ein g
m ad e.
7. R esolved th at th e G o v ern m en t o f P ak istan b e requ ested to
expan d the exp erim ental schem e an ensure its perm anence.
8 . R eso lv e d th a t the G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B en g a l b e also
requested to give its p atronage and recognition to the H uruful Q uran
m ovem ent.
9. R esolved th at the C en tral A d visory B oard o f E d u ca tio n be
requested to ad vise G o vern m en t as to the best co u rse that should be
ad op ted for the tran sliteratio n o f the u sefu l an d stan d ard B engali
literatu re into A rab ic script.
10. R esolved that w ith a view to p opu larise the H u ru fu l Q uran
m ovem ent and o rg anise it on a perm anent basis a society be form ed
and registered u nd er the n am e o f "A nju m an H u ru fu l Q u ran , East
P akistan " an d that an O rg an isin g C o m m ittee b e form ed w ith the
fo llo w in g p erso n s to p re p are the m em o ran d u m and a rtic le s o f
A ssociation for the proposed society and take all n ecessary step s for
its registration and o fficial recognition —
1. M aulana M uham m ad A kram Khan.

2. M aulana M u fti D een M uham m ad Khan
3. M au lan a Sh ah A bu Jafar M d. Saleh of Sarsin a.
4. Janab N ajm u l H ussain C houdhry, M .A.
5. Jan ab Fazlu l K arim , M .A ., B.L.
6. Janab A bd u l H akim , A d vocate H. C ou rt, D acca.
7. Janab M oinu ddin C houdhury, M.L.
8. Jan ab R ashid A hm ad Jayag i,
9. P rin cip al Jan ab Sh aik h Sh arfud d in , M .A .
10. P oet N u ru d d in A hm ad o f Sarsina
11. Jan ab S h arif A bdu l K adir R ah m atp u ri o f Sarsina.
12. R e s o lv e d th a t th e G o v e rn m e n t o f P a k is ta n and the
G o v ern m en t o f East Bengal b e requested to give su bstan tial
gran ts to the said society.
\oo * j£ l5 P R !
13. R eso lv ed that c o p ie s of the re so lu tio n s p a ss e d at th is

co n fe re n ce b e se n t to (a) H .E . the G overn or G e n e ra l, H o n 'b le th e
P rim e M in ister, H on 'ble the E d ucation M in is te r an d oth er H on 'ble
M in is te rs o f the G o v ern m e n t of P a k is ta n (b ) H.E. the G o v e rn o r,
H o n 'b le the P rim e M inster, a n d other M in is te rs o f East B en g al (c)
a ll M em b ers of th e C o n stitu en t A sse m b ly a n d all M .L .A ’s of E a st
B e n g a l (d) T h e P resid en t, S e c re ta ry and m em bers o f the W o rk in g
C o m itte e o f A ll P ak. M u slim League, th e P re s id e n t the S e cre ta ry
a n d m em b ers of th e W orking C om m ittee o f th e East B en gal M uslim
L eag u e, P resid ent and Secretaries o f D istrict M u slim L eag u e and (e)
P re s id e n t an d S e cre ta ries o f the C e n tr a l and P ro v in cia l Ja m ie t-i-
U la m a -i-Isla m in Pakistan.
G o v e rn m e n t of E ast B e n g a l, B -P r o c e e d in g s , H o m e , E d u c a tio n ,
N a t io n a l A r c h iv e s o f B a n g la d e s h , B u n d le - 9 6 , J u ly , 1 9 5 3 ,
P ro ceed in g s N o. 244-47.
: 88
C o p y o f L ette r N o . 673/ 3-E d n ., dated 1 s t M arch , 1 952, from the

D ep u ty Secretary to the G o v ern m e n t of E ast B en g al, E d u cation and
R e g istra tio n D ep artm en t to th e R eg istrar, D acca U n iv ersity .
S u b je c t : In tro d u ctio n o f B en g ali as co m p u lsory su b ject from class IV
o n w a rd s to non Bengali sp eaking pupils.
In co n tin u atio n of this D ep artm en t M em o No. 1 5 5 3 E d n ., dated
th e 16th M a y , 1951, the u n d e rsig n e d is d ir e c te d to s ta te th at
G o v e rn m e n t h av e decided to in tro d u ce B en g ali a s a co m p u lso ry
su b je ct from class IV onw ards to non-B engali sp e a k in g p u p ils o f the
P ro v in c e , w ith e ffect from th e year 1952. Im m e d ia te action should
b e tak en in g iving effect to th is decision.
2. G o v e rn m e n t also ap p rov e th e C o m m itte e c o n s is tin g o f the
fo llo w in g p e rso n n e l fo r p re p a rin g the B e n g a li s y lla b u s for non-
B en g a li sp eakin g pupils o f cla ss IV to C la ss V II.
(1) Mr. A . Sobhan, A ssistan t D ire cto r of P u b lic In stru ctio n for
P rim ary E d u cation , East B engal - C onvenor.
(2) Mr. Syed A li Ahsan, L e c tu re r in B en g a li, D acca U n iv ersity .
(3 ) M r. S h a m s u l H u d a , L e c tu r e r in E n g lis h , Isla m ic
In te rm e d ia te C o lleg e, D acca.
T h e C o m m ittee sh o u ld su b m it th eir reco m m en d atio n th rou gh
the D irector of P ublic In struction w ithin 6 w eeks.
3 . It is ex p ected that the e x istin g sta ff o f the sch o o ls w h ere
arra n g em en t fo r teach in g B en g ali alread y ex ists, w ill b e b a le to
teach Bengali to n o n -B en gali sp eak in g pupils.
4. As regard s G overnm en t schools the w orks should be m anaged
as fa r as p o ssib le w ith the ex istin g staff, failing w h ich p rop osal for
a d d itio n a l s ta ff fu lly ju s tifie d by fa cts and fig u re s, m ay b e
subm itted to G overnm ent for consideration.
5. The East B en gal S eco n d ary E d ucation Board, D acca, is being
inform ed.
M em o No. 13346-7 R am na, D acca, the 18th M arch 1952.
C opy forw arded t o :
(1) M r. Syed A li A hsan, L ectu rer in Bengali, D acca U niversity.
(2) M r. S h a m su l H u d a, L ectu rer in E n glish , Islam ic In term e
d iate C ollege, D acca, for inform ation and necessary action.
S d / Ille g ib le
R e g is tra r
D -R eg ister, D h aka U n iv ersity R ecord R oom , B und le N o. 171, File
N o. 52, 1953.
TRsm : 8 <t
?nf^5J VSrfac*1<|
To
T h e C h ie f S ecretary
G ov ern m ent o f East Bengal
Eden B uild ings, D acca.
D ear Jan ab,
I h a v e the h o n ou r to apply for reco g n itio n o f our o rg an isatio n
"T h e M ash req i P ak istan L iterary M ajlis" the co n stitu tio n and few
o th er leaflets of w h ich are enclosed w herew ith .
The M ajlis is pu rely a cu ltural bod y and its m ain fu n ction is to
p re a ch Islam ic id eology through literatu re so th at the p eop le m ay
n o t be attracted tow ards C om m unism and u n-Islam ic ideas.
^>8—
T h e M em b e rs o f the M ajlis su p p o rt culture o f A ra b ic lan g u ag e
an d s c r ip t a lo n g w ith U rd u and P e rsia n . T h e ir v iew is that
grad ually B en g ali lan guage should be replaced b y A rab ic and U rdu
and B e n g a li sh o u ld b e tau ght in A rabic scrip t s o th a t they m ay
acquire p ro ficien cy in A rabic and U rdu easily.
T h e M ajlis h as a lso taken u p p ro g ram m e o f o rg a n isin g a d u lt
classes in East P ak istan . It has sta rte d 2 ad u lt schools in D acca and
2 M ad rasas in m o fu sil. Dem and is bein g m ad e from several d istricts
fo r h elp in e sta b lish in g ad u lt sc h o o l to teach A ra b ic a n d Pak
B en gali (B e n g a l in A rab ic scrip t). As soon as fu n d s a re av ailab le,
step w ill b e taken to m eet such d em and .
W e h av e a lso intention to p lace su gg estio n s to the a u th o rities on
a d v isa b ility o f am e n d in g e x istin g s y lla b u s for a d o p tio n o f P ak
B en g a li sc rip t a s w e ll as for im p ro v e m e n t of s y lla b u s in A rab ic
language as w ell as fo r adoption o f schem e fo r co m p ilatio n o f b ooks
on Isla m ic id eo lo g y w ith referen ce to scien ce and m od ern su b jects
like E co n o m ics and Politics.
I, th erefo re, req u est on b eh alf of M em b e rs of o u r M ajlis that ou r
o rg anisation be gran ted recognition and oblige.
Sd . M r. B eh th a r A li
T h e S e cre ta ry ,
T h e M ash req i P a k ista n L iterary M ajlis
G o v ern m e n t o f E ast B engal, B -P ro ceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l

A r c h i v e s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, H om e B ran ch , B u n d le N o. 74.
M ay, 1953. P ro ceed in g No.
■'rfa^’ ra : 8 i>
sfF tr?? s r t «jicwf*r<b
M em oran d u m o f the Reception C om m ittee o f the P rovincial A n ju m an

M o h ajareen , M a sh riq i Pakistan, D acca to H . E. G u lam M u h am m ad ,
G o v ern o r G en eral, P akistan, August, 1952.
E n fo rcem e n t o f U rdu and P a k Bangla as C en tral and R eg io n al
Languages
'iiiw ieiw s
E n fo rcem en t of U rd u as the C en tral and Pak Bangla in A rabic

sc rip t as the R e g io n a l an d L a n g u a g e o f E ast P a k ista n . T h is is
essen tial fo r' th e cu ltu ra l u n ifica tio n o f the N atio n . T h e sim p le
h isto rical fact is the U rd u is the so u l of P ak istan an d P akistan is
the bod y o f U rdu and U rd u and P akistan rep resen t the tw o greatest
spiritual con qu est of Islam in the Ind o-Pak sub-continent.
It is essen tia l th at U rd u sh o u ld b e m ad e co m p u lso ry su b ject
of E x am in atio n in th e H ig h er P rim ary sta g es o f cla s s V and VI
and the M a tricu la tio n E x a m in a tio n in all P ro v in ces w h ere it is
n ot th e m e d iu m o f in stru ctio n . It is a lre a d y so in S in d , the
P u n ja b , F ro n tie r, B a lu ch ista n an d K a sh m ir. T h e E a st B en g al
G o v ern m en t in 1952 m ad e U rdu com p u lsory in class V & VI of the
P rim ary stag e. It is now n ecessa ry that U rd u sh o u ld b e m ad e
com p ulsory su bject o f E xam ination in the M atricu lation Exam ination
also. T h e M o h a jir s also d esire th at P a k -B an g la in A rab ic scrip t
should be tau ght to their U rd u stud en ts in E ast Bengal as it is bound
to help assim ilation the M o h ajirs and in O n e B rotherhood .
E arm ark R upees O ne C rore for D evelop m en t o f U rd u and Pak-
Bangla in East Pakistan.
T h e M u slim s re q u e st th e P ak istan G o v ern m e n t to ea rm a rk
R upees O ne C rore for p o p u larisin g and d ev elo p m en t o f U rdu and
PA K B E N G A L A O N Islam ic and P akistan L in es in E ast Bengal for
p ro d u c in g lite ra tu re , p u b lish in g b o o k s, tra in in g te a ch e rs and
o p en in g day and n ig h t sch o o ls, M ass E d u catio n C en tres throu gh
m edium of Pak-Bangla in A rabic script and Urdu.
T h ere is n o t an iota o f doubt th at this schem e o f the prom otion
of U rd u an d P a k -B a n g la sid e by sid e A ra b ic s c r ip t sh a ll
re v o lu tio n iz e E ast P ak istan and so lv e all lin g u is t ic p ro b lem s of
P akistan accord ing to the sp irit of Pakistan.
Is R u p e es O n e C ro re too m u ch fo r th is m o st v ita l N atio n -
B u ild in g pro ject. Is there an y th in g m ore im p o rta n t for cu rtailin g
u n ify in g P ak istan than this sch em e? If n e c e ss a r y th e P a k ista n
G o v e rn m e n t, like the S iste r B h a r a t e e G o v e rn m e n t, sh o u ld be
p rep ared to sp en d crores and crores for this o b ject and foster and
su p p o rt w riters, poets, au th o rs, ed u catio n ists and field w orkers for
the cau se of U rdu and P ak B angla. C u ltu rally sp eakin g th is is the
N atio n -B u ild in g in real sense. This is m ore. T h is is the u nification
*08 oTCl '0||C'*rieH»l<) k i& e l^ ra
c f the h earts and m ind s o f th e peop le o f the E a s t a n d W est and as

su ch th e g re a te s t D efen ce o f P a k is ta n b e c a u se th e S p ir itu a l
S o lid a rity an d U n ity o f the N a tio n is th e g reatest fa c to r o f h ig h
N a tio n al M o rale an d Security.
It they lik e the H indus c a n retain S an sk rit S crip t bu t P a k ista n i
B en g ala m u st be d elin k ed fro m B haratee B ra h m in ism and relin k ed
w ith th e Q u ran an d Islam through the A rabic Scrip t.
W e h a v e n o te d w ith sa tisfa c tio n th e re a ctio n s o f M r. H. S.
S u h ra w a rd y the D isso lu tio n o f the C o n sem b ly ... T h e re c a n be no
M in istry in th e E a st Pakistan u n less the P o p u la r P a rtie s p u rg e o u t
c o m m u n ist and A n ti-P a k ista n is, reg ain co n fid e n ce of M o h a jir s ,
recast their p ro g ram es an d g ive up the absurd C laim o f So v ereign ty
for E ast P akistan as one In teg ral nation a n d o n e In teg ral S ta te an d
a ccep t State L an g u ag e o f P ak istan and P a k B en g a la a s a R eg io n al
State L an gu age in E ast Bengal. U nless th ese co n d itio n s a re fulfilled
an y N ew M inistry shall b e d isastro u s.
G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B eng al, B -P ro ceed in g s, B a n g la d e s h N a tio n a l

A r c h i v e s , P o litic a l D ep a rtm en t, B u n d le N o. 13 9 , P r o c e e d in g s
N o. 10-20.
'Spn Tfsptrt •t'sw
T h e b o o k let ’P akistan L an gu age Form ula’ is a stu d y o f the L an gu age

p ro b le m o f P a k ista n w ith sp e cial re fe ren ce to the S ta te L an gu age
p ro b le m . T h e a u th o r d is c u s s e s v a rio u s a sp e cts o f the p ro b lem
re fe rrin g to v ario u s other co u n tries and sta tistic s on th e p o p u latio n
o f P akistan. H is recom m end ation s a re m ainly :
i. A ra b ic sh o u ld be th e In tern atio n al L an gu age o f the M uslim
W orld ;
ii. U rd u should b e the In ter-P rovincial L in g u a -fra n ca of P ak istan ;
an d
iii. B e n g a li in A ra b ic S c r ip t shou ld b e th e S ta te , C o u rt and
E d u c a tio n L an g u ag e in th e P ro v in cia l sp h ere o f E ast Bengal,
(p ag e 36-40)
T h e a u th o r to ju stify h is c o n te n tio n th at B e n g a li sp e a k in g
M u slim are the m inority in P ak istan — h a s given a s ta tis tic s w hich
■®T*T[
if co m p ared w ith the latest C en su s rep ort is found to b e w rong. H e

has also exclu d ed the B engali sp eak in g H indus o f East Bengal from
his c o n sid e ra tio n in d ecid in g the S ta te L an g u a g e o f P a k ista n .
The in c o rre c tn e ss o f his fig u re w ill b e seen from the follo w in g
com parison :
P op u lation F ig u re g iv e n Figure accord ing to

by the au th or the last C ensus
T otal po p u latio n of P akistan 7,90,00,000 7 ,56 ,3 6 ,0 0 0
T o tal p o p u latio n o f M u slim s 6,70,00,000 6 ,4 9 ,0 0 ,0 0 0
in P a k istan
T o tal p o p u latio n o f M u slim s 3,00,00,000 3,22 ,2 7 ,0 0 0
in E a st P akistan
T o ta l p o p u latio n o f M u slim s 3,70,00,000 3,27 ,3 2 ,0 0 0
in W est P akistan
T otal p opu lation o f H indus in 1,20,00,000 9 2 ,39,000
E ast P ak istan
T o tal p opu lation of H ind us in 5 ,3 1 ,0 0 0
W est P ak istan
T h e ra tio o f to ta l p o p u la tio n o f E a st an d W e st P a k ista n

a cco rd in g to the last C en su s is 53 .4 : 46 .6 and that o f M u slim
pop u lation in both the w ings o f P akistan is 50.35 : 49.65 (W . P., E. P.)
(p a g e -2 0 ).
The au th o r's rem ark "P akistan is fortu nate in having a com m on
Lingua Franca, U rdu,., w hich is in tellig ib le and in actu al use in all
the p ro v in ce s o f P a k ista n fro m C h itta g o n g , H a th a z a ri, S a rsin a ,
Sy lh et to Lahore..." is not a co rrect appreciation, (page-9)
His rem arks ab o u t th e last State L an g u ag e M o v em en t in East
Bengal an d U niversity o f D acca (at page 5 sidelined A and pages 24-
25 sid elin ed B) are apt to w ou n d the feelin g s o f a co n sid era b le
section o f the peop le of the P rovince. By his in to leran ce the au thor
has dam aged the case he w as ou t to defend.
A ssista n t Secretary
Hom e
G o v ern m en t o f E ast B engal, B -P roceed in g s, B a n g la d esh N a tio n a l

A rc h iv e s , Political D epartm en t, H om e Branch, M a rch , 1950, B u n d le
No. 70, P roceed ings No. 765.
: 8br
'ssl*ll— I TfSnSflR ^1^ ‘PlRl <pn<p\ffl|<l Sc*tjlM
Tine W o rld L an g u ag e o f India and P akistan b y G. F . R ah m an , Su b -

D ep u ty M ag istrate, B rahm anbaria, July, 1953.
T h e m a n u scrip t of the b o o k en titled ’T he W o rld L a n g u a g e of

In d ia and P a k ista n ' su g g ests that E n glish sh o u ld b e re ta in e d as
sta te lan g u ag e of P akistan and the other languages o f the co u n try ,
in clu d in g Bengali, should be recognised as provincial languages.
B u t G o v ern m en t found so m e p ages o f the b o o k 'o b jectio n a b le' as
th e y c o n ta in m a tte r s w h ic h a r e , m o re o r le s s , c a p a b le of
em b a rrassin g the relations betw een G o vern m en t and th e people.
It w as a lso alleg ed that the w riter has m e d d led in P o litics
in m a n y p ag es o f the b o o k and it sh ou ld b e c o n s id e re d w ith
r e fe re n c e to ru les 20 and 2 2 (i) (ii) of th e G o v e rn m e n t S e rv a n ts'
C on d u ct Rules.
T h e m an u scrip t is from the pen o f a Su b-D ep u ty M a g istra te now
p o sted at B rahm anbaria. He h a s exp ressed in it his p e rso n a l view s
o n la n g u a g e m a tte rs w h ich h a v e alread y a s s u m e d a p o litica l
im p o rta n ce all o v er Pakistan. The very title o f the b o o k a p p e a rs to
m e to in co n sisten t w ith the statu s o f a Public servant.
H e in d u lg es in Politics.
T h is is a h ig h ly co n tro v ersial topic, ... a s e x a m in a tio n o f the
M S h a s sh o w n , th e au th o r h a s n o t b e e n a b le to s te e r en tirely .
T h o u g h the m a n n e r in w h ich h e has h a n d le d th e to p ic is not
p a rtic u la rly o b jectio n ab le, n ev erth eless it infringes o n th e p olitical
field. I think p erm ission to pu blish this b o o k should b e refused.
T h is o ffic e r, I rem em ber, w as once in tro u b le for p u b lish a
b o o k le t... the in h ab itan ts of N o ak h ali d istrict.
I h a v e d iscu ssed with C S yesterd ay. H e is o f op in ion th at if the
p a m p h le t co n tain s co n tro v ersial m atters it should n o t be pu blish ed
b y a G o v ern m e n t servan t w h o m u st s te e r c le a r o f C ontroversial
m a tte r s .
M au lv i G . F. R ahm an, D ep u ty M ag istrate, a p p ro a ch ed the H.
A . P o litical for retu rn of the m anuscript.
G o v e rn m e n t of E a st B eng al, B -P ro ceed in g s, B a n g la d e s h N a tio n a l

A r c h i v e s , H om e (P o litic a l), B u n d le N o. 9 8 , A u g u s t, 1 9 5 4 ,
P ro ceed in g s N o. 181-84.
SP IT 'S|IC**»|eH't<l
ir f^ n a : 8 S>
*r*fan ^?eTt «Prt srs c ^ ,sr®rsra
E x tra c t from n o tes and o rd e rs in E d u ca tio n an d R e g istra tio n

D ep artm en t, F ile N o. 3B 9/ 53, reg ard in g su p p ly o f 'Sarkari K arje
B a b o y h a ry y a P a rib h a sh a ' to .
I am not su re w h eth er it w as H. M .’s inten tio n that w ritin g of
n otes in B engali in the Boards' o ffice should be discontinued .
B efore I pu t up the file to H. M. and request him to see the draft
before issue, I w ould like to know w hether the practice o f n oting and
d ra ftin g in B en gali h as been in tro d u ced in any o th er co m p arab le
office, su ch as the D irectorates u nder the variou s d epartm ents.
P lease ascertain and report.
Sd/G . A. M adani
15.8.1953.
H om e D epartm ent, P olice Branch
In the absence o f any direction from G overnm ent it is not possible for
th is D irecto rate to in tro d u ce the sy stem o f n otin g and d ra ftin g in
B e n g a li.
In spector G eneral of Police

17.9.1953.
G o v ern m e n t o f E ast Ben g al, B -P roceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l

A r c h i v e s , P olice D ep a rtm en t, H om e B ran ch , B u n d le N o . 1 3 9 ,
P roceed ings No. 55-56.
tffaepna ■JR'sttl : do
1 3 -3 -1 9 5 5
D k 531 O O D Dacca 14 5-A d d ss 55/6H P rem ier Karachi

G o v ern o r G eneral Karachi - Law M in ister K arachi C om m u n ication
M in iste r K arachi P u blic H ealth M in iste r K arach i
T h e recen t arrests o f fiv e stu d en t le a d ers d u rin g' a p eriod o f
c o m p le te p eace and o rd er cau sed w id esp read resen tm en t p rotect.
S o l ic i t your in te rv e n tio n for th e ir im m e d ia te r e le a s e and
w ith d ra w a l o f the b a n on the p rep aratio n or and o b s e rv a n c e o f
Shahid D ay T w en ty F irst Instant.
D acca Stu d en ts.
G o v e rn m e n t o f E ast Bengal, B -P ro ceed in g s, B a n g la d e s h N a tio n a l

A r c h i v e s , H o m e D ep artm en t, P olitical B ran ch , B u n d l^ N o . 1 4 4 ,
M arch, 1956, P roceed ings No. 1491-98.
P ro g ram m e for 21st February D acca U niversity D e cla re s H olid ay

By a S ta ff C o rresp o n d en t
T he stu d en ts o f D acca U niversity h av e draw n u p a p ro g ra m m e for
o b se rv in g the h isto ric S h ah e ed D ay on F e b ru a ry 2 1 w ith all its
so le m n ity to pay trib u te to th o se w h o sacrificed th e ir liv es for the
cau se o f B en g ali L an gu age in 1952.
T h e p ro g ram m e o f the day in clu d es v isit to th e b u ria l g ro u n d at
A z im p u r a , F a te h a K h a w a n i an d m ilad a t a ll e d u c a t io n a l
in stitu tio n s and sym posiu m in the evening.
D a cca U n iv e rsity has d eclared h o lid ay on S h a h e ed D ay. T h e
d e p a rtu re s from th e p ro g ram m es o f the p rev io u s y e a rs a re th at
there w ill be no ’p ra b h a t fer ry ' (m arching so n g s at d a w n ) n o jo in t
placing o f w reaths at the Shaheed M inar an d no p u b lic m eetin g. B ut
it is le a rn t th a t th e stu d en ts m ay in d iv id u ally visit the M in a r at
the M ed ical C olleg e com pound.
It is not k n o w n w hether th e O fficer w ill be d eclared clo sed on
Sh a h e ed D ay. It m ay be recalled th a t in 1956, 1957 and 1958 th e
P ro v in cial G o v ern m en t d eclared holid ay o n 21st Feb ru ary.
M ea n w h ile the V ice-P resid en t o f all th e S tu d e n ts' H all m et on
Frid ay last an d ch alk ed out th e p ro g ram m e fo r the S h a h e e d D ay.
T h e p la ce for the sy m p osiu m h as n o t been fixed yet. B u t it is learnt
th at it w ill b e h eld at C u rzo n H all. It is fu rth er le a rn t that th e
S tu d e n ts' re p rese n ta tiv e s met the M artial Law A d m in istra to r an d
got n ecessary p erm ission for o bserv ance of the D ay.
T h e P ro ctor o f th e D acca U n iversity in a le tter to the S ecreta ry
o f D a cca u n iv e rsity C en tral S tu d e n ts' U n io n s a y s , iT h e V ice-
C h a n cello r d esires that the p rog ram m e for the 2 1 st F e b ru a ry should
“-Tin *iiw w *ra t r f e n a
he lim ited to M azar Z e arat (p ayin g trib u te at the b u ria l), Q u ran
K liaw ani and M ilad and sy m p o siu m . T here sh o u ld , h o w ev er, no
violation o f any M artial L aw R eg u latio n s accord in g to w hich there
can b e no public m eetin g or procession or assem bly o f fiv e or m ore
persons in any public p lace’.
The P akistan O bserver, 17 F ebru ary, 1959, p. 1.
C op y o f the W ire d ated 18.2.59 from the R eg istra r, R a jsh a h i
U n iversity to the R eg istrar, D acca U niversity
Express
R eg istrar, D acca U n iv ersity
K ind ly W ire if h o lid ays d eclared on certain co n d itio n s on February
T w en tyfirst as published in press is correct.
R e g istra r
R a jsh a h i U n iv ersity
To
T he R eg istrar
R a jsh a h i U n iv e rsity
R a js h a h i
19 February, 1959.
D ea r Sir,
W ith reference to you r telegram dated 19th Febru ary, 1959, I am
directed to inform you that 21st February, 1959 is a holid ay.
W ith re g a rd to th e s ta ff c o rr e s p o n d e n t's re p o rt c a p tio n
’P rogram m e for 21st February' published in the P akistan O b serv er in
its issue dated the 17th F ebru ary, 1959, I am to inform you that the
follow ing portion of the report as given in the last para is correct.
"The P roctor o f D acca U n iversity in a letter to the Secretary of
D a cca U n iv e rs ity C e n tra l S tu d e n ts ’ U n io n s a y s , 'T h e V ic e -
C h an cello r d esires that the program m e for the 21st February should
b e lim ited to M azar Z earat (paying tribu te at th e b u rial), Q u ran
K h aw an i and M ilad and sym posium . T here sh o u ld , how ever, be no
v io la tio n of any M artial Law R egulations acco rd in g to w hich there
ca n be no public m eetin g or procession or assem b ly of five or m ore
p erso n s in any public place.
W e have no know led ge about the earlier part o f the report.
D eputy R eg istrar
"5RI ifMci<T3T
N a tio n 's H om age to M artyars, S y m p o siu m : V isit to B u ria l G rou n d ,

W reath s p laced at Sh ah eed M in a r
N a tio n s p aid h o m a g e on S a tu rd a y to th e m a rty rs o f h isto ric

la n g u a g e m o v e m e n t o f 1952. In D acca, th e S h a h e e d D ay w as
o b se rv e d w ith all its so lem n ity. W earin g b la c k b a d g e s m o u rn in g
stu d en ts and p u blic cam e o u t in th e m orning and. a sse m b le d a t the
A zim p u ra bu rial ground in ord er to offer prayers fo r the so u ls o f the
m a rty rs. W reath s w ere p laced at the S h a h e e d M in a r a t M ed ical
C ollege com pound.
S tu d e n ts o f th e d iffe re n t h a lls o f th e D a cca U n iv e r s ity ,
M e d ica l C o lleg e and oth er local co lle g e s an d sc h o o ls v isite d the
b u ria l g ro u n d b are -fo o ted and o ffered p ray ers f o r th e d ep a rted
so u ls. P aren ts o f B ark at w ere also presen t at the b u ria l g ro u n d to
m o u rn the 'glorious' death of their son.
F a te h a K h aw an i and m ild m ehfils w ere h e ld a t d iffe re n t h alls '
an d e d u c a tio n a l in s titu tio n s in the a fte rn o o n . A t S a lim u lla h .
M u slim hall alm s w ere distributed to the poor.
S y m p o s iu m : The Sank kriti P arish ad arranged a sy m p o siu m at the

