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    134 views30 pages

    UNIT-1 Problems

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    Hyma Gelli

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    Chapter 1 Power System Modelling EXAMPLE 1.1 A three phase generator with rating 1000 kVA, 33 kV had its armature resistance and synchronous reactance as 20/phase and 700/phase. Calculate p.u. impedance of the generator, SOLUTION ‘The generator ratings are chosen as base kV and base kVA. Base kilovolt, kV, = 33 kV Base kilovoltampere, kVA, = 1000 kVA kVp) G3? MVA, 1000/1000 Base impedance Zs = 1089.2 per phase Actual impedance Z= (20+ j70) Q/ phase per phase _ Actual impedance _ _Z _ 20+j70 ~~ Base impedance Z, 1089 J. peu. impedance, Zp, = 0.018 + j0.064 p.u, EXAMPLE 1.2 A three phase, A-Y transformer with rating 100kVA, 11kV/400 V has its primary and secondary leakage reactance as 12 0/phase and 0.05 /phase respectively. Calculate the p.u. reactance of transformer. SOLUTION 4 Cas The high voltage winding (primary) ratings are chosen as base values. ..Base kilovolt, kV, = 11 kV Base kilovoltampere, kVA, = 100kVA. Base impedance) 2 2 pedance| > _(kMY | ing per phase MVA, 100/1000 Transformer line voltage ratio, K= 4° - 0.0364 17,000 Total leakage reactance : a e Xo) =X +X =X, 4222124 2B 5 212437737 referred to primary K (0.0364) = 49.737 Q/ phase Power System Analysis e ‘Total leakage reactanes eu, renctance per phase, Xyu = — page impedance Xo _ 49-737. 9041 pu. 1210 Case(ii) . i The low voltage winding (secondary) ratings are chos -: Base kilovolt, kV, = 400/1000 = 0.4 kV Base kilovoltampere, kVA, = 100 kVA nas base values. - MVA, 10/1000 Basdtiphda 2 2 ase impei “|.-tel 04) Liga per phase 400 Transformer line voltage ratio, K =~ = 0,0364 ransformer line voliage ratio, K=— Oo Total leakage reactance i. . Xen =X} + Xz = K?X) +X, referred to secondary = (0.0364)? x 12+0.05 = 0.0159+0.05 = 0.0659 / phase _ Total leakage reactance _ Xqy Base impedance _Z, cu. reactance per phase, Xp, Note: 1. It is observed that the p.u. reactance of a transformer referred to primary and secondary are same. ed | 2. Inthree phase transformer if the voltage ratio K is obtained using line ‘alues then using this value of K the phase impedance per phace of star side can be directly transferred to delta side or vice-versa. EXAMPLE 1.3 A three phase Y-A transformer is constructed using three idesany a transformers of rating 00 VA, 63 51V/ILAV transforms hee Single phase and secondary are20 + j45®and 0.1 + j0.20 respectively. Cale ee ces of primary of the transformer, ‘€ p-u. impedance SOLUTION * ‘The three phase transformer is formed using three ni 4 hase transformers. Hence the kVA rating of three phase ee speteal single Pe single phase transformer, three times that Chapter 1 Power System Modelling #-KVA rating of three phase transformer = 3x 200 = 600 kVA Line voltage rating of Y-A transformer = 6351 V3 kV/11 kV =HOKV/ILkKV Case(i) The high voltage winding (primary) ratings are chosen as base values, Base kilovolt, kV, = 110 kV Base kilovoltampere, kVA, = 600kVA = 201667 2 Base am (kM)? 