Jane Austen's Enduring Cultural Appeal

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Section-I Section-II
Section - II
DIRECTIONS for question: The following question has a paragraph from which the last
sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the sentence that
completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
The last quarter century has s een the novel's cultural importance dwindle
dramatically, and not just new novels. And yet Jane Austen remains not only well-read
but culturally present and alive to an extent that other classic novelists (excepting
Dickens) do not. It is worth understanding why, not so much in order to appreciate
Austen more deeply but in order to see what cultural life the novel may still have in it.
In the Victorian era, the Tories (the term became a shorthand for members of the
conservative party) felt queasy about the cultural effects of industrialization. They
praised Austen for documenting a time of quiet, domestic triumph, when England's best
families "vegetated quietly on a fixed income." In 1900, the Church of England tried to
memorialize this domestic and pious version of Austen by installing a stained glass
window honouring her in Winchester Cathedral, where she had been buried years
before. After its unveiling, the Winchester Diocesan Chronicle announced that the
"object of the figures and text was to illustrate the high moral and religious teaching"
of Austen's writing. The "moral" part is plausible, but as for "religious," apparently
nobody told the editors of the Winchester Diocesan Chronicle that Mr Collins, the
stupidest person in Pride and Prejudice and one of the great figures of ridicule in
English fiction, is a clergyman. After 1914 the emphasis shifted. And suddenly it was
Austen's detachment and glinting irony that people admired.
Running alongside this persistent interest in Austen as a model of English character

has been an obsession with the habits, houses, opinions, clothes and mysteries of the
author herself. In 1901, Constance Hill published Jane Austen: Her Homes and her
Friends, a kind of extended literary pilgrimage to the places where Austen lived and
worked. It set off such a frenzy of Janeism that within a few years Henry James would
be complaining about "the body of publishers, editors, [and] illustrators. … who have
found their 'dear', our dear, everybody's dear, Jane so infinitely to their material
purpose."
The original, early-20th century outburst of Janeism may well have faded into
historical obscurity were it not for an English tutor named Robert William Chapman
who, in 1923 published Jane Austen's novels in a scholarly edition. Chapman's five-
volume set made Austen academically respectable. A novelist's public popularity may
wax and wane, but universities can ensure that a writer's long-term reputation
weathers periods of disregard. It is thanks to Chapman that we can consider Austen's
works, as Henry James put it, "shelved and safe for all time."
Many critics now ascribe Austen's primary importance to her invention of "free indirect
discourse," whereby the voices of a novel's characters are allowed to inflect or even
take over the narration itself. Take the section in Emma where we are told that Emma
is considering how she can influence Harriet Smith: "It would be an interesting, and
certainly very kind undertaking; highly becoming her own situation in life, her leisure,
and powers". That self-regarding voice is not the narrator's but that of Emma. Today it
can be hard to recognize particular instances of this literary technique, simply because
"free indirect discourse", for many people, is just what novels sound like.
31. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(1) present a historical approach to study the novel as an anthology of cultural artefacts.
(2) discuss the development and impact of the novel, with Austen as an example.
(3) assay the cultural capital of the novel and highlight its influence on the Victorian era.
(4) critically evaluate the reasons for Jane Austen's appeal to be enduring.
Solution (Your Answer: NA)
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purpose."
32. All of the following can be inferred to be true of the Victorian era from the
passage EXCEPT:
(1) The C onservative Party was concerned about the cultural fallout of industrialization.
(2) The C hurch of England pitched Austen as pious.
(3) The author is sceptical of the attempt by the church to portray Austen as pietistic.
(4) Industrialization assured prosperity among England's aristocracy.

purpose."
33. The most likely reason that the author mentions the observations of Henry James
is to
(1) assert that Austen is a canonical English novelist par excellence.

(2) satirize the surge in the interest in Austen's personal life.
(3) introduce the opinion that Austen was overrated as an author.
(4) appropriate Austen to support his own literary theory involving the role of the novel in culture.

purpose."
34. The view mentioned in the sentence given in boldface in the passage refers to the
fact that
(1) 'free indirect discourse' is entirely absent in today's novels.

