As 1670-1986

LICENCE
for
AS 1670-1986 Automatic fire detection and alarm systems - System design,
installation, and commissioning
Licensee: National Fire Solutions Pty Ltd
Date: 29 Apr 2008
Conditions of use: Click here for full conditions of Licence
This is a licensed electronic copy of a publication where SAI Global Limited

owns the copyright or is an authorised distributor of the publication. Your
licence is a 1 user personal user licence and the publication may not be
stored, transferred or otherwise distributed on a network.You may also
make one paper copy of this publication if required for each licensed user.
WEB LINKS
Check if this document is current
Find similar documents
StandardsWatch (info and login)
Visit our website
International Standards on-line at www.saiglobal.com/shop

Licensed to National Fire Solutions Pty Ltd on 29 Apr 2008. 1 user personal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.
Australian StandardR
systems—System design,
installation, and commissioning
Automatic fire detection and alarm
AS 1670—1986
This Australian standard was prepared by Committee FP/2, Automatic Fire Detection and
Alarm Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of
Australia on 11 August 1986 and published on 6 October 1986.
The following interests are represented on Committee FP/2:

Attorney–General’s Department
Australian Assembly of Fire Authorities
Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association Limited
Australian Uniform Building Regulations Coordinating Council

Board of Fire Commissioners of New South WAles
Building Management Authority, Western Australia
Building Owners and Managers Association of Australia Limited
Commonwealth Fire Board
Confederation of Western Australian Industry
Department of Aviation
Department of Housing and Construction
Fire Protection Industry Association of Australia Limited
Insurance Council of Australia Limited
National Building Technology Centre
Telecom Australia
Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to
periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important
therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.
Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue
of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian Standard’, which
subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of
withdrawn Standards.
Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are
welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without
delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 83282.

AS 1670—1986
Australian StandardR
AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION

AND ALARM SYSTEMS—SYSTEM
DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND
COMMISSIONING
First published (as AS CA15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1961

Revised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965
Revised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1967
Revised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1971
AS 1670 first published . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1974
Second edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1983
Third edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1986
Incorporating:
Amdt 1—1987
Amdt 2—1988
Amdt 3—1988
PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 4354 X
PREFACE
This edition of this standard was prepared by the Association’s Committee on Automatic Fire
Detection and Alarm Systems, to supersede AS 1670–1983, SAA Code for Automatic Fire
Alarm Installations. Its preparation is concurrent with the issue of AS 1603 in a number of
parts which cover the requirements for specific items of equipment to be used in an automatic
fire detection and alarm system and installed in accordance with this standard.
Maintenance requirements for fire detection and alarm equipment will be included in
AS 1851, Maintenance of Fire Protection Equipment, Part 8, Fire Detection and Alarm
Systems*.
In this edition, changes have been made to some definitions and new terms have been
included, terms deleted are ‘circuit’, ‘circuit wiring’ and ‘monitored’. Changes have also
been made to several clauses in Section 2 to expand the existing requirements, particularly
revision of clauses covering detectors in return air ducts, location of the control and
indication equipment for fire detection, separation from other systems and the intermixing of
detection systems. Similar changes have been made to some of the clauses in Section 3,
including spacings from walls or partitions and detector mounting. The area covered by each
detector has been deleted and the travel distance of the fire plume has been used as the basis
for determining detector spacing.
The former Appendices A and B have been revised and now become Appendix A having
sections for heat, smoke and flame detector application.
* In course of preparation.
E Copyright — STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows
and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in
any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate
royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards
Australia.
Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in–house by
purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia.
Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided
such programs are used exclusively in–house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or
revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.
The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is
subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
SECTION 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 LOCATION OF DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 LOCATIONS WHERE PROTECTION IS NOT REQUIRED . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.6 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.7 INSTALLATION WIRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SECTION 3. HEAT DETECTION SYSTEMS
3.1 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 LINE–TYPE SYSTEMS — TUBULAR OR CABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
SECTION 4. SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS
4.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.3 SAMPLING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
SECTION 5. FLAME DETECTION SYSTEMS
5.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.3 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.4 FIXING OF DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.5 DETECTOR LENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.6 PROTECTION FROM WEATHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SECTION 6. COMMISSIONING AND MAINTENANCE
6.1 COMMISSIONING OF INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.2 AS–INSTALLED DIAGRAMS AND INSTALLER’S STATEMENT . . . . . 26
6.3 LOGBOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4 MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
APPENDICES
A GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
B STANDARD FORM OF INSTALLER’S STATEMENT FOR FIRE
ALARM SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
C FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
D COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
ANNEX. LIST OF REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . 41
AS 1670—1986 4
STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
for
AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS —
SYSTEM DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND COMMISSIONING
SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE. This standard sets out requirements for the 1.4.6 Corridor — a narrow enclosed thoroughfare, other
system design, installation, and commissioning of than a lift lobby, not exceeding 3.5 m in width, and not
automatic fire detection and alarm systems and used for trade or storage purposes.
components that are manufactured in accordance with 1.4.7 Cupboard — an enclosure with a door or doors,
AS 1603. which is an integral part of the building.
1.2 APPLICATION. All installations of automatic fire 1.4.8 Distributed system — a fire alarm and detection
detection and alarm systems shall comply with the system where sections of the control and indicating
general requirements of Section 2, with the additional equipment are remotely located from the fire indicator
requirements of Section 3, Section 4, or Section 5 panel or where subindicator panel(s) communicate with
according to the detector type, and with the a main fire indicator panel.
commissioning and maintenance requirements of
Section 6. Manual call points installed in conjunction 1.4.9 Extra-low voltage — that voltage defined in
with an automatic fire detection and alarm system or as AS 3000.
a separate system shall comply with the general 1.4.10 Fault signal — a signal which indicates the
installation requirements of this standard. presence of a fault in the system.
Where an automatic fire detection and alarm system is 1.4.11 Fire alarm signal — a signal which indicates the
ancillary to an automatic fire-extinguishing installation, presence of a fire or simulated fire condition.
the detection system shall comply with the appropriate
requirements of this standard. 1.4.12 Level surface — any surface, roof, or ceiling
which has a slope of less than 1 in 20.
NOTE: All pans of the building, unless protected by an automatic
fire extinguishing system should be protected. This standard 1.4.13 Low voltage — that voltage defined in AS 3000.
requires connection of the fire detection system to the fire authority,
which may require the building to be fully protected. 1.4.14 Power supp ly— that portion of the control and
indicating equipment (CIE) which supplies all voltages
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. A list with titles necessary for operation of the CIE.
of the documents referred to in this standard is given in
the Annex. 1.4.15 Protected area — an area of a building equipped
with an automatic fire detection and alarm system
1.4 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this standard, installed in accordance with this standard.
the definitions given in AS 2484.2 and the following
apply: 1.4.16 Protected build ing — a building equipped
throughout with an automatic fire detection and alarm
1.4.1 Activating device — a device capable of being system installed in accordance with this standard or an
operated automatically or manually to initiate an alarm automatic fire sprinkler system installed in accordance
signal, e.g. a detector, a manual call point, or a pressure with AS 2118.
switch.
1.4.17 Regulatory Authority — an Authority
1.4.2 Addressable alarm zone facility — a facility administering Acts of Parliament or Regulations under
which can identify at the control and indicating such Acts.
equipment (CIE) the status of individual or groups of
activating devices on the same alarm zone circuit. NOTE: Where adoption of this standard is not a requirement of a
Regulatory Authority but is a requirement of a body such as a
1.4.3 Addressable system — a fire alarm and detection relevant company or association, then that body, or their nominee
system that contains addressable alarm zone facilities or such as the Insurance Council of Australia, may perform the
functions of the Regulatory Authority for the purposes of this
addressable control devices. standard.
1.4.4 Ancillary control facility (ACF) — that portion If the detection and alarm system is one provided by Virtue of
of the control and indicating equipment which on Statutory Regulations, the relevant department will have authority.
If it is a matter of fi re insurance, the relevant insurance company
receipt of a signal initiates predetermined actions in or association may have authority.
external ancillary devices.
1.5 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER STANDARDS.
1.4.4A Alarm verification facility (AVF)— that part The fire detection and alarm system shall comply with
of the CIE which provides an automatic resetting the appropriate electrical safety requirements specified
function for spurious alarm signals so that they will not in AS 3000 and the individual parts of the installation
initiate master alarm facility (MAF) or ACF functions shall comply with the appropriate Australian standards
inadvertently. listed in the Annex. The individual equipment items
1.4.5 Approved and approval — approved by, or the shall be fully compatible to achieve stable and reliable
approval of, the Regulatory Authority. performance as a system.
COPYRIGHT
5 AS 1670—1986
SECTION 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 COMPONENTS. The system shall include the (d) A manual call point as specified in Clause 2.5.4.4.
following equipment, as appropriate: 2.2 SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS. The fire detection
(a) Fire detectors selected to suit the particular hazard and alarm system shall be independent of any building
and risk to life or property or both. Detectors shall control and monitoring systems, and the control and
comply with the relevant product standards and indicating equipment shall be contained in its own
shall have individual alarm indicators except where enclosure(s). Interfacing is permitted to provide data to
the alarm from each detector is individually the building monitoring system or to initiate automatic
indicated at the CIE or where otherwise specified testing of the fire detection and alarm system (see Fig.
in Clauses 2.3.2.1, and 2.3.2.6. 2.1 for typical arrangement). Alarm and fault signals
NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is shall be displayed independent of the building control
described in Appendix A. and monitoring system.
(b) Control and indicating equipment as specified in Controls and indicators which form part of the
AS 1603.4, and located as specified in integrated fire protection system, such as hydrant valve
Clause 2.5.4.2. indicators and fire mode air handling controls, may be
(c) A bell or other approved warning device located as housed within the CIE enclosure.
specified in Clause 2.5.4.3.
Fig. 2.1. TYPICAL INTERFA CE SYSTE M LAYOUT
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 6
2.3 LOCATION OF DETECTORS. 7 m apart around the perimeter of the opening. If

2.3.1 General. Detectors shall be located throughout all the opening is less than 0.5 m from a wall no
protected areas. The following considerations shall apply detectors are required between the wall and the
in determining where detectors are to be installed: opening. Such detectors may be regarded as part of
the general protection for the area below the
(a) Where an area is divided into sections by walls,
opening, provided that corridor spacing is not
partitions, or storage racks, reaching within 300
exceeded around the perimeter.
mm of the ceiling (or the soffits of the joists where
there is no ceiling), each section shall be treated as 2.3.2.4 Stairways. Fire-isolated stairways shall be
a room, and shall be protected. protected at the top. Other stairways shall be protected
(b) A clear space of at least 300 mm radius, to a depth at each main floor level within the stairway.
of 600 mm, shall be maintained from the detector 2.3.2.5 Near doors. Where a door is permitted to be
or sampling point, unless this is not possible held open, and separates a protected area from an
because of the building detail. unprotected area, a detector shall be placed inside the
NOTE: Additional protection may be provided where any protected area not more than 1.5 m from the door.
special structural features or conditions exist (see Appendix A). Where a door separates two protected areas, a detector
2.3.2 Specific locations. is not necessary within 1.5 m of the door.
NOTE: Additional detectors may be required for the control of
2.3.2.1 Concealed spaces. Protection shall be provided automatic door closures.
in all concealed spaces, except those areas specified in
2.3.2.6 Air-handling systems. Detectors shall be

