Danfoss Cooling &

Refrigerant perspective

1 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 Agenda

Section 1 – Introduction
Regulations/timeline
View on refrigerants

Section 2 – Danfoss Cooling

Commercial A/C
▪ Commercial Refrigeration
▪ Food Retail

2|
 Timeline for Standards and Codes

Current refrigerant
options to meet
phase down
timelines are A2L
class.
Building,
transportation and
equipment
standards and
codes have to
include A2L class
in their statutes.

General trend of
increase of
charge limits,
safety standards
expected;
building codes
No Current and rest to follow
Activity

Under Revision

3 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 Worldwide Energy and Refrigerant Regulations
The main drivers for new designs
Focus of next 2 years
2015 2017 2019 2022 2024

ENER LOT1 Tier 1 Tier 2

SCOP
E Heating Sys
U ENER LOT21 Tier 1 Tier 2
SEER/SEPR
R A/C Sys
O ENTR LOT1 Tier 1 Tier 2
COP/SEPR
P Refriger. Eq.
E F-Gas 2009-12 CO2eq -7% -37% -55% Review -69%
Phase-down BaseLine

ASHRAE 90.1 Enforced Next Next level? Next level?

EER/IPLV
Chillers level?
90.1/ DOE Step1 Step2
U EER/IEER
Rooftops
S DOE 10 CFR CRE Ice VEND/Mics.Ref Cold Rooms
A (429-431) MDEC/AWEF
Refrigeration Super- Stand- Petitions for chillers /
EPA/ SNAP Ref. delisting markets CU alone California? rooftops <700 GWP
rules by application

GB 19577 Expected Heating

COP/IPLVc
Chillers A/C
C
H GB xxx Expected
COP/IPLVh
I Low Amb. HP Refrigeration
N
A MP phase HCFCs -> HFCs HFCs -> Low GWP
Refrigerants
down

4 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 F-Gas directive: GWP limits & consequences
From
Ban in new equipment GWP limit Consequences
1st Jan
Ban of R404A/507
≤ 2500 2020 Use of HC, HFO eg R448A,
Commercial Refrigerator and Freezers,
R449A, R452A
hermetically sealed

BAN 11 Ban of R134a

≤ 150 2022
Use of HC, HFO

Stationary refrigeration equipment for Ban of R404A/507

temperatures above -50°C ≤ 2500 2020 Use of HC, H-FKW, HFO eg.
R448A, R449A, R452A,
BAN 12 R134a

Multipack centralized refr. systems for ≤ 150 and

≤ 1500
commercial use with a capacity ≥ Ban of R404A/507
2022 Use of R134a in cascade
40kW Primary
circuits of systems, HFO, CO2
BAN 13 cascade
systems

5 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Commercial Refrigeration |Sept. 2017

 HFC and HFO’s
% composition
in play

10-15 blends based

on 7 well known
molecules

A2L refrigerants to be
considered for R410A
R134a R22, R404A, R410A substitution
subs. R407 series. subs.
GWP

GWP reductions are

based on HFO
containment

6 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Commercial Refrigeration |Sept. 2017

 Main refrigerants in Play
a Picture in Continuous Evolution
A/C & Ref Ref A/C
GWP (screw, centrifugal) (Recip and scrolls) (Scrolls)

Legend
>4,000 R404A
A1- non
Flammable
Flammability
R452A line A2L – Mildly
Flammable
<2,500 R22 R410A
A3 – Highly
R407A/R407F Flammable

B2L – Toxic
Lower Flammable
<1,500 R134a R449A Old reference
refrigerant
R448A
New and on the
R450A market
R32
<700 R513A R454A Not yet on the
R454B
market
R515 R444B R452B

R1270 R454C
R1233zd No LGWP Option R744/CO2
<150 R514A
R600a R455A
Must move to
R1336mzzz low density
R717/NH3
R1234ze R290

R123 like R134a like R404A | R22 like R410A alike Other
Density

7 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 Refrigerant Sustainability Triangle

→ Safety
Safety
→ A1
→ Performance / Lifetime Flammability
→ Capacity / SEPR / COP
Refrigerant
→ Operating Envelope behavior
→ Environment in system
→ GWP <2500 & <150
Energy Cost
→ Impact on the system effectiveness
Efficiency
→ Backward compatibility
Life cycle Availability
→ Discharge temperature
GWP cost
→ Glide
Leak Competition
→ Lubricants
Patents
Environment Affordability

8 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Commercial Refrigeration |Sept. 2017

 Agenda

Section 1 – Introduction
Regulations/timeline
View on refrigerants

Section 2 – Danfoss Cooling

Commercial A/C
▪ Commercial Refrigeration
▪ Food Retail

9|
 Long-term refrigerant strategy
Air Conditioning

Up to 2022 2022-2030

R134a R134a R1233zd

R1234ze R1233zd R1234ze
R123 R1234ze
The air
R513A R513A/R450A
R514A conditioning
segments are
moving to
R410A R410A R290 low and
R407C R32 R32 medium
R452B R452B GWP and
R454B R454B
R290
natural
refrigerants
R410A
R410A R290
R32
R290 R452B
R452B
R32 R454B
R454B
R32
R290
R410A R410A R32

10 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 Chillers and Rooftops
Portfolios and regulations (Scroll, centrifugal, screw or recip.)

