TIBETAN STUDIES Proceedings of the Sth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies NARITA 1989 MONOGRAPH SERIES oF NARITASAN INSTITUTE FOR BUDDHIST STUDIES OCCASIONAL PAPERS 2 VOLUME 2 Language, History and Cultere sited by HARA Shoren edited by with a MIYASAKA.Yorhs, WATANABE Shigeak IHARA Shoren and YAMAGUCHI Zuiho {and MATSUMOTO Shakei (019 by NARETASAN SHINSHOME ge sna No pt af ect NARITASAN SHINSHOII 1992Universitits- und Landesbibliothek Halle / Zweigstelle Tpei2oce loosse C2) Tm CONTENTS Foreword. PSURUME Shs Preface HARA Shiren, YAMAGUCHI Zui. (Official LATS Report Helga UEBACH. ‘Statutes ofthe International Aswaciation for Tibetan Studies isto Abbreviations : - [effrey Davis SCHOENING (Seale) “The Are isembay- i: Kam D, SEYFORT RUEGG (Lomlon) ‘On the Tibetan Historiography and Doxography ofthe Great Debate of Bam yas a's Commentary onthe Salitanbasaina Kunchok SITHAR (Nati) "Mahécercanara in the Studies of Tsong Kh p's Nggs inch mo rast STEINKELLNER (Vienna) nly Tibetan Ideas onthe Ascertainment of Val ges bye had ma), TANAKA Kimiaki (Tokyo) ‘A Comparative Study of Esoteric Buddhist Manusrips and Icons Discovered st Dunhuang TANI Tadasi (Kochi, Japan) ‘Rong rey ‘hen os thal pyar (Hypothetical Negaitniret Reasoning (pas) with the Implication of Incependent Direct Proof (stag) (Tibeun Commentators Measnerpretations on Dharmas Iterpreaton of prs) "TANIGUCHI Fujo (Nagoy Japan) “Quotations frm the Firs Bhtvenrama of Kamala Found in Some Indian Tests. David R TEMPLEMAN (Victoria, Australi) “Tarandthss Lite of Kap Krypaciry,an Unusual Siddha Hagiograpy. ‘Tom J. F. TILLEMANS (Lausanne) “Frong kha pact onthe Bhivaviveks-Candraki Debate. Tilman VETTER (Leiden) Perondrthia-pramina in Dharmakirt’s Prondeaviniese and in Guang-nag-pas Tabada ron por ep a lee badd: m8 181 183 199 197 203 209 ea oar 26 207 25 aa 309 315 wer YOSHIMIZU Chizuko (Narita) “The Distinction between Right and Wrong in the Conventional (hum rie, somort) According to Tieng Kha pa and mkhas grub Intoduction ofthe Contributors Vol 2 Language, History and Culture> ‘Agata, BAREJA (Warsaw) “The History of Ancient Tiber According to the XVIIth Certury Mongolian Chronicle densi Toi Sang Sten, “Terese Tee BARTHOLOMEW (San Francisco) “Thee Thanghas from Chengde Per-Ame BERGLIE (Stockholm) ‘Tibetan Spirit Medimship: Change andl Coninsty Some Obscrations rom a Reis o Nepal John BRAY (Devon, England) Christan Missionaries on the Tibetan Border ‘he Moravian Church Poo (Kinna) 1865-102 Katia BUFFETRILLE (Pars) ‘Questions soulenées pari retauration de Sam yas. Krystyna CECH (St. Andrews) ‘A Religious Geography of Tibec According to the Bon Tradition, Graham E, CLARKE (Oxford) “Arpects ofthe Social Organisation of Tibetan Pastoral Communities CChrinoph COPPERS (Dasseldort) Some Remarks ona Tibetan-Newari Lexicon cum Phrase Book Hildegstd DIEMBERGER (Vienna) ‘Lovanga [Lo ‘bangs ps?] Lama and Lhaven (Lia bon): Historical Background, Syncretism and Social Relevance of Religions Tradions among the Khumbo (Eas Nepal Siglinde DIETZ (Géingen) ‘Cosmogony as Presented in Tibetan Historical Literature anc is Sources Ronald E, EMMERICK (Quikborn) "Tibetan Databank Mangement with Personal Computes Eliabeth FINCKH (Hamburg) ‘Practice of Tibetan Medicine: Notes on Moxibustion (neha), ‘Anton GEELS (Laberéd) ‘Ege-Pychology and the Problem of Eetay Aaestudy of Tibetan Shaman Janet B. GYATSO (Amherst) ‘Autobiography in Tibet) Religious Laeracare Reflections ons Modes of Sell-Presentation, 335 53 361 489 us 465,Any HELLER (Nyon) Historic and leonograplic Aspects ofthe Protective DetesSrang-na da-nag. Toni HUBER (Christchurch) ‘Some I eh-Centry Indnn Buddhist Clay Tables (a-ha from Centra Tibet IMAEDA Yoshiro (Paris) National