1st Edn. 4th Edn.
113 Preliminaries to be
When over-large doses observed in investigating
are employed, not only the pure effects of
do the secondary medicines in
symptoms play a large the healthy human
part,but the primary subject. Primary effect.
sym.ptoms appear in so Secondary effect.
confused and sudden
and precipitate a §113.—Narcotic
manner that they cannot substances, alone, are
be exactly observed ; toexceptions to this
say nothing of the rule.As they, in their
danger, which cannot be primitive effects,
a matter of indiflerenceextinguish sensibility,
to any one who cares forsensation,and
his fellows and regards irritability, to a certain
the least of mankind as a
extent, it often happens
brother. that, when they are tried
on healthy persons, even
114 in moderate doses, they
The subjects of the have the secondary
experiment must be able effect of exciting the
to express their sensibility and
sensations exactly and increasing the
clearly irritability.
§ 114.—But, with the
exception of narcotic
substances, all medicines
that are tried in small
doses, upon healthy
persons,only manifest
their primitive effects ;
that is to say, the
symptoms which
indicate that they
modify the habitual
5th Edn.
§ 113. Only narcotic
drugs should be
regarded as exceptions
to this rule. As these
destroy sensibility and
sensation, as well as
irritability, in their
primary effect, a
heightened state both of
sensibility and of
irritability is frequently
observed in healthy
persons, as an after-
effect following the
administration of
narcotics, even in
moderate doses.
§ 114. With these
exceptions, therefore,
experiments made with
moderate doses of other
drugs upon healthy
persons, exhibit only
primary effects ; i. e.,
those symptoms by
means of which a drug
affects or deranges the
'healthy state, and
produces in the
organism a morbid
condition of variable
duration.
 state of health, and
excite a morbid
condition which is to last
for a longer or shorter
period.

Explanation:-

§113;§114 The changes observed are nothing but the primary action of the
drugs. (In the secondary action, i.e. in the reaction of the vital principle the
symptoms—i.e.the changes—disappear).The only exceptions are the narcotic
drugs. In these cases—the senses are benumbed in the primary action, and “in
their secondary action an increased sensibility (and a greater irritability) is
observable.”

According to § 114, except narcotics, the primary action of all medicines is to

be observed.

According to § 113, for narcotic drugs secondary action is to be recorded.

Opium From Allen’s Keynotes