CHM477 (INTRODUCTION TO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

1) Valence Bond Theory

Hybridization of atomic orbitals (sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d and sp3d2)
Orbital shapes and energies (s, p and d)

2) Molecular Orbital Theory

Types of molecular orbitals
Homonuclear diatomic molecules (second period elements)
Heteronuclear diatomic molecules (NO, HF and CN)
Bond order

3) Metallic Bonding
Electron sea model
Band theory of metals

4) First Row Transition Metals

Electron configuration
General characteristics of transition metals, physical properties and variables
Oxidation states

5) Coordination Compounds
Ligands
Coordination number
Nomenclature

6) Isomerism
Structural isomerism: ionization, hydrate, linkage and coordination isomers
Stereoisomerism: geometric and optical isomers

7) Bonding Theory
Valance bond theory: sp3, dsp2, sp3d2 and d2sp3

8) Crystal Field Theory

Octahedral complexes
Tetrahedral complexes
Square planar complexes

9) Properties of Complexes
Spectrochemical series of ligands
Magnetism
Coloured compounds

10) Stabilization of Complex Ions

Complex ion equilibrium (ligands replacement)
Chelate effect
Macrocyclic effect
11) Metal Complexes in Biological Systems
Hemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin
Toxicity of CO and CN in hemoglobin
CMT405 (UNIT OPERATION IN CHEMICAL PROCESS)
1) Mass Balance
1. Introduction to mass transfer
2. General Mass Balance Equations
3. Mass Balance Calculations-Non-Reactive Process
4. Mass Balance on Multiple Unit Process
5. Mass Balances Calculation

2) Energy Balance
1. Forms of Energy: The First Law of Thermodynamics.
2. Energy Balance on Closed System and Steady State.
3. Energy Balance on Open System and Steady State.
4. Mechanical Energy Balance

3) Distillation
Distillation
1. Definition and general description of the process
2. Physical concepts of distillation
3. Vapour-liquid equilibrium relationship
4. Relative volatility
5. Batch distillation
6. Continuous distillation
7. Azeotropic distillation
8. Multicomponent distillation (MCD)

4) Gas Absorption
1. Definition, applications, and notations used in gas absorption
2. Gas-liquid equilibrium for the ideal solution according to Raoult's law
3. Packed tower - description and design
4. Multistage counter-current operation - graphical method to determine the number of theoretical
stages
5. Two film theory of gases-liquid system
6. Determination of tower height

5) Liquid - liquid Extraction

1. Definition and application
2. Solvent selectivity
3. Phase diagrams
4. Single?stage calculation
5. Multi-stage counter current system
6. Graphical method-mass balance
7. Liquid-liquid extraction equipment

6) Special Topics
1. Membrane separation
2. Leaching
3. Size reduction equipment
4. Drying equipment and applications
CMT450 (UNIT OPERATION IN CHEMCAL PROCESSES LABORATORY)

1) 1. Introduction to the course, handling and safety rules, lab rules and regulations
Welcoming student to campus.
Safety briefing and laboratory rules and regulations

2) Experiment 1
a. Conducting the experiment
b. Analysing the experimental data
c. Writing the laboratory report

3) Experiment 2
a. Conducting the experiment
b. Analysing the experimental data
c. Writing the laboratory report

4) Experiment 3
a. Conducting the experiment
b. Analysing the experimental data
c. Writing the laboratory report

5) Experiment 4
a. Conducting the experiment
b. Analysing the experimental data
c. Writing the laboratory report

6) Assessment
N/A

7) Assessment
N/A

8) Experiment 5
a. Conducting the experiment
b. Analysing the experimental data
c. Writing the laboratory report

9) Experiment 6
a. Conducting the experiment
b. Analysing the experimental data
c. Writing the laboratory report

10) Experiment 7
a. Conducting the experiment
b. Analysing the experimental data
c. Writing the laboratory report
11) Experiment 8
a. Conducting the experiment
b. Analysing the experimental data
c. Writing the laboratory report

12) Assessment
N/A

13) Assessment
N/A
CMT458 (CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS)

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope of subject
1.2 Terms and definitions: system, intensive and extensive properties, state and path functions,
processes, reversible, equilibrium
1.3 Form of energy : Internal, Kinetic, Potential, Nuclear
1.4 Energy and environment : Ozone and smog, Greenhouse effect

2) 2. PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES

2.1 Pure substance
2.2 Phase changes, property diagram
2.3 Law of Corresponding state, critical properties
2.4 Steam table
2.5 Ideal gas, real gas
2.6 Equation of State

