+e! Addition links 1. The linking expressions below are used at the beginning of sentences and paragraphs to introduce points in a certain order. Put them into the correct groups below. ) aboveall b) additionally) as wellas that 4) besides o) finally 1) firstly g) forastert ) furthermore 1) inaddition {) inthe first place Rk) last butnotleast 1) lastly te) moreimportanlly n) mostimportanily 0) moreover p) ontopofthat q) secondly tobegin with s) what's more 1) worse still For the initial point: For subsequent points: : For the last point: Which three of those used for subsequent points are quite formal, and which two are fairly informal? 2. Ask yourself the questions about each of the advertisements below. ‘Then use your answers to write a paragraph about one of the ads. Link your points with expressions from Exercise 1 Oren 3 Lookat the exam task instructions and notes. Answer these questions. 1. What do you have to write about, and for whom? 2 Which areas must you write about? 3 What can you also include? ‘Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style, Your class has been watching 2 TV documentary about the impact of advertising on society. You have made the notes below. ‘Areas affected by advertising * our everyday lives ++ what we buy + the economy [Some opinions expressed in the discussion: | "some of the ads on TV are rally funny.” "it makes people spend money on things they don't realy need.” | "A lot of people work in advertising Write an essay for your tutor discussing the effects on two of the areas in your notes. You shou'd explain which area you think is affected more and provide reasons to support your opinion. You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should use your own words as far as possible 1. Does it attract your attention? 2 Isit aimed ata particular type of person? 3. Does it tell you anything new? 4 Isits message simple? [ 5. Doss it promote the name of the brand? [ 6 Does it highlight the product's benefits? 7. Isitbelievable? 10 8 Does it make you want to do something now? WANED) ore 4 weir 4. Example paragraphs A, B and Call deal with the first point in the exam task, i. how advertising affects our everyday lives. Read ‘them and answer these questions. 1. Each paragraph looks at the effects of advertising on our everyday ives. Which discusses ) the positive effects b) the negative effects «) both? 2. Which paragraphs use one of the handwritten opinions? How has each writer rephrased i? 3. Find a) addition links b) contrast inks €) passive verb forms.anes peepee rere Sone ete oon Se Se Senco Sawer as been sala nat advertising Is the greatest 2cform ofthis century and there is some truth ‘that, even fitean at times appear tasteless and ‘naterialstic Firstly the high technica standards in visual advertising have iaunched the careers of many ‘op photographers ana im aireczors. nadcition, its ‘very much part of popular cutture in ts use of feshion, ‘rusieana celebrities, Above allie can help change _stttuses by challenging stereotypes and reflecting the ‘versity of modern society Advertising is soen by some as one of ‘modern society's evils. Irmakes us greedy, ‘they say, targeting even young children with its consumerist message. Furthermore, st constantly interrupts our television programmes, blocks up our email inboxes and wastes our time with unsolicited phone calls. On the other hand, some edvertisements are visually beautiful, others make you think and a few can make you laugh out loud, Moreover, some aze truly ‘memorable: almost everyone can recall their favourite TV ad from childhood. 5: Read the following model essay and answer the questions. What is the purpose of the opening paragraph? Which two of the notes does the writer use, and where? Which of the handwritten opinions does he use, and how does he rephrase them? Which area does he think is affacted more by advertising and what reasons does he give? What addition links and contrast links does he use? ‘What passive forms does the essay contain? Where does he give his own opinion and what expression does he use to introduce this? | | | | Advertising isthe busines of trying to persuade people to buy products or services, and it has increasingly profound and wide-ranging effects on present-day society. ‘The effects on consumer preferences and on the economy in genera are particularly signiticam Wis ifficute to evaluate the influence of advertising campaigns on consumer choice, ‘batt must be substantial or companies would not spend so much on thera, Firstly they inform people about new products, special offers and so forth, In addition, they fncrease demand by showing bras being used by people like you ~or by people you want tobe lke. This may, however, indicate chat consumers are being sold “unnecessary items. Secondly, some advertising works subconsciously, 3 people don't even know why they are choosing particular brands. Advertising is major industry. Besides employing thousands of people itself, it ‘simulates demand for products which in turn leads to higher production and mone Jobs. What i more the revenues it generates help support newspapers, television ‘channels and even top Football clubs. Advertising, though, is expensive, and tultimately the cost is passed on co the consumer Also the large salaries i pay attract some of the country’s brightest and most creative young people, who could otherwise be employed in more proactive or socially useful sectors “My own view thatthe biggest effet of advertising i on the economy, as it creates ‘employment both directly and indireetly. Is influence on what people choose, ‘comersely, may have been exaggerated, especially as nowadays more object sources of information about products are eabbeeane | ‘online, 6 You are going to do the exam task. To help you get ideas, discuss these ‘questions with your partner and make notes. 11 Which of the points in the model essay and in the example paragraphs in Exercise 4 do you agree with? Which do you disagree with? ‘Are internet ads more, or less, effective than TV ads? Do successful ads make people buy things immediately? Are people more or less likely to buy a product if celebrity recommends it? Do some ads promote harmful things by giving them a glamorous image? Why do songs used in ads sometimes become popular? Ben ‘Quick steps to writing a Part 1 essay + Ifthe intended reader is your tutor, write in a fairly formal style. + Discuss issues in a balanced way, including points for and against, + Connect your points with addition links. 7 Look at the Quick steps, then plan and write your essay. After finishing, check your work as in Unit 1, Weiting Exercise 8 on page 15. Try to use different words from those in the handwritten comments, €.g, unaffordable instead of too expensive.