(2) narration in third person is the norm in today's novels.
(3) many perceive today's novels as presenting the thoughts or view points of characters through
the narrator.
(4) many of today's novels are perceived as having characters speak through the narrator.
DIRECTIONS for question: In the following question, the word in capitals is used in four
different ways. Choose the option in which the usage of the word is INCORRECT or
INAPPROPRIATE.
35. FLY
(1) Hritik was apprehensive that his father would fly off the handle on seeing his report card.
fly in
(2) A strong urge to fly into the face of convention prompted him to take up arts for his graduation
when all his siblings were doctors.
(3) He is so adept at playing the keyboard that his fingers just fly across the keys.
(4) Rumours were flying around the city just a few days before they got married.
Solution (Your Answer: 4)
DIRECTIONS for question: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given
below.
A team of five members has to be selected from among 11 players - A through K.
Among them B, C, D and E are the only senior players and at least one among them
must be selected. If A is selected, then K should be selected. If D is selected, then
neither I nor J can be selected. If G is selected, then neither H nor F can be selected.
36. If D is the only senior player selected, then who among the following cannot be
selected
(1) A
(2) K
(3) G
(4) F
below.
37. If exactly four non-senior players are selected and G is one of them, then who
among the following must be selected?
(1) B
(2) I
(3) A
(4) K
below.
38. If three senior players are selected, in how many ways can a team with neither D
nor G be selected?
(1) 7 ways
(2) 11 ways
(3) 16 ways
(4) 21 ways
39. We are forced to stumble through our chemically challenged lives in a

chemosensory biosphere, relying on sound and vision that evolved primarily for life in
the trees. Only through science and technology has humanity penetrated the immense
sensory worlds in the rest of the biosphere. With instrumentation, we are able to peer
into the sensory worlds of the rest of life. And in the process, we have learned to see
almost to the end of the universe, and have estimated the time of its beginning.
______________________________.
(1) Our poor ability to smell and taste is reflected in the small size of our chemosensory
vocabularies, forcing us for the most part to fall back on similes and other forms of metaphor.
(2) We will never orient by feeling Earth's magnetic field, or sing in pheromone, but we can bring
all such information existing into our own little sensory realm.
(3) By using this power in addition to examine human history, we can gain insights into the origin
and nature of aesthetic judgement.
(4) A vine has a delicate bouquet, we say, its taste is full and somewhat fruity; a scent is like that
of a rose, or pine, or rain newly fallen on the earth.
DIRECTIONS for question: There are two blanks in the following sentence. From the
pairs of words given below, choose the pair that fills the blanks most appropriately.
40. The author offers up a king who was the very essence and ____________ of
chivalry, seeing himself as Arthur incarnate, despite the fact that many have dismissed
the king as a warmonger and ____________, burdening England with taxes to pay for
his impetuous or "absurd" campaigns.
(1) eulogium . . . enroacher

(2) archetype . . . autocrat
(3) cavalier . . . philanderer
(4) epitome . . . despot
perfect example
DIRECTIONS for question: In the question, there are five sentences or parts of
sentences that form a paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s)
that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage (including spelling, punctuation and
logical consistency). Then, choose the most appropriate option.
for all it's faults

