ART APPRECIATION – Preliminaries  Cultural studies – study of man’s beliefs, arts,

Lesson 1: Introduction to Art Appreciation customs, literature, etc.

MEANINGS OF ART  Communication – art of sharing information
 Art (French) = skill as a result of learning or Assumptions of Art
practice. Art is Universal
 Ars (Latin) = ability or practical skills  Art immortalizes man and his marvelous
 Product of man’s inventiveness and creativity. achievements.
 Result of conscious will or effort to create  Literature and history provide us with all the
artworks or objects with function. evidence about the timelessness and universal
value of art and its unique contribution to
 Transforms and take inspirations from nature
mankind.
in creating something functional and valuable.
 Since men has interacted within the society, art
 Susanne Lander = art molds our actual life of
sprung up.
feelings, by giving form to the world, it
articulates human nature, sensitivity, energy,  In every country in every generation may it be
passion and mortality. primitive or modern, old or new there is art
expression that is why it is universal.
 This definition covers what art does. Artist in
his creation does expresses such human
Art is Not Nature.
condition through his feelings and emotions.
 It is a self-assumption that art is not nature
 Generally understood as any activity or product
simply because the natural things around us as
done by people with a communicative or
we believe created by God is a work of art.
aesthetic purpose —something that expresses
an idea, emotion or, more generally, a world  Though man’s art may get from the nature or
view. environment for inspirations, man most of the
time deal with the art using his own ability and
 It is a component of culture, reflecting
skills to create one.
economic and social substrates in its design.
 Surprisingly we as God’s most beautiful creation
 It transmits ideas and values inherent in every
of art is capable of creating our own
culture across space and time.
masterpieces not only to please our eyes but to
 Its role changes through time, acquiring more
make our lives as comfortable as it can be.
of an aesthetic component here and a socio-
educational function in humanities.
Art Involves Experience
 The human ability to make things of beauty and
 Experience is the actual doing of something.
things that stir man; it is creativity.
 The perfection of art appreciation will never be
possible without experiencing art.
HUMANITIES
 All art requires experience. One cannot say that
 Comes from the Latin word humanus. A
the painting of Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” is
human, cultured and refined.
breathtaking not unless he saw and experience
 Human – with rationality, kindness,
it by himself.
tenderness.
 All art forms available to us demands
 Cultured – educated and refined
experience.
 Refined – polished, polite, cautious behavior.
 First-hand experience is necessary to know a
work of art.
Aim of Humanities
 To promote awareness of the interrelationships 2 Characteristics of Experience
of all fields of knowledge because it represents
 Experience of Art is Subjective
people’s highest goals, aspirations, hopes and
o Our judgment of art is highly personal
ambitions as well as challenges,
and individual.
disappointments and frustrations reflected in
o Not everybody will agree on one’s
various acts.
judgment therefore it’s tantamount to a
Humanities as Social Science famous saying that “beauty is in the eye
of the beholder.”
 Anthropology – study of man’s beginnings.
 Art Experience Accompanied by
 Psychology – study of man’s mind and his
Emotional Response
behavior.
o Initial reaction in such experience of art
 Linguistics – study of man’s languages
is inevitable.
 o We may either like it or the other way
around.
o Just like the first one, the emotional
effect of art in one person may not be
the same to others.
Defining Art Appreciation
 Appreciation – giving value to; increase the
worth of; understand and recognize good
qualities of.
 Art Appreciation - deals with learning or
understanding and creating arts and enjoying
them.
 Art Appreciation or Aesthetic Education -
is the capacity to understand works of art and
experience a certain emotional enjoyment in
looking other work of art or creating own arts.
 Imagination – visualizing the unseen or
impossible things or envisioning ideas that are
not present in reality or wanting it to happen or
exist.
 Creativity – Just like the first, the envisioning
of ideas is likely a choice between to create a
new one and or recreate and improve the
present ideas.
 Expression – Individual expression of art, it
reflects the artist’s personal thoughts, ideas,
style and feelings.
 Art as a Process – acts such as drawing,
painting, sculpting, designing buildings,
engineering and technology, singing, dancing
and using the camera to create images and
memorable works.
 Art as a Product – the completed work: an
etching, a sculpture, a structure, a musical
composition, choreography or a tapestry.
 Art is the human ability to make things of
beauty and things that stir man; it is creativity.
 Art is concerned with sensuous medium such as
the mind, senses and arousing inner emotions.
 Art and humanities are coexistent. Human and
art appreciation is everything and everywhere.
It’s the way of living... It’s a lifestyle.
-P. D. Maurillo Jr.