Library of Bhutan Role and Fein ISHIHAMA Yumiko (Tokyo) {A Study ofthe Sealand Tides Conferred by the Dalai Lamas Pach KAPLANIAN (Pari) ‘Analysed nouvel an popu Sammen G. KARMAY (Pari) A Pilgrimage to Kongpe Bon 1 Josef KOLMAS (Prague) |A Chronology of the Ambane of Tibet Part U7 The Ambant and Asstant Ambans in the Vongsheng, a the Qiong Period (127-1795) rea Ladakh Eyberto LO BUE ¢Laserna San Giovanni) "The Princes of Gyantse al her Role a Builders and Patrons of Arts Roy Andrew MILLER (Honolulu) “The Ral ofthe Sra soin the Tibetan Grammarians Tradition MIMAKE Katsu (Kyoto) “Two Minor Works Ascrted to Bus pa blogs MIYAWAKE Junko (Tokyo “Tibet Mongol Relations 3 the Time ofthe First Rj sun dam pa Quy, Maresine de MONTMOLUIN (Auvernier) ‘kre shi go mang of Bhutan: On a Specie Tradition of Shrines and its Prolongation in ‘the Museu of Fahogephy in Newehitel(Swizerand) [Ngawangshondup NARKYID (Dharamsala) 'A Propol: Refinement ofthe Tibetan Language and Standardization of ts Writing Sym, Braham NORWICK (New York) ‘Whi Tibet Disippeared rom "Scienific™1h-17th Century European Maps OKADA Hidehiro (Tokyo) “The Third Dalai Lama aad Altn Khan ofthe Time OKUYAMA Naoit (lhinoneki, Japan) ‘On the Base Sructre othe Pots Palace Jampa L. PANGLUNG (Manich) ‘On the Narrative of the Kiln (Cher-bpung af Nyangeral. Luciano PETECH (Rome) ‘Yan Official Terms in Tibetan, of the Evil Yak and the Discovery of Sal in the 9 40 407 son sis son 0 on 0 Frangoise POMMARET (Pars) Tes revenants de Tails (ar lg) sources ltérates et wadiion vvante RE, PUBAEV (Ulantde) Study of the Tibetan Collection in Buryatia Valrae REYNOLDS (Newark) Tien Artin a Museum Seting: Problems of Decont-xtuaization and Recontextulization, The New Tibetan Galleries of The Newark Muscim ara Case Sid Andrés RONA-TAS (budapest) Reconstructing OW Tibetan Donatella ROSSI (Jakarta, Indonesia! ly) ‘Some Notes om the Tibetan Amd Love Songs Geoffiey SAMUEL (Neweatle, NSW) ‘Gear of Ling: The Origins andl Meaning ofthe East Tibetan Epic (Chriian SCHICKLGRUBER (Vienna) Gib: On the Significance of the Term in a Scio Relgions Context M. V, SOFRONOV (Moscow) tetanTranseripson of Tangut Script: The Problem of Prefixes Elliot SPERLING (Bloomington) Notes on References to hr-Cung-p-Mongol Contact in the Late Sixteenth and Karty Seventeenth Centuries. Brigite STEINMANN (aris) Dailatamangt rites de mods image des ancttres travers les texts rte. TAKEUCHI Tauguhito (Kyoto) (On the Old Tibetan Sale Contracts Tashi Teeing (Dharamsala) ng Principal of Khams A Penna Si Helge UEBAGH (Munich) ‘Notes on the Section of Law a Satin the Char ung of D's Pieter Cornelis VERHAGEN (Leiden) "A Ninth- Century Tibetan Summary ofthe Indo Tibetan Model of Case-semantis WAKAMATSU Hiroshi (kyoto) Tagugsan Qui: An Ey WANG a0 (Being) ‘An Lnguity ita Polo Tite conrbuton tothe athlete spora— Kulbhushan WARIKOO (New Delhi) Linda's Trade Relations with Tibet under dhe Dogo Alex WAYMAN (New York) The Kis Final inthe Vibolocena Lexicon. YAMAGUGH Zuihd (Natta ‘The Significance ofInercalary Constants in the Tibetan Calender and Mistrial Tables of tnerelary Months : ms 708 a8 33 srNotes on the Section of Law and State in the Chos-byung of IDéw Helga UEBACH ‘The legislation and organisation ofthe Tibetan empire (7th St century) usualy is noa topic of later Tibetan hisoriograpers, However, there are exceptions. abo gTsugclag phreng, a, 2 th century historiographer in hk Choc byung ented mas dg has ade dow rather detaed description of the legislation and organisation of the Tibetan empire’. With ‘eset to data nown from Old Tibetan documents, this section has attracted he interest of R.A, Ste, G.Tueci and G.Uray who sn bili stdy eed “Pre Narrative of Legislation and ‘Organisation