Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology, 3rd

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CHAPTER 1
INVITATION TO BIOLOGY

Answer: c
Multiple-Choice Questions Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
IMPACT, ISSUES: THE SECRET LIFE OF
EARTH
E 1. In 2005, a team of explorers found that an
Indonesian cloud forest
a. was home to unknown animals.
b. was home to unknown plants.
c. was home to species that were thought to
be extinct.
d. contained swampy areas covered with
moss.
e. was home to all of these.
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
E 2. Recent expeditions into an Indonesian cloud
forest revealed the presence of
a. a frog the size of a pea.
b. a cat-sized rat.
c. a mouse-sized opossum.
d. plants that had plate-size flowers.
e. all of these.
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
M 3. It is thought that about __________ species
become extinct every minute in rain forests.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
e. 25
Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

LIFE’S LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

M 4. Nature is every __________ and __________in
the universe except what humans have
__________.
a. ion; macromolecule; genetically
engineered
b. substance; macromolecule; modified
c. substance; energy; manufactured
d. animal; plant; domesticated
e. form of life; nonliving thing; cultivated

Invitation to Biology 1
D 5. Which of the following schemas represent the E 9. Which of the following molecules are
most accurate organization of life? molecules of life?
a. biosphere  ecosystems  communities I. carbohydrates
 populations  organisms  cells  II. lipids and proteins
molecules  atoms III. nucleic acids
b. ecosystems  biosphere  communities a. I only
 populations  organisms  cells  b. I and II
molecules  atoms c. I and III
c. ecosystems  biosphere  communities d. II and III
 organisms  populations  cells  e. I, II, and III
molecules  atoms Answer: e
d. communities  biosphere  organisms Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
 ecosystems  populations  cells  M 10. Animal cells may be organized as __________,
molecules  atoms __________, and organ __________.
e. communities  biosphere  organisms a. systems; organs; tissues
 ecosystems  populations  b. organs; tissues; systems
molecules  atoms  cells c. tissues; organs; systems
Answer: a d. organs; limbs; tissues
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis e. limbs; organs; tissues
M 6. Which of the following organization levels is Answer: c
the most inclusive? Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
a. population E 11. A population is composed of individuals of
b. community a. the same species.
c. cell b. two different species.
d. atom c. three different species.
e. molecule d. four different species.
Answer: b e. more than four different species.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Answer: a
M 7. Which of the following statements are Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
accurate? D 12. Living organisms are members of all of the
a. A cell is the lowest level of structure that levels listed below. However, rocks can only
can perform all functions essential for life. be components of
b. A cell is the basic unit of structure and a. the community.
function of an organism. b. the population.
c. Cells are subunits of animals and plants. c. the ecosystem.
d. Cells contain molecules that are d. the biosphere.
themselves made up of atoms. e. both the ecosystem and the biosphere.
e. All of these are accurate. Answer: e
Answer: e Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Analysis
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
D 13. A(n) __________ property is a characteristic of
M 8. An ecosystem such as a woodland in Central a system that does not appear in any of its
Park (New York) is made up of component parts.
a. plants, animals and fungi. a. efferent
b. organisms and nonliving things. b. emergent
c. rocks and minerals. c. elective
d. plants, protozoa, and fungi. d. energetic
e. all of these. e. living
Answer: b Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

