Test Bank for Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, 13th Edition, Cecie Starr, Ralph Tag

Test Bank for Biology: The Unity and Diversity of

Life, 13th Edition, Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart,
Christine Evers, ISBN-10: 1111425698, ISBN-13:
9781111425692

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CHAPTER 10—GENE CONTROL

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Between You and Eternity DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
1. A radical mastectomy involves the removal of
a. any breast tumor. Switching Genes on and Off
b. a benign breast tumor.
c. a malignant breast tumor. 4. Regulatory elements in gene control interact
d. a breast, all lymph nodes under the arm, with
and skeletal muscles in the chest wall under a. new polypeptide chains.
the breast. b. DNA.
e. both breasts. c. RNA.
ANS: D PTS: 1 d. final proteins.
DIF: Easy e. all of these.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ANS: E PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

5. Which of the following statements is(are) true

concerning promoters?
a. They are short sequences in DNA.
b. They are locations in DNA where
regulatory proteins gather.
c. They control transcription.
d. They are associated with specific genes.
e. All of these are true.
ANS: E PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis

2.Which letter in the above figure represents breast 6. Differentiation is the process by which cells
cancer? a. mature into larger cells.
a. A b. change from one type of muscle to another.
b. B c. allows cells to change to fix injuries.
c. both A and B d. turn on all the genomic genes.
d. neither A or B e. become specialized by turning on some
e. this is prostate tissue genes and turning off others.
ANS: B PTS: 1 ANS: E PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension | OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
7. Which of the following causes DNA to wrap
3. When cells stop responding to normal controls tightly around histones essentially preventing
over growth and division they transcription?
a. begin to form a tumor. a. methylation
b. produce a malignancy. b. acetyl CoA
c. start to die. c. nitrogenation
d. kill surrounding cells. d. dehydration
e. produce scar tissue. e. carbonation
ANS: A PTS: 1 ANS: A PTS: 1

Gene Control 79
 DIF: Moderate 12. The rate at which mRNA is processed by
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge ribosomes is an example of
a. transcriptional control.
8. Adding acetyl groups makes genes accessible b. transcript processing control.
to transcription by c. transport control.
a. increasing the pH of the cell. d. translational control.
b. making histones loosen their grip on the e. post-translational control.
DNA molecule. ANS: D PTS: 1
c. modifying the nucleotides of the promoter DIF: Difficult
region of the DNA molecule. OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
d. enhancing the activity of RNA polymerase.
e. enhancing the development of a DNA-RNA 13. Post-translational controls of gene expression
hybrid. include
ANS: B PTS: 1 a. activation of enzymes.
DIF: Moderate b. inhibition of enzymes.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge c. stabilization of enzymes.
d. allosteric enzyme control.
9. Transcription factors include all of the e. all of these.
following EXCEPT ANS: E PTS: 1
a. activators. DIF: Easy
b. repressors. OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
c. enhancers.
d. translational factors. Master Genes
e. none of these.
ANS: D PTS: 1 14. Cell differentiation accounts for cells of an
DIF: Moderate organism becoming different in
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension | a. composition.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis b. structure.
c. function.
10. Nuclear pore complexes allow RNA transcripts d. development.
to pass to the cytoplasm only when the e. all of these.
transcripts ANS: E PTS: 1
a. are bound to specific proteins. DIF: Easy
b. are small enough. OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
c. are attached to fat soluble molecules.
d. contain specific introns. 15. Homeotic genes generally control
e. are attached to ribosome subunits a. X chromosome inactivation.
manufactured in the nucleus. b. mapping the basic body plan.
ANS: A PTS: 1 c. hormone synthesis.
DIF: Difficult d. dosage compensation.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension e. none of these.
ANS: B PTS: 1
11. The conversion of proteins by the removal of a DIF: Moderate
portion of polypeptide chain is an example of OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. transcriptional control.
b. transcript processing control.
c. transport control.
d. translational control.
e. post-translational control.
ANS: E PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

