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    Cyanamid booklet on copper leaching in cyanide solution.

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    Booth 1965(Cyanidation Studies - Recovery of Cu by Cyanidation)

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    Cyanamid booklet on copper leaching in cyanide solution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    67 views30 pages

    Booth 1965 (Cyanidation Studies - Recovery of Cu by Cyanidation)

    Uploaded by

    lakefield
    Cyanamid booklet on copper leaching in cyanide solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Draw He CYANIDATION STUDIES: RECOVERY OF COPPER BY CYANIDATION GEORGE W. LOWER, Senior Research Chemist ROBERT B. BOOTH, Honoger AMERICAN CYANAMID COMPANY ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS CCrANIDES USED ANALYTICAL METHODS Five CyInide sees eesseesesecseesatersetecseres Cyanide by Disiletion 22222221. Ha yaniée Consumption in Leaching Cyanide Consunption ab Percy snide 5 nh COPPER PRECIPITATION ~ CYANIDE RECOVERY METHODS CVANIDATION OF COPPER MINERALS Cyenlde Complexes of Coppet vee eeeeeeeeee Ceprous Copper Minerals» En : Cepiic Copper Minerals... ete ceeveeeuee TBlocyenate Formation Renee Da Fesrocymide Foration : Solubility of Copper Minera in Cyanide... Teesching Tests on Capper inerale fect of Cyanide Ratio on Copper Extraction from Chalewste, ‘ate of Solution of Copper fom Copper Minerals and Flotation “Tallings in Cyanide : evicent of Copper Content of Prognont Solutions. cee (COPPER PRECIPITATION : ifet of pH on Copper Proeptaton Copper Contant of Precipitates : Reduction of Sulfide Requlreneats DISTRIBUTION - CONSUMPTION OF CYANIDE IN CY ANIDATION — PRECIPITATION OPERATIONS CYANIDE REGENERATION ~ RECOVERY : 3 Labortory Stipping with Alte PreplotStpping Tests : CTANIDATION OF COPPER BEARING PRODUCTS... , RAPID CYANIDE LEACHING IN COPPER FLOTATION... SUMMARY peeeereeeety . BIBLIOGRAPHY ee , Page No. 2 2 B 1% 3 » 2 23 2 2% “The use of cjanides in the extraction of gold and ver is wellknown. Such extracions employ com entrtions of qanide ip the range of 0.02-0.25% sodium ene equtlent in aching oes 024-48 Thours and FequenlyTonger. Copper minerals, ven thoagh minor components of precious petal oes, lsote tn there cjnide leaching selatons, consume ejanide, case fling af ill sons, and thas {ater with he poeipotion and recovery of gold and er *"*"" “This paper presents 4 Summary of Ibontory iavesigntions on the use of jane solutions a extacats for copper from various copperbearing ore fractions. In view of te metal contents invlved, i wl be ‘pare ha larger quantiles of cpnie sov raged to exit copper han for he extraction of precious ‘Beals. 1a gaside soluions of concntations genenl farorable to cope exacon, slide and oxide ‘copper minerals were found to dissolve rapidly at room tenperatue and atmosphere presure. For x tuple, on products inthe flotation size range, the major portions (eg 63.85") ofthe extacublecoppee Feequendy dsoled in 210 minut At couse grinds, eg, 100% minus 8 mesh and 100% minus 10 sesh, 7585" ofthe tal copper was extracted in 30 mint, Inthe course oft imvetgnton, methods for recovering the dissolved copper and regeneration of ae swere developed. On addiion of acd to the pregnant sluions fom copper exten, theby-producs ‘teinidaton at ar quandive preiptats for copper. This ackiaion leo regenertes anise which ‘nay bestepped of for ele “This cynidtion-precpttion regeneration technique was spied on albomtory sae to a aie of coppte Dearing ore fons. In all cases, pid exection of suke and oxide copper was aban a eo0m ‘geraure dad stosphesc pressure. Prepon of eper fom the prapmntsoatons was enentaly Complete and recorery of cjnide by stripping muhods. was high This tchnsqe appears persue!) ‘pptabe for he recorey a he eoper content of ein and middling ection which feoquey ae Sat {to wane in current copper ecoveryopeaions. The copper coatentsofceran amen tage sso wae se sleto exci wilh niescltions. Thefellowing generalized Lowshoe wis used in ths Work Ga o Regeeated a gu sou ' SeraRson ! ordre Pret Slatin i ead | Nas04 