10)? Zy= per phase “MIVA, 600/1000 Transformer line voltage ratio, “i. ol Total impendace 1+ {0.2 Zo =Z, +2; 1 + hn 204 j4s+ 21+ 102 99 « j454 10+ j20 referred to primary! K’ (0.1) =30+ j65 2/ phase _ Total impedance _ 30+ j65 . oe uu. impedance per Phase, Zu =p impedance ~ 201667 Case(ii) ‘The low voltage winding (segondary) ratings are chosen as base values. Base kilovolt, kV, = 11kV Base kilovoltampere, kVA, = 600kVA. 2, = =U) __-01670 Base impedance (kv) ay? MVA, _ 60071000 per phase Transformer ling voltage ratio, K= a =0l Total impedance , : Zqq = Zy + Z,=K7Z, +Z referred to secondary , = (0.1)? x (20+ j45) + 01 + j0.2= 0.2 j0.45+0.1 + j0.2 = 0.3+ j0.65 2/ phase a piu, reactance per phase, Zp = Saas eB one pes = 0.0015 + j0.0032 p.u. 18 Power §\ | System Analysis former referred to primay i ce of atrans! Note: 1. Hisobservedthacthep..impeden and secondary are same. ransformer if this value of K, to delta si he voltage ratio K is obtained Using ling the impedance per phase of star side 2. Inthree phase jde or vice-versa. values then usin} can be directly transferre EXAMPLE 1.4 ‘A 50 KNW, three phase, Y connected load is fed by 206 etal wit voltage ating 11 kV/400V through a feeder. The length of he NOM Tt the impedance of the feeder is 0.1-+j0.2 €/km. If the load p-F- 18 O:"s the pa, imipedance of the load and feeder. SOLUTION . 7 Let us choose the secondary winding rating of transformer as base values, --Base kilovolt, kV, = 400/1000 = 0.4 kV Base kilovoltampere, kVA, = 200kVA Base impedance > 2 ps Z, = (kV) 7 (0.4)’ =082 per phase MVA, 200/100 « ‘Actual impendace] : ‘ . Zea = (0.1 + j0.2) x 05 = 0.05 + j0.1 Q/ phase of feeder Pt, impedance) = Aetual impedance _ Zia of feeder mt" Base impedance Zs = 005+ jO1 006254 j eG rata + j0125 pps. Given that P = 50kW and pf = cost = 0.8 Sing = sin(cos0,8) = 0.6 ; c ng = 00 Reactive power, Q=— xsing= "x 0.6=37.5 kVAR parciaeea le OF aio? perp JQ -(50- 537.5) x10 50-3875 e160 6252—36.878 = 7-55236.87° = 2.048 + 1.536 W / phase é p.u value of hz ~ Load impedance _ 7, Pl : Law = St. 2.048 4 51.536 Joad impedance Base impedance “7, DE n= 2.56 +192 pu. 9 Chapter 1 Power System Modelling EXAMPLE 1.5 The three-phase ratings of a three winding transformerare Primary : Y-connected, 110kV, 20MVA. Secondary : Y-connected, 13.2kV, 15MVA Tertiary: A-connected, 2.1 kV, 0.5 MVA Three short-circuit tests performed on this transformer yielded the following results @ primary excited, secondary shorted : 2290 V, 52.5 A (ii) Primary excited, Tertiary shorted : 1785 V, 52.5 A (iii) Secondary excited, Tertiary shorted: 148 V, 328 A. Find the p.u. impedances of the star-connected single-phase equivalent circuit for abase of 20 MVA, 110 kV in the primary circuit. Neglect resistances, SOLUTION ‘Test () and (ii) are performed on primary winding, hence the p.u. impedances of Z,,andZ, can be obtained directly using the primary winding ratings as base values. The test (ii) is performed on secondary winding, hence the p.u. impedance Z,, is obtained using secondary winding rating as bases and then it can be converted to primary