80 Chapter 10
16. In knockout experiments, Examples of Gene Control in Eukaryotes
a. genes are added to chromosomes.
b. normal genes are replaced physically by 20. X chromosome inactivation results in the
mutated genes. a. total inactivation of both X chromosomes.
c. genes are mutated or deleted to prevent b. inactivation of only the paternal X
their transcription or translation. chromosome.
d. mRNAs are prevented from attaching to c. inactivation of only the maternal X
ribosomes. chromosome.
e. the protein products of specific genes are d. inactivation of either the paternal X
inactivated. chromosome or the maternal X
ANS: C PTS: 1 chromosome.
DIF: Easy e. nonrandom inactivation of X chromosomes
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge in the initial cells of tissues.
ANS: D PTS: 1
17. Researchers tend to name genes based on what DIF: Moderate
happens in their absence. The tinman gene in OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Drosophila results in flies
a. without hearts. 21. A mammalian female's
b. with nonjointed legs. a. cells usually have multiple Barr bodies.
c. with a thick exoskeleton. b. body is a mosaic for the X-linked traits she
d. with rust colored eyes. inherits.
e. without brains. c. Barr bodies are active in some cells.
ANS: A PTS: 1 d. Barr bodies are produced after puberty.
DIF: Easy e. X-linked recessive genes are always
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge expressed because of the deactivation of an
X chromosome in each cell.
18. The products of genes that are switched on in ANS: B PTS: 1
specific tissues at specific stages of DIF: Moderate
development affect mainly OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
a. gene replication.
b. gene transcription. 22. The mosaic effect of X inactivation in human
c. mRNA transcript processing. females can be observed in
d. translation. a. skin color.
e. post-translational processing of proteins. b. hair color.
ANS: B PTS: 1 c. fingernails.
DIF: Moderate d. distribution of sweat glands.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension e. all of these.
ANS: E PTS: 1
19. Genes located in cells in different regions of DIF: Easy
the body during embryonic development may OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
a. be turned on and off.
b. never be turned on. 23. Which of the following statements is false
c. be turned on and left on. concerning X chromosome inactivation?
d. be activated for only a short time in one cell a. It is an accident of evolution.
and a long time in another cell. b. It is an example of dosage compensation.
e. do all of these. c. It is a gene control mechanism.
ANS: E PTS: 1 d. Normal development of female embryos
DIF: Moderate depends on it.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge e. It does not occur in males.
ANS: A PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension |
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis

Gene Control 81
24. In the ABC model of flower development in Examples of Gene Control in Prokaryotes
Arabidopsis thaliana, sepals form when
gene(s) ____ is(are) switched on. 28. Repressor proteins
a. A a. prevent binding of RNA polymerase to
b. A and B DNA.
c. B and C b. cause the DNA regions that contain the
d. C operator to twist or loop.
e. A and B and C c. inactivate operon genes when their products
ANS: A PTS: 1 are not required.
DIF: Difficult d. bind to sets of operators.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension | e. do all of these.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation ANS: E PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
25. Mutation of the A group gene in Arabidopsis OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
thaliana affects development in its flower's
a. first whorl only. 29. The obvious advantage of the lactose operon is
b. second whorl only. that
c. third whorl only. a. it allows bacteria to survive in the presence
d. first and second whorls. of lactose.
e. second and third whorls. b. lactose-metabolizing enzymes need not be
ANS: D PTS: 1 made when lactose is not present.
DIF: Difficult c. it enables bacteria to make lactose only in
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application the presence of the proper enzymes.
d. it negates the need for milk in the diet of
26. Mutation of the B group gene in Arabidopsis adult humans.
thaliana affects development in its flower's e. it enables glucose to substitute for lactose
a. first whorl only. in the diet of lactose intolerant persons.
b. second whorl only. ANS: B PTS: 1
c. third whorl only. DIF: Easy
d. first and second whorls. OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. second and third whorls.
ANS: E PTS: 1 30. In prokaryotes, most of the control of gene
DIF: Difficult expression is at the ____ level.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application a. transcriptional
b. transcript processing
27. Mutation of the C group gene in Arabidopsis c. transport
thaliana produces flowers that d. translational
a. are sterile. e. post-translational
b. have no carpels. ANS: A PTS: 1
c. have no stamens. DIF: Moderate
d. have a profusion of petals. OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
e. are all of these.
ANS: E PTS: 1 31. Which of the following accounts for the
DIF: Difficult negative control of operons?
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application a. promoters
b. repressors
c. structural genes
d. operators
e. all of these
ANS: B PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