B ritish C ou n cil in the m orning. Prom inent ed u ca tio n ists a n d w riters
w h o p a rticip ated in the fun ction d eliv ered lectu res o n th e life and
id eals o f the m artyrs.
T h e D acca U niversity C entral Stu d en ts' U n ion a rra n g e d an oth er
sy m p o siu m at C u rzo n H all. Dr. S h a h e e d u lla h p re sid e d o v er the
function.
A d d re ssin g the g ath erin g at C u rz o n H a ll Dr. S h a h e e d u lla h
sa id th a t 2 1 s t F e b ru a ry w as re m a rk a b le d a y in th e h isto ry
o f n a tio n a l life. H e paid trib u te to the m a rty a rs. D r. M o ta h a r
H o ssa in in h is sp eech em p h asised the need o f a d o p tin g B en g ali
as m e d iu m o f in stru ctio n in the U n iv ersity . T h e m e e tin g w as
a d d re sse d by P ro fesso r A jit G u h a, M r. Z u lfiq a r Ali a n d P ro fe sso r
N urul M om en.
E a r lie r the p a re n ts o f S h a h e e d B ark at, w h o a tte n d e d th e
fu n ctio n , w ere intro d u ced to the au dience. O ne m in u te silen ce w as
o b serv ed as m ark o f resp ect for the dep arted souls.
A n o th e r sym posiu m was held at the Bangla A ca d em y u n d er the
a u sp ices o f the A cad em y C ou ncil. E m in en t e d u ca tio n ists a d d ressed
the sy m p osiu m .
U n d e r the jo in t au sp ices o f A n ju m an -e -A d a b , E a g le A th le tic
C lu b a n d A n ju m an T o la h a -e -U rd u a sy m p o siu m w a s h eld at
L alb ag h . T he sy m p o siu m in a resolu tio n urged clo se r co -o p era tio n
o t t ■ a iC T W P W
b etw een B en g ali and U rd u w riters o f Pakistan. D ifferen t sp eakers

at th e sy m p o siu m a lso co n d em n ed the 'sinister' m ove to in tro d u ce
R om an S crip t for th e P a k ista n i lan g u ag es. T h e sy m p o siu m w as
resided over by San au l H assan 'Sana'.
T h e stu d en ts o f the D acca m ed ical C o lle g e h eld a cu ltu ra l
function in the evening.
The Pakistan O bserver, 23 F ebru ary, 1959, pp. 1 & 6.
To
The Secretary to the G o v ern m en t o f East Pakistan
H om e (P o litical) D ep artm en t
E a st P ak istan S e cre ta ria t
D a cca The 20th F ebru ary, 1960.
S ir ,
I am d ire cted to e n c lo se h e re w ith fo r in fo rm a tio n o f the
G o v ern m e n t a copy of this o ffice letter N o. 14613-19 d ated 13th
F e b ru a ry , 1960 a d d re sse d to th e P ro v o s t and P ro cto r o f the
U n iv ersity re g ard in g the p ro g ram m e for o b serv a n ce o f the 21st
F eb ru ary, 1960.
Y ou r O bedient servant
S d / Ille g ib le
for R eg istrar
D acca u niv ersity
T h e program m e for the 21st Febru ary shou ld be lim ited to (1) M azr
Z e a ra t (p ay in g trib u te at the b u ria l), (2) Q u ra n K h a w a n i and
M ilad a n d .(3) Sym posiu m . T h ere should , h o w ev er, be no violation
o f any M artial Law R egulations accord ing to w hich there can b e no
p u b lic m eeting o r p rocession or assem bly o f five or m ore p erson s in
any public place.
M arty ars' D ay T o d ay
East P ak istan w ill pay hom age today (Su nd ay) to the M arty ars o f
the H isto ric L a n g u ag e M o v em en t o n F eb ru a ry 21, 1952. T h ese
m a rty a rs sa c rific e d th e ir liv e s to re a lise th e sta tu s o f S ta te
L angu age for Bengali.
T h e d ay has b een d eclared a h o lid a y by D acca U n iv ersity .
S tu d en ts a ll over the Province w ill o b serv e the sacred day in their
own w ay a s had been done during the last eight years.
'S r a w fa e i’ r a
O n F eb ru ary 17, the V ice-Presiden ts and G e n e ra l S e cre ta rie s o f

th e d if f e r e n t U n iv e rsity H all in c lu d in g th e D a cca U n iv e r s ity
C en tra l Stu d ents' U n ion in a statem en t had appealed to th e stu d en ts
o f the P ro v in ce to o b serv e the day w ith so lem n ity. T h e y a ls o d rew
up a p ro g ram m e for the day.
P ro g ram m e : The P rogram m e is as follow s :

M o rn in g 5.30 a. m. P rayer in d iffere n t H a lls a n d e d u ca tio n a l
in s titu tio n s ; 6.00 a. m. P rabhat F erry in sm all g ro u p s ; 6 .3 0 a. m .
Kabnr Z iarn t ; 7.3 0 a. m . placing o f flo ral w reath s o n th e C en tra l
S h a h id M in a r ; 11 a. m . - D istrib u tio n o f a lm s to th e p o o r at
d iffe re n t h alls and ed u catio n al institu tion s.
E v e n in g : 3.00 p. m . — Koran K h aw an i and M ilad in d iffe re n t
h alls ; 6 .3 0 p. m .-sy m p osiu m at the C u rzon Hall.
A p a r t fro m th e m a in p r o g r a m m e , d if f e r e n t c u lt u r a l
o r g a n is a tio n s o f D a cca as w ell a s the in d iv id u a l H a lls an d
e d u c a tio n a l in stitu tio n s have arran g ed sy m p o sia an d fu n ctio n s to
o b serv e the day.
O u r V arsity co rresp o n d en t adds a t 9 a. m. lite ra ry m eetin g w ill
b e h eld at 68/1 P u ra n a P altan u n d e r th e a u sp ic e s o f S h ilp a -o -
S a m a s k r iti p a rish a d .
D a cca H all : T h e D acca H all U n io n has arran ged a sy m p o siu m
to held a t the H all au ditorium at 10 a. m. M r. A jit K u m a r G u h a , M r.
S ik a n d a r A b u Ja fa r , M r. A hm ed S h a r if, M r. M u fa z z a l H y d e r
C h o u d h u ry and m any others w ill take part in the d iscu ssio n . M r. S.
N. Q. Z u lfiq a r A li, P ro v ost, D acca H all, w ill p re sid e o v e r th e
sym posium .
S. M . H all : At 3.30 p. m. an o th er literary m eetin g w ill b e h eld
u n d er th e a u sp ic e s o f th e S a lim u lla h M u slim H all U n io n . T h e
stu d en ts o f the D acca U n iversity w ill read out p o em s and articles,
D r. Q u a z i M o ta h a r Hossain-, B eg u m S u fia K a m a l, M r. N u ru l
M o m en , M r. H asan Ja m a n and m an y oth ers w ill ta k e p a r in th e
d iscussion.
D U C S U : A n o th e r sy m p o siu m s p o n so re d by th e D a cca
U n iv e rsity C en tral Stu d en ts' U nion w ill also be h eld a t the C u rz o n
H all at 6 .3 0 p. m .
Ja g a n n a th C o lle g e h a s also arran g ed a M ila d M a h fil an d a
literary m e e tin g in co n n ectio n w ith th e M artyars D ay
The P akistan O bserver, 21 F ebru ary, 1960.
«rar '6iK-wC'«
To
The E d itor
Pakistan O b serv er
D acca
22 February, 1960.
D ear Sir,
M y a tte n tio n h as b ee n d raw n to a re p o rt p u b lish ed in the
Pakistan O b serv er dated 21st F eb ru ary , 1960 to the effect that ’The
day (The 21st Febru ary, 1960) h as been d eclared a h olid ay by D acca
U n iv ersity ’. T h is n ew s is incorrect. T h e 21st F eb ru ary , 1960 b ein g
Sunday, n o qu estion o f d eclaring it a holiday.
P le a se ta k e im m e d ia te a c tio n for c o rr e c tin g th is w ro n g
inform ation, and it is hoped that no such w rong inform ation w ill be
published in you r paper in future.
S d / Ille g ib le
R e g istra r
Corrigendum
In our Satu rd ay 's issue it w as published that Febru ary 21, has been
d eclared as a h o lid a y by D acca U n iv ersity . B ut the R eg istra r,
D acca U n iv ersity in fo rm ed th at no q u estio n o f h olid ay aro se as
F ebru ary 21, fell on Su n d ay. O u r rep o rt w as based on the list o f
h o lid ay s p u blish ed by th e U niversity . T h e list sa y s : Sh ah id D ay,
In d ep en d en ce D ay, D eath A n n iv ersary o f Q u a id -e -A z a m , D eath
A n n iv ersary o f Q u aid -e-M illat fall on Su n d ays. H ence, th ese have
n o t been included in the list.
T he Pakistan O bserver, 23 F eb ru ary , 1960.
G overnm ent of East Pakistan

E d u cation al D epartm ent SE C R E T
S ectio n III
C ircu la r
No. 422-Edn Dated : 27.3.62.
Su b ject : A tten d an ce o f Sem in ars, Sym posia and other fun ction s in
co n n ectio n with the O b serv an ce of 'Sh aheed D ay' by teach ers and
H ead s of Institutions.
Som e am o u n t of m isu n d erstan d in g has been reported from few
e d u c a tio n a l in stitu tio n s w ith re g ard to th e o b se rv a n ce o f the
S h a h id D ay by so m e teach er o f th o se in stitu tio n s. T h is m ay h av e
been d u e to absence of clear instructions from the G overnm ent.
2 . It m ay be rem em bered that the G o v ern m en t has d ecid ed to
u n d e rta k e the co n stru ctio n o f th e Sh ah id M in ar a n d h a s , for this
p u rp o s e , form ed a C o m m ittee w ith the V ic e C h a n c e llo r, D acca
U n iv ersity as its C hairm an to recom m end an ap p ro p riate d esign for
the S h a h id M em o rial. T h ere sh o u ld , h o w ev er, b e no h e sita tio n
fro m a n y o n e to p a rtic ip a te in th e Shahid D ay o b s e rv a n c e s like
s e m in a r s , sy m p o sia an d o th e r h e a lth y a c tiv itie s th a t m ay b e
o rg a n ised on this day.
Sd / A Ii H asan
Secretary to the G o v ern m en t E ast P akistan
N o. 4 2 2 / 1 (1 6 ) Edn.
C opy forw ard ed for inform ation to :
1. D ire cto r of T ech n ical In stru ction , East Pakistan
2. D ire cto r o f T ech n ical In stru ction , East Pakistan
3. V ic e -C h a n c e llo r, D acca U n iv ersity
4. V ic e -C h a n c e llo r, R ajsh ah i U n iv ersity
5. V ice-C h a n cello r, A g ricu ltu ral U n iv ersity , M y m e n sin g h
6. V ice-C h a n cello r, U niversity o f E n gineering and T e ch n o lo g y .
D. R e g ister, D h aka U n iv e rsity R eco rd R o o m , B u n d le 19, F ile
No. 4 88.
« h n % > k <j ^n-atnfsre w < >
The E ast P akistan M arin ers A ssociation

Regd. H ead O ffice : D ouble M oorings
C h itta g o n g .
P resid en t
Su ltan A h m e d
G e n e ra l S ecretary
A zizu r R ah m an ,
To
The C h ie f Secretary to the G o v ern m en t of East B en g al,
R am n a, D acca.
Sub : R eco g n ised Local Languages o f People of P akistan

^5PTt WT%C^!T3!
S ir ,
From a Precious b it of inform ation bo xed and appearing in Page 6
o f the issu e o f the 28th Ju ly last o f th e fortn ig h tly jo u rn a l 'E ast
P akistan In fo rm a tio n ', it a p p e a rs th a t the G o v t, o f P a k ista n h as
d eclared B en g ali to b e a v e rn a cu la r in P akistan . B en g a li is the
lan g u ag e o f the p eop le o f E astern P ak istan and w e h a v e to take
stro n g est p o ssib le ex cep tio n to ou r M o th er-ton g u e b ein g called a
v ern acu lar' becau se o f the o ffen siv e o rig in (ro ot-m ean in g ) o f that
p a rticu la r w ord in E n g lish lan g u ag e ex p ressiv e o f co n tem p t and
scorn.
Sd . Ille g ib le .
S e c re ta ry .
C opy forw ard ed to the
D irector o f P u b licity , G o v t, o f East B en gal, D acca, for fa v o u r of
notice.
Sd .
S e c re ta ry .
C opy forw arded t o :
1. Th e V ice-C h an cello r, U n iv ersity of D acca, D acca.
2. The D irector o f In stru ction , G ovt, o f East Bengal, D acca.
3. T h e S ecretary to the M in istry o f In fo rm atio n & B ro ad castin g ,
G ovt, o f P akistan , K arach i ;
4. T he Secretary to the M in istry o f E d u cation , G ovt, o f P akistan ,
K a ra ch i ;
For fav o u r o f notice. In the ev en t o f B engali b ein g d escrib ed in
the P ak istan G azette the D acca G azette as a 'v ern acu lar' w ith the
u nhappy sting about it, the sam e should be m odified.
Sd.
S e c re ta ry .
A R / - D -R egister, D haka U niversity Record R oom ,, B und le N o. 141,
File N o. 21, 1951.
TtfaeT»ra : ft's
Prim e M inister's M essage to th e C onference on Language T eaching :

"W ith the recogn ition o f B engali and U rd u as State lan guages,
it has b eco m e incum bent upon all o f us, and in p articu lar u pon our
^ 5 F fT
ed u ca tio n ists, to take early step s in m ak in g it p o s sib le for th ese tw o

la n g u ag es to assu m e their due role as m edium o f instruction. Side by
s id e w ith the d evelop m ent o f B en g ali and U rd u as S ta te lan g u ag es,
w e m u st assign a rightful place to the En glish la n g u a g e w hich is an
in v a lu a b le m e d iu m of co m m u n icatio n in the g re a te r p art o f th e
w o r ld ."
D h a k a U n iv e rsity , D -R eg ister, File-L n n g u ag e T e a c h in g C o n feren ce,

1957, Bundle N o. 246, Serial N o. 5616.
wflTstota 7R*trt: <t8

fi>roc<j 5p£cra s r t
£T3T<J *£R«.
G overnm ent o f East Pakistan

M r. A tau r R ahm an Khan

Q u estio n unstarred to be asked b y Mr. M uzaffar A h m e d , M. P. A.
Q uestion Answ er
115. W ill th e M in iste r in C h a rg e of th e M a k in g B engali a
H om e D ep artm en t be pleased to s ta te lan g u ag e is
sta te the arran g em en t if an y th at b ee n th e re sp o n sib ility
m ad e so far by the G o v ern m en t of E ast o f th e C e n tr a l
P a k ista n to m ak e B e n g a li one of th e G overnm ent,
s ta te la n g u a g e s of P a k ista n as la id
d o w n in the C onstitution o f the Islam ic
R ep u blic of Pakistan?
S d . A ta u r R ahm an K han
3.11.1975
C h ie f M in iste r
. G o v ern m en t of E ast Pakistan
M em o N o. 719 E P A dated 18.9.1957 o f the E a st P a k ista n A ssem bly

S e cre ta ria t and u nstarred qu estio n No. 115 b y Mr. M u z a ffa r A hm ed ,
M. P. A.
2 1 -9 -1 9 5 7
W e h av e got no paper o n the su bject. T h is D ep a rtm en t F ile No.
2 0 A -4 9 / 5 6 "reg ard in g R esolu tion to be m ov ed in the E a st P akistan
■®r^r '3|K'vti' i m <j n P iq ’r a
A ssem b ly reg ard in g the in tro d u ctio n (of) B en g ali as the o fficia l
language in East P akistan ", is h o w ev er w ith the M em ber, Board of
R evenue since 17.11.1950. A ttem pts are being m ade to trace that file.
M ean w h ile E d u cation D ep artm ent m ay see it and g iv e th eir view s
on it im m ed iately.
Sd . Ille g ib le
I h av e sp ok en to the M em ber, Board o f R even u e. H e say s that

he had d isp osed off the file and returned it the sam e day. O rd ers oh
th is h a v e a lrea d y b ee n p assed in an o th er file. M ay b e sen t to
Ed ucation D ep artm en t for their view s.
Sd . Ille g ib le
2 6 -9 -1 9 5 7
E d ucation D epartm ent
This is a qu estion of policy and the G overn m en t o f East Pakistan
h av e n ot as yet issued any d irection in this m atter.
E d u catio n D ep artm en t File llc - 4 9 / 5 6 on a sim ila r resolu tio n
b ro u g h t by M r. M . A . Q asem M. P. A. w as referred to the H om e
(P o litical) D ep artm en t on 22.8.1957 w ith an en q u iry w h eth er any
d ecision h as been taken by the G overnm ent in this regard. T his file
has not yet been received back.
In fact th is D e p a rtm e n t h a v e n o t tak en an y step to th is
d ire ctio n as th is is a C e n tra l S u b je ct to A rtic le 2 1 4 (3 ) o f the
C o n s titu tio n . T h e re is h o w e v e r a P a rib h a sa C o m m itte e fo r
translation in Bengali of w ords in foreign language and the w ork has
been taken up by the com m ittee.
Sd . Ille g ib le
2 7 -9 -1957
In this m atter the C en tral G o vern m en t is to take the lead, b u t the
P rovincial G o v ern m en t m ay introd uce B en gali as official lan gu age
in the P ro v in ce v id e A rticle 214(3) o f the C o n stitu tio n . T h is file
may retu rned to H im e (Political).
Sd. Ille g ib le
H om e (P o litical)
The u n starred q u estio n N o. 115 w hich is d ue to b e an sw ered on
28.9.1957 m ay be seen along with Education D epartm ent's notes from
page 1 an te. N eith er this D ep artm en t nor the E d u cation D ep a rt
m ent h av e any p a p e rs to show th at an y a rra n g e m e n t fo r the
A —
«r*rr
in tro d u ction o f B engali as a State Language h a s b een m ad e. P erhaps

this is the re sp o n sib ility o f the C en tre to in tro d u c e B en g a li a s a
State L angu age, and the P rovincial G o v ern m en t h a v e n o th in g to do
in th e m atter.
P e rh a p s this q u estio n is d istin c tly se p a ra te fro m th at o f the
in tro d u ctio n o f B en g ali as the O fficia l L a n g u a g e o f E a s t P akistan
w h ich is b ein g co n sid ered sep arately in th is D ep a rtm en t File No.
2 0 A -49/ 56. This file w as sent to the M em ber, B oard o f R ev en u e on
7.11.56 and has not yet been received back. A ttem p ts are b ein g m ade
s e p a ra te ly to h av e th a t file back. E d u cation D e p a rtm e n t F ile N o.
llc - 4 9 / 5 6 referred to at the b o tto m o f p ag e 1 a n te , re fe rs to this
la tte r q u e stio n , n a m e ly in tro d u c tio n o f B e n g a li as th e O ffic ia l
L an g u ag e o f East Pakistan.
R eg a rd in g the p resen t q u estio n w ith w e are co n cern e d in this
file, w e m ay suggest.
A : M akin g B en g ali as one o f the state la n g u a g e is th e C en tral
G o v ern m e n t’s responsibility.
Su b m itted for orders.
S d . Ille g ib le
2 8 -9 -1 9 5 9
The q u estio n m ay be answ ered as below :

"M a k in g B en g ali as a state lan g u ag e is the re sp o n sib ility o f the
C en tral G overnm en t."
Sd . Ille g ib le
2 8 .9 .1 9
M ay b e approved, A rticle 214 o f the C on stitu tio n m ay be see n in this
connection.
Sd . Illeg ib le
G o v e rn m e n t o f E a st B e n g a l, B -P r o c e e d in g s , P o lit ic a l (H o w e ),
Bundle N o. 160, O ctober, 1958, P roceed ings No. 1125-36
M u h a m m ad Q u d ra t-e -K h u d a ’s O p in io n A b o u t the In tro d u ctio n of

Urdu in Sch ools o f East Bengal
Item 8 (1) : T he m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n h as alread y b ee n d ecid ed by
the P a k ista n E d ucation A d visory Board to be th e m o th er-to n g u e of
the child and so h ere in East B engal, Bengali is to be th e m edium of
instruction.
S e ria l N o. 8 (ii) : M o d e rn ed u ca tio n ists are u n a n im o u s th at
no foreign lan g u ag e sh o u ld b e m ad e co m p u lsory for all ch ild ren
as all o f th em a re n o t ca p a b le o f le a rn in g su c h a la n g u a g e
w ith o u t d e tr im e n t to th e ir n a tu r a l d e v e lo p m e n t. On th is
p rin cip le the in stru ctio n o f U rd u as a co m p u lso ry su b je ct, as
su g g ested by the B o ard , w ill be u n sou n d policy. A s the m o th er
to n g u e viz. B e n g a li h a s b e e n co n c e d e d as th e m e d iu m of
in stru ctio n , a ll p u p ils w ill n o t n e c e ssa rily b e re q u ired in th is
p ro v in ce to be fully co n v ersan t w ith reading and w ritin g in U rdu.
If, th erefo re, the n eed is artificially created it w ill lead to w astage
a n d fru stratio n . T h o se re sp o n sib le for the p lan n in g o f ed u catio n
o f this p ro v in ce m u st d eterm in e ou t actu al re q u irem e n ts an d at
th e sa m e tim e m u st c o n sid e r the cap a city o f o u r ch ild re n to
b en efit by the p ro p o sed co u rses. In case o f co n flict b etw ee n the
re q u irem e n ts and th e cap acity at the sam e tim e the im p o rta n ce
of urdu as p robable fu tu re State lan g u ag e can n o t b e d en ied and
th at fa cilitie s sh o u ld be p ro v id ed to those w h o a re ca p a b le o f
pro fitin g by it.
A t the p rim ary stag e m o th er-to n gu e alone is to b e tau ght to a
ch ild , the in tro d u ction o f any thing oth er than th e m o th er-to n g u e
has b een considered as ed u cation ally unsound. I, th erefore, feel the
in tro d u ctio n o f the stu d y o f U rd u and , E nglish h ave to b e m ad e
som etim es at the second ary stage.
A fte r c a r e fu l c o n s id e r a tio n I have fe lt th a t E n g lish be
in tro d u ced in class vi and U rdu in cla ss vii and b e allo w ed to
continue to form part o f group of language subjects consisting o f U rdu,
P ersian, A rabic, San skrit, E nglish, French, G erm an , and oth ers upto
the M atricu latio n classes. E very bod y shou ld be perm itted to select
tw o lan g u ag es from the abo ve, b esid es h is ow n m o th er to n g u e;
sim ilar p ractice is vogue in oth er ad vanced co u n tries o f the w orld.
From class ix stag e if a b o y is fou n d to be so in clin ed , he m ay be
p erm itted to take even a third o p tio n al su b ject, w hich m ay eith er
b e a lan g u ag e, or scien ce and h ig h er m ath em atics, ed u catio n etc.
T h u s he m ay h av e the o p p o rtu n ity o f sp e cia lisin g in th e allied
su b je cts w h ich m ay be eith e r cla ssica l, sc ie n tific , ed u ca tio n a l or
v o c a tio n a l.
O ff ic ia l R em ark s
S e ria l 8 (ii) T he B oard has reco m m en d ed th a t U rd u sh o u ld be
in tro d u ced as one o f the co m p u lsory su bjects from th e firs t class of
the p o st-p rim a ry stag e. D. P. I's v iew s abo u t U rd u is m o s t b iased
one. H e inclu d es it in the list of o p tio n a l su bjects su ch a s G erm an,
F ren ch , E n glish , S an sk rit etc. W hen U rd u has been a ccep ted a s the
S tage la n g u a g e o f P akistan , it is n o t u n d ersto o d h o w th e D. P. 1.
w ants to m ake it an optional su bject. The B o ard ’s reco m m en d atio n in
this re g ard m ay be accepted.
* * I a g re e w ith A / S. It is e x tre m e ly s h o r t-s ig h te d n o t to
v isu a lise th e im p o rtan ce w hich U rd u is bo u n d to a ssu m e in future
and th e co n se q u e n ce s w hich w ill flow from it. O n e sh o u ld h a v e
th o u g h t there w ould b e no d ifferen ce o f o p in io n on the q u estio n of
e n a b lin g the citizen s to acq u ire w o rk in g k n o w led g e as U rd u th eir
S ta te L a n g u a g e as ea rly as p o ssib le . It is su p p o s in g th a t o f all
p erso n s D PI w ho w as h im self a p a rty to the d ecisio n did o b ject to it
now. H M is aw are of subsequent developm ent.
G o v e rn m e n t o f East B engal, B -P roceed in g s, B a n g la d e sh N a tio n a l

A rc h iv e s, E ducation D epartm en t, F eb ru ary , 1953, P ro ce ed in g s No.
2 7 4 -2 8 0.
: 4 to
Item N o . 5. T o d eterm in e the m ed iu m o f in stru ction in a ll sta g es of
ed u ca tio n w ith sp ecial reference to the place o f U rdu and E n g lish as
also o f reg io n al lan g u ag es in the ed u catio n al system .
T h e p roblem of the m edium of instru ction in P akistan is a d irect
re s u lt of th e m u ltilin g u a l c h a r a c te r of its p e o p le but its
co n tro v e rsia l natu re is to a great ex ten t a legacy o f the u n d iv id ed
India w h e re it w as a p ro d u ct o f th e m u tu al d istru st o f the tw o
m ajo r c o m m u n itie s. F ro m the stric tly ed u ca tio n a l p o in t of view
if U rd u is a ccep ted as the lin g u a fran ca o f the d o m in io n , the
p ro b le m w ill be g rea tly sim p lifie d . In his a d d re s s to the F irst
P a k is ta n E d u c a tio n a l C o n fe re n c e , the H o u n e ra b le M r. F a z lu r
R ah m an , rem arked , "T here are u nassain able g rou n d s for its (Urdu's)
e s ta b lis h m e n t as the lin g u a fra n ca o f P a k ista n ." A s a reg ion al
la n g u a g e it w as a sso cia te d w ith the U. P. and D elh i and is
■srm aiK'WWi'fs
strictly sp e ak in g n o t th e lan g u ag e o f any p la ce in P akistan b u t

its cla im s to b e the lingu a franca call for sp ecial co n sid eratio n . It
is sp o k e n o v e r w id e are as an d it easily u n d ersto o d every w h ere.
From th e lin g u istic p o in t o f view it is the m o st ad v an ced o f all
the lan g u ag es in th is co u n try . As a m atter of fa ct th e n u m b er of
w ord s co m m o n to U rd u and the reg io n al languages o f P akistan is
co u n te d in th o u san d s. A ll these lan g u ag es w ith the excep tio n of
B engali also have scrip ts strongly sim ilar to that o f U rdu. The dust
o f co n tro versy has, how ever, been raised on the assu m ption that the
in tro d u ctio n o f U rd u is calcu lated to replace region al or p rovincial
la n g u a g es. B u t as the H o n 'b le M r. F azlu r R ah m an said in h is
in au gu ral ad d ress at the ed u catio n al C on feren ce : "W e, in Pakistan,
m u st p ro v id e the m axim u m sco p e for g ro w th to o u r p ro v in cial
lan guages not m erely as m edia o f instru ction bu t also as instrum ents
for the d issem in atio n o f the cu ltu res they em b o d y w ith ou t at the
sam e tim e sacrificing the unity o f our com m on culture". There is thus
n o co n flict betw een the full d evelop m ent o f region al languages and
m a k in g U rd u th e in te r-p ro v in cia l la n g u a g e. F ro m the stric tly
e d u c a tio n a l p o in t o f v iew , th e re fo re , the fo llo w in g issu e s are
in volved :
1. W h at lan g u ag e or languages shou ld b e tau ght to a child at the
e a r lie s t sta g e (th is w ill d e te rm in e th e p la c e o f re g io n a l
lan g u ag es)?
2. A t w h at stag e th e lingu a fran ca b e in tro d u ced an d in w h at
form ? (This w ill determ ine the place of U rdu and English).
3. W h at sh o u ld be the m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n from the ea rliest
stage? Should it b e the sam e throu ghou t or need it be changed?
If so, a t w hat stage?
W ith re g ard to (1) it is now u n iv ersally ag reed that u ntil a

child has learnt o n e lan guage w ell enough, h e should n ot be m ade to
learn any oth er. T h at this first lan g u ag e sh o u ld be the m o th er-
tongue n eed s n o argum en t. The place o f reg io n a l language is thus
clearly estab lish ed . It only w ould rem ain to d ecid e in w hat tim e a
ch ild sh o u ld h av e learn t the m o th e r-to n g u e. T h e perio d o f five
y ea rs w h ich th e ed u ca tio n a l C o n fe re n ce fix ed as the period o f
prim ary ed u catio n w ould probably g ive a fair enou gh ground ing in
the m o th er-to n gu e.
T5 T 3 T ' 0 | i ; ' * i | ‘= ' l H ? i > r P l« 1 , T 3
T h e lingu a franca m ay , th erefo re, b e in tro d u ced from the sixth

