MT132 (M132): Linear Algebra

Tutor Marked Assignment

Cut-Off Date: November --, 2020 Total Marks: 40

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Feedback form ……….……………..…………..…………………….…...….. 2

Question 1 ……………………..………………………………………..……… 3
Question 2 ……………………………..………………..……………………… 4
Question 3 ………………………………..………………..…………………… 5
Question 4 ………………..……………………………………..……………… 6

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MT132 – Linear Algebra 2020-2021 / Fall

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 MT132 TMA Feedback Form

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Student Name : ziyad alkhattab

Student Number : 19422584
Group Number : 1306

[B] Tutor Component

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Q_1 10

Q_2 10

Q_3 10

Q_4 10

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MT132 – Linear Algebra 2020-2021 / Fall

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The TMA covers only chapters 1 and 2. It consists of fourquestions; each question
is worth 10 marks. Please solve each question in the space provided. You should
give the details of your solutions and not just the final results.

Q−1: [5×2 marks] Answer each of the following as True or False justifying your
answers:
1 0 2
a)
[ 0 1 1 ]
Let A=[ 1 0 k ] and B= −1 2 −1 . If AB A T =O , then k =1.

a b
b) [ ]
If p ( x ) =x 2−( a+d ) x+(ad −bc) and A= c d , then p( A)=O .
c) If A is a non-singular matrix, then ( I + AB )−1 A= A ( I + BA )−1.
1 0 x x
d)

e)
| |
0 1 1 1 ≥0
1 x 0 x
1 x x x
.

The vector (5,8,9 ,−5) is a linear combination of the vectors(1,2,2 ,−1) and
( 4,9,9 ,−4 ).

Answer
a. The answer is false, because:

We will solve to prove the answer.

1 0 2
A  B   1 0 k  .  1 2 1   1 k 2  k
 0 1 1 
1 
A   1 0 k   A   0 
T

 k 
1 
 A  B  A   1 k 2  k    0   1  2k  k 2
T

 k 
A  B  AT  0  1  2 k  k 2  0  (k  1) 2  0
 k  1

MT132 – Linear Algebra 2020-2021 / Fall

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 b. The answer is false, because:

The solution is:

 a b   a b   a 2  b.c a.b  b.d 

A2     2 
 c d   c d   a.c  c.d c.b  d 
b.c  a.d 0 
 A2  ( a  d ) A  
 0 c.b  a.d 
 0 ad  bc 
 A2  (a  d ) A  (ad  bc )   O
 ad  bc 0 

c. The answer is true, because:

The solution is:

 I  AB  . A  A.  I  BA 
1 1
???

. A   I  AB  .  A1    A1  I  AB     A1  B 

1 1 1
 I  AB 
1 1

  A1  .  I  AB     I  BA  . A1    A1  B 

1 1 1
A.  I  BA 
1 1

  I  AB  . A  A.  I  BA 
1 1

d. The answer is true, because:

1 0 x x
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
 1 x 0 x  x  1 x x  x  1 x 0
1 x 0 x
x x x 1 x x 1 x x
1 x x x
 (1 x  1 x)  x  (0  0)  x  ( x  0)  x 2  0

MT132 – Linear Algebra 2020-2021 / Fall

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 e. The answer is false, because:

Let’s check if the vector (5,8,9 ,−5) is a linear combination of the vectors (1,2,2 ,−1) and
( 4,9,9 ,−4 ), then will must be:

 5,8,9, 5   a  1, 2, 2, 1  b  4,9,9, 4  : a, b  R

 5,8,9, 5    a, 2a, 2a, a    4b,9b,9b, 4b 
 5,8,9, 5    a  4b, 2a  9b, 2a  9b, a  4b 

a  4b  5 (1)
2a  9b  8 (2)
2a  9b  9 (3)
1  4b  5 (4)

(2) and (3) → a=b=0

Putting this in (4) →−1=−5 impossible

Q−2:[5+5 marks]

1 4 a
a) Let A=
[ ]
0 2 1 .
2 8 a2
i. Find all values of a , if any, for which A−1exists
ii. For a=1 solve the system AX=O.
1 0 0
x
b) Solve for : 2 x
|
1 =
1 3 x−5
x −1
2 x
.
|| |
Answer
a.

i.
1
Let’s find A :

MT132 – Linear Algebra 2020-2021 / Fall

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 1 4 a  1 4 a 1 0 0 
   
A  0 2 1  0 2 1 0 1 0
 
 2 8 a 2   2 8 a 2 0 0 1 
2 R1  R3 
1 4 a 1 0 0
 
0 2 1 0 1 0
0 0 a 2  2a 2 0 1 
1
R2
Making the change: 2 it will be:
1 4 a 1 0 0
 
0 1 1 1
0 0
 2 2 
0 0 a 2  2a 2 0 1 
 

Making the change: R1  4 R2 it will be:

1 0 a  2 1 2 0 
 
0 1 1 1
0 0
 2 2 
 0 0 a 2  2 a 2 0 1 
 
1
:a  2
Making the change: a  2a
2
it will be:

 
1 0 a  2 1 2 0 
 
 1 1 
 0 1 0 0 
2 2
 
0 0 1 -2
0
1 
 a(a  2) a (a  2) 
1
R3  R2
2
Making the changes: (2  a ) R 3  R1 it will be:
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  a2 1 
 2 
1 0 0 a a 
 1 1 1 
0 1 0 2 
0 0 1 a  2a 2 2a (a  2) 
 2 1 
 0 
 a (a  2) a ( a  2) 

Then we find that:

 2a 1 
 2 
 a a 
 1 1 1 
A1   2
 a  2a 2 2a(a  2) 
 -2 1 
 0 
 a( a  2) a( a  2) 

A1 exists when a  R \{0, 2} .

ii.

a 1
AX  O
1 4 1  x 
  0 2 1   y    0 0 0
 2 8 1  z 

x  4y  z  0 (1)
2y  z  0 (2)
2 x  8 y  z  0 (3)
Making 1 ( first equation)  third equation (3) will become:  z  0  z  0
Then will be: x  0, y  0, z  0

MT132 – Linear Algebra 2020-2021 / Fall

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b.

