Why does it called martyr? -they are killed (someone) because of their beliefs.

The Cavite Mutiny is also the Awakening of Nationalism

- Nationalism is an ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation or nation-state

and holds that such obligations outweigh other individual or group interests.

- This is the part where the turning point of realization of Filipino's to achieve our own independence of
governance.

PEOPLE INVOLVE:

Some of the other priests, like Guevara and Mendoza, appear to have been sentenced to the Marianas
for their prominent part in the campaign for the rights of the Filipino clergy (Tormo 1973, 113–14;
Schumacher 1999, 124–31).

Fr. Miguel de Laza was being implicated because they together live with Zamora. In Fr. Miguel de Laza's
house, they found a note summoning Zamora to a “big reunion… the friends will come well supplied
with bullets and powder.”

Gervacio Sánchez, Pedro Carrillo, Máximo Inocencio, Balbino Mauricio, and Crisanto de los Reyes
(ibid.). Frs. Pedro Dandan and Anacleto Desiderio would be arrested together with Ramon Maurente
and Máximo Paterno is lawyer and businessman who are arrested on 20 February (PNA 1872).

At an unknown date, José Basa y Enríquez, who was to receive the highest sentence of banishment to
the Marianas, ten years, was added, completing the list of those who would be exiled (SHM 1872).

Francisco Zalda or Francisco Zaldúa had gone to the Cavite shipyard to convince the workers to join an
uprising he claimed was headed by Fr. Burgos. He censored the latter's writings to answer the friars'
diatribes against the native-born priests, and suspected him as the organizer and financier of a future
uprising.

Ferdinand La Madrid was a mestizo sergeant who led the mutiny after Spanish authorities subjected his
co-soldiers at the Engineering and Artillery Corps to personal taxes from which they had previously been
exempted. The taxes obliged them to pay a monetary sum and to do the "polo y servicio" or forced
labor!

Others, like Mariano Sevilla and Toribio del Pilar, were implicated because of letters to Burgos (de los
Santos 1907, 5). Laza perhaps was arrested because he shared a house with Zamora (Artigas 1911, 141),
although as a chaplain of the cathedral he must have been associated with Burgos and Zamora.

CONCLUSIONS

From the facts narrated, we can draw some conclusions:

1. The revolt in Cavite was not a mere mutiny, but part of a planned separatist revolution.
2. The revolution as a whole failed because of the defection of the committed Filipino troops.
 3. The planners of the revolution were Inocencio, de los Reyes, and Paraíso. Although sentenced to
death, they were secretly commuted by Izquierdo, for being fellow Masons.
4. The immediate instigators in Cavite were Zaldúa and Sergeant Lamadrid.
5. The three priests executed had nothing to do with the revolt. Nor did the priests, lawyers, and
businessmen banished to the Marianas have anything to do with it.
6. The accounts stemming from Antonio Regidor, although containing many factual names and
events, are not reliable narratives of the revolt and its causes. The removal of the exemption of
arsenal workers from the tribute and compulsory labor was not the cause of the revolt, even
though it may have contributed to the unrest. The reason was because of mistook and
misconception of the revolt. Neither arsenal workers nor any naval personnel took part in the
revolt.

The importance of the Cavite Mutiny as today:

 Reminder clock of realization - the realization that history repeat today and we should remind
ourselves to unify our mind with the right thing to do.
 Democracy and Sovereignty that give us independence and freedom - people's power is not
given directly but it given millions of lives to accomplish.

How could the three planners of the revolt have believed that it was possible to overthrow Spanish
rule in the Philippines?

-It is evident that their plans did not work out, and that the revolt had no chance of succeeding once the
three committed regiments had remained loyal to Spain. Imagine only 300 Spanish soldier and 8,874
native Filipinos (Tormo 1973, 127)

 In the end, various factors doomed the revolt:

 The regiments were never really committed to the revolt;
 the rallying of the regiments by Col. Horacio Sawa in Cavite, and by Izquierdo himself in Manila;
 the fact that Izquierdo had been alerted to the coming revolt by very explicit anonymous letters;
 The alert action of Carballo in blocking by sea the men from Bacoor. Finally,
 It is clear there was little support for a national revolution at this time. Probably none of the
lawyers and priests who were banished to Guam had any desire to overthrow Spanish rule; they
rather demanded from Spain reforms and justice in the Philippines.

