Phrase

VS
Clause
Reading for General Interest
Table of contents

Phrase Component

01 What is phrase?
02 Phrase component

Clause Component
03 What is clause?
04 Clause component
Whoa!
Indah Wulansari
indah11015@mail.unpad.ac.id
+6281220161280
 01
Phrase
What is a phrase?
Phrase is a small group of words standing
together as a conceptual unit, typically forming
a component of a clause. Words can be grouped
together but without a subject or a verb.

In everyday speech, a phrase is any group of

words, often carrying a special idiomatic
meaning. In this sense, it is synonymous with
expression. In linguistic analysis, a phrase is a
group of words that function as a constituent in
the syntax of a sentence, a single unit within a
grammatical hierarchy.

There are ten common types of phrase.

 “Some things are
be er said in phrases”

—Adrienne Posey
 02
Component
Phrase’s component
How many phrases are?
There are ten common phrases, which are:

● Noun phrase
● Verb Phrase
● Adjective phrase
● Adverbial phrase
● Prepositional phrase
● Appositive phrase
● Absolute phrase
● Gerund phrase
● Infinitive phrase
● Participial phrase
Noun Phrase
Consist of noun and all its modifier.
This phrase acts like a noun in the
sentence (function like noun). A noun
phrase comprises of a noun as a head
words and other related words that
may come before of after the noun.

The annual election politics are

annoying for many people.

I want a skateboard.

Karen lives in the yellow house.

Lisa gave the little boy a candy.

Verb Phrase

Consists of a verb (main verb or helping

verb/auxiliaries) and all its modifiers.

We were waiting for the movie.

Jason felt a prick on his arm.

 Adjective
A phrase that acts as an
adjective in the sentence. It

Phrase
modifies a noun of pronoun.

She bought a beautiful brown

chair.

She had extremely menacing

eyes.

A dog covered in mud is mine.

 It acts as an adverb and
Adverbial modifies a verb, adverb, or
adjective.
Phrase They walked between their
parents.

The kid sat behind her mother.

 Prepositional
Phrase
It begins with a preposition.

He is sleeping on the carpet.

She always speak in a gentle

voice.
Appositive Phrase

Restate and define a noun in a sentence. It consists one or more words.

Her horse, an arabian, was her pride and joy.

My idea, recycling bin for the office, was accepted by my boss.

 Absolute Phrase

It also called nominative phrase. It consists a noun or pronoun as subject. It

modifies of tells more about the whole sentence. It also looks like clause but lacks
true finite verb. It is separated by a comma in the sentence.

She is looking very happy, her face expressing a shine of happiness.

Its tail between its legs, the dog walked out the door.
 Gerund
Phrase
It essentially noun phrase that
begin with a gerund (verb-ing). A
gerund phrase functions as a
noun in the sentence.

I enjoy listening to the music.

Walking in the sun affects the

complexion of a person.
Infinitive
Phrase It’s a noun phrase that begins with
infinitive verb (to+base form of a verb).
Infinitive phrase function nouns, adjectives,
or adverbs in the sentence.

To see Niagara Fall is a mind blowing.

To make lemonade, you have to start with

lemon.

The second plan to catch the bear ended in

failure.
Participial
A group of a present participle
(verb-ing) or past participle verb and

Phrase
linking words. A participle phrase is
punctuated with a comma or commas. It
always functions as an adjective
modifying noun in the sentence.

Fatigued and dehydrated in the desert,

the man traveled on.

The girl, giggling and playing in the park,

never seemed to tire.

We are looking forward to the movie,

having seen the trailer last week.
Review
Noun phrase Verb phrase Adjective

Adverbial Prepositional Appositive

Absolute Gerund

Infinitive Participial
Mars Mars
Exercise!
1. The students, raising their hands, need extra pages.
2. We stared at her in amazement.
3. By evening, they had not reached the farmhouse.
4. This is the best place to begin.
5. Tim sat down and poured himself a very large whisky.
6. That is a very serious allegation.
7. Painted a brilliant white, the small room seemed bigger.
8. A cheetah, the fastest land animal, can run 70 miles an hour.
9. To get success in a exam is an ambition of every student.
10. Their heads hanging down, the whole group apologized.
11. Hoping for the miracle, the doctors continued the surgery.
12. I couldn’t park anywhere near the place.
 03
Clause
What is a clause?
Clause is a part of the sentence that contains a verb. A
typical clause consists of a subject and a predicate,
the latter typically a verb phrase, a verb with any
objects and other modifiers.

