Test Bank For Biology The Essentials 3rd Edition

Test Bank for Biology: The Essentials 3rd Edition
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Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)
Chapter 5 Photosynthesis
1) Of the following organisms, which one does not use photosynthesis to convert CO2 and water
into glucose?
A) algae
B) oak trees
C) humans
D) some bacteria
E) a flowering plant
Answer: C
Explanation: Please see section 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.01
Topic: Photosynthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.;
05.00.01 Explain how photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2) Photosynthesis
A) is not dependent on chlorophyll.
B) does not involve oxidation-reduction reactions.
C) produces water and carbon dioxide.
D) produces glucose and oxygen.
E) No answer is correct.
Answer: D
Explanation: Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen gas and glucose.
Please see section 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.01
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Draw and describe the net reaction in photosynthesis.; 05.00.01
Explain how photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy.
1
Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
3) The reactions of photosynthesis are summarized as
A) 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2.
B) 6CO + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O.
C) 12CO2 + 6H2O C12H12O6 + 6H2O.
D) 6CO + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2.
E) No answer is correct.
Answer: E
Explanation: Many water molecules and carbon dioxide molecules are needed to produce one
glucose. Please see section 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.01
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Draw and describe the net reaction in photosynthesis.
4) Reactants in a chemical reaction are the molecules that are assembled together or broken
down to form products. The reactants in photosynthesis are
A) oxygen and glucose.
B) water and carbon dioxide.
C) chlorophyll and oxygen.
D) glucose and water.
E) glucose and oxygen.
Answer: B
Explanation: Carbon dioxide and water are the starting chemicals in photosynthesis. Please see
section 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.01
2
5) The main product of photosynthesis used by plants for food is
A) glucose.
B) oxygen.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) chlorophyll.
E) sunlight.
Answer: A
Section: 05.01
6) Photosynthesis provides ________ in the atmosphere that support(s) much of the life on earth.
A) organic compounds
B) carbon dioxide
C) chlorophyll
D) oxygen
E) sunlight
Answer: D
Explanation: Most living things need oxygen to survive, and that oxygen is derived from
photosynthesis. Please see section 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.01
Learning Outcome: 05.01.02 Draw and describe the net reaction in photosynthesis.
3
7) The primary pigment molecule needed for photosynthesis is
A) sunlight.
B) oxygen.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) glucose.
E) chlorophyll a.
Answer: E
Explanation: Chlorophyll a is a green pigment which colors leaves. Please see section 5.2 for
more information.
Section: 05.02
Topic: Photosynthesis; Light Reactions
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.
8) The energy source for photosynthesis is

A) oxygen.
B) sunlight.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) chlorophyll.
E) glucose.
Answer: B
Explanation: The light that drives photosynthesis comes naturally from the sun. Please see
Section: 05.02
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.; 05.00.01 Explain how
photosynthetic organisms convert light energy to chemical energy.
4
9) Which does not usually increase in overall abundance as a result of photosynthesis?
A) nitrogen
B) glucose
C) sunlight
D) ATP
E) oxygen
Answer: D
Explanation: ATP is involved in photosynthesis, but all that is made as a result of the light
reactions is usually used up during the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.4 for more
information.
Section: 05.04
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.04.01 Compare and contrast the light and carbon reactions of
photosynthesis.
10) Organisms that gain energy by consuming preexisting organic molecules are called
A) heterotrophs.
B) autotrophs.
C) animorphs.
D) plants.
E) None of the answer choices are correct.
Answer: A
Explanation: Heterotrophs cannot use the energy of sunlight to reduce carbon for themselves
and must consume what ultimately came from a photosynthetic organism. Please see section 5.1
for more information.
Section: 05.01
Learning Outcome: 05.01.01 Explain the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems.
5
11) Organisms that make their own organic compounds from inorganic substances are called
A) animals.
B) animorphs.
C) heterotrophs.
D) autotrophs.
Answer: D
Explanation: Photosynthetic organisms produce their own organic compounds from carbon
dioxide. Please see section 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.01
12) If you were asked to sort cards into drawers, a drawer marked "Packets of Light" would
receive cards referring to
A) photons.
B) protons.
C) electrons.
D) lasers.
E) grana.
Answer: A
Explanation: Light arrives for photosynthesis in discrete packets called photons. Please see
Section: 05.02
Bloom's: 3. Apply
6
13) In algae and plants, photosynthesis takes place in the
A) chloroplast.
B) mitochondrion.
C) ribosome.
D) nucleus.
E) lysosome.
Answer: A
Explanation: The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in the chloroplasts. Please see
Section: 05.03
Topic: Photosynthesis; Chloroplasts
Learning Outcome: 05.03.01 Describe the structures in a leaf that are involved in
photosynthesis.
14) The ________, in the chloroplast, contains photosynthetic pigments in its membrane.
A) granum
B) mesophyll
C) chlorophyll
D) thylakoid
E) stroma
Answer: D
Explanation: Pigments such as carotenoid and chlorophyll are inserted into the thylakoid
membrane. Please see section 5.3 for more information.
Section: 05.03
Topic: Photosynthesis; Chloroplasts; Light Reactions
photosynthesis.
7
15) What is the gelatinous matrix inside chloroplasts that contains ribosomes, DNA, and
enzymes?
A) granum
B) chlorophyll
C) thylakoid
D) stroma
E) mitochondria
Answer: D
Explanation: The stroma is the chloroplast's inner fluid region. Please see section 5.3 for more
information.
Section: 05.03
photosynthesis.
16) Examples of photosynthetic accessory pigments are

A) chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
B) chlorophyll a and carotenoids.
C) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
D) carotenoids and DNA.
E) chlorophyll b and DNA.
Answer: A
Explanation: Accessory pigments help the main photosynthetic pigment by capturing more
photons of light and passing their energy along. Please see section 5.2 for more information.
Section: 05.02
8
17) Leaves of many plants change colors in the fall because
A) the cooler weather causes plants to produce more of the photosynthetic accessory pigments.
B) chlorophyll in the leaves degrades with shorter days and cooler temperatures.
C) the decrease in daylight hours causes the plant to produce more of the photosynthetic
accessory pigments.
D) the plants produce more chlorophyll.
E) All of the answer choices are correct.
Answer: B
Explanation: When chlorophyll disappears from leaves, the accessory pigments are left behind.
Please see Burning Question 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.02; 05.05
Bloom's: 3. Apply
18) Sunlight is the energy source for the light reactions. The energy sources for the carbon
reactions are
A) ATP and carbon dioxide.
B) NADPH and carbon dioxide.
C) NADPH and ATP.
D) ATP and oxygen.
E) NADPH and oxygen.
Answer: C
Explanation: The light reactions turn sunlight into the chemical energy in ATP, which is then
used to power the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.4 for more information.
Section: 05.04
Topic: Photosynthesis; Light Reactions; Carbon Reactions
photosynthesis.
9
19) What is released at each step of an electron transport chain?
A) ultraviolet wavelengths
B) electrons
C) photons
D) energy
E) All answers are correct.
Answer: D
Explanation: The electron transport chain extracts energy in a stepwise fashion. Please see
Section: 05.05
Learning Outcome: 05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.
20) Electrons excited in photosystem II help the chloroplast produce

A) water.
B) NADPH.
C) glucose.
D) NADH.
E) ATP.
Answer: E
Explanation: The energy of light captured by photosytem II is transformed into the chemical
energy of ATP via ATP synthase. Please see section 5.5 for more information.
Section: 05.05
10
21) The product of photosystem I is
A) NADPH.
B) ATP.
C) glucose.
D) water.
E) NADH.
Answer: A
Explanation: NADPH is used for powering the carbon reactions just like ATP from
photosystem II. Please see section 5.5 for more information.
Section: 05.05
22) Photosystem I and photosystem II are part of

A) the light reactions and the carbon reactions.
B) the light reactions only.
C) the light reactions and respiration.
D) the carbon reactions only.
E) respiration.
Answer: B
Explanation: The photosystems are only involved in the capture and conversion of light energy,
not in the production of organic compounds. Please see section 5.5 for more information.
Section: 05.05
11
23) Herbicides may kill plants by
A) blocking carotenoid synthesis.
B) blocking electron flow in photosystem II.
C) diverting electrons away from photosystem I.
D) interfering with amino acid synthesis.
Answer: E
Explanation: Herbicides target a range of important biochemical processes, but some of the
most commonly targeted are parts of photosynthesis. Please see Why We Care 5.1 for more
information.
Section: 05.05
Bloom's: 3. Apply
24) The main product of the carbon reactions is