year. In o rd er to b e or real value it will have to be ta u g h t a s a full-
fle d g e d co m p u lso ry su b je c t. A t p re sen t E n g lis h o ccu p ies this
p o sitio n . T h e o rien tal languages a r e in tro d u ced from the sixth year
also. It sh o u ld b e an electiv e su b je ct alth o u g h i t can sa fely be
a ssu m ed that a large n u m ber of scho lars will ta k e it up.
T h is , h o w e v e r, e ffe c ts v ita lly th e p ro b lem o f m e d iu m of
in stru ctio n in the u niversities b ecau se there a re likely to b e students
p a ss in g throu gh M atricu latio n w ith o u t h a v in g stu d ied E n g lish at
a ll. B u t e v e n if th is is d e c id e d u p o n im m e d ia te ly , stu d e n ts
p ro ceed in g to colleges w ithout the stu d y o f English w ill d o so for the
first tim e in 1955, up to that it w ill be n ecessary to retain English
a s a c o m p u ls o r y su b je c t. B o o k s an d lite r a tu r e for th e firs t
In te rm e d ia te co u rse in a language o th er than E n g lish w ill th u s be
re q u ired in 1955 and fo r the D eg ree classes in 1957. T h ere is thus
a m p le tim e for s u ita b le te x t-b o o k s a n d o th e r lite r a tu r e to be
p re p a re d in the m ean tim e. If U rdu is to rep lace E n glish in the way
su g g ested above and is taught as a com pulsory su b je ct from the 5th to
the 1 4 th y e a r o f e d u ca tio n , th e re can be little d o u b t as to its
s u ita b ility for b ein g th e m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n at the U n iv ersity
sta g e sh o u ld it b e felt that full ju stic e ca n n o t be d o n e to certain
sc ie n tific and techn ical su bjects d u rin g the sh o rt o f tim e ex ten siv e
tra n sla tio n s m ay be u nd ertak en u n d er th e G o v ern m en t d ire ctio n to
fill th e gap for som e tim e.
W ith regard to th e m edium o f in stru ctio n at th e e lem e n ta ry
sta g e, h a rd ly an y o n e w ill c h a lle n g e the cla im o f th e reg ion al
la n g u a g e o r the m o th er-to n gu e b ein g the best p o ss ib le m ed iu m . But
for th e fact that som e o f the re g io n al la n g u a g es in P a k ista n are at
p re se n t n o t ad v an ced en o u g h for the p u rp o se the m o th e r-to n g u e
w ould b e the best m ed iu m of instruction at all stag es o f ed u cation. Of
the fiv e ch ie f lan g u ag es in P ak istan the o rd er of a d v a n ce m e n t is
ro u g h ly B engali, S in d h i, Pusto, P an jab i and B alu ch i, but a t present
U rd u h o ld s the filed in the P u n jab and B elu ch ista n . B e n g a li and
Sin d h i c a n be the m ed iu m of instru ction in E ast B en g al an d Sind up
to the H ig h School S tag e.
A s p o in ted o u t a b o v e the p ro blem o f se le ctin g a la n g u a g e to
re p la ce E n g lish as th e m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n in th e U n iv ersities
d e s e r v e s im m e d ia te a tte n tio n b e c a u s e a f te r fiv e y e a r the
U n iv e rsitie s m ay hav e to tak e in M atricu late w ho m ay not have
stu d ie s E n glish at all.
^ 5
’ R'stit: gh
'5T5Jvf=7
I h ave b een p rom p ted to w rite th ese few lines and p u b lish them
alo n g w ith so m e o fficial and sem i-o fficial note and letters w hich 1
prev iou sly w rote on the su b ject by a sense o f duty w hich I feel I ow e
to Islam and m y n atio n . M y first and forem o st duty is, I think, to
w arn th e nation ag ain st the grave and serious d an g er w ith w h ich
th e E a ste rn P ro v in ce o f th e n ew M u slim S ta te o f P a k ista n is
im m ed ia tely th reaten ed .
East Pakistan's im m ed iate d an ger lies in the cu ltural con qu est of
th e M uslim s by the H ind us, w h ich has been in p ro g ress sin ce the
a b o litio n o f P ersian as the C o u rt lan g u ag e o f th e co u n try . Th e
process gathered m om entum , thou gh im perceptibly, w ith the rise of
in flu e n c e and p ow er o f the H in d u s in the a d m in istra tio n o f the
co u n try on the on e hand an d the g ro w in g ap ath y , d ue to th eir
sh ortsighted ness, o f the M uslim s to take to the learning of U rdu and
thereby fill the vacuum w hich the d im in ish in g ex ten t and scop e o f
th e te a ch in g o f P ersian ca u sed in th e ir c u ltu ra l and re lig io u s
ed u catio n on the other. O ld ed u cated fam ilies w ho w ere im bued
w ith M u slim cu ltu re g rad u ally d ied out, and the new g en eratio n s
grew up under the increasingly d o m in atin g influence o f the H indus.
U n d er su ch co n d itio n s the ex ten t o f the teach ing o f P ersian and its
scop e cou ld not be w ider than th ose o f any o f the oth er lan guages,
such as A rabic, San sk rit, Fren ch and L atin , w h ich w ere tau g h t as
cla ssics in scho o ls and colleges, and as su ch its in flu en ce w as n ot
p o w erfu l en o u g h to g ive a p erm an en t sh ap e to the m in d s o f its
scholars. For, a nation's m ind in in fluenced and o rg an ically shaped
only by th e language in w hich it thinks, talks and sings. W hen the
cou n try cam e u nd er the British rule at the extin ctio n of the M uslim
p ow er, ed u cated M uslim s still th o u gh t and san g and at least w rote
their p riv ate epistles in the Persian langu age — a language w ritten
in th e ch aracter o f th eir H oly Scrip tu res, fu ll o f Islam ic literatu re
and sa tu rated w ith Islam ic cu ltu re and trad itio n s. T h e B en g ali
v e rn a cu la r in w h ich the u n ed u cated M u slim s ex p ressed th e ir
thou ghts an d em o tio n s w as also im pressed by P ersian and A rabic
v o cab u laries as well as by an Islam ic co n cep tio n . But the a b o litio n
of Persian as the C ou rt language, w hich su d d en ly closed the d oor of
the s e rv ic e s of the S ta te to them , an d th e R esu m p tio n P ro ceed in g s,
w h ic h tu r n e d th e ir w ea lth y la n d lo r d s in to p au p ers a lm o st
o v ern ig h t, left them stu n n ed , and the d o w n c a st co m m u n ity had no
able an d farsig h ted lead ers to pull them up a n d g u id e th em to m ake
up fo r w h a t had b een lost. The h o p e le ss M u slim s thus left a d rift
b eg a n to sw im w ith th e cu rren t, and took to th e B e n g a li o f the
H in d u s, a lan g u ag e fre e from all Islam ic in flu e n c e and satu rated
w ith H in d u m y th o lo g y . T he H in d u s as th e g re w in p o litica l
in flu en ce and p ro sp erity w ent on S a n sk ritisin g th eir B en g ali w hich
m ad e it still m o re H in d u ised . T h e co n tin u ed in flu en ce o f su ch a
lite ra tu re co u ld n ot fa il to d ev elo p and in ferio rity co m p lex in the
M u slim s, an d b u t fo r the n o n -p ro se ly tiz in g n a tu re of th e H in d u
relig io n a large n u m b er of them w ould p erh ap s h a v e g o n e back to
the fo ld o f H ind u ism in w hich th e ir fo re-fath ers w ere b o m b efo re
they e m b ra ce d Islam . T here can not be a m ore elo q u e n t testim o n y to
the d e p th of d eg ra d a tio n to w h ich th e M u slim s fell u n d e r the
b a n efu l in flu en ce o f th e cu lture p ro d u ced by the B e n g a li lan gu age
than th e fo llo w in g p a ssa g es w h ich a re qu oted fro m D r. D in esh
C h a n d r a S e n ’s 'H isto ry o f B e n g a li L a n g u a g e a n d L ite r a t u r e '
p u b lish ed by the C alcu tta U n iversity in 1911. The cu ltu ra l con qu est
o f the M u ssalm an s by the H indus h as b ee n d esc rib e d by th e author,
though p erh ap s unconsciou sly, as follo w s :
" T h e g o d d ess L aksm i or Cri w as o n e o f m o st fa m ilia r d eities
w o rsh ip p ed by the Bu d d hists. O n the d o o r-w a y o f m a n y Bud d hist
tem p les th e im age of th is goodess is fou nd in a p ro m in en t position
carv ed in b as relief. It is cu riou s to o b se rv e , that a cla ss of ru ral
M u h a m m e d a n fo lk o f B en gal h a v e , fo r their sole o ccu p a tio n , the
recitin g o f hym ns in B en gali in honou r o f L aksm i-D evi. T h is function
exclu siv ely belongs to them and th e ir H indu b re th re n do n o t seem to
g ru d g e th is." (p age-368).
"A la o l h as given d escrip tio n s of th e re lig io u s c e re m o n ie s o f
H ind us, th eir cu stom s and m anners w ith an accu racy and m inu ten ess
w hich strik e us as w o n d erfu l, co m in g a s they do fro m th e pen o f a
M a h o m ed an w riter ... in his accou nts o f the little ritu a ls co n n ected
w ith th e relig io u s cerem o n ies of th e H in d u s such a s the P racasth a
V an d an a, h e d isp lay s a m astery o f d etail w h ich co u ld o n ly h ave
b een e x p e c te d from an ex p e rie n ce d p riest... T he M o sle m p o e t is
p ro fu se in his eu lo g ies o f C iva the H in d u G o d , and all th rou g h the
w ork w rites in the sp irit and strain o f a d evou t H in d u . C u riou sly
enou gh h is w ork h a s been preserved in C hittagon g b y M oham ed an
readers. T he m an u scrip t o f P a d m a v a ti h ith erto o b tain ed , all b elo n g
to th e b o rd e r lands of A racan in th e b ack w ood s o f C h ittag o n g ,
copied in Persian ch aracters and preserved by the ru ral M ahom ed an
fo lk of those localities. N o H ind u h as ever cared to read them . T his
g o es to p ro ve how far the taste o f th e M ah om ed an s w as im brued
w ith H indu cu lture." (page 625-26).
"M an y a M ah m o ed an o ffered p u ja at H ind u tem p les, as the
H in d u s o ffered sin n i-a t M ah o m ed an m osqu e... M irza H osen A li, a
n ativ e o f the T ip p era d istrict, w ho lived a h u nd red years ago, not
o n ly co m p osed songs in praise of the g od dess Kali, b u t w orshipp ed
h er at h is h o u se w ith g reat eclat an d G ariv H osen C h o u d h u ry of
D acca, a contem porary o f the M irza an other M ah om ed an zem ind ar,
w as a d ev o u t w o rsh ip p er o f C itala D evi, the god d ess o f sm all-p ox,
w o rsh ip p ed by the H indu. G ol M ah m u d is to-d ay the lead er o f a
p ro fessio n al party sing ers in T ip p era w ho sing only priasies of the
g od d ess o f K ali and h is party carries the palm in the resp ect and
g ets en g ag em en ts in p referen ce to H in d u p arties at the h o u se of
o rth o d o x H ind us. H in d u s have b o rn e M ahom ed an n am es and the
M ah om ed ans are often called by H indu nam es and such instances are
very com m on in this country even no..." (pages 793-94)
"T h e M ah o m ed an s o f R ajsh ah i h a v e the m o n o p o ly o f B h asa n
g an or songs on M anasa Dein. In C hittago n g this fusion of ideas and
in terchange of cu stom s and usages seem s to h ave reached its highest
poin t... A p tavu d d in , an o th er M ah om ed an poet o f C h ittago n g w ho
w ro te a p o em called the Jam il D ilaram in 1750, w rites th at h is
h ero, w ho w as a M oh om ed an , w ent to the an oth er w orld to seek a
b o o n from a bo o n from the S ap tarsies or the sev en sa g es o f the
H ind us..." (page - 796).
"In a w ork called Y am in i V ahal by K arim u lla — an in h ab itan t
o f S ita k u n d a in C h itta g o n g (1 7 8 0 A. D .), th e h e r o in e , a
M a h o m ed an , is rep resen ted as p ra y in g to the G od C iv a and in
a n o th er w o rk n am ed Im am Y atrar P u thi, the M ah o m ed an a u th o r
has a hym n address to Sarsvati, the god d ess of learning..."
"K aram Ali, a lead ing poet o f C hittag o n g , san g exq u isitely on
R adha and K risna, one of his p ad as ru n s thus : T h e poet K aram Ali
says ’H ear m e R ad h a, K rishna is alw ay s in thin h eart, enjoy the
sp iritual union, an d do not w eep." (pages 798-99)
oPTf VTptel^ra
"T h e w o rk s by M ahom edan w rite rs n o t ic e d the h ea d

'M isce lla n e o u s w o rks' h av e b e e n m a in ly b ro u g h t to ligh t b y th e
re se a rc h e s o f M u n sh i A bd u l K arim , late H ead M a ste r of A n w ara
S c h o o l in C hittago n g . W e have not b een a b le to see th e se M ss. b u t
b r ie f n o tic e s o f th e m hav e fro m tim e to tim e a p p ea red in th e
V a n g iy a S ah itty a P a risa t P a trik a fro m w h ich our a c c o u n ts a re
g le a n e d . T h e M ss. m ay b e traced w ith th e help o f M u n sh i A b d u l
K a r im ...
" T h e w o rk s m e n tio n e d a b o v e d is c lo s e p le n ty o f s o n g s by
M a h o m e d a n w riters on R adha and K risn a , w h ich s h o w th a t the
lo v e so n g s o f the V a isn a v a s w ere ap p reciated b e y o n d the p ale o f
th e ir o w n society, and insp ired even that race o f Ico n o cla sts w ho
had o n ce gloried in breaking up H in d u temples...
" T h e w o rk s o f M o h o m e d a n w riters m e n tio n e d in this b o o k
are a ll w ritte n in m o re or le ss sa n sk ritise d B e n g a li, and n o t in
that s ty le know n as M usu lm ani B an g ala, w hich sh o w s a n ad m ixture
o f U r d u , P e rsia n and A ra b ic w o rd s w ith c o r r u p t B e n g a li."
(p a g es 803-4)
M u n s h i A bd u l K arim , late H ead M aster o f a M u slim S ch o o l,
m u s t h a v e d e v o te d h is life to m a k in g re se a rc h e s in B en g a li
lite r a tu re . But H ow m any M u slim H ead M a ste rs o f sch o o l ca n
p ro n o u n ce Arabic, Persian or U rd u w ord s correctly even to-day?
T h u s did the M ussu lm ans lo se in th e cou rse of tim e a ll conception
o f Is la m ic trad itio n s and b ro th e rh o o d , thou gh p o litic a l n ecessity ,
p a r tic u la rly o f en su rin g a sh a re in p o w e r and in flu e n c e in the
a d m in istratio n of the C ountry, m a y h a v e co m p elled th em to stick to
the co m m o n organisation of the M u ssu lm ans o f Ind ia. A large num ber
p re fe rre d the m ode o f life and d ress o f the H in d u s, an d those w ho
did n o t g o so far, at least felt m o re a t ho m e w ith B en gali H in d u s
than w ith n o n -B en g ali M uslim s.
S u c h had been the so cial and e d u ca tio n a l c o n d itio n s o f th e
M u s s a lm a n s o f B e n g a l g e n e ra lly w h en th e n e w D o m in io n o f
P ak istan cam e into being on the 15th o f A u gu st, 1947.
N o w the new sta te d em an d s the h o m o g en eity of th e n ation and
the stre n g th and secu rity of its in d e p en d e n ce in te r a lia a u n iform
and th o ro u g h ly overhau led sy stem of ed u catio n a n d a co m m o n State
la n g u a g e . A n y in te llig e n t and se lf-sa c rific in g p e o p le w ill realise
th e im p o rtan ce and urgency o f these natio n al n eed s, an d help the
State in the fu lfillm en t o f them , and in fact all the p ro v in ces o f the
w estern P akistan , the N . W . F. P ., the W est P u n ja b , Sin d and
B alu chistan, thou gh the lan g u ag e o f these p ro v in ces a re n ot U rdu,
h a v e ex te n d e d th e ir fu lle st co -o p e ra tio n to the sta te. But E ast
Bengal w h ich form s the eastern part of the state h as alo n e struck a
d isco rd an t note. A section o f the p eop le o f the p ro v in ce h as raised
a n a g itatio n ag a in st U rd u b ein g m ad e the sta te la n g u a g e. T h is
w ould n ot hav e b een p o ssible today, if in the past the M u ssalm an s
o f B engal had freighted lead ers w ho w ould h av e seen th at at least
ad eq u ate pro visio n w as m ad e for the teaching o f U rd u to M uslim
b o y s and g irls in o rd er to create a th orou ghly M u slim o u tlo o k in
them , w hich w as p articu larly n ecessary in the p ro v in ce w hich w as
rem ote from the rest of the M uslim (m ajority provin ces of) India and
co m p letely isolated from in d ep en d en t M u slim co u n tries, the m ere
crea tio n o f a new M u slim State n ow can n o t ch a n g e o v ern ig h t a
m en tality w hich has d evelo p ed u nd er h a lf a c e n tu ry ’s so cial and
ed u cational influence of the H indus, and he has not b een chastened
eith er, ow ing to its im m unity from the horrors of arson , w h olesale
p lu n d er and m u rd er, w hich m illio n s o f M u slim s in the n orth ern
p ro v in ces o f In d ia h av e recen tly su ffere d at th e h a n d s o f the
H in d u s. T h e a g ita to rs a re at p re sen t in c a p a b le o f fo re se e in g
that u n less the M u slim s o f this far off P ro vin ce fall in lin e w ith the
rest o f P a k ista n , th ey w ill in the co u rse o f ten m o re y ears
b e c o m p le te ly d e n a tio n a lise d and iso la te d fro m th e W estern
P ak istan w h ich is th e stro n g h o ld o f the S tate , b ein g co n tig u o u s
and akin in ed u catio n an d outlook to in d ep en d en t M u slim States,
and ex ten d s the p o w er of Islam ic nation s from L ah ore to M orocco
at o n e u n b ro k e n s tre tc h . T h ey ca n n o t v is u a lis e th a t in th at
event they are b o u n d to g o dow n to H ind u Ind ia, losing com p letely
th eir p o litica l id en tity an d th u s co m m ittin g th e ir ch ild re n and
gran d -ch ild ren fu tu re g en erations to the statu s o f hew ers o f w ood
and d raw ers o f w ater. A t p resent their only fear is that if U rdu is
m ad e th e S ta te la n g u a g e , the W est P a k ista n is w ill g et a ll the
jo b s in th e serv ice o f th e state, a g ro u n d le ss fear w h ich selfish
p o liticia n s are try in g to m ag n ify in th e ir sh o rtsig h te d m in d s.
Bur they do n o t see th at su ch a co n tin g en cy w ill not arise, as
the d isp lacem en t o f E nglish, w hich has b een the State lan gu age
h ith e r to , by U rd u m u st be g r a d u a l. W h en th e P a th a n s w ho
sp ea k P u shtu , the P an jab is w ho sp eak Panjabi an d the S in d h is who
sp e a k S in d h i have a ll w elco m ed U rd u a s the State la n g u a g e , is
th ere a n y good reason w h y B en g ali M u slim s sh o u ld b e a fra id o f
d o in g so , b etray in g th ereby a n in ferio rity com plex a n d ex trem e
n a rro w -m in d e d n e ss? C ann ot th e y re a lise that they w ill at least
h a v e e q u a l o p p o rtu n ities and fa c ilitie s in th e M u slim State, w hich
w o u ld n o t have been and w ould n ever be th e case, if th e y are under
the ru le o f th e o th e r D o m in io n , e v e n w ith B en g ali a s the State
la n g u a g e?
T h e ag itators a d v an ce such co m m o n p lace a rg u m en ts as th a t the
p re scrip tio n o f U rdu as the State language w ill d e s tro y the cu ltu re
o f B e n g a li M uslim s, th at B en g ali-sp eak in g p o p u la tio n in P akistan
is la r g e r than its n o n -B e n g a li sp e a k in g p o p u la tio n , th a t the
B e n g a li lite ra tu re is h ig h ly a d v a n c e d , and so fo rth . In an sw er I
w o u ld say in the first in stan ce that, w hat is ca lle d th e cu ltu re of
B en g ali M u slim s w as n o t th re a te n e d w ith d e stru c tio n d u rin g a
co u rse o f a hundred y ears w hen E n glish w a s the S ta te lan g u ag e of
the co u n try . S e co n d ly , fo r M uslim s there can b e but o n e k in d o f
cu ltu re an d that is th e Islam ic cu ltu re, and from th e Isla m ic p o in t of
view it d o es n o t m a tte r in the least, if th e B engali o r any o th er
cu ltu re is d estro y ed . T h ey can n o t lik e all oth er M u slim s g o on
sh o u tin g the n atio n al slog an "Islam Z in d abad " a n d th e sam e tim e
u n lik e th em h ug to th e ir b o so m s a cu ltu ra l b e g o tte n o f h ea th en
litera tu re. Thirdly, n u m erical su p erio rity d o es n o t co n n a te m e rit or
ju stify th e co n tin u an ce o f cu ltu ral backw ard ness, o th e rw ise history
w ould h a v e told us tod ay a different sto ry o f the e v o lu tio n of h u m an
c iv iliz a tio n . A s to th e m erits o f the v ern a cu la rs it is yet to b e
p ro v ed th at any of th e lan g u ag es sp ok en in .th e s u b c o n tin e n t oth er
th an U rd u is fit to b e adopted a s a m e d iu m of su c h e d u c a tio n for
m o re th an .a q u arter o f a cen tu ry in th e O sm an ia U n iv e rs itie s like
O xford an d s C am bridge.
S o m e o th er arg u m en ts are p u t forw ard a g a in st the ad o p tio n o f
U rd u as the State lan g u ag e, w hich o n ly an im m atu re in te lle ct and
s u p e rfic ia lly ed u cated m ind co ld h a v e thought to be a h eig h t o f
in g e n u ity . It w ou ld b e id le to d is c u s s an d re fu te th e m , sim p ly
b eca u se they h ave b een p u t forw ard b y som e persons w h o p o se a s
le a d e rs .
'3|IC'VTI'=1C<W W fa 'I’ TS
As m atters stand it is high tim e th at the lead ers o f the Province

becam e aliv e to the serio u s d an g er w hich the E astern P ro v in ce of
Pakistan is facing today and w ill u ltim ately su ccu m b to, u nless the
sy stem o f e d u ca tio n p re v a ilin g in th e P ro v in ce is w ith d u t any
further d elay th orou gh ly o verh au led , so as to m ake th e learn in g of
U rd u co m p u lso ry fo r th e stu d en ts. A ny o p p o sitio n fro m qu arter
sh ou ld b e su p p ressed w ith a stro n g hand and w ith o u t the least
h esita tio n . A sen sib le an d far-sig h ted m an w ill n ot h esita te for a
m em en to h ave his ow n festerin g finger... o f to save h is hand . But a
tim ed and ignorant w om an w ill n ev er have the co u ra g e to punish
h er darling so n w ho show s a p ilferin g tend ency, and w ill n ot realise
th at the tend ency w ill, if not ch eck ed at the very b e g in n in g , turn
h er d arlin g in to a ro b b er and then into a m u rd erer, le ad in g him
fin ally to the h a n g m a n 's ro p e. It is fo r the le a d e rs of E astern
P a k istan to m ake up th e ir m ind s as to w hich o f the ab o v e tw o
categ o ries they should be under. T heir task h as n o t y et b eco m e too
d ifficu lt, as the religiou s fervou r o f the M uslim s o f B en g al has not
d isa p p e a re d c o m p le te ly , an d if a p le b is c ite w ere ta k en a fte r
ex p lain in g the P R O S and C O N S to the pedple on the q u estio n of
w hether U rdu should not be the State language o f B engal as w ell as
the w estern Provinces o f P akistan, I am alm ost certain that at least
80 per cent o f the votes w ould be in favour, and the m ockery of the
p resen t ag itation w ill b e thorou ghly exposed. W h eth er w e have got
w ise and learned m en, w ho alo n e hav e the cap a city to- b e n ation
b u ild ers, is how ever an o th er question w hich tim e alon e w ill solve.
I shou ld like to m en tio n that it is n ot the first tim e th at I am
p o in tin g o u t to the n a tio n the serio u s d an g e r w ith w'hich it is
th rea te n ed , both p o litica lly and re lig io u sly , b y th e ed u ca tio n a l
system , w hich is not only u n-Islam ic b u t an ti-Islam ic, prev ailin g in
this p ro v in ce. 1 so u n d ed a n o te o f w arn in g ag a in st the n atio n al
calam ity th at is boun d to follow the teach ing o f U rd u to ou r boys
and girls thirty years ago. I had traveled w hile I w as still a lad in
the in d e p en d e n t M u slim co u n tries o f E gypt, A ra b ia , Sy ria and
Turkey w here m y youthful m ind w as clearly and stron g ly im pressed
by the com m on featu res o f M uslim thought and culture. W hen a few
y ears after, I w as appointed a Special O fficer for M uslim ed u cation
in Bengal, m y official tours took m e into the in terio r of the country,
w hich enabled m e to see how 99 percent of the M u slim s o f Bengal
th o u g h t and lived. I w as surprised a n d rather sh o ck ed t o n o tice th at
the M u slim s o f m y P rovince h a d no th in g in co m m o n w ith ou r c o
relig io u s o f those ind epend ent M u slim countries and v e r y little with
th o se o f n orthern an d w estern In d ia. It looked a s if they w ere a n
e n tire ly d ifferent p eo p le, thou gh passing b y the n am e of M u slim s.
T h at su ch a large pop u lation o f M u slim In d ia should b e alien to th e
Is la m ic C o n c e p tio n , th o u g h t, te m p e ra m en t a n d c u lt u r e , w h ich
in stead o f m aking them a sou rce of stre n g th m ad e th e m a so u rce o f
w e a k n e ss an d p o litica l d a n g e r to the M u slim w o rld , n a tu ra lly
a la rm ed m e, w hich m ad e me in v estigate causes. I fou n d out th at the
c h ie f c a u s e lay in th e fact th a t th e y did not k n o w any Isla m ic
la n g u ag e, and received their p rim ary and m idd le ed u catio n th rou gh
the m e d iu m o f B en g ali and h ig h er th o u g h t th a t of E n g lis h , both
n o n -Isla m ic lan g u ag es. This le d m e to w rite o ffic ia l note o n the
te a ch in g o f U rd u in B engal, in w h ich I p a sse d th e n ecessity o f
m ak in g p ro p e r provision for the teaching o f the la n g u a g e to M u slim
b o y s a n d g irls read in g in sch o o ls, co lle g e s a n d m a d ra s s a s , and
re c o m m e n d e d the c o n s titu tio n o f a B o ard o f U r d u D ip lo m a
E x a m in a tio n w ith a view to p ro d u cin g q u a lifie d te a c h e rs o f the
la n g u ag e. T h e note w as printed by th e ed u catio n D ep a rtm en t and
c ir c u la te d to all D iv isio n a l In sp e c to rs o f s c h o o ls and fin a lly
co n sid e re d b y a Sp ecial C om m ittee w hich w as a p p o in te d — I think
it w as in 1916 — by the G overnm en t o f Bengal to re p o rt on th e w ays
a n d m e a n s o f p ro m o tin g the e d u catio n o f th e M u slim s o f th e
p ro v in c e . T h e C o m m itte e a c c e p te d my r e c o m m e n d a tio n s , b u t
u n fo rtu n ately they could not be given effect to on a c c o u n t of th e First
W o rld W a r w hich w as then in full sw in g, and th e sch e m e w a s p u t
o ff fo r th e tim e b e in g , sh o rtly a fte r, I le f t th e E d u c a tio n
D ep a rtm en t, and th e m atter w a s n o t revived till a fter so m e y ears,
w h en I sp o k e ab o u t it to S ir A b d u r R ahim w h o w a s th en th e
E d u c a tio n M in ister. T h e M in ister ca lle d th e file and im m ed ia tely
passed o rd ers to g iv e effect to th e schem e. A board of U rd u d ip lo m a
e x a m in a tio n w as acco rd in g ly co n stitu ted b y G o v e rn m e n t, w h ich
e x is te d till the c r e a tio n o f th e P ro v in ce of e a s t B e n g a l in th e
d o m in io n of P akistan in A ugust, 1947, and I su p p o se still exists.
T h e a p p en d ix es co n tain m a te ria ls w hich m a y be fou n d to b e
in te re stin g an d u sefu l b y all th o se w h o re alise the n e c e s s ity an d
im p o rta n ce o f the M u slim s of Bengal learn in g U rd u a n d w ould like
«rm 'illt-VMMd
to know w hy the teach in g o f the lan g u ag e h as n ot y et m ad e any

app reciable prog ress in th e Province.
In conclusion I should like to say :