of the mKhas pai dga’ston. The origins of the tradions concerning Svoo-brean Sgom-po as fist legit aa organize of Tibet has dealt nt nly wid dhe narrative but with the structure ofthe whole secaom as well The Chor yang of Nel-ps Panda written in 1265 A, D.acalogue ofthe miliary thousand discs ofthe Tihetan emp, diferent to the one known from Ihe mK dgston andthe Fn po ba thang yg teadited. No doubt, there mst have been other trations, oo, Recently the Chor yang of e's (= IDe-son), enumerated amcng the sources used by ePa:bo sgTsuglagplirengrb has come to light in Tibet. eo versions ofthe Coby of Des”, a Seay ree Am anda lever one there BY kare boon pubis, Each orion of Des {Chava contains a section concerning the twofold actives 0” Srong ban samp: "In his young days the king created the rel Kirin in his old days the cha brim!” The so-called Section of Ta ad tat alls within thera tvins. ‘The cas vins deals wit dhe King’s tivities topromote the spread of Baddhism, ike the construction ofthe Phra-snang templeat Last and the bh mPhase aril ony the ry Aran wil be discussed and since ‘spices limite I shall onfine mse to giving a preliminary resew of a more detailed study in preparation. Fist the themaial sructre of IDeston's version A and Bil be shown and {Compared wth the mk don al then some emarks concerning new information of A tnd B il be aed, SREceoeasiita ta si 5 Mitch Say aoing hes’ Sree ee rae Sn 2 Sate ie a poets ety Hie Se Tintin, Qn Sti chen ega2 ng wens he structure of version A™? 6, (Howoduction) BL “The King creates the fw: 82 [Survey of Tbe’ insition) O21 Tibet wan divided into boos (022 Sumpa was marked out into discs (oe) 023 The elected kings ofthe four quarters were subdued 024 ‘The eight watchposts were marked out in the countty 02.5 The awelve peuy hing were subdued tongs . {126 Tilers ye and councilors supported the government of the superior" (27 The six cay of pternal “bap took care of the person of the ruler O28 The six dlviosf the Man ungy Full the needs in time 029 ‘The thvee undss and the four councilors held the assembly of the centre 02.10 ‘The four great ones, five with the ving held the place of the superior D211 ‘The nine great ones, ten th the rng were responsible for the needs Daz The diviions ef the heros lng and ong tamed the Chinese and Drug!” D213 The 360 hab tong sie: They were soldiers and (guarded) the frnwier O14 The {00 myo! mt yin ploughed the Feds and cultivated the upper valleys (O13 ‘The seventeen zd a half nen ofthe ame, the wine an, seven sth seven terdsmen, the even merchants They were synod yng ad Filled the shes of the ler 0.2.16 The five kinds of fas bound Tet in general [12.17 ‘The five kinds of she meh cleaved avay internal and external erubles 218 The fve kinds of soldiers tamed the outside enemy (219 The si kinds of armours protected the body and the ie 0220 The 6 to 6 = 36 [Bras] tig led Tet to happiness O21 The six quale of the superior worked forthe welfare of the beings 122 The seven and a half wise men arranged the insitutions for happiness 102.99 All the pastures were aecounted by dh 0.224 All the fekls vere died by the gu (0225 At the ime of the 16 great deg Hon dhere was boating in the rivers {02.96 On the mountain passes tolstations! were built (02.27 ‘The dpon of the soldiers were convoked 112.28 After having sbaued the Chinese and Dru-guat the borders, che showsand-tinics™ of ‘Tibet were crated O22 Theta was sil observed. The orders dhe sewer base on negotiations The ideas ttt uteles atl councilors accompanied the counsel. The 16 moral ules were the base Seana Theten vrtesof the dharma were aken as model [The king] having caused. 