Clause 2.4(g). Access for maintenance of detectors in
provided in the following locations within air-handling
concealed spaces shall be provided. The access door
systems:
shall be not less than 450 mm × 350 mm.
Where a ceiling has a concealed space above it (a) Return-air system. Buildings with a return-air
containing electrical lighting and power equipment that handling system serving more than one room shall
is contained fully within the concealed space, and is have at least one optical smoke detector or
connected to an electrical supply in excess of extra low sampling device to sample air from each common
voltage, the equipment shall have a detector mounted on return-air opening for each storey in the building.
the ceiling of the concealed space within 1.5 m Each smoke detector shall have an indicator which
measured horizontally from the equipment (see is clearly visible from the associated occupied area.
Clause 2.4(g)). Rooms, corridors, and concealed spaces used as the
return-air system and protected by smoke detectors
For the purpose of this standard, electrical wiring
do not require additional smoke detectors at the
installed in accordance with AS 3000, and any
common return-air opening for each storey in the
enclosures of light fittings not deemed combustible
building.
which protrude into a false ceiling, are not regarded as
electrical equipment. NOTE: It is recommended, where AS 1668, Part 1, does not
apply, that operation of any alarm zone withi n the building
NOTE: The detector used in the protection of the equipment in should trip the air-handling equipment, to prevent the spreading
concealed spaces does not necessarily constitute protection of the of smoke throughout the building.
concealed space.
(b) Exhaust ducts. Ducts that are used for exhausting
Detectors installed in concealed spaces not exceeding cooking fumes, flammable vapours, lint material,
2 m in height shall have their indicators (see and the like shall have at least one detector at the
Clause 2.1 (a)) located in a position clearly visible from furthest practicable downstream point in the duct.
the occupied area and as close as possible to the NOTE: Detectors for this application should be carefully
detector. Where the height of the concealed space selected to suit the environment so that spurious alarms are
exceeds 2 m and the detectors are on a separate alarm minimal. A fully sealed heat detector would normally be used.
zone circuit, the indicators may be on the detectors. Detectors are not required in ducts exhausting from
2.3.2.2 Cupboards. Any walk-in type cupboard which is toilets, or rooms containing single ironing and
more than 2 m high or extends to the ceiling and has a laundry facilities.
floor area exceeding 2 m2 shall be internally protected. (c) Supply air ducts. Air-handling plant supplying air
Cupboards for electrical or communication equipment to more than one storey within the building shall
having voltages greater than extra-low voltage shall be have an optical type smoke detector or sampling
protected internally if in excess of 1 m3 . For electrical device installed as close as practicable to the plant
cubicles not requiring protection, see Clause 2.4. to detect smoke downstream of the supply air fan.
2.3.2.3 Vertical shafts and openings. Vertical risers, lift Detectors installed in accordance with the requirements
shafts, and similar openings between storeys, which of this standard and forming part of the fire detection
exceed 0.1 m2 in area, shall be protected within the riser and alarm system may be used to satisfy the
at the top and as follows: requirements of AS 1668, Part 1.
(a) Where vertical shafts penetrate any storey and are 2.3.2.7 Open grid (or egg crate) ceilings. Detectors may
not fire-isolated, a detector shall be located on the be omitted from the underside of open grid portions of
ceiling of each storey not more than 1.5 m the ceiling which have not less than two-thirds of the
horizontally distant from where the vertical shaft ceiling area open to the free flow of air and have
penetrates the storey above. detectors installed on the ceiling above the open grid.
(b) Any ceiling which contains openings exceeding Where any solid portion of the ceiling has a dimension
9 m2 which permit free travel of fire between in excess of 2 m and has an area in excess of 5 m 2 ,
storeys shall have detectors located within 1.5 m of normal protection shall be provided on the underside of
the edge of the opening, and spaced not more than the solid portion of the open grid ceiling.
COPYRIGHT
7 AS 1670—1986
Where flame detectors are used they shall be installed 2.4 LOCATIONS WHERE PROTECTION IS NOT
both above and below the open grid ceiling. (See also REQUIRED. Notwithstanding the foregoing
Appendix A for recommendations on smoke and flame requirements, detectors are not required in the following
detectors.) locations:
2.3.2.8 One-room motel, hotel, and home units. One- (a) Any area protected by an approved automatic fire
room motel, hotel, home units, and the like which sprinkler system.
include a water closet/shower/bathroom, may be (b) Any single water closet or single shower-recess or
protected by one detector located in the main room, single-bath bathroom opening off a protected area.
provided that the total area of the whole unit is less than (c) Verandas, balconies, colonnades, open-sided
46 m2 . The water closet/shower/bathroom need not be covered ways (except as required by
protected. (See also Clause 2.6.1.) Clause 2.3.2.12), overhanging roof areas, and the
NOTE: Where detectors are installed, the location of the detector like constructed of material not deemed
should take into account airflows, airstream, etc.
combustible, and not used for the storage of goods
2.3.2.9 Monitor, sawtooth, or gable ceilings or roofs. or as a carpark.
Where a structure has a monitor ceiling or roof, a
sawtooth ceiling or roof, or a gable ceiling or roof, a (d) Any non-recessed or free-standing switchboard or
row of detectors shall be installed between 0.5 m and switchboard cubicle protected by the normal
1.5 m from the apex measured horizontally (see spacing protection of the area in which it is contained.
(e) Skylights not more than 800 mm high and less than
requirements and typical detector locations in

Sections 3, 4, and 5). 4 m2 in area which are not used for ventilation.
2.3.2.10 External walls. Where the external walls of (f) Air locks, not used as a washroom, to toilets
protected buildings are clad with combustible material opening on both sides into protected areas,
they shall be protected. The spacing of detectors shall be provided that air locks do not contain electrical
in accordance with the corridor spacing specified in equipment or are not used for the storage of goods
Clause 3.1.2 or Clause 5.6, as appropriate. or for access to cupboards.
Detectors shall be located under the eaves or at the roof (g) Concealed spaces as follows (see Clause 2.3.2.1):
level. (i) Concealed spaces between an outside roof
NOTE: Heat detectors, mounted horizontally, would normally be and ceiling which are less than 800 mm high
used for protection of external walls. Where eaves are not available and which do not contain electrical lighting
to mount the detectors on, hoods over the detectors should be and power equipment.
provided to act as heat collectors.
(ii) Concealed spaces to which there is no access
2.3.2.11 Ducts and other structures. Protection shall be
and which are fire-isolated with a minimum
provided under ducts, loading platforms, and storage
fire-resistance rating of 1 h.
racks in excess of 2 m in width and in excess of
800 mm in height. (iii) Concealed spaces between any intermediate
Where the space from the underside of the duct to the floor having a fire-resistance rating of not
ceiling is less than 800 mm, the underside of the duct less than 2 h and the ceiling below which are
may be considered as the ceiling. less than 800 mm high and which do not
contain electrical lighting and power
If the side of the duct or structure is in excess of equipment.
400 mm from the wall, detectors shall be provided at
(iv) Concealed spaces to which there is no access
the highest accessible point on the ceiling.
and which are less than 350 mm high,
Where a concealed space is formed above or below the irrespective of construction.
duct, e.g. ducts above false ceilings in corridors,
Clause 2.4(g) applies. 2.5 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS.
2.5.1 General. All equipment installed shall comply
2.3.2.12 Covered walkways. Covered walkways,
with the relevant standards of design and construction
irrespective of the type of construction, shall have a
referred to in Clause 1.5.
detector in the covered way within 1.5 m of the
adjoining protected area, except where the total covered The stability and sensitivity of the system shall be
way is, itself, protected in accordance with this standard. unaffected by power source voltage variations of +6
percent to −10 percent and no load to full-load variation
2.3.2.13 Accessible service tunnels. Accessible service
of the system.
tunnels, not fire-isolated, which provide communication
between buildings or sections thereof shall be protected The CIE shall be connected to a reliable source of
(see Clause 2.3.2.5). supply in accordance with AS 1603.4. Equipment shall
be installed in locations that will not prejudice its
2.3.2.14 Strongrooms, vaults, or the like. Where performance and reliability. Equipment shall be selected
detectors are installed in a strongroom, vault, or the like which is suited to the environment in which it is to be
each room shall have a separate alarm zone facility or located. If environmental conditions, such as high
have a suitably labelled indicating device installed temperature, dampness, corrosion, vibration, shock,
outside the room. The indication shall latch on until the flammable atmosphere, or explosive atmospheres, can be
alarm zone facility is manually reset. experienced, the equipment shall be of a type complying
2.3.2.15 Storage of goods. Goods or materials shall not with the appropriate Australian standard.
be stacked so as to divide rooms into sections unless
2.5.2 Separation of wiring systems. The wiring of the
separate protection is provided for each such section. No
fire detection and alarm system and its associated extra-
goods or materials shall be placed within a clear space
low voltage circuits shall be kept separate and distinct
of at least 300 mm radius, to a depth of 600 mm, of the
from all other systems.
detector or sampling point.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 8
Segregation of wiring shall be in accordance with the main entrance area. The mimic panel or repeater panel
relevant requirements of AS 3000 and in particular with shall also identify the location of the remote equipment.
requirements concerning the following: Where the system is required to be connected to a fire
(a) Common enclosures. control station, the location of the indicating equipment
(b) Common ducts or troughing. shall also comply with the requirements of the Fire
Authority.
(c) Multicore cables.
Subindicator panels shall be located at the main point of
(d) Ceiling spaces, wall cavities, or surface wiring. entry into the area covered by the alarm zone facilities.
(e) Cable terminations. Where subindicator panels are used, single alarm and
2.5.3 Connection to existing installations. Where the fault visual indicators only need be provided at the fire
work is an extension of an existing installation, the indicator panel for each subindicator panel.
combined installation shall be thoroughly tested to A minimum clearance shall be maintained from the
ensure that all parts of the installation and equipment enclosure as shown in Fig. 2.2 to provide access to the
are compatible and that it will satisfactorily perform the panel.
required function. The new part of the installation shall All indicators and alarm zone facility controls shall be
comply with the installation requirements of this not less than 750 mm nor more than 1850 mm from the
standard. floor.
2.5.4 Equipment and its location.
To prevent water entry, equipment enclosures shall be

