B i o l o g y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

Unit 7 Animal nutrition

PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)
1 B digestion
2 B breaks down protein into amino acids
3 C enamel dentine pulp cement
4 B cholera
5 A gums bleed / bowing of leg bones / muscle weakness and cramps / tiredness
6 B to increase the surface area of fat droplets
7 A 1,6,2,3,5,4
8 D microvilli

Short Answer Questions

9
Oesophagus

Stomach

E/F

Duodenum
F
Pancreas

(a) four labels as above ; ; ; ; [4]

(b) at least one arrow from oesophagus to stomach ;
at least one arrow from stomach to the duodenum ; [2]
(c) four letters as above, F can be used twice [4]

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 B i o l o g y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

10 (a) carbohydrates, proteins and fats ;

vitamins and minerals ;
water ;
fibre ; [4]
(b) three components each with an explanation
the explanations must be linked to the correct component
calcium ; for the development of, bones / skeleton / teeth, of the baby ;
protein ; for growth of the baby ;
carbohydrates / fats ; to provide energy for making milk / to provide energy to the baby ;
vitamin D ; to strengthen the, bones / skeleton / teeth, of the baby ; [6]
11 (a) (i) bile ; [1]
(ii) bile passes from the liver into the gall bladder ;
bile is stored in the gall bladder ;
from the gall bladder bile passes through the bile duct ;
the bile duct opens into the duodenum ; [3]
(iii) bile is alkaline
contains sodium hydrogencarbonate ;
to neutralise, stomach / hydrochloric, acid ;
provides, optimum / best, pH for enzymes in small intestine ; [2]
(iv) bile breaks down large globules of fat into smaller globules ;
the process is emulsification / bile emulsifies fat ;
does not change the chemical nature of the fat ;
increases the surface area of the globules ;
by reducing surface tension of the fat ; [4]
(b) movement of food molecules into cells ;
use of food molecules inside cells ;
any example ; e.g. to make large compounds such as muscle protein, glycogen
for short-term storage in the liver and muscles, fat for long term-storage [2]
12 (a) see Fig. 7.8.3 on page 85
label line to a capillary ;
label line to the lacteal ; [2]
(b) small intestine / ileum / duodenum ; [1]
(c) any 3 from
glucose ; amino acids ; vitamin C ; iron ; calcium ; water ; [3]
(d) villi have a large surface area ;
epithelial cells are covered in microvilli ;
increase the surface area of each cell ;
epithelial cells absorb food substances ;
by diffusion ;
by active transport ;
large surface area needed for movement of substances ;
e.g. to provide space for many carrier proteins ; [6]

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 B i o l o g y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

13 (a) starch is broken down to maltose ;

(catalysed by) amylase ;
hydrolysis / breakdown involves reaction with water ;
(amylase acts) in the mouth ;
(amylase acts) in the small intestine ;
maltose is broken down into glucose ;
(catalysed by) maltase ;
in the small intestine / on the surfaces of epithelial cells ; [5]
(b) 4 ; [1]
(c) enzymes are specific to their substrate ;
the shape of the active sites of the two proteases are different ;
protease 2 has a different active site to protease 1 ;
the two amino acids either side of the bond indicated by 2 in the diagram fit
into the active site of protease 2 ;
the active site of protease 2 is complementary to the shape of the two amino
acids either side of the labelled bond ; [4]
(d) stomach ;
small intestine ; [2]
(e) they are too large ;
to pass through the membranes of the epithelial cells ; [2]
(f) other enzymes break the fragments ;
into amino acids ; [2]

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