1) The one 1) Teter et =e ih och eet eri on te Sti of oa St he Ch yng fe 25 Iie subjects] to practise the virtues of the body showed the way to paradise and eration 1 (acter) EL (Catalogues of the instctions and codes} EL Fine Tibet was dived into horns (C) (Description of 6) horns) Buu: 1241 dong, g¥ucrus 84-1, p¥anrur 6+, Rudage B41 LL2 "The Bxing of the boundaries of the fut) horns (C) Burn, gVorns, gaya, Rurlag, Sunepal 1.8 "Then Tiber was divided into eight!" sotha rong tha (C) LIA The six clans of the bene (C) ELS The three shang (C) and the four Blow (C) EB The four grea ones, five with the ring () ELT ‘The nine great ones, ten with the ring () ELS The 18 great clans of the division of the heros Dong, EO The four sTong-e E10 The eight ba! "The mine tangs Sip (), the seven hangs herdsmen (Cte sb Songs crafisen (©), the five (0) Benge merchants (C) the four ange kings (3, the dee ‘hangs min () (C) ‘The seventeen and a half men and wormen of the time are ‘ange “The five Kinds of cas (C) “The five kinds of aml () ‘The five kinds of soldiers (C) ‘The six kinds of armours () The 36 Kime-hig (C2?) ‘The six qualities of che superior (©) The four kinds of pleasures () The seven and a hal wive menlwomen (C) Pom hh me se et hen coi pth ton ine Hm hae nn egos of 208% On Oeo2 ng aa nics ender Seg ie LS 0 emacs ech es mae me intone el mua in nme an ane wh an be den ints tcc sal cle ta neo ‘cp ne mr nena raided y eon sh sing) a hie ‘Scie effet Tes ender ‘Ser cry wh Pct at ype Tica epst prcac dso py mend se how sith py ce aed ap, ody Ke os i ere eee cored a ape ne roma a eam ERs iia tae a atolanisen ray? Century From it oeeurrence ber seems to have orginally bee Gaul cage of the foring of the Tibetan empite was subdued and annexe “Ty con lade these pelninary emarks on the Seton of version A, ean be sated A hac been the forsee for ePabo gTaugelg phreng-ba. However, is evident ftom the aire and names tha the ts of the thousand tris Wade by Nekpa andita™ derive Girealy oF indirectly ftom version A a2 out 022 023 naa 035, 026 027 038 39 020 o21 02.12 nas nu 0215, 0218 0317 naa nei 0220 0221 Faye 28 he ingatcony pr ver Bap 25) ea Ia ta of nde BAC yageny const a thousands of go in the second hall of he cig Poot Srp so wih aan ‘The structure of version B7) {Use Tete day the king created the rine his ol day he creel dhe leet Fea teri 10 en, 10s 9B, 9c 8A 8 7 he, 7 do 6 6,3 Sa Bayan, 3 thon, hs, gg ar dg 6 {Survey of iets tons) "Ter was dyad in fou" horns seve was ane ws “The splemenary orn Sump was marked out it dis The ele igs of the four quar were subdued “The sgh watheposts were marked tn the county “The wee pty his were suid at ren and tong {Erber ye incomes supported. the govemmen of che spin The ab Cor af perl Bog tok care of the person of the rut [Iie sk dnhont of the Bon ons Tailed the needs in el) IETNS linc les andthe four counsel! the assembly of the centre {Eth Tour yea ones five with dh ring held the place of the superio {ithe rine reat one, ten with the rng were responsible For the need} Manito ane hers doug and tng tamed the CHinese and Drongu®” “The 860 Balad "Tey mere soles and (guarded) the tomer The 10 sha! fom ploughed the fields and cated dhe plain" The seventeen hee the nine than the seen rif, the ever Tata he epen mechan they wercsnyig Dunes yng Hons fied the wes of the rier Tin time the this of the 10 than 10 ae fete bound The genera The ne Lind a hn ceed say ineral ard exteral robes The fve kins a sles tamed he susie enemy The sic Kim of armours protected the inner ie The 6 10 6 6 (im Mig el Tibet to happiness Te i goats of the superior worked forthe welfare af the beings he ka geography of eT nena of Ta Meni ie 9 02 02 02 ng a2 a2 so Me Si fa nd Sa in Me Ch ng of 827 22 [fhe seven and a half wise men arranged the insitsions for 25 All the