winding base. To find alue of Zand Z, Base kilovolt of primary circuit, kV, ,, = 110kV Base megavoltampere of primary circuit, MVA, , = 20MVA 2 2 <. Base aa 7 (kVp. py) _ (110) Eis fees of primary circuit |" “MVAypy 20 The readings of test (i) can be used to calculate the value of Z,, in Q/phase. Z ps in 2/ phase = 290/V3 951935 0/ phase 52.5 Note :.Theprimaryis star connected. Zpg in Q/ ph p.u, value of Zpg = BE Pee 25.1835 9416 pu, iy 6 The readings of test (ii) can be used to calculate the value of Z,, in Q/phase. 1785/3 Zp in Q/ phase = 3" 19,6299 Q/ phase Note : The primary is star connected. * pu, value of Zyy = Zin QI phase 19% ST = 196299 _ 0.0324 p.u. Zypy 605 2 Power System Analysis ! To find p.u. value of 2 ‘f 2 13.2kV a ae = 15M) Base megavoltampere of secondary circults MVA i 2 L- Base impedance} (HV pe) (32) 11.616 92/ phase ei Ae tue of Z, in 2/phase hu st 7 The readings of test (iii) can be used to calculate the val 2y in Q/ phase = 148/13 _ 9.2605 02/ phase i 328 Note : The secondary is star connected. p-u, value of Z,, on the base Zz, in 2/ phase _ 02605 _ 9.9724 p.u. Tae 11.616 Base kilovolt of secondary circuit, KV of secondary cireuit values of secondary circuit The p.u, value of Z,, on the secondary circuit base valu primary circuit base using the following formula. 2 : KV, oid MVAb, new. Here new refers to primary and old refers to secondary. .u.value of Zon the base) _, 7 : “ Ziq = 0.0224 x () x (2) = 0.0299 p.u. values of primary circuit no) “(45 es can be converted to Note: The kV, ,.. when referred to primary side will be(110/13.2)x13.2 = 110kV. To compute Z,,Z,’and Z/ : Z, 1 eel er [Zn +Zp-2u] =F [0.0416 +0.0324 0.0299] = 0.0221 p.u. sod ’ 1 ue5 [Zr +Zy- Zp] ay [0.0416 +0,0299 - 0.0324] = 0.0196 p.u, 4 ; 1 at [Zp + Zic~ Zp] = 7 [0.0324 + 0.0299 ~ 0.0416]= 0.01035 p.u. The single phase star connected equivalent circuit indi oftthree winding transformer isshown in fig 1.5.1. Since the resistances are neglected the im ae ison Tepresented as ces. Z',~ j0.0196 Paar reac Z, = j0.0221 ; Fig 1.5.1: Single phase fo) equivalent circuit of three ———comnton Winding transformer | Power System Analysis, 3 24 ts of power system are expressed either in ohm, nents ini which is calculated using jected and the reotag ces are neg} ; stdnoet mn base. Hence starting from ong bp Id be convert mponent shoul. fed to each orm ane specified reactance ofthe The impedance of the compo’ (actual impedance) or in p.u. base values. In reactance diagram, ofall the components are exPressee ©» end of power system the reactances ee p.u. reactances on the selected new component is in ohms then ‘Actual reactance in ohms pau, reactance = re inp.u. on the component rating yponer ing os old base values ond seleceg nt ence on new base.can be calculated when the specified reactance of the component is as base values, then consider the compo! base values as new bases. Now the p.u. ret using the formula. ? (MVA bnew *\MVAs out Xpu,new = Xpu.old * EXAMPLE 1.6 7 3) b) SOLUTION ‘A generator is rated 500 MVA, 22 kV. Its "Y-connected winding ‘has a reactance of 1.1 p.u. Find the