Dynamic behaviour of

chemical process
Input output model
 It use algebraic equation instead of differential equation
 It is convenient and allow quick analysis of process dynamics
 It provides direct relation between input or cause(disturbances, manipulated variable)
and outputs or effect (controlled variables) of a process.
 Dynamic behaviour of the process described by n th order linear and linearised
nonlinear differential equation
Single input system
Two inputs
Transfer Function
Examples of first order systems
 Dynamic response of tanks which have capacity to store liquids or gases can be
modeled as first order system
 Resistance associated with pumps, valve, weirs and pipe connected to inflow and
outflow system i.e stirred tank heater and mixing process
 Temperature response of solid, liquid and gaseous system, which can store thermal
energy, transfer of heat through wall is a resistance i.e mercury thermometer
Energy balance for the system
First order system