MASTERING THE CONCEPT OF SUPRASEGMENTALS

BY GROUP 4:
WINALDA (180220181)
SISKA YANA (180230167)

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATON
NINTEEN UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER KOLAKA
2021
 PREFACE
Praise our gratitude for the presence of Allah SWT who has bestowed His grace and
guidance on us, so that we can complete a paper entitled “Mastering the Concept of
Suprasegmentals”

We would like to say thanks for the lecture Rohima Nur Azizah Al Hakim, S.Hum.,
M.Hum. as a lecturer in the Phonetic and Phonology who has given this assignment so that
it can increase knowledge and insight according to with our field of study. We also would
like to say thanks all those who have shared some of their knowledge so that we complete
this paper.

We certainly realize that this paper is far from perfect and there are still many
mistakes and shortcomings in it. For this reason, we expect criticism and suggestions from
readers for this paper, so that this paper can later become a better paper. And if there
are still many mistakes in this paper, the authors apologize profusely.

We also do not forget to express our deepest gratitude to all those who have supported
and helped us during the process of completing this paper. With this paper, it is hoped that
it can be used as additional knowledge about Understanding the Articulatory phonetics =
the articulation of vowel sounds. Thank you for your attention.
 TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENT
BAB I INTRODUCATION
A. Background
B. Formulation of the problem
C. Aims of paper
BAB II DISCUSSION

A. Definition of suprasegmental
1. Stress
2. Intonation

BAB II CLOSING
 BAB I
INTRODUCATION
A. Background
Phonetics is the systematic study of speech and the sounds of language.
Traditionally phoneticians rely on careful listening and observation in order to
describe speech sounds. In doing this, a phonetician refers to a classificatory
framework for speech sounds which is based on how they are made and on aspects of
the auditory impression they make. The best known such framework is that of the
International Phonetic Association. Much of our knowledge of the sounds of the
world's languages comes from this kind of description, which is still an important
aspect of phonetics today.
Phonetics is often defined with respect to phonology. Both disciplines are
concerned with the sound medium of language, and it is not useful to draw a hard and
fast line between them. The centre of gravity of the two fields is, however, different.
In general, phonology is concerned with the pattering of sounds in a language (and in
language in general), and is thus comparable to areas of linguistics such as syntax and
morphology which deal with structural elements of language at other levels. Phonetics
is more centred on the way those structural elements are "realised" in the world,
through movements of the speech organs which create the acoustic signal. Phonetics
therefore has important links not only to linguistics but to natural sciences such as
physics and anatomy.
Phonetics has always had applications. Traditionally it has been important for
language teaching, and for speech and language therapy. Nowadays it contributes to
speech technology, and increasingly to forensic science (in cases, for instance, where
speaker identification is at issue).
B. Formulation of the problem
1. What is suprasegmental?
2. What is stress?
3. What is intonation?
C. Aims of paper
The purpose of writing this paper is to find out what suprasegmental, stresses,
and intonations are.
 BAB II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of suprasegmental
Suprasegmental is something that accompanies the phoneme which can be in
the form of sound pressure (intonation, length-short (pitch), and sound vibrations that
indicate the most intense emotion.
These suprasegmental sounds include intonation, tone, accent and stress. In
fact, phonetic descriptions of suprasegmental sounds are only the basis for phonemic
descriptions. However, in many cases the phonetic and phonemic aspects are not
easily distinguished.
The easiest way to understand suprasegmental elements is through the acoustic
phonetic approach. There are two acoustic properties that influence the
suprasegmental element, namely frequency and amplitude. These two elements are
very influential in a closely related suprasegmental element.
Sounds or elements that cannot be segmented, which accompany the
segmental sound, such as pressure, tone, pause and duration (lengthening) are called
suprasegmental or non-segmental sounds or elements (Chaer, 2013: 35).
1. STRESS
Stress is the sound pressure that occurs in the syllable (syllable). In our
vocabulary, we need to emphasize a syllable. In that sense, we have to read certain
syllables in a high and loud tone, bending them with other syllables.
Keep in mind, stressing occurs only in words consisting of two or more words.
Example:

First syllables Last syllables

WAter preSENT
MOther reCORD
TAble reJECT

Sentence Stress

Sentence stress is another golden key for speaking and understanding

English. With sentence stress, some words in a sentence are STRESSED (load) and
other words are weak (quiet). Look at the following sentence:
 We want to go

Do we say every word with the same stress or force? No. we make the
important words BIG and the unimportant words small. What are the important
word in this sentence? Yes, that’s right: WANT and GO.

We WANT to GO

Types of stress:

1) Primary stress is the strongest stress in a word and is indicated by an

apostrophe (') above.

2) Secondary stress is weak stress, indicated by a lower quotation mark (,).

2. Intonation
Intonation is primarily a matter of variation in the pitch level of the voice (see
also tone), but in such languages as English, stress and rhythm are also involved.
Intonation conveys differences of expressive meaning (e.g., surprise, anger, wariness).

In English, intonation is categorized into two things. The first is intonation that
shows the speaker's own feelings. Second, intonation as punctuation. If we read a
writing, a period (.) indicates that the sentence ended. However, if the writing is
pronounced or pronounced the punctuation can is known from the rise or fall of the
speaker's intonation. In Language English, the "comma" is more often pronounced
with an ascending intonation and "period" with a descending intonation.

Individual intonation is described as a series of symbols or signs. This symbol

is used when describing the pronunciation of a word. This symbol is known
phonetically almost all over the world.

Tone Symbol

high (tinggi) [/ ]
Mid (sedang) [- ]

low (rendah) [\ ]

rising (naik) L/ I

falling (turun) [ -\]

fall-rise (turun dan naik) [V]

 BAB III

CONCLUSION

Suprasegmental is something that accompanies the phoneme which can be in

the form of sound pressure (intonation, length-short (pitch), and sound vibrations that
indicate the most intense emotion. These suprasegmental sounds include intonation,
tone, accent and stress.
The easiest way to understand suprasegmental elements is through the acoustic
phonetic approach. There are two acoustic properties that influence the
suprasegmental element, namely frequency and amplitude. These two elements are
very influential in a closely related suprasegmental element.
Stress is the sound pressure that occurs in the syllable (syllable). In our
vocabulary, we need to emphasize a syllable. In that sense, we have to read certain
syllables in a high and loud tone, bending them with other syllables. Types of stress
are Primary stress and Secondary stress.
Intonation is primarily a matter of variation in the pitch level of the voice (see
also tone), but in such languages as English, stress and rhythm are also involved.
Intonation conveys differences of expressive meaning (e.g., surprise, anger, wariness).
In English, intonation is categorized into two things. The first is intonation that shows
the speaker's own feelings. Second, intonation as punctuation
 REFERENCES

http://ejournal.iain-tulungagung.ac.id/index.php/ls/article/view/776/pdf
https://www.fabelia.com/jenis-aturan-arti-word-stress-tekanan-suara-dalam-kata/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/intonation
https://elibrary.unikom.ac.id/id/eprint/2147/8/14.UNIKOM_SITI
%20MARYAMAH_63715013_BAB%20II.pdf