2 Chapter One
D 14. In a living system, an emergent property M 19. The dynamics of an ecosystem depends on two
appears the first time at the level of the main processes:
a. cell. a. the cycling of energy and the
b. tissue. unidirectional flow of nutrients.
c. organ. b. the unidirectional flow of energy and the
d. organ system. cycling of nutrients.
e. organism. c. the multidirectional flow of both energy
Answer: a and nutrients.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Analysis d. the unidirectional flow of both energy and
nutrients.
e. the cycling of both energy and nutrients.
OVERVIEW OF LIFE’S UNITY Answer: b
D 15. Which of the following characteristics are Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
shared by all living organisms? D 20. Which of the following statements is NOT
I. organization into cell and need of correct?
energy a. All plants are producers.
II. adaptation and metamorphosis b. All animals are consumers.
III. need of nutrients and reproduction c. Fungi are detritivores.
a. I and II d. Some bacteria are producers.
b. I and III e. None of these are correct.
c. II and III Answer: a
d. I, II, and III Bloom’s
e. III only Taxonomy:
Answer: b Knowledge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
M 21. About
E 16. Which of the following is true about energy? twelve
a. Energy is used by nonliving systems. to
b. Energy is used by all living systems.
c. Energy is the capacity to do work.
d. Energy is found within molecules of life.
e. All of these are true.
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
E 17. All living organisms can be classified into
__________ categories.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4 twenty-four hours after the previous meal, a
e. 5 person’s blood-sugar level normally varies
Answer: b from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge blood, though it may rise to 130 mg per 100 ml
after meals high in carbohydrates. That the
M 18. All organisms fit into one of the two following blood-sugar level is maintained within a fairly
categories. narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is
a. consumers and decomposers due to the body’s ability to carry out
b. producers and decomposers a. adaptation.
c. producers and consumers b. inheritance.
d. scavengers and detritivores c. metabolism.
e. none of these d. homeostasis.
Answer: c e. all of these.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Application/Evaluation
D 22. Nonliving entities do NOT possess
a. energetic interactions.
b. deoxyribonucleic acid.
c. atoms.

Invitation to Biology 3
 d. elements.
M 23. Energy sources are needed for which of the
e. any of these.
following processes?
Answer: b
I. reproduction
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Analysis
II. growth
III. development
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II only
d. II and III
e. I, II, and III
Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
M 24. The DNA molecule is most similar functionally
to a
a. pair of scissors.
b. flash light battery.
c. computer memory chip.
d. ballpoint pen.
e. craft kit of ceramic tiles.
Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
E 25. On the illustration, “A” and “B” should be
labeled respectively
a. consumers; producers.
b. decomposers; producers.
c. producers; decomposers.
d. producers; consumers.
e. none of these.
Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

4 Chapter One
INTRODUCTION TO LIFE’S DIVERSITY Please, refer to figures I, II, and III to answer questions 31-
32.
E 26. Each new organism discovered by biologists is
given a scientific name. That scientific name
consists of which of the following?
I. family name
II. genus name
III. species name
a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. I and II
e. II and III
Answer: e I II
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Synthesis