41. (a) Foreign aid, for its faults, has brought some benefit to millions, often in ways
that have gone unnoticed. have been provided
(b) The guerrillas in the Philippines were provided with jobs by the World Bank.
(c) Irrigation projects have more than doubled the incomes of farmers enough lucky
to get water. lucky enough
(d) Education projects have brought literacy to rural areas.
(e) In few countries, however, have AIDS projects helped contain the spread of this
deadly disease.
(1) d and e
(2) b, c and e
(3) a, b and d
(4) b and d
DIRECTIONS for question: The sentences given in the following question, when properly
sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. The
sentence labelled 'a' is in the correct place. From among the four choices given below
the question, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent
paragraph.
42. (a) As Adam was going homeward, on Wednesday evening, in the six o'clock
sunlight, he saw in the distance the last load of barley winding its way towards the
yard-gate of the Hall Farm, and heard the chant of "Harvest Home!" rising and sinking
like a wave.
(b) The low westering sun shone right on the shoulders of the old Binton Hills, turning
the unconscious sheep into bright spots of light; it shone on the windows of the cottage
too, and made them aflame with a glory beyond that of amber or amethyst.
(c) It was enough to make Adam feel that he was in a great temple, and that the
distant charm was a sacred song.
(d) "It's wonderful", he thought, "how the beauty of the scenery goes to one's mind
and that sound goes to one's heart almost like a funeral bell, for it tells one all of the
joyfullest time of the year, and the time when men are mostly the thankfullest."
(e) Fainter and fainter, and more musical through the growing distance, the falling
dying sounds still reached him, as he neared the Willow Brook.
(1) ebcd
(2) bcde
(3) cedb
(4) becd
DIRECTIONS for question: Read the following passage and answer the questions that
follow it.
Some say that a new form of capitalism provides new possibilities for emancipation.
This at any rate is the thesis of Hardt and Negri's Multitude, which tries to radicalise
Marx, who held that if we just cut the head off capitalism we'd get socialism. Marx, as
they see it, was historically constrained: he thought in terms of centralised, automated
and hierarchically organised industrial labour, with the result that he understood
'general intellect' as something rather like a central planning agency; it is only today,
with the rise of 'immaterial labour', that a revolutionary reversal has become
'objectively possible'. This immaterial labour extends between two poles: from
intellectual labour (the production of ideas, texts, computer programs etc) to affective
labour (carried out by doctors, babysitters and flight attendants). Today, immaterial
labour is hegemonic in the sense in which Marx proclaimed that, in 19th-century
capitalism, large industrial production was hegemonic: it imposes itself not through
force of numbers but by playing the key, emblematic structural role. What emerges is
a vast new domain called the 'common': shared knowledge and new forms of
communications and co-operation. The products of immaterial production aren't
objects but new social or interpersonal relations; immaterial production is bio-political,
the production of social life.
Hardt and Negri are here describing the process that the ideologists of today's
'postmodern' capitalism celebrate as the passage from material to symbolic
production, from centralist-hierarchical logic to the logic of self-organization and
multi-centred co-operation. The difference is that Hardt and Negri are faithful to Marx:
they are trying to prove that he was right, that the rise of the 'general intellect' is in
the long term incompatible with cap italism. The ideologists of postmodern capitalism
are making exactly the opposite claim: Marxist theory (and practice), they argue,
remains within the constraints of the hierarchical logic of centralised state control and
so can't cope with the social effects of the information revolution. There are good
empirical reasons for this claim: what effectively ruined the Communist regimes was
their inability to accommodate to the new social logic sustained by the information
revolution. They tried to steer the revolution, to make it yet another large-scale
centralised state-planning project. The paradox is that what Hardt and Negri celebrate
as the unique chance to overcome capitalism is celebrated by the ideologists of the
information revolution as the rise of a new, 'frictionless' capitalism.
43. The passage suggests that Hardt and Negri differ from the ideologists of
postmodern capitalism in
(1) believing in the superiority of intellect over labour.

(2) believing that capitalism has developed a chink in its armour.
(3) asserting the significance of immaterial labour over material labour.
(4) the role of unemployment in toppling regimes.
follow it.
44. Which of the following if true, would most weaken the thesis advanced by Hardt
and Negri?
(1) The privatization of knowledge does not result in surplus profits.

(2) Labour is evaluated by virtue of their competence.
(3) The new avatar of production has rendered capitalism obsolete.
(4) C apitalism has successfully privatized 'general intellect' itself.
follow it.
45. The passage suggests which of the following about the new form of capitalism?
(1) Labour has priced itself out of the world market.

