STATISTICS

STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES TO COMPARE GRUOPS

Typical assumptions of parametric statistics

Normality : data have a normal distribution (or at least is symmetric)

Homogeneity of variances: data from multiple groups have the same variance.

Linearity: data have a linear relationship

Independence: data are independent

T-test

Independent-samples t-test used when you want to compare the mean scores of two different groups of
people or conditions.

Paired – samples t-test used when you want to compare the mean scores for the same group of people on
two different occasions, or you have matched pairs.

Given the scores if two groups on the same test

A B

26 38

24 26

18 24

17 24

20 2

18

RESEARCH QUESTION : Is There a significant difference in the mean score of the two groups?

What do we need: one categorical independent variable (group A and B): and one continuous, dependent
variables (scores)

Non-parametric alternative Mann-Whitney U

One way analysis of variance Kruskal wallis

Two way analysis of variance

8/17/19

Measures of relationship

Pearson’s r ----------------- Parametric

Spearman rho ----- ----------non-parametric

2 continuous data – there is two values

Research question

If two - Is there a significant relation between no. of persons eaten and test scores.

Alpha level = .05 negative – no form

Ho (hypothesis) - there is no significant relationship bet…

Table :

Sig. rel. bet. No. of persons eaten and test scores

If three - is there a significant relationship among ----

Research question

Possible statistical test formulate statement of the problem

1 descriptive question

2 Inferential question

Compute

Construct your table

Analyse and interpret

9/14/19

9/28/19

2 independent variables –cause – prediction

1 dependent variable- effect – criterion

Research questions:

1 is there a significance dif in the score of the students as to the 3 teacher

2 is there a sig dif in the score of the student as to the text used.

3. is the interaction present

Sig diff existed in the score of the students in the teacher , fig. 29.87 p=0

No sig there is an interaction ff.

Multiple comparison showed that the score of the student in teacher 2 is significantly higher than in teacher
1 and teacher 3,
Analyse _ lenear – regression = click

Rlationship

Ra ; is there a relation bet x and y

Correlation matrix

r------------------------------------------------------------------sig

-931 .00

P < .05

Interpretation

Asig relation existed bet score x and y r = .931 , p = .000 p< .05

Leniar req

RQ, is x a prediction of y

Prediction of y

10/5/19

Steps…

Analyse – gen lenear model – gen measures design – repeated measures define factors – erase factor 1 >type
hours_of_ music number of level 3 – click add - define

Soc 1.3 – model custom

Repeated measures

Repeated measures model

Interprete 1st part

The multivariate test represents the four f test the Pillai’s Trace, Wilks Lambda, Hotellings Trace and Roys
largest root yields the same F-ratio of 5.540 and an Alpha level of .014 less than .p5. indicated that there is a
significant overall effect of listening to the music on anti-social attitude, this means that anti-social attitude
changed significantly across the three times they were measured.

Multivariate test*
Reliability…..

Analyse > scale . >reliability…> enter soc 1 to 3 …> click > statistics > ok .

10/19/19

Ancova one way

Initial height