ohmic value of the reactance of winding, : If the generator is working in a circuit for which the bases are specified as 100MVA, 20kV. Then find the p.u. value of reactance of generator winding on the specified base. (@ The generator p.u. reactance will be specified by taking its rating as base values - +.Base kilovolt, kV, =.22 kV and Base megavoltampere, MVA, = S00MVA (kV)? _ 22? Base impedance, Z, = Yb) _ =? _ 9 P > MVA, 500 709682 Per unit reactance, X,, = “tual reactance, 2 __X_ Base impedance, QZ, Actual reactance, X= Xp, x2) = 110.968 = 10648 ©/ phase (b) The formula used to convert the p.u. reac = another base is given below 7 tance specified on a base value to Xpu,new = Xpu, old + V6, J x| MVAg. no ; KV. new wa] ‘The new base valuesare, kV, | = 20keV an d The old base values are kV, |. = 22 ky onde ney = 10OMVA, VAY = 500MVA 22 (100 * =Lix|— ome “H(Es) »( yt. the component rating. | — 25 Chapter 1 Power System Modelling EXAMPLE 1.7 A302MVA, 20 kV, 36 generator has a subtransient reactance of 20%. The generator supplies 2 synchronous motors through a 64 km transmission line having transformers at both ends as shown in fig 1.7.1, In this, T, is a 36 transformer'and T,, is made of 3 single phase transformer of rating 100 MVA, 127/13.2 kV, 10% reactance. Series reactance of the transmission line is 0.5 Q/km, Draw the reactance diagram with all the reactances marked in p.u, Select the generator rating as base values, { 350MVA x ene 20/230 kV, 3.100 MVA_ eis mh 10% i27/13.2kV B2kVy, ey yet, 1% T, —&) g © t 4 70.5 07 km ; & a - aA r—@) Y iq 100MVA ‘ a a 13.2kV 20% SOLUTION Base megavoltampere, MVA, .,, = 309MVA Base kilovolt, kV, 44 = 204V - Reactance of Generator G Since the generator rating and the base values are same, the generator p.u. reactance does not change. ". pau. reactance of generator = 20% = 0.2 p.u. Reactance of Transformer T, Reactance of Transformer T, The new p.u. reactance KV5, out J (at) ane = Xu, org X{ eee |x| MU Aras of Transformer 7 mM UKV ny MVAg, ait aaaanai. S 20)* 300 / =0.1x(22) 302 = 00857 pan ors(55) *350 7 Reactance of Transmission line Reactance of transmission line = 0.5.0/km, Total reactance of transmission line = 0.5 x 64 = 32Q. Base kV on HT side HT voltage rating _ 59, 230 _a39 Kv MO: a 7 LT side x | Bae ce sella tee of transformer Ty -} | Power System Analysis (Kv)? 230% 217633. Base impedance, Zy = qyay 300 = o— 2 ). Ue Per unit reactance of ‘Actual reactance _ e =0181 5 p.u. = Fase impedance 176- Transmission line Reactance of Transformer T, ‘The transformer, isa S-phase transformer bel forma ee numbers, single phase transformers with voltage rating 127/132 KY: star connected and low-voltage side is delta connected. voltage side's a of x127 _ 220 32. 132 LT voltage rating Base kV on LT side of, transformer T, = Base kV on HT side. AT voltage rating Cf Vv Voltage ratio of line voltage of 3 phase transformer bank k 2 ky, MVA The new p.u. reactance of transformer T = X pu, oid ¥ (ae) x =) KV6, new MVA5, ota 2 132 300 =0.1 200", |e, (8) (2) 0.0915 p.u. y Reactance of M, 2 KV.o ) (MVAb, new KV new) LMVAG, aig pau. reactance of My on new base =Xvy, a x ( KV, ot ~024( 22 » 300 38) “397 02745 pau, Reactance of M, .u. reactance of M2 on ney se= P. 2 OM MEW BASE Ky au x KY, ow Bae | [ eA bnew J (MVA P 30 ia Iw 27. Chapter 1 Power System Modelling Reactance diagram ‘The reactance diagram is shown in fig 1.7.2. 