A) oxygen.
B) NADPH.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) a carbohydrate.
E) ATP.
Answer: D
Explanation: The carbon reactions produce organic compounds, particularly carbohydrates.
Please see section 5.6 for more information.
Section: 05.06
Topic: Photosynthesis; Carbon Reactions
Learning Outcome: 05.06.01 Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.
12
25) Tiny openings in the epidermis of the leaf that allow plants to exchange gases with the
atmosphere are called
A) thylakoids.
B) pigments.
C) stomata (singular: stoma).
D) grana (singular: granum).
E) thylakoid spaces.
Answer: C
Explanation: Stomata control loss of water and uptake of carbon dioxide. Please see section 5.3
and figure 5.4 for more information.
Section: 05.03
photosynthesis.
26) If you were placing orders for experiments with rubisco, you would need ribulose
bisphosphate and what other molecule to conduct the experiments?
A) glucose
B) ATP
C) carbon monoxide
D) organic compounds
E) carbon dioxide
Answer: E
Explanation: Rubisco catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate. Please
see section 5.6 for more information.
Section: 05.06
13
27) The Calvin cycle is a
A) cyclic pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
B) linear pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
C) cyclic pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.
D) linear pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.
E) cyclic pathway that produces ATP and three-carbon carbohydrates from CO2.
Answer: A
Explanation: The Calvin cycle is where oxidized carbon dioxide is reduced into carbohydrates.
Please see section 5.6 and figure 5.8 for more information.
Section: 05.06
28) If you were conducting research on the functioning of a stoma (plural: stomata) to suit your
awake-at-night personality, with which plants would you choose to work?
A) CAM
B) C3
C) C4
D) CAM or C3
E) C3 or C4
Answer: A
Explanation: Nighttime work would be best with plants that only open their stomata at
night−CAM plants. Please see section 5.7 for more information.
Section: 05.07
Topic: Photosynthesis; C3, C4, and CAM Photosynthesis
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 05.07.01 Compare and contrast C3, C4, and CAM plants.
14
29) Which plants are best suited to cool, wet conditions?
A) C4
B) C3
C) CAM
D) All types are equally suited.
Answer: B
Explanation: If water is abundant, C3 photosynthesis is the most efficient pathway. Please see
Section: 05.07
Topic: C3, C4, and CAM Photosynthesis
30) In photosynthesis, the carbon in CO2 is ________ to form glucose.

A) respired
B) oxidized
C) reduced
D) energized
E) broken down
Answer: C
Explanation: Reduction involves the addition of electrons, which is done when carbon dioxide
is added to an existing carbohydrate. Please see section 5.4 for more information.
Section: 05.04
Bloom's: 3. Apply
photosynthesis.
15
31) In photosynthesis, the oxygen atoms in H2O are
A) energized.
B) reduced.
C) reformed into other elements.
D) oxidized.
E) broken down.
Answer: D
Explanation: Oxygen atoms removed from water and turned into oxygen gas are oxidized.
When that happens, they lose electrons. Please see section 5.4 for more information.
Section: 05.04
photosynthesis.
32) The carbon atoms in the cellulose of a wood log originally came from ________ absorbed by
the plant.
A) glucose
B) carbon dioxide
C) nutrients in the soil
D) water
E) oxygen
Answer: B
Explanation: Carbon atoms originate in the atmosphere and return there when organisms die
and are broken down. Please see section 5.6 for more information.
Section: 05.06
Bloom's: 3. Apply
16
33) Burning wood is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis. Knowing this, what products would be
formed?
A) carbon dioxide and water
B) glucose and oxygen
C) oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) oxygen and water
E) carbon dioxide and glucose
Answer: A
Explanation: Carbon dioxide and water are both the starting material for photosynthesis and the
end products of burning material from photosynthetic organisms. Please see section 5.6 for more
information.
Section: 05.06
Bloom's: 3. Apply
34) The light reactions produce ATP, while the carbon reactions consume it.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The light reactions produce ATP at photosystem II, while this is used in the
carbon reactions for fixing and reducing carbon. Please see section 5.4 for more information.
Section: 05.04
photosynthesis.
35) The carbon reactions produce NADPH, while the light reactions consume it.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are both used in the carbon
reactions. Please see section 5.4 for more information.
Section: 05.04
photosynthesis.
17
36) How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration?
A) Stomata are open only at night and oxygen is stored in a four-carbon compound.
B) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so CO2 does not come
into contact with rubisco.
C) Stomata are open only at night and CO2 is stored in a four-carbon compound.
D) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so that high levels of CO2
are always around rubisco.
Answer: D
Explanation: C4 plants separate parts of the carbon reactions in space to achieve greater
efficiency in the use of water. Please see section 5.7 for more information.
Section: 05.07
Bloom's: 3. Apply
37) How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration?

A) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so carbon dioxide does
not come into contact with rubisco.
B) The light reactions and the carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come
into contact with rubisco.
C) Stomata are open only at night and oxygen is stored in a four-carbon compound. During the
day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
D) Stomata are open only at night and carbon dioxide is stored in a four-carbon compound.
During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
Answer: D
Explanation: By opening stomata at night, CAM plants reduce water loss since it is cooler at
night with less thermal energy to drive evaporation. Refer to the discussion of CAM plants in
section 5.7.
Section: 05.07
Bloom's: 3. Apply
18
38) The light reactions provide energy to fuel the carbon reactions to produce carbohydrates.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The light reactions power the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.6 for more
information.
Section: 05.06
Learning Outcome: 05.06.02 Explain the relationship between the products and reactants of the
light and carbon reactions.
39) The carbon reactions can run on their own without the products of the light reactions.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The light reactions power the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.6 for more
information.
Section: 05.06
40) Which of the following occurs as a result of splitting a water molecule in photosystem II?
A) O2 is produced that can be released by the cell.
B) O2 is produced that can be used by the plant in respiration.
C) Protons are released to assist in the electron transport chain.
D) Electrons are released to assist in the electron transport chain.
E) All answer choices are correct.
Answer: E
Explanation: The splitting of water in photosystem II provides electrons, protons, and a release
of oxygen. Please see section 5.5 for more information.
Section: 05.05
Learning Outcome: 05.05.02 Explain the role of water in photosynthesis.
19
41) Most biologists agree that the light reactions are less important than the carbon reactions.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The light reactions and the carbon reactions are both critical for life on Earth for
the oxygen and organic compounds provided. Please see section 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.01
Bloom's: 3. Apply
42) If oxygen could be traced, the oxygen in the water in a leaf would end up in carbohydrates
after photosynthesis.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The oxygen in water ends up as oxygen gas in the atmosphere after the light
reactions. Please see section 5.5 for more information.
Section: 05.05
Bloom's: 3. Apply
43) Plants need water to fill their cells and to perform the light reactions.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Plant cells are full of water, like other cells, but they also use water as a raw
material in the light reactions. Please see section 5.4 for more information.
Section: 05.04
Bloom's: 3. Apply
photosynthesis.
44) Water interacts with the machinery in photosystem II during the photosynthesis.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Photosystem II breaks down water to produce oxygen. Please see section 5.5 for
more information.
Section: 05.05
20
45) Electrons from water are used to replenish those removed from chlorophyll during the light
reactions.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Photosystem II breaks down water to produce oxygen. Please see section 5.5 for
more information.
Section: 05.05
46) The carbon reactions produce ATP and NADPH.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 05.04
photosynthesis.
47) For many plants to grow well in hot, dry weather, they must be watered so their stomata will
remain open for longer periods of time to let in oxygen.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Please see section 5.7 to learn more about the role of the stoma.
Section: 05.07
Bloom's: 3. Apply
21
48) How would Earth be different without photosynthesis?
A) The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere would be lower.
B) Heterotrophs would have fewer food sources.
C) There would be destruction to the food web.
D) More sunlight would be absorbed and converted to environmental heat.
E) All answers are correct.
Answer: E
Explanation: Without photosynthesis, many of the nonliving parts of Earth would change, and
most living things would not exist for lack of oxygen. Please see section 5.1 for more
information.
Section: 05.01
Bloom's: 3. Apply
49) Green and yellow wavelengths of light are used to power photosynthesis.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The wavelengths of light used for photosynthesis fall in the blue and red parts of
the spectrum. Please see section 5.2 for more information.
Section: 05.02
50) If you were planning to extract chlorophyll from an oak tree, what would be the best starting
material?
A) leaves
B) bark
C) roots
D) stems
Answer: A
Explanation: Leaves contain large numbers of chloroplasts with large concentrations of
chlorophyll. Please see section 5.3 for more information.
Section: 05.03
Bloom's: 3. Apply
photosynthesis.
22
51) Why are accessory pigments necessary in photosystems?
A) They capture a wider spectrum of wavelengths of light.
B) They donate electrons to the reaction center.
C) They split water into hydrogen ions and oxygen.
D) They conduct the carbon reactions of photosynthesis.
Answer: A
Explanation: Accessory pigments allow wavelengths of light other than the red and blue
absorbed by chlorophyll to power photosynthesis. Please see section 5.2 for more information.
Section: 05.02
52) Biologists consider photosynthesis to be the most important metabolic process because
without it, there would be no CO2 in the atmosphere.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Remember what photosynthesis provides to all living organisms. Please see
Section: 05.01
53) Without photosynthesis, autotrophs would be more abundant.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Photosynthesis powers most of Earth's autotrophs. Without it, they would
disappear. Please see section 5.1 for more information.
Section: 05.01
23
54) The light reactions harvest _____, while the carbon reactions produce ________.
A) energy; carbohydrates
B) energy; phosphate
C) phosphate; carbohydrates
D) energy; nucleic acids
E) lipids; nucleic acids
Answer: A
Explanation: The light reactions absorb energy from the sun, while the carbon reactions use that
energy to make carbohydrates. Please see section 5.4 for more information.
Section: 05.04
photosynthesis.
55) What is produced in the light reactions that is used in the carbon reactions of photosynthesis?
A) ATP and NADPH
B) ADP and NADP+
C) carbon dioxide and oxygen
D) water and glucose
E) oxygen and glucose
Answer: A
Explanation: The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH, from different photosystems,
which are used for carbon reduction in the carbon reactions. Please see section 5.6 for more
information.
Section: 05.06
Bloom's: 3. Apply
24
Match the reactants of photosynthesis with the correct sources.
A) captured from wavelengths of light