To the y ou th o f Islam — read th e h isto ry o f the ea rly d ays of
Islam an d see the u n iq u e sa c rific e s the M u slim s m a d e an d the
u n p a r a lle le d d is c ip lin e th e y sh ow ed , w h ic h le d to th e ir
p h en om en al rise in the w orld . D o n o t let p etty co n sid era tio n s get
the b etter of y ou r sen se o f co u rage and foresigh t. T h in k and act as
god and his proph et w ant you to do, and sp iritual en lig h ten m en t as
w ell as m aterial p ro sp erity w ill co m e to you as a m atter of course.
Y o u w ill n ev er ach ieve them , if you w ill follow the d ictates of you r
b a ser self.
To le a d ers— p lease ed u ca te y o u rselv es so as to b e w ise and
lea rn ed , so that you m ay d esp ite selfish m o tiv es and h a v e the
co u rage to sw im ag ain st the cu rren t of all ru inou s and the su icid al
agitations of the peop le and thus acquire the cap acity to b e bu ild ers
of the nation. If you can n o t w rite tw o sentences together correctly in
any o f the Islam ic la n g u a g es— A rabic, T u rk ish , P ersian o r U rd u ,
how can you be co n sid ered to be learned, and if you can n ot realise
what this m eans for-a M uslim , how can you be considered to b e wise?
To the Q u aid -i-A zam — d arlin g o f the n atio n ! It is alm ost cruel
to ex p e ct you to do m o re a fte r the en o rm o u s stra in y o u h av e
u n d erg o n e in y o u r lo n g stru g g le to m ak e us a free p eop le. Y ou
certainly d eserve som e rest now . G od w illin g, you w ill enjoy rest and
p eace in p arad ise. I o n ly p ray th at the nation m ay n ot th rou gh its
u n w o rth in ess lose the ind epend ence, that you h av e ach ieved for it
by y ou r life long labours, and w hen you leave the w orld — as every
m ortal m us— you m ay leave in happiness. Am en!
I do n o t w ant to say anything to those w ho belo n g to the nation
by m ere a ccid e n t of b irth and o n ly b e a r M uslim n am es, w ho h ave
n o th in g a t sta k e , as it w ill n o t m ak e an y d iffe re n c e to th em
w h eth er they are u n d er M uslim rule or under the rule of h eath en s,
and w ho are in cap ab le o f thinking and actin g lik e M uslim s. Th e
C reator o f m ankind sa y s : "D eaf, dum b (and) blin d , so they w ill not
turn back" (A l-Q uran, 2:18) who am ong his b eliev in g creatu res then
can ev er h o p e to b e able to convert such m en?
A p p e n d ix A
34, C ircus A v en u e
C a lcu tta , the 2n d D e ce m b e r, 1943
D ear H o n 'b le Mr. T am izu d d in K han,

I a m very glad to learn fro m y o u r P arliam en tary S ecreta ry th a t .
y ou ta k e a keen in terest in the teaching o f Urdu in B en g al. Y o u m ay
h a v e le a rn t from y o u r S e cre ta ry th a t P ro v in cial b ra n c h o f the A ll
In d ia A n ju m a n -e-T a ra q q ie — U rdu is g o in g t o be e s ta b lis h e d in
B e n g a l w ith Sir F . R ah m an as it s P resid en t. W e feel th a t th e
s u cce ss o f the p rop osed o rg a n isa tio n w ill largely d e p e n d o n y o u r
s y m p a th y an d h elp . In this co n n ectio n I sh o u ld lik e to m a k e th e
fo llo w in g observation s, w hich I th ink it is necessary t o bear in m ind
in ta k in g step s to p opu larise th e U rd u language in th is P rovince an d
p re p a re a p ro g ressive schem e fo r its p ro p e r teaching.
T h e p ast generation o f the M uslim s o f Bengal w e re en th u siastic
about th e ir ch ild re n le a rn in g U rd u , a s w ill a p p e a r fro m S ir
A r c h d a le E a rle 's sc h e m e w h ich led t o th e e s ta b lis h m e n t of
m a k ta b s an d tm d rassah s (I am sp eakin g fro m m e m o r y ) so m e thirty
y e a rs a g o . But a s th e e d u ca tio n D e p a rtm en t n e v e r p ro v id e d
q u a lified teachers o f this language, presum ably u n d e r the erro n eo u s
id ea th a t M o u l a v is a p p o in te d to teach P ersian a n d A ra b ic in
s c h o o ls an d m a d rassah s w ere also com p eten t to te a c h u rd u , the
sch e m e proved a failu re, and th e stud en ts w ere n o t a b le to learn the
la n g u a g e . T h e a p a th y , ra th e r h o stility , sh o w n b y the p re sen t
g e n e ra tio n to the le a rn in g o f U rdu is o n ly a r e a c tio n to the p a st
failure. T h e M uslim s of Bengal have now begun to th in k -erro n eo u sly
o f co u rse— that it is im p ossible for B en g ali M uslim s t o learn how to
sp ea k an d w rite U rd u co rrectly , leav e alo n e m asterin g the lan guage,
and th a t o nly those b o rn and bred in U. P. can a c q u ire pro ficien cy in
the la n g u a g e . T h is absu rd feelin g is I a m afraid t h e re su lt o f an
in fe r io rity co m p le x a n d n o th in g else, w h ich th e y do n o t d a re
co n fe ss. A s a cam ou flag e for hid in g the fa ct, of w h ic h they m ay not
th em selv es b e fully conscious, som e o f the influential m e m b e rs o f the
c o m m u n ity base th eir h o stility to the te a c h in g of U rd u on su ch
fa lla c io u s g ro u n d s as that U rd u th reaten s to s u p p la n t B en g ali
w h ich is th eir m oth er tongu e, that U rdu m u st b e sim p lifie d , if it is
to b e le a rn t by B engali M u slim s, th a t is n o t n ecessary to learn U rd u
«T5TI -0|K'*TI«1WS ^ 0 3
to acquire religiou s ed u cation. If one know s A rabic and P ersian , and

s o forth. They do n o t realise.
(i) th at th ere is no q u estio n of U rd u v ersu s B en gali in learn in g
U rdu, as there is n one o f A rabic, Persian o r English v ersu s B engali in
learn in g any o f these lan g u ag es;
(ii) that th e know ledge o u r boys generally acquire is sch o o ls and
co lle g e s of P ersian and A rab ic is very su p erficia l w h ich d o es not
e n a b le th em to stu d y b o o k s on T afsir, H adis or F iqah in th o se
la n g u a g es, and so ou r b o y s p ra c tica lly learn o n ly E n g lish and
B en gali w hich are of little use to them from the relig io u s p o in t of
v ie w ;
(iii) that w h ile it is th e d u ty o f the U le m a to s p e c ia lise in
Islam ic learning, it is also in cu m b en t on every M u slim w h o has the
m ean s to acq u ire ed u catio n to acq u ire su fficien t k n o w led g e o f the
B ook o f G od and the T rad ition s of H is P rophet, and that n o M oslem
can b e con sid ered to be ed u cated in the sense o f the w ord , u nless he
possesses such know ledge.
(iv) that the m oth er to n g u e o f the M u slim s of the P u n jab , the
next M u slim province in n um erical im p o rtan ce in Ind ia, is n ot U rdu,
b u t P unjabi, and yet the P unjab has prod uced som e o f the b est U rdu
w rite rs an d p o ets and p u b lish e s th e la rg e st n u m b er o f U rd u
n ew sp ap ers and periodicals that com e out in an y P rovince o f India;
(v) that they are o n ly h u m iliatin g the great M u slim p o p u latio n
o f B engal by p ractically p ro claim in g to In d ia that the M u ssalm an s
o f B engal can n o t learn U rd u , th at is to say, that the M u ssalm an s of
Bengal are incapable o f d oin g w hat the M u ssalm an s o f P u n ab have
done;
(v i) th a t o u r H in d u co u n try m e n h a v e sh o w n fa r g re a te r
p o litical fo resig h t th an u s m asm u ch as th at d u rin g the C o n g ress
regim e its p ro v in cial m in istrie s lost n o tim e in tak in g all p o ssib le
step to co m p el all H ind us to learn H in d i w ith a view to p rom otin g
the so lid arity an d unity o f their co m m u n ity all o v er Ind ia, and , if I
rem em b er alrig h t, M r. R a jag o p alach ria d u rin g h is P rem iersh ip of
M ad ras w en t s o far as to sen d to jail all th ose w ho refu sed to learn
H ind i, alth o u g h H indi has no relig iou s im p ortan ce fo r the H ind us;
(vii) th a t w h ile o n the one hand it w ould take ou r b o y s m u ch
less time to acquire a fair d eg ree of p ro ficien cy in U rdu, in view o f
its b ein g a spoken lan g u ag e of Ind ia, th an in A rabic and P ersian , on
^ -0 8
th e o th e r h an d th e te a c h in g o f U rd u in B e n g a l w o u ld h a v e
fa rrea ch in g co n sequ en ces for us from religious, cu ltu ra l an d political
p oin ts o f view ;
( v iii) th a t e x p e rie n c e h as sh o w n th a t a s a r u le a n d U rd u -
k n o w in g stu d en t o f A rabic o r P ersian can be a far b e tte r sch o la r of
those lan g u ag es than a non-U rdu-know ing-student;
(ix ) th a t by sh o w in g h o stility to the learn in g o f U rd u th ey are
o n ly h e lp in g the n o n -M u slim s in th eir cu ltu ra l c o n q u e s t o f the
M u slim s o f B eng al, and that, u n less im m ed iate s te p s a re taken to
stem th e tid e o f this co n q u est w hich has alread y b e g u n , the fu tu re
g en era tio n s o f the M uslim s o f Bengal w ill have n o th in g b u t n am e in
co m m o n w ith the rest o f M uslim Ind ia and M uslim w o rld ;
(x ) th a t the p ro m o tio n a n d d iffu sio n am o n g th e M u slim s o f
B en g al o f Islam ic cu ltu re and id eas w ith w h ich th e U rd u language
and lite ra tu re are satu rated w ill n o t o n ly p ro ve a so u rce of g reat
stre n g th to them and p lace them on a co m m o n M u slim p latfo rm in
In d ia, b u t w ill on acco u n t of their n u m erical su p e rio rity m ak e them
the le a d e rs o f M u slim p o litics in Ind ia;
(x i) th at it is no use shu tting o u r eyes to the fact th at m an to m an
the M u s lim s of B en g al do n o t sh o w the sam e sta n d a rd o f g en era l
e ffic ie n c y an d broad o u tlo o k as th eir co -relig io n ists o f th e.U . P. an d
the P u n ja b , w ho are w ell versed in th e U rdu la n g u a g e an d literatu re
d o, a n d th at this is ch iefly b eca u se th eir m in d s a re less in flu en ced
and im p re sse d by Islam ic co n cep tio n s and id eas o n a cco u n t o f th eir
ig n o ra n ce o f this language.
I fe e l it is m y d uty to sou nd a n o te of w a rn in g to m y M u slim
c o u n try m e n that it is h ig h tim e th a t serio u s an d p ro m p t atten tio n
w as p a id to the p ro b lem of teach in g U rd u in B en g a l, o th erw ise the
e n tire M u slim p o p u latio n o f the p ro v in ce w ill in c o u rs e of tim e b e
c o m p le te ly d en atio n alised from th e Islam ic p o in t o f v iew , and o u r
fu tu re g en era tio n s w ill not re m em b e r u s w ith g ra te fu ln e s s for o u r
a p a th y an d lack o f foresigh t.
In th is co n n ectio n I w ould su g g est that y ou m a y call for and g o
th ro u g h th e files w hich co n tain a n o te it is a p rin te d o n e on th e
te a c h in g o f U rd u in B en g al w ritte n b y m e w h e n I w as a S p e cia l
O ffic e r for M u slim E d u cation som e thirty years a g o , and the sch em e
for th e cre a tio n o f a B oard o f U rd u D ip lo m a E x a m in a tio n w h ich
w as co n stitu ted in p u rsu an ce of th at n o te. U n d er th at sch em e an
U rdu D ip lom a E xam in atio n w as p rescrib ed , w h ich is s till in force,
but u nfortu nately nothin g practical has b ee n done so far to encourage
stu d en ts and scho lars to p ass that ex am in atio n . E v en a certificate
has not, as far as I know , been prescribed and p rin ted to b e aw arded
to those w h o m ay take in terest in the learning of U rd u an d pass the
exam ination. I on m y p art, did m y best in this d irectio n , it is n ow for
the E d ucation D epartm ent to advance the cau se b y p ro p erty w orking
th e sc h e m e w h ich G o v e rn m e n t a p p ro v e d a fte r c o n s u ltin g all
D iv isio n a l In sp e cto rs o f S c h o o ls to w h o m m y n o te h ad b een
circ u la te d .
M ay I te ll y ou , d ear M in iste r, th a t y ou w ill b e re n d e rin g a
co lo ssal, m ay a religiou s, serv ice to the co m m u n ity , if d u rin g your
regim e as M in ister in ch arge o f E d ucation you be p leased to take up
this im p o rtan t ed u cation al problem o f far reach in g co n seq u en ces for
the M u slim s o f Bengal and in tro d u ce an ex h au stiv e an d effectiv e
sch em e for the teach ing o f U rd u in the P ro v in ce I h o p e you w ill
a g ree w ith m e w hen I say th at the p o litica l a d v a n ce m en t o f the
M u slim s is clo sely lin k e d up w ith th e ir re lig io u s an d cu ltu ra l
a d v a n ce m en t. C an P a k ista n , if it is a ch ie v e d , e v e r th riv e and
H ourish. It the M u slim s in h abitin g the co m p on en t p ro v in ces do not
in the m ean tim e p rep are th em selv es for it and b eg in to th in k like
M u slim s an d a ct lik e M u slim s, w hich is o n ly p o ssib le , if o u r
c h ild re n can learn w h at is Isla m as it w as ta u g h t by th e H oly
P ro p h et (M ay p eace b e on H im !) an d n o t as it is g e n e ra lly
understood today?
In co n clu sio n I w ou ld assu re you that m y h u m b le serv ices are
a lw a y s a t y o u r d isp o sa l, sh o u ld y ou re q u ire m y a d v ic e and
assistan ce in the m atter.
M ay G od bless the band of enthu siastic you ng M uslim s o f Bengal
w ho h ave risen to the occasion and are w orking in the cause of Urdu!
M ay G od g u id e and help you to rescue the M uslim s o f the Province
from the atm osp here w hich has been created by an extrem ely faulty
system o f ed u catio n p rev ailin g in the P ro vin ce, w h ich is poison in g
and u nderm inin g day by day the m entality , ch aracter and ou tlook of
our younger generation!
Yours Sin cerely,
B. D. A hm ed
:5TO
M in is te r
G o v ern m en t o f Bengal
13, D ilk u s h a Street
C a lc u tta
The 11th D ece m b er, 1943.
M y d e a r K h an B ah ad u r Saheb,
H e a rty th an k s for you r letter o f th e 2nd in sta n t. T h e v iew s
you h a v e e x p r e sse d in y o u r le tte r a re a lm o st id e n tic a l w ith
m in e . O u r p o sitio n w ith resp ect to U rd u m ig h t h a v e b e e n the
s a m e as in th e P u n ja b , o n ly i f o u r fo rm e r le a d e r s a cted
w ith fo r e s ig h t in th e m atter. T h e s itu a tio n h a s n o w b eco m e
d ifficu lt. B u t I do n ot thin k it is irretrievable. T h e p re s e n t m om en t
seem s to b e p articu larly opportune becau se the P a k ista n M ovem en t
h a s d r iv e n h o m e to th e M u sa lm a n s o f In d ia t h e n e c e s sity o f
a co m m o n lan g u ag e w hich cann ot but b e U rd u . I a m th an k fu l for
y ou r k in d o ffe r o f assistan ce w hich I h o p e to b e a b le to u tilise in
due course.
Y o u rs sincerely
T. K han
K han B ah ad u r B ad ru d d in A hm ed
A pp end ix B
From
K han B ah ad u r B ad ru d d in A hm ed, B. A.
S ecretary , B oard o f U rd u D iplom a E xam in atio n
B engal
To
The D ire cto r o f P ublic Instruction, Bengal
34, C ircu s A venue
C a lcu tta , th e 20th Sep tem b er, 1946.
S ir ,
I a m d ire cted to ad d ress you o n the su b je ct of re v is io n o f the
e x istin g ru les for h o ld in g the U rdu D ip lom a E x am in a tio n .
In th is co n n ectio n I am to say that th e B o ard of U rd u D iplom a
E x a m in a tio n co n sid ers th at it is n ecessa ry to take m o re effectiv e
step s to p o p u la rise th e ex a m in a tio n w ith a v iew to p ro d u cin g
<5Prr sw -w w d
e ffic ie n t teach ers o f U rd u in th e P ro v in ce, w h ich co n ta in s the

largest M uslim popu lation in India. The necessity for p rod ucin g such
teach ers w as fully ex p lain ed in the N ote on the T each in g o f U rd u in
B engal, w hich w as prepared in 1916 by the then A ssistan t In sp ector
o f S c h o o ls fo r M u slim E d u c a tio n in ch a rg e o f th e P resid en cy
D iv ision , w hich led to co n stitu tio n of the Board of U rd u D ip lom a
E xam in ation by G overn m en t. T he B oard o b serv es.th at alth ou g h the
sch em e has been in force for m any y ears, the ex am in atio n h as n ot
b een held regu larly, and the teach in g o f U rdu in the P ro v in ce, the
im p ro v em en t o f w h ich w as aim ed at b y the co n stitu tio n o f the
B o ard , has n o t so far m ad e an y ap p recia b le p ro g ress. E fficie n t
te a ch e rs are h ard ly a v a ila b le to te a ch U rdu in th e n u m ero u s
sch o o ls and m adrasahs of the P rovince. A n u nfortu nate resu lt o f this
state o f affairs has been that in C alcu tta, w here a very large section
o f the population is U rd u -sp eak in g , the ch ild ren o f U rdu sp eakin g
resid en ts o f the city can n o t avail th em selv es o f the b en efits of free
p rim ary ed u catio n p ro v id ed for in th e sch o o ls esta b lish ed b y the
C o rp o r a tio n o f C a lc u tta . B e n g a li M u slim te a c h e rs , in c lu d in g
M a d ra sa h passed M o u la v is, em p lo y ed in these p rim ary schools do
not attract U rd u -sp eak in g boys, as they do not gen erally p o ssess the
requ isite q u alificatio n s for teach in g U rdu. Su ch an im p ed im en t is
b oun d to affect M uslim ed u catio n ad versely, besid es b ein g u nfair to
U rdu speaking rate p ay ers o f the city. Sim ilar co n d itio n s p revail in
oth er centres also inhabited by U rd u -sp eaking M uslim s, e. g., D acca,
M u rsh id ab ad , M id an p o re, etc. I d o es not seem n ecessa ry h ere to
reiterate the ed u catio n al d isad v an tag es w hich M u slim s in gen eral
h ave to labour under for w ant o f ad equ ate p rovision for the teaching
of Urdu in the ed u cational institutions o f the province.
T h e B o ard is o f o p in io n that th ere are a t p re se n t c e rta in
d ra w b a ck s in the sch e m e, w h ich sh o u ld be rem ov ed as so o n as
p ossible to m ake the sch em e m o re effectiv e in p ro d u cin g q u alified
te a ch e rs o f U rd u . In th e first p la ce , it a p p e a rs th a t M o u l a v i s
em ployed in G overnm en t and aided schools and m adrasahs h ave not
so fa r ca red to sit fo r th e U rd u D ip lo m a E x a m in a tio n , ch iefly
b ecau se they know that th eir co n firm atio n or p ro m o tio n d oes not
depend o n the passing of the exam in ation, as it d o es n o t the passing
of a D ep artm en tal E x am in atio n in B en g ali in th e ca s e s o f teach ers
and professors em ployed in 'G overn m en t schools an d co lleg es w hose
"S W T ' 0 | K '* T | e i C * 1 H t r f c i s i ^ R I
m o th e r to n g u e is n o t B engali. S e co n d ly , th e E x a m in a tio n is at
p re se n t co n fin e d to p erso n s w ho are alread y em p lo y ed a s M au lav is
in s c h o o ls and m ad rasah s, and it is, th erefo re, d iffic u lt to secu re
d u ly q u a lifie d ca n d id a te s, w hen n e w a p p o in tm e n ts a r e m ad e.
T h ir d ly , n o c e r tif ic a t e is g ra n te d to th o se w h o p a ss th e
e x a m in a tio n , so as to en able th em to p ro cu re a p p o in tm e n ts w ith
b e tte r p ro sp e c ts in ed u ca tio n a l in stitu tio n s e ith e r in th is or an y
o th e r P ro v in ce. F ou rthly, som e o f the prescribed a n d reco m m en d ed
b o o k s are n o t now easily available.
In th e circu m stan ces th e Board d esires to m a k e th e follow in g
re co m m e n d a tio n s:
1. T h e ex istin g R u les for th e co n d u ct o f th e U rd u D iplom a
E x a m in a tio n fo r the M au lav is em p lo y ed in sch o o ls an d m a d ra sa h s
b e th o ro u g h ly revised. A copy o f the revised rules a s d ra fted by the
B o a rd is en clo sed herew ith .
2 . In m a k in g a p p o in tm e n ts o f M a u la v is to te a c h A ra b ic an d
P ersia n in sch o o ls an d m ad rassah s p re fe re n c e sh o u ld b e given to
th o se ca n d id a te s w ho hold the U rdu D ip lom a.
3 . N o M o u la v i w ho d oes not hold the U rd u D ip lo m a should be
co n sid ere d to be a qu alified teacher of U rdu, unless o f co u rs e he is an
M. A . in o r B. A. with H onours in Urdu.
4 . N o M ou lav i w ho is alread y em ployed in a G o v e rn m e n t school
or m a d r a s s a h to teach A rabic or P ersian should be co n firm ed in h is
p o st, a n d n o su ch M o u la v i w h o is a lrea d y c o n firm e d sh o u ld b e
a llo w e d to d raw any in crem ent in h is salary , u n less h e h as passed
the U rd u D iplom a Exam ination. This is necessary in o rd er to com p el
th e m to q u a lify to take o ver U rdu classes also.
T h e B o ard d esires to m ake the sp ecial re co m m en d a tio n that for
th e n e x t few years a M o u lav i em p lo y ed in a G o v e rn m e n t school or
m a d r a s s a h m ay be allo w ed to d raw th e first or n e x t in crem en t, as
th e c a s e m ay b e, as so o n as h e h a s p assed th e U rd u D ip lom a
e x a m in a tio n .
I am to o b serv e that the ap p ro v al and ad o p tio n o f the above
re co m m e n d a tio n s w ill n o t only p ro v id e n ecessary fa cilities for the
p r o p e r te a c h in g o f U rd u in th e e d u ca tio n a l in s titu tio n s o f th e
P ro v in c e b u t u ltim ately effect co n sid erable eco n o m y in th e b u d g ets
o f e d u c a t io n a l in s t it u t io n s an d E d u c a tio n D e p a r tm e n t o f
G o v e rn m e n t, in as m u ch as it w ill o b v iate e n tire ly th e n ecessity o f
a p p o in tin g sep arate teach ers of U rd u b esid es th o se o f A rab ic and
P e rs ia n .
'5IK-WW3
I am to request that G o v ern m en t m ay be m oved at a very early

date to acco rd their ap p roval to the revised d raft rules.
I have the hon ou r to be

S ir ,
Y ou r m ost obedient servant,
B. D. A hm ad
S e c re ta ry
B a d ru d d in A h m e d , E ast P ak istan 's Im m ed ia te D an g er, D a cca :

B aliad i P rin tin g W o rk s, 1948. (M iscella n eo u s T racts, India O ffice
L ibrary an d R ecords, Lon don), pp. 121.
|ifoi<n's,ra : (ttr
U n iversity o f D acca
O ffice N otes regarding the M em orand u m on the Q u estion of U rdu as
a M edium o f Instruction in Pakistan.
W . H. A. Sad an i, H ead o f the D ep artm en t o f U rd u and P ersian
and the D ean o f the F acu lty o f A rts w ro te in h is m em oran d a on
"M em orand um on the Q uestion of U rdu as a M edium o f Instruction in
P akistan" on 12 D ecem ber, 1951 t h a t :
"T he issu e raised is o n e o f fu n d a m en ta l im p o rta n ce n o t on ly
to the m a in ten a n ce o f e d u ca tio n a l sta n d a rd s a t th e u n iv ersities,
b u t a lso to the larg er in tere sts o f P ak istan . A nd y et it m ay b e
th at the w ise r co u rse w ou ld be to p ro ceed slo w ly testin g ev ery
step by ex p e rie n ce o f resu lt ach iev ed . T h ere can b e n o q u estio n
th a t e v e n tu a lly U rd u as th e s ta te la n g u a g e of P a k is ta n
sh ou ld rep lace E nglish, bu t the real qu estio n is w h en , and by w hat
sta g es. S e co n d ly th e fact th at E ast P a k ista n is a h o m o g e n o u s
L in g u istic u nit w ith B engali as the region al lan g u ag e o f m ajo rity of
P a k is ta n ’ p o p u la tio n ra ise s d iffic u lt is su e s in im p le m e n tin g
"U rd u " as th e m e d iu m o f in stru ctio n an d e x a m in a tio n in E a st
B en g al as it m ig h t raise a d m in istra tiv e d iffic u ltie s in fin d in g
ad equ ate an d su itable staff for teach ing and exam in ation for qu ite a
num ber of years.
A n other teacher from the Science Faculty com m ented on 19-1-1952
"In m y o p in io n b o th U rdu and B engali should c h a n g e ovpr to
R om an sc rip t. I am q u ite aw are that th ere a re d iffic u ltie s in th e
w ay, b u t th ey c a n certain ly b e overco m e. O nly a fter th a t h a s b e e n
d one, w ill th e re b e an y sense in w ritin g textbooks in any o f th ree
lan g u ag es.
Q a z i M o ta h a r H o ssain , H ead of th e D ep a rtm en t o f S ta tistic s
and D ea n o f the Faculty o f Science C om m ented o n 3 .2 .1952 :
"I fa il to se e how o r why these p ap ers should c o n c e rn u s in th e
D acca U n iv e rs ity . It is en tire ly a m a tte r fo r the U n iv e r s itie s o f
W est P a k is ta n . It is fo r th em to p re p a re th e ir o w n sy lla b u s in
a cco rd a n ce w ith the stand ard s attained in the low er sta g e s.
T h e r e is, h o w e v e r, o n e p h rase , v iz , "to b e g in w ith in th e
d e c is io n o f th e U rd u C o m m itte e , th a t n e e d s c la r ific a t io n . It
in d ic a te s th a t sc o p e w ill ex ten d from the In te r m e d ia te to th e
h ig h er c o u r s e s g ra d u a lly . But if the s a id co m m itte e p re su m e to
convey th a t th e scope w ill be extended in future to o th e r p ro v in ces i.
e., to E a s t B e n g a l, th e y are cle a rly o u tsid e their p r o v in c e . It is
a b so lu te ly a sen se le ss id ea to think that in this p ro v in ce ed u catio n
in the U n iv e rsity stages or in the prim ary and seco n d a ry stag es can
be im p arted exten siv ely through the m edium o f Urdu.
S o m e tim e ag o , I th in k there w as a ta lk of im p a rtin g U n iv ersity
and In te rm e d ia te ed u catio n throu gh the m ed iu m of B e n g a li. This is
a fea sib le id ea and a w ell-co m e one. W e sh o u ld m o v e for a B engali
C o m m itte e o f th e pu rp ose. A s a m atter o f fact, I have fou n d it qu ite
p o ssib le to te a c h B. A. an d M . A. cla sse s in P h y sics , M a th e m a tics
and S ta tis tic s th rou gh the m edium o f B en g ali."
From I. H . Ju b e ri P ro fesso r and H ead of th e D ep artm en t o f E nglish,

U n iv ersity o f D acca on 16.2.1952.
It is m y co n sid ere d op inion th a t U rd u can n o t re p la c e E n glish
a t its p r e s e n t sta te o f L in g u istic and T e ch n ic a l D e v e lo p m e n t;
the q u e stio n raised by th e n o te o f the G o v ern m en t o f P a k ista n on
p ag e 8 a t "A " co n c e rn s the U niversity o f P akistan in its W estern
S e cto r s o on th is C o m m ittee there w as n o re p re s e n ta tiv e of th is
u n iv e r s ity !
I th in k w e sh o u ld say that in the o p in io n of th is U n iv ersity
U rd u c a n n o t re p la ce E n g lish a s m e d iu m o f in s tru c tio n in th is
^ sp n ■ W r M M 'S
p ro v in ce , c o m p u lso ry o r o p tio n a l. A c a te g o ric a l re p ly in the

n eg a tiv e is in d icated .
U n iv ersity o f D haka, D -R eg ister, D haka U n iv ersity R ecord R oom ,
1952, B und le No. 21, File N o. 626.
wfcict’ ra 7is3Tt: <t^
E x tra ct from the M in u tes o f the E xecu tiv e C o u n cil held on the 26
M arch , 1955.
M edium of In stru ctio n :
In accordance w ith the recom m endation o f the A cad em ic C ouncil
(1 6 .3 .5 5 ) R e ce iv e d : T h a t th e m e d iu m o f in s tru c tio n fo r all
In term ed iate, g rad uate and P ost-grad u ate teaching sh o u ld con tin u e
to b e E n g lish b u t d iffic u lt p o in ts m ig h t be e x p la in e d in the
v ern acu lar as w ell as in E n glish if a teach er co n sid ers it to b e so
d e s ira b le .
(2) T h at the V ice-C h an cello r be requested to issu e a circu la r of
th is m atter.
S d / Ille g ib le
R eg ister
M ed ium o f In stru ctio n at the U n iversity L evel
A t the last m eeting o f the P rincip als o f C olleges the qu estio n o f the
m edium of instruction in w hich lectures should be delivered cam e up
for discussion. It w as clear from the points o f view exp ressed and the
ex p erien ces d etailed th at there som e lectu rers w ho are in the habit
of using B en g ali instead of En glish to a co n sid erab le extent. It w as
g e n e r a lly a g ree d th a t w h ile th ere ca n n o t be an y o b je ctio n of
d ifficu lt p o in ts b ein g ex p lain ed in the v ern acu la r as w ell as in
English, it is d esirab le that so long as E n glish rem ain s the accepted
m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n at the U n iversity level, lectu rers sh ould not
d ev iate from th is accep ted p ro ced u re excep t p erh a p s w h ere it is
e s s e n tia l to e x p la in p a rtic u la rly d ifficu lt p o in ts. It sh o u ld be
realised that th ere are stu d en ts w hose vern acu lar is n ot Bengali and
u n til it is o ffic ia lly ag reed th at a lan g u ag e o th e r th an E n glish
should b e the m ed iu m o f In stru ctio n , all colleges should ad h ere to
«TCT 'SflC'*Tl=1C')d
th e p r e s e n t o ffic ia l p ra c tic e o f d e liv e r in g a ll le c tu r e s , sa v e

'la n g u a g e ' o n es, in E nglish.
Sd /W . A . Jen k in s
V ic e -C h a n c e llo r
E x tra ct fro m th e M inute o f the E x ecu tiv e C ou n cil h eld o n the 26th
M arch , 1955.
M em o N o . 617-c/ A -77 (M J-59 R am n a, D acca, th e 1 6 th July, 1955.