88\__1580\___1600 j0.0857 jo,1815—j0.0915 jo2 £ j0.2745 3 j0.549 E 2 4 1 als EnQ OFn Fig 1.7.2: Reactance diagram of the system shown in fig 1.7.1. (all reactance values are in p.u.) EXAMPLE 1.8 A 120MVA, 19.5 kV generator has a synchronous reactance of 0.15 p.u. anditis connected to a transmission line through a transformer rated 150 MVA, 230/18 kV (V/A) withX = 0.1 pu. @ Calculate the p.u. reactances by taking generator rating as base values. (©) Caloulate the p.u. reactance by taking transformer rating as base values. © — Calculate the p.u. reactances fora base value of 100 MVA sand 220kV on HT side of transformer. SOLUTION @ Basemegavoltampere, MVA,, = ZOMVA 4 Basealovols KV, ey SEV ) Since the generator ratings are chosen as base values, its p.u. reactance will not change. ~-Reactance of generator = 0.15 p.u. ‘ 2 kV, MVAg, ne New p.u, reactance of transformer = Xpu, og X| |x| ——E™ " KV 5, new. MVAy, oi 18 120 =0,.1 «| — — = 0.0682 (iS) * 750 700682 Pu Base megavoltampere, MVAy, yay SOMVA Base kilovolt, kV, .y= 18V Since the transformer tatings are chosen as base values, its pu teactance will not change. -Reactance of transformer = 0.1 p.u. or ema y ‘ 2 noe of generator = Xpu, old *URVp, now MVAp, oid 2 198) % -oase{ 18 = A MVAs, new 100 MV: New pw, reacta © Base megavoltamperes Base kilovolt, KV, gew™ 2208V Inthis case the base values are neither generator ratings nor transformer ratings ly both the p.u. reactances: should be converted to new base. KVp, old MVAb, new, New p.u. reactance of transformer = Xpu,old *| EV, ey MVAy, ia a ; 230)? 100 nox (220) x12 = 0.0729 p.u. onx(23) *750 ‘The gerierator is connected to LT side of ‘transformer. <. Base kV referred of LT voltage rating HT voltage rating = Base kV on HT side x LT side of transformer, 18 =220x = 17. *530 17.22 KV Now, KV, new = 17.22 kV New p.u. star ? p.w. react ao a KVo.o ) (MVAv, new of generator OU RVveew)) UMVA og s los =0.15x{ —— 100 (23) «(= orsos peu. RESULT kV, = 19.5kV; Mva, V, = 18kV ; MY, bh kV,=18kV i MVA, = 150MVa, x ce kV,=220kV;MVA, 4 rug = 0.22 pus X= OL po OOMVA,x 8 , mugen = 0.1603 p.u.; X= 0.0727F ; oa = 120 Mva, Xan eee = 0.15 p.u. sXe = 0.0682p" 29 i Chapter 1 Power System Modelling EXAMPLE 1.9 Thesingle ine diagram of an unloaded power system sshown in fig 1.9.1. The generator and transformers are rated as follows, Ty, json. . T, Y section 1 j1000 = AY econ i 7 © Y i aA e & 2 wor gf Generator, G, = 20MVA, 13.8kV,X" = 20% Generator, G, = 30MVA, 18kV, X” = 20% Generator, G, = 30MVA,20kV, X" = 20% Transformer, T, = 25MVA,220/13.8kV,X = 10% Transformer, T, = 3 single phase units each rated at 1OMVA, 127/18kV,X = 10%. Transformer, T, = 35 MVA, 220/22 kV,X = 10%. Draw the reactance diagram using a base of 50MVA and 13.8kV on the generator G,, Fig 1.9.1 SOLUTION Base megavoltampere, MVA, pew = SOMVA. Base