B) absorption through roots
C) gas exchange through stomata
56) carbon dioxide

Section: 05.02; 05.03
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 05.02.01 Explain how light interacts with pigments.; 05.03.01 Describe the
structures in a leaf that are involved in photosynthesis.
57) water
Section: 05.02; 05.03
Bloom's: 3. Apply
58) energy
Section: 05.02; 05.03
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Answers: 56) C 57) B 58) A
25
Match the steps of photosynthesis with the correct descriptions.
A) incorporates carbon into organic molecule that serves as food

B) releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space
C) produces the electron carrier to reduce carbon dioxide
D) splits water and produces oxygen gas and protons
59) photosystem II
Section: 05.04; 05.05; 05.06
Bloom's: 3. Apply
photosynthesis.; 05.05.01 Describe how the light reactions produce ATP and NADPH.; 05.06.01
Identify the products and reactants in the carbon reactions.
60) photosystem I
Section: 05.04; 05.05; 05.06
Bloom's: 3. Apply
61) electron transport chain

Section: 05.04; 05.05; 05.06
Bloom's: 3. Apply
62) Calvin cycle

Section: 05.04; 05.05; 05.06
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Answers: 59) D 60) C 61) B 62) A
26
63) Place the steps of the light reactions in the order in which they occur.
________ Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing NADPH.
________ Photosystem II captures a photon of light.
________ A pair of electrons is excited in the reaction center of photosystem II.
________ Energy is passed to the reaction center of photosystem II.
________ Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing ATP.
Answer:
5 Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing NADPH.
1 Photosystem II captures a photon of light.
3 A pair of electrons is excited in the reaction center of photosystem II.
2 Energy is passed to the reaction center of photosystem II.
4 Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain, producing ATP.
Explanation: Please see section 5.5 to review the steps in the light reactions.
Section: 05.05
Bloom's: 3. Apply
64) Rubisco catalyzes the fixation of CO2 with ribulose bisphosphate in the first step of the
Calvin cycle.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Please see section 5.6 and figure 5.8 for more information.
Section: 05.06
27
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8) The energy source for photosynthesis is

16) Examples of photosynthetic accessory pigments are

20) Electrons excited in photosystem II help the chloroplast produce

22) Photosystem I and photosystem II are part of

24) The main product of the carbon reactions is

30) In photosynthesis, the carbon in CO2 is ________ to form glucose.

37) How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration?

46) The carbon reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

53) Without photosynthesis, autotrophs would be more abundant.

A) captured from wavelengths of light

56) carbon dioxide

Answers: 56) C 57) B 58) A

A) incorporates carbon into organic molecule that serves as food

61) electron transport chain

62) Calvin cycle

Answers: 59) D 60) C 61) B 62) A

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