Name : Shumaila Azam

Reg no: 70098213

Section: B
Topic: Causes Of Blindness
Mam : Tahira Kalsoom
Subject: Optometric Procedures
Causes of Blindness :-
Blindness is the inability to see anything, including light. If you're partially

blind, you have limited vision. For example, you may have blurry vision or

the inability to distinguish the shapes of objects.Complete blindness

means you can't see at all. Legal blindness refers to vision that's highly

compromised.

 Glaucoma

 Age related macular Degeneration

 Cataract

 Diabetic Retinopathy

1. Cataract :-

A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease

in vision. Cataracts often develop slowly and can afect one or both eyes.

Symptoms may include faded colors, blurry or double vision, halos around

light, trouble with bright lights, and trouble seeing at night.

 2-Glaucoma:-

 Glaucoma happens as a result of a build up of fuid and pressure in

your eyes.A regular eye examination will pick up signs of glaucoma

through a tonometry test which measures intraocular pressure .

 The damage caused by glaucoma can be irreversible ,So it is crucial

that the condition is diagnosed and treated as early as possible .

3- Age related macular Degeneration :-

It is painless conditon you will Begin to lose central vision As the macula in your retna
 Begins to deteriorate .

4- Diabeti ettinaath :-
 If you Sufer from diabetes you have higher risk of developing problems with your vision

due to diabetc retnopathy .This is a conditon whereby Blood vessels in the eye damaged

By high blood glucose levels .

 Early signs of diabetic retinopathy are usually picked up During a

diabetic eye screening .

 Prevaletie if Blitdtess :-

Based on the statstcs presented herein, the prevalence of blindness among individuals of all

ages in Pakistan is estmated to be 0.9% (95% CI, 0.8%–1.0%). The estmated number of blind

individuals of all ages in Pakistan in 2003 was estmated to be 1.25 million (1.1–1.35 million).

Aiquired iiliur Blitdtess :-

 Develops later in life and Can afect man and women equally .Diseases that afect the

optc nerve or the retna of the eye can cause acquired colour blindness .

 For that reason you have alert your doctor if your colour vision

changes.it might indicate a more serious Underlying issue.

Blindness can be Genetic or inherited :-

 Which means that this problem gets Passed down to a kid from parents through

genes.Blindess can also be caused by accident ,If something damage the eye part.

 That the main reason you have to protect your eyes from incidents when you play certain

sports such as cricket and hockey .

Map display Deutronopia ,Protonopia and Tritonopia :-

1. Protonopia:-

Unable to perceive any Red light .

2-Deutronopia :-

Unable to perceive Green light .

 3- Tritonopia :-

unable to perceive blue light. People with both green and blue defciencies live in a world of

murky greens where blue and green stands out .