kilovolt, kV, = 13.8kV Reactance of Generator G, * Reactance of Generator G, New p.u. reactance KVn.od ) | (MVAs, new =Xpu,od *| ae |X of generator Gy K MVAy, ow i. 138) (50)_ =02%(H) (2) =05 pu. 138, Reactance of Transformer T, pee of Transformer fry “New p.u nee of transformer T; iain i I Power System Anraryst \ ion lines Reactance of Transmissi 13.8%2 si yr voltage rating Base ev en HT “i __pase BV on LT SHE Tr yoltage rating of transformer Ty Now, kVp, new = 220 kV 2 Base impedance on m (Vane) 2 220" _ 968.0 side of transformer MVAinow 50 p.u. reactance | of transmission line _Aetual reactance, © _ 80 0.0826 p.u. Base impedance, 2 96 . ; 10 p.u, reactance of section ‘| Actual reactance, 2 _ 100 _ 91933 pu, of transmission line = Base impedance, 2 968 Reactance of Transformer T, __ The transformer 'T, is a 3-phase transformer bank formed using three num}. single phase transformer with voltage rating 127/18 kV. In this the HT sides connected and LT sideis delta connected. ; 7 «. Voltage ratio of line an Sexir7 220 = kv of 3-phase transformer bank 18 18 Base kV on LT side} fumes % |e KV off HT side x LT voltage rating 18 b HT voliage rating ~ °° 397 '*3Y Now, KV, say" 18kV , New p.u. reactance WW, 2 of transformer ‘T, {~ *rmot * (a) x (Sean now MVA b, old * sy =0.1x]— . (i) (2 , , now Now p.u, reaclanee ofgeneraior Gy |" Xrmou (Re) (es x wat) rr : 2 'b, old 02x (8) x ( 50) 8) (30) = 93333 pau,” 3) Chapter 1 Power System Modelling Reactance of Transformer T, Reactance of Transformer T, Base kV on LT side] 4 it i Base kV on HT side EE NCHE AHO, 339, 22a yy 3 of transformer ‘Ty Now, KV), pew = 22 KV TIT voltage rating New p.tt reactance] KVp,ou)' _ (MVAg, ott «| HEY 2) (30 of transformer Tj KV. new MVA ot (2 (2) =o. peu. 3 3 bold Reactance of Generator G, New p.u. reactance] KVi.ou ) (MVAy, = Xp oe *[ RoE] af MY An oe of generator G3 ‘Vo,new) - MVAg, aia 2 =02% (2) x (3 = 02755 piu. Reactance diagram RG ‘The reactance diagram is shown in fig 1.9.2. STON. SOTO LEC _S55O°. j0.2 j0.0826 j0.1033. j0.1667 jos g jo.1429 : _* 0.2755 bad 3 Eye Ey C EAC ae % Fig 1.9.2 : Reactance diagram of the system shown in fig 1.9.1 (all reactance values are in p.tt) EXAMPLE 1.10 Draw the reactance diagram for the power system shown in fig 1.10.1. Neglect resistance and use a base of 100MVA, 220 kV in 50 © line, The ratings of the generator, motor and transformer are given below. AY. Loe 1, 3%/arekn pea oky, : e fers js00 i @y g a % wa bd - Fig 11010 ~ Generator :40MVA,25 kV, X” = 20% Synchronous motor :50MVA, 11 kV, X" = 30% > Power System Analysis 3 Y-Y Transformer :40MVA, 33/220kV, X = 15% Y-A Transformer: 30MVA, 11/220kV (A/Y), X = 15% SOLUTION -* Base megavoltampere, MVAy, = 1OOMVA Basekilovolt, kV, yay = 220KV new Reactance of Transmission line kV, Base impedance = 3° = = 484 0 eu. reactance of] Actual reactance, © Actual reactance, O50 91033 p.u. transmission lineJ Base impedance, Q me Reactance of Transformer T, Base kV on LT side] i |. Base kV on HT side x L7voltage rating, in = 779 x 22 =33 kV HT voltage rating 220 of Transformer 7, Now, KV, new = 33 kV New p.u, reactance