Wireless Personal Communications

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-6110-x

Efficient Android Software Development Using MIT App

Inventor 2 for Bluetooth‑Based Smart Home

Trio Adiono1 · Sinantya Feranti Anindya2 · Syifaul Fuada2   · Khilda Afifah3 ·

Irfan Gani Purwanda4

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a specific Android application for Bluetooth-based smart home system is pre-
sented. The aim of this research is to design, develop, and evaluate a user interface proto-
type for the smart home system. The designed mobile App is named by MINDS-apps V1,
which is expected to be able to perform three tasks, (1) controlling by soft-control mode,
i.e. an RGB ambient lamp and Fan; (2) controlling by hard-control, i.e. a generic power
switch, curtain, door lock, and (3) monitoring purpose, i.e. humidity and temperature sen-
sor. In total, there are six types of smart home devices used for the experiment. Using
MIT App Inventor 2, the design process is divided into two phases: user interface design
using the Components Designer and implementation of the programming logic using the
Blocks Editor. Once the design is finished, the application is then compiled into debugga-
ble APK file with 2.23 MB in size, after which it is tested on six aforementioned devices.
The MINDS-apps is able to operate even in the low-end mobile device with 1 gigabyte of
random access memory (RAM) and Bluetooth version 2.1.

Keywords  Android application · Bluetooth · MIT App Inventor · Smart HOME

* Trio Adiono
tadiono@stei.itb.ac.id
Sinantya Feranti Anindya
sinantya@pme.itb.ac.id
Syifaul Fuada
syifaulfuada@pme.itb.ac.id
Khilda Afifah
nb17503@sic.shibaura‑it.ac.jp
Irfan Gani Purwanda
irfan.gani@fusi.co.id
1
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB),
Bandung 40116, Indonesia
2
University Center of Excellence on Microelectronics, ITB, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
3
Department of Function Control Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology (SIT), Tokyo, Japan
4
FUSI Global Technology, Ltd, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

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1 Introduction

A smart home is a system that involves various devices and sensors networked together
in order to allow monitoring and control to enhance domestic environment [1]. Generally,
a smart home system that accepts the user input is equipped with a mobile application.
The application serves as a tool for users to interact with the devices within their home,
especially from the remote area. The application is usually developed using object-oriented
programming languages such as Java or Swift. However, developing Android application
from scratch may not be suitable or efficient for all cases, especially for prototyping process
where the designers are supposed to focus on the concept and design of the mobile appli-
cation [2]. Moreover, the designers may seek simpler and faster solutions for developing
mobile application, especially for everyone without special programming skills [3]. For
that reason, sometimes it is preferable to use visual editor for prototyping the smart home
application so the designers can develop its sketch and implement the intended concept
with more ease. One of the most commonly used applications for said purpose is MIT App
Inventor 2.
The MIT App Inventor 2 is a web-based, free access, and drag-and-drop visual environ-
ment that provides a graphical interface for the users to design and build fully-functional
Android application [4, 5]. The MIT App Inventor 2 comprises two parts, i.e. a Component
Designer and Blocks Editor. The Components Designer as visualized in Fig. 1 allows the
user to drag and drop elements such as text boxes and buttons to create a user interface
of their Android application. Meanwhile, the Blocks Editor allows the user to program
the components to behave in certain manners by arranging the logic blocks [6], which are
designed similar to puzzle pieces with their own unique tabs and blanks as shown in Fig. 6.
This enables the users to create a specific or a general program while also preventing most
of the possible errors. In addition, due to being aimed for educational purposes, the ease of
use of MIT App Inventor 2 also makes it suitable for prototyping process before furthering
the developing of Android application to implement more advanced features.
In the recent decade, the MIT App Inventor 2 has been used for prototyping Android
application on various projects, i.e. for teaching the automation systems [7], smart switcher
[8], game and quiz [9], and various types of smart home control [10–12].

