(er ery + tar qr?)
80 cach terin has the dimensions of length. Remember all terms in an equation must have the same dimensions.
As examples, an equation cannot have a volume (Lj added to'an area (22, or a force (MET subtracted from
a velocity [L7“1}; these terms do not have the same dimensions
SOT
2-11] A robot named Fred is initially moving at 2.20 m/s along a hallway in a space terminal It
Subsequently speeds up to 4.80 m/s in a time of 0.20 s. Determine the size or magnitude ofits
average acceleration along the path traveled,
‘The defining seatar equation i
the calculation:
'y-~ u)/t Bverything isin proper SI units, so we need only carry out
4.80 m/s~2.20 m/s
=Bmft
0308. :
"Notice tht the answer has two significant figures because the tne has only two sigifcan guns,
2.21T] A caris traveling t 20.0 m/s when the driver slams on the brakes and brings it toa steaght-line
stop in 4.2.s, What is the magnitude ofits average acceleration?
‘The defining scalar equation is yy = (ty 1). Note that he final speed is zero. Her the intial speed is
stealer than the final speed, so we can expect the acceleration to be negative:
BOm/s= 2000/5 6 a6n/98
428 e
Because the time is provided with only two significant figures, the answer is —4,8 m/s?
23111] An object sts from rest with a constant acceleration of 8,00 m/s? along a straight line. Find (a) the
speed at the end of 5.00 s, (b) the average speed for the 5-s interval, and (e) the distance traveled in
the 5.00 s,
‘We are interested in the motion for the first 5.00 s. Take the ditection of motion tobe the +x-direstion
{that is = 2). We know that vy = 0, = 5.00 , and a = 8.00.m/s% Recavse the motion is uniformly
accelerated, the five motion equations apply.
(2) =u, + ad = 0+ 8.00 m/s?) (5.00.8) = 40.0 m/s
Uh the 0-400
Dry = MEM 94409 is 200m /5
© t= BS po ms = 20.0 m/
© x= Ue far 0 + 18001 /09(50097 = 100m or xm Yt = @00m/A)(8005)= 100m eae ——
2.4 UN)
25 (IN)
2.6111]
Displeeemect slang tex)
CHAPTER 2 Uniformly Accelerated Motion
‘A tauck’s speed increases uniformly from 15 kin/h to 60 kin/h in 20 s, Determine (a) the average
speed, (b) the acceleration, and (c) the distance traveled, all in units of meters and second
i
s(x (21-2)
(Slee
tp = 60 km fh = 16.7 m/s
44174167) m/s-=10 m/s
Ce = 4.17 m/s
(a) Ym
®
© Ugg = (104 m/s) Q0s) = 208 m= 0.21 kan
‘An object's one-dimensional motion along the x-axis is graphed in Fig. 2-1. Describe its motion,
“The velocity ofthe object at any instant i equal to the slope ofthe dsplacemeat-time graph at the point
corresponding fo that instant. Because the slope is zero from exacly = Oto = 2.0 s, the object is
standing still during this time interval, At = 2.0, the object begins to move in the x-direction with
‘constant-elocity (the slope is positive and constant) For the interval» 2.0 sto r= 4.0 s,
May =
‘The sverage velocity is Hen gy = 1.5 m/s-—postnva x-pIRECTION
05, the object isa rest; the slope of the graph is zero and x does not
During the imerval = 4.0510
change for that interval,
roms 6.05 (01 10 sand beyond, the object is moving inthe —x-direction; the slope and the velocity are
negative, We have
yom 50m _
Pom 3.0m 13m/s
y=4 1008608 405 :
Uy = ope =
‘The average vey then fg = 19m/ carve cmmicron
‘The vertical motion of an object is graphed in Fig. 2-2. Describe its motion qualitatively, and find,
as best you can, its instantaneous velocity at points A, B, and C.
Displacemant song te yoxs
Time)
Fig, 24 Fig, 22 reece
CHAPTER 2 Uniformly Accelerated Motion ———_ D>
227)
28 (0
29 (0)
Recalling thet the instantaneous velocity is given by the slope of the graph, we see thatthe object is moving
fastest at ¢= 0. As it rises, i slows and finaly stops at B. (The slope thre is ero.) The it bepins to fall back
downward at ever-increasing speed.