pastures were divided into ul 24 All the Bickle were divided by eg? 25 Av the time of the seven great dang Mow there was ooating inthe rivers 26 On the mountain passes toltsations” were bull 27 The dhon of the sldirs were convoked ppinesI) (02.28 After hwving subdued the Chinese and Dru-gu ache borders, the thousand-lsits of “Tibet were created 02 The law was aricly obkerved. ‘The orders of there wee based on negotiations. [[The to 1. ideas of the unees ane councilors accompanied the counsel} Insel In ease of petition ofthe mubjes he isthe brother” tothe counsel The 16 moral rules were the Fis of conduc. The ten virtues of the dharma were taken a model. [Tse hing) having ‘cause [the subjects] to practise the virtues ofthe body showed the way to paradise and Hberation, [Enactnent) 1 "Now, iene aks in what place and at what time the ae was made: The hing Srong san gam: po mace the aw, having assemble al the Tibetans within the realm of sPurgyal at YYarngwokha, atthe time when the residence of the majesty was Phying-ngastagetse, the residence of the queen was dPagrbuam gyi Canget, the princes, the brothers stayed a Yarstod Grangsngn bransnang. on the day ofthe fllénoon ofthe great summer ‘month of the ox year, when the nabut Pusya and the planet venus comcided” (N) 102 gahung as He expoed the 10 chan, 10 ade (SurveyCtalogues ofa double eee of 10 Sis) 102110 than, 10 ade 1022 9 ba, 9 che 1028 8 bla, 3 be 1024 7 eh, 7 dpon (©) 1025 6 na, 6 me (C) 1026 [9 Bj, 3 ma ©) 1037 4 bat, # rs ©) 1038 3 dams (2 akernatives), 3 hor (C) 10392 = atu and chard 10301 = erg realpo 11 [Catalogues of the double eye of 10 units) LL 10 he tn Tbe th Tn each horn of Tibet, Rudag, gas, dBucru,g¥urv there are 16 yl don than (C) 10 ae: In cach horn of Tibet, Rucag,gYasru, dBu-r, g¥o-ru here are 10 sie = 40 tongue of Tier ‘Together with Zhang-zhung Kbvi-se soda and Sum-pa ~ 60 songs of Tibet (C) “Therein were 61 (i) ong dpon. Their lan, the redpn, rst, adr sheng, raedpon gi tingreumnidplo of Rictog, Yarra, Bue, Yee (O) orale yang der hire only (C) and two subavisions (C) 9 he: the Wow for all aks (C) L138 bas tron ti een (C) 18: "The four great trating places (©) and the four feo axl four festung?””ne ag yess [Ahternaive: 8 Mer: the eight wines erected by the ight dag dpon (C) Lia Te ©, 7 pom () LLB 6 the 6 chung: 5 sige cheta, ring, dha and their dsibution (C) 6 gen aor dug 116 5 be, 5 na: The ive kind of sa he (C), 5 Ans (C) [8ve kindof mop Be ind fra (, five kinds of dpe) M74 Ba") 4 1s (© 118 3 thems () [Abernative (©) 3 char (©) 2 = alu and cheborit cg bat ba [Catalogues of the] 6 to 6 = 36 divine 6 bh gros henge C) ‘To protect the body of the ruler and to pay dues "To control the [Dong-tong and from below to suport the hleng Noto admit hen n the place ofa god and nt to appoint wornan in the counsel “To watch the borders and not to spoil) by horse racing ‘To tame the ouside enemy and to\care for the internal affairs “To practise the virtues and to avoid the ten sins 6 be-trims (©) Kei rse ‘bum ooher "Bum ger thang ai ba can gyi hin sGyal Khams dge lang gi Khris ‘bo lon ah ad ky Kbrime hab so an? Khris Da hang egy Kits 6 bad? (C) ad yi Mad hang shang Had ‘won gy Hd ibs dpon yt ad nthong Kya gi Bhd 6 yiethong (©) La Bs 12a2 Bye 1243 pre 124 en? 1245 ange 1246 tags 1256 ploapnge 12.51: Sel of brig! 1252 fmt seal ° Ari” Ses pty fie Mn ate feo soa None Sti of La nd Sin th Ch gfe 20 12.58 shumbr seal of yal 12.54 Maheng: seal of dharma 12.59 agi: seal of dp 12.50 yigshang: seal of mdzongs 1206 6 dorags 1261 ogo 2.62 sog-mad 1263 serchen 1264 cerclung 1265 sapslog 1266 guilag 12.26, 6 Bfang reltirims (C) song tang and gus-thong In the case of stealing: In cae of property of the hing repay hundred times: oF the “Trica, eighty times, of ordinary people, eight times For sexial crimes: To eat the nose and blind For lying: To take an oath appoiting the Triratna, ha and ht as witnesses "To preven the Ahmg from sings and to prevent pecple from opening the tombs 122 “In Kh rise bum-beher (12.21) the law appears 13” The sx inattuions ha)" (N) siGar songs assed by Da-rgyal and “Chime Mang-bher arranged the adminis: tration of Tibet 18.1 ‘The boundaries of the four () horns (C) Buca, g¥or, g¥asru, Rurlag, Sum-pa 132 40 miliary dousandlsties 138 Groups of men of the tame (gang) 13a tongs (©) S ondcpa, 7 herdsmen, 919 mbhon, 5 merchants, 4 hing, 3 in 1.35 The insttions of the country (C) 135 The three divisions of the heros (C) “Tins he exposed the 6 to 6 = 86 Kirimehig 15 aditonal blo trims (©) ‘Three deeds to be performed ‘Three deeds to be avoided ‘Thee praises ‘Taree blames ‘The torments 1s has already been mentioned above, thatthe frst part of version B, dhe survey or able of contents is almost lentil with that of version A. The second fart, che detailed catalogues in ‘version B, however, i not corresponding tothe survey. This & partly due to one small but Significant change in the survey of version Bs The five kinds of hams (02.16), have been Suited in B by the “Hh clos consisting ofthe 10 hen, 10 36". There is no doubt that this Insetion wat intentional. Ie erves wo suit the interpolation of a hitherto unknown narrative of King Srongbtsan sgan-po's exposiion ofthe law (1.01) and 2 double ee of ten catalogues (1.02) Thisnarratve aaitates the ens ofthe Real ible Annas indicating the year and the residences of the xing, the queen and the princes. However, exeey forthe resience of he in, [7 Cocina pc of Ad 6G. Ur op a380 veBacn Phying-i sagstse, sone of the place names given is known from OM Tibetan texts. The inet ofthe exact day ad the onsen a the planet ec; teal tothe assumption thay frginates from the m-cleventh century at the eaves, when the sexageniry «yee introduced in Tibet and scholars tid to date events hitherto only dated by the twelve, curate according to ‘he new system "The interpolation of th: en double cycles of catalogues indicated aa quote from source the ‘ame of which snot supylied, The ten double cele of eatalogues are it reduced in a ind survey"? and then the tiled catalogues are exposed. In some eases the 3m, five to he ‘taloguce ate announced but only four to five are enumerated. The promising “ve kindy of Ingo which might reer to messengers isnot explained. Sometimes (LL and LL.) alternatives ae given The remaining part of version B leaving aside the iaterpolated double eye of ten ‘catalogues in structure and in deal differs considerably from the preceding survey, Alter the {iterpolaon the detailed catalogues ofthe 36 Kring, «narrative concerning the organisation of the adninistration and de catalogues of the sx Bh ate given, The this remaining par lat ‘completely corresponds tothe nucleus that G. Uray ad reconsriced from he section ofa and fate in the mara’ eon which 1 shove for comparson'™ 6 tesinuions Version B 6. uray |The boundaries of the four horns 1. ‘The boundaries of the four horns 2. The thowsand-dstrics of the sage 3. The thousand-datriets of the savage '3. The groups of men of the tame 4. The groupe of men of the tame 4 The inaitations of the county 2. The shares of power of the co 5 6 y 5. The ‘hong “The tee uncles and the councilor 6. The thee divisions of the heros ‘The three divisions of th ‘The 86 insiations Venion 8 6, Uray 1. The ae gre principles 1 The se great principles 2. The six codes 6. The six ees 8. The six Had 4. The st qualities 4. The sit insignia of rank 2. The x insgnia of rank 5. The sk seal 3. The sie sek 6. The six symbols