C opy fo rw a rd e d t o :
1. H e a d s o f all D epartm ents o f the U n iv ersity of D a cca .
2. P r in c ip a ls o f a ll co n stitu e n t an d affiliated C o lle g e s o f the
U n iv e rsity o f D acca fo r inform ation and n ecessary a ctio n .
S d / Ille g ib le
R e g is tra r
D a cca U n iv ersity
E xtract fro m the M inutes o f the A cad em ic C ou n cil held o n the 10th
S e p te m b er, 1957.
A d o p tio n o f Bengali a s the m ed iu m of in s tru c tio n :
R e so lv e d w ith re fe re n c e to the re so lu tio n o f the a d jo u rn ed
A n n u al M e e tin g of th e C o u rt [29.6.57] [Resolution N o. 6 7 ] : T h a t a
C o m m itte e b e co n stitu ted as follow s to d ev ise w ays a n d m ean s to
adopt B e n g a li as the m ed iu m of in stru ctio n in the In te rm e d ia te and
under g ra d u a te classes.
1. V ice C h an cello r
2. D ean o f the F acu lty of A rts
3. D ean of the F acu lty of Scien ce
4. D ean o f the F acu lty of E d u catio n
5. H ead o f the D ep artm en t of B en g ali
6. D ire cto r of P ublic Instruction, East P akistan
7. M r. Z u lfaq ar Ali
8. M r. S. M. Fazlur R ah m an , R ead er in P hysics
9. Dr. B. K arim
10. Dr. M . R ahm an, R ead er in M ath em atics
11. M r. E brahim K han
12. K h an B ah ad u r A b d u r R ah m an Khan
(w ith pow er to co-opt)
U n iv e r s ity o f D h ak a, D -R eg ister, D h aka U n iv ersity R e co r d R oom ,
1955, B u n d le N o. 67, File N o . 42.
w?\ l ^ t e r a coirs' (f^TcsT©) w ftr^
^tSyft Sfb"«?Tt*T<l s r s f a
E x tract from the ad jo u rn ed A n n u al M eetin g o f the C o u rt o f the
U n iversity o f D acca held on Satu rd ay , the 29th Ju n e, 1957 at 6 P. M .
in the A ssem b ly hall of F azlu l H u q M u slim H all, the M eetin g w as
d issolved at 10-30 P. M.
67. M r. S h a fiq u r R ah m a n : S ir, I b eg to m o v e : T h a t the
A cad em ic C o u n cil b e req u ested to appoin t a C o m m ittee to d ev ise
w ays and m eans to ad opt B engali as the m edium of in stru ctio n s in
the interm ed iate and u nd ergrad u ate classes.
F u rth er, th at the said C o m m ittee sh o u ld in clu d e ex p erts w ho
m ay n o t m em b ers o f the A cad em ic C ou n cil an d h a v e at least one
rep resen tative of the C ourt.
M r. A. K. M. B urhanuddin : I second it.
M r. S h afiq u r R ah m an : Sir, A rticle 214 o f the C o n stitu tio n of

P a k ista n p ro v id e s th a t E n g lish la n g u a g e w ill rem a in as sta te
language for 20 years from the day o f passing the C on stitu tion , and
su b -cla u se (3) o f the sam e A rticle p ro v id es th at n o th in g in th is
A rtic le sh a ll p re v en t a p ro v in cia l G o v e rn m e n t from re p la cin g
E n glish by eith e r o f the State lan g u ag es for u se in th at p ro vin ce
b efo re the exp iratio n o f the said period o f tw enty years. In view of
the fact so far as East P akistan co n cern ed , B en g ali sh ould b e the
state lan g u ag e o f this province. I h op e the A cad em ic C ou n cil w ill
take th is rig h t e a rn e st and d ev ise w ays an d m ean s to see that
Bengali is m ade the m edium of instru ction in the colleges.
T h e m o tio n w as ca rrie d u n an im o u sly and it w as R eso lv ed
acco rd in g ly .
M em o No. 2098 Ram na, D acca, the 20th A ugust, 1957.

C opy F orw ard ed to the Sten o g rap h er, C ou n cil Sectio n for placin g
the m atter befo re the A cadem ic C ou ncil.
Sci / Ille g ib le
R eg istra r,
D acca U n iversity
M R C ./20.8.
U n iv ersity o f D h ak a, D -R eg ister, D haka U n iv ersity R ecord R oom ,
1957, Bundle N o. 81, File N o. 291.
■'ff5T5f’ ra TR.'XTt : i i
«t% ^ R i m ' t>w f ^ T t r o V 'S W s j
R e p o rt o f th e C o m m itte e se t up b y th e U n iv e rs ity o f D a cca

fo r c o n s id e r a tio n o f the R ep o rt o f th e E a s t-B e n g a l L a n g u a g e
C o m m ittee , 1949.
1. In tro d u ctio n : East Bengal Language C om m ittee w as set u p in 1949
a n d its re p o rt w as p rin ted in 1958. T h e term s of re fe re n c e of this
C o m m ittee w ere :
i) S im p lific a tio n , R efo rm and S ta n d a rd isa tio n o f th e B en g a li
L angu age.
ii) F o rm u la tio n of P rin cip les o f co in in g n ew w ord s a n d p h ra se s
(in clu d in g tech nical scien tific term s),
i i i ) A ny o th er recom m endations.
T h ere reco m m en d atio n s w ere m ade under the follow ing h ea d s :

i) On B en g ali L anguage
ii) On B en g ali G ram m ar
i i i ) O n B en g a li A lp h abet, Sp ellin g Sy stem and Script,
i v ) On m eth o d s o f coining words.
v) On m e th o d s for T ra n slitera tio n o f foreig n w o rd s, item s of
co v erin g , on the w hole, the term s o f reference.
2. The p r e s e n t C o m m ittee set 14.3.59 and 4.4 .5 9 , d isc u sse d th e

re c o m m e n d a tio n o f the E ast B en g al L an g u ag e C o m m itte e a n d
arrived a t the follow in g con clu sions :
I. O n B en g ali L angu age :
The reco m m en d atio n s on the Bengali Language rest o n a cla im
" th a t the p re se n t B en g ali L an gu age, as h as been re fo rm e d by th e
C o m m itte e , b e called 'Sahaj B an gla’.
W e d o n o t ag ree w ith the view that the lan g u ag e o f a p eop le
ca n be ch a n g e d or reform ed by any com m ittee. L ooking h o w ev er, at
th e s u b se c tio n s it ap p ears that the scrip ts, c h a ra cte ristic sty le of
a u th o rs (e. g. h ig h -flo w n an d hu m d ru m ) and such o th er p o in ts are
ra lly w hat th ey m eant by the term 'L anguage'.
E ven th e n w e d o n ot think it d esirab le to have a d u a l form o f
re p rese n ta tio n , o n e for child ren o r new literates and a n o th er for th e
le a rn e d ( a s s u g g e s te d b y w ritin g s o f so m e m e m b e rs o f th e
C o m m ittee ). T h e su g g e ste d fo rm o f sp e llin g an d sc rip ts is so
fu n d am en tally d ifferen t from the cu sto m ary m o d e o f w ritin g as to
appear alm ost foreign. O f course, som e o f these recom m en d ation s are
m ade from consid erations o f econ om y o f letters and facility for type
w riting. But co n sid eratio n s o f econom y o f sp ace and legib ility have
b een largely ignored.
W e co n sid er th at m o d ificatio n s or even im p ro v em en ts sh ou ld
b e su ch as n ot to rad ically a fter the ch aracter infu sed in the scrip t
or the language o f the peop le by habits and p ractices o f centuries.
T h e re is n o c o n te n tio n a b o u t the e lim in a tio n o f ele m e n ts
in co m p a tib le w ith the g e n iu s and cu ltu re o f E a st P a k ista n , or
introduction o f new elem en ts from advanced languages o f the w orld,
or in trod u ction o f m ore and m ore elem en ts elem en ts from ou r ow n
cu ltu re an d trad itio n s. B ut th ese p o in ts ca n n o t b e forced by a
C om m ittee; or achieved by lab ou red efforts o f p etty w riters. These
can only b e realised by the tou ch o f g en iu s w h ose path m ay be
sm oothed so m ew h at by the u nexp ressed w ill or urge o f the people
th e m selv es.
II. O n the point o f Bengali G ram m ar :

W e a re in s u b s ta n tia l a g re e m e n t w ith th e C o m m itte e 's
reco m m en d atio n s, w ith only m ino r alteratio n s w h ich m ay as w ell
n o t be recorded here.
III. O n Bengali alp habet, sp elling system and scrip ts :

W e are in a g re e m e n t w ith the C o m m itte e 's su g g e s tio n of
dropping the vow els ^ S id ^ a> and the consonants *1, ’S*, I? on
the ground th at they h av e eith e r co m p letely gone ou t o f u se or are
rarely used o r that their function can be m anaged con v en iently by'
the rem aining letters. W e do not, how ever, ad vocate the om ission of
the vow el signs (i. e. ^T? form s) t and f t as they o ccu r so frequently in
the B en g ali sp ellin g sy stem th at their su b stitu tio n s w ill in tro d u ce
too m uch of artificiality. T he sou nd associated w ith 3 occurs in such
w ords as 5p?=f, srsf,
W e are in fav ou r o f retain in g these 'Kars' an d 'F a las', on the
sam e ground as.above.
In ou r o p in io n , the co n so n an ts and ^ sh o u ld b e retained as
p h o n e tic re p rese n ta tio n s o f z (. ) an d s ( ), n o t m e rely for
tra n slitera tio n s, b u t also for ord inary use, a s there are m a n y B engali
w ord s w h ich are pronounced in East Bengal a s z or s.
W e are n o t q u ite san g u in e abou t the need o f in tro d u cin g new
sy m b o ls for rep resen ting the sounds and A fter all, n o language
can re p r e s e n t all sh ad es of so u n d s w ith only a fin ite n u m b e r of
a lp h a b etic sy m b o ls. W e en d o rse the C o m m ittee’s v iew as regard s
the re ten tio n o f . But “ m ay be om itted its function bein g serv ed as at
p re sen t (la rg ely by $ w hich m ay be retained .
A lth o u g h , lo g ica lly sp eak in g , th e K a r-s sh o u ld fo llo w (not
p re ce d e ) th e co n so n a n ts to w hich they a re a tta c h e d , w e w o u ld
p re fe r to re ta in the establish ed cu stom as regard s the p la c in g o f 3 -
IV. O n m eth o d s for coin ing new w ords and Tech n ical te rm s, etc. from
foreign w o r d s :
W e are in ag reem en t w ith the C om m ittee's re co m m e n d a tio n of
re ta in in g th e a lrea d y fa m ilia r foreig n w o rd — A ra b ic , E n g lish ,
P ersia n etc,, and the w ell-estab lish ed in tern atio n a l te ch n ica l term s
a lth o u g h th e s e m ay so m e tim e s be slig h tly ch an ged in h arm o n y
w ith th e g e n e ra l ton e o f the B en g ali lan g u ag e, e. g. *FFWT<JT fo r
ca n is te r, for g o d o w n , WSRI f o r , fo r , f% for
d io x id e .
T h e P ro v in c ia l G o v ern m e n t h as alread y form ed a P a r ib h a s a
C o m m ittee w h ich h as alm ost com p leted its w ork m ore o f less o n the
lines sta ted ab o v e.
V. O n m e th o d s o f Transliteration o f Foreign w ords :

W e are in g e n e ra l a g re e m e n t w ith the s c h e m e of sim p le
tra n scrip tio n s fo r gen eral use and scien tific tra n scrip tio n s as se t out
by the C o m m itte e w ith the follow ing p oints of d iffe re n c e : ..........and
(s) sh o u ld be rep resen ted by 3 a n d ’ t resp ectiv ely , ra th er than
by ^ an d ^ a s s u g g e s te d ; (z ), and may be re p re se n te d by
^ ^ a n x ^ ra th er than by ® and ® as suggested.
In c o n c lu sio n , w e o bserv e that in all lan g u ag es th ere are certain
letters w hich ap p e ar to be redundant, and a n u m b er of s o u n d s w h ich
are n o t re p rese n te d in the alphabet. Bengali scrip t is n o e x c e p tio n to
this. In re cen t y ears a g reat d eal of fuss has b een m ad e a b o u t 'reform '
o f B e n g a li S c rip t, alth o u g h th ere are o th er lan g u ag es w h ic h a re in
g re a te r need o f reform s. A s a m atter o f fact, the B en g a li alp h a b et is
«PTT
m o re p h o n etic and scien tific th an th at m o st lan g u ag es, in clu d in g

E n g lish . E x p erien ce sh o w s th at in sp ite o f in ad eq u acies, a m b ig u i
ties, and redu nd ance of vow el and con sonants, no ad vanced n ation is
th in k in g of even reform in g th eir scrip ts, far less o f g iv in g up th eir
scrip ts in favou r o f a foreig n scrip ts. W e feel that this sh o u ld b e a
p o in ter to us o f the w isdom o f the ad ge 'lo ok b efo re you leap'. O u r
presen t enthu siasm for reform s persist, w e are apt to ch an g e beyond
recognition n ot only ou r ow n scrip t, bu t also any others that w e m ay
asp ire to (or hap p en to) adopt.
Sd/Q . M . H ussain
C h a irm a n
13.8.59
D -R eg ister, D h aka U n iv ersity , D haka u n iv esity R ecord R oom , N o .

7 3 2 ,1 9 6 0 .
‘tfern’ TS TR'sfTt :
u w rsi« ’ ifa 's w uran ■smsre
N o tific a tio n
M edium of Instruction in Interm ed iate C lasses
It is h ereb y n o tified that w ith effect from the sessio n 1958-59, the
m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n u pto the In term ed iate classes, cla sses, sh all
b e B en gali or English.
P en d in g th e a d o p tio n o f a P a r ib h a s a (T e c h n ica l te rm s and
term inology in Bengali), English term s and term inology m ay b e used
w h en u sing B en g ali as a m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n and in an sw erin g
qu estio n s in exam ination s in Bengali.
U n iv ersity B u ild in gs S d / Ille g ib le

R am n a, D acca R e g is tra r
T h e 25th Ju ly , 1958.
C op y forw arded for inform ation, publicity an d necessary action to :

1. T h e P rin cip a ls o f all C o lle g e s a ffilia te d to the U n iv ersity of
D acca.
2. T he P ro vosts o f H alls.
'si*)! ii f i = i 9 r a
3. T h e D e a n s o f the F acu lties of A rts a n d Science

4. T h e H e a d s o f a ll D ep artm en ts in the F a c u ltie s of A rts an d
S c ie n c e
5. T h e C o n tro lle r o f Exam ination
3651 18 15th A u g u st, 1959.
To
1. T h e V ice-C h a n cello r, D acca U n iv ersity , D acca.
2. T h e S e c re ta ry to th e G o v ern m en t o f East P a k is ta n , E d u cation
D e p a rtm e n t, Eden Buildings, D acca 2.
3. T h e D ire cto r of P ublic Instru ction , E a s t Pakistan, D a cca.
4. T h e P re s id e n t, E ast P a k is ta n S e c o n d a ry E d u c a tio n B o ard ,
D acca.
D ea r S ir,
I b e g to in fo rm y o u (SI. N o. 1) th at the F a cu lty o f A rts at its
m e e tin g h e ld on th e 22n d O cto b e r, 1957 m a d e th e fo llo w in g
r e c o m m e n d a tio n s on the te a ch in g o f M o th e r to n g u e (U rd u or
B en g a li) in S ch oo ls :
"R e c o m m e n d e d : T hat the A ca d em ic C ouncil b e requ ested to
a p p ro a c h th e G o v ern m e n t to ask all th e English m e d iu m H igh
E n g lish S c h o o ls, n o t d irectly u nd er the au th o rity of th e S eco n d ary
E d u ca tio n Board to m ak e the teaching o f m o th e r to n g u e (B en gali or
U rd u as th e case m ay be) co m p u lsory fo r all th e stu d e n ts from the
b e g in n in g rig h t up to M atricu latio n or Ju n io r o r S e n io r C am b rid g e
E x a m in a tio n .
F u rth e r reco m m en d ed : T h at n o n P a k ista n i stu d e n ts w ill also
h av e to o ffe r eith e r B en gali or U rd u at a ll stages in t h e Sch o o l o f a
very m u c h lo w er stand ard ."
T h e m a tte r w as p laced b efo re the A c a d e m ic C o u n c il and the
C o u n cil a t its m eetin g held on 13th D ecem ber, 1957 re q u e ste d the
V ice C h a n c e llo r to d iscu ss the m atter w ith the D ire cto r o f P ublic
In stru c tio n . E ast P ak istan , the P resid en t, East P a k is ta n Seco n d a ry
E d u ca tio n B oard and oth ers. As th e m a tte r has been lo n g d elayed ,
th e V ic e -C h a n c e llo r d e sire s th at th is sh o u ld be d is c u s s e d a t a
m e e tin g o f th e V ice C h a n c e llo r, the E d u c a tio n S e c r e ta r y , th e
D ire cto r o f P u b lic In stru ctio n , East P a k ista n and the P re s id e n t, E ast
P a k istan S e co n d a ry E d u ca tio n B oard and th e d ecisio n b e p laced
b efo re the A cad em ic C ou ncil.
A cco rd in g ly I am to say that a m eetin g o f the ab ov e C om m ittee
w ill b e held on W ed n esd ay , the 19th A u gu st, 1959 a t 9 .15 A. M . in
the V ice-C h an cello r's h o u se to discu ss the above m atter.
T h e V ice C h a n c e llo r w ill b e g lad if y o u k in d ly m a k e it
co n v en ient to atten d the m eeting.
S d / Ille g ib le
R e g is tra r
D -R eg ister, D h aka U n iv ersity R ecord R oom , B u n d le N o . 198, F ile

No. 512, 1960.
^rarrsr®
In tro d u ctio n o f B en g ali as the M ed ium o f In stru ctio n u pto the I. A.

an d I. Sc. stan d ard w ithin tw o years and u p to B. A., B. Sc. P ass, in
a n o th er three y ears.
M r. A bd ur R ahm an's V iew s :

It is alm o st truism to say that all teach ing an d learn in g should
b e d o n e in th e m o th er-to n g u e o f the stu d en ts. T h is is fact is b ein g
d o n e in all free co u n trie s. T h e E d u catio n C o m m issio n a lso h as
reco m m en d ed the use o f m o th er-to n g u e in the sch o o ls an d co llege
th o u gh no tim e lim it h as b ee n m en tio n ed . It h a s b ee n le ft to the
au th o rities co n cern ed to im p lem en t the recom m end ations' accord in g
to the c irc u m sta n ce s. F ro m m an y y ea rs p a st, B en g a li h a s b een
a ccep ted as th e m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n s u p to th e M a tricu la tio n
sta n d ard . O f la te th ere h as b een in siste n t d em an d and from the
p io n eers e d u catio n in the p ro v in ce, to estab lish a B en gali C ollege,
to d evelo p ed g rad u ally into a B engali U n ivesity . I, m y self h av e n ot
b e e n a b le to re a lis e th e lo g ic o f th is d em a n d as a p ra c tic a l
p roposition. T h e real intention of the prom oters o f the sch em e seem s
to be to run a C o lle g e w h ere the m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n w ill b e
B e n g a li.
But w hy h av e it only in on e C ollege? If text b o o ks in B en g ali are
av ailab le from on e C ollege, w hy n ot print m o re b o o k s and p rescribe
th em for all colleges. T his m o vem en t seem s to h av e b een b o rn ou t of
the co u n sel o f d esp air and h en ce o f con fu sed th in kin g. N o inw ard
sen se o f fru stratio n need th ro ttle an d ch o k e o u r real feelin g s now
th a t w e are th e m a k e r o f o u r d e stin y . W e fe e l h o n e s tly and
sin cerely that it is high tim e w e take up this lon g n eg lected qu estion
o f m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n an d ad v ise the G o v ern m e n t to accep t a
p h a se d p ro g ra m m e fo r th e in tro d u c tio n o f B en g a li (o r m o th er
to n g u e) as m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n u p to the B. A ., an d B. Sc. Pass
stan d ard . In m y h u m b le o p in io n . It is feasib le to in tro d u ce it from
1963, in In term ed iate A rts an d Scien ce C olleges. T w o y ears w ill be
su fficien t for p rep arin g text b o o k s in Bengali, b ecau se so m e su bjects
ev en now are tau g h t in B en gali. W e have co m p eten t ag en cy w hich
can b e easily com m ission ed to d eliv er the good s. I m ean, the B engali
A cad em y . It is the d uty o f th is in stitu tio n to m eet the lin g u istic
requirem en ts o f the P rovince and it has been d oin g a m eritorio u s job,
in fin d ing B en g ali eq u iv alen ts o f tech n ical and scien tific term s. The
jo b aw aits final to u ch es and it w ould be m u ch easier if the fam iliar
foreig n w ord s are n o t rep laced by u n co u th an d co n co cted B en gali
eq u iv alen ts, based on S an sk rit d eriv ativ es. T h e tim e and en erg y of
the top ranking ed u catio n al P an dits w ould b e m u ch b etter utilised in
co n trib u tin g to th is hap p y co n su m m a tio n s than by a sk in g for the
con tribu tions for openin g a B en g ali C ollege.
It is, th erefo re, reco m m en d ed that B engali be in trod uced as the
m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n in all in stitu tio n s teachin g upto the presen t I.
A. and I. Sc. stan d ard , w ith in tw o y ears now an d B. A ., and B. Sc.
P a ss, class by cla ss, y ea r a fte r y ear, so th at w ith in a n o th er three
y ears, w e sh all be h av in g o u r D eg ree E x am in atio n s in the m oth er-
tongue.
It is, fu rth e r re co m m e n d e d th a t th e B e n g a li A c a d e m y b e
com m ission ed to p rod u ce su itab le text b o o ks in co n so n an ce w ith the
ab ov e policy an d ad eq u ate fu n d s be m ade available to the A cad em y
to pay the au th ors and tran slators o f text and o th er n ecessary books.
Sd/A bdur Rahm an
30 .1 0 .5 9 .
F acu lty o f Scien ce R am na, D acca
U n iv ersity o f D acca D ated , D acca, the 31st O ctob er, 1961.
«r*r 'Siit-wwa wfima
N o. 329
To
T h e R eg istrar
Su b ject : In tro d u ctio n o f B en g ali as the M ed iu m o f In stru ctio n

u p to the I. A. and L. Sc. stand ard w ithin tw o years and u pto B. A .,
an d B. Sc. Pass, in another three years.
D ea r Sir,
W ith re fe ren ce to y o u r M em o N o. 9 2 8 2 -8 3 d ated 3 0 th / 3 1 st
O ctob er, 1961, on the above su b ject, I am in en tire a g ree m en t w ith
the view s exp ressed by M r. A bd u r R ahm an even to the exten t o f h is
re m ark on th e p ro p o sed ’so c a lle d ’ B en g ali C o lle g e , the B en g a li
A cad em y w ith the co -o p eratio n o f su itab le ex p e rts w ith lin g u istic
talen t can certain ly prod uce text b o o ks w ithin 2 years for the I. A./I.
Sc. classes in Bengali, and in the cou rse o f three m ore years for the B.
A ./ B . S c . c la s s e s . A s a m a tte r o f fa c t, a lr e a d y o n th e
reco m m en d atio n o f the E d u cation C o m m ission an d the cu rricu lu m
and Syllabu s C om m ittees, a n u m b er o f qu ite read ab le b o o ks at the
L.A ./L ./L c. level have been prepared on such su bjects as E conom ics,
S o cia l Scien ces, G eo lo g y , E le m en ts o f P h y sics, C h e m istry , B otany
an d Z o o lo g y . T h e sam e can ce rta in ly b e ex ten d ed . T h e B en g a li
A ca d em y is at th e p o in t o f p u b lish in g a b o o k on the h isto ry o f
M ath em atics in B engali. W hen this is p u b lish ed , I th in k it w ill be
a co n v in cin g p ro o f o f the p o te n tialities o f the B engali L an gu age in
p ro d u c in g te x t b o o k s on all su b je cts o f S c ie n c e an d A rts. T h e
P a r ib a h a s a p ro d u ced by th e B e n g a li A cad em y is f a ir ly
co m p reh en siv e and q u ite a g ood g u id e for the p ro d u cers o f T ext
B ooks.
O n e o th er p o in t n eed s co n sid eratio n . T h ere are som e stu d en ts
fro m W est P a k ista n an d fro m S E A T O co u n tries. T h ese m ay be
tackled in on a sp ecial In stitu tio n in W est P ak istan in East P akistan
an d an o th er In stitu tio n in W est P ak istan w ith in stru ctio n th rou g h
the English m edium . H ow ever, so far as the W est P akistan is in East
P ak istan and E ast P akistan is in W est P akistan are co n cern ed , there
is n o reason w hy the stu d en ts from one w in g should n o t p ick up
en o u g h k n o w led g e o f the n a tio n a l (S tate) lan g u a g e o f the o th er
w in g , for \vriting answ ers in eith er B engali o r in U rdu, ev en if their
m oth er-to n gu e m ay be Urdu or B engali respectively.
I w h o le h eated ly en d o rse the p ro p o sal and pu t fo rth fu rth er
view s on the su bject it and w hen necessary.
Sd/Q . M . H ossain
D ean o f the Faculty o f Scien ce
U niv ersity o f D acca.
N o. 604/61-62
O ffice o f the D ean o f the Facu lty o f A rts
U n iv ersity o f D acca,
P. O. R am na, D acca.
R am na, D acca, the 4th N ov em ber, 1961.
To
T h e R eg istrar,
S u b ject : In tro d u ctio n o f B engali as the M ed ium o f In stru ctio n upto

the I. A. and I. Sc. stand ard w ithin tw o years and u pto B.
A. and B. Sc. Pass, in an o th er three years.
D ea r Sir,
K in d ly refer to you r M em o N o. 9282-83 dated 30th O ctober, 1961 and
su b sequ en t L etter No. 9447 dated the 2nd N ovem ber, 1961.
C h a n g e o f the m ed iu m o f in stru ctio n in v o lv es n o t m erely
prep aratio n o f text b o o ks and referen ce books o f su fficien t stand ard
in a ll th e d is c ip lin e s , b u t a ls o p ro v is io n o f te a ch in g , s ta ff
su fficien tly fam iliar w ith the new m edium . In our cou n try, ch an g e-
o v er to B en g ali alo n e w ill n ot d o. U rdu h as also to b e sim ila rly
provided. In fact U rdu has got a rich er stock o f such text books. This
w ou ld m ean keep in g tw o sets o f teach ers in the C olleg es o n e for
B engali and one for Urdu. T his w ould create a financial problem .
O n e m ay g et the B en g ali A cad em y to p rep are tran slatio n s or
ad ap tatio n s or ex istin g E nglish text boo ks; b u t w hat about the new
p u b licatio n s, referen ce b o o ks etc. w ith w hich the teachers and also
stu d en ts particu larly of the H onou rs level, should be in touch?
A t p re sen t stu d e n ts are p e rm itte d to w rite th eir a n sw ers in
B en g ali upto I. A. E xam ination in certain su bjects. This p ractice m ay
b e extend ed upto the B. A. E xam in atio n , bu t I d o not think ch an g e in
th e m e d iu m o f in stru c tio n in the B. A ., B. Sc. le v e l w ill b e
acad em ically feasib le until su ch tim e as o rig in al w o rks in d ifferen t
su bject o f stud y are prod uced in Bengali. It is likely that su ch w orks
w ill ap p ear so o n er in certain A rts su bjects than in Scien ce su bjects.
Instruction in B engali m edium w ill then be acad em ically ju stified in
those subjects.
T h e refo re w w h o le -sa le su d d e n ch a n g e -o v e r in all su b je cts
can n ot be right at this stage. This can only be d o n e g rad ually and by
p h a se s.
Sd / A . B. M . H abibu llah
D ean o f the F acu lty o f A rts,
D -R eg ister, D haka U n iv ersity R ecord R oo m , B u n d le N o. 20 3 , File
No. 3 2 8 ,1 9 6 2 .
^65 vpftu f» W S ?TWR
In ter-U n iv ersity B oard o f P akistan

S e c re ta ry
K hw aja M an zoor H osain 42 W . P. E. C. H. Society 6
M . A. (A lig.), B. A. (O xon.) K a ra ch i 29
N o. IU B-1/21/64 21 Jan uary, 1964.
S u b je c t: M ed ium s o f instru ction at the h ig h er level.