The verdict of a Spanish historian of the time on the mutiny is apposite: “The government
[Izquierdo] took advantage of the opportunity to silence not only the priests who were putting up a
good fight for the recognition of their rights, but also all those laymen who were distinguished then for
their love of a liberal regime” (Retana 1908, v).

The fact that Paraíso, Inocencio, and de los Reyes were the moving force behind the revolt has
been said before. Boncan (1995, 11–12) considered their “complicity . . . more plausible” than that of
the priests. Gerónimo de los Reyes, great-grandson of Crisanto, drawing on family records and
traditions, affirmed directly that these three good friends “were in fact the instigators of the Mutiny” (in
Schumacher 2004, 5). Tormo (1973, 11) concluded that “the true instigators of the Cavite revolt were
not the native priests whom Izquierdo mistakenly executed but the freemasons whom he did not dare
to execute fearing to provoke an international conflict.” None of these authors, however, have
explained more fully how the revolt developed. I will try to do so here.

In his letter of 3 February, when all but a few had been arrested, Manuel Boscasa, the
prosecutor in the military tribunal, requested of Izquierdo the record of the eleven priests and eleven
laymen on trial (PNA 1872). In reply, Izquierdo answered that all the priests were considered since 1869
to be plotting against Spain, and especially Burgos, Zamora, Guevara, Mendoza, Mariano Gómez,
Mariano Sevilla, and Miguel de Laza, all being members of the Filipino club.

GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO WANTS TO REVOLTS

This is the part wherein we can see who group of people who want to take a revolt but the
blame is being carried by the 3 martyr priest. And it is sad to know guys that the one who are blame,
carried without sin is the 3 martyr priest. So we will not take deeeper on that. Let's discuss all the
group. (SCHUMACHER, JOHN. 2011)

First group - There appear to have been three parties in Manila and Cavite among those attacked by
Izquierdo. There were first of all the reformers—those lawyers and businessmen
desirous of having the liberties of the Peninsula extended to the Philippines,

Second Group - second group was that of Federico Lerena(brother in law of Basa) in Madrid, and José
Ma. Basa in Manila, also agitating for liberal reforms, but much more
aggressively, through El Eco Filipino.

El Eco Filipino (anti-spanish newspaper) - a group of people fought for the rights and honor of the
Filipino people. Founded by Basa, Regidor and Lerena

The media was open and have a relaxed censorship because of Dela Torre (1869-1871). MOST
PROMINENT BANDIT IN THE CAVITE is Casimoro Camerino (El tulisan). He gave a amnesty. DELA TORRE
ALSO love by illustrados, who gave him a liberal parade in front of malacanang palace.

Fun fact: Dela torre is a single men but he had a mistress who had great influence on him. Maria Del
Rosario Gil de Montes de Sanchiz and publish a book entitled El Hombre de Dios. It was criticize because
a woman wrote it

1869 - When Dela Torre became the governor general of the Philippines.

The goal of El Eco Filipino was to ensure the changes of the Spanish government such as the
refurbishment of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes, freedom of the press, freedom
from friar control in terms of education, reasonable taxes of forced labor, and elimination of the tobacco
supply.
Third Group - The third group was composed of Máximo Inocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes, and Enrique
Paraíso as the planners of the revolt, together with those that they would
recruit to carry it out. Strangely, Fr. Jacinto Zamora’s name does not appear on Izquierdo’s
first list, in spite of the Jesuit report.

Fort San Felipe - is a military fortress.

Cavite arsenal - naval base cavite

The thirteen martyrs of cavite - were filipino patriots in cavite philippines who were executed musketry
on September 12, 1896, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against
spain.

What if the Cavite Mutiny did not happen?