E 27. __________ and __________ names are

always italicized.
a. family; genus
b. genus; species
c. family; species
d. division; species
e. division; family
Answer: b III
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge M 31. Organisms in figure I and II belong to the
E 28. The plural for genus is domain(s) of
a. genus. a. prokaryotes and plantae respectively.
b. geni. b. archaea.
c. genera. c. archaea and plantae respectively.
d. gena. d. eukarya.
e. genae. e. bacteria and eukarya respectively.
Answer: c Answer: e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Application
E 29. In Panthera leo, Panthera represents the name M 32. Organisms in figure II and III belong to
of the __________ while leo represents the domain(s) of
name of the __________. a. eukarya.
a. family; species. b. archaea.
b. family; genus. c. bacteria.
c. genus; species. d. plantae and animalia respectively.
d. species; genus. e. bacteria and eukarya respectively.
e. genus; family. Answer: a
Answer: c Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Application
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Application E 33. Members of what group are multicellular
E 30. All known species can be grouped into three producers?
domains: a. animalia
a. prokaryotes, bacteria, and eukarya. b. protista
b. prokaryotes, archaea, and eukarya. c. fungi
c. plantae, bacteria, and archaea. d. plantae
d. bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. e. none of these
e. bacteria, archaea, and protista. Answer: d
Answer: d Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Invitation to Biology 5
E 34. Which of the following groups are made up E 39. Science is based on
almost exclusively of decomposers? a. faith.
a. plantae b. authority.
b. fungi c. evidence.
c. animalia d. forces.
d. monera e. consensus.
e. protista Answer: c
Answer: b Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
E 40. The validities of scientific discoveries
E 35. Plants perform photosynthesis by using the CANNOT be based on
energy of __________ to power production of a. morality.
sugars from __________ and __________ b. aesthetics.
molecules. c. philosophy.
a. organic molecules; oxygen; water d. economics.
b. organic molecules; carbon dioxide; water e. any of these.
c. sunlight; carbon dioxide and oxygen; Answer: e
water Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension/Analysis
d. sunlight; oxygen; water
e. sunlight; carbon dioxide; water HOW SCIENCE WORKS
Answer: e M 41. Which of the following words describes a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
tentative explanation to a given question?
M 36. Select the INCORRECT sentence. a. law
a. Animals grow and develop through a b. theory
series of stages that lead to adult form. c. hypothesis
b. Animals ingest tissues or juices of other d. fact
organisms. e. principle
c. All known plants produce their own food. Answer: c
d. Most bacteria feed on other organisms. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. All fungi secrete enzymes that digest food. E 42. In order to verify a hypothesis, scientists
Answer: c a. perform experiments.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
b. consider facts.
c. establish law.
THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
d. develop theories.
E 37. Critical thinking implies e. make predictions.
a. being aware of bias. Answer: a
b. deciding whether ideas are based on Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
opinion or evidence. M 43. What is the right sequence of events applied in
c. judging information before accepting it. the scientific method?
d. considering what you want to believe. a. question; hypothesis; observation; data;
e. all of the these. test; conclusion
Answer: e b. observation; hypothesis; question; data;
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
test; conclusion
E 38. Science c. observation; hypothesis; question; test;
a. is the systematic study of nature. data; conclusion
b. limits to what is observable. d. observation; question; hypothesis; test;
c. requires quantification. data; conclusion
d. does not address subjective questions. e. question; hypothesis; data; observation;
e. is all of these. test; conclusion
Answer: e Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Analysis