R ep rod u ced below for necessary action by the U n iv ersities is a
cop y o f R ev o lu tio n N o. 2, p assed by th e In ter U n iv ersity B oard of
P akistan at R ajsh ah i on 29 D ecem ber, 1963.
R esolution 2 :
"W hite view ing the p rojects draw n up by the C en tral Boards for
th e d ev elo p m en t o f the tw o n atio n al lan g u ag es w ith sa tisfa ctio n ,
resolved to ad vise the G o v ern m en t to d irect the Board s to intensity
th eir activ ities in co llab o ratio n w ith the U n iv ersities so as to m ake
it p o ssib le for th e ch an g e o v er to B en g ali an d U rd u m ed iu m s of
tea ch in g and e x a m in a tio n at th e h ig h er le v e ls to b e co m p leted
w ithin the tim e sched u le p ro p o sed by the C om m ission on N ation al
E ducation.
'5 T C I T p iq ’ r a
R e so lv e d fu rth e r to a d v ise th e U n iv e rsitie s to g iv e ev ery

assista n ce to the tw o Boards to achieve the o bjectiv e properly.
R eg istrars o f A ll P ak istan i U n iv ersities Sd /K . M an zoor H osain
S e c re ta ry
M em o. No. 30617 43 D ated , D acca 2, 7th M arch , 1964.
C op y forw arded for inform ation and necessary action to:
1. T h e D ean s o f the F a cu lties o f A rts/ S c ie n c e an d L aw , D acca
U n iv e rsity
2. A ll H ead s o f the D ep artm en ts in the F acu lties o f A rts/ Scien ce
and Law , D acca U n iversity.
S d / Ille g ib le
R e g is tra r
D acca U n iv ersity .
D -R eg iste r, D h aka U n iv ersity R eco rd R oom , B u n d le N o. 331, File
N o. 721, 1965.
-strips? <it?cn sm ra ^
E x tract from the M in u te o f the Sy n d ica te held

on the 18th Febru ary, 1971.
In tro d u ctio n of B engali for A d m inistrativ e W ork
11. R esolved : T h a t the a d m in istrativ e w o rk o f the U n iv ersity be
con d u cted th rou g h the m ed iu m of Bengali w ith effect from the 21st
F eb ru ary, 1971 as far as p racticable.
F u rth er R esolved : T h at a C om m ittee co n sistin g o f the follow ing be
ap p o in ted to su g g est a p h ased p ro g ram m e for ach iev em en t of the
ob jective co m p letely w ith u tm o st exped ition :
i. Dr. M d. Q u ad rat-i-K h u d a C h a irm a n
ii. M r. A. F. M . A bd u l H aq Member
iii . Dr. M om tazu dd in A hm ed M em ber
iv . Dr. M d. E nam ul H aq M em ber
v. Professor A. N. M . M u nir C how dhury Member
Sd / N . A hm ed
A cting R eg istrar
D -R eg iste r, D h ak a U n iv ersity R eco rd R oo m , B u n d le N o. 41, F ile
N o. 337.
7R*m : -is ia
f&^t *rt^<t q svw i t jw f t f w f s r a ^ t ^ j h r ^ rf&
R eg istrar (D haka U n iv ersity ) w ro te a n o te to D ep u ty R eg istra r on
9 .3 .1972
D r. Q u d rat-i-K hu d a rang up this m o rn in g to say th at h e is still
re ce iv in g le tte rs from th is o ffice for h is serv in g in th e v a rio u s
co m m ittees in w hich h e w as p rev io u sly appoin ted . R ecen tly he h as
received a letter in p rep arin g a p ro g ram m e o f p h asin g for ch an g e
in to B engali.
Dr. K h u da say s that h e h as n o lo cu s stu n d i in th is U n iv ersity
a fter h is m em bersh ip from Sy n d icate w as term in ated by the o rd er
o f T ik k a K han. H e say s u n less th at o rd er is w ith d ra w n and h is
m em bersh ip o f the Sy n d icate co n tin u e, he w ill h av e n o locu s stu n d i
and as such he w ill be unable to serve to serve in any com m ittee.
U n iv e rsity o f D h aka, D -R e g is te r , D haka U n iv ersity R ecord R oom ,

1972, Bundle No. 54, File No. 116.
TR^tTt: ^
'»T91 'SsflH
N ew C om ittee 31-10-1972
Dr. E. H uq
D ep artm en t o f Bengali
Dr. M rs. N ilim a Ibrahim
H ead o f the D ep rtm ent o f B engali
D r. A. S h arif
D ep artm en t o f B engali
M r. Sard ar Fazlu l K arim
D ep artm en t o f P olitical Scien ce
M r. A. Z. Sikd ar to act as Secretary
U n iv ersity o f D h aka, D -R eg ister, D haka U n iv ersity R ecord R oom ,

1972, Bundle No. 853.
: isv
^ t - « f f h T *rtrp^? ^tfshra
To
T h e R eg ister
H igh C ou rt
S ir ,
I beg to b rin g to y ou r n o tice for the in form ation o f the H on 'ble
th e C h ie f Ju stic e th at m y so n M v. S afiu r R ah m a n , A ssista n t in
ch a rg e o f F orm s and S tation ary Sectio n , H igh C ou rt, resid in g at 6,
R ag h u n ath D as L an e, w ith in S u tra p u r P. S. w h ile w alk in g alo n g
N a w a b p u r R oad on h is w ay to atten d to h is d u ty in h is o ffice on
2 2 .2 .5 2 at a b o u t 10.45 A. M . receiv ed a b u lle t w ou n d an d w as
rem ov ed and ad m itted in the M ed ical C ollege H ospital. H e exp ired
in the said hosp ital at about 6.30 P. M . on the sam e day.
H e had in h is p o sse ssio n h is ow n cy cle, tiffin box co n ta in in g
tiffin and som e papers and sundries.
H e has left b eh in d h is aged p aren ts, h is w idow aged a b o u t 19
y ears in an ad vanced stage o f p regnan cy and a d aughter o f abou t 4
y e a rs.
I rem ain sir
M ah b u b -u r-R ah m an
2 3 -2 -1 9 5 2
D ated 23 F ebru ary, 1952
6 R agh u nath D as Lane
F rom S. H. Q u rashi Esqr., C. S. P.
D istrict M a g istra te, D acca.
To
T h e Secretary to the H o n ’b le the C h ief Ju stice, D acca
M em o N o. 790-C , d ated the 5t/ 7th M ay, 1952.
K ind ly refer to y o u r N o. 6 7-S C J/ 52 d ated the 30th A p ril, 1952.
T h e facts of the ca se are as fo llo w s :
Som etim es betw een 10.30 and 10.45 h ou rs on 22.2.52 w hile the D.
I. G . o f P olice, D acca R an ge w as p ro ceed in g s to the C o lle ct o rate
w ith a co n tin g en t o f the E .F .R . he w as su rro u n d ed by a m ob. O ne
p erso n tried to drag h im aw ay and a few oth ers attem p ted to sn ath
aw ay th e w eap o n s from the sep oy s. T h e m ob b eca m e v iolen t and
started th row in g b rick -b ats. F irin g w as ord ered a fter d u e w arn in g
and as resu lt 6 person s w ere injured on o f w hom Sh afiq u r R ahm an,
later su ccu m b ed to th e inju ry in the M ed ical C o lle g e H o sp ital. It
w as found that he w as w alking w ith a cy cle and w as in the m ob. It
co u ld n o t be a scerta in ed th at h e to o k an ag g re ssiv e p a rt in th e
riotin g. H e w as sh o t on the back belo w the righ t scap u la. T h e fact
that he had a cy cle w ith him , perh ap s, p rev en ted him from taking
co v e r q u ick ly . H e w as b u rie d acco rd in g to the re lig io u s rites. In
con n ection w ith this case the C om m issioner, D acca D ivision held an
enquiry and subm itted his report to G overnm ent.
S. H. Q u rash i Esqr., C. S. P.
D istrict M a g istra te, D acca.
A J/25.7
From V. H ossain E sqr., B. L.

R eg istrar o f the H igh C ou rt o f Ju d icatu re at D acca in East Bengal.
To
Th e Secretary to the G overnm en t o f E ast Bengal
H om e D epartm ent
D ated , D acca, the 26th Ju ly , 1952.
S u b je ct : D eath o f M o u lv i S h a fiu r R ah m an , an A ssista n t o f the

C ou rt on the 22nd February, 1952.
S ir,
In fo rw ard in g h erew ith a co p y o f L ette r No. 790-C , dated the
5 t/ 7 th M ay , 1952, fro m the D istric t M a g istra te , D acca to g eth er
w ith a copy o f a rep resentation dated the 21st M arch , 1952, from the
w id ow o f late M o u lv i S h afiu r R ah m an an d a le tter d ated the 23
Febru ary, 1952 from his father, on the ab o v e su bject, 1 am d irected to
say th at in v iew o f the c irc u m sta n c e s re p o rte d by th e D istrict
M a g istrate th a t M o u lv i S h a fiu r R ah m an su sta in e d a fa ta l injury
an d later m et w ith his d eath in the hosp ital, the C ou rt recom m en d s
th a t G o v e r n m e n t m ay b e p le a s e d to c o n s id e r h is case
sy m p a th e tica lly an d fav o u rab ly .
I m ay m entio n in this co n n ectio n that the d eceased 's w idow has
given birth to a posthum ous son.
Y o u r .O bedient Servant
Sd . Ille g ib le
R e g istra r
To
T h e H o n 'ble th e C h ief Ju stice o f the H ig h C o u rt o f Ju d ic a tu re at
D acca in E ast B engal. ~
The H u m ble m em orial o f M u sam m at A quila K hatoon , w idow o f late

M ou lv i S afiu r R ahm an, A ssistan t in ch arge o f Form s and Station ary
S e ctio n o f th e D acca H igh C o u rt, a re sid en t o f N o. 6, R ag h u n ath
D as Lane, D acca n ear the P ro v in cial M u slim L eagu e O ffice in front
o f the M ag istrate C ou rt.
M ost resp ectfu lly sh ew eth ,

1. T h at th e h u m b le m e m o r ia lis t's h u s b a n d M o u lv i S a fiu r
Rahm an aged ab o u t 34 years w as serving u nd er y ou r Lordship, as an
A ssista n t in c h a rg e o f F orm s an d S ta tio n a ry S ectio n , an d so far
k now n to her, he all along d isch arg ed his as a m o st loyal serv an t,
an d w ith the d ilig e n c e to th e en tire sa tisfa ctio n o f h is su p erio rs.
P rio r to his a p p o in tm e n t in th e H igh C o u rt h e h ad co n tin u o u s
service for abou t six years in o th er d epartm ents o f G overnm ent.
2. T h a t a s m isfo rtu n e w o u ld h a v e it, on F rid ay th e 22n d
F eb ru ary , 1952 h e started for o ffice at the u su al h o u r b u t d u e to
serio u s d istu rb an ces in the city on that d ate tw ice h is attem p ts to
attend o ffice w ere u n su ccessfu l. O n the third occasion , alth ough he
w as re q u e ste d b y m e to sta y at h o m e on a cc o u n t o f the said
d istu rb ances, w ith ou t p aying any heed to m y requ est, h e started for
his u sual o ffice d u ty w ith his B icy cle and a can v as bag co n tain in g
his tiffin box (w h ich co n tain e d h is tiffin for the d ay as u su al), his
g o g g les and o th e r certain m iscellan e o u s p erso n al b elo n g in g s, and
thus w hile p ro ceed in g s on the N aw ab p u r R oad n ear R athkhola he
-S R I '4|K'*r|cR^g i f ^ r a
received a bu llet sh o t on his b ack and w as im m ed iately taken by an

am bu lan ce bu s to g eth er w ith his cy cle and the can v as b ag etc. to the
M ed ical C olleg e H o sp ital. H is ab o v e noted b elo n g in g s a re still in
the M ed ical C o lleg e H o sp ital.
3. T h e he su ccu m b e d to h is inju ry th erea fter, in the M ed ical
C olleg e H ospital on the sam e day (22.2.52) som etim e in the evening.
4. T h at the in fo rm atio n regard in g his d eath an d th e .cause and
circu m stan ces th ereo f w as given to you r Lordship in sh o rt, th rou gh
the R eg istrar, H igh C o u rt, by a letter sen t on 2 5 .2 .5 2 by M o u lv i
M ah b u b u r R ahm an, fath er o f the m em orialist's d ecea sed h u sb an d
M o u lv i Safiu r R ahm an.
5. T h at the D istrict M ag istrate, D acca and the S u p erin te n d en t
o f P olice, D acca, w ere ap p ro ach ed by the M em o ria list's p eop le on
2 3 .2 .5 2 and they to o k a very sy m p ath etic a ttitu d e, an d m ad e all
p o ssib le a rra n g em e n ts fo r the d isp o sa l o f the b o d y o f h e r late
husband, and inspite o f the cu rfew they w ere good en ou gh to arran ge
for G o v ern m en t T ru ck to take h e r p eop le to the M ed ica l C o lle g e
H o sp ital and from th ere to the A zim p u ra B u rial g ro u n d , and at
abou t 3 A. M. (night b etw een 23rd and 24th Febru ary, 1952) h er late
h u s b a n d ’s dead b o d y w as g iv en q u ite an h o n o u ra b le b u ria l a fter
b a th and Jan aza p ray er acco rd in g to the Islam ic Sh a ria t, (arran ged
b y the au th o rities) w h ich the S. P. and o th er P o lice o fficers also
jo in e d and for w h ich th e h u m b le m e m o rialist sh a ll e v e r rem ain
g ratefu l to the D istrict M agistrate and the Su p erin ten d en t o f Police,
D acca and to the G overnm en t.
6 . T h at the d eceased has left b eh in d y ou r h u m b le m em o rialist,
w h o is aged ab o u t n in eteen (19) and is in fam ily w ay (ad v an ced
sta g e), a d au g h ter ag ed ab o u t fo u r y ears and h is m o th e r-in -la w
b esid es his old parents, and b ro th ers w ho are still stud ents.
7. T hat y o u r h u m b le m e m o ria list lo st h er fa th e r d u rin g h er
ch ild hood and is the only issue o h er w idow ed m oth er w ho b ro u gh t
h er up w ith a great d ifficu lty u nd ergoin g all sorts o f h ard sh ip s, and
got h er m arried to the sad e late M ou lvi Safiu r R ah m an , on w ho (?)
sh e w as solely depen dent.
8 . T hat y ou r h u m b le m e m o ria list b esid es g ettin g the g rea test
s h o ck o f her life, has b een left in an abso lu te h elp less co n d itio n as
th ere is p ractically n o n e w ho can g ive h er any fin an cial help.
9. T hat M oulvi M ah b u b u r R ah m an , the fath er o f y o u r h u m ble
m em o rialist's late h u sb an d is o n ly an U p p er D ivisio n A ssista n t of
'5T3T
th e O ffic e o f th e A cco u n ta n t-G e n e ra l, E a st B en g al, P & T , A u d it

B ran ch , D acca an d is an old m an b ein g on th e verge o f retirem en t
a fter servin g the D ep artm en t for abou t 34 y ears. H e h as to m aintain
a very bid fam ily, as cu stom ary co n sistin g o f 14 m em bers exclu d in g
th e m e m o ria list, h er d au g h ter and h er m o th e r an d w as to so m e
exten t d epen d en t on his late son.
10. T h at besid es the house ren t o f the requisition ed h o u se ren t o f
the re q u isitio n ed h ouse p ay ab le to G o v ern m en t a fu rth er su m of
abou t Rs. 1700/ as far as know n to h er upto d ate is p ay ab le to other
p erso n s as d eb t, left by the d ecea se d h u sb an d o f y o u r h u m b le
m e m o ria list. M o reo v er, h is life w as n o t in su re d , n o r w as he a
su b scriber to any Service Fund n o r has he left any bank balance.
In th e a fo r e s a id c ir c u m s ta n c e s , y o u r lo rd s h ip 's h u m b le
m e m o ria list m o st re sp e c tfu lly p ra y s th at y o u r lo rd sh ip m a y b e
p lea sed to co n sid er h er h elp lessn ess and th e g rea test im a g in a b le
loss su stained by h er and be graciou sly pleased to recom m end to the
p ro p er au thorities or to d ecid e w h atever cou rse lordship thinks for-
(a) a su ita b le lu m p su m g ra n t fo r m e etin g th e im m ed ia te
ex p e n ses for clearin g the d eb ts referred to above and also fo r the
ex p en ses that m ay b e n ecessary at the tim e o f the d elivery o f your
hu m b le m e m o r ia lis t;
(b ) a m o n th ly m a in te n a n c e a llo w a n c e fo r th e h u m b le
m em o rialist and for h er m in o r d au g h ter, for the p o sth u m o u s child
w h en b o rn and for h er h elp less w id ow ed m other;
(c) p ro v isio n for a su ita b le a m o u n t p ay able at the tim e o f the
m arriage o f the m inor d au g h ter ;
(d) a k h ass m ah al land and a lu m p g ran t for erectin g a h ouse
th ereof for the accom m od ation o f y ou r h u m ble m em orialist and h er
m inor daughter.
A nd for this act o f k ind ness you r h u m ble m em orialist as in duty
b o u n d ; sh a ll rem ain e v e r g ra te fu l an d p ray for y ou r lo rd sh ip s
p ro sp erity and longevity.
Sd. A qu ila K hatun
D ated D acca, the 21st M arch , 1952

A ddress : C /O M oulvi M ahbubu r R ahm an,
6, R agh u n ath D as Lane, D acca n ear th e P ro vin cial M u slim L eag u e
O ffic e , D acca.
,srn?*yieiM4
To
The Secretary to the G o vern m en t o f East Bengal
E d en Buildings, D acca
R eference m y M em o rial to the H o n 'ble the C hief Ju stice o f the H igh

C o u rt o f Ju d ic a tu re at D acca in E a st B en g al, D a cca , d ated 2 1 st
M arch , 1952 for fin an cial and o th er help.
S ir ,
M ost respectfully I state that b ein g subjected to u ntold su fferin gs
co n sequ en t to the su d d en u nfo rtu n ate death o f m y h u sb an d M oulvi
S a fiu r R ah m an , an A ssista n t o f th e D acca H ig h C o u rt b y P o lice
firin g on 2nd Febru ary, 195? w hile p roceed in g as u su al to office. I
applied to the H on 'able H igh C o u rt for granting m e and m y fam ily
so m e financial help to tide o v er the existing d ifficu lties. O n en quiry
I co m e to learnt that m y m em o rial h as b een reco m m en d ed b y the
H o n 'b le C h ief Ju stice and su b seq u en tly forw ard ed to y o u r g oo d self
for n ecessary action. I b eg to b e p erm itted to m en tio n th at m y late
h u s b a n d w as the o n ly e a rn in g m e m b e r o f m y fa m ily an d h is
d ep en d en ts are all in a g reat d istress now . B esid es I h av e g iv en
b irth to a son on the 18th M ay, 1952 and w ith th e co m in g o f this
p o sth u m o u s ch ild a n o th e r h eav y re sp o n sib ility to b rin g h im up
p roperly has d eveloped on me.
In view of w hat h as b een stated in m y p etitio n to the H o n 'b le
H igh C ou rt dated 21st M arch , 1952, I fervently p ray to your h o n ou r
to k in d ly co n sid er it sy m p a th e tica lly and g ran t m y p ra y e r m ad e
therein at your earliest co n ven ience for w hich act of k in d n ess I sh all
rem ain ever grateful to you.
Y ou r obedient servant
D ated D acca, the 20th Sep tem b er, 1952. Sd. A qu ila K h atu n
6 , R aghu n ath Das Lane, D acca
F ro m :
A .S.M . Salek, Esqr., M .A ., B.L. ;
R eg istrar of the H igh C ou rt o f Ju d icatu re at D acca in East B en gal
To
T h e A ssistan t Secretary to the G o v ern m en t o f East B engal
H om e (Political) D ep artm en t
D ated D acca, the 23rd N o vem ber, 1952.
S u b ject : D eath o f M vi. Sh afiu r R ahm an, an A ssistan t o f th e C ou rt
on the 22 F ebru ary, 1952.
S ir ,
W ith re fe ren ce to the co rresp o n d en ce restin g w ith y o u r le tter N o.
3451-P o ll., d ated 3 .X .5 2 on the above su bject, I am d irected to furnish
th e follo w in g p articu lars seriatim as called for therein.
1. Rs. 95/ is the actual pay d raw n by him .
2. (a) From 1.4.43 to 15.12.47 i.e. 4 years, 4 m on th s and 14 d ays in
the C iv il S u p p lies D ep artm en t.
(b) From 16.12.47 to 22.2.52 i.e. 4 years, 2 m on th s and 7 days
T o t a l: 8 years, 10 m onths and 22 days

3. H e w as T em p o rary A ssistan t in the C iv il Su p p lies D ep artm en t
b u t jo in ed the H igh C o u rt serv ice as a P robation er. T h o u g h his
co n firm atio n w as d ue on 16.12.49 h e w as n o t co n firm ed in the
p o st d ue to son\e tem p o rary p h y sica l d efect w h ich , h o w ev er,
w as rem oved at a later d ate and a fit certificate w as g ran ted to
h im by the C o u rt's Su rgeon. B ut in the m ean tim e h e m e t w ith
h is d ea th on th e 22n d F eb ru a ry , 1952 b e fo re o rd e r fo r h is
co n firm atio n w as passes.
4. T h e statem e n t as to h is leg al h eirs m ad e b y h is fath er on 23rd
F eb ru ary , 1952 is co rrect. H is w ife w h o w as stated to b e in an
ad vanced stage o f p regn ancy, gave birth to a posthu m ous so n on
th e 18th M ay, 1952.
Y ou r obed ient servant

Sd . Ille g ib le
R e g is tra r
O ffice N otes
(a) 2 4 -9 -1 9 5 2
I. L etter N o. 559-G , dated 20.7.1952 from the R egistrar, D acca H igh
Court and enclosure
II. P etition d ated 20-9-1952 from A qila K haton
T h e P e titio n from A q ila K h a to o n fo r co m p en sa tio n fo r h er
d ecea se d h u sb a n d M o u lv i S h a fiu r R ah m an w h o w as k illed by
Vbo
Police firing on 22.2.1952 on the N aw abp u r Road D acca m ay b e seen.

It ap p ears that this firin g w as n o t in vestigated in to by an y Ju d icia l
Body and h ence it ju stificatio n can n o t perhaps b e (illegible).
A sim ilar case o f P olice firing and su bsequ ent d eath o f a m em b er
of p u b lic and case regard ing his co m p en satio n are b ein g d ealt w ith
th e G .A . (G e n era l A iid it) B ran ch in th e ir F ile N o. 5 D -1 / 1 9 4 9 ,
w h ich m ay throw ligh t on the p resen t case. S ev era l A ttem p ts w ere
m a d e to re q u isitio n th e file b u t w ith o u t a n y su cce ss. A n o th e r
attem p t h as b een m ad e tod ay also to h av e the file b u t it is lea rn t
th at th e file has g o n e to F in an ce D ep artm en t. W e m ay th erefo re,
req u est the G .A . Branch to su p p ly the file N o. 5D -1 / 4 9 w h ich w ill
be returned to them as soon as done w ith.
(b) 24-9-1952
M o u lv i S h afiu r R ah m an w as an A ssistan t o f the D acca H igh
C o u rt an d d ied as a re su lt o f P o lic e firin g on 2 2 .2 .1 9 5 2 . T h is
gen tlem an w as resid in g at R agh u n ath D as L an e, D acca, in fro n t o f
the D acca M ag istracy . T h e firing to o k p lace at 10.30 A .M . It can
th e refo re b e p resu m ed th at h e w as on his w ay to o ffice. B efo re
firing the Police gave the u sual w arnin g , bu t as the d eceased h ad a
cy cle in h is hand it w as perhap s n o t p o ssible fo r him to take o v er
qu ickly. U nd er the circu m stan ces G o v ern m en t m ay perh ap s take a
sy m p ath etic view o f the case and grant som e co m p en satio n to the
w idow o f the deceased.
T h e H igh C ou rt recom m end s for favou rable con sid eratio n o f the
case. B efo re su b m ittin g this case to S ecretary for o rd ers w e m ay
re q u e st the R eg istra r, H igh C o u rt to fu rn ish us w ith n ecessa ry
m aterials as in the d raft putup.
T his m ay be seen along w ith n otes and o rd ers o f the 2-10-52 from
m id d le o f page 1 and the C om p assionate G ratu ity Fund Rules.
2. A cco rd in g to the ru les, certain o th er in form ation b esid es this
in form ation su pplied so far by the H igh C ou rt, are required in o rd er
to m ak e the ca se co m p lete b efo re p la cin g it b e fo re the G ra tu ity
C o m m ittee . T h e in fo rm atio n w h ich are re q u ired , are : (1) L and
P ro p e rty (2) D eb t (3) R e c o m m e n d a tio n o f th e H ead o f th e
D epartm en t regard ing am ount o f co m p en satio n (4) D escrip tiv e Roll
(5) N am e o f the treasu ry at w hich p ay m en t is d esired (6) W h eth er
the deceased contributed to provident Fund and Insurance.
D ue a tten tio n sh o u ld also b e g iv en b y th e H ig h C o u rt to the
n atu re o f co m p en satio n i. e., w h eth er as lu m p su m p o r as w orthy
p ension. T h e later kind o f co m p en satio n w ill fall N o. 7 46D C. S. R.
T h ese inform ation should therefore be asked for.
3. It a p p e a rs fro m D. M .'s re p o rt o f th e 5 / 7 .5 .5 2 th a t the
C om m issio n er, D acca (illeg ib le) held and en q u iry into the in cid en t
an d su b m itted a rep o rt to G o v ern m en t. B u t th is o ffice d o es n o t
ap p ear to h av e received any such report. T h e co n fid en tial A ssistant
o f the C om m ission er w as ru ng up to-day to ascertain w h eth er such a
rep o rt w as su b m itted to G o v ern m e n t an d it w as lea rn t th at the
C om m ission er had su bm itted a report and also received a reply from
G overnm ent.
It is th e re fo re p resu m ed th at the re p o rt m ay be w ith o u r A
officers. A fter issu e o f the d raft pu t up abo ve, this m ay b e show n to
S e cre tary and P. A. to C h ie f S e cre ta ry , an d req u ested to rep ort
w hether the presu m p tion at A is correct.
25 -11-1952
N otes dated 2-10-52 from the bottom of page 1 ante and p. u. d. below
M v i. S h a fiu r R a h m a n w as p ro b a tio n e r in th e o ffic e o f the
R eg istrar, D acca H igh C ou rt. H e d ied as a resu lt o f P o lice firing
b e fo re he co u ld be co n firm ed . It w as ex p e cted th at h e w ould
m ain tain h is fam ily w ith h is pay (actu al R s. 95/ -) and allow ances.
H e has left b eh in d a w idow (aged 19 y ears) a d au g h ter (4 years), a
p o sth u m o u s so n (born 18-5-52). A old p aren t (fath er A. G . E. B's
em ploy). In view o f extrem e d istressed co n d itio n o f the fam ily and
in view o f the fact, that th o u g h a victim o f Police firing th at took
place at the tim e o f lan g u ag e m o v em en t, there is n o th in g to show
th at he to o k p a rt eith e r in the p ro cessio n in the m o v em en t, th is
D epartm en t m ay n ot any objectio n if the D ep artm en t con cern ed i. e.,
Ju d icial D ep artm en t gran t the fam ily any gratu ity or extra ordinary
pension.
25-11-1951
T h ere is n o th in g in the file to ju stify th e p resu m p tio n th at the
d eceased did n o t take p art in the p ro cession in the m ovem ent. T his
rtas to be verified from the C om m ission er's rep ort said to have been
su b m itted to G o v ern m e n t. H o m e (P o lice) D ep a rtm en t m ay h ave
that report. W ill they p lease co m m en t?
4 -1 2-1 9 5 2
H om e (P o litica l) D ep artm en t n o te a b o v e m ay p lea se b e seen . It
ap p ears from the report o f the C om m issioner, D acca D ivision in this
D ep artm en t noted below that the In sp ecto r w h o in v estig ated the
case did not find any evid ence to show that M ou lv i Sh afiu r R ahm an
had taken any activ e part in the procession b ecau se h e had a b icy cle
w ith him at the tim e he w as h it by the P o lice b u llets. It seem ed
that M . Sh afiu r R ahm an w ho w as goin g on a b icy cle to the D acca
H ig h C o u rt g o t m ixed up w ith th e m ob w h ich w as g o in g up
N aw abpu r Road and w as fatally inured w hen the Police opened fire
on the m ob to d isp erse it. The H om e (P o litical D epartm en t m ay be
in fo rm e d th at the d ep a rtm e n t h a s also o b je ctio n if any e x tra
o rd in ary p en sio n or a g ra tu ity is g ran ted to the fam ily o f the
d eceased .
5.3.1953
This is really a q u estio n o f fact. From the p ap ers p u t up it is n ot
possible to co llect a correct p ictu re of the h appen in gs. It is true that
at the tim e w hen h e receiv ed the inju ry lead in g to h is d eath , the
G overn m ent servant w as not perform ing an y duty. So the question of
"in cre a sin g the o ffic e r's liab ility to in ju ry or d eath b ey o n d th e
ord in ary risk o f civ il ap p o in tm ent held b y h im ” d oes n ot arise. Cf.
A rticle 746 B C. S. R. O n the other hand w e can n o t shelve it aside as
"an accid en t to w h ich an o fficer m ay be liable u nd er the o rd in ary
co n d itio n s o f civ il life, etc." w ith in the m e a n in g o f the A rticle
referred to.
*■ W e know that on these fateful d ays o f Febru ary, 1952 em ployees
b o th u nd er G o v ern m en t and p riv ate b o d ie s g en erally kept aw ay
from office— som e o f them In ten tio n ally bu t m o st o f them from fear
o f th e o b stru ctiv e elem e n t let lo o se in the city . W e know h ow
tu rb u len t and o b stru ctiv e elem e n t really w as. In fact, P olice at a
certain stag e had to open firing to bring back law and ord er. In the
circu m stan ces, if m ost o f the G o v ern m en t serv an ts kept aw ay from
o ffice they cou ld n ot be blam ed fo r d erelictio n o f d iscip lin e. If w e
ad m it this, w e m u st be p repared to g ive an em p lo y ee fu ll cred it, if
in the face o f this, h e tried to attend his duties.
W e h av e from th e P o lic e re p o rt, th at the late M r. S h a fiu r
R ahm an did n o t tak e p art in the law lessn ess. In fat, h e w as w ith a
A i i i 'W C 'U w f ^ r a
b icy cle and carryin g his tiffin w hich h e w ou ld take d u rin g m id-d ay
re cess w h ile in o ffice. It is, th erefo re, c le a r th at h e w as risk in g
m u ch to go to h is office. So the in ju ry w h ich h e receiv ed w as, it
seem s, d ue to d evo tio n to G overnm ent w ork. W e think th is m ay be
treated as a case o f receivin g the inju ry "in co n seq u en ce o f the due
p e rfo rm a n ce o f h is o fficial d u ties" w ith in th e m ea n in g o f A rticle
746 D C. S. R. It is, how ever, for the A d m in istrativ e D ep artm en t to
h o ld a sh iftin g en q u iry and satisfy th em selves th at the o fficer m et
w ith the so -called accid en t in h is an xiety to g o to h is o ffice a t any
co st and in sp ite o f a ll o b stru ctio n s. If they are sa tisfie d , th ere is
reason to b e, they m ay m ake ou t a case for extraord in ary pension. In
th at case they w ill h av e to take action as laid d ow n in A rticle 746
A , V. S. R.
Sd ./ M . N abi
2 8 -5-1955
P o litica l B ran ch n o tes above. It h as b ee n p e rso n a lly a scerta in ed
fro m th e ju d ic ia l D e p a rtm e n t th a t an e x tra -o rd in a ry m o n th ly
p en sio n for (?) Rs. 47-8-0 h as b een san ctio n ed to the fam ily o f late
M o u lv i S afiu r R ah m an . T he file m ay be retu rn ed to the P o litical
B ra n ch .
G o v ern m en t of E ast P akistan , B -Proceedings, B an g la d esh N a tio n a l