2.5.4.1 General. Equipment shall be installed so that the at least 100 mm above the floor, unless otherwise
correct performance is maintained. Where the sensitivity approved by the Regulatory Authority.
of the fire detection system can be varied by the control Where the Regulatory Authority permits the control and
and indicating equipment, the range of variation shall be indicating equipment to be obscured by a door, then that
limited to that specified by the appropriate Australian door shall be marked in a contrasting colour to the
standard. general colour scheme, with the words ‘FIRE
Access for servicing all equipment shall be provided, INDICATOR PANEL’ in letters not less than 50 mm
and detectors shall be located in accordance with the high. No other lettering shall be on the door. The door
spacing requirements of Sections 3, 4, and 5. shall not be lockable.
NOTE: Where special installation arrangements are required. the The arrangement of fire alarm signal indicators shall be
equipment manufacturer’s recommendations should be followed.
such as will ensure that they show clearly the location
2.5.4.2 Control and indicating equipment. The control of the appropriate alarm zone.
and indicating equipment shall be in a secure position Where, because of the size of the building and the
within the building. Indicating equipment that identifies location of the detectors, it is not possible to adequately
the location of the subindicator panel(s) or alarm zones describe all alarm zone locations concisely on the panel
that indicate an alarm shall be clearly visible and readily of the control and indicating equipment, the location of
accessible within the main entrance lobby unless the alarm zones for the associated indicator may be
otherwise required or approved by the Regulatory described on a durable material which is permanently
Authority. attached adjacent to the fire indicator panel, provided
Where the control and indicating equipment is mounted that the indicator is readily identifiable with the relevant
in a remotely located control point acceptable to the alarm zone.
Regulatory Authority, a mimic panel or repeater panel
shall be installed in a position clearly visible within the
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
Fig. 2.2. MINIMUM ENCLO SURE CLEARANCE
COPYRIGHT
9 AS 1670—1986
2.5.4.3 Warning systems. A fire warning system shall be connected so that the wiring is supervised in accordance
provided to alert building occupants to a fire alarm with the relevant requirements of AS 1603.4.
situation. 2.5.4.7 Ancillary loads. As well as fire suppression
The warning system shall be one of the following: systems connected to the CIE, the current-limited
(a) An emergency warning and evacuation system in operation of devices activated from the CIE shall be
accordance with AS 2220, initiated by the fire permitted, but the total current drawn by such ancillary
detection system; or devices shall not exceed 2 A.
(b) Electronic sounders generating an action tone as Ancillary control devices or isolation relays external to
specified in AS 2220, or fire alarm bells complying the CIE shall be installed within a protective enclosure
with AS 1603.6, which shall be audible in all and shall be marked or labelled with the words ‘FIRE
normally occupied areas; or ALARM SYSTEM’.
(c) Other warning devices approved by the Regulatory 2.5.5 Alarm verification facilities. Where an alarm
Authority. verification facility (see AS 1603.4) is fitted, the
following components of the CIE shall not be subject to
The system shall be arranged to operate at least one bell its operation:
located on the outside of the building.
(a) Alarm zone facilities containing only manual call
This bell shall be audible and visible at the main points.
approach to the building, and shall be as near as
practicable to the building entrance through which fire (b) Circuits between subindicator panels and the master
brigade access is made to read fire indicator panel, fire indicator panel.
mimic panel, or repeater panel information. (c) Detectors used to activate fire suppression systems.
NOTE: See AS 1603.6 for fi re alarm bell requirements. (d) Detectors installed in hazardous areas.
Bells shall be mounted in the orientation in which they (e) Alarm zone circuits from fire suppression systems.
were tested and approved. The word ‘FIRE’, marked on
(f) Alarm zone circuits from beam detectors where a
the bells, shall be upright and clearly legible when the
beam-interrupt fault over-rides the alarm state.
bells are installed.
2.6 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS.
2.5.4.4 Manual call points. A manual call point shall be
installed in a clearly visible and readily accessible 2.6.1 General. A separate alarm zone facility shall be
location at the main entrance lobby of the building. provided for each 2000 m 2 of floor area and shall be
confined to the one floor.
Manual call points may be connected to the detector
circuit protecting the area where they are installed Fire alarm zones to which there is no access from inside
provided that the circuit supervision is maintained. the building shall have separate alarm zone facilities
from those having internal access.
Manual call points installed throughout the protected
building or area shall comply with the appropriate alarm The maximum number of detectors connected to a single
zone circuit supervision requirements specified in alarm zone facility shall not exceed the number
AS 1603.4. approved for that facility and in any case shall not
exceed 40.
Manual call points shall be of the ‘break the glass’ type
and shall comply with AS 2036. Detectors protecting concealed spaces not exceeding
500 m2 in area may be connected to the alarm zone
2.5.4.5 Batteries. Batteries of the type and capacity
circuit on the same floor provided that the total
specified in AS 1603.4 shall be provided. The battery
protected area and the number of detectors required do
enclosure shall comply with AS 1603.4 and shall be
not exceed the alarm zone limits specified above.
readily accessible for inspection. For non-sealed
Detector visual indicators shall comply with the
batteries, the battery enclosure shall not be above the
requirements of Clause 2.3.2.1.
enclosure for the control and indicating equipment.
NOTE: Where the Fire Control Station will not receive the system’s
A mezzanine floor may be connected to the alarm zone
total power supply failur e signal, the battery should have sufficient facility associated with the floor from which access to
capacity to maintain the system for 96 h. the mezzanine is gained provided that the total protected
2.5.4.5A Power supply rating. The sum of the following area and the number of detectors required do not exceed
loads shall not exceed the power supply rating of the the alarm zone limits specified above.
CIE: Each single occupancy of multi-occupancy home units,
(a) Two AZF’s in an alarm state. hotels, motels, and the like, shall comply with one of
the following:
(b) The activation current (maximum 2 A) of permitted
ancillary devices (see Clause 2.5.4.7). (a) Be connected to the system as an individual alarm
zone facility.
(c) Two fire suppression systems in an alarm state, or
20% of such connected systems, whichever is (b) Be fitted with an individual alarm indicator in the
greater. common access area.
(d) The maximum battery charger current required to (c) Be provided with means to readily indicate detector
recharge the battery (see AS 1603.4). status for each single occupancy at the fire
indicator panel.
(e) All remaining quiescent system loads.
2.6.2 Addressable systems. Extension of one alarm
2.5.4.6 Precaution against failure. Where the various zone circuit is permitted for an addressable system
component parts of the control and indicating equipment complying with the following:
are installed in two or more locations, they shall be
COPYRIGHT
9a AS 1670—1986
(a) A single open-circuit shall not prevent an alarm Addressable systems shall contain not more than 1000
transmission from more than one alarm zone activating devices on each alarm zone circuit and such
facility. circuit shall be limited to those buildings located on one
(b) Any open-circuit shall register as a fault indicator site, under one ownership.
on all alarm zone facilities not capable of Where addressable devices other than detectors are used
transmitting an alarm. on an addressable alarm zone circuit, e.g. ancillary
(c) Any single wire-to-wire short-circuit shall disable control devices, each such device shall count as one
not more than 250 devices on the alarm zone activating device.
circuit and in any case not more than three 2.6.3 Distributed systems. Any fault condition in the
buildings. wiring between sub-fire indicator panels, fire indicator
(d) Any wire-to-wire short-circuit shall register as a panels, or other remote parts of the control and
fault or alarm indication at all alarm zone facilities indicating equipment which impedes the transmission of
affected. alarm signals shall indicate as a fault at the master
alarm facility.
(e) Unless the wiring of the alarm zone circuit is
installed in two separate cable paths, and suitably Extension of one alarm zone circuit is permitted for a
protected against mechanical damage, the alarm distributed system complying with the following:
zone circuit shall not exceed 10 storeys in the one (a) A single open-circuit shall not prevent an alarm
building. transmission from more than one alarm zone

facility.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 10
(b) Any open-circuit shall register as a fault indicator With the exception of (a) above, telephone-type cable
on all alarm zone facilities not capable of shall not be used to connect between items of equipment
transmitting an alarm. within buildings.
2.6.4 Intermixing of activating devices. Intermixing of 2.7.5 Joints and terminations. A loop-in system of
the various devices on one alarm zone circuit is wiring shall be used for parallel-connected detectors.
permitted, provided that the devices are suitably rated Each incoming and outgoing conductor of the same
for the system voltages and are compatible. potential shall be connected to the separate screw or
2.6.5 Air-handling equipment. Where a building has a clamping facility provided on the same terminal
fire detection system installed to control the air-handling connection.
equipment in accordance with AS 1668, Part 1, and this Joints in conductors shall not be permitted except in
is connected to the control and indicating equipment, runs in excess of 100 m or as otherwise approved. Joints
separate alarm zone facilities shall be provided and and terminations shall be made only in a suitably
labelled accordingly. enclosed terminal box employing fixed, clamp-type
2.7 INSTALLATION WIRING. terminations. All such joints shall be clearly identified
on the as-installed drawings.
2.7.1 General. Wiring of the fire detection and alarm
system shall be in accordance with the appropriate All terminations shall have appropriate circuit markings
requirements of AS 3000. Particular attention should be and the terminal box shall be marked ‘FIRE ALARM’
in a contrasting colour.
given to the protection and segregation of the fire

detection and alarm system from other systems (see Where a detector is connected by flexible cord, not
Clause 2.5.2). more than 1.5 m of sheathed flexible cord shall be used.
Notwithstanding the above requirements, alarm zone Each conductor within the cord shall have a cross-
circuits consisting of optical fibres are permitted sectional area of not less than 0.75 mm 2 and the cord
provided that the integrity of the installation is shall have grips at each end to relieve the terminals of
equivalent to the requirements of this standard and such stress. Where flexible cords are used, the loop-in system
circuits are dedicated to the fire protection functions of of wiring shall also be observed.
a building. 2.7.6 Telecom line connection. The wiring from the
The wiring between the main electrical switchboard and control and indicating equipment to the fire station line
the fire control and indicating equipment shall be in connection block shall be adequately protected against
accordance with AS 3000. mechanical damage and fire.
2.7.2 Conductors. Except where MIMS or telephone- Insulated and sheathed cable having a fire-resistance
type cables are used, all conductors shall be stranded rating of not less than 30 min, enclosed in steel conduit
and have a minimum cross-sectional area of 0.75 mm 2. or similar, or MIMS (copper) cable is deemed to comply
with this requirement.
The maximum voltage drop specified by the equipment
manufacturer shall not be exceeded. Prior approval of the equipment must be obtained from
Telecom Australia before the fire indicator panel or
2.7.3 Cable colour. Sheathed cables shall comply with other parts of the control and indicating equipment are
the following colour requirements: connected to Telecom lines.
(a) The outer sheath shall be coloured red or have 2.7.7 Fire control station connection. Unless otherwise
permanent red markers of at least 10 mm in width required by the Regulatory Authority, every automatic
spaced at intervals of not more than 3 m along the fire detection and alarm system shall be connected to an
cable length. approved fire control station.
(b) The insulation of each conductor shall be NOTE: The connection to the fire control station should have the
permanently coloured or marked so that each following faciliti es:
conductor is readily identifiable at each (a) Form of fi re li ne connection. Automatic fire detection and
termination. alarm systems connected to the fire control station should be
connected by approved equipment. The contractor responsible
2.7.4 Telephone-type cable. Where telephone-type for the fire alarm installation should arrange with the Fire
cable is used to connect various components of the Authority to have the system connected to the fire control
detection system, it shall be double-insulated and station.
protected from mechanical damage. The cables in (b) It is recommended that there should be installed in the fi re
station’s control centre, supervisory equipment that will
underground cable runs between buildings shall either be automatically register a signal in the event of open-circuit,
a type approved for direct burial suitably protected short-circuit, or earth fault on the alarm line between the
against mechanical damage or be suitably enclosed in protected premises and the fire control station. Where possible,
accordance with AS 3000. the fire alarm signal should have priority over fault signals.
(c) Each fire control station should have facilities for routine
Use of telephone-type cables shall be restricted to the testing and maintenance to ensure the system is always fully
following applications: operational. The test procedures for sending alarm signals to
the fire control station during routine testing should comply
(a) FIP to repeater or mimic panels. with the requirements of the Fire Authority having jurisdicti on.
(b) Wiring to remote equipment (e.g. SIP, MCP, (d) Control and indicating equipment. A minimum of one alarm
sounders, detectors) installed externally to the indicator, an isolated switch, and common reset switch for each
fire line connection should be provided (see also
building containing the FIP. Clause 2.5.4.2).
COPYRIGHT
11 AS 1670—1986
SECTION 3. HEAT DETECTION SYSTEMS