Fig. 1  The Components Designer section of MIT App Inventor 2 

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Efficient Android Software Development Using MIT App Inventor…

There are several communication technologies commonly employed for a home automa-
tion system, e.g. Zigbee, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC) [13], Long Range
radio (Lo-Ra), Infra-Red (IR) [14], Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), or even visible light spec-
trum (known as VLC) [15]. In this work, the MIT App Inventor 2 is utilized to design
an Android application that serves to control Bluetooth-based devices. We used Bluetooth
because it is the most common communication protocol found in commercial smartphones
in the present. Therefore, the technology can be directly utilized without requiring addi-
tional module on smartphone.
This work is an extended version from our previous study [16]. In this paper, three
things are described: (1) the features of the developed MINDS-apps V1 Android applica-
tion, (2) the design and implementation of each feature using MIT App Inventor 2, and
(3) the testing of the built application. We used the Meshed Internet-Networked System
(MINDS™) platform, which system architecture is explained in Sect. 2.

2 Smart Home Architecture

As stated in Sect.  1, we employed the MINDS™ smart home system (www.MINDS​.co.

id) for the use case. The system covers two categories of home appliances, i.e. mechanical-
and electronic-based [17, 18]. In this work, the smart home system utilizes Bluetooth pro-
tocol to bridge the communication between the Android application in a smartphone and a
Raspberry Pi host that serves as the smart home’s controller. The host communicates to the
devices (nodes) using Zigbee protocol with mesh network [19, 20]. The overall architecture
is illustrated in Fig. 2 where the system demonstration only performs on indoor environ-
ment of the home due to the Bluetooth used. To access the home appliances in outdoor
environment, a specific server and a Wi-Fi module/kit are need to be installed in the host.
The server and Wi-Fi module implementation scheme is not discussed in this paper.
The MINDS™ platform itself consists a smartphone that acts as a remote using the
developed Android application, one box for waterproofing the host, and six types of
nodes: (1) RGB ambient lamp, (2) fan, (3) electric door lock, (4) curtain controller, (5)

Fig. 2  Proposed scheme for smart home system in MINDS™ platform, reproduced with 3D view. The orig-
inal picture in 2D view can be seen in [21–24]

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Fig. 3  a Custom-built smart home devices, taken from [25] with permission; b hardware architecture of
each smart home devices, reproduced from [26]. (Color figure online)

Table 1  Hierarchy of smart home devices

No. Zhaojing et al. [27] MINDS platform
Appliances Hierarchy Appliances Hierarchy

1 General lighting I Power switcher (plug) and electric door lock I

2 Control system
3 Refrigerator
4 Rice cookers
5 Electric pan
6 Washing machine II Fan and curtain controller II
7 Clothes dryer
8 Microwave
9 Hoods
10 Air conditioner III Infrared remote controller [28], not discussed here III
11 Decorative lighting RGB ambient lamp
12 Television Temperature monitoring
13 Computer Humidity monitoring
14 Loudspeaker Smoke detector (not discussed here)

power switcher and (6) humidity and temperature sensor. The appearance of the nodes are
depicted in Fig. 3a.
Since there are six devices, the application must be able to support six types of opera-
tions related to each node, in addition to the Bluetooth connectivity scenario with the host.
As depicted in Fig. 3b, the nodes generally comprise a microcontroller chip (STM32L100),
an XBee module for wireless connectivity with the host, power regulator circuit, electronic
driver circuit, and the end-device itself in which they are packaged in one white-colored
box. The block diagram for humidity-temperature sensor is similar to the block diagram
depicted in Fig.  3b, with the only differences being the addition of SHT11 sensor and
battery charger circuit. The design process for the software on each task is described in
Sect. 3.
In this work, we selected several end-device devices as aforementioned that are consid-
ered capable of representing each level of hierarchy that designed by Zhaojing et al. [27]
(as represented in Table 1). The division is based on the level of needs (the most important
system) and serious impact on people resident, i.e. Hierarchy (I) pursue the quality of life;
(II) make basic life easy; ensure the system; and (III) users alive.

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Conventional bulbs, doors, curtains, and plugs are always present in the residential
homes. But the most essential of its existence/fundamentally needs to the home is the
door lock and power switcher (plugs) where the nodes for both devices require the con-
tinuous supply. Therefore, we can define it with 1st group. Later, the appliances in 2nd
group include the curtain controller and fan, because it can make life more convenient with
these devices. While the 3rd group of smart home appliances include RGB ambient lamps
and sensors, this devices is beyond needs and help to improve the quality of life. With
the MINDS™ platform, the people life will be all practical and easy. When we want to
“turn on/off” the fan or “lock/unlock” the door, or “open/close the curtain” or “monitor
the humidity and temperature of indoor environment” or “enjoy to control lamp color”, the
users just do it by the MINDS-apps V1.