Sentence is a set of words which is complete in itself,

typically contains a subject and predicate, conveying
a statement, question, exclamation or command, and
consisting of a main clause and sometime one or more
subordinate clause.
Types of sentences
There are four types of sentences, which are:

● Simple sentence (one independent

clause)
● Compound sentence (more than one
independent clause)
● Complex sentence (independent clause
and at least one dependent clause)
● Compound-complex sentence (two
independent clauses and one or more
dependent clause)
 04
Component
How many clause’s
components are?
Clause’s Component
Independent

Dependent
Independent Clause
A clause that can stand alone. Usually, it
consists subject and verb that form simple or
compound sentence. However, it also can be
added with dependent clause(s) to become
complex or compound complex sentence.
Coordinating Independent Clause

Semicolon ;

Moreover,
However,
Semicolon and
Indeed,
conjunctive adverb and ;
Therefore,
comma
Nevertheless,
Consequently,

For
And
Comma and Nor
coordinating , But
conjunction Or
Yet
So
Dependent Clause
A clause that contains subject and verb but
does not express a complete thought. As a
result, it cannot stand alone as a sentence.
Dependent clause can function either as a noun
clause, adjective clause, or adverb clause.
Recognize it by subordinate conjunction which
start the clause.
Subordinating Conjunction

A subordinating conjunction is simply word/words

that is used to join a subordinating clause to
another clause or sentence. Subordinating
conjunction shows cause and effect and signals
relationship of time and place.

A subordinating conjunction connects a noun clause or

an adverb clause to some other clause. Note that
subordinating conjunctions are not used to connect
adjective clauses.
Common Subordinating Conjunction

After In order that Unless

Although Rather than Until
As (as if) Since When
Because So that Whenever
Before Than Whereas
Even though That Whether
If though while

The most common subordinating conjunction used for introducing a noun clause
is that; others are if, when, whether, why and how.
Adverb clause of time: before, since, till, after etc. Adverb clause of reason: as,
because, since etc.
Types of Dependent Clause

Noun Clause
Can be used the same
way as noun and Adverbial
pronoun Clause
It function is the same
Adjective as adverb
Clause
Relative clause
Noun Clause
A dependent clause that acts
as a noun. It usually begins
with pronouns, subordinating
conjunction and other noun
modifiers.

That we were late to class really

upset the teacher.’

I will tell whoever will listen my

frightening story.
Adjective Clause A dependent clause that
functions as an adjective in
the sentence which comes
after noun or noun phrase.

Adjective clause also called

relative clause because it
begins with relative pronoun or
relative adverb.

My blue tennis shoes, which used to

be my mom's, were under the bed.

There is the mountain that we are

going to climb. (That is the direct
object of the infinitive to climb.)
(Non)Essential Adjective Clause
žAn essential adjective clause provides information that is necessary
for identifying the word it modifies. If the clause is gone, the meaning
will change.
We knew the actress who starred in the movie.
ž
A non-essential adjective clause provides additional information about
the word it modifies, but the word’s meaning is already clear. It always
sets of with commas.
The house on the left, which belongs to Nicole, is up for sale.
 Adverbial Clause
Dependent clause that functions as an
adverb.

Adverb clauses can be placed at the

beginning, middle or end of a sentence.
When placed at the beginning or in the
middle, they require a comma to offset
them from the rest of the sentence:
●Whether you like it or not, you have to go.
●The boy, although he is very bright, failed
math.

However, when the adverb clause is at the

end of a sentence, no comma is needed:
●She enjoyed the party more than he did.
Rules of clause

Independent clause (no punctuation)

Dependent clause , (comma)

Review

Adverb
Clause Noun

(in)dependent Adjective

Coordinating (non)essential
Subordinating
Exercise!
1. The cat made herself at home in the apartment as if she had
always lived there.
2. Whichever restaurant you pick is fine with me.
3. We can swim in the pool as soon as you put on sunscreen.
4. The player _____ we are watching just caught a ball.
5. As soon as I saw you, I knew something was wrong.
6. Be sure to send whoever interviewed you a thank-you note!
7. Joseph is my father-in-law who was died several years ago.
8. The boy _____ plays a ball at the park is my cousin.
9. The house where the killing occurred was in Robert’s house.
10. The focus of our work is how we can satisfy customers most
effectively.
11. The article _____ she wrote was well researched.
12. Mariah Carey is a singer ______ music I like best.
 Assignment
Download the text and identify every clause and
phrase in every sentence. Then choose five sentences
to make it like the tree example and identify until the
smallest unit (part of speech). You can draw by using
graphic in word app or by any method you want. Make
sure to draw it or mark the tree clearly.
 Thank you!
Do you have any questions?
indah11015@mail.unpad.ac.id
+628122-161280
blogs.unpad.ac.id/moonlight

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