3.1 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS. For corridors, the distance between detectors shall not
3.1.1 General. Each detector shall be installed so that be more than 10 m (see Fig. 3.1(b)).
the sensing element is not less than 15 mm nor more Where modular ceilings are based on 1200 mm ×
than 100 mm below the ceiling or roof. Where roof 600 mm modules, it is permissible to increase the
purlins inhibit the free flow of heat to the detector, the longitudinal spacing from 7 m to 7.2 m, provided that
detector may be installed on the purlin provided that the the latitudinal spacing is reduced to 6 m. The spacing
sensing element is not further than 350 mm from the from walls and partitions may also be extended to 3.6 m
roof. (See Clause 2.6 for maximum number of detectors in general areas and 7.2 m in corridors.
per alarm zone facility and alarm zone limitations.) 3.1.3 Spacing from walls, partitions, or registers. The
Test pumps for pneumatic or similar systems shall be distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or
mounted in the detector contact-making enclosure. partition shall not exceed 3.5 m nor be less than
The maximum spacing and location of detectors shall 300 mm (see Fig. 3.1(a)). For corridors, the distance
comply with the requirements of Clauses 3.1.2 to 3.1.5 between the end wall and the nearest detector shall not
(see Figs 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 for detector locations). exceed 5 m (see Fig. 3.1(b)).
Detectors shall be installed in the highest point of the Detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to
any supply air register.
ceiling (see Fig.3.3); however, where the ceiling is

constructed with beams or joists less than 300 mm deep, 3.1.4 Reduced spacing. For all types of heat detector,
the detector may be installed on the underside of the closer spacing may be required to take account of
beam or joist. The location of detectors should be to the special structural characteristics of the protected area. In
best advantage for detecting a fire. particular, the following requirements shall be observed:
NOTES: (a) Where the ceiling of the protected area is
1. The type of detector for use in various locations is described in segmented by beams, joists, or ducts, and the
Appendix A.
vertical depth of such members is less than
2. Where ceiling heights exceed 9 m, the location, sensitivit y, and
type of detector selected should be specially considered. 300 mm, the same spacing as for flat ceilings shall
apply. Where the depth of segmentation is greater
3.1.2 Spacing between detectors for flat ceilings. For than 300 mm, spacing between detectors shall be
flat ceilings, excluding corridors, detectors shall be reduced by 30 percent.
arranged so that the distance from any point on the
ceiling of the protected area to the nearest detector does (b) The maximum coverage of a Type E detector shall
not exceed 5 m (see Fig. 3.1 (a)). In addition, the be 9 m2 .
distance between any detector and the nearest detector
to it shall not exceed 7 m.
Fig. 3.1. TYPICAL HEAT DETEC TOR SPA CING — FLAT CEILINGS
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 12
3.1.5 Spacing in concealed spaces requiring 3.2 LINE-TYPE SYSTEMS — TUBULAR OR

protection. Concealed spaces for which protection is CABLE. Installations of line-type detectors shall
required under Clause 2.3.2.1 shall be protected in comply with the appropriate requirements of
accordance with Clauses 3.1.2 to 3.1.4, subject to the Clauses 3.1.2 and 3.1.3, and with the following
following exceptions: requirements:
(a) Concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in (a) The maximum length for each line detection circuit
excess of 2 m high shall have detectors spaced in shall be in accordance with the area limitation
accordance with Clauses 3.1.2 and 3.1.3. specified in Section 2.
(b) For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces less The line detection circuit activating devices
than 2 m high and having downward projections, associated with the tube or cable shall not exceed
such as beams and ducts, not exceeding 300 mm the area specified in Clause 2.6.1 for each alarm
from the upper surface of the space, the spacing zone facility.
between detectors shall not exceed 10 m, and the (b) The bore of the tubing shall be not less than 1.5
distance between any wall or partition to the mm, and the thickness of the wall shall be not less
nearest detector shall not exceed 5 m. than 0.3 mm.
Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the (c) All line detection circuits shall be installed so that
spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with they are not subject to mechanical damage.
Clauses 3.1.2 and 3.1.3.
The heat-sensing portion of the line-type detection

(c) For concealed spaces with apices, the spacing circuit shall not be installed in more than one alarm
between detectors in the longitudinal direction at zone unless adequate precautions are taken to
the apex shall not exceed 7 m. In a sloping roof, prevent incorrect alarm zone identification.
the lowest row of detectors shall be located not
more than 7 m measured horizontally towards the (d) Line detection circuits shall be disposed throughout
apex from a position where the vertical height, the protected area so that there is not more than 7
between the upper and lower surfaces of the space, m between any two adjacent lines and within 3.5 m
is 800 mm. The spacing between detectors in a of any wall or partition. In the roof bays, there
longitudinal direction may be extended to 14 m in shall be a line detection circuit for each apex, even
the lower rows. The distances between intermediate though these apices may be less than 7 m apart
rows parallel to the apex shall not exceed 7 m. The (see Appendix A, Paragraph A2).
longitudinal spaces between the detectors on the Where the line-type detector is made up of a number of
lower rows shall be arranged so that the detectors individual single elements, each element should be
are spaced equally between the detectors on the considered as a point-type detector for spacing purposes.
adjacent rows. (See Figure 3.2.)
COPYRIGHT
13 AS 1670—1986
NOTES:
1. Alternate rows offset.
2. See Clause 3.1.5(c).
3. Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height.
FIGURE 3.2 HEAT DETEC TOR LOCATIONS FOR CONCEAL ED SPACES WITH APEX AND SLOPING ROOF
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 14
NOTE: Detector always on side with least slope.
Fig. 3.3 DESIGN CRITER IA FOR POINT-TYPE AND LINE-TYPE DETE CTORS
COPYRIGHT
15 AS 1670—1986
NOTE: Infrared scans of a building have shown heat pockets at apices of roof structures due to solar
radiation, Therefore, to obtain effective fire detection, the detectors must be located below these pockets.
FIG. 3.3 (continued )
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 16
SECTION 4. SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS

4.1 GENERAL. Where high temperatures are NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is
experienced close to ceilings or roofs, e.g. unlined roofs, described in Appendix A.
it may be necessary to extend the location of the 4.2.2 Spacing between detectors. Detectors shall be
detector down below the ceiling to obtain earliest spaced so that the distance from any point on the ceiling
response. The location of detectors should be to the best of the protected area to the nearest detection point shall
advantage for detecting a fire. not exceed 7 m. In addition, the distance between any
Where the detector mounting height is over 4 m from detector and the nearest detector to it shall not exceed
the floor, see Fig. 4.5 for minimum distance below the 10 m except for beam type detectors for which the
ceiling line. distance shall not exceed 14 m (see Figs 4.1 to 4.5).
Multipoint air-sampling tube detectors shall be arranged
4.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS. so that the sampling tubes have the same spacings as a
4.2.1 General. The sensing element for ceiling-mounted row of point-type detectors. No extension of the spacing
point type detectors shall be not less than 40 mm and is permitted in corridors.
normally not more than 600 mm below the ceiling or 4.2.3 Spacing from walls, partitions, or registers. The
roof. distance from the nearest row of point-type detectors or
Optical beam type smoke detectors shall be mounted not sampling points to any wall or partition shall not exceed
less than 300 mm and normally not more than 600 mm 5 m nor be less than 300 mm.
below the ceiling or roof. (See Clause 2.6 for the For optical beam detectors, the beam shall traverse not
maximum number of detectors per alarm zone facility less than 95 percent of the protected area, and the
and alarm zone limitations.) Additional beam type distance between the beam and any wall or partition
detectors may be installed in vertical shafts, e.g. atria, at shall not exceed 7 m nor be less than 300 mm.
lower levels.
Detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to
NOTE: The lower li mit of the mounting position of the detector
may be changed to suit the individual application as determined by any supply air register.
smoke tests during commissioning of the installation. For the purpose of this Clause, smoke barriers shall be
The maximum spacing and location of detectors shall considered partitions.
comply with the requirements of Clauses 4.2.2 and
4.2.3.
NOTE: Smoke detector spacing in corridors are the same as general areas.
Fig. 4.1 TYPICA L SMO KE DETEC TOR SPACING — FLAT CEILINGS
COPYRIGHT
17 AS 1670—1986
4.2.4 Reduction in spacing. For computer rooms or (e) For areas with ceiling heights equal to or greater
similar applications where the number of air changes is than 4 m and deep beam depth exceeding 100 mm
in excess of 15 per hour, the spacing of point-type (see Area 4, Fig. 4.6), detectors shall be mounted
detectors shall be not more than 7 m between detectors on the underside of the beams and spaced in
nor more than 3.5 m from walls and partitions. accordance with Clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3.
NOTE: For areas with high air velocities, i.e. in excess of 3 m/s, NOTE: Where air flow reduces the response of the detector.
the detector spacing may need to be further reduced or more Located in these areas, the detectors should be relocated in a more
sensitive detection equipment may need to be installed (see favourable position. Notwithstanding, the spacing requirements of
Paragraph A4.2.5 of Appendix A). Clause 4.2 6 should not be exceeded.
4.2.5 Spacing in concealed spaces requiring 4.3 SAMPLING SYSTEMS.
protection. Concealed spaces for which protection is 4.3.1 General. A point-type detector with an associated
required under Clause 2.3.2.1 shall be protected in single point sampling device similar to that used for
accordance with Clauses 4.2.2 to 4.2.3, subject to the sampling air from a duct is not regarded as a sampling
following: system.
(a) Concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is
excess of 2 m high shall have detectors spaced in described in Appendix A. A sampling system would typically
accordance with Clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. consist of a device drawing air from one or more compartments by
means of pipe(s) having sampling points along the length of the
(b) For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces less pipe. The sampled air is passed through the sensing portion of a
than 2 m high and having downward projections, very sensitive smoke detector sensing head which initiates an alarm
such as beams and ducts, not exceeding 300 mm signal at a level selected to suit the particular environmental
conditions associated with the protected areas.
from the upper surface of the space, the spacing
between detectors shall not exceed 15 m, and the Failure of either the air flow through the sensing head,
distance between any wall or partition to the or electronic functions of the system which could cause
nearest detector shall not exceed 10 m. the total alarm zone to be unprotected, shall be indicated
visually and aurally at the control and indicating
Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the equipment.
spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with
Clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. The area covered by any air-sampling pipe sensing head
shall not exceed 2000 m 2 for each alarm zone (see
(c) For concealed spaces with apices, the spacing Clause 2.6.1).
between detectors in the longitudinal direction at
the apex shall not exceed 10 m. In a sloping roof, 4.3.2 System design. The design (size and airflow) of
the lower row of detectors shall be located at a the air-sampling pipes shall ensure that each sampling
maximum of 10 m measured horizontally towards point has a response equal to or better than an approved
the apex from a position where the vertical height point-type smoke detector. In addition, the system shall
between the upper and lower surfaces of the space, respond within 90 s from smoke entering the least
is 800 mm. The spacing between detectors in a favourable sampling point. The system shall comply
longitudinal direction may be extended to 20 m in with the following:
the lower rows. The longitudinal spaces between (a) Air filtering, capable of removing at least 80
detectors on the lower rows shall be arranged so percent of particles in excess of 10 µm diameter,
that the detectors are spaced equally between the shall be provided at the input to each sensing head
detectors on the adjacent rows. (See Figure 4.2.) of the sampling pipe system.
4.2.6 Spacing where additional protection is required. (b) The installation and alignment of any part of the
Where roofs or ceilings are compartmented by structural system shall be such that it can be easily
features which could have the effect of restricting the maintained and the sampling point orientation does
free flow of air, the detectors shall be located so as to not jeopardize the long-term reliability and
ensure early detection and subject (for point type performance of the system (refer to manufacturer’s
detectors) to the following (see Fig.4.6): installation recommendations). Sampling points
(a) For areas with ceiling height not exceeding 4 m shall be installed in a downward-facing direction.
and deep beam depth not exceeding 300 mm (see (c) The power supply for a sampling system (including
Area 1, Fig. 4.6), the spacing of detectors shall be air pumps, sensing heads, indicators, etc) shall
in accordance with Clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. comply with AS 1603.4.
(b) For areas with ceiling height not exceeding 2 m (d) Each sampling point shall have an opening of area
and deep beam depth exceeding 300 mm (see Area not less than 3 mm2 and the spacing of sampling
2, Fig. 4.6), the spacing of detectors shall be in points shall not exceed the spacing requirements
accordance with Clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. specified for a single point-type smoke detector
(c) For areas with ceiling height greater than 2 m and given in Clause 4.2.2 and Clause 4.2.4.
not exceeding 4 m, deep beam depth exceeding (e) Sampling points shall be fitted with a filter to
300 mm (see Area 3, Fig. 4.6), and the interbeam prevent the ingress of insects; alternatively, the
area less than 4 m 2, detectors shall be mounted on number of sampling points shall be doubled and
the underside of the beams and spaced in equally distributed along each pipe for each
accordance with Clause 4.2.4. protected area. The minimum effective area of any
(d) For areas such as (c) above, where the interbeam filter shall be not less than 500 mm2 . Sampling
area is equal to or greater than 4 m 2 , at least one points shall not be painted or coated with any
detector shall be placed in each interbeam area, and substance that will reduce the size of the opening.
the spacing shall be in accordance with
Clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 18
(f) Each sampling point where a filter is not fitted (j) Where the system piping is concealed in a ceiling
shall be marked in a contrasting colour. space, the air-sampling point shall be clearly
(g) Where non-metallic conduit is used for sampling observable and identifiable by a ceiling plate of not
systems, it shall comply with the following: less than 50 mm diameter.
(i) Be of rigid heavy-duty type complying with (k) Capillary tubes used to branch from the main
AS 2053. sampling pipe shall be securely fixed at both ends.
Capillary tubes shall not restrict the air flow by
(ii) Fixed at intervals not exceeding 2 m in sharp changes of direction or reduction in cross-
length, and be otherwise installed in sectional area. Non-metallic capillary tubes shall
accordance with AS 3000. comply with AS 1159.
(iii) Particular attention shall be given to prevent (l) The inside diameter of any capillary tube shall be
damage to conduit installed in concealed not less than 3 mm.
spaces.
(m) Sampling points for room protection shall be not
(iv) Except where expansion joints are provided, more than 300 mm nor less than 25 mm from the
all joints shall be designed so that they are ceiling.
permanently fixed by using a solvent cleaning
agent, then applying a solvent cement. 4.3.3 Air pumps (fans). Any air pumps used for
sampling air from an alarm zone shall be capable of
(v) Expansion joints shall be airtight. operating under the environmental conditions specified
(h) All sampling pipes shall be coloured red or have in AS 1603.4.
permanent red markers of at least 10 mm in width Where the air pump is normally operated from an a.c.
spaced at intervals not exceeding 3 m along the mains supply, an automatic changeover to standby
pipe length. battery, in the event of a.c. mains supply failure, shall
be provided.
COPYRIGHT
19 AS 1670—1986
NOTES:
1. Alternate rows offset.
2. See Clause 4.2.5(c).
3. Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height.
Fig. 4.2 POINT AND SAMPL ING TUBE TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR LOCA TIONS
FOR CONCEALE D SPACES WITH APE X AND SLOPING ROOF
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 20
NOTE: Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height.
Fig. 4.3 BEAM TYPE SMOKE DETECT OR LOCATIONS FOR CONCEA LED
SPACES WITH AP EX AND SLOPING ROOF
COPYRIGHT
21 AS 1670—1986
NOTE: Detector always on side with least slope.
Fig. 4.4 DESIGN CR ITERIA FOR POINT, BEA M, AND SAMPLING TUBE TYPE SMOKE DETECT ORS
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 22
NOTES:
1. X = 10 000 for point and sampling tube type detectors
X = 14 000 for beam type detectors
Y = distance in accordance with Fig. 4.5
2. Infrar ed scans of a building have shown heat pockets at apices of roof structures due to
solar radiation. Therefore, to obtain effective fire detection, the detectors must be located
below these pockets.
Fig. 4.4 (continued )
COPYRIGHT
23 AS 1670—1986
NOTE: Fire aerosols are transported by means of warm air from the fire source and their vertical progress is impeded when the temperature
of the smoke equals the surrounding air; therefore for high ceilings a larger fi re source is necessary to transport the smoke to the detector. For
this reason, it is necessary for smoke detectors to be installed below the warm air pockets at roof levels as indicated by the graph.
Fig. 4.5 SMOKE DE TECTOR LOCATIONS — BELO W CEILINGS
Fig. 4.6 DESIGN CRITER IA FOR POINT-TYPE DETECTOR —

CEILING STRUC TURES WITH DEEP BE AMS
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 24
SECTION 5. FLAME DETECTION SYSTEMS
5.1 GENERAL. The operating principles of flame 5.3 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS. Any one alarm
detectors (infrared or ultraviolet) need to be understood zone facility shall be limited to 20 detectors. In addition,
to enable the correct selection and location of a any one alarm zone facility shall be limited to an area
particular device to suit the risk and the level of not greater than 2000 m unless the space is undivided.
protection required. Particular attention should be given 5.4 FIXING OF DETECTORS. Detectors shall be
to the manufacturer’s installation instructions for the rigidly fixed to a stable support so that vibration or
type of detector selected. shocks will not cause spurious alarm signals or
NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is misalignment of the detector leading to loss of
described in Appendix A. protection.
5.2 SPACING AND LOCATION OF DETECTORS. 5.5 DETECTOR LENSES. Lenses of flame detectors
Flame detectors shall be located so that their field of through which flame radiation is received shall be
view is not blocked by structural members of buildings appropriately designed for the coverage required. Where
or other objects, and so that they can be reached easily detectors are placed in environments likely to lead to the
for maintenance, particularly the cleaning of lenses. deposition of particles on the lens, appropriate baffles or
Flame detectors shall not be located near bright lights purging equipment shall be fitted to ensure that the
nor behind glass or other transparent panels which detector’s sensitivity is retained between service periods.
prevent the transmission of radiation from flames.

5.6 PROTECTION FROM WEATHER. Detectors
Detectors shall be spaced to ensure that the risk areas mounted out of doors shall be housed in weatherproof
are protected with a minimum of shadowing or blind enclosures of corrosion-resistant material. They shall be
spots. Where significant unprotected areas exist because fixed and supported so that they are not liable to
of the presence of objects, e.g. high-pile storage racks, movement because of wind or other causes.
additional detectors to look into these areas shall be
installed. (See Paragraph A5.4 and Figs Al to A3 of
Appendix A.)
COPYRIGHT
25 AS 1670—1986
SECTION 6. COMMISSIONING AND MAINTENAN CE
6.1 COMMISSIONING OF INSTALLATION. (g) Check the response of each installed detector or
6.1.1 General. The fire alarm installer shall ensure that sampling point with an approved in situ tester, and
all documentation, logbook, handbooks (operating ensure that each detector has operated in the correct
manuals), as-installed drawings, and check list, as range and the alarm has indicated on the control
required by AS 1603.4, are available to facilitate and indicating equipment and, if applicable, at the
commissioning tests. detector tested. The response of the system shall
not exceed 6 s from the time the detector operates
The tests specified in Clause 6.1.2 shall be conducted by until the master alarm facility registers the alarm.
the installer and the system restored to its correct
operating condition after the commissioning tests (see (h) Check operation of each manual call point.
Appendix D for commissioning test report). (j) For flame detectors, perform the following:
The fire alarm system installer shall rectify any faults in (i) Check that the number and type of detectors
the fire detection and alarm installation, as appropriate, provide adequate protection of the area.
where the test results of the commissioning tests (see (ii) Check that there are no ‘blind’ spots in areas
Clause 6.1.2) are outside the manufacturer’s limits. protected.
6.1.2 Commissioning tests. The following tests shall be
(iii) Check that the detectors are rigidly fixed.

