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  • 7 April Lecture

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    Muhammad Afzal
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    1) The limit of (1 + n)^1/n as n approaches 0 is e, where e is approximately 2.718. 2) Several examples are provided to illustrate calculating limits of functions as variables approach certain values. For example, the limit of (1 + x)^2/x as x approaches 0 is e^2. 3) For a function f(x) to be continuous at a point c, the left-hand limit and right-hand limit of f(x) as x approaches c must both exist and be equal. Examples are provided to demonstrate continuity and discontinuity.

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    1) The limit of (1 + n)^1/n as n approaches 0 is e, where e is approximately 2.718. 2) Several examples are provided to illustrate calculating limits of functions as variables approach certain values. For example, the limit of (1 + x)^2/x as x approaches 0 is e^2. 3) For a function f(x) to be continuous at a point c, the left-hand limit and right-hand limit of f(x) as x approaches c must both exist and be equal. Examples are provided to demonstrate continuity and discontinuity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views2 pages

    7 April Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Afzal
    1) The limit of (1 + n)^1/n as n approaches 0 is e, where e is approximately 2.718. 2) Several examples are provided to illustrate calculating limits of functions as variables approach certain values. For example, the limit of (1 + x)^2/x as x approaches 0 is e^2. 3) For a function f(x) to be continuous at a point c, the left-hand limit and right-hand limit of f(x) as x approaches c must both exist and be equal. Examples are provided to demonstrate continuity and discontinuity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Limit

    1
    Lim (1 + n) n = e
    n→0
    e=2.78187
    1 n
    Lim 1 + n  = e
    n→∞
    examples:
    1 1 2 1 2 2
    1- Lim(1 + 2 x) x = Lim (1 + 2 x) 2 x  = Lim (1 + 2 x) 2 x = e2 Lim x2 = 22 = Lim x = 22
    x→0 x→0 x→0 x→2 x→2
    1 1
    1 1 1 1
    2
    2- Lim (1 + s) 2 s = Lim (1 + s) s  2 = Lim (1 + s) s = e2 = e
    s→0 s→0 s→0
    1
    1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
    x x x 4
    3- Lim (2 + x) 2 x = Lim 2 2 x 1 + 2  2 x = Lim 2 2 x *Lim 1 + 2  2 x = 2 2 (0) * Lim1 + 2  x = 2∞ *e 4 = ∞ *e 4 = ∞
    x→0 x→0 x→0 x→0 x→0

    Lim f (t) g(t) = Lim f (t) Lim g(t)


    t→0 t→0 t→0
    2 2x 2 2 2*2
    x
    2
    x 4
    4- Lim 1 + x
     = Lim 1 + x
      = Lim 1 + x  2 = e4
    x→∞ x→∞ x→∞
    5-
    t t 8
    1 2 t 1 8 t 1 8 *8 1 8 1 1
    Lim  4 + t  = Lim t 1 + t  = Lim * Lim 1 + t  8 = Lim * Lim 1 + t  8 = 4∞
    *e8 = *e8 = 0*e8 = 0
    t→∞ 4 t→∞ 4 t→∞ 4
    t t ∞
    t→∞ t→∞ t→∞
    sth
     ∞ = 0
    9
    2r 3 2r 9 2
    3 3r 3 *3* 2 3 2
    6- Lim 1 + 2r
     = Lim 1 + 2r
     3 = Lim1 + 2r
     3 = e2 (not e 3 )
    r→∞ r→∞ r→∞

    Continuity of Limit
    let a function f(x), f(x) is continues at a point ‘c’ if and only if the limit from both sided (LHS n RHS) of the
    function f(x) exists.
    examples:
    x2 -16
    1- Show that the function f (x) = x-4
    is continues at x = 4.
    solution:
    we know that the function is continues at x = 4 if and only if
    Lim f (x) = Lim f (x)
    x→4- x→4+
    so
    x2 -16 (x-4)*(x+4)
    Lim f (x) = Lim x-4
    = Lim x-4
    = Lim x + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8
    x→4- x→4- x→4- x→4-
    x2 -16 (x-4) (x+4)
    Lim f (x) = Lim x-4 = Lim x-4 = Lim x + 4 = 4 + 4 = 8
    x→4 + x→4 + x→4 + x→4+
    since left hand limit = right hand limit therefore the f (x) is continues at x = 4.
    Absolute Value function:
    x , x≥0
    f (x) = x = e.g. 3 = 3, -3 = -(-3) = 3
    -x , x < 0

    2- Show that the function f (x) = x is discontinues at x = -3.


    solution:
    x , x≥0
    we know that: f (x) = x =
    -x , x < 0
    2

    Lim f (x) ≠ Lim f (x) then f (x) is not continues.


    x→-3- x→-3+
    Lim f (x) = Lim - x = -(-3) = 3
    x→-3- x→-3-
    Lim f (x) = Lim x = -3
    x→-3+ x→-3+
    since Lim f (x) ≠ Lim f (x) therefore the f(x) is discontinues at x=-3.
    x→-3- x→-3+
    2
    x +a , x≥1
    3- f (x) = is continues at x = 1 then find the value of a?
    x+3 , x<1

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