82 Chapter 10
 32. The promotion of the lactose operon in 35. Repressors
bacteria is a. bind to operators.
a. activated by a repressor protein. b. lie between operators.
b. independent of glucose concentration. c. lie between promoters.
c. activated by t lactose binding. d. lie after operators.
d. regulated by RNA polymerase. e. are part of an operon.
e. none of these. ANS: A PTS: 1
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
DIF: Difficult OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
36. Which of the following is the binding site for
RNA polymerase on the DNA molecule?
a. structural gene 1
b. repressor gene
c. promoter sequence
d. operator sequence
e. region between an operator and the first
structural gene
ANS: C PTS: 1
DIF: Moderate
The following questions refer to the figure OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
above.
Epigenetics
33. The figure illustrates
a. repression of the lactose operon. 37. A gene can be silenced by the addition of what
b. promotion of the lactose operon. to a nucleotide?
c. formation of a repressor molecule. a. -CH3
d. attachment of lactose to DNA. b. -COOH
e. all of these. c. -OH
ANS: A PTS: 1 d. -NH2
DIF: Moderate e. -PO4-3
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension | ANS: A PTS: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
34. The prokaryote operon model explains gene
regulation at the level of 38. A low number of methyl groups is associated
a. replication. with:
b. transcription. a. cancer.
c. transcript processing. b. famine.
d. transcript transport. c. chemicals in cigarette smoke.
e. translation. d. cancer and famine.
ANS: B PTS: 1 e. all of these.
DIF: Moderate ANS: D PTS: 1
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

MATCHING

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.

a. a condensed X chromosome
b. protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c. attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription

Gene Control 83
 d. portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e. gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f. genes controlling the development of the body plan
g. the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h. binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
39. Barr body 43. oncogene
40. histone 44. BRCA1
41. promoter 45. enhancer
42. homeotic genes 46. repressor protein

39. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
40. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
41. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
42. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
43. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
44. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
45. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
46. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.

a. influences the amount and kinds of mRNA assembled from structural genes
b. snipping out of transcript regions; chemical modification of transcript before it arrives at
ribosome control
c. nuclear envelope selectively regulates passage of transcripts
d. phosphorylation of translated protein
e. for example, the interior environmental pH determines whether a protein can act as a cell
catalyst
47. control over enzyme activity 50. transcriptional control
48. transcript processing 51. transport control
49. post-translational control

47. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
48. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
49. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
50. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
51. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

84 Chapter 10
 Classification. Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a. operon d. lactose
b. operator e. regulator gene
c. promoter
52. This item contains regulator, promoter, and operator regions.
53. A repressor protein can shut down transcription by binding to this item.
54. This item codes for the production of a repressor.
55. When the repressor is inactivated, RNA polymerase can bind to this item and allow transcription to
occur.
56. The product of this item can inactivate a gene.

52. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge MSC: Classification
53. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge MSC: Classification
54. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge MSC: Classification
55. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge MSC: Classification
56. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge MSC: Classification

SHORT ANSWER

57. As cell lineages use varying subsets of genes during development, they become specialized through a
process called __________.

ANS: differentiation PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

58. In female mammals, most genes on one of the two X chromosomes are permanently inaccessible, and
this phenomenon is called __________.

ANS: X chromosome inactivation PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

59. Knockout experiments involving __________ genes in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) revealed
local controls over gene expression.

ANS: homeotic PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

60. The __________ governs expression of three genes active in lactose metabolism.

ANS: lactose operon PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

61. What is the most efficient way to regulate gene expression from the perspective of cellular resources?

ANS:

Gene Control 85
Test Bank for Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, 13th Edition, Cecie Starr, Ralph Tag

From a cellular resource perspective, the best way to regulate gene expression is to prevent
transcription. Any energy put into producing a gene is wasted if the gene is product is not ultimately
expressed and useful. Therefore, it is best to prevent gene expression at the first possible step,
transcription, in order to save cellular resources.

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

TOP: SWITCHING GENES ON AND OFF

62. A mythical mutation is in fruit flies is called hairless gene. What would you suspect the homeotic
gene is in control of?

ANS:
Where homeotic genes are concerned, mutations are typically named for what they control based on
what is missing if they are knocked out. Therefore, one would suspect the hairless gene is responsible
for hair production

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

TOP: MASTER GENES

63. Why is SRY considered to be a master gene?

ANS:
SRY is one of 78 genes found on the Y chromosome. It is responsible for the development of testes,
the products of which produce male secondary sexual characteristics. If the SRY gene is mutated, the
developing embryo will appear female and develop female sexual features.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

TOP: EXAMPLES OF GENE CONTROL IN EUKARYOTES

64. Explain why grandsons of boys who survived a famine lived longer than grandsons of boys who did
not experience the famine?

ANS:
There are many elements to consider in this question. One, famine is known to alter methylation
patterns which in turn alter gene expression. Two, methylation effects are known to be passed to
subsequent generations to some extent. Three, methylation patterns are known to often be sex-limited.
Thus, it appears the methylation pattern acquired by these boys altered gene expression in a way that
benefitted lifespan and was passed to male descendants.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

TOP: EPIGENETICS

86 Chapter 10

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