Available in
> 2017
> 2018 / onwards

Portfolio
per chiller type Scroll Centrifugal and screw
and main refrig.
alternatives R410A R32 R452B R134a R1234ze R513A
Thermostatic and electronic expansion valves, solenoid valves (new EVR), sight
Controls glasses, ball valves, pressure & temperature regulating valves, water valves,
switches, electronic controllers*
Scrolls
Scrolls with
Fixed-speed
IDVs Scrolls with IDVs
compressors
Scrolls for
Heating
VZH inverter
Scrolls and Oil-
Scrolls
Free TT series TG series TT series
Hybrid Inverter scrolls with IDVs
Variable-speed VTT series VTT series VTT series
manifold
compressors
scrolls
Heat Exchangers Micro-channel, micro-plate heat exchangers
*valves qualified for R32 & R452B refrigerants only below 25mm today

11 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 Your source
for HVAC solutions

VRF

12 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 Long-term outlook
Refrigeration
2015
Up to 2022 2022-2030

R717 R717 R717

R744 R744 R744

R134a R134a R744

R404A R448A/R449A HFO Blends
R744 R513A R290
R744

R134a R134a HFO blends

R404A R513A R744
R407A/F R407A/F R290
R448A/R449A
R450A
R452A

R134a R134a R290

R290 R290 R600a
R404A R448A/R449A R744
R600a R513A
R744 R600a

13 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Commercial Refrigeration |Sept. 2017

 Stationary refrigeration equipment
Application: remote condensing unit cold rooms
F-Gas impact:

› Phase down of high GWP refrigerants (i.e. R404A)

› Ban 12: ban of R404A in new equipment:
› GWP limit to 2500 from January 2020
› Alternative refrigerants: R407A/F, R448/9A, R452A

Danfoss portfolio R407A/ R448A/

R452A R290 R134a R450A R513A
with alternative ref. R407F R449A
✓ LBP recips &
✓ MBP recips &
✓ MBP recips & scrolls ✓ MBP recips & • MBP recips & • MBP recips &
Fixed speed compressors scrolls • MBP recips
scrolls ✓ MBP recips scrolls scrolls scrolls
✓ LBP scrolls
• MBP scrolls

✓ MBP recips &

Variable speed compressors ✓ MBP scrolls ✓ MBP recips
scrolls

Fixed speed fractional ✓ MBP R449A ✓ MBP & LBP

✓ MBP & LBP ✓ MBP
compressors within limits within limits

Variable speed fractional

✓ MBP & LBP ✓ MBP
Available in 2017 Available in 2018

compressors

✓ MBP fixed
speed ranges ✓ LBP fixed
✓ MBP fixed and ✓ MBP fixed
• MBP variable speed ranges
Packaged condensing units variable speed ranges
speed • MBP fixed
speed ranges
• LBP fixed speed
speed with LI

✓ LBP
Bare condensing units ✓ MBP ✓ MBP ✓ MBP & LBP ✓ MBP
• MBP

✓ Thermostatic and electric expansion valves, solenoid valves (new EVR), sight glasses, ball valves, pressure & temperature
Controls
regulating valves, water valves, switches, electronic controllers

Heat Exchangers ✓ Micro-channel, micro-plate heat exchangers

14 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Commercial Refrigeration |Sept. 2017

 Hermetically sealed systems
Application: clip-on/plug-in cold rooms

F-Gas impact:
› Phase down of high GWP refrigerants (i.e. R134a and R404A)
› Ban 11 in 2 steps: ban of R404A and R134a in new equipment
› In January 2020: GWP <2500
› Alternative refrigerants: R450A, R513A
› R448A, R449A and R452A are also valid until 2020
› In January 2022: GWP <150
› Sustainable refrigerant: R290

Danfoss portfolio with

R290 R450A R513A
alternative refrigerants

Fixed speed compressors • MBP recips • MBP recips & scrolls • MBP recips & scrolls