Lesson 2 and 3: Brief History of Arts
 The history of art is as old as the history of
human from the prehistoric to the present
times.
 Early paintings of the cavemen to
Michelangelo’s “Mona Lisa” in the early 20th
century are both in the form of visual arts that
challenge our creative minds and inspire us to
witness the beauty of man’s creative skills.
 Art history or Art Historiography is the
historical study of the visual arts which aims to
identify, classify, describe, evaluate, interpret,
and understand the art products and historical
progress of painting, sculpture, architecture,
drawing, including the modern day
printmaking, decorative arts, photography,
interior designs and etc.
 The two primary concerns of this is one, to
discover who made the particular art piece or
object; and two is to understand techniques and
format developments of artistic traditions in a
greater measure and within a broad historical
perspective.
 Basically, it involves the identification and
analysis of the various artistic styles, time
periods, movements, and schools of the past.
Art Historiography involves the following:
1. To determine if the art object is indeed made by
the artist to whom it is conventionally
attributed or to authenticate the art object.
2. To determine the particular cultural period of
development or in the artist’s career, the
question of when the art object was made.
3. To assess the influence of one artist on the
succeeding artist in the past; and
4. To collect personal historical data on artists and
documentations on the past whereabouts and
ownership of specific works of art.
Nature, Functions, and Philosophy of Arts
Nature of Art
 Art is created by man for representation of life
or simply the way of life identified as follows:
1. To Express Life – Exploring Ideals and
Possibilities
2. To Provide Social Values and Cultural
Identity – Order and Structure
3. To Bridge Human Intelligence and
Perceptions – Form and Meaning
Functions of Art
 Art plays an important role in the society.
 There is difficulty in quantifying the functions
of arts in the history of human being because
almost all creations of man had its own unique
purpose.
 One of the significant functions of art deals with
religion. At the beginning of the civilization, art
was the impelling force of any forms of religion
by different communities of different countries.
1. Personal or Individual Function
2. Social Function
3. Economic Function
4. Political Function
5. Historical Function
6. Cultural Function
7. Religious Function
 8. Physical Function
9. Aesthetic Function
Philosophy of Art
 Art’s philosophy is contained in its nature which
includes concepts that embody its
interpretation, representation and expression,
and form.
 It is likewise strictly related to the study of
beauty and taste, which is aesthetics.
 The philosophy of art is differentiated from art
criticism that focuses on the analysis and
evaluation of a particular artwork.
 The philosophy in art can be seen through the
analysis of a particular art piece, the use of tools
and mediums is lifted and separated from the
whole composition and the meaning is
explained according to the artist’s personal
concept and his source of inspirations.
Philosophy of Art of Beauty & Art of
Aesthetic
 Philosophy of art is also tells the viewers the
difference between beauty and aesthetics.
 Art of beauty is not pertaining to the cosmetic
appearance of an art but rather measure the
viewer’s effect on emotional understanding in
the firsthand perception of the artwork.
 Art of aesthetic on the other hand refers to a
more philosophical totality of the art piece,
meaning the inclusion of all its physical, mental
and emotional components are analyzed and
understand from the standpoint of the artist.
The Aesthetic Theories of Art
Aesthetic theory of art is related to the historically
embedded descriptions and interpretations of the
concepts of arts and its significance to people’s
experience and emotions.
1. Imitationalism – representational art or
realistic art.
2. Formalism – focuses on the visual qualities of
art
3. Emotionalism – dramatic communication
4. Instrumentalism – features a particular idea
or a point of view.
Common Essentials of Art
1. Art has to be human-made.
2. Art must be creative, not imitative.
3. Art must benefit and satisfy human being.
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium or
material by which artists communicate themselves
to their audiences.
“Art is not what you see, but what you make
others to see.” - Edgar Degas
Lesson 4
“Art resides in the quality of doing; process is not
magic”. – Charles Eames
“To labor in the arts for any reason other than love
is prostitution”. - Steven Pressfield in The War of
Art
“Art is not a thing—it is a way”. - Elbert Hubbard in
a 1908 volume of Little Journeys to the Homes of
Great Teachers
“Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves
at the same time”. - Thomas Merton in No Man Is
an Island
“Art begins with resistance—at the point where
resistance is overcome. No human masterpiece has
ever been created without great labor”. - André
Gide in Poétique
 Art is something that is perennially around us.
Some people may deny having to do with the
arts but it is indisputable that life presents us
with many forms of art and opportunities for
communion with the art.
Art is Universal
 Pharaoh’s suit / Sculpture
 Buddha (Statue)
 Hieroglyphics
 Rice Terraces
 Eiffel Tower
 Merlion
 Tower of Pisa
Nature is not Art
 Art is man’s expression of his reception of
nature.
