COMMUNITY BASED OPTIMAL AND SUSTAINABLE MARINE RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT

Marine natural resources are natural resources originating from the sea. The sea is
one of the largest parts of the earth. The sea is an area completely surrounded by water. So
that only a few ecosystems exist in the sea. Even so, the sea saves a lot of natural resources.
Most natural resources in the sea are natural resources that can be improved. Improved
natural resources are natural resources that can multiply, and have a very large number. So
that it can be used for a very long time, for human needs. Whereas natural resources that
cannot be repaired are natural resources that require thousands of years in the process of
formation. So the number is very limited. Here are 8 natural resources at sea. (1) salt, (2) fish,
(3 (1) salt, (2) fish, (3) plants, (4) coral reefs, (5) phosphate, (6) waves, (7) tides , (8) Mutiara.

One of the most marine resources is about 48.1% of fish. Fish resources in Indonesia
have not been well managed. Official data from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and
Fisheries (KKP) shows that the total SDI available in Indonesia's marine waters is 12.5
million tons / year. Of course this is a very large and under-exploited number because we
have only been able to capture 6.83 million tons (2016). Ways that can be done for
optimization by encouraging the development of offshore fishing fleets. This strategy has a
dual function, besides directing fishermen to catch fish that are indeed under-exploited in the
middle of the sea, also reducing the burden of over-exploited coastal waters. This strategy
has been carried out by the KKP through fleet distribution and fishing gear. However, this
policy must be corrected in relation to the proportion of fleet size distributed, more fleets and
10 GT fishing vessels and fishing gear that are in accordance with the SDI characteristics that
are the target of the catch. The thing that must also be added in this strategy is adjusting to the
character of the fishery business as described above and the perspective that must be
systemic. Adjustments to fisheries business characteristics are carried out by developing
models of transformation of knowledge, skills, and capital from fishermen who used to fish
on the coast by boat and simple fishing gear and low capital to offshore fishermen, more
sophisticated technology, and larger capital.

The thing that should get attention in developing this model is that these coastal
fishermen in general are fishermen who accumulate their knowledge and skills through
experience on the coast and above the sea. The coastal fishermen in general are fishermen
who accumulate their knowledge and skills through experience on the coast and above the
sea. They are not people who gather knowledge and learn skills in school benches. Because,
the transformation model of knowledge and skills of coastal fishermen is more suitable to use
practical models, such as internships.

Classroom training will not have many benefits. Small fishermen are also those with
limited business capital. Distribution of vessels and fishing gear that are larger than the
capacity they normally operate is an additional burden. It is certain that their old network,
patrons who are the source of aid for capital needs, will find it difficult to fulfill large capital
requirements. Therefore, the distribution of large vessels must be accompanied by providing
access to additional sources of capital. Finally, the systemic approach requires that the policy
of optimizing the use of SDIs is not only focused on fishing businesses that are available -
through stimuli for developing fleets of open waters - but also connecting fishermen to
markets. Thus the increase in catches can be accompanied by smooth marketing. Just like the
source of capital in the production system, it is likely that the fishermen must open access to
new marketing channels that they have not known before, considering that almost every
group of fish has a special marketing channel. It is likely that the fishermen must have access
to new marketing channels that they have not known before, considering that almost every
fish group has a special marketing channel.