Lardizabal, Rafael Joseph P.

11/21/20
NDA4

CVA Diagnostic Tests

1. Computed tomography (CT) of the head

Physicians use CT of the head to detect a stroke from a blood clot or bleeding
within the brain.
2. MRI of the head
Images of blood flow are produced with a procedure called MR perfusion (MRP).
Physicians use MRI of the head to assess brain damage from a stroke.
3. Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
An electrocardiogram, which checks the hearts' electrical activity, can help
determine whether heart problems caused the stroke.
4. Carotid ultrasound
To check for narrowing and blockages in the body's two carotid arteries, which
are located on each side of the neck and carry blood from the heart to the brain.
5. Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography helps physicians detect or confirm abnormalities such as a
blood clot or narrowing of the arteries.

DM Diagnostic Tests

Less than 100

Fasting
100-125 126 or higher
glucose test
Less than 140
Random (anytime)
140-199 200 or higher
glucose test
Less than 5.7%
A1c test 5.7 - 6.4% 6.5% or higher

CKD Diagnostic Tests

1. Blood tests
2. Urine tests
3. Ultrasound, MRI, CT scan
4. Kidney Biospy
Your eGFR results are given as a stage from 1 to 15:

A. Stage 1 (G1) – a normal eGFR above 90ml/min, but other tests have detected signs
of kidney damage
B. Stage 2 (G2) – a sligthyl reduced eGFR of 60 to 89ml/min, with other signs of kidney
damage
C. Stage 3a (G3a) – as eGFR of 45 to 59ml/min
D. Stage 3b (G3) – as eGFR of 30 to 44ml/min
E. Stage 4 (G4) – as eGFR of 15 to 29ml/min
F. Stage 5 (G5) – as eGFR below 15ml/min, meaning the kidneys have lost almost all
of their function

Your ACR result is given as a stage from 1 to 3:

A. A1 – an ACR of less than 3mg/mmol

B. A2 – an ACR of 3 to 30mg/mmol
C. A3 – an ACR of more than 30mg/mmol

For both eGFR and ACR, a higher stage indicated more severe kidney disease.