performed:
(iv) Check that detectors are properly connected
(a) Check that all detectors used in the system are — to compatible control and indicating
(i) listed in the operator’s manual; equipment.
(ii) compatible with the installed alarm zone (v) Check that detector lenses are clean and
facility, particularly that the permitted number adequately protected from dust and
of detectors for each alarm zone is not extraneous radiation sources where these are
exceeded; and present.
(iii) installed in an environment for which they are (vi) Test the detector response to a flame source
suitable. or simulated flame.
NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is (k) For smoke detection sampling systems, perform
described in Appendix A. following:
(b) Check that the a.c. mains power supply for the (i) Measure the response time of all sampling
system has been provided in accordance with points using smouldering type smoke, e.g.
AS 3000, and that the isolating switch disconnects smouldering mosquito coil, placed at the
all active conductors. sampling point.
(c) Ensure that the detector locations and the fire (ii) Check the back-up power supply capacity.
control and indicating equipment are in accordance
with appropriate clauses of this standard. (iii) Check the operation of alarm settings and
indicators.
(d) Measure each alarm zone circuit voltage and
current (quiescent, fault, and alarm) or other (iv) Check the operation of remote indication of
relevant circuit parameters for correct operation and alarm and fault signals.
record these in the logbook. (v) Check the operation of air flow failure
Disconnect all installation wiring, e.g. alarm zone indicators.
circuits, ancillary control circuits and the like, from (vi) Check the operation of the system (signal)
the CIE and measure the insulation resistance to failure indicators.
earth in accordance with AS 3000. Record the
results in the logbook. (vii) Check the isolate/reset functions.
NOTE: Where the connected equipment could be damaged by (viii) Check the fault and alarm test facilities.
the insulation resistance test above, other appropriate tests to (l) Test each ancillary function by operating the alarm
ensure that the wirin g is satisfactory must be applied.
zone facility associated with the ancillary function.
(e) Open-circuit and short-circuit the ‘end of line
device’ on each alarm zone circuit, or conduct (m) Check that the master alarm facility is able to
other appropriate tests to ensure that fault and receive the alarm signal by operating each alarm
alarm conditions are operating correctly on all zone facility. Check that the fire control station is
alarm zone facilities and on other sections of the able to receive the alarm signal from the master
control and indicating equipment. alarm facility.
(f) Operate each alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset (n) Check that the battery is of a suitable type and
facility provided for each alarm zone to determine capacity complying with the requirements of
their correct operation. Operate the a.c. supply Clause 2.5.4.5. Perform a float voltage check
switch off and on at least five times to check that according to the battery manufacturer’s recom-
the system will not false alarm from a.c.power mendation to ensure that the charger type and
interruptions. setting is correct for the type of battery.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 26
(p) Check that all alarm zone facilities have been the commissioning information specified in
labelled and that the alarm zone is immediately Clause 6.1.2(r), all known alarms (genuine, false,
apparent from the labelling. practice, or test), and all faults and disconnections.
(q) Check that as-installed drawings have been All alarms and tests recorded shall remain in the
correctly marked up and that they are consistent logbook and shall be available to the Regulatory
with the installation. Check that the operator’s Authority at all times.
manual is relevant to the installation. A separate section or book shall be provided to record
(r) Record the results of the commissioning test (i.e. all maintenance details.
voltages and currents for the battery charger, NOTE: AS 1851, Part 8 requires all test and maintenance data to
detector and/or sampling point operating times, and be recorded in tr iplicate.
other equipment identification) in the logbook (see 6.4 MAINTENANCE. For the continuous reliability of
Clause 6.3). the system, provision shall be made for the regular
6.2 INS T AL L E R’ S S T AT E M E NT , ‘ AS - maintenance of the installation.
INS T ALL E D’ DIAGRAM S , AND COM - NOTES:
MISSIONING REPORT. An installer’s statement 1. It is recommended that the installation be maintained by the
certifying compliance with this Standard (see manufacturer or the manufacturer’s representative or an
Appendix B), and an ‘as-installed’ diagram of the wiring organization, in accordance with AS 1851, Part 8.
layout of the complete system, including the positions of 2. The fire control station and building owner or agent are to be
all detectors and alarm zone facilities (see Appendix C), notifi ed when any portion of a system is isolated for
maintenance and likewise notified when this portion is
shall be provided at the conclusion of installation. reconnected.
A commissioning test shall be performed before the The arrangements for maintenance shall ensure that an
building is occupied (see Appendix D). adequate service facility is available to provide service
Symbols as shown in Appendix C shall be used on all in the event of any fault developing at the installation.
drawings relevant to the fire detection and alarm The details of any emergency service call shall be
systems. entered in the logbook.
6.3 LOGBOOK. A logbook with substantial binding
shall be kept in the space provided at the fire indicator
panel. This logbook shall include provision for recording
COPYRIGHT
27 AS 1670—1986
APPENDIX A
GUIDAN CE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS
A1 INTRODUCTION. These recommendations should be applied with due regard to the

attributes of each type of detector and its prime function for life safety and property
protection.
The fire detection and alarm system should operate before the escape routes become
smoke-logged to such an extent as will cause occupants to have difficulty finding their way
out of the building. The fire detection and alarm system may only be considered
satisfactory if the fire is extinguished quickly by a fire brigade responding to a call or by
actuation of an automatic suppression system. Explosive atmospheres or flammable
atmospheres require special suppression systems automatically actuated by the detection
system.
Premises where people sleep require different criteria for the selection of the detection and
alarm system from those for premises where occupants are continuously supervising the
area.
A2 GENERAL NOTES ON DETECTORS. Fire detectors are designed to detect one or
more of three characteristics of a fire, i.e. heat, smoke, or flame. No one type of detector
is the most suitable for all applications and the final choice will depend on individual
circumstances. In some premises, it may be useful to combine different types of detectors
to achieve the best results.
The likely fire behaviour of the contents of each part of the building, the processes taking
place, and the design of the building should be considered. The susceptibility of the
contents to heat, smoke, and water damage should also be considered.
Typical areas where special consideration should be given for additional protection are as
follows:
(a) Mechanically ventilated cupboards.
(b) Fume cupboards.
(c) Vertical service shafts.
(d) Spray painting booths.
(e) ‘Walk in’ type air-handling plant and the like.
(f) Shop windows.
(g) Cupboards used for the storage of cleaning equipment, materials, and the like.
In any automatic fire detection system, the detector has to discriminate between a fire and
the normal conditions existing within the building. The system chosen should have
detectors that are suited to these conditions and that provide the earliest reliable warning.
Each type of detector responds at a different rate to different kinds of fire. With a slowly
developing smouldering fire, a smoke detector would probably operate first. A fire that
evolves heat rapidly and with very little smoke could operate a heat detector before a
smoke detector. With a flammable liquid fire, a flame detector could operate first.
In general, smoke detectors give appreciably faster responses than heat detectors, but care
must be taken in their selection and location.
Heat and smoke detectors are suitable for use in most buildings. Radiation (flame)
detectors are mainly suitable for supplementing heat and smoke detectors in high
compartments, provided that an unobstructed view is possible, and for special applications
such as outdoor storage and chemical processes employing flammable liquids.
The choice of fire detector may also be affected by the environmental conditions within
the premises. In general, heat detectors have a greater resistance to adverse environmental
conditions than other types have.
All fire detectors will respond to some extent to phenomena other than fire and therefore
careful choice of detectors and their location is essential.
A3 HEAT DETECTORS.
A3.1 General. There are two main forms of heat-sensitive detector. One is the ‘point’ type
of detector which is affected by the hot gas layer immediately adjacent to it. The other is
the ‘line’ type of detector which is sensitive to the effect produced by heated gases along
any portion of the detector line.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 28
There are two main types of heat-sensitive element in each form as follows:
(a) Rate-of-rise of temperature elements which are designed to operate when their
temperature rises abnormally quickly.
(b) Fixed-temperature (static) elements which are designed to operate when they reach a
preselected temperature.
It must be appreciated that a rate-of-rise detector will respond to the presence of fire
conditions faster than a fixed-temperature type because of its ability to sense rapid
increases in temperature. Accordingly, the use of rate-of-rise detectors is preferred for
general protection of areas.
Where environmental conditions of a building are not conducive to the use of rate of-rise
detectors owing to normally occurring rapid increases in temperature consideration should
be given to the installation of fixed-temperature type detectors to reduce the incidence of
spurious alarms. The following are typical examples where such temperature variations can
be expected: Boiler rooms, above furnaces, kitchens, coolrooms, bathrooms, and laundries.
Detectors containing only rate-of-rise elements do not comply with AS 1603.1, and should
not be used.
Heat detectors are not usually suitable for the protection of places where large losses could
be caused by small fires, e.g. computer rooms. Before final selection of a detector, an
estimate should be made of the likely extent of the damage caused before operation of the
heat detector.
A3.2 Application. Heat detectors should be used as follows:
(a) Type A-Normal temperature duty, incorporating both fixed-temperature and rate-of-
rise actuation. This type of detector is recommended for use in the majority of
moderate temperature applications below 45°C where rapid temperature increases are
not normally experienced. (See Note to (e) below.)
(b) Type B-Normal temperature duty, fixed-temperature actuation only. This type of
detector is recommended where rapid temperature increases are normally encountered
and the maximum temperature does not normally exceed 45°C.
(C) Type C-High temperature duty incorporating both fixed-temperature and rate-of-rise
actuation. This type of detector is recommended for use in high temperature
applications below 75°C where rapid temperature increases are not normally
experienced. (See Note to (e) below.)
(d) Type D-High temperature duty, fixed-temperature actuation only. This type of detector
is recommended where rapid temperature increases are normally experienced and the
maximum temperature does not normally exceed 75°C.
(e) Type E-Special purpose fixed temperature. Type E detectors are intended to provide
protection in areas which cannot be satisfactorily protected by Types A to D owing
to some factor associated with the environment, such as extremely high ambient
temperatures, severe corrosion, and the like.
NOTE: Although Type A or Type C detectors are intended to protect the majorit y of areas, special
circumstances may prevent or interfere with their reliable operation. Such circumstances may dictate the
use of a Type B, Type D, or Type E detector manufactured to suit the special environment.
A4 SMOKE DETECTORS.
A4.1 General. There are two smoke sensing principles commonly used for smoke detectors
as follows:
(a) Ionization chamber type which operates on the change in current flowing through an
ionization chamber upon entry of smoke particles.
(b) Optical type which operates on the scattering or absorption of light by smoke particles
in a light beam.
There are single-point and multipoint detectors that detect smoke at one or more positions
and may be based on optical or ionization principles.
Sampling detectors take air from a number of positions to a point smoke sensor.
Optical beam detectors are effectively line detectors working on the obscuration principle.
Some beam detectors can also detect thermal turbulence by refraction of the beam at
turbulent interfaces between hot and cold air.
Ionization chamber smoke detectors respond quickly to smoke containing small particles
normally produced in clean burning fires, but may respond slowly to optically dense smoke
containing large particles, which may be produced by smouldering materials. Certain
materials, e.g. PVC, when smouldering produce mainly large particles to which ionization
detectors are less sensitive.
COPYRIGHT
29 AS 1670—1986
Tobacco smoke usually reaches ceiling-mounted smoke detectors only after it has coalesced
to form large particles; this and the usually low rate of arrival of tobacco smoke make
ionization chamber smoke detectors less likely to give an alarm than optical detectors under
these conditions.
Optical smoke detectors respond quickly to smoke that is optically dense. Both optical and
ionization detectors have sufficiently wide ranges of response to be of general use.
A4.2 Application.
A4.2.1 General. All types of smoke detectors depend for operation on combustion products
entering the sensing-chamber or light beam. When sufficient concentration is present,
operation is obtained. Since the detectors are usually mounted on the ceiling, response time
depends upon the nature of the fire. A hot fire will drive the combustion products up to
the ceiling rapidly. A smouldering fire produces little heat, therefore the time for smoke
to reach the detector will be increased.
The projected beam-type smoke detector will respond when the light path at the receiver
is interrupted or obscured. It is important therefore that the light path be kept clear of
obstacles at all times.
Smoke detectors other than those incorporating thermal turbulence detectors do not detect
fumes from burning alcohol and other clean burning liquids which do not produce smoke
particles. This is not a serious disadvantage because a fire will normally involve other
combustible materials at an early stage. Combined optical beam smoke detectors and
thermal turbulence detectors may be suitable for such risks, but heat or flame detectors
should also be considered.
Smoke detectors incorporating thermal turbulence detectors may be unsuitable for
installation immediately above ceiling-mounted blower heaters or industrial processes that
produce appreciable heat.
Where there are production or other processes that produce smoke or fumes that would
operate smoke detectors, an alternative type of detector should be used.
Very early smoke detection systems of the sampling type are more sensitive than point-type
detectors and are more susceptible to spurious alarm caused by pollution, smoking, and
dust particles, and therefore are more suited to controlled air environments.
A4.2.2 Location considerations. Location of smoke detectors should result from an
evaluation based upon engineering judgement or field tests. Ceiling shape and surfaces,
ceiling height, configuration of contents, burning characteristics, and ventilation are some
of the factors that must be considered.
In extreme environments the selection of smoke detectors should be confined to those
capable of withstanding the environmental conditions.
A4.2.3 Ceiling surfaces. As mentioned in Paragraph A4.2.2, the ceiling surface is one of
the factors that must be considered before the locations of smoke detectors are established.
Some typical ceiling surfaces where the use of smoke detectors should be evaluated are as
follows:
(a) Smooth ceilings. Heated air and smoke usually rise. When they reach smooth ceilings,
they travel along the ceiling. As these products flow along the ceiling, their
concentration decreases as the distance from the source increases.
(b) Other ceilings. Where deep beams or other obstructions form pockets in the ceiling,
the products collect in the pocket and, if sufficient products are being generated, will
eventually ‘spill over’ into adjacent pockets.
Sawtooth, sloping, open joist, beam construction, or other shaped ceilings must receive
special consideration as smoke usually travels in a longitudinal direction at the highest
point.
(c) High ceilings. As smoke rises from a fire, it tends to spread out on its way up in the
general form of an inverted cone. Therefore the concentration within the cone varies
approximately inversely as the square of the distance from the source.
In high ceilings, such as high rack storage warehouses, it may be necessary to install
detectors at more than one level to take advantage of the higher concentrations near
the floor to provide faster response.
For atria type constructions, smoke beams at several levels may be necessary because
of stratification (see Paragraph A4.2.4). Natural or forced ventilation assists the smoke
reaching detectors at high ceiling levels (see also Paragraph A4.2.5).
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 30
A4.2.4 Stratification. As mentioned in Paragraph A4.2.3, smoke is driven upward by the

