CHAPTER – 2

RESEARCH DESIGN

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

ORGANISATIONAL STUDY OF KEMPEGOWDA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (KIA),

BANGALORE

The background of the study is to learn the distinct functionalities at Kempegowda

international airport with relevance to different operational areas. This study is direct towards
an understanding of dynamic departmental areas that gives the functionality of each
departments. The study was made to understand the frequent changes that happens across the
operational areas which never be the same. The functionalities of each departmental areas is
changing in the position but there is no functionality drawback. This document is trying to tell
how we can create a new way to get a dynamic flow in operations. The documentation of KIA
Bangalore was to obtain real experience of the exclusive operation of dynamic functional
areas. The motive of the study was to understand how each functional area works in the form
of service oriented and whims of the passengers in travelling across the world.

LITERATURE REVIEW

BLR Airport to pave roads around the site with plastic waste; Eve De Clerk 16 Sep 2016
Plastic waste has become one of the largest burdens of our modern world, but Bengaluru
Airport has found a novel way to re-purpose the material. BLR Airport, has received
approximately 11 tonnes of plastic waste from the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
(BBMP). The plastic will be used in trials to determine if roads within Bengaluru Airport’s
campus can be paved with waste plastic. This follows a move in which the airport banned all
single-use plastics and has increased the work it has been doing to ensure the airport remains
as sustainable as possible. BIAL has conducted lab tests by blending the plastic with bitumen
and the results revealed that this mix is acceptable. This move could go a long way in
reducing the plight of plastic inflicted on the world. Additionally, reusing plastic in this way
will reduce the carbon footprint of the airport substantially.

BLR Airport introduces first automated e-Gate System in India; Katie Sadler 16 Jul 2017 The
system, developed by access solutions provider KABA, has been installed by BIAL on a trial
basis at the airports domestic pre-embarkation security check area. Passengers are required to
place the barcode on the printed boarding card or mobile boarding pass at the e-Gate, which
opens automatically upon verifying the validity. Passengers then undergo mandatory security
checks and enter the Security Hold Area. Passengers will not need to produce their boarding
pass again until boarding begins. The e-Gate is a definite step towards a fully automated and
seamless passenger flow. Operator BIAL anticipates the new system will enable passengers to
take control of their passage through the security checkpoint, reducing stress, errors or
inconsistencies and improve passenger experience. BLR Airport, has recently implemented a
mobile boarding pass trial that facilitates entry to the airport, security clearance and aircraft
boarding by passengers displaying a mobile boarding pass on their smartphone devices.

BLR becomes first airport in India with independent parallel runways; Rachael Harper 12
Dec 2018 BLR Airport, has commenced operations on its new south runway. This makes
BLR Airport the first in the country to operate independent parallel runways, enabling aircraft
to land or take-off simultaneously on both runways. Our first runway opened 11 years ago and
became a linchpin for the region’s economic development during the last decade. With the
aviation industry in India set for exponential growth, two operational runways will provide
the thrust required to cater to this demand and further bolster the growth of Karnataka and
India. The opening of this key infrastructure is the outcome of phenomenal collaboration
amongst various stakeholders and implementation of processes and procedures developed
through advanced simulations and assessments. The new runway will further bolster our
vision to transform BLR Airport into the new gateway to India.

Exploring Bengaluru’s sustainable garden terminal; Hari Marar 26 Nov 2019 The ‘Terminal
in a Garden’ – designed to revive Bengaluru’s green identity – has been meticulously planned
to create state-of-the-art infrastructure with a low carbon footprint. T2 is designed to provide
an innovative airport experience, including calming gardens at areas of high stress, exciting
gardens along the journey and restful gardens at waiting areas. With lush greenery, both
within and outside, T2 will be a visual delight. The concept aims to give passengers a natural
feel of a garden as they pass through every terminal touchpoint. The outdoor garden will
enhance the aesthetics, while offering the feel of a natural forest that includes water bodies
and natural topography. The installation of portals, water bodies, rocks, digital technology,
lighting and signature plants at strategic locations will further enhance the overall experience.
Policies are in place to recycle all waste material from the production process and ensure
more energy-efficient processes are followed. Products will be chosen from certified
sustainable sources with recognized accreditation while ozone-depleting substances and
components requiring high-energy input will be prohibited. To further demonstrate its
commitment to establish innovative methods for sustainable growth, BIAL has already
implemented various landmark initiatives with a major focus on energy saving, water
conservation, waste management and pollution control measures with an aim to take
sustainability to new heights.

Dealing with COVID-19 at BLR Airport; Satyaki Raghunath 29 Jun 2020 Kempegowda
International Airport in Bengaluru opened on 24 May 2008, and traffic steadily grew from
nine million passengers per annum during the fiscal year of 2008-09 to 33 million passengers
in 2018-19. This spectacular growth resulted in about 700 daily air traffic movements (ATMs)
and 100,000 daily passengers before the onset of COVID-19. To cater to this growth, BLR
Airport was in the middle of its largest capital expansion program ever, with a new
independent parallel runway delivered in December 2019 and a second terminal that was, at
the time, scheduled to be operational in March 2021. As is widely known, COVID-19 has hit
the wider travel and transportation industry disproportionately hard; with airports and airlines
being impacted since early 2020. From the beginning, Bangalore International Airport
Limited (BIAL) – the operator of BLR Airport – took proactive steps, along with our
stakeholders, to deal with COVID-19. The airport began to track arrivals from the most
affected countries in January 2020 and invoked a Business Continuity Plan (BCP). In addition
– based on government requirements – BIAL put in place various methods for health
screening of passengers and crew from select countries around early-January 2020 in
coordination with various stakeholders, including government health officials. As the virus
spread further, the Government of India took the prudent decision of additional screening and
quarantining of passengers arriving initially from select countries, and then all international
arriving passengers by early March 2020.

