CONCEPT OF THE FUTURE

CADASTRE SYSTEM
(ISSUES & CHALLENGES)
INTRODUCTION
A cadastre is the core of a land administration system and is
defined as a parcel based and up-to-date land information
system containing a record of interests in land.

Includes a geometric description of land parcels linked to other

records describing the nature of interests, the ownership or
control of those interests (e.g. rights, restrictions and
responsibilities).
International Federation of Surveyors (FIG)
 Based on Torrens System: A two-dimensional (2D) based
Provide security and simplicity concept, defined in terms of length
to all dealings with land and breadth (Northing and Easting
coordinates)

MALAYSIAN
CADASTRE
SYSTEM

A parcel-based land
Two (2) basic components:
information system
•Land Title Registration
• Cadastral Survey and Mapping Registration
ISSUES & CHALLENGES
 How does the cadastre system deal with an urban
situation that is increasingly populated & structurally
complex (multilayered situation) ???
 Multilayered Property Development

Due to scarcity of vacant land, the demand of land for living,

infrastructure facilities either for commercial or industrial
purposes has expanded into more complicated situation space
below and above of each other simultaneously or even
crossing boundary edges by different interested parties called
as ‘Multilayered Situation’
.
 D

PRANGIN MALL (PENANG)

Built on top of each other with public road (Lebuh Lintang)
 KL SENTRAL STATION & TRACK
Constructed above and below the ground surface of public roads and
lot parcels (crossed boundary edges)
Gabba Cricket Stadium in Brisbane, Australia
Overlaps two streets: Vulture Street and Stanley Street
Property (building) over a highway in The Hague,
Netherlands.
Building owner of a property & The Municipality)
The existence of overlapping and interlocking
constructions called for the ability to establish the
multilayered ownerships in a three-dimensional
situation.

HOWEVER

No consideration for the current cadastral system to

register and facilitate the legal status of multilayered
properties, which is able to represent the real world
situation.
 Hardly difficult to define the
ownerships of multilayered
properties in the registry document
due to the legal changes in the land
registries did not follow the current
growing demand
The lack of advanced concept in
the cadastral survey practice such
as 3D data acquisition , 3D
adjustment and 3D survey data
(Certified Plan)

Cadastral
Land Title THE LIMITATION OF THE CURRENT Survey and
Registration CADASTRE SYSTEM FOR 3D Mapping
System MULTILAYED SITUATION Registration
System

The ownership of the property The multilayered properties cannot

objects in space above and/or be practically defined as cadastral
below the public roads and other objects in the ‘Digital Cadastral
constructions is disputable. Database’ .
 WHAT IS 3D CADASTRE
• A cadastre that registers and gives insight into
rights and restrictions not only on surface
parcels (lots), but on 3D property objects
those may located in space above and below
the ground surface parcel.

• 3D legal status of property units, not only to

recognize who the owner is, but also to
indicate who is responsible for the properties
and objects in case of accidents and damage.
 BENEFITS OF 3D CADASTRE
• Introduced more advanced features in 3-
Dimensional approach which;
- Volumes, parts of spaces & not just
areas, parts of the earth’s surface
• Avoid many ownership confusions
• Provide better information for various professions
• Better understanding of the objects or properties
on different layer (on, above and below ground
surface)
 BENEFITS OF 3D CADASTRE
• Support the real property market
- Modern and multi-level constructions
influence the economic value of land
parcel and always connected with
investor in order to establish rights,
restrictions and responsibilities in more
secure and transferable
 Empirical Case Study

Multilayered building constructions below and above ground surface in

Prangin Mall Shopping Complex & Kompleks Tun Abdul Razak (KOMTAR)
in Penang
 Problem Identification

There are various difficulties were encountered in the present legal

documents for recognizing the multi-owners (different owners) at the
same time.

The rights of ownership on the

part of building (B) and
basement parking (E) located
above and below the public
road (D) are not clearly defined
(unrecognized rights of
ownership) because the rights
of ownership on public road
(Lebuh Lintang) is under
Penang Municipal Council
(Local Authority) jurisdiction.
Application of 3D Cadastre Proposed Solution

The Concept of ‘limited of height’ for Multilayered

Properties by Different Interested Parties
Bounding the space of the surface parcels into different
layers (separating them from the surface parcels)
 An extraction of cadastral units (1 & 2) into individual
volumetric parcel separately with respect to a number of
different interested parties.

Prangin Mall Penang Municipal council

Management
Coorporation
 MULTI-PURPOSE CADASTRE IN
MALAYSIA (MPC)
• An integrated land information system
includes legal, revenue, planning and physical
information
• Designed not only to provide information
about land only
• A wide variety of parcel object related
information using large scale base map
 MULTI-PURPOSE CADASTRE IN
MALAYSIA (MPC)
• Cadastral parcels with heights data
• Building footprints
• 3D building including strata and stratum
• Underground utility objects (such as pipes and
cables), and
• 3D city models
‘MPC’ CONCEPT
THANK YOU