Nursing Diagnosis:

- Decreased cardiac output related to increased heart size as evidence by x-ray

- Activity intolerance related to dyspnea as evidence by body malaise

Nursing interventions:

- Palpate peripheral pulse

- Monitor blood pressure
- Assess for abnormal heart sound and lungs
- Monitor results of laboratory and diagnostic test
- Monitor oxygen level
- Administer cardiac glycoside agents, as ordered, for signs of left heart failure and monitor for toxicity
- Position patient to high fowler position

Medications:

- Vasodilators such as nitrates

- ACE inhibitors
- Beta blockers
 Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Non-Modifiable:
Modifiable: - Age
- Lifestyle - Genetics
- Diet - Congenital
- environment - Diabetes
- Gender

S/Sx:
Dyspnea -increase the use of
accessory muscles
-increase heart rate
Hypertension -Paleness
Valvular Disease Myocardial Infarction
-Body malaise

Increase cardiac workload

-Increase heart size and mass

Increase wall stress
-increase protein synthesis
-Abnormal proteins
-Fibrosis Test:
-Inadequate vasculature Muscles stretch Ripening of cardiac -X-Ray
muscles -ECG

Hypertrophy
Cardiac dysfunction
Cardiomegaly Cardiomyopathy

-Heart Failure Compensated cardiac

-Arrhythmias output Anemia
-Neurohumonal stimulation S/Sx:
-abnormal heart rhythm
-swelling
-Dyspnea Pulmonary
-Fainting hypertension
-Chest Pain