3 Application Design and Implementation

As previously stated in the Introduction section, the application is developed using MIT
App Inventor 2, which consists Components Designer and Blocks Editor. The Components
Designer previously depicted in Fig.  1 is the section where user designs the user inter-
face of the application, while the Blocks Editor as shown in Fig. 4 is where user defines
how each component of the user interface behaves using Scratch programming language.
In each part of this section, the appearance of the user interface is described along with
how its components work, as well as the Scratch logic blocks implementation based on the
given description.

3.1 Bluetooth Connectivity

The application communicates with the host using Bluetooth protocol, and as such the user
needs to know the Bluetooth address of the host and the connectivity status. The flowchart
of smart home connectivity employing the Bluetooth technology is represented in Fig.  5.

Fig. 4  The blocks editor section of MIT App Inventor 2 

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Fig. 5  Workflow of the main

system

Since the application is developed as Proof-of-Concept (POC), only the feasibility to control
and monitor home appliances in the system will be addressed, whereas the “privacy control”
issues will not be addressed in this work. The users are allowed to access the management
the smart home nodes by choosing the Bluetooth of the host without a security check.
To support the function, the section dedicated to this task is built around five compo-
nents as depicted in Fig. 6, namely:

• a “Bluetooth Target” button to detect all Bluetooth devices available for pairing
• a text box containing the name of the host
• a label informing connectivity status that becomes visible once the application is con-
nected to the host
• a “Connect” button
• a “Disconnect” button.

Once the appearance of the user interface is defined, the next step is to define how the
elements work by arranging logic blocks as shown in Figs.  7 and 8. The connectiv-
ity process is as follows: first, the user selects the target from the list of remote Blue-
tooth devices. Next, the text box will show the name of the chosen Bluetooth device
and different types of connectivity status will be shown depending on the availability of
the device: paired, paired and available, paired and available and enabled, paired and

Fig. 6  User interface of Blue-

tooth connectivity section, bar-
ring the connectivity status

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Fig. 7  Logic blocks arrangement for remote Bluetooth device choice and status

Fig. 8  Logic blocks arrangement for “connect” and “disconnect” buttons

available and disabled, paired and unavailable, and not paired. When the “Connect”
button is pressed, the application will attempt to connect to the target and a new status
will be shown based on the result: connection successful or failed to connect. On the
other hand, when the “Disconnect” button is pressed, the text box will be cleared and
the status message will change to “Disconnected”.

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3.2 RGB Ambient Lamp

One of device types within the designed smart home system is an RGB ambient lamp
that can be controlled by user. The flowchart of this end-device is shown in Fig. 9.
To control the RGB ambient lamp, there are 12 components those made up this
device’s section in the user interface as shown in Fig. 10a, namely:

• 1 rectangle and 1 circle arranged into lamp shape to show the color change based on
user’s configuration
• 1 button to turn the lamp off
• 3 buttons to put the red, green, and/or blue values to maximum (255)
• 3 sliders to adjust the red, green, and/or blue values
• 3 labels depicting the current red, green, and/or blue values.

In general, the RGB ambient lamp user interface works by having the user define the RGB
values for the lamp first, then they can preview how the combination turns out in the icon.
There are two types of control for the device: “hard-control” when the user uses the R/G/B
buttons to put the values at maximum, or “soft control” when the user uses the sliders to
create their own color combination. The color combination follows the RGB chart depicted
in Fig. 10b.
In order for the components to work properly, first the logic blocks are arranged to ini-
tialize the RGB sliders and the array that serves to store the RGB values’ data (Fig. 11).

Fig. 9  Workflow of the RGB ambient lamp control with soft- and hard-control methods

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Fig. 10  a User interface of RGB ambient lamp controller; b RGB chart. (Color figure online)

Next, the RGB and “on” buttons are configured to change the lamp icon’s color, then send
a 6-byte ASCII command to the Raspberry Pi host (Fig. 12).
The format of the command is [82, R value, 72, G value, 66, B value], with “82”, “72”,
and “66” being the codes to distinguish the colors. For the RGB buttons, the respective
values will be set to 255, while for the “off” button, all values will be set to 0. This com-
mand is also used for the sliders, in which the RGB values are retrieved from the sliders’
positions as seen in Fig. 13.

