Nama : Rahman Hanggara

Nim : 41420010014

assignment 9 Kewarganegaraan

Conclusions 1

In the Unitary State model, the basic assumptions differ diametrically from those of the
Federal State. The formation of the Unitary State was declared upon independence by the
founders of the state by claiming all of its territories as part of one state. There is no
agreement between the regional authorities, let alone the state, because it is assumed that
all the territories included in their territory are not independent parts of the territory. On
this basis, the state formed regions or regions which were then given power or authority by
the Central Government to take care of the various interests of its people.

In the Unitary State there is also the principle that all state affairs are not divided
between the Central Government and Local Government in such a way, so that state affairs
in the Unitary State remain anonymous and that the Holder of Highest Power in The State
is the Central Government. In addition, the responsibility for the implementation of
governmental duties basically remains with the central government.

It can be said that the federal government is one of the historical contributions of the
United States administration to the modern world. The Federal, State Model departs from
a basic assumption that it is formed by a number of independent states or territories,
which from the beginning have sovereignty or some kind of sovereignty over each of them.
The states or territories that then agree to form a federal. The states and territories of the
founders of the federation then change status to states or administrative territories with
specific names within the federal sphere.

In other words, it is the state or territory that is a member of the federation which
basically has all the powers which are then partially transferred to the federal government.
Usually, the federal government is given full control in the areas of monetary, defense,
judiciary and foreign relations. Other powers tend to be retained by the state or
administrative region. The power of the division has been usually very prominent in
domestic affairs, such as education, health, social welfare, and public security (police).
Forming a federal state.

Conclusions 2

The examples of countries that adhere to a unitary state system are Indonesia, the
Netherlands, England and Japan.

The characteristics of a unitary state are:

1) Has only one constitution, the head of state, council of ministers and council of people's
representatives.
2) As well as only having one policy, namely regarding social, economic, political, cultural,
defense and security issues.
3) State sovereignty in the form of internal and external sovereignty is handled by the
central government.

The examples of countries that apply a federal state system are Malaysia, Australia, the
United States and India.

While the characteristics of the federal state are:

1) The head of state is elected by the people and has a responsibility to the people.
2) The head of state has veto power which has been proposed by parliament.
3) Each state has original power, but does not have sovereignty.
4) Each state has the power to draw up or plan its own constitution and most importantly,
it must conform to the central government system.
5) The central government has sovereignty over each state in regulating external affairs
and some internal affairs of the state.
Difference between Federal, State and Unitary State

1) The Power of the Government System

Unitary state: Remains within the center and the central government have the power
to make interim decisions.
Federal state: Most power except those relating to international affairs are delegated
to local or provincial governments.
2) Form of government
Unitary state government: has one government, which is called the central
government.
Federal government: has two governments, the first being at the central position and
the second at the state or provincial level.
3) Constitution
Unitary state government: sometimes some have a constitution or not a constitution.
Federal government: must have a constitution.

Conclusions 3

The external factor influencing federal, state orders is economic motives. The ordering
process, changing forms, changing conditions, and changing conditions from a unitary state
to a federal state are caused by internal regulations. The formation of a federal state at
least begins with the first two preceding events. Very high level of centralization of power.
Second, centrifugal force caused by differences in Trojan differences between groups which
can lead to motions that are independent and separate.

To form a Federal, State, two conditions are needed, namely: First, there is a feeling of
countrymen among the political units that want to form the sedation, and Second, there is
a desire for political units that wish to establish limited ties, therefore if the political units
are it requires complete unity, so it is not a federation that will be formed, but the Unitary
State.
The factors inhibiting national unity and integrity are as follows.

1) The diversity of society

This condition can become an obstacle to national unity and integrity if it is not
accompanied by mutual respect, respect, and tolerance which has become the
distinctive characteristics of Indonesian society.
This diversity can result in the emergence of differences of opinion that trigger out
of control, the growth of excessive regional feelings that can lead to conflicts
between regions or between ethnic groups.
2) Area / Geographical
The geography of a country consisting of islands and archipelago has different
characteristics.
It is feared that a number of regions will choose to separate from a country. These
areas include areas that are far from the center, areas bordering other countries,
and areas that have large natural wealth.
3) Dissatisfaction with economic inequality and unequal economic development.
This condition can weaken the unity and integrity of the nation if inequality and
inequality of development and development outcomes cannot be resolved.
This dissatisfaction can lead to conflict between the local government and the
central government.