BLR Airport experiences growth in cargo volumes following COVID-19 slump; Anders
Nielsen 2020 Cargo volumes at BLR Airport, are gathering momentum, with international
cargo leading the recovery, following a prolonged slump due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
This resurgence in cargo movement has powered BLR Airport to become the first metro
airport in India to record growth in freight in Sep 2020, compared to the same period in 2019.
Improved connectivity and an increase in Passenger to Cargo (P2C) aircraft, combined with
proactive measures by BIAL – the operator of BLR Airport – to enable seamless processing,
have pushed cargo volumes into positive territory. Perishable cargo has been one of the major
growth drivers, with BLR Airport having processed 17,212 metric tons during this period.
Before the pandemic, around 60 per cent of domestic and international freight was being
carried in the belly space of passenger aircraft and the remainder in freighters. With the
reduction in passenger flights due to travel restrictions, several airlines – both domestic and
international – converted their aircraft, enabling the availability of a larger amount of cargo
capacity. As a result, BLR Airport saw the growth of cargo aircraft movements by 139 per
cent against 2019.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

BLR airport operators are asked to estimate the magnitude of toxic emissions from airport-
related sources. These requests may come from government officials, courts, or concerned
community groups. One of the key categories of potentially toxic emissions is Hazardous Air
Pollutant (HAP) emissions. HAP emission from general aviation aircraft are currently
difficult to estimate because they have not been well studied and because there is no engine
emission certification requirement for most general aviation aircraft. This is due to the
relatively small size of their engines. Hence, emissions from aircraft piston engines, turbo-jet
engines, and low-bypass turbo-fan engines are largely unknown and should be quantified.
Due to the high visibility of the airport and the activity it supports, it is frequently challenged
to provide a self-assessment of its emissions and impact on the surrounding neighborhoods
and environment. And also analyzing the impact of implementing the AI technology based
operating systems to carry out better functionalities at airport.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

With the implementation of the new AI technology based security systems and other systems
to carry out the effective and efficient operations will considerably enhance the smooth flow
of operations at airports. In view of this situation, the present study analyze the role of AI
technologies on safety and security-related operations at airport. To this end, the study will
also cover the changes in the usage of the AI technology based systems in airport over the
time period ranging 2010-2021. The empirical study in this research is about all the functional
areas of BLR Airport. Further, the study also involves an analysis of passenger’s perspectives
on the services as well as the benefits they enjoy at airport.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the Problems of Air Logistic Services at airport

To analyze the Impact of Covid-19 Crisis on Flights
To understand the implementation of future security system at airports
To identify the ways to Improve Safety Measures At Airports
To develop the usage of AI Technologies at Airports

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problems. It has

understood as a science of studying how research is being done scientifically. In it we study
the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem
along with the logic behind them. It is necessary for the researcher to know not only he
research method/techniques but also the methodology. As we know that for the achievement
of any goal, a proper methodology should be adopted in the same manner for the success of
a project, it is necessary to have a clear methodology.

RESEARCH PLAN

Type of research Market Survey

Market Segment Passengers/ Travellers

Geographical Area Kempegowda International Airport,

Bangalore

Primary Survey Research

Secondary Print Media
Data Sources Internet

Research Instrument Questionnaire

Sampling Unit travelers

Sampling Plan Sample Size 30
PRIMARY DATA

Primary data relates to data which has been collected first hand and which has been collected
for the purpose of analysis. It is undertaken, when data needed by the researcher does not
exist. The project is about the organizational study of Kempegowda International Airport,
Bengaluru. Due to this pandemic crisis it was unable to collect more information at first hand
data. Hence, I had collected some few data via some customized e-mails, surveys, some
neighbors (who travel very often) and few people who have been working at airports.

SECONDARY DATA

Due to this pandemic of Covid-19 it’s not that easy to collect the information from the people
in market, instead it is being more ease to get information through online, internet, blogs,
articles, magazines and journals. So the more information I got through is via second hand
data which are already exist annual reports, travel magazine, libraries and podcasts which
were really sufficient to carry out my project report so efficiently.

SAMPLE SIZE

The larger of the sample’ size, the lower the likely errors to generalize the population of
study 30 questionnaires were distributed to travellers randomly. Due to time and resources
constraints, this number of sample size is appropriate in generalizing targeted population. So
the sample size to carry out this project is 30.

SAMPLE DESIGN

Doing research via sampling was important because of impossibility of finding all of a
population, as well as other restrictive parameters like cost, time etc. Our sampling decision
should be in coordination with the research and data objectives. The method opted for taking
samples was probability sampling. It was a Simple Random Sampling was used. The key
assumption underlined this type of sampling is that, which provide equal chances for all the
participants, and an appropriate strategy, one can carefully and consciously choose the
elements to be included in the sample, so that samples can be developed that are suitable for
one’s needs. My objective for using ‘Simple Random Sampling’ was that since traveling is
not experienced by everybody, so `Simple Random Sampling’ was a must to get the correct
response.