One-Sample

Tests of Hypothesis
 Definitions
Hypothesis : A statement about the value
of a population parameter developed for
the purpose of testing.
Hypothesis testing : A procedure, based on
sample evidence and probability theory,
used to determine whether the hypothesis
is a reasonable statement and should not
be rejected, or is unreasonable and should
be rejected.
 Step Procedure for
Hypothesis Testing
Step 1: State null and alternate hypotheses

Step 2: Select a level of significance

Step 3: Formulate a decision rule

Step 4: Identify and determine the test statistic based on sample data

Step 5: Make a decision/conclusion

Do not reject null Reject null and accept alternate

State Null and Alternate Hypotheses
Null Hypothesis H0 : A statement about the
value of a population parameter.
Alternative Hypothesis H1 or Ha : A
statement that is accepted if the sample
data provide evidence that the null
hypothesis is false.
State Null and Alternate Hypotheses
Ho H1 or Ha Test of Significance
1 =  Two-tailed

2  > One-tailed (right side)

=
3  < One-tailed (left side)
=
 Select a level of significance

Level of Significance : The probability of

rejecting the null hypothesis when it is
actually true.
 Type I Error () : Rejecting the null hypothesis
when it is actually true.
 Type II Error () : Accepting the null
hypothesis when it is actually false
Example: past experience of steel’s tensile strength:
mean = 10,000, SD=400 (standard of quality control). Suppose the
mean of incoming lot is really 9,900

1- α
α/2 α/2


1- 
 Select a level of significance

Researcher
Null Accepts Ho Reject Ho
Hypothesis

Ho is true Correct Type I Error

Decision ()
Ho is false Type II Error Correct
() Decision
 Formulate the Decision Rule
Critical value : The dividing point between the
region where the null hypothesis is rejected
and the region where it is not rejected.
p-Value : the probability, assuming that the
null hypothesis is true, of getting a value of
the test statistic at least as extreme as the
computed value for the test.
 If the p-value is smaller than the significance
level, H0 is rejected.
 If the p-value is larger than the significance
level, H0 is not rejected.
 Select The Test Statistic
Test statistic : A value, determined from
sample information, used to determine
whether or not to reject the null
hypothesis.
 Testing for the Population Mean
If the population standard deviation is known, the
test statistic is the standard normal distribution
and its value determined from :
X 
z
/ n
If the population standard deviation is not known,
but there are at least 30 observations in the
sample the test statistic is the standard normal
distribution and its value determined from :
X 
z
s/ n
 Testing for the Population Mean

If the population standard deviation is not

known, but there are fewer than 30
observations in the sample the test statistic
is the t distribution and its value determined
from : X 
t
s/ n
 Test Statistic for Testing
Population Proportion

ˆ P
p
Z 
P (1  P )
n
P  population proportion
ˆ  sample proportion
p
 Make a decision

Rejects Ho (Accepts H1)

Don’t reject Ho (Don’t accept H1)
 Contoh

Produsen motor memperkirakan jarak

tempuh per liter sepeda motor “X” adalah
30 km. Hasil tes thd sampel 20 sepada
motor diperoleh data rata-rata jarak
tempuh 28 km dengan standar deviasi 4
km. Lakukan pengujian dengan  = 5%
 Contoh

Pimpinan perusahaan bola lampu

berpendapat daya tahan bola lampu
merek “X” lebih dari 150 jam. Untuk
membuktikan pendapat tersebut diambil
sampel random 50 bola lampu untuk diuji.
Hasilnya rata-rata daya tahan bola lampu
tsb 155 jam dengan simpangan baku 15
jam. Dari data tersebut berilah kesimpulan
ttg pendapat tsb? Gunakan LOS 0,1.
 Contoh

Manajer produksi mengatakan tingkat

kerusakan barang kurang dari 10%. Dari
40 sampel random yang diuji, 3
diantaranya rusak. Benarkah pendapat
tersebut ? Gunakan tingkat keyakinan 5%
 Contoh

“6 dari 10 ABG di Surabaya merokok”,

demikian pendapat Sosiolog. Hasil
penelitian terhadap 100 sampel ABG,
menunjukkan 65 diantaranya merokok. Uji
pendapat tersebut dengan taraf signifikasi
7,5%