REGENERATION » —~~———. oe ‘gui soup SEPARATION cooper Ste aren "coke Suton Coasurecty with the above nidation work, «study ofthe vpgtading of copper Sostion concentrate sss made, in whidh the abo findings nthe rapid rate of volubiliy of copper minerals wee ist 9- Pllable. Rougher Notion coneentnes, prepared by the Notton af eoper ore rom various lotions tere desined for seprnterellotaon ofthe sand an sine factions. Tae a88tion of anid in the ot tion circle apiy remored copper fle fom the pyrke components ofthe stad, rendered the pee ondlable i subvequent desning operations, and produced high rade copper conceerte. Te fine "ee range of the aimes (Le. copper free from pyrite) permite x sharp copperiron separation on eka ing thi postion ofthe rougher concentse andthe proveton of al concentrate of igh copper content (Combined sac and slime onsets of higher Rrageand wih higher copper rene, Were tus bined sas compared o corre! pen pace of rgrnding onion. CYANIDES USED ‘Tree wypes of cyanide were used inthis investigation: AERO™Brand Cyanide (American Cyanamid Come pany); hydrecanie acd (99% » American Cyanirid Company) and regent grade sodium cyanide. All fther chemicals used were pued ot reagent ade ‘Throughout dis inveigation, the eesuls of malta detemination for cane ar expressed in terms of soi cjnide equi. This practice is common in thease of eanide usage i geld welrgy and, sccordingly, hs ben followed in the preset work, ANALYTICAL METHODS FREE CYANIDE ree pide was determined by toaion wih svernitente wing potassium ole dio.” Incefesing slider ere romored by tesment with ead erbonate port tation." (CYANIDE BY DISTILLATION Cyanide athe -C ion and aml unde complexes sucha thot fiom and copper war determined by addition of hydrechorec ai, dation to emore the rnutngbydrocyni cd ito taps conan dl yee, aby eration wih sierra a ave (CYANIDE CONSUMPTION IN LEACHING Nor segeneratv by-products formed during lashing SCN’ CNT, NH, ee.) do not report as eid Ins deermination for cyl by the dslation meld descsibed above. Gnie consumed inthe forma tion of such byproduct is obliagd asthe diference berween the snide added at he str ofthe leaching ‘perton and te canidecontentoferealting pregnant solutions determined by the dsilsion method. (CYANIDE CONSUMPTION AS FERROCYANIDE. Ferrogantde, Fe (CN),", formed in leaching, eports as ede in x dteoination for pani by the (243 g, NHi/g Cu) as added ae conceited i gue armen mosphere pessure H,SO.: Inthe acd lnc, H,$0+ 9a added 10 give wn iil pH of 1.4, Aer hour of leaching th terial pl wat 2.9. Fe,($0s)s: Approximately 63 g Fes(S0Os )n/g. Cu are equled for complete oxidation of ‘Sule (Cas) according to the folloming xaion: GusS + 2FealS0,)s = 20.804 + FeSO, + 5 In ths ses, am excess of Fea( SO) (62 g Fey (SOx s/8. Cu) wa ee 1 Fes (SO+)s/ Cu) wat added NaCio,; About 0.35 g. CIOs /g. Caarerequtedto oxidize chalet according tothe following easton: 3.Gu2$ + 2 NoCIOs + 6HsSO, = 6 CuSDg + 95% + 2NACI + Had In one text, sight exces (036 g. NaClO«/g Cu) of oxiing agen was ) ded nd in the be et, olpaboutewo hieds of te sochiometrie quantiy (0.37 g, NaClO./g, Cu) wa aed, Rests of the above et are shown in Table 4 | TABLE 4 LEACHING WITH CYANIDE AND OTHER SOLVENTS, Teminal | Exyacion Leaching nent Quentiy Aled. Cotton Co ¥ XB, Gyenaet Big NOON waa S 79 | 4B. Cyendet 2969: NaC u've 5 ans i Nec 261 6 NOCN eae S 738 | HEN + cx0 26 6 NOEN coe : 730 Nay 2 § Nia E a \ 2504 1266 HiS0« 29 wor NOs 4 Feds0da | 125G¢ 50% + 652. FeSO» 1 ss , Ha801 + NeclOs 2506. HiSD4 + 0.38 9: NeCiOs 13 3u7 { sd. 4 NaCIOs 292. H:S0« + 0.57 @ NsCIOs 3 53 i FSO + NeciOs 1465: Hs804 + O20 g NeCIOs a me | ‘As shown above copper xracson (1sose) of 75 4 40% was aba wth nie a computed oon 547 with HaSO- plus oxidant, 105 win Hi SOs, and no extraction with moni ) i [ENRICHMENT OF COPPER CONTENT OF PREGNANT SOLUTIONS In the recycling of eynide gluons on fesh ore charges or la countercurrent aching, obvious fico te ‘be considered ae 1, Selby of copper complexes formed 2, Soli ofthe alta cyanide (eg. Cx(CN)s) 5. Camultv ton copper extestion of by-products (SCN Fe(CN}e ee) formed in