 Art is man’s way of interpreting nature.
 Art is made by man, whereas nature is a given
around us.
 It is this juncture that they can be considered
opposites.
 Movies are not meant to be direct
representation of reality.
 They may, according to the moviemaker’s
perception of reality, be a reinterpretation or
even distortion of nature.
 
Art Involves Experience
 When someone claims he has an experience of
something, he often means that he knows what
that something is about.
 When one claims that has experienced falling in
love, getting hurt, and bouncing back, he in
effect claims that he knows the endless cycle of
loving.
Art Appreciation:
Creativity, Imagination, and Expression
 It takes an artist to make an art.
 One may perceive beauty on a daily basis.
 However, not every beautiful things that can be
seen or experienced may truly be called a work
of art.
Art Appreciation: As a Way of Life
 Each artwork beholds beauty of its own kind
that the artist sees and wants the viewers to
perceive.
 More often than not, people are blind to this
beauty and only those who have developed a
fine sense of appreciation can experience and
see the art the same way the artist did.
 Numerous artworks go artist are not given
enough credit, and they miss opportunities.
 It sometimes takes a lifetime before their
contribution to the development of art is
recognized.
Role of Creativity in Art Making
 Creativity requires thinking outside the box.
 It is often used to solve problems that have
never occurred before, conflate function and
style, and simply make life a more unique and
enjoyable experience.
Art as product of imagination, imagination
as product of Art
“Imagination is more important than knowledge.
For knowledge is limited to all we now know and
understand, while imagination embraces the entire
world, and all there ever will be to know and
understand”.
Art as an Expression
 Robin George Collingwood, an English
philosopher who is best known for his work in
aesthetics, explicated in his publication “The
Principles of Art (1928)” that what an artist
does to an emotion is not to induce, but to
express it.
Visual Art
Artist produce visual arts driven by their desires
to reproduce things that they have seen in the
way that they perceived them (Collins & Riley,
1931)
Film
 Refers to the art of putting together successions
of still images in order to create an illusion of
movement.
 Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, cultural,
and social values and is considered as both an
art an industry.
Performance Art
 Performance art is a live art.
 The artist’s medium is mainly the human body
which he or she uses to perform, but also
employs other kind of art such as visual art,
props, or sound.
Poetry
 Poetry is an art form where the artist expresses
his emotions not by using paint, charcoal, or
camera, but expresses them through words.
 These words are carefully selected to exhibit
clarity and beauty and to stimulate strong
emotions of joy, anger, love, sorrow, and the list
goes on.
Architecture
 Not all buildings are beautiful.
 Some buildings only embody the functionality
they need, but the structure, lines, forms, and
the color are not beautifully expressed.
 Thus, not all buildings can be considered
architecture.
Dance
 Dancing is a creative form that allows people to
freely express themselves. It has no rules.
 You may say that choreography does not allow
this, but in art expression, dancers are not
confined to set steps and rules but are free to
create and invent their own movements as long
as they deem them graceful and beautiful.
Literary Art
 Artist who practice literary arts use words not
paint, musical instruments or chisels to express
themselves and communicate to the readers.
Theater Arts
 Theater uses live performance to present
accounts or imaginary events before a live
audience.
 Theater art performances usually follow a
script, though they should not be confused with
literary art.
LESSON 5 – Elements of Space
Space
 Involves both the physiological capability of the
visual system and the physical manipulation of
two-dimensional surface (picture plane) to give
the viewer an illusion of depth or distance.
Physiological Perception of Space
Two Process:
 Stereoscopic Vision – give the viewer
perception of depth because of the distance
between the two eyes
o Retinal disparity – the distance allow
the viewer to see two presentations of
the object, one from each eye. It gives
the viewer two images of the object then
physiologically merges them into one
image thus giving the viewer a
perception of depth or distance.
 Kinesthetic Vision – it involves the
movements of the eyes when looking at or
viewing the object. It was observed that more
ocular movements occur when the object is near
and less when the object is far.
The Illusion of Space
Overlapping
 When object is group, not all parts of some
objects will be seen.
 The tendency is object that are near will be seen
as complete or whole while object that are far
would be partly covered in front of it.
Relative Size and Linear Perspective
 Objects that are big will be perceived as near
compared to object that are far.
 The premise is: the farther the object is from the
viewer, smaller is the size of the object
Linear Perspective
o Parallel lines that meet at the horizon give
the illusion of distance.
o Object, therefore become smaller the nearer
they are to the point in the horizon where
the two lines converge.