of _ wef Eos > (MVAR a x] — bnew ‘Transformer T, me Vener MVAy oid 1 =015x( 33) (100). (2 (2): 0375 p.u. Reactance of Generator G pene sao Ma ) (MVAs, nw of generator G PP Vonew )” OMVAS. ot 25)" | (100 =02 (3 (4)- 0.287 p.u, Reactance of Transformer T, Base kV on LT “ of Transformer T, =IkV Base KV on HT side x <1 Voltage rating _ HT voltage rating ~ 220* a =1LkV ‘Now, kVp, new 33 New p.u reactance “" Transformer T, i KV), ota Xue (Re) -{ mose( tf (2) Reactance of Synchronous motor eds ONO we Chapter 1 Power System Modelling MVA4, ota 05 piu, New pau, reactance of w{ #¥ecaw (MA * nw ‘ wm, of x } synchronous motor mH UV e new ). UMVAS, oa a 2 ‘+ h =03x(2) x (19) <6 pu. , VW 50 Reactance diagram ‘The reactance diagram is shown in fig 1.10.2. j0.375 j0.1033 EXAMPLE 1.11 Draw the reactance diagram for the power system shown in fig 1.11.1. The ratings of ~MVA, 138 kV in the 40.0 line. }40Q nerator, motor and transformers are given below. Neglect resistance and use a base of 50 Fig LILI Power System Analysis 24 Generator G, :20MVA, 18kV,X" = 20% 7 eat Generator G, : 20 MVA, 18 kV, X" = 20% Synchronous motor : 30MVA, 13.8kV, X" = 20% 3-phase, Y-Y_ Transformer : 20MVA, 138/20 kV, X = 10% 3-phase, Y-A ‘Transformer: 15 MVA, 138/13.8kV, X = 10% SOLUTION Base megavoltampere, MVAy, gay" SOMVA Base kilovolt, kV, lle I 138kV Reactance of }40 Transmission line + 1387 Base impedance BS - 380880 pu, reactance of | Actual reactance, Q _ 40Q transmission line, ’ ~ Base impedance, 2 Reactance of Transformer. T Base kV on LT side] } = Base KV on HT side x ELYoeee NE, = 138x 22 =20kV HT voltage rating 138 of Transformer 7; Now, kVp, new = 20 KV Newp.u-reactanceof] .( HVaa y (MVA,, =X yuo *| et | | ‘rasisformerT, ld UV, new MVAb, ota Reactance of Generator .G ean ~ New pu. reactance] | s ( KViae y ( MVAb new of generator G, Pool LEV, aww MVAb, ot 1s) (50 = 0.2x({—=) x{=]=0405p" (3) (3) (0405p. Reactance of Transformer T, Reactanc? ° 2 1, react New pu. reac meet cel Ha 2 _{MVA see Transformer Tz 7 * i coe) “UMA og 20 (5 =0.1x|— 0 (2) (B05 pu, 35 Reactance of j200 Transmission line Base kV on HT side = Base kV on LT side x of Transformer =| ene kV on LT side 20x 38 isgkv 20 Now, KV, ney = 138 KV kVp = 2138 = 380.880 Base impedance = “bh MVA, 50 p.u. reactance of vl Here it is observed that both the sections of j20Q transmission lines have same. yalues HT volt LT voltage rating _ Actual reactance, 2 Base impedance, Q Chapter 1 Power System Modelling rating 20 ——— = 0052 3e0g8 0975 Pt of reactances and base kV’s, Hence their p.u. reactances will be same. Reactance of Transformer T. ‘New p.u. reactance of] kVs, 0) 7 Xpu, od *| | CX ‘ KV, new 138, (2) =0.1% >). 138) “(Is Transformer Ts Reactance of Synchronous motor Base kV on LT side of Transformer Tp Now, kVp, new = 138 kV. |. Base kV on HT side New p.u, reactance KV4, ota = Xpu,o1a | of synchronous motor, 7 KVp, new LT voltage rating _ HT voltage rating |e MVAb, ne MVAb, oa 333 piu, MVAb, few | MVA4, oid 138 50 = 0333 a (is a +5)" Lins 138 Reactances of T,, T,, T, and G, 1. The transformer T, is identical to that of T,, Hence p.u.