1 0 0
x 1
2 x 1 
2 x
1 3 x5
x 1 x 1
1 0 
3 x5 2 x
 x( x  5)  3  x 2  2
 5x  5  0
 x  1

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Q−3: [5+5 marks]
x + y −z+ w=1

{
2 x +3 y+ z=1
a) Solve the linear system 3 x + 4 y + z+ 2 w=2 .
y+ 3 z −2 w=−1
x+ 2 y + az=1

{
b) Consider the linear system: x +3 y+(1−a) z=3 .
x+ 4 y + ( 1+2 a ) z=5
For which values of a does the linear system have
i. no solution;
ii. a unique solution;
iii. infinitely many solutions.
Answer
a.

A .X  b  X  A 1.b
1 1 1 1 
2 3 1 0 
A 
3 4 1 2
 
0 1 3 2 

The augmented matrix of A:

 1 1 1 1 1 
 
2 3 1 0 1 
3 4 1 2 2 
 
 0 1 3 2 1
Making the changes 2R1  R2 and 3R1  R3 the augmented matrix will become:
1 1 1 1 1 
 
 0 1 3 2 1
 0 1 4 1 1
 
 0 1 3 2 1
Making the changes  R2  R3 and  R2  R4 the augmented matrix will become:

MT132 – Linear Algebra 2020-2021 / Fall

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 1 1 1 1 1
 
0 1 3 2 1
0 0 1 1 0
 
 0 0 0 0 0 
Solution is:

x  y  z  w 1 (1)
y  3 z  2w  1 (2)
zw0 (3)

From equation (3) we find: z   w , putting it in equation (2): y  5w  1  y  5w  1

Then, the set of solutions will be:

 x  7 w  2 
 
 y  5w  1 
s : w  R
 z  w 

 w 

b.

Writing the augmented matrix:

1 2 a 1
 
1 3 1  a 3
1 4 1  2a 5 

Making the changes  R1  R2 and  R1  R3 the augmented matrix will become:

1 2 a 1
 
 0 1 1  2a 2 
 0 2 1  a 4 

Making the change 2R2  R3 the augmented matrix will become:

1 2 a 1
 
 0 1 1  2a 2 
 0 0 1  5a 0 
MT132 – Linear Algebra 2020-2021 / Fall
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 i. no solution;
it is impossible for all values of a to make the system doesn’t have solution.

ii. unique solution:

in last row of augmented matrix all values are zero except one, if it is zero there will be
infinite number of solutions, then to have the system one solution must be:
1
1  5a  0  a 
5
1
 a  R \{ }
5

iii. infinitely many solutions:

to have has infinitely many solutions must be:
1  5a  0
1
a
5 .

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Q−4:[5+5 marks] Let S={X 1 , X 2 , X 3 }be a linearly independent a set of vectors in R3
and T ={Y 1 , Y 2 ,Y 3 }be a set of vectors in R3, whereY 1= X 1+ 2 X 2−2 X 3,
Y 2=− X 1−X 2+3 X 3 andY 3=−2 X 1−3 X 2 +4 X 3.
a) Determine whether the set T is linearly independent.
b) If possible, write each of the vectors X 1, X 2 and X 3 as a linear combination of
vectors in T .
Answer
a.

T is linearly independent if a, b, c fulfill:

ay1  by2  cy3  0
a  X 1  2 X 2  2 X 3   b   X 1  X 2  3 X 3   c  2 X 1  3 X 2  4 X 3   0
  a  b  2c  X 1   2a  b  3c  X 2   2a  3b  4c  X 3  0

a  b  2c  0.................(1)
2a  b  3c  0...............(2)
2a  3b  4c  0...........(3)

From equation (1) : a  b  2c putting it in (2) and (3):

2(b  2c)  b  3c  0  b  c...............(2)
2(b  2c)  3b  4c  0  b  0...........(3)
b0c0a 0

Then we find that T is linearly independent.

b.
1
The system equation is Y  A. X  A .Y  X
 1 2 2 
A   1 1 3 
 2 3 4 

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  y1 
Y   y2 
 y3 
 x1 
X   x2 
 x3 
1
We must calculate A to solve the system equation:
The augmented matrix is:
 1 2 2 1 0 0 
 
 1 1 3 0 1 0 
 2 3 4 0 0 1 

Making the changes R1  R2 and 2R1  R3 the augmented matrix will become:
1 2 2 1 0 0 
 
0 1 1 1 1 0
 0 1 0 2 0 1 

Making the changes 2R2  R1 then  R2  R3 then  R3 the augmented matrix will become:
1 0 4 1 2 0 
 
0 1 1 1 1 0 
 0 0 1 1 1 1

Making the changes  R3  R2 then 4R  R1 the augmented matrix will become:

1 0 0 5 2  4 
 
0 1 0 2 0 1
 0 0 1 1 1 1

 5 2 4 
A1   2 0 1  , X  A1.Y
 1 1 1

X 1  5Y1  2Y2  4Y3
X 2  2Y1  Y3
X 3  Y1  Y2  Y3

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