Fixed speed fractional

✓ MBP & LBP Under evaluation to qualify with these refrigerants
compressors

Variable speed fractional

✓ MBP & LBP
compressors

✓ Thermostatic and electric expansion valves, solenoid valves (new EVR), sight glasses, ball valves,
Controls
pressure & temperature regulating valves, water valves, switches, electronic controllers

Heat Exchangers ✓ Micro-channel, micro-plate heat exchangers

Available in 2017 - Available in 2018

15 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Commercial Refrigeration |Sept. 2017

 Hermetically sealed systems
Application: Food service

F-Gas impact:
› Phase down of high GWP refrigerants (i.e.
R134a and R404A)
› Ban 11 in 2 steps: ban of R404A and R134a
in new equipment
› In January 2020: GWP <2500
Commercial Glass Door Commercial Ice Ice Cream & Frozen
Fridge & Freezer Merchandiser Making Machine Beverage Machine › Alternative refrigerants: R450A, R513A
› R448A, R449A and R452A are also
valid until 2020
› In January 2022: GWP <150
› Sustainable refrigerant: R290

Danfoss portfolio with

R290 R450A R513A
alternative refrigerants

Fixed speed compressors • MBP recips • MBP recips & scrolls • MBP recips & scrolls

Fixed speed fractional

✓ MBP & LBP Under evaluation to qualify with these refrigerants
compressors

Variable speed fractional

✓ MBP & LBP
compressors
✓ Thermostatic and electric expansion valves, solenoid valves (new EVR), sight glasses, ball valves,
Controls
pressure & temperature regulating valves, water valves, switches, electronic controllers

Heat Exchangers ✓ Micro-channel, micro-plate heat exchangers

Available in 2017 - Available in 2018

16 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Commercial Refrigeration |Sept. 2017

Food Retail
 Technology status

Technology allows for world wide adoption of CO2 only systems

27°C/82°F 38°C/101°F All ambient All ambient All ambient

Booster Parallel Ejector Flooded Cost

system Compression system system reduction
(reference) system simplicity

9000 1000 100 50 3

systems systems systems systems systems

2007 2011 2015 2015 2015

Commercially Commercially Testing Testing Early Testing
Available Available
2017 2018 2018
Commercially Commercially Extended field
Available Available trials

18 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | CO2 in Food Retail applications |Sept. 2017
 3rd generation: Parallel compression with
gas ejector Mass flow
Pressure levels
40C/104F
• First system in opperation with Danfoss 102 bar/ Pressure HP
Multi Ejector started in January 2015. 1480 PSI GC 50-110 bar
100%
• The ejectors are moving gas from MT Liquid line 25%
suction to parallel compressor. 32-37 bar
70% 30%
• In some cases, all gas can be moved from
MT to parallel compressor (high ambient
temperature or 100% heat recovery). 55%
55%
Pressure
MT suction MT
25-30 bar

LT Pressure
suction LT
13-16 bar
19 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | CO2 in Food Retail applications |Sept. 2017
 3rd generation: Parallel compression with
gas ejector
Pros: Cons:
• System is penetrating the market • The system is more complex
• Solutions shows better energy than the booster systems and
consumption in any climate and also parallel compression
removes the “CO2 equator”
• Small systems are difficult
• Compressor sizes are smaller and not because of the compressors
as grooving as fast
divided in to 2 suction groups
• Combination with AC makes very
good sense

Application:
The system fits system sizes from approx. 100-150 kW and up. System
can be combined with AC with very good results.
Geographically the system can be installed in any climate with lower
energy consumption than R404a.

20 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | CO2 in Food Retail applications |Sept. 2017
 Next generation: Liquid ejector
Add on to transcritical systems
• Liquid ejector systems allow the MT GC
evaporator to be flooded.
• The saving is coming from the higher
suction pressure of the compressors.
• Ejector is in this case substituting a pump
or other means of removing the liquid
from the suction side
• Trials has been running since 2013 with
good results. Evaporation temperature is
in average raised by 5K.
MT
• Saving is load dependent and dependent
on most leaded evaporator

LT

21 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | CO2 in Food Retail applications |Sept. 2017
 Energy saving CO2 VS R404A
20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

-5%

-10%

-15%

CO2 Booster system Parallel compression Parallel + ejector

22 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | CO2 in Food Retail applications |Sept. 2017
Available Resources
 24/7 online resources for
your refrigerant transition

Refrigerants.danfoss.com

Newsletter

24 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 24/7 online resources for
your refrigerant transition

The low GWP brochure

Overview of the Danfoss portfolio Approach by region and application

25 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017

 24/7 online resources for
your refrigerant transition

Coolselector®2

Refrigerant Slider app

The
Danfoss
Cool Tools Low-GWP Tool

Retrofit Guideline

26 | Danfoss Cooling | Danfoss Refrigerant Week | Air Conditioning | Sept. 2017