St.

Paul University Philippines

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500

SCHOOL OF NURSING and ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES - GRADUATE SCHOOL

COLLEGE OF NURSING

MSN201 – CLINICAL REASONING and TEACHING

2nd Trimester School Year 2018-2019

EVIDENCE-BASED PROGRAM/INTERVENTION PLAN

Name of Student: _________________________________________________

ID Number: _________________________________________________

Date of Submission: _________________________________________________

Grade: __________________________________________________________

Checked and graded by:

Ms. Alida L. Marallag, RN, MHPEd

Date:

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A. Brief description of the occupational health need, illness/health problem or risk
Teaching is undoubtedly the noblest of all professions and the most fulfilling. It is important to note that teachers make
up a large workforce that impact society. In the Philippines, teaching is still a much sought after profession due to the
cultural and societal prestige attached to it. While it is noble and fulfilling, it is likewise undeniably a highly stressful
and demanding endeavor.
In a recently published article by the Philippine Heart Association (PHA), it has informed that more than one out of
four of public school teachers in 35 areas of Valenzuela City from 2010 to 2013 had an elevated blood pressure (BP)
equal or more than 140/90 mmHg. How many of school teachers across the country with existing high blood pressure
and those undiagnosed remain to be unknown.

B. Name of the occupational health intervention or program (to resolve the health need/problem/risk)
“Anti-hypertension Program para sa mga Sir at Ma’am”

C. Review of Literature
a) Causes of hypertension: The following articles were reviewed as to the causes of hypertension among school teachers.
According to the World Health Organization (2013), decreased physical activities, increased mental tension,
overweight and obesity are supposed to be important contributors of hypertension. More importantly, they are commonly seen
among sedentary professionals that include teachers.
The study conducted by Chetia, Gogoi and Baruah (2017) among high school teachers in the Dibrugarh District of
India aged 21 to 60 years found out that among 335 study participants, 45.4% were hypertensive while the remaining 54.6%
were not. It was noted that those who had stress as a problem had highest prevalence of hypertension (84.6%). The association
between prevalence of hypertension and occupational stress of the study participants was observed to be statistically significant
as (p<0.05).
Another study by Barua, Alam, Parvin and Chowdhury (2017) in Bangladesh was aimed to determine the prevalence
and risk factors of hypertension among school teachers in Dhaka city. They employed a cross-sectional study where a total of
323 school teachers in the capital city aged between 25-59 years were sampled by cluster random sampling technique. The
results found that the prevalence of hypertension among school teachers was 52%. The development of hypertension was

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 significantly associated with age, monthly family income and service duration (p=0.001). Female teachers were more
hypertensive compared to male (68% versus 32%). Taking extra salt, low intake of fresh vegetables, higher waist
circumference, and mental distress were found to be significantly associated with having a higher blood pressure. The study
recommended that building awareness by promoting healthy life style and behaviors for prevention and control of hypertension
should be given importance among teachers.

b) Possible solutions/interventions: The following articles were reviewed as to the possible solutions to the control and
management of hypertension.
A quasi-experimental study which determined the effectiveness of a short-term educational program on the level of
knowledge, lifestyle changes, and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients was conducted by Beigi, Zibaeenezhad,
Aghasadeghi, Jokar, Shekarforoush,& Khazraei (2014) in Iran. There were 112 patients selected through systematic random
sampling and the data collected consisted of baseline characteristics and measurements of blood pressure. Educational
programs such as face to face counseling on the definitions of hypertension, nutrition and exercise management were given by
experts. Then, multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between education and hypertension. The results
showed that at baseline, the scores of aware, treated, and controlled hypertensive patients were 21%, 20%, and 12%,
respectively. However, these measures were increased to 92%, 95%, and 51%, respectively at the end of the study. The mean
knowledge scores improved from 2.77 ± 2.7 to 7.99 ± 1.78 after 3 months (P < 0.001). Also, the mean lifestyle scores changed
from 3.15 ± 1.52 to 4.53 ± 1.23 (P < 0.001). The results of the study indicated that the educational programs were effective in
increasing knowledge, improving self-management, and controlling detrimental lifestyle habits of the patients with
hypertension.
(You can briefly synthesize all related literature you have read here…)

C. Goal of the intervention or program

The main goal of the program is to help prevent the increasing incidence of hypertension among the public elementary
school teachers in Tuguegarao City and minimize their risks of the debilitating consequences of hypertension.

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E. Program/InterventionPlan
Strategies or activities Person/s Time Resources Collaborations Outcomes
(3-5) Responsible Frame needed (if needed) (at least 3-5)
a. “Oplan BP  School nurse Every 3 months Blood pressure Official  100% of the public
taking” for school year monitoring device communication with: elementary school
 School 2018 - 2019 teachers have their
administration Health record of  heads of public BPs taken and
teachers schools
 Public school monitored
teachers  heads of  Teachers with
nursing existing hypetension
schools for and those at risk
help of were identified
students and
CIs  Necessary referrals
were made for those
teachers having
extremely high BP
b. Health education  School nurse Monthly activity Visual aides Official  Monthly conduct of
series on: from September communication with: health education
 School 2018 to May Projectors
series from
- Diet administration 2019  DepEd September 2018 to
Bulletin boards
- Exercise  Public school  DOH May 2019
teachers  80 - 100%
- Stress  Key persons
management  Invited resource attendance of the
speakers and public school
facilitators such as teachers on all topics
doctors, nurses,  Clinical evidence of
dietitians, BP reduction among
psychologists, hypertensive public
counsellors, fitness school teachers
trainors, etc…

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c. Physical fitness  School nurse Every 2 months Fitness Official  Conduct of physical
activities for school year paraphernalia communication with: fitness activities
 School 2018 – 2019 every 2 months from
- Fun run administration from September  DepEd September 2018 to
- Walkathon  Public school 2018 to May  DOH May 2019
teachers 2019
- Bike for a  Key persons  80 – 100%
cause  Invited resource attendance of the
facilitators public school
- Zumba teachers on all
- Yoga activities
 Clinical evidence of
BP reduction among
hypertensive public
school teachers
d. Conduct research  School nurse September 2018 ---------------------- Official  2-3 research projects
or studies on – May 2019 communication with: conducted
personal, social  School
and occupational administration  DepEd  factors that increase
factors that BP were identified
 Public school  DOH
increase BP teachers  results and findings
among public  Public school of the research
school teachers administration projects/studies were
 Public health conveyed or publishe
agencies
 Statisticians

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References:
Barua R., Alam, M., Parvin, N. & Chowdhury, R. (2018). Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among school teachers in
Dhaka, Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2018 Sep;6(9):2902-2910. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183625
Beigi, M., Zibaeenezhad, M., Aghasadeghi, K., Jokar, A., Shekarforoush, S., & Khazraei, H. (2014). The Effect of Educational
Programs on Hypertension Management. International Cardiovascular Research Journal 2014;8(3):94-98.icrj. Retrieved on January
10, 2019 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109043/pdf/icrj-08-94.pdf
Chetia D., Gogoi, G., & Baruah, R. (2017). Hypertension and occupational stress among high school teachers of Dibrugarh district.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2018 Jan;5(1):206-209. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-
6040.ijcmph20175783
World Health Organization. World Health Day 2013: A global brief on hypertension. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79059/1/W HO_DCO_WHD_2013.2 eng.pdf. Accessed on January 10, 2019