Atmospheric (Aerial Perspective)
 The illusion of depth is created by techniques
known as gradient (a gradual change).
 Picture Plane is divided into three parts:
Foreground – lower part, nearest to the viewer
Middle ground
Background – the upper part of the picture
plane
Effect of Space
-Ortvirk (2002) “Art is a product of human
creativity and is always dependent on individual
interpretations and responses.
The Element of Value (Light and Shadow)
Light
 Value - this is gradual change from light to
dark and vice versa
o Achromatic Value – refers to changes in
the amount of reflected light from white to
grey to black and from black to grey to
white.
When Light falls on an object, the light rays do not
shine equally on all parts of the object and on the
area where light is blocked by the object, a cast
shadow results.
 Chiaroscuro – The technique of using light
and shadow in painting.
 Sfumato –Develop by Leonardo da Vinci
which is the gradual blending of light and
shadow gave the figures in his composition
more realistic form and depth quite evident in
the Mona Lisa
 Tenebrism – it is the exaggeration of
Chiaroscuro (later Perfected by Rembrandt)
 “Dark Manner” - Develop by Caravaggio
which is exaggerated the use of shadows
(characterized painting of the Baroque period)
Elements of Texture
Texture
 Derived from the Latin word for “Weaving” – it
usually refers to the feel of the surface of woven
fabrics
 How the surface of the material feels & look
like.
 Seeing texture without touching is what is
known as “visual texture”.
Types of Texture
 Actual Texture – refers to the feel and look of
the surface of the object. (3D Artwoks).
 o Impasto Paintings – (2D Artworks)
presenting texture in painting by putting a
thick layer of pigment on surface (Van
Gogh)
o Collage – (2D Artworks) adding interesting
textures to painting by pasting real objects
like paper, strings, leaves etc. (Picasso)
 Simulated Texture – Refers to a surface
characteristics that looks real but is not. The
purpose of this is to “fool the eye”. It is
accomplished by reproducing the color and
value patterns of familiar textures. The artist
encourages the view.
 Abstract Texture – the artist would focus on
one aspects of the real texture and emphasize it
thus modifying the texture of the whole
composition.
 Invented Texture - this texture is a product of
the artist’s imagination.
Element of Time and Motion
“Motion occurs through time”.
Motion can show direct actions in which movement
is perceived immediately or show an intended path
for viewer to follow to achieve the effect of motion
across the visual field.
 Actual Movement – the artist incorporates
actual movement in arts known as “kinetic art”.
(Sculptures).
o “Art Mobiles” – (Alexander Calder) –
employed changes in air current to make his
sculpture move.
 Implied Movement – To show implied
movement in art. A variety of lines may be used
together with some degree of repetition,
changes in the position, scale or size of the
object and varying proportion can create the
perception of movement or passing time in a
two dimensional piece of static art.
 Op Art – this technique of creating optical
sensation through repetition and manipulation
of color, shape and line.
LESSON 6 – Visual Arts
 Is a modern but imprecise umbrella term for a
broad category includes a number of discipline
from various sub-categories.
Definition of Visual Arts usually encompasses:
 Fine Arts
 Contemporary Arts
 Applied Arts
 Decorative Arts
1. Fine Arts – includes activities such as:
 Drawing - maybe defined as linear realization
of a visual objects, concepts, emotions and
fantasies.
 Painting - arrangement of shapes, lines,
colours, tones and textures on two dimensional-
surface thus creating and aesthetic image.
 Printmaking - is concerned with the
production of images by varying methods of
replication onto paper, parchment, fabric or
other supports.
- exists in multiples
 Sculpture - the most enduring and arguably
the greatest form of art known to man
- It played a major role in the evolution of
Western culture
- Key indicator of the cultural achievements of
classical antiquity.
 Graphic Art - its classical type includes:
o Cartoons
o Caricature
o Comic Strips
o Animation
o Line Drawing
o Sketching using pen, ink, and charcoal
 Manuscript Illuminations - strictest
definition : decorated with either gold or silver
- illustrated manuscript from Western
Traditions
 Book Illustrations - have been a
predominant form of visual arts, illustrators
used their graphic skills in the fields of :
o Poster Arts
o Advertisements
o Comic Books
o Animation
o Greeting Cards
 Calligraphy - DESIGN and execution of
lettering with a broad a tipped instrument,
brush, or writing instruments. It is an art of
giving form to signs in an expressive,
harmonious and skillful manner
 Architecture - is both a process and the
product of planning, designing and constructing
buildings or any structures. Historical
civilizations are often identified in their
surviving architectural achievements.