3.3 Fan Control

The flowchart of fan section is depicted in Fig. 14. The user interface as depicted in Fig. 15
consists of seven components: an image depicting the icon of the fan that changes depend-
ing on the fan speed. Then, there is a button to turn off the fan and four buttons for the fan

Fig. 11  Logic blocks for RGB sliders and color array initialization. (Color figure online)

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Fig. 12  Logic blocks for RGB ambient lamp and “off” buttons: a “R” button; b “G” button; c “B” button;
and d “off” button. (Color figure online)

speed at predetermined value. A slider to let the user to set their own fan speed value is
also available.
The logic blocks for fan control can be observed in Figs. 16, 17, and 18. Just like the
RGB ambient lamp device in previous section, the fan icon will change colors depending
on the chosen value of its speed. For control using buttons, the Fan icon will change at 0
(off condition), 64 (25% of 255), 128 (50%), 192 (75%), and 255 (100%). Meanwhile, for
the slider, the fan icon will change starting from 43, 107, 171, and 234. The inputted com-
mand will then be sent to the host in 2-byte ASCII-encoded message; the first byte contains
“F”, while the second byte contains the chosen fan speed value.

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Fig. 13  Logic blocks for the slid-

ers of RGB ambient lamp: a red
slider; b green slider; and c blue
slider. (Color figure online)

3.4 Door Lock, Curtain, and Generic Power Switch

The last three devices of the designed smart home system operate based on the flowchart
depicted in Fig.  19. Due to the similar process, the user interface for said devices share

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Fig. 14  Workflow of the fan control with soft- and hard-control methods

Fig. 15  User interface of fan control

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Fig. 16  Logic blocks for hard-control using buttons of the fan

Fig. 17  Logic blocks for “off” button of fan control

almost identical components: an icon of the controlled device that changes depending on
device status, one “on” or “open” button, and one “off” or “close” button. The appearance
for the aforementioned user interface sections can be observed in Figs. 20, 21, and 22.
The logic blocks for all three devices share almost identical format as depicted in
Figs. 23, 24, and 25. For these devices, the command from the buttons are sent to the host
in 2-byte ASCII-encoded message. The first byte contains the code of the target device:
“P” for door, “K” for Curtain, and “W” for the power switch. Meanwhile, the second byte
contains “00” or “01” value; the former is for “closed” or “off” state, while the latter is for
“open” or “on” state.

3.5 Humidity and Temperature Monitoring

The humidity and temperature monitoring feature of this system works based on the flow-
chart as depicted in Fig.  26. The user interfaces for both are identical, each consisting a

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Fig. 18  Logic blocks for soft-control using slider of the fan

Fig. 19  Workflow of the electric door lock, curtain, and power switch

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Fig. 20  User interface for the electric door lock control: a door closed; b door opened

Fig. 21  User interface for the curtain control: a curtain closed; b curtain opened

Fig. 22  User interface for the power switch: a switch turned off; b switch turned on

Fig. 23  Logic blocks for door control: a close door; b open door

Fig. 24  Logic blocks for the curtain control: a close curtain; b open curtain

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Fig. 25  Logic blocks for the power switch: a turn switch off; b turn switch on

Fig. 26  Workflow of the humid-

ity and temperature sensor
monitoring

Fig. 27  User interface for the humidity and temperature monitor

Fig. 28  Logic blocks for the sensor monitoring: a humidity; b temperature

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Efficient Android Software Development Using MIT App Inventor…

button for user to prompt reading request and a text box that shows the reading result. The
components are placed side-by-side as depicted in Fig. 27.
The logic blocks for humidity and temperature reading are arranged as depicted in
Fig.  28. When pressed, the buttons will send ASCII command containing letter ‘H’ for
humidity or ‘S’ for temperature. Next, the application will retrieve the reply received that
consists two data: a 1-byte data containing the similar letter to indicate the reading type,
and a 2-byte data containing the reading results from the sensor. The reading results will be
displayed in the text box.