of tae heros 5. The sx symbol of the heros “There sno doubt that dPs-bo g Tagg pheng-ba when enumerating the Chas ung of De ‘zon among the sources ned reters to version B, The structure of his seton of law and states ‘lowely elated to version Band furhermore a gteat number of the catalogues of version B ining thoe of the “double eee of ten catalogers quoted in this section o elsewhere the mrp den spare ja, ye tt 14) Sime tages or par fcasgue re quoted ones expan o uit i rcs, Hever, some ‘Roce thon hg eqns essa spl ae eat Sci camps ns i on rsay si Sif Lo Sta eh png of ast co note thatthe mary thous of version 4 and B bo gga 1 this conten iis interesting Ailfer in numbers and names. Nel pa Panda's st correspoel to version A dl peng’ lst to version ‘Despite the correspondences of version Band the section of bw and state in dhe kbar pa ds thereto important Fact hich shows that version B his ot been the only source for tdfa-bo glug plvenga: The narrative introducing the enwtment ofthe organisation and legislation in he aa dtm mentions the appokotment of five Kod don. This partis rssing inversion Band Furthermore the narrative recorded by dPabo gT Sug lag phrengna is far move detailed, explaining the kings reasons for granting ‘he laws etc ‘part from the narrative elf can be summed wp that all he catalogues ofthe section oP law and state of the mKapa' dein are represented inversion B, too. The muber of eatalogues in version B, however, exceeds that ofthe mia a dnson by fr. “Thus version provides great deal of hitherto unknose information onthe organisation and legislation ofthe Tibean empire. This ew information requires careful snestigain since itcan heatservedin ome eases that though the information sel i conkemed by OM Tibetan texts the explanation of the eaalogue is ot. The 10 tan (BI..1) may serve as an example for this fbservation, Its explained that dhe 10 than means that eae horn dere were 16 (0) 3a don Iuhen and thir respective names in the For hors are supplied. Uray!has shown, that the thousands (not the horns ike in version B) consisted of 10 nha unis each, Concerning the numbers the explanation of version B is contradiory. Ici ily that orginally the catalogue Comsste of the names of the 1 shan of each horn which in the course of te action had been tither lou or wrongly substituted by anoubereatalogue™” This is only one example out of a Dumber of inilar ase, ‘Anaher example where Old Tibetan texts support the new information maybe adduced here Among the 5 bla tated that the dung bon waste superior a) ofthe deg, This statement thoes not seco tobe very informative at at sight. G, Uray, however, study concerning "The tite der po in early Tibetan records” has deduced that “inthe second hal of the 8h ad the first half of the th century in the Tibetan pie the dbo, leas the higher dla os were head of provinces and cxcupied countries and were nuperior tote leaders of Brows or “mia governments (or dst) called Tib dag (pon..."On the bas these ndings the version B fipplies additonal new information. The tection of law and ate ofthe mK dgsow caus of the personal names quoted, had en date! by G. Tuc tothe second hall of the 8th centiry at che eae. Taking ino ‘consideration is cose relationship wth De’ version B this dates vali for version B and for Nero A, too. In he eataloguce of version B, however, there are numerous indications that Buuddhisy hd already been integrted ito the organsation ad administration of the sate “Therefore, though iis understood that also information ofthe very beginnings ofthe state are inde. version B might even reflect state of the organisation of the Tibetan empire ofa later date the fist half of the 8th century 5 New edn et Sino Pte, toa ix st