2. Contemporary Arts
Art is produced within our lifetime; recognizing
that Lifetimes and life span vary.
 Assemblage - is a form of three- dimensional
visual arts whose compositions are formed from
everyday items; usually called “ found objects”
 Collage - describes a composition made up of a
variety of assorted materials all glued to a piece
of paper/ board/ canvas.
 Conceptual Art - has no intrinsic financial
value, can deliver a powerful message.
Challenge to a tradition of a work of art being a
crafted unique object.
 Installation - often occupy an entire room or
gallery space that the spectator has to walk
through in order to engage fully with the work
of art.
 Happenings - can be a form of participatory
new media art, emphasizing an interaction
between the performer and the audience.
 Performance Art - is an artwork or art
exhibition created through actions executed by
the artist or other participants. It may be live,
through documentation, spontaneously or
written, presented to a public in a Fine Arts
context, traditionally interdisciplinary.
 Photography - is the art, application, and
practice of creating durable images by recording
light, either electronically by means of an image
sensor, or chemically by means of a light-
sensitive material such as photographic film.
 Video Art - as a medium can also be combined
with other forms of artistic expression such as
Performance art. This combination can also be
referred to as "media and performance art"
when artists "break the mold of video and film
and broaden the boundaries of art".
 Animation Art - is the visual art of making a
motion picture from a series of still drawings.
Famous animated film cartoons include Mickey
Mouse, Bugs Bunny and Donald Duck, Jungle
Book, the Simpsons, Shrek and Anime.
 Land Art - it has key concepts of: Time, Place,
relativity, experience; these are the key concepts
in Land Art.
 Graffiti Art - as a term refers to images or text
painted usually onto buildings, typically using
spray paint.
3. Decorative Art and Crafts
Ceramics, glassware, basketry, jewelry, metal ware,
furniture, textiles, clothing, and other such goods
are the objects most commonly associated with the
decorative arts.
1. Ceramic 2. Mosaic 3. Tapestry Art
Principles of Design
 Balance
 Scale & Proportion
 Repetition & Rhythm
 Emphasis
 Unity
4. Applied Arts
The applied arts are all the arts that apply design
and decoration to everyday and essentially practical
objects in order to make them aesthetically
pleasing.
 Fashion design is a form of art dedicated to
the creation of clothing and other lifestyle
accessories.
 Interior designers make indoor spaces
functional, safe, and beautiful by determining
space requirements and selecting essential and
decorative items, such as colors, lighting, and
materials. They must be able to draw, read, and
edit blueprints.
 Body art is art made on, with, or consisting of,
the human body. The most common forms of
body art are tattoos and body piercings and
body painting
Visual Arts Education provides opportunities
for all students to perceive, respond to, and create
and communicate through images, allowing them
to experience and apply throughout their lives the
power, ideas, and emotions expressed in visual
images.
“Everybody is standing, but you must stand out.
Everybody is breaking grounds; but you must
breakthrough! Everybody scratching it; but you
must scratch it hard! Everybody is going, but you
must keep going extra miles! Dare to be
exceptionally excellent and why not?”
― Israelmore Ayivor
LESSON 7 – Color Wheel
 Primary Colors – Red, Blue, Yellow
 Secondary Colors – Violet, Green, Orange
 Color Mixing - Primary Colors are mixed in
specific pairs to create Secondary Colors.
o Red + Blue = Violet
o Blue Yellow = Green
o Red Yellow = Orange
Tints and Shades
 Tints are colors that are created using any color
from the color wheel and white.
 Tints can range from dark to light, depending
on how much white they have in them.
 Shades are colors that are created using any
color from the color wheel and black.
 Shades are generally much darker than tints.

Monochromatic Colors
 Monochromatic colors are created by mixing a
color from the color wheel with varying
amounts of white.
 Monochromatic color refers to a color scheme
that is comprised of variations of one color.
 Color is the most complex artistic element
because of the combinations and variations
inherent in its use.
 Humans respond to color combinations
differently, and artists study and use color in
part to give desired direction to their work.
 Color is fundamental to many forms of art.
 Art has existed for a very long time even before
the beginning of formal education. In the
ancient times, it was used to appease the gods,
frighten enemies, compel people, and
distinguish between various cultures and even
served reasons for personal and economic
importance.

 Art shows us what was important and valuable

over time from depictions within the art itself.
 The heart of art is a more everyday thing — it's
in the design of our clothing and electronic
devices and cars.
 Typography is an art form.
 RN2024
Sources: PPT (Ms. Laguna)
1ST Year 2ND Semester Prelims
02/24/2020