anton, Prsiminay cjniiton tts om chalet (using Co(OH). plus HN) indice a high degree of solu fof bod the copper complex (108 g. ijller) and of eaciam cane (314 g. NaCN equ ur) in ae piegnant slutone ( Nore No emp! was made fo deemine maxims salutes in these tet) ‘The shorementonel tors were thon Lente by successively leaching 5 cargesoa orton cleaner laling (2% Gu) wil aance of the prgaant solutions on fre aing args alg wit dion ofthe ‘tured amount of cyanide peor to each leaching operason. Ea ach est was run for one hour st 440" solide on + 300,gram charge of the tings ta all raider copper eto of 3.06 by mixing the flings charge with he preceding peegnat soln, adding te reqtred amount of Ca(OFT}o, and then ding de pide sig HN (simulating retaen of rcoeced gun) ‘ath pregnat soliton wat septs from the cyaaidation reside by Hiation andthe residue washed with {small moun of wate. This primary washwas combined with he pregnant sluion. A supe ofthis sl ftion was semoned for aly and the remainder advance tothe next xeing operation on fees ae ‘ngs sample Ress of hee scene Teche ace shown in Table 5 LOCKED LEACHING TESTS ON CLEANER TAILINGS ‘each a ee Se | Pregoont g. Cur) Bs yy 73 ey 748 Pregnant. Fe/I. on 02 06 08 ose Progeant . NOSCNA 83 wa 23 25.) 266 Pregnant g NOCN eguivst. | 76.5 wy ve 2s7 ana Coe. Head & Co 3.96 a 408 4.09 394 Reside % Co bse 0 0365.58 Extraction © Co Bs wa oa nS oe Conte Consumpion = 0.33 g- MoCN/ar Cu entoctd As shown fs Table 5, sihough the concentration of pret ineeses progressively (e.g. 83.266 [NaScNued 0.21-06g, Fe per liter, there no reduction in copper exrion, Cyan consumption a frgnd0.3 grams NECN egualent per gran ofcopper extrted. Maximum coeentaions of 74.4 grime {Calis aod 234.3 gram NACN oqutalen/ver were obexined i the al peepant solaton “The toa sulfur (S°) content ofthe few nd AR progaotslutions was respectively 5.49 grams S*/liter sd 16.75 grime her, Theamiount of thi lf ering ss hocynate was 59.9% in the fis pregast 62.7» inthe i prgoant, The Dlane of herr (alll by dlleence) proebly exits mostly ‘Suid lon This incre in elieconcentaon oma 221 gra ler (at pregasnt 06.24 grams ite (Bs peegnat) also appeats to have no deleterious eet on copper extraction, ‘COPPER PRECIPITATION “The mchtniem forthe dsmchtion of copper rom sulfide copper miner in cane ctions i gen in Bguaons Tand Tl abore. Addition of vd to copperbearing pregaatsoltion erst thovecjuations tnd recipies copper as the sulde and zlases the crnide inthe copper comps, a shows in qu tions X and XI. Recovery ofthe janie wl be discussed ner in hs rape. 2NaxCuIEN}s + NexS + HaSOs = CusS + 6HCN + 302504 on 2CeCH(ON)s + CaS + 9Hs804 = CoS + EHEN + 3CeSO4 oy 1 asulicent sulfide ion (S) i pretey, ado of acd peeipates copper cyanide, CuCN, which rpee- Scots Toss of cjnide, In additon to the slide produced in qnidatin, other by predus,thoeanae (GSCN) and feroopnie (Fe(CN)e), prepa copper frm acd woutions, Thus, he portions of te tual cynide consumed inby;productformaton ae no! wasted, but ray be wld In reonering copper. Prcinioary investigations ofthe slideacldpeeipation echniguewere made on patie pregnant ole thon (10.0 @ Gufs 243 ge NaCNfL; n0'S" preset), Sodium sullde Na S-91,0) war aided to ghes ‘mole io of 0.6510 1-0 Gs, Asean ofthis pregnant rolution wih 96% HeSOs to pH bilow 3.8 ‘cule in quantiave recone of copper (699.9% Jinpreipates containing 76.5% Ca, Tnadaon, nkro- {ue analy ofthe copper preipsesobeined were om (quien to 0.005 Ib NACA. Cx) deat thst pricy ao cane was lat inthe precip as CACN, Acid rouiromeats were ofthe order of 2.6 5. In, He SOe/lb. Cu, Ald consumption wil depend on both he tot amount fend preset rad the mont of aline slide used ‘Ar desorbed abot, ulation of nition by-produas (8°, SCN; ae) suing from leaching 8 copper ‘aide oe shouldllow quantiatvecopper precipitation ithaddion of es than the tochiomarc amount of wile (eg. lar than 0.9 mole of S/mole Cu). To demonstrate stor, « pregaant slsion (7.9 af) wae grea by lang shlente(Ca> 8) Tle sluton wes then seid wi ule cl er ‘lon of NS to ge + moar rai of ad sud to copper of ony 0.25 to 1. Capper preiiutian was ‘quantiatne (699.9% ) and ene lst as CoCN inthe preipintion was aefigible (0.004 g. NACN/g. (Gay Thus, atleast 50% ofthe prvipane (5°) x produced daring detlution ofthe caloche: [EFFECT OF PH ON COPPER PRECIPITATION “The eff pit om copper preiption at reduced ade sulle level was stud using pregnant sl ‘tion (48.9 g Cu/L) prepared by leaching aitlon eaner ting (4% Ce) wh AERO Brand Oyende Suflet sale was ndded (0.22 g NAHS/g. Cu) to sie approximately 30% of the tor side needed TABLE 6 [EFFECT OF pil ON COPPER PRECI Copper Pros ea 6 49 40 cal 24 289 7 299. ‘As shown, copper precipi s complete (299.9% Jatand below « pH of 2.4. \ ! | to peetpte all ofthe cupper as Cu (the remainder ofthe reguied sulide beg formed Inthe cyanide: tion stp). Aliquots of the solution were then acililed (I open beakers to various pH levels wid 50° 1HS0.. Afr removal ofthe precipi, the barren solatons were anulyed for copper, Results are sown in Tabled. (COPPER CONTENT OF PRECIPITATES ‘The copper contet of the precipate depends upon the pe of cane nd alkali uted in aching snd the type of aid and suite astd in precpiation. Ar shown in the precipi rieon X above the ase of [RACN, Nis S (or NHS) and HsS0. thouldproducenent pure Gs (79%. Gaya ineas above this sytem ed precipi 076.5% Jn lime crust conpining calcium janie o ine, HCN, CS, end Ha80 (extlon XI bore), th ma um preipate grade obtainable i shout 28.8% Ox basse ofthe calcium sulfate foretion. mination of edctum sls is aeesny to produce precipitates o higher sade aku ate formation could be aide bythe us fan ai ther then are, One poss he te of rlfar doce (80, )as thea utc, us forming sail CASO, Prepon of oper ‘oma prgoan (100g Cul prepared by se of AEROF Sand Choi wi slide (Nae) td SOs produced pipe of 45.3% Co Homerer copper corey was only 92.98 Compaee a "opie with HO.) and eed os nthe pra war 0.17 grat NaN eqlsle ram Co. Tha incomplete copper prion apd eae los fo te prepare ro ration of SO. and ‘eto prover al, thus depen he slain of he prespang pst" ) ‘ale te ay be remove from preiptesby Notation methods in whlch the copper sue is Noted {3 a concent from the clcum sue afer teewey ofthe gan. Prespiste upgrading by fotion was omonsrted by peesitting fe copper (with NGHS and Hy, SOc) ftom prgnants produced by leching fearengee Hotton lange (0.67% Ca) with AERO Brand Cyanide, stripping he cane fom the acile flare by aeration in a Fagergren laboratory Dotion machine, and Boating te copper slide at pH oF 4.5.20 using £03 pound of AFROFLOAT ®3302 Promotestonas promoter and 0.03 pound af pine cite a rhe. Flotation ret re showa in Table 7 TABLET UPGRADING OF COPPER PRECIPITATES BY FLOTATION ‘Asser Contest Dictboton| ve oo i te Concentrate an 8 4384 92 Tailings W732 219 oom 28 Total 274 was 408 19.0 te? Concentrate 9.35 2.01 4369 Tailings nr 1.02 one Total wr 17.05 5071 i Tend Concentrate 5.0 2a 3.390 61 | Telling 1490 92 oo 39 | Total m7 v7.00 0 100.0 [REDUCTION OF SULFIDE REQUIREMENTS As discused above, oth thocyate (SCNT) and fereocyani¢e(Fe{CN) a5 well asl (S"), ae produced inthe eanidnen of copper oes. Copper sera nd ferrosyanie (CuSCN; CusFe(CN)e) 36 well as Cus8 are more lnsolble in th aeiedgunide slurry nn capper eye (CuCN). Conse ‘Fuel, hea ions, SCN a0 FCN), also sts copper preiants tdUnis edt the Quan of Side va Se added to propiate copper. To demonstrate the els of thse byproduct i the precipi ‘Son. operation, prepa solutions mere prepare! by leaching lion clemer ing (6% Cs) wit AEROP Brand Cyanke, The copper in these pregnant solutions was precited using He SO. and ‘arious amounts ef slide (CAS oF NHS) the ane wi ppl fom te sid slurs with nitrogen Sand recone in a alkaline np. "Tol janide consumplions Were deter the dference between Ina yense added and the eanide recovered in the exp The coppers thlocpe cone eed Darton alten vas slo dtemnied, Table suman the results dere es "The da i Table show shat unde constmption and cop ness in the barzen solutions ae low (ed elaively constant) bore the lO" lee At the 10% auld lee opps reenety decreases and yale consumption inerses, The hocanae content of the barren solution decree athe elie el decreases ad