heat from the fire source.
Smoke released from slow burning or small fires may not be hot enough to penetrate the
normally heated air which collects at the ceiling. This is especially true in warehouses with
metal roofs. During the day the air under the roof is heated by the sun, and a thermal
barrier exists which prevents the warm combustion products from reaching the ceiling. The
smoke will then stratify at a level beneath the ceiling. Generally at night this condition will
not exist. Proper protection may require detectors at two levels; one group at the ceiling
level and another some distance below the ceiling.
A4.2.5 Airflow. Smoke can be diluted by airflow caused by updraughts, open windows,
forced ventilating systems, or air-conditioning systems.
It may be necessary to conduct air circulation observation tests in a room to ensure proper
placement of detectors.
For air-conditioned facilities and others where forced ventilation is present, it is good
practice to take advantage of air currents to transport smoke to a detector. However, in
such situations, smoke dilution and high airflow may cause the detector to respond slowly.
The effects of airflow on the detector and the movement of smoke where detectors are
installed near air ducts and in air-conditioned rooms may in some cases require
repositioning of the detector.
A4.2.6 Ducts. Smoke detectors used for sensing smoke in air-handling ducts should be
installed where the best sample of smoke can be obtained. Air-sampling probes may be
necessary to achieve adequate response. Installation of air-sampling probes should be in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and tests should be conducted to
ensure satisfactory sampling of the ducted air.
A4.2.7 Special considerations. The location of smoke detectors should take into
consideration areas where false operation or non-operation is likely.
Some typical locations where the use of smoke detectors should be carefully evaluated are
as follows:
(a) Areas where gases may be present from exhausts and normal manufacturing processes.
(b) In kitchens, bathrooms, and other areas subject to cooking fumes and vapours.
(c) Near openings, such as doors, windows, or other inlets, where the introduction of
outside industrial gases or products of combustion may be possible.
(d) In areas where the detector is subject to movement and excessive vibration, in
particular where beam detectors are used.
(e) In dusty areas or in areas where particulate matter, such as aerosols, could enter the
detector.
(f) Areas subject to high velocity air currents, in particular where ionization type
detectors are used.
(g) Areas where high concentrations of tobacco smoke are expected.
A5 FLAME DETECTORS.
A5.1 Flame characteristics. Flames from most fire sources emit electromagnetic radiation
which includes an ultraviolet component, visible light, and infrared radiation in various
intensities characteristic of each particular source. Flames from sources such as petrol and
oil tend to generate greater quantities of infrared radiation, whereas gas flames and solvents
such as methylated spirits have a much higher ultraviolet component. Other sources,
particularly sunlight and building lighting, generate radiation in the same parts of the
spectrum and therefore flame detectors must be selected to discriminate flame from other
radiation sources.
A5.2 Detector characteristics. Flame (radiation) detectors are sensitive to radiation that
travels from the fire to the detector in negligible time irrespective of distance. They may
be of the ultraviolet type or infrared type and respond when the radiant energy in their
respective sensing band exceeds a preset threshold. The amount of radiation received by
the detector will be reduced, and the response time of the detector may be increased, with
increased distance from the fire. A clear line of sight to the protected area is desirable,
although reflected radiation, e.g. by mirrors, may actuate a detector with reduced
sensitivity.
In order to discriminate flames from other sources, many infrared flame detectors operate
on the ‘flicker principle’, i.e. they have a filter which only allows them to respond to
radiation pulsing around a central frequency of 5 Hz to 15 Hz which is characteristic of
many types of flames. Ultraviolet flame detectors mostly discriminate flames from sunlight
by sensing only radiation at wavelengths between 220 nm and 270 nm which is outside the
solar spectrum.
COPYRIGHT
31 AS 1670—1986
A5.3 Selection. Flame detectors should be chosen for applications where there is the
likelihood of rapid flame development so that an alarm is required before products of
combustion or heat would have reached smoke detectors or heat detectors.
The choice of infrared detectors or ultraviolet detectors or some combination will depend
on the typical radiation from the expected fire hazard and the presence of false alarm
sources in the vicinity. For example, in aircraft maintenance hangars where aviation
kerosene is a strong infrared source and welding is a potential ultraviolet false alarm
source, infrared detectors would be appropriate. Alternatively, for a store containing
solvents which burn cleanly, with a low infrared radiation component, and which is lit by
incandescent lamps (good infrared source), ultraviolet detectors should be selected. The
environment in which the detector is to be installed would also influence the choice, e.g.
contamination of lenses.
Other typical applications of flame detectors are storage tanks and pipework containing
flammable liquids, chemical processes, and large open warehouses.
A5.4 Field of view considerations. Flame detectors are essentially ‘line of sight’ devices
which can sense the presence of flames in a set field of view. This field is generally
described (see Fig. Al) by the cone of vision angle and the maximum perpendicular
sensitivity in metres, although other considerations are important.
Where a flame detector is placed at a fixed height above the floor, then a protected area,
within which a particular fire size will be detected, can be determined from the
manufacturer’s data (see Fig. A2).
The aim of designers should be to provide full coverage of the area to be protected with
maximum multiple coverage to account for any detector malfunction.
Fig. A3 shows a typical layout of four flame detectors protecting an aircraft hangar with
multiple coverage.
Fig. A1. TYPICAL FIELD OF VIEW OF FLAME DETE CTOR
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 32
Fig. A2 TYPICAL FLOOR AR EA PROTECTE D BY ONE FLAME DETECTO R
Fig. A3 MULTIPLE COVERAGE PRO VIDED BY FOUR FLAME DETECTO RS
A5.5 Spuri ous alarms. There are a number of sources of radiation which occur in
installations for which some measures of protection must be taken to prevent spurious
alarms.
For ultraviolet flame detectors, potential sources of spurious alarms include the following:
(a) Lightning, electric arcs.
(b) Cutting and welding operations.
(c) Ultraviolet lamps.
Where ultraviolet detectors must be used in these environments, appropriate shielding must
be fitted to prevent the non-flame ultraviolet radiation falling on the detector.
For infrared flame detectors, potential sources of spurious alarm include the following:
(i) Very hot objects.
(ii) Ovens/furnaces.
(iii) Sunlight.
(iv) Incandescent lamps.
COPYRIGHT
33 AS 1670—1986
Most infrared detectors use the flicker principle to guard against these sources, but, if
rotation of a fan or motor or rippling on a liquid surface causes radiation from the source
to flicker at the same frequency as a flame, a spurious alarm may occur.
Some flame detectors are fitted with a time delay to eliminate the effects of short-term
transient signals. However, where detectors are used to actuate extinguishing or high speed
suppression systems, these time delays should be eliminated or reduced considerably. An
alternative is to use dual sensor operation whereby both sensors must detect the presence
of flames before the suppression system is activated.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 34
APPENDIX B
STANDA RD FORM OF INSTALLER’S STATEMENT FOR
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
1. Name of building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Situated at . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. I/We have installed in the above building
an alteration of the system of .................
a system of (Brand Name)
4. System connected to the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fire Control Station
5. Name of nearest approved Fire Control Station ...................
6. Distance therefrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Date of connection . .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ...