(2) It is driven by collective knowledge.
(3) Social hierarchy is no longer cause for resentment.
(4) It is based on monopoly of resources.
below.
Nine cards are numbered from 2 to 10, with each card bearing a distinct number. They
are equally divided into three groups and put into three boxes - Box 1, Box 2, and Box
3. The sum of the numbers on the cards in the three boxes are denoted by S1, S2 and
S3, in that order. The cards were put in the three boxes subject to the following
conditions:
(i) S2 is as much more than S1 as S3 is more than S2.
(ii) Of the three, S1, S2 and S3, two are prime numbers.
(iii) The difference between S1 and S2 is a prime number.
46. What is the value of S3?
(1) 23
(2) 19
(3) 6
(4) 17
below.
conditions:
47. If no two of the cards numbered 8, 9 and 10 go into the same box, then which of
following must be true?
(1) The card numbered 4 goes into box 1.

below.
conditions:
48. If the numbers on the three cards in Box 2 are in arithmetic progression, then
which of the following is definitely false?
(1) The card numbered 3 is in Box 2.

below.
conditions:
49. If the cards numbered 2 and 7 are in the same box, then which of the following
cards must be in Box 3?
(1) The card numbered 6

follow it.
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was synthesized in 1874 but had no use until

Paul Muller found in 1939 that it killed insects (a discovery that won him the 1948
Nobel Prize in medicine). The "miracle chemical" was rushed into World War II to fight
ticks, lice and malarial mosquitoes. It was quickly recruited to battle malaria and
typhus on the home front. Soon, anyone could buy it at a hardware store to zap
household bugs.
In 1945, Rachel Carson wrote three press releases warning that DDT was toxic to
animals and people, and another on experiments that found it lethal to fish and birds.
Carson was incensed at how casually the chemicals (including herbicides and
fungicides) were sprayed. Yet while the Fish and Wildlife Service was issuing ever
stronger warnings, the Department of Agriculture across town was working with the
chemical industry to expand pesticide use. But her next book, "Silent Spring",
published in 1962, startled the world with a frightening warning about the burgeoning
overuse of synthetic pesticides.
Mr. William Souder calls "Silent Spring" a "blistering polemic" meant to scare the
bejesus out of people. Now 50 years old, it remains the subject of partisan celebration
and castigation. Mr. Souder is good on the celebration: "Silent Spring was many things
- plea and polemic and prayer - but most important it was right." For those requiring
amplification of the continuing ire, there is "Silent Spring at 50: The False Crises of
Rachel Carson," a collection of essays published by the Cato Institute, a libertarian
think tank. They say that she slanted, distorted and exaggerated pesticide evils
(specifically, that birds were already making a comeback thanks to conservation
efforts when "Silent Spring" was published). She ignored their positive economic and
public-health benefits. She hamstrung innovation by fostering a prove-no-harm-first
mentality. She was responsible for millions of preventable deaths from malaria.
"Carson's particular genius was in making science come so alive that the reader did
not think of it as science," notes Mr. Souder. "Silent Spring" was only one of many such
polemics, but it is the one that got read. All sorts of people were warning of potential
dangers of synthetic chemicals, the science of which was only vaguely understood at
the time.
"Silent spring" was so popular that it got a plug from President John. F. Kennedy in
1962 when he was asked if the government needed to take a closer look at pesticide
dangers. "Yes, and I know that they already are [looking]. I think particularly, of
course, since Miss Carson's book". Writes Mr. Souder: "In this brief exchange
something new came into the world, the moment when the gentle, optimistic
proposition called 'conservation' began its transformation into the bitterly divisive
idea that would come to be known as 'environmentalism'". There followed the Clean Air
Act (1963), the first Earth Day (1970), the Environmental Protection Agency (1970),
the domestic DDT ban (1972), the Clean Water Act (1972) and the Endangered Species
Act (1973).
But did Carson's message sink in? Yes and no. Pesticide use hasn't gone down. Today
we use 5.1 billion pounds of it annually, compared with 637 million pounds in 1960,
according to the EPA. But the chemicals are regulated to be safer and more specifically
targeted, and they are arguably used with more care. And the pesticide-free organic
foods movement is flourishing.
50. The passage suggests which of the following about Silent Spring?
(a) It is a narrative on the overuse of pesticides.

(b) Souder criticized the arguments in the book.
(c) The Cato Institute conceded that Carson's warnings were justified.
(d) The book was accessible to people.
(1) a and d
(2) a, b and d
(3) b, c and d
(4) Only a
follow it.

household bugs.
the time.
Act (1973).
51. The tone of the first paragraph is largely one of
(1) pointed reproval

(2) mild sarcasm
(3) appreciative facetiousness
(4) dispassionate conjecture
follow it.

household bugs.
the time.
Act (1973).
52. It can be inferred from the passage that Carson
(a) influenced the decision to ban DDT.