eaenally becomes nila we 0% elie rel, These fats how that an aon oss that 20% oft theoretical quate sulle wl ge quite copper recovery wthovt love of yd nthe recite, and that by-products of gynidationparspate in the preiptaon ofthe copper TABLES EFFECT OF SULFIGE ADDITION ON COPPER PRECIPITATION Cyoide = Contempt sfitrcs 204 tn Boren ‘ede raeeN wer a: No Ese Nats 0 276 0.003 176 ces 2 28 005 170 Nats 20 278 s.008| os cs % zat 2001 08 Nats 2 251 e005 204 ee B in ton 09 Nats 0 a2 oor 0.02 ces 0 ais aoe dat Noe ° ass 20 0.00 Nene ° ss 1080 00 a DISTRIBUTION-CONSUMPTION OF CYANIDE IN CYANIDATION— PRECIPITATION OPERATIONS ‘To determine the mechanism of cyanide consumption inthe cyanidaion-precptaton pros, tly was rade ofthe distibation ofthe origi cyanide (Le. nde atthe tat of lacng) among the varios sale ‘Hons and solid produc handled during such operations. Prgnaat solutions were ade by cyaiation af 2 loation leaner tang product (about 4.0% Cx) for 0.25 snd 1.0 hour followed by precipitation by fe adlion of sll ch nad sodium hydroslfide. Analyte determinations on the atious soltons, the rach resi, and dhe precipitate om thexe operations were fllons: Cappers On washings from leach reside, bierens fom peeipiation, leach residue snd Beal ‘copper precipi. (Gv On washings by dilation; on eid sheryFeom precipitation by eel sipping wide trogen into NaOH tap and diet ssation; on birens fom preiptation by irc teaion. doranl Taizyasate Washings, acres, nd precip Tas [Nimes Preipiate. Cyanide cones were then calculate by contetng thlocynnte, “SCN; t0 sodium cyanide equivalent 2nd tron to the sodium cele eutalent of fereapnide -Pe{CN)es. Total nitrogen analyes were conreed {0 radio cjnige equvalent. Taber 9 and 10 show the xsuting disibutions ofthe oigialy added “Sane smong the vious products obtained in the eaniston-precipliion operons ‘ynide balance these tts are yoo ager cones the aes of difxent anes cone ‘Suctal. (Ferroyinide is unstable in ald ad iron anajsce must be conducted immediatly). The resus Sf ihe wo teats niet ht the major source ofeyanigeconrumpeion x nthe formation of ferrocene ‘nt ioe both fons are nds nthe Barren soaton (rom preiption and also he al pre ‘iin. There i good agreement between the cyanide content ofthe precipita acalsted ees fom the ison and thiocyanate spares or by te tot nrogan deerrinaton, Overall aide eguremens forthe leaching precipitation operon ots wo te, determined) dry asthe ference between he eanide feily added and the sie recovered afer scidfiopreipiotioa or (2) fem the ion nd the dio ‘jnat seals, are given in Tobe 11 and aren good agreement. Both the hiognate and fersopinide by-product apparent ae formed inthe eaching operation, her than inthe preipitign sep, Non segenratne by-products other than toate (eat, atmmonly =.) also may be formed in leaching. For example, fan oxide copper otis leached, s probable that ae ‘hiccyanite is produced, Howeres, if an ore containing bot sulfide and ori copper is Ihe with ‘anit boh thloganate and cyanate would be formed a by produ. The distillation method provides = tei of deerining the cyanide consumed in the formation of soch by-products. Thu, a disilaion {ini determination and an ron determination oo aquots ofthe pregnant solution will allow dhe ese: tom of he ganide ensued in the combined leaching preipation operations. TABLED DISTRIBUTION OF CYANIDE (I-HOUR LEACH) Apc Rotor —2228:N2CN 509 5, charge 13804 ~ 3.5 p/p, Recovered Co ‘Cyanide Noch Boron Recovered (N2OM Trop) 23.20 Weeh Barron os Resiave Wosk o Pracipitte Barron (SCX) 1a Total Cu Boren (Fe(CN),~!) ox Cale, Heed Precipitte IN) 1a Total NaCN Recovered 2a Ini NaCN Added mo Fe ond SCN Diswibaon FeiCN)e Sox she o Maen Presipitte 0.58 0.76 O34 1230 076 (Cyanide in Pracipitate Nach Fe os (Fe(CNe) ~ 0.646 Preciptete Grade (5 Co) — 18.78 sen Coss a Nac : Total ia Totel Cyonide Required = 0.30" “oC By Nitvagen Feclysis” = 1.28 SAR eines neo arone Cyl as - TABLE 10 DISTRIBUTION OF CYANIDE (15MINUTE LEACH) 8 Rane 302B NEN 00 9. Charge oHS — 0.24 g./a, Recovered Co H,804 ~ 86 e/a, Recover Co Copper Disibaton Cyanide Diskbotion ee ‘Noch Bares 06s Recovered