6 Chapter One
M 44. Which represents the lowest degree of M 49. An experimental group is a group of
certainty? individuals that
a. hypothesis a. has received an approval from the FDA.
b. conclusion b. always supports predictions.
c. fact c. is exposed to a certain treatment.
d. principle d. is used as reference.
e. theory e. is responsible for observations.
Answer: a Answer: c
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
M 45. Which represents the highest degree of M 50. A control group
certainty? a. receives the same treatment as the
a. hypothesis experimental group.
b. fact b. is an untreated group of individuals or
c. principle subjects.
d. prediction c. is sometimes exposed to harsh conditions.
e. theory d. is often an unnecessary waste of material.
Answer: d e. is not subjected to experimental error.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
E 46. Experimental procedures
I. are ways to collect data M 51. As a result of experimentation,
II. are ways to test a hypothesis a. more hypotheses may be developed.
III. involve use of a model b. more questions may be asked.
a. I only c. a new biological principle could emerge.
b. II only d. an entire theory may be modified or
c. I, II, and III discarded.
d. II and III e. all of these may occur.
e. III only Answer: e
Answer: c Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Application
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
M 52. The control in an experiment
M 47. A scientific theory a. makes the experiment valid.
a. is widely accepted and supported by b. is an additional replicate for statistical
several evidences. purposes.
b. is widely accepted but not necessarily c. reduces the experimental errors.
supported by several evidences. d. minimizes experimental inaccuracy.
c. is sometimes accepted and supported by e. allows a mixed group of comparisons
several evidences. among different organisms for the
d. is sometimes accepted and not necessarily experimental group.
supported by several evidences. Answer: e
e. is always a “truth.” Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
Answer: a M 53. In the experiment with peacock butterflies the
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
working hypothesis is that
a. mimicry confuses both predator and prey.
THE POWER OF EXPERIMENTS
b. mimicry protects butterflies from being
E 48. Scientists perform __________ in order to eaten by predatory birds.
__________ a given __________. c. birds are capable of learning.
a. experiments; test; hypothesis. d. birds are agents of evolution.
b. tests; experiment; law. e. unpalatable species display distinctive
c. tests; experiment; variable. wings.
d. facts; test; variable. Answer: b
e. hypotheses; try; experiment. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
Answer: a
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Invitation to Biology 7
M 54. The variable(s) in the butterfly experiment M 59. All of the following elements are enclosed in
is(are) the the biosphere EXCEPT
a. butterfly wings pattern color. a. mountains.
b. butterfly species. b. waters.
c. butterfly wings pattern color and sounds c. atmosphere surrounding living organisms.
emitted. d. space.
d. rainforest region used. e. earth’s crust.
e. percentage of survivors. Answer: d
Answer: c Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Analysis
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
D 60. Which of the following would NOT be
M 55. How did the control group differ from the characteristic of living organisms?
experimental group in the butterfly a. complex structural organization
experiment? b. dependence on other organisms for energy
a. They were different species. and nutrients
b. Their native habitat of the forest differed. c. capacity to reproduce
c. They were spotless and soundless. d. uniformity of size and form
d. They tasted worse. e. capacity to change
e. They preferred different flowers species. Answer: d
Answer: c Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension/Analysis
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis
M 61. Which of the following do NOT depend
M 56. In the study with peacock butterflies, the directly on sunlight for energy?
number of survivors in each case represents the I. producers
a. statistics. II. consumers
b. basis of comparison. III. decomposers
c. conclusion. a. I only
d. report. b. II and III
e. result. c. II only
Answer: e d. III only
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis e. I and III
D 57. A result is statistically significant if Answer: b
a. it is unlikely to have occurred by chance. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
b. it is likely to have occurred by chance. D 62. Which of the following statements is NOT
c. it is likely to have occurred in 50% of the correct about bacteria?
cases. a. Bacteria are always single-celled
d. it is consistent with predictions. organisms.
e. it is widely accepted. b. All bacteria are prokaryotes.
Answer: a c. The DNA of bacteria is often enclosed
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension/Analysis within a nucleus.
d. Some bacteria can live in extreme
Selecting the Exception environments.
e. Some bacteria are producers while others
are consumers.
D 58. Which of the following statements IS NOT true Answer: c
about biology? Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
a. Biology is the scientific study of life.
D 63. All of the following statements are true about
b. Biology involves identification of new
eukaryotes, EXCEPT
species.
a. eukaryotes have a nucleus.
c. Biology has several subdiciplines
b. eukaryotes are similar to prokaryotes at a
including paleontology and geophysics.
molecular level.
d. Biology strives to understand interspecific
c. eukaryotes are sometimes unicellular
and intraspecific interactions.
organisms.
e. Biology tries to understand the scope of
d. eukaryotes are similar to prokaryotes at a
life.
structural level.
Answer: c
e. eukaryotes include plants, fungi, and
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
protists.
Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension

8 Chapter One
E 64. All of the following are domains of life
EXCEPT
Matching Questions
a. animalia.
b. bacteria. D 68-74. Match the following letters to the number
c. archaea. with which they best correspond.
d. eukarya. a. Consumer, b. Receptor, c. Homeostasis, d.
e. none of these. Deoxyribonucleic acid, e. Growth, f. Development, g.
Answer: a Reproduction
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension 68. ____ Set of processes by which an organism
keeps its internal conditions within
M 65. Which of the following is NOT used in the
tolerable range
development of science?
69. ____ Multistep process by which the first cell of
a. evaluation of data
a new individual becomes a multicelled
b. personal conviction
adult
c. prediction
70. ____ Process by which parents produce
d. systematic observation
offspring
e. experiments
71. ____ Organism that obtains energy and carbon
Answer: b
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension/Analysis source by feeding on other organisms
72 . ____ Molecule that carries hereditary
E 66. All of the following will strengthen a theory information in an organism
EXCEPT 73. ____ Increase in the number, size, and volume
a. repetitions of experiments. of cells in multicelled species
b. increased observations. 74. ____ Molecule or structure that can respond to a
c. time. form of stimulation
d. faith. Answers: 68. c, 69. f, 70. g, 71. a, 72. d, 73. e, 74. b
e. confirmation by many scientists. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge
Answer: d
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge D 75-83. Match the following letters to the number
with which they best correspond
D 67. Which of the following statements is NOT a. Observation
correct about sampling error? b. Hypothesis
a. Repeating an experiment many times has c. Prediction
the same effect on sampling error as d. Experiment,
working on a large sample. e. Control group
b. A large sample would help minimize f. Experimental group
sampling error. g. Variable
c. Sampling error is increased when a sample h. Assess results
size is small. i. Conclusion
d. A sampling error results from a mistake 75. ____ People who eat potato chips with Olestra
made by a researcher during will be more likely to get intestinal cramps
experimentation. than those who eat potato chips made
e. Sampling error is the difference between without Olestra.
results derived from testing an entire group 76. ____ Olestra.
of individuals, and results derived from 77. ____ Percentages are about equal. Therefore,
testing of a subset of the group. Olestra is not the cause of intestinal
Answer: d cramps observed in some people who have
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension/Analysis ingested Olestra-containing food.
78. ____ Olestra causes intestinal cramps.
79. ____ A set of people got regular potato chips.
80. ____ 1,100 people between the ages of thirteen
and thirty-eight were asked to watch a
movie and eat potato chips.
81. ____ Some people complained of intestinal
problems after eating chips containing
Olestra.
82. ____ A subset of people got Olestra-containing
chips.

Invitation to Biology 9
 83. ____ In the control group, 17.6% of people get Answer questions 94-103 in reference to life’s diversity.
cramps later, while in the experimental Choose only the most correct answer.
group, 15.8% of people get cramps later. a. archaea
Answers: 75. c, 76. g, 77. i, 78. b, 79. e, 80. d, 81. a, 82. f. b. prokaryotes
83. h c. eukaryotes
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application/Synthesis d. plants
e. fungi
f. animals
Classification Questions g. protists

Answer questions 84-93 in reference to the levels of M 94. Along with bacteria, they belong to the
organization of life. Choose only the most correct answer. category of organisms lacking a true nucleus.
a. organisms E 95. Most of them are “self-feeders.”
b. living cells
c. molecules E 96. Herbivores are part of this group of organisms.
d. biosphere
M 97. Their genetic material is not enclosed within a
e. ecosystem
membranous sac.
f. organs
g. tissues E 98. Mushrooms belong to this group.
E 84. Squirrels, frogs, rocks, and streams are part of M 99. These contain a nucleus and numerous
it. membrane-bound organelles.
M 85. Several of these associate together to form D 100. These are able to colonize extreme
organs. environments such as boiling, sulfur-clogged
M 86. These structures are highly specialized in lakes.
function. E 101. Through a series of reactions, they transform
D 87. These are found in both eukaryotic and light energy into chemical energy.
prokaryotic cells. E 102. Cadavers and other dead organisms or dead
E 88. These are the smallest units of an organism that tissues are their main source of food.
are able to perform all functions of life. D 103. At a structural level, these are the simplest kind
M 89. These are more inclusive than cells but less of eukaryote.
than organs. Answers: 94. a, 95. d, 96. f, 97. b, 98. e, 99. c, 100. b, 101.
d, 102. e, 103. g
D 90. This represents all ecosystems on earth. Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Application/Synthesis
D 91. These make the molecules of life.
E 92. A zebra in the Bronx zoo is one of them.
D 93. A one-way flow of energy and cycling of
nutrients is essential for its dynamic.
Answers: 84. e, 85. g, 86. f, 87. c, 88. b, 89. f, 90. d, 91. b,
92. a, 93. e
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Application/Synthesis

10 Chapter One