Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • ch04 Probability pdf60-64

    Uploaded by

    smile km
    10 views5 pages

    Original Title

    ch04_probability_pdf60-64

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    10 views5 pages

    ch04 Probability pdf60-64

    Uploaded by

    smile km

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5
    Understand that probabilities range between 0 to 1. Identify complementary events. Identify the complement of familiar events. Use the sum of probabilities to solve problems. A TASK Given the following on course odds, it is possible to place a bet on each entrant and show a profit no matter which entrant wins And how often If S10 is placed on Belittle does this happen? ASE and Belittle wins, then $30 is retumed plus the $10 bet, making a total of $40. a) Given a purse of $100, how much should be placed on each entrant to return a profit no matter who wins? b) How can you identify situations where it is possible to bet on each entrant and make a profit? ALITTLE BIT OF HISTORY In 1654, a french nobleman thought that gambling even money on at least one double six appearing in 24 throws of two dice might be good value. The nobleman asked two famous French mathematicians, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, to decide if betting even money on double six was as good as it appeared. In solving the problem, Pascal and Fermat began the development of the mathematical theory of probability. Probabi Probability is the chance of ‘The chance can be expressed as a decimal, something happening. fraction, pecentage, ratio, or as words. impossible fifty-fifty certain 0 05 1 Exercise 4.1 1 Copy the above probability scale and add each of the following to the scale. a) The day after Thursday will be Friday. b) You will watch TV tonight. ©) You will eat bread today. d) It will rain tomorrow. €) You will have your driver's licence before you are 20. f) Throw a coin and it will land tails up. g) You will send a text message today. h) A snowball will keep cool in hell. Next time you get a i) The new baby will bea girl. find out about 2. Brainstorm each of the following: a) We have Buckley's chance of winning the match. b) The probability of tossing a coin and getting a head is fifty-fifty, or 0.5 or 4. Ifa coin is tossed 100 times, will the number of heads be 50? ©) Almost every gambling game involving money is unfair. d) The probability of rolling a die and getting a 4 is one-sixth, or 0.17, or "6. Ifa die is rolled 60 times, will the number of 4s be re ©) The probability of winning first prize in a lottery is 75990 Ns or 0.000001. This is so close to 0 that we have Buckley's chance Ca the lottery. ) The probability of winning first prize in a lottery is [5990 aaaans or 0.000001. How many tickets would we have to buy to have a fifty-fifty chance of winning the lottery? 3. Investigate the experimental probability of tossing a coin. Toss a coin 50 times. Copy and complete the following summary: No of Heads a No of Tails = = Probability of heads Probability of tails 50 When tossing a coin the theoretical probabilities are: Probability of Head = 4 =0.5 Probability of Tail = %= 0.5 a) Ifa coin is tossed 40 times, how many heads would be expected? b) Ifacoin is tossed 40 times, how many tails would be expected? ©) Ifacoin is tossed 400 times, how many heads would be expected? Investigate the experimental probability of tossing a die. Toss a die 60 times. Copy and complete the following summary: Number of Is Probability of 1 = rz Number of 2s Probability of 2= = Number of 3s Probability of 3= Number of 4s Probability of 4 Number of 5s Probability of S= = Number of 6s Probability of 6= = When tossing a die the theoretical probabilities are: I 1 Probability of I= ¢ =0.167 Probability of 2= ¢ =0.167 1 L Probability of = — =0.167 Probability of 4= & =0.167 1 1 Probability of 5= — =0.167 Probability of 6= & =0.167 a) Ifa die is tossed 30 times, how many 1s would be expected? b) Ifa die is tossed 30 times, how many 2s would be expected? ©) Ifadic is tossed 30 times, how many 6s would be expected? d Ifa dic is tossed 300 times, how many 6s would be expected? Chapter 4 Probability Theoretical Probabi ‘Number of favoursble outcomes - Theoretical probability = ~Toratnumber ot outcomes The sample space is a list of all possible outcomes. ‘A standard 6-sided die is thrown. | Eight balls are numbered I to 8. What What is the probability of each of the | is the probability of selecting a ball that following happening: shows: a) 3? b) odd? ¢) >4? a) 2? b) even? ¢) >6? Sample space = {1,2,3,4,5,6} Sample space = {1,2,3,4,5.6,7,8} a) PG)= 2 {there is one 3} | a) P(2)= 2 {there is one 2} b) Plodd)= ¢ = 4 {1,35 are odd} |b) Pleven) = $= 4 {2,468 are even} 3 2 1 ©) (6} Exercise 4.2 1 A six-sided die is thrown. What is the probability of each of the following: a) 3? b) even? ©) odd? a 5? °) 3? ) >4? Q > h) anumber divisible by 3? 2 Aneight-sided die is thrown. What is the probability of each of the following: a) 5? b) even? ©) odd? a 7? e) <5? ) >7? g) 5? h) anumber divisible by 3? 3. Abag contains five blue marbles and three red marbles. What is the probability of taking a marble from the bag that is: a) red? b) blue? ©) not red? d) not blue? e) blue or red? f) white? 4 Abag contains six white marbles and four yellow marbles. What is the probability of taking a marble from the bag that is: a) white? b) yellow? ©) not white? d) not yellow? ©) white or yellow? f) red? Statisticians put mathematics to scientific use to design, collect, and interpret, data experiments in many fields such as economics, medicine, psychology, marketing, public health, biology, sports, and others. + Relevant school subjects are mathematics. + Courses range from Bachelor degrees to Masters degrees and PhD. The Complement ‘Complementary: Two parts that make a whole, one being the P(A). negation of the other. Write the complement of each of the | Ten balls are numbered I to 10. following: What is the probability of selecting a a) The ball is red. ball that shows: b) An even will show. a) a multiple of 3? ¢) William will fall ill. b) nota multiple of 3? a) The ball is not red b) An odd will show. ¢) William will not fall ill Exercise 4.3 1 Write the complement of each of the following: a) The ball is white. ‘Complement: b) An odd number will show. ©) Mia will win the prize. P(notA) = 1 ~ P(A) d) The coin will show a tail. ©) It will rain today. 2. Six balls are numbered | to 6. What is the probability of selecting a ball that shows: a) 1? b) not 1? ©) odd? d) even? e) <3? f) not <3? 3 Sixteen balls are numbered | to 16. What is the probability of selecting a ball that shows: a) 10? b) not 10? ©) odd? d) even? e) >14? f) not>14? g) amultiple of 3?) _ not a multiple of 3? i) anumber divisible by 4? 4 The tickets in a staff raffle are numbered 1 to 50. What is the probability that the winning ticket is: a) 13? b) not 13? ©) odd? d) even? e)

    You might also like