NeOH Trop) sas Wort 02 Baren 0.03 Residue 12350 Wash 0.05 0235 Boner (SON) ves 1s Boren (FolCNo~4) on 90% Pre Total NON Recovered Bat Initio NaN Added 3600 Fe and SON Distribution Folie say Fe Not Neen Precipiate on 0631 0.364 Boren ra 232 8 Tore st 983 5 Crone ig Peciitne ‘ect Cu Recovered — 87-4 Fe (oe FelCNs) = 0481 tote Grade (Ca) — 17.08 sen 2 tbe ol Cynide Required S:NREN _ o,25¢+ a ah By Niogon mye” LIZ TABLE TT ‘COMPARISON OF OVERALL CYANIDE REQUIREMENTS. Vous leoeh Scminat Leech sSWethig 8s Record Diver Fron Fe ond SC 032 ow 035, om ‘To check this sapliied snetiod of determining eynide consumption 15-mlnue leach st was conducted fn the same alg and under the sme conditions a summaries Table 10 and 11. Cane consump Hons were determined by asia fom ayes ofthe pregiant lio for crane by dstllaion and for ikon and are compared ith thoreobtalned by deer recovery ar shown in Table 12, The cane rule nt as determined by oth methods ate in good agrees. TABLE 12 (CYANIDE REQUIREMENT DETERNINATION Grone NaCN ~ Equivlent Fai, Sen Teta VW 0a 0.246 hue 12 ur 16 a.m 173 139 1st 0.99 os 123 12 123 ‘Cyanide consumption in the gjaniation and in the combined eankaion precipiaion operons was Further studied on tampler of senenger foaton talings of saying copper content (0.520.917. Cu). ‘These llings were more complex in copper mineralogy thn rmpler ached in preceling ent In dhe leaching ets (AERO® Brand Cand used on 500 gram samples for 1Sninutes) ganide consump tion was determined by dailionjnideanaysi ofthe pregantsluion. The iron conten ofthe pregnant snus convered to the NSCN equbnlene of Fe(CN), sand tis amount of ene aed othe een con- Sumption (nomreyeneratve byproducts) 36 determined by the distlton analysis ofthe pregrant. This ‘um represents the oa cyanide contami the lnching opeaion. {nthe leaching prcpition (H,SO,and NaSH used) ~ regeneniton tet the eynide consumption was Atrmined by the difeenceBetees the janie adelond the ames ofan raoorel by remeron ‘tru stripping snd collection inthe tap conning sedium hydroxide souton. TABLE 15 ‘COMPARISON OF CYANIDE CONSUMPTIONS egnant Anelysia Ca ~ gems 108 Fe rr FelCNig4— g: NeCN (equiv. to Fe) os Nonzegenerative Cyanide (SCN ete.) ~ g: NaCN 193 Total Cyanide Consumption ~ a, Nach 2st 0.24 CCymide Consurption ~ 0.5 Direct Cyanide Consumptien os shown in Tale 1) Good agreement is shown by both mend of etrminaton of anid consumption, thar indi that ‘Snnide consumption ia the combina leihiag-precptation operations iy be determina by arlyis ‘lie pregnant slutlon glove ti tas apparent Out thers esenalyo chemi loses of anise in the preipinton eegeneritin phase ofthe proces 38 Conducted la Ces experiment, CYANIDE REGENERATION—RECOVERY “The cyanide added at the srt ofthe leching operation gots nt he peegnent soliton hl as ee of unrated jmide, soluble copper and tron spanide compleres, and byproducts suchas thiocyanate, ‘Gunae and’ possly stall amounts of ammonia, On aceon ofthe pregnant solaons i the pee SSpaton wep, the free cytnide and the ane in he copper complex ae consertd to hydeocanl cd ‘which is recoverable stpping operons at ambient tampesture or higher temperate. The qanide [nthe concomplex (us ferosanise x probably an sppreubly recovered by sipping at wnient wnpea- ture, but i at lest partly recoverable x higher tempenture. The cane consumed in the formation of Tprodcts such a thioganate, cnate, ee ie nontecaverble by asipping tbr at ambient or higher Gye recovery from the aided iquore from the precipitation stp was conduct by ai and inet gas sopping at varying temperatures an also by stem strpping. LABORATORY STRIPPING WITH AIR “The copper content of 2 prsynant sluion (21.7 grams Cuter, 40.0 grams NsCN equbalen/iter, prepared from AERO® Brand Cyeide and copper oxide) mes precipitated with sodium hydroslie and falfrte se In seprate fet, he nelle lary was seated Inte oratory precipitating appara (Figore 1) cr by meine af labortory Fagergren or Agiair Notion machines x 33°C. Cyaniseremona, date snd by period analysis of stmples of the slurry, x shown ae function of ein Pig 5. [No diference in jnide removal was nota fa testo