A r c h iv e s , P olitical D ep a rtm en t, H o m e B ran ch , B u n d le N o. 133,
D ecem ber, 1955, Proceedings. N o. 1744-47.
'5TCt-,*tf)lT£*T3
G overn m ent of East Pakistan

H o m e (P o litical) D ep artm en t
N o. 14710-Pol. dated 30.11.56
From : A. Z. Faruqu i, Esqr. C. S. P.

D eputy Secretary to the G overnm en t of East Pakistan
To : T h e D istrict M ag istrate, D acca.
Sub: P aym ent o f co m p en satio n to the fam ilies of person s k illed as

a result of P olice firing in 1952 d uring language m ovem ent.
'6||£'*twwa
T h e u n d e rsig n e d is d ire c te d to co n v e y th e s a n c tio n o f

G overnm ent to an ex-gratisgrant of a sum of Rs. 2000/= (R upees tw o
th o u sa n d ) ea ch th e fa m ily o f th e m a rg in a lly n o te d d e c e a se d
persons w ho died as a result of Police firing in Febru ary, 1952, during
the language m ovem ent.
1. M . R a fiq s/ o A. L a tif o f V ill. P a ril, B u a ld h a ra , P. O .
B u ald h ara P. S. Sin g air, D acca.
2. A bul B arkat, s/ o S h am su z-zo h a of B abla, P. O . B h aratp u r,
M u rshid abad (W. B.) H is m o th er H asina B ibi (The o n ly legal h eir
in Pakistan) is living u nd er c/o A. S. M ahm odu l H u sain , K azi V illa,
S a n tin ag ar, D acca.
3. A bd u l Ja b b a r, s/ o H asen A li a lies G o ta r Bap o f P ach u a
(Pu rbapara), P. S. G offaragaon , D ist. M ym ensingh.
4. A b d u ls Salam s/ o Fazil M iy an o f V ill-L a k sh m a n p u r, P. S.
Fen i, P. O. D ago n B h u iy an , D istric t - N o ak h a li an d c/ o A b d u s
So b h an , 36/8/B , N ilk h et B arrack, R am na D acca.
T h e ch arg e w ill b e m et from the grant u n d er th e h ead "57-
M iscellaneou s, J-M isc. and u nforeseen charges-J(2) O th er item s J. 2 (3
M iscellan eo u s o f the B u d g et for th e cu rren t fin an cial y ea r w h ich
w ill b e a u g m e n te d , if n e c e ssa ry , by su p p le m e n ta ry g ra n t fo r
reappropriation in due course.
The m oney m ay be draw n by you and paym ent m ad e to the legal
h e irs o f the d ecease d p e rso n s a fte r th ro u g h e n q u iry an d d u e
o b serv an ce o f all form alities.
A list o f the leg al h eirs o f ea ch o f the d eceased so far as is
know n to the G overnm ent is enclosed herew ith.
The A ccou ntant-G en eral, East P akistan has b een inform ed.
Sd. Ille g ib le
D eputy Secretary to the G overnm ent o f E ast Pakistan,
copy of M em o No. 344
'sM I-H iW 'olMjjwl st<mlc<m I<jc.-«p WM 7T°9lf<P'S
T o the D istrict M agistrate M ym en sing h
Sub : Paym ent of com p ensation to the fam ily of one A bdul Jabber,
s/ o L ate H asen A li alias G o ta r Bap o f P ach u a (P u rb a p a ra ), P. S.
G o ffargao n , D ist. M y m en sin g h K illed as a result o f P olice firin g in
1952 during language M ovem ent.
Ref: H is M em o No. 2315(2) G dt. 2.3.57 and 6764 J Dt. 6.12.56 and
th is office N o. 324 dt. 15.4.57.
In co n tin u a tio n o f this o ffice M em o N o . 324 dt. 1 5 .4 .5 7 it is
fu rth er ascertained as follow s :
1. T h at the m arginally noted person s are heirs of the d eceased
A bdul Jabber s/o late H asen Ali alias G otar Bap as m entioned in the
m em o under reference.
H eir N am e Age
1. M o th er : Safia K h atoon 60
2. B rother :
i. A. Q u ad ir 30
ii. A. A w al 25
iii. A. H akim 22
iv . A. M atin 20
3. Sisters :
i. K h o d ija K h ato on 40
a lia s D ep ali
w / o Sh ah ed u lla P and it
of D au latp u r
P. S. G affarg aon
ii. A esha K h ato on 24
w /o Q u ad er of K hayerpur
P. S. G afargaon
Dist. M ym ensing
4. W ife :
A m ena K hatoon 26
5. Son:
N u ru l Islam alias Badal 9
ii. They are all alive
iii. His w ife and son are p resent resid ing in the V illage
Shim u l K uchi P. S. H alu ag h at, D istrict - M ym ensingh.
iv . T he w ife is reported to h av e m arried again and is resid eing
w ith the second husband.
L o cal In q u iry m ay b e held in th at p la ce a b o u t th eir
w hereabouts in this connection.
«T3T 'ail(.*iT|cK*1<3 triciefflg
Local Inquiry
Ref: H is N o. 7119 G. dt. 29.5.57
S u b : P aym ent o f co m p en satio n to the fam ily o f on e A bdul Jab b ar,

s/o late H asen A li alias G o tar Bap of P ach u a (Pu rbapara). P.
S. G o fferg ao n , D ist. M ym en sin g h K illed as a resu lt o f P olice
firing in 1952 during language m ovem ent.
I have enquired into the m atter locally and found that (i) N u rul
Islam alias B ad al a b o u t 9 y ears s/ o d ecease d A b d u l Ja b b a r o f
(P u rbap ara) P anchu a P. S. G o ffo rgao n and A m en a K hatun w / o of
th e a fo re sa id d ec e a se d (A b d u l Ja b b a r) a re th e le g a l h e irs as
rep o rted to and the am ou n t o f co m p en satio n m ay be d isbu rsed to
th e m .
In co n n ectio n , it m ay be m ention ed h ere th at A m ena K hatun
w idow o f the deceased Abdul Jab b ar re-m arried one A bdul K adr s/o
late H asen A li b ro th e r o f th e d ecease d an d he is at p resen t the
n atu ral g u ard ian o f the m ino r so n o f the d eceased A bd u l Jab b ar.
H ow ever, A m ena K hatun and h er m ino r son o f the deceased A bdul
Jab b ar. H o w ever, A m ena K hatun an d h er m in o r so n N u ru l Islam
alias B ad al at p resen t h ave been resid in g at Sh im u l K u chi v illag e,
P. S. h alu agh at.
It m ay be n o te d h ere fu rth e r th a t th e B u s s e rv ic e fro m
H alu ag h at to Sh am b h u g an j h as b een stop p ed d ue to heavy ra in
falls so the am ount o f Rs. 2000.00 (R u pees tw o thousand) grants m ay
b e sent to H aluaghat throu gh the P olice E sco rt P arty as it is found
w ith risk to ca rry h eav y cash e ith e r b y b o a t o r b icy cle . A n
interm ed iate arrangem en t m y be m ad e in this regard.
Sd . Ille g ib le
C. O. H alu ag h at
11.7.57
F ly -L e a f C o r r e s p o n d e n c e s , M y m e n s i n g h D is t r i c t C o lle c t o r a t e
Records, General Department, C o lle ctio n N o. x xx v -10, 1957.
‘rl^«i»ng VnVH ■.30
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V >a? nrtf3 ?9I? CVPfWI ®n^t? : Then there are the people who come
with petitions,— who have to ask tor something. They may be genuine beggars asking
for financial help, or ignorant people asking for knowledge, or timid people asking for
some lead or encouragement. The common attitude is to scorn them or repulse them.
The scorn may be shown even when alms or assistance is given, to them. Such an
attitude is wrong.............. Every petition should be examined and judged on its merits.
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s it e®(5 Reg eRg s im i R e g fe sR tR g R R eg% «R eg £ f^ siR eg RRT^g,'
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w i fifs ig Reg i R m F s m i R g R -* ifk R graegig g e ^r^g eg s it g?gieg t^ lg g iR
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g ^ fie s ) ^ e « ig Rgg giess Reg R rR fR r ^ g ?
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3 R R 3 R R W f ? f $ R R CR ^ T R R R R R R R n W W R I R R I '^ F R CR R f f t ^ T C R i R RR5R
R R R vS e iW H CR <3 ? ^ W IR R T R R R II
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f t T R ? R f t 'S R IR I ^9 R fH R'TI'TIR RTRRR R S R R s f t B R R R i f s , R S R * H I'3 fR R R I, ftffiR R
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W R R IR IR R R f t W R T R I R R B W R J R I ^RRR5 R R R , 4 R ? R I ^ 5 CRTR R Il'R R S tT & tl
ft lR IR RRR® ^ R , ^ J R R I S J IR F S R R ® R I s f o j N RSRTS S f ® ® jr ^ I rssr T
RR’ tf^STRR Bs.CR’ ICb R % 5 ® 3 R , RTRRI 'jT R R RTIRI R ^ f t < ) f t i C S ? R f t ^"$R5R R I^fTR 5
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R ” RT9i R T ^ S R >5R® 3RTlRSRÎcT RSRI R R R R I, RRR R I, R R R R I |
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i£]R5»p5 R ^ R JRR R S 3 3 R ? f e ^ I R , R l'S r ^ li s , R S R S rS lJ , 'R 'R I RRC^ti
R ? CRfRCRT? 'S IR * R ) R R I S.(2 RIRT ??1 r 1w TS5 CR5R ? S S H b tb l R?RR tSIR5 « 1 R IR 'SRR
V5IR T p rt S(R R*I R 5R IR I R5JRT « IR 1 R <3 ? R ^ R - S tR R RSRTRT R > pR R < F R s1 3 ^ R R T 1 R IR R
R R R ^ tT R R R T ^ S T R IR W R - 1 R W R R ^R R f ^ S I R5R R 5 C»RR 'S R R ? CR R T ^ I R I R
t^ lR T S C*RR I
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B ^T S C ^ IR IR ^ I t*IR T R R , R ® R ® C R I R # RSRTRR, R 1?R TR ® ^ 5 1 % R R R T ^ # IR
I r R i c r vilR 5 R ® R R lf ^ W T S R *S fR IR ^ 1 1 R5RTRR, RRR R F R T ^ t R R R R I B lR R S IR I R l& '& R
CR PsfRCR fs fR W ? ^H R ^ I
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“RTR CR R ® R ? ^ R R jf% R IR R i m ^ T R W l ® 1R R IR lfR R 5 RRRTRR W U R I R T R R
o T R I-'a ) I <1^11 iR R ^ , fe p C R 5 ® R R R ^ J R B t^ T R R R5RI ? . ( r R =1 I

r =i c <w — rtsgtt w r t ^ f t r r rtsrt r5 rtst r t r ? f t r if R R jM T R R f t
RTSRT E M l 5 , 4 R ? W f R f t R R ^R RR>CRR r 5 ~ 5 R T « * T ir 3 CRRT 5 R ^C R ? f t
'^rf'Trsra ^ trrtrjrr crrr r 5 Rise's * ttrcr ? S 'qcr R ft r r ^cr “giRTR rt, fts ^ ir s ’RT
CRTR5 RTRCR I
'R T ft CR t * T O - R R ? R C R C R ft 'STC'S CRCRR "TSRSRT R<n 5 R T5R R , C R t f t
R R S *TSrR' I 4R? CR R ftR R , CRfCRR ftgRRTR iRZRRS ^ $ 3^ ’ tfTCRR 5CR I

5 ? ftft RT 'tR<R
K W R J -& H RTfR R R I R RT R T R v£>(<J[ A j f t '5 '5 R RT'„sTI fttfT R ii)R ?
^? fF 5 , - ^ R , ft« ra 5 rtTR CR RR5R RTRTRR f t f f t s CRTR5 RTôTRTR CRRT CRTRR C?ft

*^ R 5 ^’jvbC'S RTTR 'SRT'S S rs CSRIr CRTRR S iiS 'S R T5TR btoiR RTR R?Tjl5s R|<pcr I
CRTRR '5TR5, CRTR5^ CR ^ S R “'J3R5 R15TR CR RSRT RRTT ^TTRTR ^ ¥ 1 1 RR —
RRRR RRRR5 '5TTRR ®TR^5R3T CRRIRT ft?*TR Cg^l RT RRTTWR RTRT fRR5> RR, 4 R R ft
S te ftR R RT'QRT RT RTGRTR ^RR-3 CR ftlR R R ^ R fts R RRR RT, RR5 f t 4 , if)R , 4 ,
■RfftRR “RTTRR ’ TR C5R5 <f5 W ^ C^RTR R^TRR R^TTR “ RRR R t” RRRR RT, RflR
RR5 RT?RTRR C5TR CRTfJTCR RT RTR ^ CRTR f t ^ RTRhsTRT CWTRR ftR R -ft^ T R RT5R
5TR CR CRRTRT ^ S ^ R f t ^ ^ R T&tlTTi? (RTRR RTRl'SR SfTfrtTR RPT R?^?? ^ 5
RTCR I <5R R'flT'SI RRRTR 5R ^5JU<t<flb '2>T5 CRTR5 ^CRICRlCRR R 5 R fftftjJ R 5,
lifftr^ jfR R 5 'R i 1r °<F'5T Ir ^ I r r tm c r 'Btrttrr rt r r r 'Q R *t^ f ^ftR R R 5 tr> rr^
5TRT5R I
IST? CRRT'S 5 T R , R T^«TR TR CR fR R ifR ^ t ftC R R l ) l ' » ) I R '■ailRS. T R 5 fR R ffR ^ I5 CRR
iR R T R 4 R ? i R R M ^ R 5 T R f t ^ f t r R R RJRTR R ^ C 5 f t l R C’ f t I R I RIR JRKR ^ ? R f t RT $ R R
R*T ^ F 5 <SRS?RT w f R R TR ^M 5=TIR RT I
■ ft*T R R^CR ^ 3 R T CRTR?! CRtRTRTCRR v £ |R 5 R # CRTRR I RT?RT^S RR 5% T RT
R5RTR TRcT ‘^ R - R lf t '3 1 C R R RTRTRR ^ R f t R RCRR ^ R ^ I C R f R R f e 'S I xBTRfRRs CRCR5
R t ^ T R 5 51RT R ? C R R C R ^ CR « C R o f e c ^ I r ^JU 5CR RTR ^ST CR 'Q R - ? - R T R sl s f t R
C<PC5I? C5TR5 ^5FTR C R S R T R - ^ - S R # t R t C5TR5 1 R ltT R 5 * f f e » I T # R5RRTR >5RT ^5TCR5
CRRTC^S 5CR 1
^ I $ R R I( R R 5TR * 4 R ? ftC R R R^CR CRRTC® 5CR ^ 5 i 5 R T f CR CR 5 ft5 T C R R
^ ^ R R T ^ ft R RT -51R 3R I '5 T IR R [^ 'S 'R T ? ^ C R R C ^ S R f e l ^ R f t R R ? ^ fft CR R tR
ftC R C 5 C R -R iR ^ R T ftW R RiflRTR CRCRRTI T5JR5 5 R R R R R R R 15C 3R ^R ?
R R R ^C R R R ^ T R CRW R C^TR R IS C 'S RCR RTRR^S 5CR I
^ I «T5 »T5 R5.RCRR ^T R -ft® T R F5T RSRT 5CR1CRIR CR * r f f t RR5R RSTRC5 fRRR
W R ^ 'SJTW -5T5 f*TRCi5 RTS I R T fft 'S’f t^ J CR RR^R R ^[ ftiCSSR RT R^CR g^R R^RT
RTR RT, 5rRTCRT%T R^R ~Qf t s i R 5 ift f^R5 CR5 RR5R fRRT ftSTCR IR R R^RT 5«TCR RT I
* ’ t l f ^ l ^ Theocratic R® RRTR R«n t k * Rl I 'RTRTR RTft*n3 RB iR'qiR, fRRR CR

RIWRfe^ *tl«l, 'R^tRfeRs CR1RT 5T5T ^(R C*1R CRRRftR? ^CR Rl, RRife Rl CWC*TR
R*RW1R RRtCfUBRra 3R<5 5R I «[RflR ?SfRRR ^ 2CTI^11
3 0 0 ®TRT '* I I C 'R I « l H < ! R f t p n ®
o I ?R=i:R ®TTRCRR RT?CR CRRTCR? ftfC R ® CRRTCR? CRTRRR W T O MTR-

ftM M , f*F ’91<p«niC<r- ?RR RRR =J®R R®5®T RTO1^5)® ft^ lR RRRC^ | ?RTCRR ^ }p)®H}R
R*1 CR5R CRC*1 in t^ R ft? W R R ® ? R?IR? f t f t f ® 3CRC^, B 'j ®TRT ® ?
*1^fc>C®? RI® B fo , CRRI® RR ® ? RRR? RI3RT CRTR5! ® ? RRR?
RRR® I
<3? R lfR 5 ® T IR R ® I ? r S f t >^T®®3 R RR T R R , * IR I? < ^ lR RR I ^ R IS fR R ?j f? ®
® 1R ® R C R R ? f® ? IC R ®RTRRRT ? C R ® R , $TCRR R ? *IR R R R CR f t R R f f t R T ® ^TT’ TR
'R P R R ? R R R R R ® I® T ^fTCTOM IR CRTR CRCRR CR f t R ? S ® R RR2TRTCRR ^ T ^ f f f t
f® ® R 5 T R '51RRJR ?CR I ( ' i l - R C ' l 'i>JRI'5)R ^C «13 r1?T ftR S C ® R ft ® T R '§ tR ? B f t R I R R
^ R e l'lH C W R R T R C ^ R R R R 3 CR R Q t R fR '3 cT®TR C’ f f t C ® 'TTRCR RT l ) 'SRSRT f t ^ T S ?
^ R S T ®=TCR RT CR R T ^ R , ?TR RR R R R R R R R '5TTRCRRT M R -R l® R T R * j f t f t R R R ig %
R®R f t R 5 ® R R ? ®TRT 2 f^ R R T ^ T R R R R ‘ TjRR5’ ‘ ^ F ® ’ ‘ " W ® ! ’ ® 1 R % ®
R R R fte T , R S % R R T^C R R 1®T(RC==T '§ f ® 5 j t R R 5 ft 5 ’ tUpjR RRR
R ? « ^ 5 f t r R ® T R ® R R R " R ® i snR fftfR S g ^ f t l C R f t w R |
RJIRCRRT R ^ J 3 B f H ?C R ® T R # R R ® J ® T R ^ R W R ®CRC*T ®TFS ®[TR
9£ f - * f T f t 5®TCRR TRTR5 RFSeTT ®TRTR RTCR ?RR3R RTRTR# CRCR ®® CR5 R T C ® !
ft5R T*6R R S g»1R R ?
■R® RCRRRT, R5® R5® * r r ’a®T*TF'® R ^ R g^SR R5® g ^ ftR T R , R5®
9jt® R R 2T5TR, R5® R ® f t R l B , R R R T T ^ ^ T R T R R SR RTR1R R R ? ^ f t R l B ®rf®RTCRR
RIRCR Rlt®C R !
® R B e R R ^TRCSRRT CRTRRR CR ?
SfRTR® R l f t f s i R R R , ® R ? ® T f t , f t l* T R C®TR f t l R W IR R ® RT?, CR R i f t ® !
RF*T5TRT f ® R ®TRT CRRCRT ®TRTC® S C ® ‘RTCR RT I ®TRTR ? f® ? T R CRCR5 R # f t
R^g^Rsft I
RRR 4R? ??cTO® ®rftTCRT RI?CRR RIR RTRI srf® R5.RR STOTTR SFSTR ??CRS
’ flTftCR CR®TC® *IRR I RTRRR, C*T^) B® R 'JFRT^t WtRC®R f t 5^ R5? , ^RTS ^(R® C®T
i3R$WR ??CRS R'RT^t R lftl® ! RTR ®IWR R5RC® ^TTCRR f t , ®TFS 91R® ®R?WR <p<]|^l
? ? ftfs ftR R ^TTRSCRR VrU ®|TRSRg RSRT^S ^RCRR RT | ®[RR RT«5=n BijC® CR ‘pTI?iRsT
RJR Tft ? ? ftfs i® <T(1JiR5T ®TR CRCR CRR R ^ I C ^ftR R 5 f t C?fCBR ^CR R lftfR 'ilR ?
f®CRRIR f t f t ® WTTR5 RT®? W l f R%T 5FR® (®TRRT R®BT ? ? ftfs R sft cfej® CRCR
CRR CR*f11 ® ^ 3 ®RTO?R WTRR ®TRT®fft R»RT^ ftR R RTR RRIC® “RTCRR f t ,
^C R ftlR R 5, ®==T®CRR ^TTRCcR W*1 ®rf®ST® RT®? TFRTft g®CRCRR ?TC® RB ^C®R,
R M T^M ^C® ^FRTft ftTRC®R (®=T®CRR ?F*t 93®CRS CR , lftR T eT <TT®1R ’ fR ÎT®! ft?^P
R’ fTl^l C®1R( (R RR5R ? ? ft% ® f® RTS=R R ? RRRTCRR (RC*T ®RCRT CR-CRTR f t )
f t 5® ®?RC®3 ®R5MR ?F*T3 'TORTftl® ^ T ^ ’ j f t R>|4 R^RC® ‘PTRTRR f t I
® T® R IR R T? CRTO ? R T ® * t® R ” R R T F T f f t R1RRT R R R ® TR ® R C R R R l f t f s j C R 5?!!
® R R ^RSRTRT R ? ftT R C ® 'ITCRR f t CR R ? ?RTCR R ’ R IR «TI® RSCR ® I CR R lf t iR '5ITRR

R 3 R ^ C M H ^5T?I »Pl^T R’ f i ' S I ? < IIM 'O W l'^ 'fl, '5J9 f l “ C'QJ*l, RIRT> RI^HSTRTR PTRT
4m ^<pfi'$T Rf®R 3 CR RIR^CR I

v* in < i( rhc^ * ii P i i r i ? c*h =i r rt? - a iR iy " R i f e ' S fo -S U i R iT a i^ ' s w c * i •s t r i r 1r i
^S j r ^ ' r i r c r crrr r i« i # t s ir r s ? d R l% P trps ’ n rR R f t , 3 ^ c f t R C 5 ti
rrr P s f t 'a ? ? c ? f tf R if t p s iR ^ ^ 5 >:s f i ^ E crr5 crps rtcur ft i
s s p r ir t c r c? i r i ^ ‘w v <n«?n rt% jt crcr * r s r r s ft e jjg ^ cr r t i
'OIICRI RHP?, 'SRSRR RCRR C'S'S<5 t>C=T R iftR , »T|pR * P RMC&H, ‘ RCRR RHCSc
’ f l? ^ RRR, t j^ p s CHCTO f t f f l *1^3 I’ ’ J ^ -’ llft'SIICHR ^SU’ IR RCRR CRpftftCRteTTRTRT
CR »ra * f$ R«CRR RfR ^rra ? !, RR<rft 'SR? ^ fR p fc RiRPRR, v*|-RR R lftpS T RHCRR
W T R f t 5 ? R fftlR , 3 1 # , ?R5RTC*TR R5RT R R ftR , ‘^ - ’ IfftRSIR PfCR* jq<Fg?R f r r t
r r w ir ^ R s f t r r t p s ’ tiRc=i? ■amrr! w i t 3 c r r f r i
C R M ^ -C r H M u h i CR R H ^ R 'fa lR RF5 R^RfeJR ^T R -5m ! ^STRT P R ÎTHTR
^ r r rt i r q -c w ra T R R ! % rr 3 ^r r r fp r i? rs <f r 5, " s n f ^ 3 >h r r
^ 5 T S w < l C5TCR ( R p l I ^ 3 R 4 R ? R p E R ^ T R P S R C ftR ? r C H R ’ ) R 3 C R p f t t C R fa lR IR
r? > 3 c r ^ c r -^rrsrra $ ft> g p i ^ n r a r w i pi f T W w iP t h R ^ s R ra
R R S S ftR tlC R R C5CR CRHCRI Î?C*1 R5R RR I CRRTCR R " ^ R f t p f * f t «TRI ftC R RRRRIR
CRRR RTR < P fM 'R lS ? ) - CRRTCR ,5^ R R O R 'STTpTR '0|CR<P ? P T ? ‘ R r j ^ I W S ’ 'SflPfRTR5
3JR RTftCRC^R f t * ^ ;S ^ 5 R l f e l ’ j H CRH R " * J R ^SIMRT f t f f t R I CR 30’ t*faRS<PSTR,

