Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Assignment 4 (Topic 10 and 11)

Name : MUHAMMAD HARITH AQASHA BIN ALFIAN

I/D No : 53104119242 Class : 3AVM2

Answer all the questions . Write your answer under each of the question. You
can use computer for typing the answer. The answer is based on your own
research and reference. Do not copy from your friends and the file upload must
be save as PDF file and dateline must be adhered to.

1. State the difference between ARINC 429, ARINC 629 and ARINC 636 in
term of the characteristics.
ARINC 429 ARINC 629 ARINC 636
- Self clocking - Data bus is - A fiber optic data
and self unshielded, bus.
synchronizing twisted pair of
system called wires bonded
'bipolar return to and terminated
zero' at both ends.
-
- Consist of pair
of twisted wires
with shielding.

2. ARINC 429 data word format can be divided into 5 fields. Explain the label,
SDI and data field and give an example.
Label
- The first 8 bits of the word are octal coded.
- Identities the information contained data such as True Airspeed, Total
Air Temperature.
SDI
- Used to identify the source/destination of a word such as which of a
number of installations the word is coming from or needs to be
directed into.
Data Field
- Contains specific data related to the LABEL.
- For binary word contained in bits 11-28 and binary coded decimal
(BCD) in bits 11-29.
- Any bit not used is filled with logic ‘0’s (pad bits).
3. What is the importance of parity bit? Explain in detail.
The importance of parity bit is it is used to check and error. If receiving the
signal doesn’t contain odd number 1, fault signal will be generated.

4. What is meant Bipolar Return to Zero in ARINC 429 data bus?

Bipolar Return to Zero in ARINC 429 data bus is meant that the output
data is transmitted in binary bit form, ‘1’s and ‘0’s respectively for half of
clock cycle then each pulse return to zero in the middle of clock pulse.

5. Define fiber optics and traditional copper cables and explain the
differences between both.
Copper Cables Fiber Optic
The bandwidth remain the same Greatly increased bandwidth (up to
because it has higher signal Terabit/s) because it has lower
attenuation (loss) signal attenuation (loss).
Copper cables are heavier than Reduced size and weight because
fiber optic because it is made from fiber optic is made from silica.
copper.
The installation cost is more The installation cost is cheaper than
expensive than fiber optic because copper cables because it is made
copper is an expensive material. from silica (source is sand)
The transmission data rate is slower The transmission data rate is faster
than fiber optic. than copper cable.
Need common ground because it No common ground is required
possess electrical conductivity. So because it not possess electrical
that short circuit and sparks would conductivity. So that short circuit
happen. and sparks wouldn’t happen.

6. Which one is the better way of communication; wire or fiber optics?

Why? The better way of communication is fiber optic.

Reason
- It operates at high speeds (up to gigabit/s).
- Fiber optic also have large carrying capacity.
- The signals can be transmitted further without needing to be
“refreshed” or strengthen.
- Fiber optic has greater resistance to electromagnetic, electrical
isolation and low cross talk (interference).
- Fiber optic cables costs much less to maintain.
- Fiber optic has smaller size and weight.
7. Explain the differences between Single Mode and Multi Mode Fiber
Optic ?
SINGLE MODE MULTI MODE
Has small core diameter (5-10µm) Has large diameter core (typically
with an operating wavelength of 100µm) with operating
around 1.5µm. wavelength around 1µm.
Has only 1 angle of incident. Has many angle of incident.
Laser diode as transmitter source. Light emitting diode (LED) as
transmitter source.

8. Explain the process of angle of incident, angle of reflection and angle

of refraction.
Angle of Incident
- The angle between the incident wave and the normal is called
the angle of incidence.
- This angle occurs both at the Reflection of light and Refraction of light.

Angle of Reflection
- The angle between the reflected wave and the normal is called
the angle of reflection.
- The law of reflection states that the angle of incident is equal to the
angle of reflection on smooth and polished surface.
- Angle of reflection occurs when Reflection of light occur.

Angle of Refraction
- Angle of refraction is the angle between the normal and the path of the
wave through the second medium.
- Angle of refraction occurs when Refraction of light occur.
- Refraction is a change in the direction of the wave when a light wave
passes from one medium into a medium having a different velocity
of propagation (the speed waves can travel through a medium).

9. What are light sources for fiber optics?

Light sources for fiber optics are Light Emitting Diode (LED) ad Injection
Laser Diode (ILD).

10. List the application of fiber optics which applied in our daily life.
- Telephone signal
- Internet
- Computer networking