Atpoint 4, we hove
om _ 9:
40s
cope 2 20
=23m/s
ar 408 vt
“The velocity at Ais positive, so itis in the y-direction: #4 = 2.3 m/s-—UP. At points B and C,
yp =slope = 0 m/s
Ay _S$m-130m_ 75m
af 1503-858 658
L2m/s
Ug = slope =
Because it is negative, the velocity at Cis in the ~y-direction: Ye = 1.2.m/s-—pown, Remember thet velocity
is vector quantity and direction must be specified explicitly
‘A ball is dropped from rest at a height of $0 m above the ground. (a) What is its speed just before it
bits the ground? (b) How long does it take to reach the ground?
If we can ignore ai friction, the ball is uniformly accelerated unt it reaches the ground. Is acceleration is
downward and is 981 m/s. Taking down as positive, we have forthe tp
y=500m a=98im/s* 4 =0
(©) U5, = v5, + 2ay = 0+ 209,81 m/s* (0.0m) = 981 m/s?
and so.uy= 31.3 m/s,
©) From a (ey w)/t,
ta % G13-Om/s
9.81 m/s
(Qe oat jus aswel have taken pa postive. How woul th eaelaton ave been change)
419s
[A skier stats from rest and slides down a mountain side along « straight descending path 9.0m
Tong in 3.05, In what time after ststing will the skier acquire a speed of 24 m/s? Assume that the
acceleration is constant and the entre rum is straight and a a fixed incline.
‘We mst find the skier’s acceleration from the data conceming the 3.0 sip. Taking the direction of motion down
the inetined path a the +xdirection, we have t+ 3.05, uj, = O,andx ™ 9.0m. Then x= nf + 3a? gives
2x 18m
Gos
om/s?
‘We can now use this value of a forthe longer trip, from the stating point tothe place where vy, = 24 m/s, For
this tip, U4, = 0, Up = 24 m/s, a= 20m/s* Then, from y= uy + at
=u 2Am/e
=12s
a" 20m/e
‘A bus inoving in a straight line at a speed of 20 m/s begins to slow at a constant rate of 3.0 m/s
‘each second, Find how far it goes before stopping.
‘Take the direction of motion tobe the +-direction, For the trip under consideration, y= 20 m/s, yy = O m/s,
‘4 = ~3.0 m/2 Notice that the bas isnot speeding up inthe positive motion direetion Instead iis slowing in
that direction and so its acostration is negative (a deceleration). Use
a= vb+ 2a and, hence, 0=(20m/s)? +2(—30 m/s?)
20 m/s)?
67m
2=30m/s)
to find L-
2.10 (11)
201 |
2.12 (1
2.413 (10)
CHAPTER 2 Uniformly Accelerated Motion
A-car moving along a straight road at 30 m/s slows uniformly to a speed of 10 m/s ina time of 5.0.
Determine (a) the weceleration of the car and (b) the distance it moves during the third second.
‘Take the direction of motion tobe the +-dzetion,
(@) For the 5.0 interval, we have = 5.05, us 30 m/s, y= 10 m/s, Using = vy + at
19-30) m/s
305
a 40m/?
‘The distance the ear moves during the third second is Nor the distance it moves in the frst thee seconds
Consequenty
o 4 (Distance covered in 3.05) ~ (Distance covered in 2.0)
soles fe] (ote +)
zeal —f)+ Lele ~1) f
Using v,, 30 n/s, a= ~40 m/s, = 205, andy = 3.08
x 30 mi/s)(.0 8) ~ (20.m/s°¥5.08%) = 20m
‘This is the distance traveled between the times = 20.0 s and = 3.0,
The speed of a train is reduced uniformly from 15 m/s to 7.0 m/s while traveling a distance of 90 m.
(a) Compute the seveleration. (6) How much farther wil the train travel before coming to rst,
provided the acceleration remains constant?
Take the direction of motion to be the +-dietion,
(a) Weave, = 15 m/s, yx = 70m/s, = 90-m. Then uf, = vi + 2ax gives
0.98 m/s?
(®) The new conditions v, = 7.0 m/s, y= 0, and a = ~0.98 m/s? now obtain, Then
vio th +208
(0m/s"_
=1.96m/s"
Teads to 5m
‘A stone is thrown straight upward and it rises to a maximum height of 20 m. With what speed was
it thrown?