4 Results

4.1 MINDS Android Application

Once the designed application is completed, the application’s installation package (Android
APK file) can be built by choosing ‘Build’ option in the web application. The APK file can
either be downloaded by generating a code in the application and input/scan the code using
MIT App Inventor 2 Companion installed on the phone used for testing, or by choosing to
save the APK file to computer then manually install it on the target phone. The build result
is a debuggable (.APK) with 2.23 MB in size. The screen during this process can be visual-
ized in Fig. 29.
The designed Android application is tested in six smartphones with different specifica-
tions as shown in Table 2 [25]. The first phase of the testing is done by checking whether
the phone is able to connect to the Raspberry Pi host using Bluetooth. The aim of this test-
ing phase is to ensure the application can run even on cheaper and/or older smart phones,
ensuring as wide coverage for the product as possible. As there is no standardized defini-
tion or document yet defining a smartphone’s specification class, we decided to define a
smartphone as having ‘low specification’ based on its RAM, Bluetooth version, and operat-
ing system version. In this case, a smartphone is categorized as having low specification
if they possess 1  GB RAM or below, using older version Bluetooth (< 4.0), and having

Fig. 29  Appearance of the developed Android application (MINDS-apps V.1)

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Table 2  Specification of smartphone devices used for testing, retrieved from [16] with permission
No. Smartphone, processor, and Android OS RAM Bluetooth version Functional Memory.
version APK (MB)

1 Samsung Note II, quad core 1.6 GHz 2 GB v4.0 √ 6.68

(4.4.2 Kit kat)
2 Oppo 831 K, dual core 1.3 GHz 976.7 MB v2.1 √ 6.52
(4.2.2 Jelly bean)
3 Lenovo A6010, quad core 1.2 GHz 1 GB v4.0 √ 13.59
(5.0.2 Lollipop)
4 Sony Z3, quad core 2.5 GHz 3 GB v4.0 √ 12.47
(6.0 Marshmallow)
5 Sony Xperia L, dual core 1 GHz 1 GB v.4 √ 6.52
(4.2.2 Jelly bean)
6 Samsung G3, dual core 1 GHz 1 GB v.4.1 √ 11.57
(6.0 Marshmallow)

Android operating system version below the Kitkat/4.4 version, which was released in
October 2013.
Smartphone selection is randomly chosen from our Lab members in IC design labora-
tory, Institut Teknologi Bandung (date of test: August 2017) and we earned a smartphone
with ‘low-spec’ only one piece, but it has represented the entire device to be tested. With
this test, it may help to address problems such as Bluetooth device incompatibility those
may prevent certain users from being able to use the MINDS™ product.
Based on the result, it can be concluded that the smartphone with relatively low specifi-
cation can run the MINDS-app V1 and perform without bugs or errors.

4.2 Functional Test

Once the phone and the host are connected, the next phase is to test the application to
control the aforementioned six smart home devices, which are designed based on consid-
erations of it represent all home devices that allow to be automated as described in Sect. 2.
The current household appliances may vary, but the general objects of residential homes
that are targeted for digitalization purpose (smart home concept) is (1) RGB ambient lamp,
(2) fan, (3) electric door lock, (4) curtain controller, (5) power switcher and (6) humidity
and temperature sensor.
Because the devices are designed to be part of one smart home system, the devices
share some common characteristics, namely: using battery-powered STM32L100 micro-
controller as their core and utilizing ZigBee protocol to communicate with the Raspberry
Pi host. Further explanation on each device’s specification and design process is elaborated
in the following works: [23], [29–33]. An example of the testing process is depicted below;
Fig. 30 depicts testing for the RGB ambient lamp, Fig. 31 for fan control, Fig. 32 for hori-
zontal blind curtain control, Fig. 33 for electric door lock, Fig. 34 for power switch, and
Fig. 35 for humidity and temperature monitor.

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Efficient Android Software Development Using MIT App Inventor…

Green Color
Red Color

(a) (b)

White Color

Blue Color

(c) (d)
Fig. 30  Test bench of RGB ambient lamp control with slider: a Red; b Green; c Blue; d White. (Color fig-
ure online)

(a) (b)
Fig. 31  Test bench of Fan control with slider: a speed I; b speed III

5 Conclusion

In this research, an Android application for controlling and monitoring Bluetooth-based

smart home system is developed by using MIT App Inventor 2. Based on the design
and testing conducted for six end-devices (RGB ambient lamp, Fan, Electric door lock,
Curtain, power switcher, and humidity and temperature sensor), it can be concluded that

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(a) (b)
Fig. 32  Test bench of Curtain control: a open; b close

Unlocked
Locked

(a) (b)
Fig. 33  Test bench of electric dork lock control: a lock; b unlock

(a) (b)
Fig. 34  Test bench of power switch: a turn on the lamp using Android apps; b turn off the lamp

web-based application can be used to develop a fully-functional prototype to control

smart home system as well as monitor the indoor home environment and can performs
across multiple devices.

