SAS 29

LESSON PREVIEW
In acute kidney injury ___. Chronic kidney injury

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

Multiple Choice

1. d. muscle protein catabolism

Rationale: One of the main problems that accompany acute stress is muscle protein degradation, which is caused by the hormone
cortisol, and can lead to muscle wasting.

2. d. Protein and energy recommendations are often increased to minimize muscle tissue losses.
Rationale: To decrease the loss of muscle tissue during acute metabolic stress, the protein and energy requirement is increased. A
higher intake of protein and energy improves infections, increases muscle mass. heals wounds, and decreases mortality rate
in critically ill patients. Various nutrients are required in large quantities such as arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, and so on..

3. c. destruction of the walls separating the alveoli

Rationale: Emphysema is a condition in which the elastic structure of the lungs is broken down and the walls of the smallest
bronchioles and alveoli is destroyed, which significantly changes the surface area available for respiration.

4. d. all of the above.

Rationale: Dyspnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cause a dramatic reduction in physical activity and one's quality of life.
Activities of daily living become exhausting. Weight loss and wasting are common in the advanced stages of disease
because of hypermetabolism, poor food intake, and the actions of various inflammatory proteins. Therefore, it is the most
appropriate option.

5. a. careful attention to providing enough, but not too much, energy.

Rationale: Patients with lung injuries and acute respiratory distress are hyper metabolic. Energy and protein rich diets needs to be
provided to sustain the muscle tissue and lung function without any burden on the respiratory system. The intake of
excessive energy can cause increase in production of carbon dioxide, which increases the ventilation rate. This leads to
respiratory acidosis and increase respiratory stress.

LESSON WRAP-UP
CAT 3-2-1
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Two things you’d like to learn more about:

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One question you still have:

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