(b) expressed concern over the disappearance of birds due to use of pesticides.
(c) made a case before President Kennedy.
(d) challenged the practices of agricultural scientists and called for a change in the
way humankind viewed the natural world.
(1) a and c
(2) b, c and d
(3) a, b and d
(4) a, b and c
DIRECTIONS for question: In the question, there are five sentences or parts of
sentences that form a paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s)
that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage(including spelling, punctuation and
logical consistency). Then, choose the most appropriate option.
53. (a) A Dickensian mood pervades in Kabul's legal world.

onto
(b) Labyrinthine corridors give into rooms stacked to bursting
(c) with dusty ledgers and hand-scrawled documents.
spread over
(d) With the business of the judiciary spread on about 31 departments,
(e) casefiles have a habit of being rarely, or never, sighted again once they enter
through the system.
(1) a, b and d
(2) a, b, c and e
(3) Only e
(4) Only c
follow it.
Paul and Michael started GiveDirectly in 2008 while pursuing advanced degrees in
economics at Harvard. Their graduate research had uncovered multiple reports
demonstrating the effectiveness of cash transfer as a model to alleviate poverty. They
wanted to donate, but couldn't find a single nonprofit using this approach, so they
created their own.
Today, GiveDirectly remains the first and only nonprofit devoted to unconditional cash
transfers directly to the impoverished. Their lean model uses mobile-based banking
technology from M-Pesa to transfer 90% of the money raised into the hands of the
poor. Just 10% is spent on transfer fees and the cost of locating and enrolling
recipients.
Since launching in Kenya, GiveDirectly continues to evaluate its approach with

randomized control trials. They compare developmental outcomes of households who
have received funding against those who haven't. Their rigorous data shows that no-
strings attached cash transfers improve health and downstream financial gains. They
also use this data to refine their model, and make it available on their website.
Recipients, who are often living on less than 65 cents a day, invest in everything from
food for starving children to long-term assets, including land, livestock and housing.
The data fights conventional wisdom: Money spent on alcohol and cigarettes either
decreases, stays constant or increases in the same proportion as total other expenses
(approximately 2% to 3%).
Investments in common goods such as roads, school and wells are critical in helping
people out of poverty. But GiveDirectly has a new concept: What if cash transfers are
used as a standard benchmark against which to measure all development aid? What if
every nonprofit that focused on poverty alleviation had to prove they could do more
for the poor with a dollar than the poor could do for themselves?
In this world, cash transfers could be a sizeable share of your philanthropic portfolio
and a benchmark used to evaluate more expensive, "actively managed" investments.
We'd learn more about which programs need additional funding and which are falling
below the "direct to the poor" mark.
54. According to the passage, which of the following choices depicts the correct
sequence of the GiveDirectly model?
(i) GiveDirectly transfers your donation to the recipient.
(ii) You donate to GiveDirectly.
(iii) The recipient uses the transfer to pursue his or her own goals.
(iv) GiveDirectly locates poor households in Kenya.
(1) iv-i-iii-ii
(2) ii-iv-i-iii
(3) iv-ii-iii-i
(4) ii-i-iv-iii
follow it.
created their own.
recipients.

55. The passage mentions which of the following as a possible consequence of the
"standard benchmark" mentioned in the passage?
(a) Nonprofits that can do more for the poor with a dollar than the poor could do for
themselves may not get financial aid.
(b) Nonprofits that cannot do more for the poor with a dollar than the poor could do
for themselves may get financial aid.
(c) Nonprofits that can do more for the poor with a dollar than the poor could do for
themselves may get financial aid.
(d) Nonprofts that cannot do more for the poor with a dollar than the poor could do
for themselves may not get financial aid.
(1) c, d
(2) b, c
(3) a, b
(4) a, d
follow it.
created their own.
recipients.

56. According to the passage, if the researchers had NOT found that the "data fights
conventional wisdom", the general public would have believed that
(1) the poor spend equally on all non-essentials.