■ ^ J l ^ * p 5 , W T C R R R T ^ T R IR CoRSR ftp R ’ fpRRnS 3CR R l ^ l ’ j f t RRR CR-RR
^TCRR ■ailC^ fR5^ ;S l t trR R l ^ o l R I RR RCff ^TCWR RR' S ftb B l ’ f ^ j <3
R R R W 3 ^CR CR R in RTRR RRR ÔTR5 R i f e ] R«R 5 W R l I lRCRR‘ ^ t1 % ^ ' sm R f ^5TR

C R R ^W I
^ IR 5 CRpJ R«,RTRIRJ ^ I T R f l - R R R ^ R R s^R C R R R # t R S R ^ I R I« = T I R f f e ' i l P 5
T O R TTfe ^ R R SRW R I •^RcTRTR'9 CR R I« W C I5 R ^ R ffe l ^ R5RP5 “R K R CR
T5?T5 ^ R R R R ^ R T R R ? R 2TRIR R R R P tR C ^ R I
^$1? 'JRRTR R pT, R ] f « I R I R R R J R I RJpRRCR5 C R ^ R5RCRT, CRRRI CRTR ^TI^fR5

Rlt^SI ^ <PRCR) ’ITCRR P I '5IT^ R p ^SfRRRR R|1r \5J 2}C5%I ^CRR ’ TOPS
RIRR1R ^ R 'SCR RRR SRR '5IRRTR 5CR 'SJ^RR R R » o fR P 5 I R R ^3 \ 5 r R ° * I 'Q ^ • I 'S I '^ I r
RRpaTR -R R ^ R I«5H «TRT '3 R l f e s i ^R R ^TC R SISTER pT R * ^C 6 5 ^ ; ^ !# 5 T C R ,
1 W » T C R , RgCRR ^SFSRTR R TS 1# ^R «1R H CR RRIPpSTTCRS ^P fC R CRPS CRRÎ R#t

?CS ’ IIR ci R [ | vilRCRI fR5 R R R ^ R P i CR 'SIR Jje rH * lp 3 >R R ÎR 5 J R RSRIR ^JCRIR ’ ITR ?
^5JRS CRpI, R if P r f ^ S 5IRT ^ R ? R J R p fp F S ^ t - C R r a i 'SfT’ R R l f ^ S I R^CR

% R C ^R I f T O C R W R lP s i RRR iR ^W C R R R *^ C R ^ } 2 | R R » I <PR?t ^ R R CRC*!-
PCWCR R 9 R p i W R 'SIR CR 2f»I?R I < fR W R CR 2|»I?RT R IR I CRRCRT CRCRR CsITR5
R I% $ 3 R S fi% ^ P T S 5 R fR I «TRTR R W IC R R ^ R«,RR RCR 4 'SJRR R ® R ®
R5T5RCRR SIRIR> c R c e f-R ’ l? -3 p R IR CRC5 P c R :$TCWR W 5 P S R R tfiH P c iU ^ , 'SR? CR
T O 9! CRCR R=TC^ S fIT 5 , CcTIR5-R1%R5TR Rr R T ^ , ^ I R , ^ S T p l ? ? fg % W 5P5R
CRRRSP5? ^ R ^ C'RIR^-R i P c'DW rrs r c r r r i «i cr? I
atrt ^ r ir c r r r P t r r a
A n R ic R R « ifi5 < til? i r s j r . r r c ^ a c t r t r r i r I r S ^ a - a i r r r t w t , rT M R R 5P 5R , ,£ r r r
* t t * = jc r r r ^ s P ic r a c r # t a t t a a r r a r^ w r ? c rtc rt% t c r tr 5 r iP c a j
c r r t c a “R t r c r r t 1
A |R F f o W R , P 5 fo p F R T C , ^ R W R * [R p lR 1 * fftf® R ÊJTfRI P 51! ? RERT
R *R C A *fTR C AR RT ! ^ R p ? * 1 *1 A T % J CRR R R 'S ’ ffR C S f f * t 1 % A RcTCA « W 5

S ^ C r^ T IR R , AIRRC?)?) R S R -T w m s s ? f i ? i > i CAT ^ C < f? H W ' t ' l ^ C < lR I 1lR.si)5 7 j f t RSRCA RTCRR P ^T ^5g
a tc w r ^ a rs rt c rta t r t r r t cr rt$ t# ^ w i r rts p tt r t P c a t r c r r t r> c r c r

> » R ic < i a t t r r <f»c<j P c a r t c r P 1
P 5'® RRR <RR CR^t, "STR RRR CRTR R5^ CR R5RT P C R ARTCR ATTR AIICcllFRl RRTR
RT I ARTCR « ^ A ? 5 < F PCRRR ^ 5 § (Tj (TfCRR F lfT -R T p ! w R R C R R I ( R R 5 R % A RERT
RSRCA n R ? ! CR <RC*R P t P > A R 'S P R R R R R R lp A J RFRT R R T ® RTRCR RT CR R5^

P 5 R51* ^ p R T R R R I R R ? <5jR ?R A '5Tf% ®ATR R5RT R=TCA RTCRT RTCRT C&CR5 R 5^ RT
RRT (5 RTR CR?, A I ? A |jA R p R R R m W H < M p , * [( t|A I’c || A-~5TRCRR ® R T R A CRCR
<J»f5 C R C ^P c c h ATIRR P *T R , '®TR5R l R 'i H , W TsftP , RJFR s J '® !a RIR! CRC*( RTRT R p E IA
RTRT R IP fA S C < M CRRT R*CR A ATRCRR R R P ’TfTR S'W L'q. ^ R T 5 f R T p A I ^ H r CR

?RTRTR '6||Ct? A R ? ^ R < !* < I ^ < J îWR RCR CR RTRCR -SIICA A IR R C p^TA A R * p R CR
6 |fA ^ R jfC ^ R R ip 'S ) '’ j1% R R IR I
CRTRl FTRC R Rp RTRR R l p A l ’ j f t R WRT ^ R § P 5C R A rT C A l R A * T A R ^ R RCR
ATCRR ATTAR p R T 2TRRC*1R >5RT A J T R p T - p R 5# ! R R R C ^, R5RCRT R R ^ fR R5RCRT ^ f R
R R"R CR ATCRR <P4'>iJRTRT ^R3RTCW1 R p R A 5CR p TCRC?, '6IT& CRRR ?iR?l Q ^ R R R T ^ t R ?
R T O R R , ^SfT^ R R R ® fRRTCRR SKRTCR % R T ' Q e j p ^ l oTRTR CRC*TR ^RRTRTRRCR5
R5CR A c te 'S F IR I
<N
■^tc^Hrr 3?I'S1r r Îca ^TTC^ :
CRCR'R RC*TR (5TR5 C*TTCRT ^ ■QC^T 'Q'C^T RTfeRTR
■A? CR=T( R p RTCRT CAT nrfRC?! RT^C^T ? ^ T RT ^TTR I
ATTRRT R p T :
CRC*TR 'oTRTR (SIR5 C*TTCRT ^ C ^ ;$ ^ CT RT'S^TTR
' i l ? CR^TI R p 'RCRT CAT “R i P cr RT ^ C ? l A ^ T RT ATTRI
vJl? % f5 RT%AT fRRTCRR R ^C R ^tf®CR “R # ^ AR^R CRR RT^R RT ?TRTR I CR

CRR RT ATCR CR If^R <F<1W Al<5 RR ATTRTR ACR CRA I R lp A ) 4fl|R -pW W
RTRCR ? ? § % CR^ ^*# 5 1 AflRTR | ARCA AJTC^ A J » R -p ^R RR cfT-R R pM R CRRATR,
A^STR CRTRT-RR’ CRR R? I A fR CR R® fRRTR R5RCA R l^ ATR RMRR5TT îjC A RT C^CA
CR % lR R T jH R5RCA CATRTR % R ^R ^ cRRCR RT I ?RTR CR*1 CR RR5R ARsiRR ?RllR
RATAT iRRTR RSCR P><lCRl^l, R if), R l^ , TRRTCRR ^ R PCRp«T CR?R^R A jR A
R*^CR ATTR*T RTRCR ‘^R -R Tp- «ICR AR5 Â R RATAT RARTR I ?RTR ATTRf) AR? RRR^l
TRplCR ATR R T pA ] Re’ ^p fA RCA%T, A f t ATTRfl, RTS«TI W T ^ t R^’^ fA , 5 ^ ,
??fRpT iRpTCR RTT<1R5AR AR? R^R RTpAJ R ? ^ ( a R5RCR I
RIRT '0dC'*Tl=iH(C3 P I P fR JR 'S f 'M ,
? R R 3C R R R T R R # P I P t« R W 5 ft^ flR R , R IT R fftR R ^ T R sft P IT O P I P lR 3 ft? S R
CRCRCS, ‘ ^ R T S f f t r R ^PPgC R R R R R I PTCR P IP I P I P f « C R lR C R P f l S 5!, P I T jR R 5
?R S T T P JR ? f o '31R F % ! R R P T CRRCRT R 3 T R T R R ?C R R T I R I R F f R 3R , R T * !^
P P R R *k R < P F R R ?? ftfW P 5 ftlC R C ^ R R I P S 'S ft^ T R *R f RRC5 , R l? RC=T
? ? ft% R T R R S r lfR RTR f t I R TR R FT Ef R R < P l R ) P I ’ ffR R T R R f T # R R # * R T S fC R fM
R tR I^ R p i R ftR IR R ft ^ R s IR R R C W c R C R R T 3 P 1 R IT ’ f f R f t 5 ? ‘ R T M I R R R C R 'S
P $ 1 R lR c T T R ? I
RTRCRT3 R R T R R T «*T T R T R T R P I ft^ IR T R T 2 R R R R 5C R f t p f R # R f t f F C R i P I T JP T
# R T f ^ jR T 2 R 5I R n R i% R P fftp T R , R T R f R 3 CRs C ^ S RRR R T «?T T RTRTR P I
RRCFRRTR 3 p H ft= T R R R R H R ( 2JR R R R W ) R R T ® ' P l f tC R 5 5R R R SR P5
R R f t , R R ? R fte R T R RRTRR ^ R S P f f t RR RPR ^ SlC R 5 T O ^ C R »1 R R W R lR ,
ftC a r tM ic i RTR, R R 1?. F C H l’ ITRTTC RR 3 I C R RT^RT P o IM R 5R C R ? C « lR = 1 1 R IT ® R R R
R ? 9 C3 R R 5^ ! PTTCR5 R C «1 P f C R C l , R R ? R T 8 R I R l f t p S T R R R R f t ^ R p R R f '^ f t l R (R R ?
P I?C 5 ? P I RTR R R ^ R T S S )C t> ? f R C R R T <3 R R ) R lT C « ffF * T I R R '5 1 R M f t P R 3®! P T I R 5
ft# ftR R p fR C R R R T I
R IT R T R R R RT® c = il< ? c < p R R f t 55* ^ R « T R [ R R R R R T 'S = T f P $ ^ R p l R R ?” ^ fR RRCRi
'Q|ICe 1 lt ) R I R 5R P S R F J C R T R e r l f t c < J R R F P S R T C R R R R R PH RP5 R R R ^Pf ftp R T % R 3 PT
PI RR CsTIR5 'S f C R 5 R T l P f t f t R 5R I R R 3 l P $ R JIR f t 5 .R P R 3 ? ^ R R f RC^T ^ j R
■?1R C R R R T R ?
2(RRR? <C«1 R1RT 'sit’Rl PI, RRRICR RTTRIPTR PtC*I PI P w R R if s S J F # $ RfTC^

RTR RPT 'BTIRICRR ’ fftR5«RRTR PfRR RRilRR CRRPT1 R flR l? RP5 mCR RI I S ’ ff^S
PfRPS “RI?, ? « R W FIR R'sRR R P 5S RTRTRR ÎR FTOR? ÎIRft RT R ? " f f R PlRPS
“RTCR RT I RRP5? RRR R p! ^ RTRRRM RIRT ftPRIR RIT©CRSR PTCRR FTR P 3 % R
RRfPRf 3CR RRR ^ S cT fR I P R RT RTCRR PI ÎRPfR RITWfR gi'&PlUtRR
R*l# S4ICRR? RR 3CR t R^PTPSS ISijR WRT RTffR5 RPRTR^ RTRRR I RR51^ ReTPT
FfRR RI PI ’ Ilft'SlHR RSPTPS ‘R TR #n ^RftlR R f’^ f R ’ R1RR5 ^R5 ftc*IR PlRRR^
RRfPH ^ R I PUR5! ? “Rftl, fFRRScTT, R f t R PI RRSR RRspTR? RCRR ftRR (CRRCRT
??CR^ RT RTfRR RRR RW RTPTR 3R?R1 R5CR RRR CRRCRT PSI RTWRTO
^RRTRICRR RP1 ftwCR5 PI R R CRCR5 R5CRR RI, RfftRTCRR CRTCRR 2 f[? ^
‘RT'SRT R^CRi RSRl ^SC«T CRRCRT R I « # W fR R C R 5 ‘ R ^ R I R RCR RRpIR 3CR
CRI PrPlft ; RIRft^RIR PITRR ^ *# C R Wft 'SJTCRR, >StR PlRT RTOTM ^5pS^T?,# C R ,
R I? RCR vSRSRI RRCRT ^JCR « f t f t PI RRRM ^ p R CFCR RR ftRRRR) ftR5 PSRft
RIRI >SR? # 3 R T f t ^ ^ R R R R ^RCRR? ÎRTR ’ TRR I PIRR WTR ? ft'3 IR , RJ>#tR ,
RRTWR^ ^RRT RflR^-RRR # R lftRI RIRTRR RSRCR RTCRR RIRT 3CR ^ ( R 21%
RRCRI^T f tp s 3CR I CR#RRIÎ RTSTtRlR^ 'SR? C<t#R RpiRCR WICRRRMT RRRT iS?RR
ftRCRR RCR R R #RCR RJRS5 RTR5CRR RC«i 5^<! RC^ RfCRR RCRt ’ fftFR 3PR I RT?T
RIRI RTI’ fTCR RTRTRIRR PIR1?) RTRI 3RCRI <PSlf)cR ^ R T R IR RR^Rl f t p s 3CR >SR?
0 0 8
cneM j cn ‘^ f i n r ?m cni?i ^ mm nmc® ^cn rnin 'i>iReiibHi sw c^n cwimin fe m ?

>iR'as<5 <pc?ife i
cmCS?) b l4 ? l n~nCWi n^Sn], C<lt^T*S ^ f e f e n 5 -oil *llfex3H CiTCm ??l<lier
m ^ m n m n e n c n fe n m g i f t ^ w n n cn s rm rn b r m f i m n e n , * j n -
<1lfe '5 IR n< ) C^lim fe m C n ? £)<PlC<l? C Û S bl<P<H m<R<l I ^ n ? vgm m C®I Cm^j o |-? lm ln
m n c< H m cn <p= im i® i n e fe ie m 'o n n n i o i i n ^ - m i ^ T n o » ® ? i f e n
n e w *jn5> ' * i i ( ^ ^gn? u im i i r n i j f n i jM c n n f e m n f e n ' s m<p<i f e ^ m s i f e l in w ftn cn

s m n m ^ m ra new ^ s n m c m itn i c n ? i m w s ? s r fm w fe m m -sn n m $ m n
c m n ? R » ^ <g f i n c n 'w im fe ? ? n r n m n w cm icm y e n r w n c n ? i ^ s e u m ? ^ t m r n men

f e n e w n c n , n m m 'S in ^ c m ? n r « i # n s m r r n m f e m s m e fr® - m m e n i w n?
^ f3 < m n i? cnen fe w * cn mmm sn«m fa n e m ^ ■ n fo n * iT fm e ? fe
I f e o i n M f e w n n e w a f e e m f e m i m n e m m n n m i m re n n 4 ? m e n c n ^ n f e * p m s n
m fe w m s p f s i m e n m -a n lm * ii n i c ‘t n m r f f e i - m i f e r f f l n n n § ife m ^
g fe n c n n c n t m f i w m ’ t n r f e s m n e m m e n n i n m n n rn rm e n n n r n ‘ fe m e m n m m n , ’
‘rnnferenn’ fe n cmrn w w -^ -'sn in w n n^n^m ?
vg mmen* 'SirmmID mm neî m m « i *tm?iln <gn? m^wm cne*i? mmft f e n
mm mrî-m riS *[n-m # l Lnm m -m fesrs, fe n m m , f in - n f e ^ , ’jt c - f® ^ m n n
mm cn-cmg n ^ * f # cn ewe*! bim ft mm cmrn, mienn n^TR -s menm mn i
nERrwrn9! m w^t fen * i mfn msmenn fe n 51m fe ^ in êne^ n ra >gm n^n — mem?
mnem m ? mSmenn crniem ennem n® n n m iii n^sfefi cmnsfi c ^ s f e n nm m
mrr?ra nsnra ^nr ^nfin ?cn n w i cn»i n ^ * n ^ t ^cn n fe c^nn5 fen»i nrn, ^
^nnra bi^Sin w ? ? cnc»rn c s^ c n ? cnnc^s,^ , cn n«,nn cn® -nrn ra «tc«t[ ^n
cn ne,nr?i * rj? i npnn bin^cnn w nr w r a ’ few m n i ^ n fe n ^ fe ? j'8 binsîn
sj»i?nT n^cn sptem n^cnr^ nm nr n ife w m i tn ^n n cn»( c w g m errs
nnnre *ni asrnns'enn nsn ^ “n n w n ^ n ? n n w ^ n^fenRn i ^nenr nm n sn lw in
fe m fe w n nrw ^rmr f e ^ ^rS in fe ® n n in n tfi ^n=m in nm^rennr i
fe m fe rt n m ? nrtcn «nn, br^cn i ^srenn ^genn cn^ cn ^tnr nnrênn
nc?f c’ fcn mi
^ ■ '’nfesTcnn ® r M fe cn n*=ncî fe r n nsnra n n n ^ s c n m 'gn^T «n«<Fgn? ^srin ^cm c^ w S in csifn fe m
■ 'u fe sR fe n 5 fe n ^n «iîn mm fe « i cmmcn \
îrnStn ^Sfnm n ^ n ? m fe ^ rm ^ rs i? ^m fe rn , mm ^g * !(M iM in
>gm ‘n fe’ «5n? ‘fe ® ’ m rr? cn cn mrmrtbm ^fem cm n in n n n ^ m ^ tn mfem
esnfeenn 'sfenrm ^tn fe fe n ^m m fecnc^ i oim ni mfem cw nfen w ifem ,
«rmm nm fe fe cn «i'bi^?i «n^rcn, mmn cn5i nm m fe c i « n « i« tctt mm
m i m w rn nm nr®bi c^micm ‘^ ® cn?’ nmmi mm « n nrn m, nnm «m cncn
fem<3 ^ “n fe cn? n in new new miem îrnienr ^n i m i? nnemm nwim? mm mm i
'OT?T '3dC'*TI'=1H<! trRlel'Ta
C?5 fta i, C?5 *RF W ft5 «I?T ? §*t<ft ft w t ? 5T? ? ''BTIwft?5!, W *, ?F*1,
'S rftlH , 5 ® lP lS R fJ*C ^ I ' i ' l i w f t ? 5! TFP? ^ ? ® s P t ^^Jft ? M f t 5 â?5? «l<1la?5 ? ? * t f t ? sw ? f t ? 5^ w s ife w r a
jiw s w w i ■ s n ftft ’ r f t R t i ? f t S ^ a ? n w ? i ? 5t w ? i w w ? * n 3 3 , <3sra?i

? f t 5?ftftt g*«t r < ra i ^ t ? cs'rasi ^ n w ft? ? w c?5 f t f e r ^w ? r ? , 4 3 ? <r«i
*£H>lf5d<i f t 5? *ll!llW » ? 5* f R ? 5d? ftlW ! ( W S l^ C c f t f t 5 ifilC -^S W l? 5 ’S J F ^ R I
?■$?? ?rt? ? w i? ‘’fR ^ i csw 5<ftl'» f*f*tF$ c«tw ? it? ?

w ra c ? ^ w ft csi W 5 i ra w w fft? ?t i ^ w f t ? ? ? i* r 5 ? w t ^ ?
ft<Fw ; ^ f e s i ? st® ft * r r e f e w m w êftftr ?<?53 i ^ rftft* iw w ? ^ f ^ s r i
5?ftftf, ^ f t ?wt w ft 5 5 ? w w r f e w ; ^ f t ? ’ i*re>otf ^ r f e f e i w ? 4 ? * ^
eTOel ^ F 5 R 5 F S ? W S I f l % 5 ^rjPbcVI W M T W ? ? H , * llc s s 3l't=1 ^ T S fl % dsc® <5 ?T O T?
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^ 5 ? ( 3 ) ’ f tft- 'S IK ? , (a ) W W W ? f e 5 , f t ? f t j S (^^W TI ^551 't>ll<ft] « R T -'» lf)
ft* i?, t jf e , w r c w f e , ^r ir f i'6 ? ra w ) i
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c? ^ r a f t 5 w f e w ■ s n w ra w r a ? 309i% ? w ■®nw i 'S i? (3 ^? ^ ^ f w i r a r w
:5 T l f f t * I I ,* jf t l vil?? ^ W > l5 c is *I2 F 5 T ? I ■5TW W S)«1 '^l*i ^ P R R I ^ W 5 ^ f t ?
$ jc s ?rra ,,j i ^ ^ i ? £ | ? r <5k ci ^ 5 w 5 ? w Ji ' 5 i ^ k ^ k 'sid?T f t ? 5 f t ? 5 ? w ?

ftp f 1 '5]T?? ^ l ‘5J? ’ f t S fd F ll ? T ^ >1<PCei5 W IW ? C? ^ , T 5 ^ ? ® ? 3 w n ?
■5JJS(J ’ fSRTSJ ^W C’ fW ^f*f ftw ? Co\SS 5 ^ ftw ? S l'B rjP l’ W l ‘ft 5 'Tift W R T^TfW ’
f e r w i 7ra ? , i? ^c? i
w ^ w fe 5 T ? ? m T O (5 ^ ? rfe c?n?5’ i?snT ^ is r g ?w ) « r ? i,
c ? « rfe n w ijt f t , cbi?5K ?ii'» ift5? i? ^ ^ n ?p feiT ?i w ? ? 5, ? 5PTR»ni

iffi 5 $ n f t i ^ tw r? 5 m w 5 ? f t w ? ??w 5 t ? j i w w r» r? ^ 5 ^? *t
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m ? =n (« t?t w«n ? i? w ^ 5 r a i ? ^ 5 ? 5r f e ) ^**15 3 w w i% s ? ^ r s is f t
STTdSt W?3 ^ 5 1 vfj^rs<?n ?s?WT ?WI f t W ^T?I IF IW l? ^ W 5TOW, W f t f t
■ ^ ^ ? I3 « ? WTfT? f t I ^W i W'StW ftw i f t f r t ^ f e f , 'il? ? ftG siK
W RWR W 'J fft'S W fS « f t ^ S K T S ? 5T f W d?5 d?5R >II^ I? J 9 ff 3 ? I
?rc? *n i
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■W SI 5 ft, f e - m f t S R M R 3 ; ? 5M ??Td? C ^fR IW 5? ’ W S J F f t , W ^ 3 -? n ? ^ T
’ r a T ; “? ? « ? p R ? » ’ W ST 5 f t , C%55 C ^ S ? ft § ? d ? T ; W ? ?
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mme® mme*! ^jfent ?en, f e ^ cmmm m ss cmrmenn m enn ® m i rnrnn fe m n

? f e feenrn cmn> cmc«ii,- ® i y i ? y n e ^ i
^m r nr ffe fe mm fe fe n i stemrem nw rn men nrn? nmnw; ?en
n pjn Jim ? wfe, Jim ? ®ime*fe fe rn rnrnrnn ? n ® n n ? mrem nem ^m r i ®mm fe rn
f e n ^feni neme^n, femn sjemim m m ®nmn ®nm i f e n mrm— n n ® ra n nn
m p R ®nm i fe ft? fe n n m m mm Jim ? ^m n fem n f e n m rsjstm rc mm ® n n ?
^j? ? n ^ w w n n fe ® i nnm fe m m? nfe Jim nnen fern ? n mm femn mra Jim
mmra cnnem mmis, mrcmmT i cn n g feng; n fe ® stmm rnne® mwrn i
* [ ? ® rnfm n fem rnR cm m rm i mrmn Tnfei?! nm ra men, fm * m n Jim
mrwe*m m fe fe n nfenfer® rn m m m ra m nm m nm n me?n m 'im ngg i S 'nfa®
rnm m J )? fc ^ mne® fe n , fe -fe m m T e n n fe m ^ r n rg ^ nfe mm mem
sim em ?n mm w®m ® ? ^ r n im W ft nm fe n fe m ^m m m c^ren fe -fe rn n rm e m
crnnn rnnra c b ti m nm —; j i fe fe n mpsyg wimrfnm, mm w m ^ m m rm ifem cnm
fe n mr® cn? Jin? mc=i w rm n m n Jim fen fecm ? men m fe n m im ^ in mem Jim fen
fe fe w ?en m m i n e fe crnlfanj cnnn crnnenn mran we® m m , rnmrn cm tfenj'3 fern
cn? nm n crnnnm?! spn^m n m m cnn i ®rfe Jim fe fe w ? fen : ® fe f îm m
•®m^ mrmn nmsm m w w mnm i ® fefn ^mmTn nfe mmenn nferm rs feemn
ne5 1 ® «.ne^s m*m m m mre? rnrmn ® *b s fe rm ra few m mnm n fem m i
m m nnm t ?\enwenn new cmg fe rn ®feem mnm i mnmenn mie? j i m®ms
fememn mm , nfem m few m <5®cnn femew; ?f®T nren cmr m ifm n wen n m i i cn
mmnewn c®®n feen ?n=im a n n nsfm m ■5e=m mrm m ^fe ; rnnremi ?
m i? mrmenn nfenn feemm, f e <3 m fen fem nsm cnn rnnem n ? 5 n mwe*fn
m^jesmnm v^mr ^jem mrmwi ? n 1 9p n ? fem nn menfe, 'ssfen cn rniwe*fn
n%H mnenn 1 ®rmrn s s r m rfesm i rnmpm fm ^ mm cnenn 'Q fenn ên menfe
mm n^ge^ nemfe, fen ?nm m ne^m, cn m ife nm <iieBn fe n -'jg fe n cnm
mm 1^m n fe fe s in nfe m ? m nfe -mnen nm cn mrenn n@ fe fe fefem ?m mm
nwnem fe n , 'js ’êm cnm mm, mrssem ® rn mn m m , Jim mnm ‘ n i?e i’cm
(mrsTm oiimn cm) ‘ wfe’ (mpoin m m , mi^c«i mm m n cn?, rnmm c n ? i
^rnn siicn gnmS s ffe fe ® y n mini cn ^m rê® n fe rfe ® y n cn ■’p i few ^ n r a
« n cn?i
cn ? n?rn ®nwe*fn feem rnnem m m nem ^ nnm mfemr 1 cn ^ r f in
m fem i m ^ o im f%w m m cmm '»m ic® cm5 mnem fefen mne® m m fe 1 '®ngecm
m ^® im Semwn men w n nij mnem? fefera nt® m m m 1
^ m n °fe m m sm r 1 ^ n ^ nn 1 ®icmn inn 1*1 n in n i n f e i nw fen 1
fe m ^ in fe n ? ®rm fen ?® fencnn m ® cn?, ®rm fen ?S fe n n fe n ? ?e?i
fem ^renn m ® cn? 1® ® n m ? nm w ®egn fefeie® fesm n c?im, j i? oimic^n sim n
mrm 1?emenre’ ra m psnfem cnem mrnnr im cmtem i» w g^n mnn m ?
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^ '5TRFT5 ^ 3* tr ^
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C M îqRIWS 'Rl I-
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N ation al A r c h iv e s , o f B an g lad esh Bundle-96, July, 1953,
P roceedings N o. 244-47.
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Copy forwarded by the Secretary,

Student union, Barhal Eahia high school
Copy to
1) Chief Secretary, East Bengal for Information and Necessary Action.
2 ) Premier, East Bengal for Do
3) Education Minister, East Bengal Do
4) D. P. I. East Bengal for Information and Publication.
5) Editor, The Azad, Dacca for Information on and Publication
6 ) Editor, The Sangbad, Dacca Do
7) Editor, The Nowbelal, Sylhet Do
8 ) Secretary, E.p, M, S , F, For Information
9) Head Master, Barhal Eahia High school Do
Rafiqul Haque choudhury

Secretary,
Students Union
Barahal High School
Government o f East Pakistan, B-Proceeding,
May, 1952, Police department, No 535.
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Political Department, Branch-Home, Bundle No. 92, May, 1954, Procee
dings No. 232-40.
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Sir,
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C o llectio n N o. X X X V -10, 1957.
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C irc u la r se n t to th e U n iv e rsity o f D a cca , D -R e g is te r , D acca

U niv ersity R oom , Bundle N o. 287, File N o. 423A , 1975.

Vhasha Andoloner DolilPtro

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