‘ake wp es the postive y-iection, The stones velocity is x0 athe top ofits path Thea yy = 0,» =20-m,
4a = ~9.81 1/3. (The minus sign arises because the acceleration duc to gravity is always downvad and we
have taken up tobe postive) Use v3, =u, + 2ay to find
9.81m/2) 20m)
m/s
A stone is thrown straight upward with a speed of 20 m/s. Its caught on its way down at a point
5.0m above where it was thrown, (a) How fast was it going when it was caught? (b) How long did
the trip take? CHAPTER 2 Uniformly Accelerated Motion ——_- >
“The station is shown in Fig. 23. Take up as postive. Then, for the ip that ts from the instant aes rowing
raters eathing, ty = 20mn/a,y = +503 ince tis a0 upward isplaceanen), a = ~9.81 m/s
(@) Use a8, = vf + 2ay to compare
y=toom/s? +-881m/s4) (50m) = 3020/8
yy =2\i0am/e =—1T m/s
“Tako the negative sign Because the stone it moving downward, in the neglive diretin, athe Hina nstni
Fig. 23
(&) To find the time, use a = (uy ~ v)/F and 90
(174-20) m/s
= 9.81 m/s
Notice that we retin dhe minus sig 0 Uy
214 Ut] A ball hat is thrown vertically upward onthe Moon returns to is starting point in 4.06 ‘The
aa roleration dite to gravity there is 1,60 m/s? downward, Find the bal's original spec
“ae wp os posive. Frthe wip om beoning tend, ~ O(iends atthe ene ee it ste
tn 160m), 1 = 405, Use y= unt + Bato find
0= vp (808) + 1(-1.6019/5K8.08?
from which v,, = 3.2 m/s.
2.18 [INE] A baseball is thrown straight upward onthe Moon with an intl speed of 35 m/s. Combe (a) the
atm eight seached by the bal, 2) the time taken to reach that height, (c) ts velocity 30s afer
itis thrown, and (d) when the bal’s height is 100.m.
“Take up as postive, Atte highest point the balls vot 20
(a) From vf, = + ay, snes ¢ = 1.60 m/s onthe Moon,
0 AS m/s)? FA=L60m/sy oF y= O38 KM ~ CHAPTER 2 Uniformly Accelerated Motion
(®) Prom yy, = uy, + at
0=35m/s+(-1.60m/s or 2s
(0) From yy =u, + at
y= 35 m/s + (—1.60m/8)308) or y= —13 m/s
Because 1 negative and we ace aking up as postive the velocity i rected downward, The bli on
‘ts way down at = 308
From = tt + La? we have
1.60m/s}? or 08D ~ 351 + 100=0
100 m= (4 m/s) +
By use of the quadratic formula,
3535" = 40.80) 100 _ 3523008
20.80) 10
wwe find = 3.1 sand 41 5, Att = 3.16 the balls a 100 m and ascending; at = 41 s itis athe same
height but descending.
2.46 [IT] A ballast bag is dropped from «balloon that is 300 m above the ground and rising at 13 m/s, For
tho bag, find (a) the maximum height reached, (b) its position and velocity 5.0 s afer it is released,
‘and (c) the time at which it hits the ground.
The initial velocity ofthe bag when released isthe same as that ofthe balloon, 13 m/s upward. Choose up as
positive and take y = Ot the point of release.
(6) tthe biahest pont, y ~ 0. From uf = + 2a,
6m
O= (13 m/s? + 2-981 m/s?y oF
“The maxi eight is 300 + 8.6 = 3086 or 0.31 fm
(© Take the cod pont to be ts positon at = 5.08, Then, rom y = t+ Lat
Y= (3.0/0) (508) + 1(-981 m/s5009 = -$76m 0¢—S8m
So it height i 300 ~ 58 = 242 m, Also, from Uy =
ty + at,
yy =13 m/s + (-9.81 m/S295.08) = ~36m/s
Iris on ts way down with velocity of 6 m/s—pownvan.
(6) Just es tits the ground, the bap’ splacement is 300m, Then
yo u,t+ta® — becomes — 300m = (13 m/syr + 4(-981 m/s?
or 4905 ~ 13¢— 300 = 0, The quadratic formula gies 1 = 93 sand ~66 s Only the postive ie
has physical meaning, co te required answers 93s
We could hve mide the quadratic formula by fst computing ys
ha vi + 20s becomes — uf, = (13 m/s)? + 2(-9.81 m/s*Y(~300 mm)
0 that uy = 77.8 m/s, Then, using the negative value for uy, (wiay?) in Yy = u, + at gives = 9.
as before. | CHAPTER 2 Uniformly Accelerated Motion ———You might also like