Notion machines at equal aero rts. Themore ‘aid stpping ebnined by aeatlon i the bortory preciptating apparatus was probably duet the Ceased flow of sis a wat demonstrated in farther srpping studies orang i Slow ren, The shape of ‘he cyniderovnery cure (igure 5) indies that room temperate the stripping of enige becomes tno‘e dificult asthe sluion becomes more dist. For semple, inthe ters nthe lotion sacine, Sovef th yenide was eemoved i hour but 2.2 hour mere guid to remove 98% FIGURE 5. LABORATORY STRIPPING WITH AIR AT 35°C. sera met {lvens Ae amure/tive suse 2 “The efit of tpestre on anide stripping was studied. A lottion sling (0.67% Cu) was leached ac the copper content ofthe resting pregarn soliton (6.0 g. Ca.) was precipinted (H-S0«; NASH) in {laboratory Fogergren Botton machine Stripping wascondacedat 38° Cand 259°C, a shown i Fgue 6.7 tipping operon, a expected, was more apd atthe higher tempers ‘the eect of temperture on al stripping s+ mensued by orl ane connimtion (the deren Dowesn added qnide and cjanide sipped and coreed in alain raps) war obtained in a never of tte in the boratrypreipior. The rls af such ests are shown i Table TABLE M4 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CYANIDE RECOVERY BY STRIPPING Stripping Tone Seipping Time Cyanide Consumption e Hors ‘3 NoCN/e. Go % on Cy 0.6 Oe 100 0. 109. 0. ‘As shown in Table 14, addins! cnide ie recovered (Le lower gue consumption) by sipping ented tempertures. Reducion in aide consumption marked 100°C a compared tothe 28:60°C. ange The tion cecovery & probaly the renal of dacomposiion of ferrcyanile, since te presence of wocompioced ron wa found inthe Baer lguors. FIGURE 6. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON AIR STRIPPING. o-se LABORATORY STEAM STRIPPING TESTS. ‘The incrente in ane removal aes by alr stepping at elentel temperatures sugges the posibiliy of Using stam srpping wa method of anide recover, Seam ripping ialeo suggested bythe at tht the ‘ante ditlaion procedure ia standard mathod for the quantitative detexmiaton of ante. Cyanide _scoery teat on lucie renling (om he copper preipaen rom pegnsnt solutions containing 1740 {Gall indicated that about 9% of the eal eeorerable cane was Fenoed in hour heting a 100°C, 1 procedure which sioulate stem striping. Thos, stam siping is ndicted to bea epi, efcent futhod for removing gunie from the aed sure [em precipi aod thls mod was investigated further ona prpiot cal, PREPILOT STRIPPING TESTS. ‘ental sarge pipe, Superheatadstxm was pated ino the ace slurry to remove the ane asa mix ture of water tnd ydrosyeni aid, which was condensed by water coming, Cyanide enol was tac ring the stripping opention by perloic arsiis of the residual lure in he ak The copper content fof a pregnant folton (153.9 g. Cujly 43.7 g NaCN w/L; formed from AERO Brand Cyanide copper otk) was precipitated and sited with 0.13 pound of searfhourpound of gui. Figure? Shows the cle recovery as function of time The HCN water condense (26% HCN) maybe Faker ‘concced by dilation to 90% HCN. The 26% HCN condensate canbe reqeled dre ab produced, tcc sored aller retiion, or reused ar netralraion wit ime or ose bales the preferred ‘eelhod of kanling wil depend onthe qty to be procesned FIGURE 7. STEAM STRIPPING STEAM RATE 0.15 LB./HR./LB. SLURRY +e Gaze (nitrogen) stripping ato wat stain inthe same Salon tank, Siping ates at pcg low ‘tes and at tenperstres up to 50°C were slower than gbialned by stam rrpping, The eluent canide ‘wes more due then the product in stam srpping. The cynide coment of tere de sets my be called in lime suspensions or allie oludons and reeyed. Large volumes of uch guid products frequently are required a factor which seriously affects water balances in the orrall proces. Paste ofthe fistous elena into ore pulps in tsemlted Pachucsluching ni, to which the requis quanti of Tine had een aed resulted in essenally complet absorption ofthe contained cenke with simultaneous ‘gation and leaching of es ore charges wit! loss of extraction ciency. Stam stpping har the adrntageof removing matrSrom the qnidstion crcl th fvorsbly inuencing water balance inthe