8. Number of detectors in concealed spaces .......................
9. Describe any ancillary equipment installed and connected to the Control and
Indicating Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... .. ... .. . ... . ..
. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... .. ... .. . ... . ..
10. Mains supply voltage . .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .
11. Battery type and capacity . .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ..
12. Nominal battery voltage . .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .
13. Is maintenance agreement held for the system? ...................
14. Has operator’s handbook been supplied? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15. Has logbook been supplied? ................................
16. Have as-installed drawings been supplied? ......................
17. Portion of building not protected by this system ..................
. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... .. ... .. . ... . ..
. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... .. ... .. . ... . ..
. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... .. ... .. . ... . ..
COPYRIGHT
35 AS 1670—1986
CERTIFICATE
I/We hereby certify that the installation has been thoroughly tested from each activating device and that a test of
the transmission of the alarm signal to the fire control station has been satisfactorily carried out. I/We further certify
that the whole system and all appliances in connection therewith are installed entirely in accordance with the current
requirements of AS 1670, except with regard to the following details which have already been approved.*
. .. .. .. .. ... . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ... ... . ... .. ... .. .. ... . .. . ... . .. . ... . .. . ... . .. . .
. .. .. .. .. ... . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ... ... . ... .. ... .. .. ... . .. . ... . .. . ... . .. . ... . .. . .
. .. .. .. .. ... . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ... ... . ... .. ... .. .. ... . .. . ... . .. . ... . .. . ... . .. . .
Dated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Signature) . .. .. .. .. ... . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ... ... . ...
Installing Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zone of
Number and type of activating devices
protection
Number Thermal Smoke Flame

Alarm zone of Manual Other

activating call point
devices† A B C D E Ionization Optical IR UV
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Total
Number
* If no exception stri ke out the words underli ned.
† Indicate with a cross (X) adjacent to the number the alarm zones having activating devices in concealed spaces.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 36
APPENDIX C
FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS
The following symbols are those which are in common use to indicate on drawings the various items of equipment:
* If other than Type A, note B, C, D or E.

† Type of smoke detector, e.g. I = ionization, P = photo-optical.
‡ Substitute circuit number as appropriate.
COPYRIGHT
37
COPYRIGHT
Fig. C1 TYPICAL SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
AS 1670—1986
AS 1670—1986 38
APPENDIX D
COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT
THE AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
INSTALLED AT:
PREMISES
CLIENT’S NAME
* New
* Modification to system
* Addition to
* CROSS OUT THOSE NOT APPL ICABLE
Date of commissioning tests
Date of acceptance of installation
Client’s signature
Commissioning person’s signature
COPYRIGHT
39 AS 1670—1986
SYSTEM INFORMATION.
NOTES:
1. This form is to be used in conjunction with —
(a) operator’s manual;
(b) install er’s statement(s) ;
(c) as-installed drawings;
(d) detector test records,
to provide a complete descripti on of the install ed system and its tested perfor mance at the ti me of its
commissioning into service.
2. TICK OR CROSS EVERY BOX
1.0 Ensure that all detectors used in the system are —
1.1 listed in the operator’s manual;
1.2 compatible with the installed AZF particularly that the permitted
number of detectors on each circuit is not exceeded; and
1.3 installed in an environment for which they are suitable.
2.0 Check that the a.c. mains power supply for the system has been provided
in accordance with AS 3000, and that the isolating switch disconnects all
active conductors.
3.0 Detector location.
3.1 Check that detector locations provide adequate protection according
to AS 1670
4.0 Alarm zone circuit.
4.1 Measure each alarm zone circuit voltage, and current (quiescent, fault,
alarm) or other relevant circuit parameters for correct operation and
record these in the logbook.
4.2 Insulation resistance of all installation wiring measured in accordance
with AS 3000 or similar approved method and all results recorded in
the logbook.
5.0 Fault and alarm test.
5.1 Test each alarm zone facility to ensure that fault and alarm conditions
operate as required by Clause 6.1.2(e).
5.2 Confirm that all items tested in Item 5.1 above operate as required in
AS 1603.4.
6.0 FIP test.
6.1 Operate each alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset facility provided
for each alarm zone facility to determine correct operation.
6.2 Operate a.c. supply switch on and off at least five times to check the
system will not false alarm from a.c. power interruptions.
6.3 Confirm that all items tested in Items 6.1 and 6.2 above operate in
accordance with AS 1670 and AS 1603.4.
7.0 Activating device testing.
7.1 Test each installed detector or sampling point with an approved in situ
tester, and ensure that each detector has operated in the correct range,
and the alarm has indicated on the control and indicating equipment
and, if applicable, at the detector tested.
7.2 Test each installed manual call point and all other activating devices.
7.3 Confirm that response of the system does not exceed 6 s from the time
the detector operates until the master alarm facility registers the alarm
(while in normal mode) on each zone.
7.4 Confirm that all items tested in Items 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3 above comply
with AS 1670 and AS 1603.4.
8.0 Manual call points.
8.1 Check the operation of each manual call point.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1670—1986 40
9.0 For flame detectors, perform the following:

9.1 Check that there are no ‘blind’ spots in areas protected.
9.2 Check that detectors are rigidly fixed.
9.3 Check that detectors are properly connected to compatible control and
indicating equipment.
9.4 Check that detector lenses are clean and adequately protected from
dust and extraneous radiation sources where these are present.
9.5 Test the detection response to a flame source or simulated flame.
10.0 For smoke detection sampling systems, perform the following
10.1 Check all sampling points for compliance to Clause 4.3 and measure
the response time for all sampling points.
10.2 Check the back-up power supply capacity.
10.3 Check the operation of alarm settings and indicators.
10.4 Check the operation of remote indication of alarm and fault signals.
10.5 Check the operation of air flow failure indicators.
10.6 Check the operation of the system (signal) failure indicators.
10.7 Check the isolate/reset functions.
10.8 Check the fault and alarm test facilities.
10.9 Test the sampling system response to smouldering smoke at the
furthest sampling point in each branch pipe.
11.0 Ancillary functions.
11.1 Test each ancillary function by operating one or more alarm zone
facility according to design requirements.
11.2 Confirm satisfactory operation of all ancillary functions.
12.0 Alarm signalling.
12.1 Check that the master alarm facility is able to receive the alarm signal
by operating each alarm zone facility.
12.2 Confirm that the fire control station is able to receive the alarm from
the master alarm facility.
13.0 Battery supply.
13.1 Check that the battery is of suitable type and capacity complying with
the requirements of Clause 2.5.4.5.
13.2 Perform a float voltage check according to the battery manufacturer’s
recommendation to ensure that the charger type and setting is correct
for the type of battery connected.
Record the results hereunder:
13.3 Check that the power supply has sufficient rating to provide
continuous output power at least equal to the load requirements listed
in Clause 2.5.4.5.
14.0 Check that all Alarm Zone Facilities have been labelled and that the larm
zone is immediately apparent from the labelling.
15.0 Check that as-installed drawings have been correctly marked up and that
they are consistent with the installation. Check that the operator’s manual
is relevant to the installation.
16.0 Ensure that the results of the commissioning tests are recorded in the
Operator’s Manual.
COPYRIGHT
41 AS 1670—1986
ANNEX
LIST OF REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.
AS 1159 Polyethylene (Polythene) Pipe for Pressure Applications
AS 1603.1 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Systems, Part 1 — Heat Detectors*
AS 1603.4 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Systems, Part 4 — Control and
Indicating Equipment
AS 1603.6 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Systems, Part 6 — Fire Alarm Bells
AS 1668 SAA Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning Code
Part 1 — Fire Precautions in Buildings with Air-handling Systems
AS 1851 Maintenance of Fire Protection Equipment
Part 8 — Fire Detection and Alarm Systems†
AS 2036 Manually Operated Fire Alarm Call Points
AS 2053 Non-metallic Conduits and Fittings
AS 2118 SAA Code for Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems

AS 2220 Rules for Emergency Warning and Intercommunication Systems for
Buildings
AS 2484.2 Fire— Glossary of Terms — Fire Protection and Firefighting Equipment
AS 3000 SAA Wiring Rules
RELATED DOCUMENTS. Attention is drawn to the following related documents:
AS 1076 Code of Practice for Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical
Apparatus and Associated Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres
(Other Than Mining Applications)
Part 1 — Basic Requirements
AS 1603.2 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Systems,
Part 2 — Smoke Detectors†
Part 3 — Flame Detectors†
Part 5 — Manually Operated Call Points‡
AS 1829 Electrical Equipment for Explosive Atmospheres— Intrinsically Safe
Apparatus— Type of Protection i
AS 3116 Approval and Test Specification for Elastomer Insulated Electrical Cables
and Flexible Cables for Working Voltages of 0.6/1 kV
AS 3147 Approval and Test Specification for PVC Insulated Electric Cables and
Flexible Cables for Working Voltages of 0.6/1 kV
Telecom Australia 1050 Attachment of Private Equipment to the Telecommunications
Network
* Revision of AS 1603—1974 in course of preparation.

† In course of preparati on.
‡ Revision of AS 2036—1977 in course of preparation.
COPYRIGHT

As 1670-1986

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

As 1670-1986

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LICENCE

Licensee: National Fire Solutions Pty Ltd

Date: 29 Apr 2008

Conditions of use: Click here for full conditions of Licence

This is a licensed electronic copy of a publication where SAI Global Limited

International Standards on-line at www.saiglobal.com/shop

The following interests are represented on Committee FP/2:

Australian Uniform Building Regulations Coordinating Council

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 83282.

AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION

First published (as AS CA15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1961

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

E Copyright — STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

2.6 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA

SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL

SECTION 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

specified in Clause 2.5.4.3.

Fig. 2.1. TYPICAL INTERFA CE SYSTE M LAYOUT

2.3 LOCATION OF DETECTORS. 7 m apart around the perimeter of the opening. If

2.3.2.6 Air-handling systems. Detectors shall be

requirements and typical detector locations in

To prevent water entry, equipment enclosures shall be

building. transmission from more than one alarm zone

given to the protection and segregation of the fire

SECTION 3. HEAT DETECTION SYSTEMS

ceiling (see Fig.3.3); however, where the ceiling is

3.1.5 Spacing in concealed spaces requiring 3.2 LINE-TYPE SYSTEMS — TUBULAR OR

The heat-sensing portion of the line-type detection

NOTE: Detector always on side with least slope.

FIG. 3.3 (continued )

SECTION 4. SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS

Fig. 4.1 TYPICA L SMO KE DETEC TOR SPACING — FLAT CEILINGS

NOTE: Lowest row measurement taken from 800 mm height.

NOTE: Detector always on side with least slope.

Fig. 4.4 (continued )

Fig. 4.5 SMOKE DE TECTOR LOCATIONS — BELO W CEILINGS

Fig. 4.6 DESIGN CRITER IA FOR POINT-TYPE DETECTOR —

SECTION 5. FLAME DETECTION SYSTEMS

prevent the transmission of radiation from flames.

SECTION 6. COMMISSIONING AND MAINTENAN CE

(iii) Check that the detectors are rigidly fixed.

A1 INTRODUCTION. These recommendations should be applied with due regard to the

A4.2.4 Stratification. As mentioned in Paragraph A4.2.3, smoke is driven upward by the

Fig. A1. TYPICAL FIELD OF VIEW OF FLAME DETE CTOR

Fig. A2 TYPICAL FLOOR AR EA PROTECTE D BY ONE FLAME DETECTO R

Fig. A3 MULTIPLE COVERAGE PRO VIDED BY FOUR FLAME DETECTO RS

7. Date of connection . .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ...

Number Thermal Smoke Flame

Alarm zone of Manual Other

* If other than Type A, note B, C, D or E.

COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT

THE AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM

* CROSS OUT THOSE NOT APPL ICABLE

Date of commissioning tests

Date of acceptance of installation

Commissioning person’s signature

9.0 For flame detectors, perform the following:

AS 2118 SAA Code for Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems

* Revision of AS 1603—1974 in course of preparation.

You might also like