Procedures

1. Write the name and function of each device.

Name: Honeywell Limit Switch SZL-

WLC-B-L3

Function:
 Single Pole Double Throw,Double Break
 High mechanical strength and Rugged Aluminum die-cast housing
 Wide range of levers and actuators
 Standard mounting dimensions
 10 Amp current capacity

Name: Swivel Photocell

Function:
• Cadmium sulfide photocell
• Sonic welded polycarbonate housing and lens to seal out moisture
• Delay action eliminates load switching OFF due to car
headlights, and lightning
• 6" leads

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Name: analog voltmeter
Function: A basic multimeter can measure the three basic electric values
-i.e.
-voltage
-current
-resistance

Name: Wattmeter

Function:
Wattmeters measures power of various electric circuits.It works on power formula
P = IV CosΘ
Wattmeter Reading in Single Phase = Power in load (VIcosφ ) + power in current coil (I2r)
Wattmeter Reading in Single Phase = VIcosφ + I2r
Three Phase Wattmeter Reading = √3 (VIcosφ + I2r)

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Procedures
Write the short answers for following Questions?

1. Why earthing is so important?

Earthing is an important component of electrical systems because of the following reasons: It
keeps people safe by preventing electric shocks. It prevents damage to electrical appliances and
devices by preventing excessive current from running through the circuit.

2. Explain any two components of earthing system?

Clean Grounds
Examples of clean grounds are the DC grounds, usually 24VDC, that reference the PLC,
DCS or metering/control system in the plant. Frequently, control systems engineers from the major
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) vendors recommend isolating these grounds from
power grounds.
Dirty Grounds
Dirty grounds inside the facility are typically those 120VAC, 220VAC, 480VAC power
grounds that are associated with high current level switching such as motor control centers
(MCC), lighting, power distribution, and/or grounds corrupted by radio frequencies or
electromagnetic interference.

3. What is an Electrode in earthing system?

The earth electrodes shall comprise a system of bare conductors forming a mesh buried
near the surface of the ground supplemented, as necessary, by one or more of the
following electrodes: A system of interconnected steel rods driven into the ground.
Structural steel metalwork in direct contact with the ground

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4. Which devise we use to check the earthing system?

Earth/Ground Tester

5. Which unit is being used to measure the earth?

Determining effectiveness of ‘ground’ grids and connections that are used with
electrical systems to protect personnel and equipment.