Markers of muscle injury are elements released by skeletal muscle enzymes, that show the physiological

function and pathological status of muscles in the body. This occurs during muscle degeneration, where
muscle cells break, and its components leak through the bloodstream. Break and tear of muscle cells is a
normal physiological process, and a rise in the amount of creatinine kinase indicates muscle damage.
These markers, namely, creatinine kinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, aminotransferase,
myoglobin, troponin, and aspartate are useful markers of muscle injury.

Potassium imbalance can fatally affect the patient. Hypokalemia presents with low and shallow
respirations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and severe low blood pressure. Hyperkalemia manifests respiratory
failure, decreased cardiac contractility, muscle twitches, and dysrhythmias. Both hyperkalemia and
hypokalemia can cause dysrhythmias.

Aldolase is an enzyme involved in converting glucose into energy. Elevated aldolase may indicate muscle
or liver damage. In a heart attack, the body drastically increases aldolase levels.