process. Alto fir seam siping, the sting ieation characters ofthe copper Daring precilat are improved, probably base ofersal growth and agglomeration during the proce a CYANIDATION OF COPPER BEARING PRODUCTS Cope ee a ing procs rom sen ent ps wee a nian, In mos ie AERO? ‘Brend. Chane was uel as the extractant sodium cjnide and hydroryanie ao (he aver we with alkalis) were employed in some cates. Copper zecoerie tnd gantle requirement were detrined by conducting comple precipintion ecinery tes and aalsng the prvipiates and lnc rerucs for copper and by deerminsion of herecovered cyanide Table 15 summits es 09 steal copper eating Metaion produc. Cyanidtion of conserer slags contsning coppee® and copperlead sss conducted using both AERO® Brand Cjnide snd sodium cjanide. Copper exactions ad janie consumprlons were determined by selusion anise for copper, lon and nonregeeratve cide and by res analysis for copper Rens re summarize in Table 16. TABLE 15 CCYANIDATION OF VARIOUS COPPER.BEARING MATERIALS Leaching Precipitae Cyanide Consumption Sonple, [Head Reridve Recovery “Time? Naas "Grade “Tors Baul Grooree [SCs WG” Ch” Minutes ibibo Gu_$Co___ Ib: Cy Recovered Eletotion Seoverger | 0.59 0.190 680 SNS SE asa Testing 81 Flotoon | 1.08 0285 736 oar Cloner | M0230 783 SOD SF 035, Toilingst [15 0.267752 SRIF oa ait TToilings [0.92 0.100 682060 aH 038 ost ans! 7040S 0.8 Toiling 2049 0198 7.20 SB 04a oiling #2 | 0.45 0.100 78.1 1% om tae 0.6 Flottion Ghar” | 240 0072 aka aS oa Tolling #2 | 245 0.44 87.7 IBS 0.24 Flotation Gleaner’ | 3.90 0491 74 025, a 05 70 0 399 0 © 904 BSS 023 aa 0597907 0.20 * Uppraded to 50-525 Gy by Hoeton, TABLE 16 CCYANIDATION OF COPPER CONVERTER SLAGS Hood Re nrectin “Fine ICME” oe Bee “Ree CL instee Ihe Ca Extracted Copper Convener Slog | 588 040 936 0 0.20 Corperdesd Senig, wo 292 0 01 RAPID CYANIDE LEACHING IN COPPER FLOTATION “The we of cyanide inthe Motatlon of copper ors was described by Sheridan and Griswold" and Mor c sow end Griswold" ‘The presence offs of slide copper on pyrite war roggete by Gnd." Sach fim fave been photomierogrphed by Cadwell Both hese authors describe the influenee of sac cone tumintions on the pyrite rorice. The appliion of + cine acho sougher copper concent a5 produced, dlasled clately large quits of copper. However, i har been indiated that fara rougher Copper concentra are spt ito + sand and slime faction, he ation of quad rein the sande yids «high grade copper concontnte." ‘The copper in the sme portion aso may be Sete, ‘usualy winout ene adsion, to gteconcentesofhigh copper content. The combed sand mn slime ‘once, the prod re higher in grade than those obined by the usta procedure of egindiog- ‘lloaing the ware rougher concentses and frequen represent higher overall copper recorery. The Fests of ypc! abortory teas were follows TABLE 17 CYANIDE IN THE UPGRADING OF COPPER CONCENTRATES Concentrates by Combined Concentrates Comet Plot | citer Seperate Flsttion Practice (Reginding Reugher Concent of Sands ond Slines and Roflettion) | Chief Comper Asvoy| AB. Cyonde® = a No, Sina” ul AIS seeaveres“Reway | Recorared Ti Chelesoyrite c 1 aac 77 | 20 ya 50 | 160 woo Bowne Sholeopyrte 2 Grtesehe us| 50 99.7 03 | 96.0 a0 | nd Cyonide used with 3.0 Iby/ton CaO in Test 1 and 5.0 th, /tn CaO in Test 2 ‘Microscopie! examination of pyre rejected by euch treatment indies that copper ln apparel were ‘enor by the earen stloa of tne jade solution,"° Thus, heating fet of te thin copper couing ‘in liminsted and the prt does not report in th eopper concentrate As shows previously inthis paper, elie copperdissaved realy bythe following equations (page 4) (GigS + 6NUCN = 2NesCulCNla + Naas 0 GuxS + 3CH(CN)2 = 2CHCuICNs + CoS a Formation of de cuprocpnide comple s extremely pid as demonstrated previously in Figure 4, which fade tht sbout 83% ofthe copper in an or fraction conning 4” Ca was lol by leaching or oly 2 minus in laboratory Fagergren oon sachne. In ths work, the Gane to copper rae Was 3.51 a 2 Lower concentrations of cyanide such as are used in lotation opetions ae azo consumed apy in the

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