- -reactance of Ts and T,, are same. 2. Thetransformers T,, T,, T, and T, are identical. Hence their p.u. reactances are same. 3. The generator G, Is Identical to that of G,. Hence their p.u. reactances are same. yi ¢ Reactance diagram in fi ! leet oT rayatem isshiown i fig Ll 12s a diagram of the pow Hi The reactan j0.25 0.25 j0.105 0 OBO fOBO = 70.0528 70.0525 j0.26 ‘ 0.28 j0.0525 sg j0.333 jo.333 j0.405 jouos jo.333 XH Bad j.333 Fig 1.11.2 + Reactance diagram of the system shown In ig 1.11.1 (all reactance values are ing, EXAMPLE 1.12 A 15MVA, 8.5KV, 3-phase generator has a subtransient reactance of 20%. Ttis connec: through a A-Y transformer to a high voltage transmission line having a total series reactance,; 70 ohms. The load end of the line has Y-Y step down transformer. Both transformer back, ate composed of single phase transformers connected for 3-phase operation. Hach of the: transformers composing three phase bankis rated 6667 KVA, 10/100 kV, with a reactanceci 10%. The load represented as impedance, is drawing 10 MVA at 12.5 kV and 0.8 pf laggin Draw the single line diagram of the power network. Choose a base of 10 MVA, 12.5kVs the load circuit and determine the reactance diagram. Detetmine also the voltage att terminals of the generator. : SOLUTION The single line diagram of the power system is shown in fig 1.12.1. Base values ~~ Base megavoltampere, MYA, ey = JOMVA Base kilovolt, kV, |. = 12.5kV 36667 kVA. : 10/100kV, 10% 36667 kVA. mA 100/10 RV, 10% ae ospflt 15MVA T, : iw ©} (> —= _} 1 3 20% ” A ae ae 8 112.1: Single tine diagram 37 Chapter 1 Power System Modelling Reactance of Transformer T. Voltage ratio of line voltage of transformer T, = 100xM3 KV _ 1732 kV WoxJ3kV 1732 kV 3x 6667 = 20,000 kVA = 20 MVA 3-phase RVA rating of transformer Ty J KV, og = 17.32 KV (on LT side) MVA\, «ig = 20 MVA New p.u. reactance) kV,.ou ) (MVAy, = Xu *[ Ree} we of transformer Ty Vo, new MVAy, ow 2 =01 (22) x (2) 0.096 p.u. 125) “\20 Reactance of Transmission line Base kV on HT side i = Base kV on LT side x HT voltage rating _ yy 5, 1732 _iosyy of Transformer T) LT voltage rating 1732 Now, kVp, new = 125 kV _(KVovsew)” _ (125)? Base impedance Z, =" = = 156259 ase impedance 2y = r= 9 .u, reactance of Pil. Actual impedance, © __70__ 9.9448 pu, Transmission line]. Base impedance, Q 1562.5 Reactance of Transformer T, 10kV. 10kV Voltage ratio of line voltage of transformer Ty == i733 ey 3-phase KVA rating of transformer T, = 3 x 6667 = 20,000 kVA =20 MVA. J-KV,, og =1732 kV (on HT side) MVAy, og = 20 MVA 4 2 New p.u. reactance V4 ot MVAb, now P. Jaxer b, | + b,no } oftransformer 7 KV), new MVAy, oid 1732) (10 =0.1 = |= 0. (22) (2) 0.096 p.u. koe yh ip ee iene ho Reactance of Generator Reactance of Generator Lr voltage rating = asx = 7217 by 7 Base KV on LT side) ge pV on HT side Tp yoltage rating | of Transformer 7; | Now, kV, pew = 7.217 KV A IVA bynes ; New p.u. reactance KVo.01) wuss) | Xiu, * Fe MVA‘, 0 of generator bnew woax( BS = 02%| 7317, Load This can be represented as constant current load. pf ofload = 0.8 lag

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