The Cavite Mutiny aims not to get rid the Spanish government in the Philippines. Most importantly, if it
did not happen, Philippines still did not experience the country's independence. Many Filipinos believe
that Cabite Mutiny was the beginning of Filipino nationalism. It promotes nationalistic cause.

Related literature

The 8 rays of the sun means Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Nueva
Ecija.

The 1896 revolution happen because this was the time of realization of the Philippines. This part
is the turn point which we achieve independence. In this happen together also by Andres Bonifacio who
concluded as the leader of katipunan but later of the war was he did not excel because defeated. Later
on, June 12, 1898 this was the time Emilio Aguinaldo declared the Philippine independent with himself
as the unelected president. The 1896 Philippine Revolution was connected with the report of Cry of
Pugadlawin, so I will not get dig deeper unto that. Just a hint , after the Philippine revolution, there is a
Philippine American war, followed by cry of pugadlawin then People power revolution.

National Philippine Archives (NPA) - according to NHCP, the exhibit present three main events
that happen and one of these is the birth of Emilio Aguinaldo as the president of the first Philippine
republic.

Reform-minded Filipinos took refuge in Europe, where they carried on a literary campaign
known as the Propaganda Movement. Dr. José Rizal quickly emerged as the leading Propagandist. His
novel Noli me tángere (1887, The Social Cancer) exposed the corruption of Manila Spanish society and
stimulated the movement for independence. A sequel, El Filibusterismo (1891, the reign of greed),
established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement.
 The Propaganda Movement was a set of communication actions through books, leaflets and
newspaper articles by a group of Filipinos who called for political reforms, lasting approximately from
1880 to 1898 with the most activity between 1880 and 1895. Founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena.

La liga Filipina - the organization derived from la solidaridad and the Propaganda movement. It is
Founded by Jose Rizal.

"Noli Me Tangere" is translated "Touch Me Not" or "The Social Cancer," while "El Filibusterismo" is
translated "The Reign of Greed." Both novels were about historically driven fictional Philippines during
the Spanish colonial period inspired by the writer's current living conditions, his views, and his beliefs.

Rizal died on December 30, 1896.

Did france colonized by spain?

The italy was placed in france that was colonized by spain, the reason also why Edmund Plauchut
correspond with Tavera account because he reflect the life in the Philippines together with the privileges
being abolished. Jose Montesinos and Vicente Lopez Morquecho are peninsular lieutenants.

The Filipino version of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny in the account of Tavera states, that it serves as a
response to injustice from the Spanish government who took away the privileges of the Filipinos that
was set by the former Governor-General Carlos de la Torre. According to T.H Pardo de Tavera’s account,
the incident was only a mere mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal
who turned out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges. Montero and Izquierdo at that
time, abolished the exemption of privileges of Cavite workers from force labor and non-payment of
tributes that caused the revolution of which Sgt. La Madrid and his co-soldiers belonged. Indirectly,
Tavera blamed Governor Izquierdo’s cold-blooded policies such as the abolition of privileges of the
workers and native army members of the arsenal and the prohibition of the funding of school arts and
trades for the Filipinos, which the General believed as a cover-up for the organization of a political club.

On 20 January 1872, about 200 men comprised of soldiers, laborers of the arsenal, and residents
of Cavite headed by Sergeant Lamadrid rose in arms and assassinated the commanding officer and
Spanish officers in sight. The insurgents were expecting support from the bulk of the army
unfortunately, that didn’t happen. The news about the mutiny reached authorities in Manila and Gen.
Izquierdo immediately ordered the reinforcement of Spanish troops in Cavite. After two days, the
mutiny was officially declared subdued.

Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a powerful lever
by magnifying it as a full-blown conspiracy involving not only the native army but also included residents
of Cavite and Manila, and more importantly the native clergy to overthrow the Spanish government in
the Philippines. It is noteworthy that during the time, the Central Government in Madrid announced its
intention to deprive the friars of all the powers of intervention in matters of civil government and the
direction and management of educational institutions. This turnout of events was believed by Tavera,
prompted the friars to do something drastic in their dire desire to maintain power in the Philippines.

IRON FIST- - is used in reference to the exercise of power in an oppressive or ruthless way.