Second hourly Exam (Retake-Home) spring - 2021

Student’s Name:
Registration ID:
Subject: Islamic studies
Instructors: Muhammad Makki
Start: 09:00 pm
End: 10:15 pm
Program:
Max. Marks: 20

Instructions
 The duration of this exam is 1 hour to attempt paper and 15 minutes for submission.
 Avoid irrelevant detail.
 Answer your paper on this sheet
 Answer all questions to the best of your ability and perception of the questions’ intent, make
reasonable assumptions if necessary, to answer all questions.
 Any paper will not be accepted after the submission time.

Question # 1

I. What is the importance of the comparative study of religions?

ANSWER:

In the Name of ALLAH; the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful

COMPARATIVE RELIGION:
Comparative religion is the branch of the study of religious concerned with the systematic
comparison of the doctrines & practices, themes & impacts (including migration) of the world’s
religion. Some religions may be practiced or understood in various categories. For instance, the
religion ISLAM is completely fulfil the definition of monotheism, which is a religion based on
belief in a single deity (ALLAH). Similarly, many Westerners view the multiple manifestations of
Hinduism’s godhead as polytheistic, which is a religion based on belief in multiple deities, while
Hindus might describe those manifestations are a monotheistic parallel to the Christian Trinity.
Some Japanese practice Shinto, which follows animism, which is a religion that believes in the
divinity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world, while people
who practice totemism believe in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings. It
is also important to note that every society also has nonbelievers, such as atheists, who do not
believe in a divine being or entity, and agnostics, who hold that ultimate reality (such as God) is
unknowable. While typically not an organized group, atheists and agnostics represent a significant
portion of the population.

IMPORTANCE:
The comparative religion minor provides for the non-sectarian study of religious traditions &
beliefs. By studying a variety of religions, people gain a broad understanding & appreciation of
spiritual perspective, both individually & collectively. Religious studies enables the development
of crucial aptitudes critical thinking, communication competence, interpersonal awareness, and
intercultural literacy necessary for success in a global society.  The aim of liberal education
healthy, holistic education is about gaining wisdom, not the accumulation of knowledge as such. 
Practically speaking, religious studies can enable people to better practice the task of selfhood by
both building self-esteem and making possible the acquisition of competencies crucial for one's
well-being in increasingly diverse world cultures. Serious study of the world's religions inculcates
unique cultural sensitivities among people.  Since it straddles the boundary between objective
evidence and subjective experience, religious studies is methodologically diverse, globally aware,
and academically transgressive.  Religious studies is rigorously and playfully open to a
multicultural and international way of being that bursts the boundaries of the conventional and the
everyday.

II. How does the religion exist? Define with examples with reference to
the lecture.
ANSWER:

In the Name of ALLAH; the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful

As Muslims we believe in One Unique God; Allah. The Almighty Allah due to His Wisdom and Mercy
has chosen some of the noblest men to be the recipients of His revelation called prophets and Messengers
of ALLAH. The Almighty ALLAH dispatched His messengers to guide people to the Right Path. The
duty of the messengers was to proclaim the divine message to people for whose guidance they were sent.
Islam is an Arabic word meaning "submission" and in the religious context means "submission to the will
of ALLAH". "Islam" is derived from the Arabic word "sal’m" which literally means peace . The religion
demonstrates peace and tolerance.
“And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam it will never be accepted of him and in the
hereafter he will be one of the losers.”
Because the religion of God (Islam) is guidance and truth, therefore it can lead man to his prosperity.
“He it is who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth.
 Belief in Allah, the one and only God, the creator of all human beings, the God of Jesus,
Moses and Mohammad.
 Belief in the Prophets and the messengers of Allah - Adam, Moses, the last Prophet
Mohammad, as well as many other prophets.
 Belief in the books of revelation sent by Allah - the Psalms Torah, Bible, and the Qur’an.
 Belief in the angels of Allah. The Qur’an was revealed to Mohammad through Angel
Gabriel. Other angels include Meqail, who was the first to bow down before Adam, as
well as the angels that revealed the Bible to Jesus and the Torah to the Moses.
 Belief in the Day of Judgment. Muslims believe in the Day of Judgment, as well as
Heaven and Hell. All believers will be rewarded for good deeds and punished for the bad
ones.
 Belief in Allah’s fore knowledge. This means the all-knowing nature of ALLAH
The Pillars of Islam:
 Shahada- the testimony of faith. “I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, and that
Mohammad is his last messenger.”
 Salat- Prayer, which is offered five times a day.
 Sawm- fasting, which is observed from dawn until dusk during the Islamic month of
Ramadan.
 Zakat- Charity. This requires the annual giving of a fixed amount of personal assets for
the benefit of the poor, the incapacitated, and the deprived.
 Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca. All able bodied Muslims should perform pilgrimage at least
once in their lifetime. The Hajj is performed at Mecca. According to The Qur’an, the
Prophet Abraham is the father of all prophets and his son Ishmael built the Kaaba
THE QURAN:
The Qur'an (literally, recitation) contains 114 chapters revealed to the Prophet during a period of 23 years
from 609 to 632, the year of his death. The divine revelations were manifested in divine inspiration,
which the Prophet sometimes uttered in the presence of his companions. His words were passed on in the
oral tradition of his Arabic culture. Some forty years after his death they were transcribed in the written
form that has been preserved to date without change. The 114 Suwar (plural of Surah) chapters were
revealed to Muhammad in Mecca and Madina. They vary in length. The Qur'an is arranged not in the
chronological order of its revelation but according to the length of each Surah. The longest is first, and the
shortest last. No one throughout the history of Islam has challenged the accuracy of the Qur'an.

Question # 2
Answer the following questions

In the Name of ALLAH; the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful

 1) What is the sharia surah rulings if a person recites surah fatiha in the
third rakat of sunnat prayer?

ANSWER:
Reciting al-Fatiha is one of the essential parts of the prayer. The Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) said: “There is no prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening of the
Book [i.e., al-Fatiha].”So Surah-fatiha is mandatory in namaz we have to recite Surah- Fatiha in
namaz.
 

2) What is the shariah rulings if a person forgets to recite Takbeer e

Tehrimah?
ANSWER:
The opening takbeer is one of the pillars or essential parts of the prayer, which is not waived
because of forgetting or not knowing about it, and it cannot be substituted with anything else. If a
person remembers during his prayer that he forgot to say the opening takbeer, or he is not sure
whether he said it, he has to start the prayer over again. If his doubt about that comes after the
prayer, then it does not matter, because doubts after completing an act of worship do not affect it. 

3) If an individual is reciting silently in Fajar prayer, then what is the

shariah rulings for him?

ANSWER:
Reciting out loud in the prayers in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
recited out loud, and silently in the prayers in which he recited silently, is one of the Sunnahs of
prayer, not one of the obligatory duties. But it is better for the worshipper not to go against the
Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). If a person deliberately does
not recite out loud when he is leading the prayer, his prayer is valid but it is lacking.

If a person is praying alone, he has the choice between reciting out loud or silently. He should
look at what is more likely to increase his focus and humility in prayer, and do that.