(a) 2018 amortization :

Patents $ 18,000
Patents life (year) 10
Amortization expense at 2018 $ 1,800

12/31/18 Book value :

$18,000 - $1,800 $ 16,200

2019 amortization :
Patents at end 2018 $ 16,200
Add : Legal fees incurred $ 7,800
Patents (2019) $ 24,000
Patent life (year) 9
Amortization expense at 2019 $ 2,666.67

12/31/19 Book value :

$16,200 + $7,800 - $2,666,67 $ 21,333.33

(b) 2019 amortization :

Patents at end 2018 $ 16,200
Add : Legal fees incurred $ 7,800
Patents (2019) $ 24,000
Patent life (year) 4
Amortization expense at 2019 $ 6,000

12/31/19 Book value :

$16,200 + $7,800 - $6,000 $ 18,000

(c)
Terdapat impariment loss karena carrying amount ($21.333) lebih besar dari
recoverable amount ($16.000) dan nilai yang digunakan sebesar $16.000

2020 amortization :
Patents $ 16,000
Patent life (year) 8
Amortization expense at 2020 $ 2,000

12/31/20 Book value

$16,000 - $2,000 $ 14,000
(a)
biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk R&D project tersebut sebesar 325.000. Berdasarkan IFRS,
akun harus di charged pada R&D Expense. Jika total biaya R&D tidak dilaporkan secara
terpisah dalam income statement, maka harus dilaporkan secara terpisah dalam financial
statements.

(b) Research and development expense 110,000

Cash, Acc. Payable, etc 110,000
(to record research and development cost)
Patents 24,000
Cash, Acc. Payable, etc 24,000
(to record legal and administrative cost)
Patents amortization expense (24,000/5) 4800
Patents 4800
(to record one year's amortization expense)

(c) Patents 47,200

Cash, Acc. Payable, etc 47,200
(to record legal cost of defending patent)
Patents amortization expense 8,300
Patents 8,300

Patents 24,000
Less : Patents amortization expense 4,800
Carrying amount (2020) 19,200
Add : Cost to defend 47,200
Patents (2020) 66,400
Divided by years 8
2020 amortization 8300

(d)
Biaya teknik dan konsultasi tambahan diperlukan untuk tujuan memajukan desain produk
ke tahap produksi adalah biaya R&D. Disebut R&D karena menerjemahkan pengetahuan ke
dalam rencana atau desain untuk produk baru.
(a) Cost to obtain patent, Jan 2013 59,500
Less : 2013 amortization 3,500
(59,500/17)
Carrying value (12/31/13) 56,000

(b) Carrying value of patent (1/1/14) 56,000

Less : 2014 amortization 3500
2015 amortization 3,500 7,000
49,000
Legal fees to defend patent, Dec 2015 42,000
Carrying value (12/31/15) 91,000
Less : 2016 amortization 6500
(91,000/14)
2017 amortization 6500 13000
Carrying value (12/31/17) 78,000

(c) Carrying value of patent (1/1/18) 78,000

2018 amortization (78,000/5) 15600
2019 amortization 15600
2020 amortization 15600 46800
Carrying value (12/31/20) 31,200