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Fig. 35  Test bench of humidity and temperature monitor, we obtained 34% of humidity and 28° of tempera-
ture

Acknowledgements  This work is one part of the big project entitled “Perangkat Internet-of-Things untuk
Sistem Rumah Cerdas” that was funded by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of
the Republic Indonesia for Desentralisasi scheme with Number of grant: 009/SP2H/LT/DRPM/IV/2017. We
would like to thanks to Mr. Maulana Yusuf Fathany for his support in this work.

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Publisher’s Note  Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and
institutional affiliations.

Trio Adiono  received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering and

M. Eng. degree in microelectronics from Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Indonesia, in 1994 and 1996, respectively. He obtained his Ph.D.
degree in VLSI Design from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, in
2002. He holds a Japanese Patent on “High Quality Video Compres-
sion System”. He is now a lecturer and full professor at the School of
Electrical Engineering and Informatics and also serves as the Head of
the University Center of Excellence on Microelectronics, Institut
Teknologi Bandung. His research interests include VLSI design, signal
and image processing, visible light communication, smart card, elec-
tronics solution design and integration.

Sinantya Feranti Anindya  was born in Bandung, Indonesia in 1993.

She graduated with honors from Institut Teknologi Nasional (ITE-
NAS) Bandung with bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering in
2016. She is currently affiliated to University Center of Excellence at
Microelectronics Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) as Android soft-
ware developer. Her research interests include smart home and brain–
computer interface.

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 T. Adiono et al.

Syifaul Fuada  received a B.A. in Electrical Engineering Education

from Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Indonesia, in 2014/2015 and
an M.Sc. in Microelectronics Engineering from the School of Electri-
cal Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB),
Indonesia, in 2016/2017. Now, he is with the University Center of
Excellence at Microelectronics Institut Teknologi Bandung. He has
several achievements, such as receiving one of the 106 Indonesia Inno-
vation by BIC-RISTEK DIKTI awards in 2014, a top 10–student travel
grant to the IEEE Asia Pacific Conference and Systems (APCCAS)
2016 that was held in Jeju, South Korea, and receiving one of 108
Indonesia Innovation by BIC-LIPI awards in 2016. He is a member of
IAENG and Associate Editor of INFOTEL Journal. His research inter-
ests include analog circuit design, circuit simulation, VLSI design,
DSP, engineering education, multimedia learning development and
Visible light communications.

Khilda Afifah  was born in Karawang, Indonesia in 1990. She received

the B.Ed. in Electrical Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan
Indonesia (UPI) in 2014. She received M.Sc on Microelectronics engi-
neering from Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Indonesia in 2017.
She is currently studying for her Ph,D degree in Functional Control
System, Shibaura Institute of Technology (SIT), Japan with JSPS
Scholarship. Her research interests include analog integrated circuits,
engineering education, smart card and smart home.

Irfan Gani Purwanda  obtained a BFA (Hons) degree in Product Design

from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) with the Dean’s Award earned
and M.Ds in Design from Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) with a very
satisfying predicate. Currently working as a researcher at Microelectron-
ics Center of ITB and also developing a company in the field of electron-
ics products and intelligent systems at PT. Fusi Global Teknologi. The
specification of expertise area is the design of electronics products with
a design-thinking approach, as a bridge solution to bring together the
human needs, technology availabilities and business model feasibilities.
Ever got the opportunity, been selected as a representative from Indone-
sia and funded by Kemenristekdikti to attend multi-disciplinary training
at the Institute of Design at Stanford University in California, United
States of America, in collaboration with Stanford University Graduate
School of Business. Active on social and organization since school
period in the Intra School Student Organization (OSIS) and active in the
Indonesian Student Association (PPI) in Malaysia and once served as
chairman of PPI-USM during college period.

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