(2) the poor cannot afford to spend on non-essentials.
(3) the poor spend all the money they can on smoking and drinking.
(4) the poor do not spend an inordinate amount of their disposable income on smoking and
drinking.
DIRECTIONS for question: The following question presents four statements, of which
three, when placed in appropriate order, would form a contextually complete
paragraph. Pick the statement that is not part of the context.
57.
(1) Yet falling transport costs have made this centripetal force less important over the past half-
century, leaving many industrial cities, like Detroit, in deep trouble.
(2) Isolated businesses could not match the cost savings from compact urban supply chains.
(3) That makes more densely populated places more attractive to people who want to share
knowledge.
(4) In the industrial era, cities boomed because expensive transport made it attractive for firms to
locate near coal deposits, waterways and each other.
DIRECTIONS for question: The sentences given in the following question, when properly
sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. From
among the four choices given below the question, choose the most logical order of
sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.
58. (a) Plans can be tentative, fluid, subject to continual revision; yet flexibility
need not mean shortsightedness.
(b) To plan for a more distant future does not mean to tie oneself to dogmatic
programs.
(c) It means an infusion of the entire society, from top to bottom, with a new socially
aware future-consciousness.
(d) To transcend narrow focus, our social time horizons must reach decades, even
generations, into the future.
(e) This requires more than a lengthening of our formal plans.
(1) abdec
(2) badec
(3) dceba
(4) dcbea
DIRECTIONS for question: Answer the questions independently of each other.
59. If the monsoon arrives on time, then at least one of the following will take place:
(i) Inflation will not increase.
(ii) Procurement prices will be rationalised.
Which of the following statements can be logically deduced from the above
information?
(1) If the monsoon arrives on time and procurement prices are not rationalised, then inflation will
increase.
(2) If the monsoon does not arrive on time and inflation increases, then procurement prices will be
rationalised.
(3) If the monsoon does not arrive on time and inflation increases, then procurement prices will
not be rationalised.
(4) If the monsoon arrives on time and inflation increases, then procurement prices will be
rationalised.
60. Money lenders cheat a villager, if the villager cannot read. Every villager who
completed schooling can read. Only those who can read can write. If Ghanshyam, a
villager, was not cheated by the money lenders, which of the following can be
concluded about Ghanshyam?
(1) He can read but he may or may not be able to write.

(2) He completed schooling and can also write.
(3) He can read and but cannot write.
(4) He completed schooling but cannot write.
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Jane Austen's Enduring Cultural Appeal

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Running alongside this persistent interest in Austen as a model of English character

31. The primary purpose of the passage is to

Running alongside this persistent interest in Austen as a model of English character

Running alongside this persistent interest in Austen as a model of English character

(1) assert that Austen is a canonical English novelist par excellence.

Running alongside this persistent interest in Austen as a model of English character

(1) 'free indirect discourse' is entirely absent in today's novels.

39. We are forced to stumble through our chemically challenged lives in a

(1) eulogium . . . enroacher

for all it's faults

(1) believing in the superiority of intellect over labour.

(1) The privatization of knowledge does not result in surplus profits.

(1) Labour has priced itself out of the world market.

46. What is the value of S3?

(1) The card numbered 4 goes into box 1.

(1) The card numbered 3 is in Box 2.

(1) The card numbered 6

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was synthesized in 1874 but had no use until

(a) It is a narrative on the overuse of pesticides.

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was synthesized in 1874 but had no use until

51. The tone of the first paragraph is largely one of

(1) pointed reproval

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was synthesized in 1874 but had no use until

52. It can be inferred from the passage that Carson

(a) influenced the decision to ban DDT.

53. (a) A Dickensian mood pervades in Kabul's legal world.

Since launching in Kenya, GiveDirectly continues to evaluate its approach with

Since launching in Kenya, GiveDirectly continues to evaluate its approach with

Since launching in Kenya, GiveDirectly continues to evaluate its approach with

(1) the poor spend equally on all non-essentials.

DIRECTIONS for question: Answer the questions independently of each other.

(1) He can read but he may or may not be able to write.

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