3) 3. ENERGY TRANSFER BY HEAT WORK AND MASS

3.1 Heat transfer
3.2 Energy transfer by work
3.3 Mechanical form of work

4) 4. FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

4.1 First law: open and closed system
4.2 Reversible isothermal and adiabatic expansion of ideal gas
4.3 Enthalpy of reaction
4.4 Effects of temperature on enthalpy change

5) 5. SECOND AND THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

5.1 Statements of second law, entropy
5.2 Statistical interpretation of entropy
5.3 Heat engine, heap pump and refrigerator : Carnot cycle and thermodynamic efficiency
5.4 Entropy
5.5 Entropy change in pure substance
5.6 Entropy calculations for physical and chemical processes
5.7 Third law of thermodynamics

6) 6. FREE ENERGY AND CHEMICAL POTENTIAL

6.1 Free energy function and properties
6.2 Free energy and spontaneity
6.3 Gibb?s free energy and its temperature dependence
6.4 Chemical equilibrium calculations
CMT460 (MEKANIK BENDALIR)

1) Introduction to properties of fluids and measurements

1.1. Basic concepts of fluid mechanics
1.1.1 Fluid statistic
1.1.2 Fluid kinematics
1.1.3 Fluid dynamics
1.2 Fluids and their properties
1.2.1 Density
1.2.2 Viscosity
1.2.3 Surface tension

2) Fluid Static
2.1 Pressure head
2.2 Pascal?s law
2.3 Hydraulic jack/press
2.4 Manometer
2.4.1 Simple
2.4.2 Differential
2.4.3 Inverted

3) Liquid in motion
3.1 Types of flow
3.1.1 Laminar flow
3.1.2 Transitional flow
3.1.3 Turbulent flow

3.2 Reynolds number

4) Bernoulli?s equation
4.1 Definition and description of Bernoulli?s equation
4.2 Mechanical-energy balance in potential flow
4.3 Principle operation and applications of Bernoulli?s equation in
4.3.1 Venturimeter
4.3.2 Orifice meter
4.3.3 Pitot tube
4.3.4 Siphon
4.3.5 Nozzle
4.4 Bernoulli?s equation with resistance
4.4.1 Resistance due to pipe friction
4.4.2 Resistance due to fittings
4.4.3 Equivalent length

5) Hydraulic coefficients
5.1 Coefficient of discharge
5.2 Coefficient of contraction
5.3 Coefficient of velocity
6) Flow in Open Channel
6.1 Introduction to notch and weir
6.2 Flow measurement in rectangular notch and weir (Francis Formula, Torricelli's Theorem, Effect of
End Contraction and velocity of Approach)
6.3 Flow Measurement for triangular Notch
6.4 Ventilation over the rectangular weirs

7) Pipe Flow measurement

7.1 General Characteristic of pipe flow
7.2 Introduction to pipe system
7.3 Pipe Flow vs Open Chanel Flow
7.4 Lamina vs Turbulent Flow in pipe system
7.5 Introduction to Hagen Poiseuille?s law
7.6 Assumption in Hagen Poiseuille?s law, Boundary Condition
7.7 Distribution of Velocity over a pipe section, Mean velocity
7.8 Darcy-Weisbach formula for head loss dua to frictional resistance
7.9 Friction Factor Chart, Shear stress and Reynolds Number
7.10 Flow through a pump ( Calculation of head develop, power input, power ouput, power
efficiency)
CMT470 (HEAT TRANSFER)

Introduction to Heat Transfer

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Methods of heat transfer
1.3 Heat transfer by Conduction - Fourier's Law

2) Steady flow of heat in homogeneous bodies

2.1 Resistance in series
2.2 Resistance in parallel
2.3 Mean area and mean temperature difference

3) Heat transfer by convection

3.1 Concept of fil resistance
3.2 Overall coefficient of heat transfer
3.3 Evaluation of individual film coefficients
3.4 Critical thickness of insulation

4) Free and forced convection

4.1 Velocity boundary layer
4.2 Thermal boundary layer
4.3 Laminar boundary layer flow over a flat plate
4.4 Turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate

5) Radiation
5.1 Radiative properties
5.2 Spectral effects
5.3 Geometric effects
5.4 Relations between view factors

6) Design and prediction of performance of heat exchangers

6.1 Types of heat exchangers
6.2 Fouling factors
6.3 LMTD method
6.4 NTU method